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Li F, Pang J, Wang M, Yang T, Wang Y, Sun D, Zhang Q. Neurotoxicity of hexaconazole on rat brain: The aspect of biological rhythm. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116722. [PMID: 39003869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Hexaconazole is a widely used and frequently detected fungicide which is also reported to be persistent in environment. The toxicity of Hex to non-organisms such as reproductive toxicity, endocrine disrupting toxicity, and carcinogenic toxicity had been reported. However, study on the Hex-induced neurotoxicity is rare and the mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, environmental related concentrations of Hex were chosen to investigate the effects of Hex on nervous system from the aspect of biological rhythm under 90 d sub-chronic exposure. The results showed that Hex significantly affected the cognitive function of rats resulting in the deterioration of learning and memory ability and induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Moreover, the notable changes of neurotransmitters in rat brain suggested the disorder of nerve signaling conduction induced by Hex. The influence of Hex on biological rhythm was further detected which showed that levels of rhythm regulatory genes and proteins significantly disturbed at four monitored time periods. Based on these results, it was supposed that the underlying mechanism of Hex-induced cognitive dysfunction might through oxidative stress pathway. Our findings could systematically and comprehensively clarify the effects of Hex on nervous system and were helpful for prevention neurological diseases induced by triazole pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Junxiao Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Min Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Tianming Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Yao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Dali Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China.
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China.
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2
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Ono D, Weaver DR, Hastings MH, Honma KI, Honma S, Silver R. The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus at 50: Looking Back, Then Looking Forward. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:135-165. [PMID: 38366616 PMCID: PMC7615910 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231225706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
It has been 50 years since the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was first identified as the central circadian clock and 25 years since the last overview of developments in the field was published in the Journal of Biological Rhythms. Here, we explore new mechanisms and concepts that have emerged in the subsequent 25 years. Since 1997, methodological developments, such as luminescent and fluorescent reporter techniques, have revealed intricate relationships between cellular and network-level mechanisms. In particular, specific neuropeptides such as arginine vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and gastrin-releasing peptide have been identified as key players in the synchronization of cellular circadian rhythms within the SCN. The discovery of multiple oscillators governing behavioral and physiological rhythms has significantly advanced our understanding of the circadian clock. The interaction between neurons and glial cells has been found to play a crucial role in regulating these circadian rhythms within the SCN. Furthermore, the properties of the SCN network vary across ontogenetic stages. The application of cell type-specific genetic manipulations has revealed components of the functional input-output system of the SCN and their correlation with physiological functions. This review concludes with the high-risk effort of identifying open questions and challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ono
- Stress Recognition and Response, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - David R Weaver
- Department of Neurobiology and NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael H Hastings
- Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken-Ichi Honma
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders, Sapporo Hanazono Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders, Sapporo Hanazono Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rae Silver
- Stress Recognition and Response, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience & Behavior, Barnard College and Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
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3
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Li T, Jiang Y, Bai Y, Jiang K, Du G, Chen P, Luo C, Li L, Qiao J, Shen J. A review for the impacts of circadian disturbance on urological cancers. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2024; 22:163-180. [PMID: 38524168 PMCID: PMC10959858 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is an internal timing system and harmonizes a variety of cellular, behavioral, and physiological processes to daily environment. Circadian disturbance caused by altered life style or disrupted sleep patterns inevitably contributes to various disorders. As the rapidly increased cancer occurrences and subsequent tremendous financial burdens, more researches focus on reducing the morbidity rather than treating it. Recently, many epidemiologic studies demonstrated that circadian disturbance was tightly related to the occurrence and development of cancers. For urinary system, numerous clinical researches observed the incidence and progress of prostate cancer were influenced by nightshift work, sleep duration, chronotypes, light exposure, and meal timing, this was also proved by many genetic and fundamental findings. Although the epidemiological studies regarding the relationship between circadian disturbance and kidney/bladder cancers were relative limited, some basic researches still claimed circadian disruption was closely correlated to these two cancers. The role of circadian chemotherapy on cancers of prostate, kidney, and bladder were also explored, however, it has not been regularly recommended considering the limited evidence and poor standard protocols. Finally, the researches for the impacts of circadian disturbance on cancers of adrenal gland, penis, testis were not found at present. In general, a better understanding the relationship between circadian disturbance and urological cancers might help to provide more scientific work schedules and rational lifestyles which finally saving health resource by reducing urological tumorigenesis, however, the underlying mechanisms are complex which need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiting Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunjin Bai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kehua Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangshi Du
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lei Li
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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4
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Mahoney HL, Schmidt TM. The cognitive impact of light: illuminating ipRGC circuit mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:159-175. [PMID: 38279030 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Ever-present in our environments, light entrains circadian rhythms over long timescales, influencing daily activity patterns, health and performance. Increasing evidence indicates that light also acts independently of the circadian system to directly impact physiology and behaviour, including cognition. Exposure to light stimulates brain areas involved in cognition and appears to improve a broad range of cognitive functions. However, the extent of these effects and their mechanisms are unknown. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) have emerged as the primary conduit through which light impacts non-image-forming behaviours and are a prime candidate for mediating the direct effects of light on cognition. Here, we review the current state of understanding of these effects in humans and mice, and the tools available to uncover circuit-level and photoreceptor-specific mechanisms. We also address current barriers to progress in this area. Current and future efforts to unravel the circuits through which light influences cognitive functions may inform the tailoring of lighting landscapes to optimize health and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Mahoney
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Tiffany M Schmidt
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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5
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Wang Y, van Beurden AW, Tersteeg MMH, Michel S, Kastelein A, Neefjes J, Rohling JHT, Meijer JH, Deboer T. Internal circadian misallignment in a mouse model of chemotherapy induced fatigue. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:588-599. [PMID: 37984623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer survivors can experience long lasting fatigue resulting in a lower quality of life. How chemotherapy treatment contributes to this fatigue is poorly understood. Previously we have shown in a mouse model of cancer related fatigue that doxorubicin treatment induces fatigue-like symptoms related to disturbed circadian rhythms. However, the specific components of the circadian regulatory circuitry affected by doxorubicin treatment remained unclear. Therefore we investigated the role of the central circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), in chemotherapy-induced fatigue. METHODS We measured circadian controlled behavior and multiunit neuronal activity in the SCN in freely moving mice exhibiting fatigue-like behavior after doxorubicin treatment under both light-dark (LD) and constant dark (DD) conditions. Additionally, we assessed the expression of inflammation related genes in spleen and kidney as potential inducers of CRF. RESULTS Doxorubicin treatment significantly reduced both the running wheel activity and time spent using the running wheel for over five weeks after treatment. In contrast to the pronounced effects on behavior and neuronal activity of doxorubicin on circadian rhythms, peripheral inflammation markers only showed minor differences, five weeks after the last treatment. Surprisingly, the circadian SCN neuronal activity under both LD and DD conditions was not affected. However, the circadian timing of neuronal activity in peri-SCN areas (the brain areas surrounding SCN) and circadian rest-activity behavior was strongly affected by doxorubicin, suggesting that the output of the SCN was altered. The reduced correlation between the SCN neuronal activity and behavioral activity after doxorubicin treatment, suggests that the information flow from the SCN to the periphery was disturbed. CONCLUSION Our preclinical study suggests that chemotherapy-induced fatigue disrupts the circadian rhythms in peripheral brain areas and behavior downstream from the SCN, potentially leading to fatigue like symptoms. Our data suggest that peripheral inflammation responses are less important for the maintenance of fatigue. Chronotherapy that realigns circadian rhythms could represent a non-invasive way to improve patient outcomes following chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk W van Beurden
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mayke M H Tersteeg
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Michel
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke Kastelein
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H T Rohling
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Deboer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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6
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Liu Q, Bell BJ, Kim DW, Lee SS, Keles MF, Liu Q, Blum ID, Wang AA, Blank EJ, Xiong J, Bedont JL, Chang AJ, Issa H, Cohen JY, Blackshaw S, Wu MN. A clock-dependent brake for rhythmic arousal in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6381. [PMID: 37821426 PMCID: PMC10567910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks generate rhythms of arousal, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. In Drosophila, the clock output molecule WIDE AWAKE (WAKE) labels rhythmic neural networks and cyclically regulates sleep and arousal. Here, we show, in a male mouse model, that mWAKE/ANKFN1 labels a subpopulation of dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) neurons involved in rhythmic arousal and acts in the DMH to reduce arousal at night. In vivo Ca2+ imaging reveals elevated DMHmWAKE activity during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, while patch-clamp recordings show that DMHmWAKE neurons fire more frequently at night. Chemogenetic manipulations demonstrate that DMHmWAKE neurons are necessary and sufficient for arousal. Single-cell profiling coupled with optogenetic activation experiments suggest that GABAergic DMHmWAKE neurons promote arousal. Surprisingly, our data suggest that mWAKE acts as a clock-dependent brake on arousal during the night, when mice are normally active. mWAKE levels peak at night under clock control, and loss of mWAKE leads to hyperarousal and greater DMHmWAKE neuronal excitability specifically at night. These results suggest that the clock does not solely promote arousal during an animal's active period, but instead uses opposing processes to produce appropriate levels of arousal in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Benjamin J Bell
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mehmet F Keles
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qili Liu
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ian D Blum
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Annette A Wang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Elijah J Blank
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jiali Xiong
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joseph L Bedont
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anna J Chang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Habon Issa
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mark N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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7
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Starnes AN, Jones JR. Inputs and Outputs of the Mammalian Circadian Clock. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040508. [PMID: 37106709 PMCID: PMC10136320 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in mammals are coordinated by the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Light and other environmental inputs change the timing of the SCN neural network oscillator, which, in turn, sends output signals that entrain daily behavioral and physiological rhythms. While much is known about the molecular, neuronal, and network properties of the SCN itself, the circuits linking the outside world to the SCN and the SCN to rhythmic outputs are understudied. In this article, we review our current understanding of the synaptic and non-synaptic inputs onto and outputs from the SCN. We propose that a more complete description of SCN connectivity is needed to better explain how rhythms in nearly all behaviors and physiological processes are generated and to determine how, mechanistically, these rhythms are disrupted by disease or lifestyle.
