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Bedrossiantz J, Bellot M, Dominguez-García P, Faria M, Prats E, Gómez-Canela C, López-Arnau R, Escubedo E, Raldúa D. A Zebrafish Model of Neurotoxicity by Binge-Like Methamphetamine Exposure. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:770319. [PMID: 34880760 PMCID: PMC8646101 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.770319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a common confounding factor for assessing the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (METH) in mammalian models. The development of new models of methamphetamine neurotoxicity using vertebrate poikilothermic animals should allow to overcome this problem. The aim of the present study was to develop a zebrafish model of neurotoxicity by binge-like methamphetamine exposure. After an initial testing at 20 and 40 mg/L for 48 h, the later METH concentration was selected for developing the model and the effects on the brain monoaminergic profile, locomotor, anxiety-like and social behaviors as well as on the expression of key genes of the catecholaminergic system were determined. A concentration- and time-dependent decrease in the brain levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) was found in METH-exposed fish. A significant hyperactivity was found during the first hour of exposure, followed 3 h after by a positive geotaxis and negative scototaxis in the novel tank and in the light/dark paradigm, respectively. Moreover, the behavioral phenotype in the treated fish was consistent with social isolation. At transcriptional level, th1 and slc18a2 (vmat2) exhibited a significant increase after 3 h of exposure, whereas the expression of gfap, a marker of astroglial response to neuronal injury, was strongly increased after 48 h exposure. However, no evidences of oxidative stress were found in the brain of the treated fish. Altogether, this study demonstrates the suitability of the adult zebrafish as a model of METH-induced neurotoxicity and provides more information about the biochemical and behavioral consequences of METH abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bellot
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (Chromatography Section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Dominguez-García
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (Chromatography Section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melissa Faria
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (Chromatography Section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul López-Arnau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Escubedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Kowsari G, Mehrabi S, Soleimani Asl S, Pourhamzeh M, Mousavizadeh K, Mehdizadeh M. Nicotine and modafinil combination protects against the neurotoxicity induced by 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine in hippocampal neurons of male rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 116:101986. [PMID: 34119664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a common recreational drug of abuse which causes neurodegeneration. Nicotine and modafinil provide antioxidant and neuroprotective properties and may be beneficial in the management of MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to characterize how acute and chronic administration of nicotine and/or modafinil exert protective effects against the MDMA-induced impaired cognitive performance, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss. Adult male rats were divided into three groups, namely control, MDMA and treatment (modafinil and/or nicotine). MDMA (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally during a three-week schedule (two times/day for two consecutive days/week). The treated-groups were classified based on the acute or chronic status of treatment. In the groups which underwent acute treatments, nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) and/or modafinil (100 mg/kg) were injected just prior to the MDMA administration (acute nicotine (NA), acute modafinil (MA), and acute nicotine and modafinil (NMA)). In the rats which received chronic treatments, nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) and/or modafinil (100 mg/kg) were injected every day during the three week-schedule administration of MDMA (chronic nicotine (NC), chronic modafinil (MC), and chronic nicotine and modafinil (NMC)). Learning and memory performance, as well as avoidance response, were assessed by Morris water maze and Shuttle box, respectively. Our findings indicate enhanced learning and memory and avoidance response in the NMC group. By TUNEL test and Cresyl Violet staining we evaluated neuronal loss and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 and found increased neuronal viability in the NMC group. On the other hand, chronic administration of modafinil and nicotine significantly down-regulated the caspase 3 and up-regulated both BDNF and TrkB levels in the MDMA-received rats. The serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated and we found that the alterations of serum levels of GPx and TAC were considerably prevented in the NMC group. The overall results indicate that nicotine and modafinil co-administration rescued brain from MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. We suggest that nicotine and modafinil combination therapy could be considered as a possible treatment to reduce the neurological disorders induced by MDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golshad Kowsari
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Mehrabi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Mousavizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Iamjan SA, Thanoi S, Watiktinkorn P, Fachim H, Dalton CF, Nudmamud-Thanoi S, Reynolds GP. Changes of BDNF exon IV DNA methylation are associated with methamphetamine dependence. Epigenomics 2021; 13:953-965. [PMID: 34008409 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated DNA methylation of BDNF in methamphetamine (METH) dependence in humans and an animal model. Materials & methods: BDNF methylation at exon IV was determined by pyrosequencing of blood DNA from METH-dependent and control subjects, and from rat brain following an escalating dose of METH or vehicle. Bdnf expression was determined in rat brain. Results: BDNF methylation was increased in human METH dependence, greatest in subjects with psychosis and in prefrontal cortex of METH-administered rats; rat hippocampus showed reduced Bdnf methylation and increased gene expression. Conclusion: BDNF methylation is abnormal in human METH dependence, especially METH-dependent psychosis, and in METH-administered rats. This may influence BDNF expression and contribute to the neurotoxic effects of METH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri-Arun Iamjan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Samur Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | | | - Helene Fachim
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
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4
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The acute effects of multiple doses of methamphetamine on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent and adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113186. [PMID: 33607162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychomotor stimulant drug. Research has shown that the acute effects of MA can be modulated by age, although previous findings from our lab do not find age differences in the effects of MA. Relatively little research has examined the effects of adolescent MA exposure; thus, it is important to understand how MA affects adolescent behavior and brain function compared to adults. In order to better understand the age differences in the effects of acute MA exposure, this research examined the effects of MA exposure on locomotor and anxiety-like behavior and plasma corticosterone levels in adolescent and adult C57BL/6 J mice. Mice were exposed to saline, 2 mg/kg MA, or 4 mg/kg MA and behavior was measured in the open field test. Immediately following behavioral testing, serum was collected, and plasma corticosterone levels were measured. MA-exposed mice showed increased locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior compared to saline controls, regardless of age and dose of MA. However, adolescent mice showed the greatest locomotor response to the high dose of MA (4 mg/kg), whereas the adult mice showed the greatest locomotor response to the low dose of MA (2 mg/kg). There were no differences in stereotyped behavior between the adolescent and adult mice exposed to the low dose of MA (2 mg/kg) and the high dose of MA (4 mg/kg). There was no effect of MA exposure on plasma corticosterone levels. These data suggest age modulates the locomotor response to MA and further research is warranted to determine the developmental neurobiological mechanism underlying the dose-response age differences in the response to acute MA exposure.