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8
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Claudio A, Andrea F. Circadian neuromarkers of mood disorders. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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9
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Kauffman AS. Neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying estrogen positive feedback and the LH surge. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:953252. [PMID: 35968365 PMCID: PMC9364933 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.953252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental principle in reproductive neuroendocrinology is sex steroid feedback: steroid hormones secreted by the gonads circulate back to the brain to regulate the neural circuits governing the reproductive neuroendocrine axis. These regulatory feedback loops ultimately act to modulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, thereby affecting gonadotropin secretion from the anterior pituitary. In females, rising estradiol (E2) during the middle of the menstrual (or estrous) cycle paradoxically "switch" from being inhibitory on GnRH secretion ("negative feedback") to stimulating GnRH release ("positive feedback"), resulting in a surge in GnRH secretion and a downstream LH surge that triggers ovulation. While upstream neural afferents of GnRH neurons, including kisspeptin neurons in the rostral hypothalamus, are proposed as critical loci of E2 feedback action, the underlying mechanisms governing the shift between E2 negative and positive feedback are still poorly understood. Indeed, the precise cell targets, neural signaling factors and receptors, hormonal pathways, and molecular mechanisms by which ovarian-derived E2 indirectly stimulates GnRH surge secretion remain incompletely known. In many species, there is also a circadian component to the LH surge, restricting its occurrence to specific times of day, but how the circadian clock interacts with endocrine signals to ultimately time LH surge generation also remains a major gap in knowledge. Here, we focus on classic and recent data from rodent models and discuss the consensus knowledge of the neural players, including kisspeptin, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and glia, as well as endocrine players, including estradiol and progesterone, in the complex regulation and generation of E2-induced LH surges in females.
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10
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Gao XB, Horvath TL. From Molecule to Behavior: Hypocretin/orexin Revisited From a Sex-dependent Perspective. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:743-760. [PMID: 34792130 PMCID: PMC9277634 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/Orx) system in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus has been recognized as a critical node in a complex network of neuronal systems controlling both physiology and behavior in vertebrates. Our understanding of the Hcrt/Orx system and its array of functions and actions has grown exponentially in merely 2 decades. This review will examine the latest progress in discerning the roles played by the Hcrt/Orx system in regulating homeostatic functions and in executing instinctive and learned behaviors. Furthermore, the gaps that currently exist in our knowledge of sex-related differences in this field of study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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11
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Fagiani F, Baronchelli E, Pittaluga A, Pedrini E, Scacchi C, Govoni S, Lanni C. The Circadian Molecular Machinery in CNS Cells: A Fine Tuner of Neuronal and Glial Activity With Space/Time Resolution. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:937174. [PMID: 35845604 PMCID: PMC9283971 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.937174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian molecular machinery is a fine timekeeper with the capacity to harmonize physiological and behavioral processes with the external environment. This tight-knit regulation is coordinated by multiple cellular clocks across the body. In this review, we focus our attention on the molecular mechanisms regulated by the clock in different brain areas and within different cells of the central nervous system. Further, we discuss evidence regarding the role of circadian rhythms in the regulation of neuronal activity and neurotransmitter systems. Not only neurons, but also astrocytes and microglia actively participate in the maintenance of timekeeping within the brain, and the diffusion of circadian information among these cells is fine-tuned by neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid), thus impacting on the core clock machinery. The bidirectional interplay between neurotransmitters and the circadian clockwork is fundamental in maintaining accuracy and precision in daily timekeeping throughout different brain areas. Deepening the knowledge of these correlations allows us to define the basis of drug interventions to restore circadian rhythms, as well as to predict the onset of drug treatment/side effects that might promote daily desynchronization. Furthermore, it may lead to a deeper understanding of the potential impacts of modulations in rhythmic activities on the pace of aging and provide an insight in to the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fagiani
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Baronchelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, 3Rs Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Scacchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Centro 3R (Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research), Italy
- *Correspondence: Cristina Lanni
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12
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Murillo-Rodríguez E, Coronado-Álvarez A, López-Muciño LA, Pastrana-Trejo JC, Viana-Torre G, Barberena JJ, Soriano-Nava DM, García-García F. Neurobiology of dream activity and effects of stimulants on dreams. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1280-1295. [PMID: 35761491 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220627162032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle is the result of the activity of a multiple neurobiological network interaction. Dreaming feature is one interesting sleep phenomena that represents sensorial components, mostly visual perceptions, accompanied with intense emotions. Further complexity has been added to the topic of the neurobiological mechanism of dreams generation by the current data that suggests the influence of drugs on dream generation. Here, we discuss the review on some of the neurobiological mechanism of the regulation of dream activity, with special emphasis on the effects of stimulants on dreaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Astrid Coronado-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Luis Angel López-Muciño
- Health Sciences Program. Health Sciences Institute. Veracruzana University. Xalapa. Veracruz. Mexico
| | - José Carlos Pastrana-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Gerardo Viana-Torre
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Juan José Barberena
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Escuela de Psicología, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México
| | - Daniela Marcia Soriano-Nava
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Fabio García-García
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Health Sciences Program. Health Sciences Institute. Veracruzana University. Xalapa. Veracruz. Mexico
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13
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Lok R, Woelders T, Gordijn MCM, van Koningsveld MJ, Oberman K, Fuhler SG, Beersma DGM, Hut RA. Bright Light During Wakefulness Improves Sleep Quality in Healthy Men: A Forced Desynchrony Study Under Dim and Bright Light (III). J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:429-441. [PMID: 35730553 PMCID: PMC9326793 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221096910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Under real-life conditions, increased light exposure during wakefulness seems associated with improved sleep quality, quantified as reduced time awake during bed time, increased time spent in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, or increased power of the electroencephalogram delta band (0.5-4 Hz). The causality of these important relationships and their dependency on circadian phase and/or time awake has not been studied in depth. To disentangle possible circadian and homeostatic interactions, we employed a forced desynchrony protocol under dim light (6 lux) and under bright light (1300 lux) during wakefulness. Our protocol consisted of a fast cycling sleep-wake schedule (13 h wakefulness—5 h sleep; 4 cycles), followed by 3 h recovery sleep in a within-subject cross-over design. Individuals (8 men) were equipped with 10 polysomnography electrodes. Subjective sleep quality was measured immediately after wakening with a questionnaire. Results indicated that circadian variation in delta power was only detected under dim light. Circadian variation in time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness were uninfluenced by light. Prior light exposure increased accumulation of delta power and time in NREM sleep, while it decreased wakefulness, especially during the circadian wake phase (biological day). Subjective sleep quality scores showed that participants rated their sleep quality better after bright light exposure while sleeping when the circadian system promoted wakefulness. These results suggest that high environmental light intensity either increases sleep pressure buildup during wakefulness or prevents the occurrence of micro-sleep, leading to improved quality of subsequent sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lok
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - T Woelders
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M C M Gordijn
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Chrono@Work B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M J van Koningsveld
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - K Oberman
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S G Fuhler
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - D G M Beersma
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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14