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5
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Schweppe CA, Burzynski C, Jayanthi S, Ladenheim B, Cadet JL, Gardner EL, Xi ZX, van Praag H, Newman AH, Keck TM. Neurochemical and behavioral comparisons of contingent and non-contingent methamphetamine exposure following binge or yoked long-access self-administration paradigms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1989-2005. [PMID: 32388619 PMCID: PMC7974824 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Abuse of the psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH) can cause long-lasting damage to brain monoaminergic systems and is associated with profound mental health problems for users, including lasting cognitive impairments. Animal models of METH exposure have been useful in dissecting the molecular effects of the drug on cognition, but many studies use acute, non-contingent "binge" administrations of METH which do not adequately approximate human METH use. Long-term METH exposure via long-access (LgA) self-administration paradigms has been proposed to more closely reflect human use and induce cognitive impairments. OBJECTIVE To better understand the role of contingency and patterns of exposure in METH-induced cognitive impairments, we analyzed behavioral and neurochemical outcomes in adult male rats, comparing non-contingent "binge" METH administration with contingent (LgA) METH self-administration and non-contingent yoked partners. RESULTS Binge METH (40 mg/kg, i.p., over 1 day) dramatically altered striatal and hippocampal dopamine, DOPAC, 5-HT, 5-HIAA, BDNF, and TrkB 75 days after drug exposure. In contrast, 6-h LgA METH self-administration (cumulative 24.8-48.9 mg METH, i.v., over 16 days) altered hippocampal BDNF in both contingent and yoked animals but reduced striatal 5-HIAA in only contingent animals. Neurochemical alterations following binge METH administration were not accompanied by cognitive deficits in Morris water maze, novel object recognition, or Y-maze tests. However, contingent LgA METH self-administration resulted in impaired spatial memory in the water maze. CONCLUSIONS Overall, substantial differences in neurochemical markers between METH exposure and self-administration paradigms did not consistently translate to deficits in cognitive tasks, highlighting the complexity of correlating METH-induced neurochemical changes with cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Schweppe
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA,Present address: Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, 635 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Bruce Ladenheim
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eliot L. Gardner
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA,Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Thomas M. Keck
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
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6
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Salehzadeh SA, Mohammadian A, Salimi F. Effect of chronic methamphetamine injection on levels of BDNF mRNA and its CpG island methylation in prefrontal cortex of rats. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 48:101884. [PMID: 31830601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant. Its abuse causes problems in cognition, attention, or psychiatric conditions such as psychosis. Prefrontal cortex is involved in many aspects of drug addiction and in mental disorders similar to those triggered by METH. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), plays important roles in modulating different aspects of addiction, and is implicated in psychiatric conditions reminiscent of those suffered by METH-abusers. Male Wistar rats were intra-peritoneally injected with METH (8 mg/kg/day) for 14 days while control group received normal saline. After extraction of prefrontal cortices, expression of BDNF IV splice variant and methylation level of its CpG island were evaluated. The relative expression of BDNF IV in METH-treated group was 2.15 fold higher than the control group. Seven out of 29 CpG sites were significantly hypomethylated in the METH group, although none survived Bonferroni adjustment. However, the overall methylation level of the 29 CpGs was significantly lower in METH cases than in controls. We discuss the importance of our results and its implications in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Salehzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Moreira da Silva Santos A, Gorman AM, Kelly JP, Doyle KM. Time and region-dependent manner of increased brain derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB in rat brain after binge-like methamphetamine exposure. Neurosci Lett 2020; 715:134606. [PMID: 31693929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA), a synthetic derivate of amphetamine, has become a major drug of abuse worldwide. This study investigated the effect of binge-like MA dosing (4 x 4 mg/kg, s.c., 2 h (h) apart) at a range of different time points (from 2 h to 7 days after treatment) on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and its receptors, TrkB and p75NTR. BDNF levels were significantly increased in the frontal cortex from 2 to 36 h after treatment, returning to normal within 48 h after treatment. In the striatum, BDNF expression was increased at 12 and 24 h after binge-like MA treatment and had returned to normal at 36 h. Increased expression of the TrkB receptor was observed in the frontal cortex at 2, 24 and 48 h after MA treatment and in the striatum at 24 and 48 h after the MA regimen. A significant increase in the p75NTR receptor was also noted in the striatum but not the frontal cortex, and it was less pronounced than the effect on TrkB receptor expression. These findings show that the binge-like regimen of MA affects expression of BDNF and its receptors, particularly the TrkB receptor, in a time and region dependent manner, and highlights the importance of the frontal cortex and the striatum in the response following MA binge-like dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Moreira da Silva Santos
- School of Medicine and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centro Universitário Unievangélica, Anápolis - GO CEP: 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- School of Natural Sciences and Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - John P Kelly
- School of Medicine and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karen M Doyle
- School of Medicine and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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8