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DeCarlo AA, Hammes N, Johnson PL, Shekhar A, Samuels BC. Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist Attenuates Increases in IOP, ICP, and Translaminar Pressure Difference After Stimulation of the Hypothalamus in Rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:1. [PMID: 35234838 PMCID: PMC8899853 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma progression. Our previous discovery that stimulation of nuclei within the hypothalamus can modulate IOP, intracranial pressure (ICP), and translaminar pressure difference (TLPD) fluctuations led us to investigate this pathway further. Our purpose was to determine the role of orexin neurons, primarily located in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) and perifornical (PeF) regions of the hypothalamus, in modulating these pressures. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated systemically with a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA-12) at 30 mg/Kg (n = 8), 10 mg/Kg (n = 8), or vehicle control (n = 8). The IOP, ICP, heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded prior to and following excitation of the DMH/PeF using microinjection of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI). RESULTS Administration of the DORA at 30 mg/Kg significantly attenuated peak IOP by 5.2 ± 3.6 mm Hg (P = 0.007). During the peak response period (8-40 minutes), the area under the curve (AUC) for the 30 mg/Kg DORA cohort was significantly lower than the control cohort during the same period (P = 0.04). IOP responses for peak AUC versus DORA dose, from 0 to 30 mg/Kg, were linear (R2 = 0.18, P = 0.04). The ICP responses during the peak response period (4-16 minutes) versus DORA dose were also linear (R2 = 0.24, P = 0.014). Pretreatment with DORA significantly decreased AUC for the TLPD following stimulation of the DMH/PeF (10 mg/kg, P = 0.045 and 30 mg/kg, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS DORAs have the potential to attenuate asynchronous changes in IOP and in ICP and to lessen the extent of TLPDs that may result from central nervous system (CNS) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A. DeCarlo
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Nathan Hammes
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States,Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States
| | - Philip L. Johnson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brian C. Samuels
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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15
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Maruani J, Geoffroy PA. Multi-Level Processes and Retina-Brain Pathways of Photic Regulation of Mood. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020448. [PMID: 35054142 PMCID: PMC8781294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Light exerts powerful biological effects on mood regulation. Whereas the source of photic information affecting mood is well established at least via intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) secreting the melanopsin photopigment, the precise circuits that mediate the impact of light on depressive behaviors are not well understood. This review proposes two distinct retina–brain pathways of light effects on mood: (i) a suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)-dependent pathway with light effect on mood via the synchronization of biological rhythms, and (ii) a SCN-independent pathway with light effects on mood through modulation of the homeostatic process of sleep, alertness and emotion regulation: (1) light directly inhibits brain areas promoting sleep such as the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), and activates numerous brain areas involved in alertness such as, monoaminergic areas, thalamic regions and hypothalamic regions including orexin areas; (2) moreover, light seems to modulate mood through orexin-, serotonin- and dopamine-dependent pathways; (3) in addition, light activates brain emotional processing areas including the amygdala, the nucleus accumbens, the perihabenular nucleus, the left hippocampus and pathways such as the retina–ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet–lateral habenula pathway. This work synthetizes new insights into the neural basis required for light influence mood
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maruani
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Bichat—Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
- NeuroDiderot, INSERM U1141, Université de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (P.A.G.); Tel.: +33-(0)1-40-25-82-62 (J.M. & P.A.G.)
| | - Pierre A. Geoffroy
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Bichat—Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
- NeuroDiderot, INSERM U1141, Université de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- GHU Paris—Psychiatry & Neurosciences, 1 Rue Cabanis, F-75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (P.A.G.); Tel.: +33-(0)1-40-25-82-62 (J.M. & P.A.G.)
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16
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Li T, Bai Y, Jiang Y, Jiang K, Tian Y, Gu J, Sun F. The potential impacts of circadian rhythm disturbances on male fertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1001316. [PMID: 36277693 PMCID: PMC9582279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1001316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A circadian rhythm is an internalized timing system that synchronizes the cellular, behavioral, and physiological processes of organisms to the Earth's rotation. Because all physiological activities occur at a specific time, circadian rhythm disturbances can lead to various pathological disorders and diseases. Growing evidence has shown that the circadian clock is tightly connected to male fertility, and circadian perturbations contribute to infertility. The night shiftwork, insufficient sleep, and poor sleep quality are common causes of circadian disturbances, and many studies have reported that they impair sperm quality and increase the risk of male infertility. However, research on the impacts of light, body temperature, and circadian/circannual rhythms is relatively lacking, although some correlations have been demonstrated. Moreover, as the index of sperm quality was diverse and study designs were non-uniform, the conclusions were temporarily inconsistent and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. A better understanding of whether and how circadian disturbances regulate male fertility will be meaningful, as more scientific work schedules and rational lifestyles might help improve infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunjin Bai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiting Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Kehua Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fa Sun, ; Jiang Gu,
| | - Fa Sun
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fa Sun, ; Jiang Gu,
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17
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Gao F, Liu T, Tuo M, Chi S. The role of orexin in Alzheimer disease: From sleep-wake disturbance to therapeutic target. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136247. [PMID: 34530113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that sleep disturbance is a common symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is regarded as a modifiable risk factor for AD. Orexin is a key modulator of the sleep-wake cycle and has been found to be dysregulated in AD patients. The increased orexin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is associated with decreased sleep efficiency and REM sleep, as well as cognitive impairment in AD patients. The orexin system has profuse projections to brain regions that are implicated in arousal and cognition and has been found to participate in the progression of AD pathology. Conversely the orexin receptor antagonists are able to consolidate sleep and reduce AD pathology. Therefore, improved understanding of the mechanisms linking orexin system, sleep disturbance and AD could make orexin receptor antagonists a promising target for the prevention or treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Miao Tuo
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Chi
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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18
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Bumgarner JR, Walker WH, Nelson RJ. Circadian rhythms and pain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:296-306. [PMID: 34375675 PMCID: PMC8429267 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to provide a perspective on the nature and importance of the relationship between the circadian and pain systems. We provide: 1) An overview of the circadian and pain systems, 2) a review of direct and correlative evidence that demonstrates diurnal and circadian rhythms within the pain system; 3) a perspective highlighting the need to consider the role of a proposed feedback loop of circadian rhythm disruption and maladaptive pain; 4) a perspective on the nature of the relationship between circadian rhythms and pain. In summary, we propose that there is no single locus responsible for producing the circadian rhythms of the pain system. Instead, circadian rhythms of pain are a complex result of the distributed rhythms present throughout the pain system, especially those of the descending pain modulatory system, and the rhythms of the systems with which it interacts, including the opioid, endocrine, and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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19
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Dim light in the evening causes coordinated realignment of circadian rhythms, sleep, and short-term memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101591118. [PMID: 34556572 PMCID: PMC8488663 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101591118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, people are regularly exposed to artificial light (e.g., light-emitting electronic devices). Dim light in the evening (DLE) imposes an artificial extension of the solar day, increasing our alertness before bedtime, delaying melatonin timing and sleep onset, and increasing sleepiness in the next morning. Using laboratory mice as a model organism, we show that 2 wk of 4-h, 20-lux DLE postpones rest–activity rhythms, delays molecular rhythms in the brain and body, and reverses the diurnal pattern of short-term memory performance. These results highlight the biological impact of DLE and emphasize the need to optimize our evening light exposure if we are to avoid shifting our biological clocks. Light provides the primary signal for entraining circadian rhythms to the day/night cycle. In addition to rods and cones, the retina contains a small population of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) expressing the photopigment melanopsin (OPN4). Concerns have been raised that exposure to dim artificial lighting in the evening (DLE) may perturb circadian rhythms and sleep patterns, and OPN4 is presumed to mediate these effects. Here, we examine the effects of 4-h, 20-lux DLE on circadian physiology and behavior in mice and the role of OPN4 in these responses. We show that 2 wk of DLE induces a phase delay of ∼2 to 3 h in mice, comparable to that reported in humans. DLE-induced phase shifts are unaffected in Opn4−/− mice, indicating that rods and cones are capable of driving these responses in the absence of melanopsin. DLE delays molecular clock rhythms in the heart, liver, adrenal gland, and dorsal hippocampus. It also reverses short-term recognition memory performance, which is associated with changes in preceding sleep history. In addition, DLE modifies patterns of hypothalamic and cortical cFos signals, a molecular correlate of recent neuronal activity. Together, our data show that DLE causes coordinated realignment of circadian rhythms, sleep patterns, and short-term memory process in mice. These effects are particularly relevant as DLE conditions―due to artificial light exposure―are experienced by the majority of the populace on a daily basis.