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Seyedhosseini Tamijani SM, Beirami E, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Thyroid hormone treatment alleviates the impairments of neurogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and memory performance induced by methamphetamine. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:7-18. [PMID: 31075280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic use of methamphetamine (MA), a neurotoxic psychostimulant, leads to long-lasting cognitive dysfunctions in humans and animal models. Thyroid hormones (THs) have several physiological actions and are crucial for normal behavioral, intellectual and neurological development. Considering the importance of THs in the cognitive processes, the present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of THs on cognitive and neurological impairments induced by MA. Escalating doses of MA (1-10 mg/kg, IP) were injected twice daily for 10 consecutive days in rats and cognitive functions were evaluated using behavioral tests. The expression of factors involved in neurogenesis (NES and DCX), mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, NRF-1, and TFAM), neuroinflammation (GFAP, Iba-1, and COX-2) as well as Reelin and NT-3 (synaptic plasticity and neurotrophic factor, respectively) was measured in the hippocampus of MA-treated animals. The effects of three different doses of T4 (20, 40 or 80 μg/kg; intraperitoneally) or T3 (20, 40 or 80 μg/rat; 2.5 μl/nostril; intranasal) treatment, once a day for one week after MA cessation, were assessed in MA-treated rats. After the last behavioral test, serum T4 and T3 levels were measured using radioimmunoassay. The results revealed that repeated escalating regimen of MA impaired cognitive functions concomitant with neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity impairments, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. T4 or T3 treatment partially decreased the alterations induced by MA. These findings suggest that THs can be considered as potential candidates for the reduction of MA abuse related neurocognitive disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Masoumeh Seyedhosseini Tamijani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elmira Beirami
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Shahidi S, Mehrpour O, Sadeghian R, Soleimani Asl S, Komaki A. Alteration level of hippocampus BDNF expression and long-term potentiation upon microinjection of BRL15572 hydrochloride in a rat model of methamphetamine relapse. Brain Res Bull 2019; 148:18-24. [PMID: 30904722 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) relapse affects the function of the serotonergic system, which this system important for synaptic plasticity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level. While there is a clear distribution of serotonin receptors in the reward and memory areas but the function of 5-HT1D receptor isn't known. This article assessed effects of BRL15572 hydrochloride (5-HT1D receptor antagonist) on behavior, long-term potentiation (LTP), and BDNF level in reinstated METH-rats. Conditioned place preference was induced by injecting METH (5 mg/kg; i.p.) or saline on the conditioning days. On the last day of extinction, they received priming METH [simultaneously with BRL (2 μg/5 μl; i.c.v.) or vehicle] or saline or saline + vehicle. Preference scores, LTP components and expression of BDNF were measured on the following day. The preference score of METH treatment increased dramatically more than the sham group and co-administration of BRL + METH couldn't decrease the preference score than the METH group. Also, METH treatment increased the population spike relative to the sham group, whereas the treatment METH + BRL attenuated this parameter than METH group. Furthermore, BDNF expression significantly increased in the METH group although it decreased markedly upon treatment with BRL. These results suggest that future studies should evaluate the potential of 5-HT1D antagonist for METH-reinstatement behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Reihaneh Sadeghian
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Anatomy Departments, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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10
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Moreira da Silva Santos A, Kelly JP, Dockery P, Doyle KM. Effect of a binge-like dosing regimen of methamphetamine on dopamine levels and tyrosine hydroxylase expressing neurons in the rat brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:303-309. [PMID: 30296469 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine, an amphetamine derivative, is a powerful psychomotor stimulant and commonly used drug of abuse. This study examined the effect of binge-like methamphetamine (MA) dosing (4 × 4 mg/kg, s.c., 2 h apart) on regional dopamine and dopaminergic metabolite levels in rat brain at a range of early time points after final dose (2-48 h). Body temperature was elevated when measured 2 h after the last dose. MA increased dopamine levels in the frontal cortex 2 and 24 h after the last dose. The dopamine level was also increased in the amygdala at 24 h. No change was observed in the striatum at any time point, but levels of the dopamine metabolite DOPAC were markedly reduced at 24 and 48 h. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression is induced downstream of dopamine activity, and it is the rate limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. The effect of MA binge-like dosing on the volume of tyrosine hydroxylase containing cell bodies and the area fraction of tyrosine hydroxylase containing fibres was also assessed. MA increased the area fraction of tyrosine hydroxylase fibres in the frontal cortex and reduced the volume of tyrosine hydroxylase containing cell bodies 2 h after last dose in the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra. An increase in cell body volume in the substantia nigra was observed 48 h after treatment. These findings collectively highlight the importance of the dopaminergic system in methamphetamine induced effects, identify the frontal cortex, amygdala and striatum as key regions that undergo early changes in response to binge-like methamphetamine dosing and provide evidence of time-dependent effects on the cell bodies and fibres of tyrosine hydroxylase expressing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Moreira da Silva Santos
- School of Medicine and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centro Universitário Unievangélica, Anápolis - GO CEP, 75083-515, Brazil
| | - John P Kelly
- School of Medicine and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Dockery
- School of Medicine and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karen M Doyle
- School of Medicine and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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11