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20
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Wang P, Gao X, Zhao F, Gao Y, Wang K, Tian JS, Li Z, Qin XM. Study of the Neurotransmitter Changes Adjusted by Circadian Rhythm in Depression Based on Liver Transcriptomics and Correlation Analysis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2151-2166. [PMID: 34060807 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression has drawn increasing attention from the public around the world in recent years. Studies have shown that liver injury caused by chronic stress is relevant to depression and neurotransmitter changes. It is essential to clarify the relationship between neurotransmitter changes and hepatic gene expression in depression. In this study, we used the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model combined with UHPLC-MS to explore the changes of neurotransmitters in serum and hippocampus and to decipher the differential gene expression in the liver by using the RNA-Seq combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Compared with the control group, the levels of neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), acetylcholine, glutamate (Glu), and dopamine (DA) in the hippocampus and 5-HT, norepinephrine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in serum were significantly changed in the CUMS rats. The results of liver transcriptomic analysis and correlation analysis showed that the Glu, DA, 5-HT, and GABA were impacted by 68 liver genes which were mainly enriched in three pathways including circadian rhythm, serotonergic synapse, and p53 signaling pathway. The expressive levels of clock genes and serotonergic synapse genes were validated by using q-PCR, and the diurnal rhythms of neurotransmitters were validated by in vivo hippocampus microdialysis. The CUMS stressors might cause phase advance of Glu and GABA by adjusting clock genes. The transcriptomic technique combined with correlation analysis and in vivo microdialysis could be used to discover comprehensive pathways of depression. It provides a new strategy for the rational assessment of the mechanism of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry Education of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry Education of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry Education of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry Education of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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21
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Lonstein JS, Linning-Duffy K, Tang Y, Moody A, Yan L. Impact of daytime light intensity on the central orexin (hypocretin) system of a diurnal rodent (Arvicanthis niloticus). Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4167-4181. [PMID: 33899987 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin is implicated in sleep and arousal, energy expenditure, reward, affective state and cognition. Our previous work using diurnal Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus) found that orexin mediates the effects of environmental light, particularly daytime light intensity, on affective and cognitive behaviours. The present study further investigated how daytime light intensity affects the central orexin system in male and female grass rats. Subjects were housed for 4 weeks in 12:12 hr dim light:dark (50 lux, dimLD) or in 12:12 hr bright light:dark cycle (1000 lux, brightLD). Day/night fluctuations in some orexin measures were also assessed. Despite similar hypothalamic prepro-orexin mRNA expression across all conditions, there were significantly more orexin-immunoreactive neurons, larger somata, greater optical density or higher orexin A content at night (ZT14) than during the day (ZT2), and/or in animals housed in brightLD compared to dimLD. Grass rats in brightLD also had higher cisternal CSF levels of orexin A. Furthermore, orexin receptor OX1R and OX2R proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex were higher in brightLD than dimLD males, but lower in brightLD than dimLD females. In the CA1 and dorsal raphe nucleus, females had higher OX1R than males without any significant effects of light condition, and OX2R levels were unaffected by sex or light. These results reveal that daytime light intensity alters the central orexin system of both male and female diurnal grass rats, sometimes sex-specifically, and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying how daytime light intensity impacts orexin-regulated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Lonstein
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Katrina Linning-Duffy
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yuping Tang
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anna Moody
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lily Yan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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22
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Giannoni-Guzmán MA, Kamitakahara A, Magalong V, Levitt P, McMahon DG. Circadian photoperiod alters TREK-1 channel function and expression in dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons via melatonin receptor 1 signaling. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12705. [PMID: 33210730 PMCID: PMC8496951 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal day length has been linked to the prevalence of mood disorders, and however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that developmental exposure to seasonal photoperiods has enduring effects on the activity of mouse dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons, their intrinsic electrical properties, as well as on depression and anxiety-related behaviors. Here we focus on the possible ionic mechanisms that underlie the observed programming of the electrophysiological properties of serotonin neurons, focusing on the twin-pore K + channels TREK-1 and TASK-1 that set resting membrane potential and regulate excitability. Pharmacological inhibition of TREK-1 significantly increased spike frequency in Short and Equinox photoperiods, but did not further elevate the firing rate in slices from Long photoperiod mice, suggesting that TREK-1 function is reduced in Long photoperiods. In contrast, inhibition of TASK-1 resulted in increases in firing rates across all photoperiods, suggesting that it contributes to setting excitability, but is not regulated by photoperiod. We then quantified Kcnk2 mRNA levels specifically in dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons using triple-label RNAscope. We found that Long photoperiod significantly reduced levels of Kcnk2 in serotonin neurons co-expressing Tph2, and Pet-1. Photoperiodic effects on the function and expression of TREK-1 were blocked in melatonin 1 receptor knockout (MT-1KO) mice, consistent with previous findings that MT-1 signaling is necessary for photoperiodic programming of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons. Taken together these results indicate that photoperiodic regulation of TREK-1 expression and function plays a key role in photoperiodic programming the excitability of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Kamitakahara
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics, Keck School of Medicine, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valerie Magalong
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics, Keck School of Medicine, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics, Keck School of Medicine, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas G. McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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23
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Wu J, Liu D, Li J, Sun J, Huang Y, Zhang S, Gao S, Mei W. Central Neural Circuits Orchestrating Thermogenesis, Sleep-Wakefulness States and General Anesthesia States. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:223-253. [PMID: 33632102 PMCID: PMC9199556 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210225152728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in specifically identifying the central neural circuits (CNCs) of the core body temperature (Tcore), sleep-wakefulness states (SWs), and general anesthesia states (GAs), mainly utilizing optogenetic or chemogenetic manipulations. We summarize the neuronal populations and neural pathways of these three CNCs, which gives evidence for the orchestration within these three CNCs, and the integrative regulation of these three CNCs by different environmental light signals. We also outline some transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that function in the CNCs-Tcore and are modulated by some general anesthetics, which makes TRP channels possible targets for addressing the general-anesthetics-induced-hypothermia (GAIH). We suggest this review will provide new orientations for further consummating these CNCs and elucidating the central mechanisms of GAIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Daiqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Shaojie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave 1095, Wuhan 430030. China
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Jha PK, Bouâouda H, Kalsbeek A, Challet E. Distinct feedback actions of behavioural arousal to the master circadian clock in nocturnal and diurnal mammals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 123:48-60. [PMID: 33440199 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus provides a temporal pattern of sleep and wake that - like many other behavioural and physiological rhythms - is oppositely phased in nocturnal and diurnal animals. The SCN primarily uses environmental light, perceived through the retina, to synchronize its endogenous circadian rhythms with the exact 24 h light/dark cycle of the outside world. The light responsiveness of the SCN is maximal during the night in both nocturnal and diurnal species. Behavioural arousal during the resting period not only perturbs sleep homeostasis, but also acts as a potent non-photic synchronizing cue. The feedback action of arousal on the SCN is mediated by processes involving several brain nuclei and neurotransmitters, which ultimately change the molecular functions of SCN pacemaker cells. Arousing stimuli during the sleeping period differentially affect the circadian system of nocturnal and diurnal species, as evidenced by the different circadian windows of sensitivity to behavioural arousal. In addition, arousing stimuli reduce and increase light resetting in nocturnal and diurnal species, respectively. It is important to address further question of circadian impairments associated with shift work and trans-meridian travel not only in the standard nocturnal laboratory animals but also in diurnal animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Jha
- Circadian Clocks and Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, France; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Hanan Bouâouda
- Circadian Clocks and Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Etienne Challet
- Circadian Clocks and Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, France
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Bahari F, Kimbugwe J, Alloway KD, Gluckman BJ. Model-based analysis and forecast of sleep-wake regulatory dynamics: Tools and applications to data. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:013139. [PMID: 33754773 PMCID: PMC7837756 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Extensive clinical and experimental evidence links sleep-wake regulation and state of vigilance (SOV) to neurological disorders including schizophrenia and epilepsy. To understand the bidirectional coupling between disease severity and sleep disturbances, we need to investigate the underlying neurophysiological interactions of the sleep-wake regulatory system (SWRS) in normal and pathological brains. We utilized unscented Kalman filter based data assimilation (DA) and physiologically based mathematical models of a sleep-wake regulatory network synchronized with experimental measurements to reconstruct and predict the state of SWRS in chronically implanted animals. Critical to applying this technique to real biological systems is the need to estimate the underlying model parameters. We have developed an estimation method capable of simultaneously fitting and tracking multiple model parameters to optimize the reconstructed system state. We add to this fixed-lag smoothing to improve reconstruction of random input to the system and those that have a delayed effect on the observed dynamics. To demonstrate application of our DA framework, we have experimentally recorded brain activity from freely behaving rodents and classified discrete SOV continuously for many-day long recordings. These discretized observations were then used as the "noisy observables" in the implemented framework to estimate time-dependent model parameters and then to forecast future state and state transitions from out-of-sample recordings.
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Hwang YT, Piguet O, Hodges JR, Grunstein R, Burrell JR. Sleep and orexin: A new paradigm for understanding behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia? Sleep Med Rev 2020; 54:101361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Brown AMC, Gervais NJ. Role of Ovarian Hormones in the Modulation of Sleep in Females Across the Adult Lifespan. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5879359. [PMID: 32735650 PMCID: PMC7450669 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian hormones, including 17β-estradiol, are implicated in numerous physiological processes, including sleep. Beginning at puberty, girls report more sleep complaints than boys, which is maintained throughout the reproductive life stage. Sleep problems are exacerbated during the menopausal transition, evidenced by greater risk for sleep disorders. There is emerging evidence that menopause-associated hormone loss contributes to this elevated risk, but age is also an important factor. The extent to which menopause-associated sleep disturbance persists into postmenopause above and beyond the effects of age remains unknown. Untreated sleep disturbances have important implications for cognitive health, as they are emerging as risk factors for dementia. Given that sleep loss impairs memory, an important knowledge gap concerns the role played by menopause-associated hormone loss in exacerbating sleep disturbance and, ultimately, cognitive function in aging women. In this review, we take a translational approach to illustrate the contribution of ovarian hormones in maintaining the sleep-wake cycle in younger and middle-aged females, with evidence implicating 17β-estradiol in supporting the memory-promoting effects of sleep. Sleep physiology is briefly reviewed before turning to behavioral and neural evidence from young females linking 17β-estradiol to sleep-wake cycle maintenance. Implications of menopause-associated 17β-estradiol loss is also reviewed before discussing how ovarian hormones may support the memory-promoting effects of sleep, and why menopause may exacerbate pathological aging via effects on sleep. While still in its infancy, this research area offers a new sex-based perspective on aging research, with a focus on a modifiable risk factor for pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M C Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole J Gervais
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence: Nicole J. Gervais, University of Toronto, Department of Psychology, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G3. E-mail:
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Zhang Z, Zhai Q, Gu Y, Zhang T, Huang Z, Liu Z, Liu Y, Xu Y. Impaired function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus rescues the loss of body temperature homeostasis caused by time-restricted feeding. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1268-1280. [PMID: 32864176 PMCID: PMC7455017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master circadian pacemaker that drives body temperature rhythm. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has potential as a preventative or therapeutic approach against many diseases. The potential side effects of TRF remain unknown. Here we show that a 4-hour TRF stimulus in mice can severely impair body temperature homeostasis and can result in lethality. Nearly half of the mice died at 21 °C, and all mice died at 18 °C during 4-hour TRF. Moreover, this effect was modulated by the circadian clock and was associated with severe hypothermia due to loss of body temperature homeostasis, which is different from "torpor", an adaptive response under food deprivation. Disrupting the circadian clock by the SCN lesions or a non-invasive method (constant light) which disrupts circadian clock rescued lethality during TRF. Analysis of circadian gene expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) demonstrated that TRF reprograms rhythmic transcriptome in DMH and suppresses expression of genes, such as Ccr5 and Calcrl, which are involved in thermoregulation. We demonstrate a side effect of 4-hour TRF on the homeostasis of body temperature and a rescue function by impairing the SCN function. Altogether, our results suggested that constructing a circadian arrhythmicity may have a beneficial effect on the host response to an acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou District, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Qiaocheng Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhengyun Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390,Correspondence to: (Y.X.), (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China,Correspondence to: (Y.X.), (Y.L.)
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Daut RA, Ravenel JR, Watkins LR, Maier SF, Fonken LK. The behavioral and neurochemical effects of an inescapable stressor are time of day dependent. Stress 2020; 23:405-416. [PMID: 31868091 PMCID: PMC7335331 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1707180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are ∼24 h fluctuations in physiology and behavior that are synchronized with the light-dark cycle. The circadian system ensures homeostatic balance by regulating multiple systems that respond to environmental stimuli including stress systems. In rats, acute exposure to a series of uncontrollable tailshocks (inescapable stress, IS) produces an anxiety and depression-like phenotype. Anxiety- and fear-related behavioral changes produced by IS are driven by sensitization of serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Because the circadian and serotonergic systems are closely linked, here we tested whether the DRN-dependent behavioral and neurochemical effects of IS are time of day dependent. Exposure to IS during the light (inactive) phase elicited the expected changes in mood related behaviors. In contrast, rats that underwent IS during the dark (active) phase were buffered against stress-induced changes in juvenile social exploration and shock-elicited freezing, both DRN-dependent outcomes. Interestingly, behavioral anhedonia, which is not a DRN-dependent behavior, was comparably reduced by stress at both times of day. Neurochemical changes complimented the behavioral results: IS-induced activation of DRN 5-HT neurons was greater during the light phase compared to the dark phase. Additionally, 5-HT1AR and 5-HTT, two genes that regulate 5-HT activity were up-regulated during the middle of the light cycle. These data suggest that DRN-dependent behavioral outcomes of IS are time of day dependent and may be mediated by circadian gating of the DRN response to stress.Lay summaryHere we show that the time of day at which a stressor occurs impacts the behavioral and neurochemical outcomes of the stressor. In particular, animals appear more vulnerable to a stressor that occurs during their rest phase. This work may have important implications for shift-workers and other populations that are more likely to encounter stressors during their rest phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Daut
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - J. Russell Ravenel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Steven F. Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Laura K. Fonken
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Corresponding Author: Laura K. Fonken, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712; phone: (512) 232-8331;
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Sbrini G, Brivio P, Peeva PM, Todiras M, Bader M, Alenina N, Calabrese F. The Absence of Serotonin in the Brain Alters Acute Stress Responsiveness by Interfering With the Genomic Function of the Glucocorticoid Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:128. [PMID: 32547368 PMCID: PMC7278285 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in serotonergic transmission have been related to a major predisposition to develop psychiatric pathologies, such as depression. We took advantage of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) 2 deficient rats, characterized by a complete absence of serotonin in the brain, to evaluate whether a vulnerable genotype may influence the reaction to an acute stressor. In this context, we investigated if the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) genomic pathway activation was altered by the lack of serotonin in the central nervous system. Moreover, we analyzed the transcription pattern of the clock genes that can be affected by acute stressors. Adult wild type (TPH2+/+) and TPH2-deficient (TPH2-/-) male rats were sacrificed after exposure to one single session of acute restraint stress. Protein and gene expression analyses were conducted in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The acute stress enhanced the translocation of GRs in the nucleus of TPH2+/+ animals. This effect was blunted in TPH2-/- rats, suggesting an impairment of the GR genomic mechanism. This alteration was mirrored in the expression of GR-responsive genes: acute stress led to the up-regulation of GR-target gene expression in TPH2+/+, but not in TPH2-/- animals. Finally, clock genes were differently modulated in the two genotypes after the acute restraint stress. Overall our findings suggest that the absence of serotonin within the brain interferes with the ability of the HPA axis to correctly modulate the response to acute stress, by altering the nuclear mechanisms of the GR and modulation of clock genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sbrini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Brivio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Polina Mineva Peeva
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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31
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Northeast RC, Vyazovskiy VV, Bechtold DA. Eat, sleep, repeat: the role of the circadian system in balancing sleep-wake control with metabolic need. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 15:183-191. [PMID: 32617440 PMCID: PMC7323618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Feeding and sleep are behaviours fundamental to survival, and as such are subject to powerful homeostatic control. Of course, these are mutually exclusive behaviours, and therefore require coordinated temporal organisation to ensure that both energy demands and sleep need are met. Under optimal conditions, foraging/feeding and sleep can be simply partitioned to appropriate phases of the circadian cycle so that they are in suitable alignment with the external environment. However, under conditions of negative energy balance, increased foraging activity must be balanced against sleep requirements and energy conservation. In mammals and many other species, neural circuits that regulate sleep and energy balance are intimately and reciprocally linked. Here, we examine this circuitry, discuss how homeostatic regulation and temporal patterning of sleep are modulated by altered food availability, and describe the role of circadian system in adaptation to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Northeast
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - David A Bechtold