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Bristot G, Ascoli BM, Scotton E, Géa LP, Pfaffenseller B, Kauer-Sant'Anna M. Effects of lithium on inflammatory and neurotrophic factors after an immune challenge in a lisdexamfetamine animal model of mania. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 41:419-427. [PMID: 30843957 PMCID: PMC6796815 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate whether an animal model of mania induced by lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) has an inflammatory profile and whether immune activation by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) has a cumulative effect on subsequent stimuli in this model. We also evaluated the action of lithium (Li) on inflammatory and neurotrophic factors. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to an animal model of mania. After the open-field test, they were given LPS to induce systemic immune activation. Subsequently, the animals’ blood was collected, and their serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]) were measured. Results: LDX induced hyperactivity in the animals, but no inflammatory marker levels increased except brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Li had no effect on serum BDNF levels but prevented iNOS levels from increasing in animals subjected to immune activation. Conclusion: Although Li prevented an LPS-induced increase in serum iNOS levels, its potential anti-inflammatory effects in this animal model of mania were conflicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Bristot
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna M Ascoli
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ellen Scotton
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza P Géa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pfaffenseller
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Kauer-Sant'Anna
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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12
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Struntz KH, Siegel JA. Effects of methamphetamine exposure on anxiety-like behavior in the open field test, corticosterone, and hippocampal tyrosine hydroxylase in adolescent and adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:211-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Moreira da Silva Santos A, Kelly JP, Doyle KM. Dose-Dependent Effects of Binge-Like Methamphetamine Dosing on Dopamine and Neurotrophin Levels in Rat Brain. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 75:63-71. [PMID: 29065400 DOI: 10.1159/000480513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acute effect of a dose range of low-to-moderate binge-like methamphetamine treatments on the regional expression of neurotrophin proteins in the brain and serum 2 h after the last dose, in addition to assessing the behavioural effects and dopamine neurotransmitter changes produced. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 4 subcutaneous doses of methamphetamine (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg, or saline as a control) 2 h apart. Methamphetamine had a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on locomotor activity over the 8 h of observation. A significant increase in dopamine concentration was observed in the frontal cortex with the highest dose of methamphetamine (2 h after the last dose). This effect was dose- and region-specific, as no significant increase was observed with lower doses, nor was a significant change observed in any other brain region tested. A similar dose- and region-specific increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was observed in the frontal cortex with the highest-dose regimen. No significant change occurred with lower doses of methamphetamine, or in any other brain region tested. A reduction in BDNF levels in the serum was also observed with the highest concentration, but not with lower doses. Collectively, this data highlights the importance of the frontal cortex in methamphetamine-induced effects, and also the similar dose-response effect of methamphetamine on dopamine and BDNF expression.
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14
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Valian N, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Increasing methamphetamine doses inhibit glycogen synthase kinase 3β activity by stimulating the insulin signaling pathway in substantia nigra. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8522-8530. [PMID: 30011098 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA), a highly abused psychostimulant, exerts neurotoxic effects on the dopaminergic system via several neurotoxicity mechanisms in the long-term administration. Since the effect of MA on the signaling insulin pathway is less studied, the current study was designed to evaluate the effect of escalating an MA regimen on different insulin signaling elements in substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of a rat. Increasing MA doses (1-14 mg/kg) were administrated intraperitoneally twice a day for 14 days in rats. In the control group, normal saline was injected in the same volume. On days 1, 14, 28, and 60 after MA discontinuation, molecular assessments were performed. Insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and 2 gene expression were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), phospho-PI3K, Akt, phospho-Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and phospho-GSK3β were measured by the Western blot analysis in SN and striatum. Messenger RNA levels of IR and insulin receptor substrate 2 were increased in SN, 1 day after the last injection. Although no changes were observed in PI3K, phospho-PI3K, Akt, phospho-Akt, and GSK3β levels, increase in the level of inactive form of GSK3β (phosphorylated on serine 9) was indicated in SN on day 28. In striatum, decreases in IR and phospho-Akt were demonstrated, without any change in other elements. Repeated escalating regimen of MA activated the insulin signaling pathway and inhibited GSK3β activity in SN. This response, which did not occur in striatum, may act as an adaptive mechanism to prevent MA-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic cell bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Valian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University ofMedical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Nookala AR, Schwartz DC, Chaudhari NS, Glazyrin A, Stephens EB, Berman NEJ, Kumar A. Methamphetamine augment HIV-1 Tat mediated memory deficits by altering the expression of synaptic proteins and neurotrophic factors. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 71:37-51. [PMID: 29729322 PMCID: PMC6003882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is common among individuals infected with HIV-1 and has been shown to affect HIV replication and pathogenesis. These HIV-1 infected individuals also exhibit greater neuronal injury and higher cognitive decline. HIV-1 proteins, specifically gp120 and HIV-1 Tat, have been earlier shown to affect neurocognition. HIV-1 Tat, a viral protein released early during HIV-1 replication, contributes to HIV-associated neurotoxicity through various mechanisms including production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and dysregulation of neuroplasticity. However, the combined effect of METH and HIV-1 Tat on neurocognition and its potential effect on neuroplasticity mechanisms remains largely unknown. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the combined effect of METH and HIV-1 Tat on behavior and on the expression of neuroplasticity markers by utilizing Doxycycline (DOX)-inducible HIV-1 Tat (1-86) transgenic mice. Expression of Tat in various brain regions of these mice was confirmed by RT-PCR. The mice were administered with an escalating dose of METH (0.1 mg/kg to 6 mg/kg, i.p) over a 7-day period, followed by 6 mg/kg, i.p METH twice a day for four weeks. After three weeks of METH administration, Y maze and Morris water maze assays were performed to determine the effect of Tat and METH on working and spatial memory, respectively. Compared with controls, working memory was significantly decreased in Tat mice that were administered METH. Moreover, significant deficits in spatial memory were also observed in Tat-Tg mice that were administered METH. A significant reduction in the protein expressions of synapsin 1, synaptophysin, Arg3.1, PSD-95, and BDNF in different brain regions were also observed. Expression levels of Calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), a marker of synaptodendritic integrity, were also significantly decreased in HIV-1 Tat mice that were treated with METH. Together, this data suggests that METH enhances HIV-1 Tat-induced memory deficits by reducing the expression of pre- and postsynaptic proteins and neuroplasticity markers, thus providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms behind neurocognitive impairments in HIV-infected amphetamine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Ram Nookala
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Daniel C. Schwartz
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Nitish S. Chaudhari
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Alexy Glazyrin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Edward B. Stephens
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nancy E. J. Berman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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16
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Baker EP, Magnuson EC, Dahly AM, Siegel JA. The effects of enriched environment on the behavioral and corticosterone response to methamphetamine in adolescent and adult mice. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:664-673. [PMID: 29738077 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine alters behavior and the stress response system. Relatively little research has examined the effects of methamphetamine in adolescents and compared these effects to those in adults. Housing in enriched environments has been explored as one way to protect against the effects of methamphetamine, but the findings are conflicting and no study has examined how enriched environment may alter the behavioral and corticosterone responses to methamphetamine in adolescent and adult rodents. We examined the long-term effects of methamphetamine exposure on anxiety, social behavior, behavioral despair, and corticosterone levels in adolescent and adult mice housed in enriched or isolated environments. Enriched environment did not alter the behavioral or corticosterone response to methamphetamine. Methamphetamine exposure decreased anxiety and increased behavioral despair in adult mice, but methamphetamine did not alter behavior in adolescent mice. There was no effect of methamphetamine on social behavior or corticosterone levels. Our findings demonstrate that the specific environmental enrichment paradigm used in this study was not sufficient to mitigate the behavioral effects of methamphetamine and that adolescent mice are relatively resistant to the effects of methamphetamine compared to adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Elliott C Magnuson
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Ashley M Dahly
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Jessica A Siegel
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
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17
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Methamphetamine binge administration during late adolescence induced enduring hippocampal cell damage following prolonged withdrawal in rats. Neurotoxicology 2018; 66:1-9. [PMID: 29501631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A recent study from our laboratory demonstrated that binge methamphetamine induced hippocampal cell damage (i.e., impaired cell genesis) in rats when administered specifically during late adolescence (postnatal day, PND 54-57) and evaluated 24 h later (PND 58). The results also suggested a possible role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulating cell genesis and survival. This subsequent study evaluated whether these effects persisted in time as measured following prolonged withdrawal. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated (i.p.) with BrdU (2 × 50 mg/kg, 3 days, PND 48-50) followed by a binge paradigm (3 pulses/day, every 3 h, 4 days, PND 54-57) of methamphetamine (5 mg/kg, n = 14, M) or saline (0.9% NaCl, 1 ml/kg, n = 12, C). Following 34 days of forced withdrawal (PND 91), rats were killed 45 min after a challenge dose of saline (Sal: C-Sal, n = 6; M-Sal, n = 7) or methamphetamine (Meth: C-Meth, n = 6; M-Meth, n = 7). Neurogenesis markers (Ki-67: cell proliferation; NeuroD: early neuronal survival; BrdU: prolonged cell survival, 41-43 days old cells) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry while neuroplasticity markers (BDNF and Fos forms) were evaluated by Western blot. The main results showed that a history of methamphetamine administration (PND 54-57) induced enduring hippocampal cell damage (i.e., observed on PND 91) by decreasing cell survival (BrdU + cells) and mature-BDNF (m-BDNF) protein content, associated with neuronal survival, growth and differentiation. Interestingly, m-BDNF regulation paralleled hippocampal c-Fos protein content, indicating decreased neuronal activity, and thus reinforcing the persisting negative effects induced by methamphetamine in rat hippocampus following prolonged withdrawal.
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18
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The effect of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine on expression of neurotrophic factors in hippocampus of male rats. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2018; 31:60. [PMID: 29445689 PMCID: PMC5804417 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.31.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a chemical derivative of amphetamine that can induce learning
and memory impairment. Due to the effect of neurotrophins on memory and learning, the impact of MDMA was evaluated on the
brain - derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin- 4 (NT-4), and tropomyosin- related kinase B (Trk- β) expression in the
hippocampus.
Methods: In this study, 20 adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) received saline (1 mL) or 10 mg/kg of MDMA intraperitoneally as
single or multiple injection for 2 consecutive days per week for 2 months. Expression of BDNF, Trk-β, and NT4 were assessed using
Western blotting and RT PCR methods.
Results: Our results revealed that the expression of BDNF, Trk- β, and NT4 proteins and genes significantly decreased in MDMA
groups compared to the sham group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the acute group showed the lowest expression of these proteins.
Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that ecstasy administration may downregulate the expression of BDNF, Trk- β,
and NT-4 in hippocampus, which is more extensive in case of acute treatment. It seems that in the chronic group, hippocampus was
able to compensate the ecstasy- induced neurotoxicity.
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19
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Effects of adolescent methamphetamine and nicotine exposure on behavioral performance and MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 323:78-85. [PMID: 28089854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (MA) exposure in the developing and adult brain can lead to behavioral alterations and cognitive deficits in adults. Previous increases in the rates of adolescent MA use necessitate that we understand the behavioral and cognitive effects of MA exposure during adolescence on the adolescent brain. Adolescents using MA exhibit high rates of nicotine (NIC) use, but the effects of concurrent MA and NIC in the adolescent brain have not been examined, and it is unknown if NIC mediates any of the effects of MA in the adolescent. In this study, the long-term effects of a neurotoxic dose of MA with or without NIC exposure during early adolescence (postnatal day 30-31) were examined later in adolescence (postnatal day 41-50) in male C57BL/6J mice. Effects on behavioral performance in the open field, Porsolt forced swim test, and conditioned place preference test, and cognitive performance in the novel object recognition test and Morris water maze were assessed. Additionally, the effects of MA and/or NIC on levels of microtubule associated-2 (MAP-2) protein in the nucleus accumbens and plasma corticosterone were examined. MA and NIC exposure during early adolescence separately decreased anxiety-like behavior in the open field test, which was not seen following co-administration of MA/NIC. There was no significant effect of early adolescent MA and/or NIC exposure on the intensity of MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens or on plasma corticosterone levels. These results show that early adolescent MA and NIC exposure separately decrease anxiety-like behavior in the open field, and that concurrent MA and NIC exposure does not induce the same behavioral change as either drug alone.
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Valian N, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Escalating Methamphetamine Regimen Induces Compensatory Mechanisms, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and GDNF Expression, in Substantia Nigra. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1369-1378. [PMID: 27862224 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) produces long-lasting deficits in dopaminergic neurons in the long-term use via several neurotoxic mechanisms. The effects of MA on mitochondrial biogenesis is less studied currently. So, we evaluated the effects of repeated escalating MA regimen on transcriptional factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression in substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of rat. In male Wistar rats, increasing doses of MA (1-14 mg/kg) were administrated twice a day for 14 days. At the 1st, 14th, 28th, and 60th days after MA discontinuation, we measured the PGC1α, TFAM and NRF1 mRNA levels, indicator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and GDNF expression in SN and striatum. Furthermore, we evaluated the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Iba1 mRNA levels, and the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α-synuclein (α-syn) using immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We detected increments in PGC1α and TFAM mRNA levels in SN, but not striatum, and elevations in GDNF levels in SN immediately after MA discontinuation. We also observed increases in GFAP and Iba1 mRNA levels in SN on day 1 and increases in Iba1 mRNA on days 1 and 14 in striatum. Data analysis revealed that the number of TH+ cells in the SN did not reduce in any time points, though TH mRNA levels was increased on day 1 after MA discontinuation in SN. These data show that repeated escalating MA induces several compensatory mechanisms, such as mitochondrial biogenesis and elevation in GDNF in SN. These mechanisms can reverse MA-induced neuroinflammation and prevent TH-immunoreactivity reduction in nigrostriatal pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1369-1378, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Valian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Rud MA, Do TN, Siegel JA. Effects of early adolescent methamphetamine exposure on anxiety-like behavior and corticosterone levels in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:257-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Comparative effects of amphetamine-like psychostimulants on rat hippocampal cell genesis at different developmental ages. Neurotoxicology 2016; 56:29-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Brooks S, Burch K, Maiorana S, Cocolas E, Schioth H, Nilsson E, Kamaloodien K, Stein D. Psychological intervention with working memory training increases basal ganglia volume: A VBM study of inpatient treatment for methamphetamine use. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:478-91. [PMID: 27625988 PMCID: PMC5011179 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protracted methamphetamine (MA) use is associated with decreased control over drug craving and altered brain volume in the frontostriatal network. However, the nature of volumetric changes following a course of psychological intervention for MA use is not yet known. METHODS 66 males (41 MA patients, 25 healthy controls, HC) between the ages of 18-50 were recruited, the MA patients from new admissions to an in-patient drug rehabilitation centre and the HC via public advertisement, both in Cape Town, South Africa. 17 MA patients received 4 weeks of treatment as usual (TAU), and 24 MA patients completed TAU plus daily 30-minute cognitive training (CT) using an N-back working memory task. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and 4-week follow-up was acquired and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used for analysis. RESULTS TAU was associated with larger bilateral striatum (caudate/putamen) volume, whereas CT was associated with more widespread increases of the bilateral basal ganglia (incorporating the amygdala and hippocampus) and reduced bilateral cerebellum volume coinciding with improvements in impulsivity scores. CONCLUSIONS While psychological intervention is associated with larger volume in mesolimbic reward regions, the utilisation of additional working memory training as an adjunct to treatment may further normalize frontostriatal structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.J. Brooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, South Africa
| | - K.H. Burch
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, South Africa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - S.A. Maiorana
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E. Cocolas
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, South Africa
| | - H.B. Schioth
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - E.K. Nilsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - K. Kamaloodien
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D.J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, South Africa