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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De Nobrega AK, Luz KV, Lyons LC. Resetting the Aging Clock: Implications for Managing Age-Related Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1260:193-265. [PMID: 32304036 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, individuals are living longer due to medical and scientific advances, increased availability of medical care and changes in public health policies. Consequently, increasing attention has been focused on managing chronic conditions and age-related diseases to ensure healthy aging. The endogenous circadian system regulates molecular, physiological and behavioral rhythms orchestrating functional coordination and processes across tissues and organs. Circadian disruption or desynchronization of circadian oscillators increases disease risk and appears to accelerate aging. Reciprocally, aging weakens circadian function aggravating age-related diseases and pathologies. In this review, we summarize the molecular composition and structural organization of the circadian system in mammals and humans, and evaluate the technological and societal factors contributing to the increasing incidence of circadian disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the adverse effects of circadian dysfunction on aging and longevity and the bidirectional interactions through which aging affects circadian function using examples from mammalian research models and humans. Additionally, we review promising methods for managing healthy aging through behavioral and pharmacological reinforcement of the circadian system. Understanding age-related changes in the circadian clock and minimizing circadian dysfunction may be crucial components to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K De Nobrega
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kristine V Luz
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Rozenblit-Susan S, Chapnik N, Froy O. Serotonin Prevents Differentiation of Brown Adipocytes by Interfering with Their Clock. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:2018-2024. [PMID: 31674727 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serotonin was shown to interfere with the differentiation of brown adipocytes. In addition, clock components inhibit brown adipogenesis through direct transcriptional control of key components of the transforming growth factor β pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serotonin abrogates brown adipogenesis by affecting clock functionality. METHODS Nondifferentiated and differentiated HIB1B brown adipocytes were treated with serotonin, and their clock expression and functionality and differentiation state were examined. RESULTS Nondifferentiated HIB1B brown adipocytes treated with serotonin showed increased brown adipocyte markers alongside increased brain-muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1) and RAR related orphan receptor A (Rora) but decreased nuclear receptor Rev-erbα mRNA levels. BMAL1 overexpression together with serotonin led to significantly lower brown adipocyte markers. Serotonin in the differentiation cocktail led to reduced brown adipocyte markers as well as clock gene expression. After differentiation, serotonin treatment significantly decreased brown adipocyte markers and reduced BMAL1 and RORα but increased REV-ERBα protein levels. Addition of serotonin to the differentiation medium or addition after differentiation reduced activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma, which interferes with circadian locomoter output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK):BMAL1 dimerization and transactivation. CONCLUSIONS Clock expression is required at the early stages of differentiation to brown adipocytes, and serotonin interferes with this process by modulating clock functionality. Serotonin interferes with clock functionality by reducing the levels of the active form of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Rozenblit-Susan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nava Chapnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Orlowska-Feuer P, Smyk MK, Palus-Chramiec K, Dyl K, Lewandowski MH. Orexin A as a modulator of dorsal lateral geniculate neuronal activity: a comprehensive electrophysiological study on adult rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16729. [PMID: 31723155 PMCID: PMC6853907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexins (OXA, OXB) are hypothalamic peptides playing crucial roles in arousal, feeding, social and reward-related behaviours. A recent study on juvenile rats suggested their involvement in vision modulation due to their direct action on dorsal lateral geniculate (dLGN) neurons. The present study aimed to verify whether a similar action of OXA can be observed in adulthood. Thus, in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological recordings on adult Wistar rats across light-dark and cortical cycles were conducted under urethane anaesthesia. OXA influenced ~28% of dLGN neurons recorded in vivo by either excitation or suppression of neuronal firing. OXA-responsive neurons did not show any spatial distribution nor represent a coherent group of dLGN cells, and responded to OXA similarly across the light-dark cycle. Interestingly, some OXA-responsive neurons worked in a cortical state-dependent manner, especially during the dark phase, and 'preferred' cortical activation over slow-wave activity induced by urethane. The corresponding patch clamp study confirmed these results by showing that < 20% of dLGN neurons were excited by OXA under both light regimes. The results suggest that OXA is involved in the development of the visual system rather than in visual processes and further implicate OXA in the mediation of circadian and arousal-related activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Orlowska-Feuer
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology (MCB), Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kinga Smyk
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology (MCB), Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Palus-Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dyl
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marian Henryk Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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Wang TA, Teo CF, Åkerblom M, Chen C, Tynan-La Fontaine M, Greiner VJ, Diaz A, McManus MT, Jan YN, Jan LY. Thermoregulation via Temperature-Dependent PGD 2 Production in Mouse Preoptic Area. Neuron 2019; 103:309-322.e7. [PMID: 31151773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Body temperature control is essential for survival. In mammals, thermoregulation is mediated by the preoptic area of anterior hypothalamus (POA), with ∼30% of its neurons sensitive to brain temperature change. It is still unknown whether and how these temperature-sensitive neurons are involved in thermoregulation, because for eight decades they have only been identified via electrophysiological recording. By combining single-cell RNA-seq with whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we identified Ptgds as a genetic marker for temperature-sensitive POA neurons. Then, we demonstrated these neurons' role in thermoregulation via chemogenetics. Given that Ptgds encodes the enzyme that synthesizes prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), we further explored its role in thermoregulation. Our study revealed that rising temperature of POA alters the activity of Ptgds-expressing neurons so as to increase PGD2 production. PGD2 activates its receptor DP1 and excites downstream neurons in the ventral medial preoptic area (vMPO) that mediates body temperature decrease, a negative feedback loop for thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfei A Wang
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chin Fen Teo
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Malin Åkerblom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chao Chen
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Marena Tynan-La Fontaine
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Vanille Juliette Greiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Aaron Diaz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lily Y Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Yan L, Lonstein JS, Nunez AA. Light as a modulator of emotion and cognition: Lessons learned from studying a diurnal rodent. Horm Behav 2019; 111:78-86. [PMID: 30244030 PMCID: PMC6456444 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Light profoundly affects the behavior and physiology of almost all animals, including humans. One such effect in humans is that the level of illumination during the day positively contributes to affective well-being and cognitive function. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of daytime light intensity on affect and cognition are poorly understood. One barrier for progress in this area is that almost all laboratory animal models studied are nocturnal. There are substantial differences in how light affects nocturnal and diurnal species, e.g., light induces sleep in nocturnal mammals but wakefulness in diurnal ones, like humans. Therefore, the mechanisms through which light modulates affect and cognition must differ between the chronotypes. To further understand the neural pathways mediating how ambient light modulates affect and cognition, our recent work has developed a diurnal rodent model, the Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus), in which daytime light intensity is chronically manipulated in grass rats housed under the same 12:12 hour light/dark cycle. This simulates lighting conditions during summer-like bright sunny days vs. winter-like dim cloudy days. Our work has revealed that chronic dim daylight intensity results in higher depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as impaired spatial learning and memory. Furthermore, we have found that hypothalamic orexin is a mediator of these effects. A better understanding of how changes in daytime light intensity impinge upon the neural substrates involved in affect and cognition will lead to novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for seasonal affective disorder, as well as for non-seasonal emotional or cognitive impairments associated with light deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Yan
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Joseph S Lonstein
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Antonio A Nunez
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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37
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Byrne JEM, Tremain H, Leitan ND, Keating C, Johnson SL, Murray G. Circadian modulation of human reward function: Is there an evidentiary signal in existing neuroimaging studies? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 99:251-274. [PMID: 30721729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reward functioning in animals is modulated by the circadian system, but such effects are poorly understood in the human case. The aim of this study was to address this deficit via a systematic review of human fMRI studies measuring one or more proxies for circadian function and a neural reward outcome. A narrative synthesis of 15 studies meeting inclusion criteria identified 13 studies that show a circadian impact on the human reward system, with four types of proxy (circadian system biology, downstream circadian rhythms, circadian challenge, and time of day) associated with neural reward activation. Specific reward-related regions/networks subserving this effect included the medial prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, putamen and default mode network. The circadian effect was observed in measures of both reward anticipation and reward receipt, with more consistent evidence for the latter. Findings are limited by marked heterogeneity across study designs. We encourage a systematic program of research investigating circadian-reward interactions as an adapted biobehavioural feature and as an aetiological mechanism in reward-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E M Byrne
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 312 John St Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Hailey Tremain
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 312 John St Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Nuwan D Leitan
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 312 John St Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Charlotte Keating
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 312 John St Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 3210, Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1650, USA
| | - Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 312 John St Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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38
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Leise TL, Goldberg A, Michael J, Montoya G, Solow S, Molyneux P, Vetrivelan R, Harrington ME. Recurring circadian disruption alters circadian clock sensitivity to resetting. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:2343-2354. [PMID: 30269396 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A single phase advance of the light:dark (LD) cycle can temporarily disrupt synchrony of neural circadian rhythms within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and between the SCN and peripheral tissues. Compounding this, modern life can involve repeated disruptive light conditions. To model chronic disruption to the circadian system, we exposed male mice to more than a month of a 20-hr light cycle (LD10:10), which mice typically cannot entrain to. Control animals were housed under LD12:12. We measured locomotor activity and body temperature rhythms in vivo, and rhythms of PER2::LUC bioluminescence in SCN and peripheral tissues ex vivo. Unexpectedly, we discovered strong effects of the time of dissection on circadian phase of PER2::LUC bioluminescent rhythms, which varied across tissues. White adipose tissue was strongly reset by dissection, while thymus phase appeared independent of dissection timing. Prior light exposure impacted the SCN, resulting in strong resetting of SCN phase by dissection for mice housed under LD10:10, and weak phase shifts by time of dissection in SCN from control LD12:12 mice. These findings suggest that exposure to circadian disruption may desynchronize SCN neurons, increasing network sensitivity to perturbations. We propose that tissues with a weakened circadian network, such as the SCN under disruptive light conditions, or with little to no coupling, for example, some peripheral tissues, will show increased resetting effects. In particular, exposure to light at inconsistent circadian times on a recurring weekly basis disrupts circadian rhythms and alters sensitivity of the SCN neural pacemaker to dissection time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L Leise
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Ariella Goldberg
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - John Michael
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Grace Montoya
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Sabrina Solow
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Penny Molyneux
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
| | - Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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39
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Azeez IA, Del Gallo F, Cristino L, Bentivoglio M. Daily Fluctuation of Orexin Neuron Activity and Wiring: The Challenge of "Chronoconnectivity". Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1061. [PMID: 30319410 PMCID: PMC6167434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the heterogeneous hub represented by the lateral hypothalamus, neurons containing the orexin/hypocretin peptides play a key role in vigilance state transitions and wakefulness stability, energy homeostasis, and other functions relevant for motivated behaviors. Orexin neurons, which project widely to the neuraxis, are innervated by multiple extra- and intra-hypothalamic sources. A key property of the adaptive capacity of orexin neurons is represented by daily variations of activity, which is highest in the period of the animal’s activity and wakefulness. These sets of data are here reviewed. They concern the discharge profile during the sleep/wake cycle, spontaneous Fos induction, peptide synthesis and release reflected by immunostaining intensity and peptide levels in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as postsynaptic effects. At the synaptic level, adaptive capacity of orexin neurons subserved by remodeling of excitatory and inhibitory inputs has been shown in response to changes in the nutritional status and prolonged wakefulness. The present review wishes to highlight that synaptic plasticity in the wiring of orexin neurons also occurs in unperturbed conditions and could account for diurnal variations of orexin neuron activity. Data in zebrafish larvae have shown rhythmic changes in the density of inhibitory innervation of orexin dendrites in relation to vigilance states. Recent findings in mice have indicated a diurnal reorganization of the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the perisomatic innervation of orexin neurons. Taken together these sets of data point to “chronoconnectivity,” i.e., a synaptic rearrangement of inputs to orexin neurons over the course of the day in relation to sleep and wake states. This opens questions on the underlying circadian and homeostatic regulation and on the involved players at synaptic level, which could implicate dual transmitters, cytoskeletal rearrangements, hormonal regulation, as well as surrounding glial cells and extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the question arises of a “chronoconnectivity” in the wiring of other neuronal cell groups of the sleep-wake-regulatory network, many of which are characterized by variations of their firing rate during vigilance states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris A Azeez
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Del Gallo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marina Bentivoglio
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience, Verona Unit, Verona, Italy
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40
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Myslivecek J, Farar V, Valuskova P. M(4) muscarinic receptors and locomotor activity regulation. Physiol Res 2018; 66:S443-S455. [PMID: 29355372 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
M(4) muscarinic receptors (M(4) MR) represent a subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors serving a substantial role in spontaneous locomotor activity regulation, cognition and modulation of cholinergic system. With increasing body of literature discussing the role of M(4) MR some controversies arose. Thus, we try here to summarize the current evidence regarding the M(4) MR, with the special focus on their role in Locomotor activity control. We review the molecular function of M(4) MR in specific brain areas implicated in locomotor regulation, and shortly in other CNS processes that could be connected to locomotor activity. We also focus on brain areas implicated in locomotor activity biorhythm changes like suprachiasmatic nucleus, subparaventricular zone posterior hypothalamic area, striatum and thalamus. Gender-related aspects and differences in locomotor activity in males and females are discussed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Myslivecek
- Institute of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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41
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Eban-Rothschild A, Appelbaum L, de Lecea L. Neuronal Mechanisms for Sleep/Wake Regulation and Modulatory Drive. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:937-952. [PMID: 29206811 PMCID: PMC5854814 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans have been fascinated by sleep for millennia. After almost a century of scientific interrogation, significant progress has been made in understanding the neuronal regulation and functions of sleep. The application of new methods in neuroscience that enable the analysis of genetically defined neuronal circuits with unprecedented specificity and precision has been paramount in this endeavor. In this review, we first discuss electrophysiological and behavioral features of sleep/wake states and the principal neuronal populations involved in their regulation. Next, we describe the main modulatory drives of sleep and wakefulness, including homeostatic, circadian, and motivational processes. Finally, we describe a revised integrative model for sleep/wake regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lior Appelbaum
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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42
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Photoperiod-Induced Neuroplasticity in the Circadian System. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5147585. [PMID: 29681926 PMCID: PMC5851158 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5147585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal changes in light exposure have profound effects on behavioral and physiological functions in many species, including effects on mood and cognitive function in humans. The mammalian brain's master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), transmits information about external light conditions to other brain regions, including some implicated in mood and cognition. Although the detailed mechanisms are not yet known, the SCN undergoes highly plastic changes at the cellular and network levels under different light conditions. We therefore propose that the SCN may be an essential mediator of the effects of seasonal changes of day length on mental health. In this review, we explore various forms of neuroplasticity that occur in the SCN and other brain regions to facilitate seasonal adaptation, particularly altered phase distribution of cellular circadian oscillators in the SCN and changes in hypothalamic neurotransmitter expression.