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Uhlmann A, Fouche JP, Koen N, Meintjes EM, Wilson D, Stein DJ. Fronto-temporal alterations and affect regulation in methamphetamine dependence with and without a history of psychosis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 248:30-38. [PMID: 26792587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) has been shown to have neurotoxic effects associated with brain structure changes and schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms. Although these abnormalities may in turn be related to cognitive impairment and increased aggression, their association with affect dysregulation is less well studied. We investigated cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in 21 participants with MA dependence, 19 patients with MA-associated psychosis (MAP), and 19 healthy controls. Participants' affect regulation abilities were assessed through self-report scales on emotion reactivity (ERS) and difficulties in emotion regulation (DERS) and correlated with differences in cortical thickness. MAP patients showed thinner cortices in the fusiform and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), orbitofrontal (OFC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and insula, compared to the MA group. MAP also showed significantly lower hippocampal volumes relative to MA and CTRL. Both clinical groups showed impairment in affect regulation, but only in MAP was this dysfunction associated with thinner cortices in ITG, OFC and IFG. Our findings suggest significant differences in cortical thickness in MA dependence with and without psychosis. Lower fronto-temporal cortical thickness and smaller hippocampal volumes in MAP are consistent with neuroimaging findings in other psychotic disorders, supporting the notion of MAP being a useful model of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nastassja Koen
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Don Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ren W, Tao J, Wei Y, Su H, Zhang J, Xie Y, Guo J, Zhang X, Zhang H, He J. Time-Dependent Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Decline During Methamphetamine Withdrawal. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2604. [PMID: 26844469 PMCID: PMC4748886 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused illegal psychostimulant, which is confirmed to be neurotoxic and of great damage to human. Studies on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in human METH addicts are limited and inconsistent. The purposes of this study are to compare the serum BDNF levels between METH addicts and healthy controls during early withdrawal, and explore the changes of serum BDNF levels during the first month after METH withdrawal.179 METH addicts and 90 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. We measured serum BDNF levels at baseline (both METH addicts and healthy controls) and at 1 month after abstinence of METH (METH addicts only).Serum BDNF levels of METH addicts at baseline were significantly higher than controls (1460.28 ± 490.69 vs 1241.27 ± 335.52 pg/mL; F = 14.51, P < 0.001). The serum BDNF levels of 40 METH addicts were re-examined after 1 month of METH abstinence, which were significantly lower than that at baseline (1363.70 ± 580.59 vs 1621.41 ± 591.07 pg/mL; t = 2.26, P = .03), but showed no differences to the controls (1363.70 ± 580.59 vs 1241.27 ± 335.52 pg/mL; F = 2.29, P = 0.13).Our study demonstrated that serum BDNF levels were higher in METH addicts than controls during early withdrawal, and were time dependent decreased during the first month of abstinence. These findings may provide further evidence that increased serum BDNF levels may be associated with the pathophysiology of METH addiction and withdrawal and may be a protective response against the subsequent METH-induced neurotoxicity. Besides, these findings may also promote the development of medicine in the treatment of METH addiction and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Ren
- From the Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou (WR, JT, HS, JZ, YX, JH); Department of Psychiatry, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou (YW); Sanyang Detoxification Institute, Wenzhou (JG); Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (XZ); Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (XZ); and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (HZ)
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Kubik LL, Philbert MA. The role of astrocyte mitochondria in differential regional susceptibility to environmental neurotoxicants: tools for understanding neurodegeneration. Toxicol Sci 2015; 144:7-16. [PMID: 25740792 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a significant expansion in our understanding of the role of astrocytes in neuroprotection, including spatial buffering of extracellular ions, secretion of metabolic coenzymes, and synaptic regulation. Astrocytic neuroprotective functions require energy, and therefore require a network of functional mitochondria. Disturbances to astrocytic mitochondrial homeostasis and their ability to produce ATP can negatively impact neural function. Perturbations in astrocyte mitochondrial function may accrue as the result of physiological aging processes or as a consequence of neurotoxicant exposure. Hydrophobic environmental neurotoxicants, such as 1,3-dinitrobenzene and α-chlorohydrin, cause regionally specific spongiform lesions mimicking energy deprivation syndromes. Astrocyte involvement includes mitochondrial damage that either precedes or is accompanied by neuronal damage. Similarly, environmental neurotoxicants that are implicated in the etiology of age-related neurodegenerative conditions cause regionally specific damage in the brain. Based on the regioselective nature of age-related neurodegenerative lesions, chemically induced models of regioselective lesions targeting astrocyte mitochondria can provide insight into age-related susceptibilities in astrocyte mitochondria. Most of the available research to date focuses on neuronal damage in cases of age-related neurodegeneration; however, there is a body of evidence that supports a central mechanistic role for astrocyte mitochondria in the expression of neural injury. Regional susceptibility to neuronal damage induced by aging by exposure to neurotoxicants may be a reflection of highly variable regional energy requirements. This review identifies region-specific vulnerabilities in astrocyte mitochondria in examples of exposure to neurotoxicants and in age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Kubik
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Martin A Philbert
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Methamphetamine self-administration attenuates hippocampal serotonergic deficits: role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1315-20. [PMID: 24650575 PMCID: PMC4074226 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145714000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies suggest that prior treatment with escalating doses of methamphetamine (METH) attenuates the persistent deficits in hippocampal serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT) transporter (SERT) function resulting from a subsequent 'binge' METH exposure. Previous work also demonstrates that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exposure increases SERT function. The current study investigated changes in hippocampal BDNF protein and SERT function in rats exposed to saline or METH self-administration prior to a binge exposure to METH or saline. Results revealed that METH self-administration increased hippocampal mature BDNF (mBDNF) immunoreactivity compared to saline-treated rats as assessed 24 h after the start of the last session. Further, mBDNF immunoreactivity was increased and SERT function was not altered in rats that self-administered METH prior to the binge METH exposure as assessed 24 h after the binge exposure. These results suggest that prior exposure to contingent METH increases hippocampal mBDNF, and this may contribute to attenuated deficits in SERT function.