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43
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Luo S, Zhang Y, Ezrokhi M, Li Y, Tsai T, Cincotta AH. Circadian peak dopaminergic activity response at the biological clock pacemaker (suprachiasmatic nucleus) area mediates the metabolic responsiveness to a high-fat diet. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12563. [PMID: 29224246 PMCID: PMC5817247 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among vertebrate species of the major vertebrate classes in the wild, a seasonal rhythm of whole body fuel metabolism, oscillating from a lean to obese condition, is a common biological phenomenon. This annual cycle is driven in part by annual changes in the circadian dopaminergic signalling at the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), with diminution of circadian peak dopaminergic activity at the SCN facilitating development of the seasonal obese insulin-resistant condition. The present study investigated whether such an ancient circadian dopamine-SCN activity system for expression of the seasonal obese, insulin-resistant phenotype may be operative in animals made obese amd insulin resistant by high-fat feeding and, if so, whether reinstatement of the circadian dopaminergic peak at the SCN would be sufficient to reverse the adverse metabolic impact of the high-fat diet without any alteration of caloric intake. First, we identified the supramammillary nucleus as a novel site providing the majority of dopaminergic neuronal input to the SCN. We further identified dopamine D2 receptors within the peri-SCN region as being functional in mediating SCN responsiveness to local dopamine. In lean, insulin-sensitive rats, the peak in the circadian rhythm of dopamine release at the peri-SCN coincided with the daily peak in SCN electrophysiological responsiveness to local dopamine administration. However, in rats made obese and insulin resistant by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, these coincident circadian peak activities were both markedly attenuated or abolished. Reinstatement of the circadian peak in dopamine level at the peri-SCN by its appropriate circadian-timed daily microinjection to this area (but not outside this circadian time-interval) abrogated the obese, insulin-resistant condition without altering the consumption of the HFD. These findings suggest that the circadian peak of dopaminergic activity at the peri-SCN/SCN is a key modulator of metabolism and the responsiveness to adverse metabolic consequences of HFD consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Luo
- VeroScience LLCTivertonRIUSA
| | | | | | - Y. Li
- VeroScience LLCTivertonRIUSA
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44
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Circadian Rhythm Disturbances in Mood Disorders: Insights into the Role of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:1504507. [PMID: 29230328 PMCID: PMC5694588 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1504507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbances are a common symptom among individuals with mood disorders. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), in the ventral part of the anterior hypothalamus, orchestrates physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms. The SCN consists of self-sustaining oscillators and receives photic and nonphotic cues, which entrain the SCN to the external environment. In turn, through synaptic and hormonal mechanisms, the SCN can drive and synchronize circadian rhythms in extra-SCN brain regions and peripheral tissues. Thus, genetic or environmental perturbations of SCN rhythms could disrupt brain regions more closely related to mood regulation and cause mood disturbances. Here, we review clinical and preclinical studies that provide evidence both for and against a causal role for the SCN in mood disorders.
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45
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Scammell TE, Arrigoni E, Lipton JO. Neural Circuitry of Wakefulness and Sleep. Neuron 2017; 93:747-765. [PMID: 28231463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sleep remains one of the most mysterious yet ubiquitous animal behaviors. We review current perspectives on the neural systems that regulate sleep/wake states in mammals and the circadian mechanisms that control their timing. We also outline key models for the regulation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep, how mutual inhibition between specific pathways gives rise to these distinct states, and how dysfunction in these circuits can give rise to sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Scammell
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan O Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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46
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Van Erum J, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP. Sleep and Alzheimer's disease: A pivotal role for the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 40:17-27. [PMID: 29102282 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which accounts for most of the dementia cases, is, aside from cognitive deterioration, often characterized by the presence of non-cognitive symptoms. Society is desperately in need for interventions that alleviate the economic and social burden related to AD. Circadian dysrhythmia, one of these symptoms in particular, immensely decreases the self-care ability of AD patients and is one of the main reasons of caregiver exhaustion. Studies suggest that these circadian disturbances form the root of sleep-wake problems, diagnosed in more than half of AD patients. Sleep abnormalities have generally been considered merely a consequence of AD pathology. Recent evidence suggests that a bidirectional relationship exists between sleep and AD, and that poor sleep might negatively impact amyloid burden, as well as cognition. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the main circadian pacemaker, is subjected to several alterations during the course of the disease. Its functional deterioration might fulfill a crucial role in the relation between AD pathophysiology and the development of sleep abnormalities. This review aims to give a concise overview of the anatomy and physiology of the SCN, address how AD pathology precisely impacts the SCN and to what degree these alterations can contribute to the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van Erum
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic of Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.
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47
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Guo ZZ, Jiang SM, Zeng LP, Tang L, Li N, Xu ZP, Wei X. ipRGCs: possible causation accounts for the higher prevalence of sleep disorders in glaucoma patients. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1163-1167. [PMID: 28730123 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.07.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep accounts for a third of one's lifetime, partial or complete deprivation of sleep could elicit sever disorders of body function. Previous studies have reported the higher prevalence of sleep disorders in glaucoma patients, but the definite mechanism for this phenomenon is unknown. On the other hand, it is well known by us that the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) serve additional ocular functions, called non-image-forming (NIF) functions, in the regulation of circadian rhythm, melatonin secretion, sleep, mood and others. Specifically, ipRGCs can directly or indirectly innervate the central areas such as suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), downstream pineal gland (the origin of melatonin), sleep and wake-inducing centers and mood regulation areas, making NIF functions of ipRGCs relate to sleep. The more interesting thing is that previous research showed glaucoma not only affected visual functions such as the degeneration of classical retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), but also affected ipRGCs. Therefore, we hypothesize that higher prevalence of sleep disorders in glaucoma patients maybe result from the underlying glaucomatous injuries of ipRGCs leading to the abnormalities of diverse NIF functions corresponding to sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shan-Ming Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhu-Ping Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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48
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Eban-Rothschild A, Giardino WJ, de Lecea L. To sleep or not to sleep: neuronal and ecological insights. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 44:132-138. [PMID: 28500869 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Daily, animals need to decide when to stop engaging in cognitive processes and behavioral responses to the environment, and go to sleep. The main processes regulating the daily organization of sleep and wakefulness are circadian rhythms and homeostatic sleep pressure. In addition, motivational processes such as food seeking and predator evasion can modulate sleep/wake behaviors. Here, we discuss the principal processes regulating the propensity to stay awake or go to sleep-focusing on neuronal and behavioral aspects. We first introduce the neuronal populations involved in sleep/wake regulation. Next, we describe the circadian and homeostatic drives for sleep. Then, we highlight studies demonstrating various effects of motivational processes on sleep/wake behaviors, and discuss possible neuronal mechanisms underlying their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Eban-Rothschild
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - William J Giardino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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49
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Zhong H, Tong L, Gu N, Gao F, Lu Y, Xie RG, Liu J, Li X, Bergeron R, Pomeranz LE, Mackie K, Wang F, Luo CX, Ren Y, Wu SX, Xie Z, Xu L, Li J, Dong H, Xiong L, Zhang X. Endocannabinoid signaling in hypothalamic circuits regulates arousal from general anesthesia in mice. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2295-2309. [PMID: 28463228 DOI: 10.1172/jci91038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consciousness can be defined by two major attributes: awareness of environment and self, and arousal, which reflects the level of awareness. The return of arousal after general anesthesia presents an experimental tool for probing the neural mechanisms that control consciousness. Here we have identified that systemic or intracerebral injection of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) antagonist AM281 into the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) - but not the adjacent perifornical area (Pef) or the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus (VLPO) - accelerates arousal in mice recovering from general anesthesia. Anesthetics selectively activated endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling at DMH glutamatergic but not GABAergic synapses, leading to suppression of both glutamatergic DMH-Pef and GABAergic DMH-VLPO projections. Deletion of CB1R from widespread cerebral cortical or prefrontal cortical (PFC) glutamatergic neurons, including those innervating the DMH, mimicked the arousal-accelerating effects of AM281. In contrast, CB1R deletion from brain GABAergic neurons or hypothalamic glutamatergic neurons did not affect recovery time from anesthesia. Inactivation of PFC-DMH, DMH-VLPO, or DMH-Pef projections blocked AM281-accelerated arousal, whereas activation of these projections mimicked the effects of AM281. We propose that decreased eCB signaling at glutamatergic terminals of the PFC-DMH projection accelerates arousal from general anesthesia through enhancement of the excitatory DMH-Pef projection, the inhibitory DMH-VLPO projection, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Zhong
- Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, and.,Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Tong
- Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, and.,Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, and.,Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fang Gao
- Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, and.,Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurobiology, and
| | - Yacheng Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rou-Gang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurobiology, and
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, and.,Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Richard Bergeron
- Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa E Pomeranz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, and.,Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, and
| | - Yan Ren
- Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, and
| | | | - Zhongcong Xie
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Lab of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Jinlian Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, and.,Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Cowan M, Azpeleta C, López-Olmeda JF. Rhythms in the endocrine system of fish: a review. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 187:1057-1089. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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