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Shen H, Mohammad A, Ramroop J, Smith SS. A stress steroid triggers anxiety via increased expression of α4βδ GABAA receptors in methamphetamine dependence. Neuroscience 2013; 254:452-75. [PMID: 23994152 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive stimulant drug. In addition to drug craving and lethargy, METH withdrawal is associated with stress-triggered anxiety. However, the cellular basis for this stress-triggered anxiety is not understood. The present results suggest that during METH withdrawal (24h) following chronic exposure (3mg/kg, i.p. for 3-5weeks) of adult, male mice, the effect of one neurosteroid released by stress, 3α,5α-THP (3α-OH-5α-pregnan-20-one), and its 3α,5β isomer reverse to trigger anxiety assessed by the acoustic startle response (ASR), in contrast to their usual anti-anxiety effects. This novel effect of 3α,5β-THP was due to increased (three-fold) hippocampal expression of α4βδ GABAA receptors (GABARs) during METH withdrawal (24h-4weeks) because anxiogenic effects of 3α,5β-THP were not seen in α4-/- mice. 3α,5β-THP reduces current at these receptors when it is hyperpolarizing, as observed during METH withdrawal. As a result, 3α,5β-THP (30nM) increased neuronal excitability, assessed with current clamp and cell-attached recordings in CA1hippocampus, one CNS site which regulates anxiety. α4βδ GABARs were first increased 1h after METH exposure and recovered 6weeks after METH withdrawal. Similar increases in α4βδ GABARs and anxiogenic effects of 3α,5β-THP were noted in rats during METH withdrawal (24h). In contrast, the ASR was increased by chronic METH treatment in the absence of 3α,5β-THP administration due to its stimulant effect. Although α4βδ GABARs were increased by chronic METH treatment, the GABAergic current recorded from hippocampal neurons at this time was a depolarizing, shunting inhibition, which was potentiated by 3α,5β-THP. This steroid reduced neuronal excitability and anxiety during chronic METH treatment, consistent with its typical effect. Flumazenil (10mg/kg, i.p., 3×) reduced α4βδ expression and prevented the anxiogenic effect of 3α,5β-THP after METH withdrawal. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism underlying stress-triggered anxiety after METH withdrawal mediated by α4βδ GABARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
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Ding GL, Chopp M, Poulsen DJ, Li L, Qu C, Li Q, Nejad-Davarani SP, Budaj JS, Wu H, Mahmood A, Jiang Q. MRI of neuronal recovery after low-dose methamphetamine treatment of traumatic brain injury in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61241. [PMID: 23637800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effects of low dose methamphetamine treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats by employing MRI, immunohistology, and neurological functional tests. Young male Wistar rats were subjected to TBI using the controlled cortical impact model. The treated rats (n = 10) received an intravenous (iv) bolus dose of 0.42 mg/kg of methamphetamine at eight hours after the TBI followed by continuous iv infusion for 24 hrs. The control rats (n = 10) received the same volume of saline using the same protocol. MRI scans, including T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), were performed one day prior to TBI, and at 1 and 3 days post TBI, and then weekly for 6 weeks. The lesion volumes of TBI damaged cerebral tissue were demarcated by elevated values in T2 maps and were histologically identified by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values within regions-of-interest (ROI) were measured in FA maps deduced from DTI, and were directly compared with Bielschowsky's silver and Luxol fast blue (BLFB) immunohistological staining. No therapeutic effect on lesion volumes was detected during 6 weeks after TBI. However, treatment significantly increased FA values in the recovery ROI compared with the control group at 5 and 6 weeks after TBI. Myelinated axons histologically measured using BLFB were significantly increased (p<0.001) in the treated group (25.84±1.41%) compared with the control group (17.05±2.95%). Significant correlations were detected between FA and BLFB measures in the recovery ROI (R = 0.54, p<0.02). Methamphetamine treatment significantly reduced modified neurological severity scores from 2 to 6 weeks (p<0.05) and foot-fault errors from 3 days to 6 weeks (p<0.05) after TBI. Thus, the FA data suggest that methamphetamine treatment improves white matter reorganization from 5 to 6 weeks after TBI in rats compared with saline treatment, which may contribute to the observed functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Liang Ding
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Hemmerle AM, Dickerson JW, Herring NR, Schaefer TL, Vorhees CV, Williams MT, Seroogy KB. (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy") treatment modulates expression of neurotrophins and their receptors in multiple regions of adult rat brain. J Comp Neurol 2012; 520:2459-74. [PMID: 22237931 PMCID: PMC3891916 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
(±)3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a widely used drug of abuse, rapidly reduces serotonin levels in the brain when ingested or administered in sufficient quantities, resulting in deficits in complex route-based learning, spatial learning, and reference memory. Neurotrophins are important for survival and preservation of neurons in the adult brain, including serotonergic neurons. In this study, we examined the effects of MDMA on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and their respective high-affinity receptors, tropomyosin receptor kinase (trk)B and trkC, in multiple regions of the rat brain. A serotonergic-depleting dose of MDMA (10 mg/kg × 4 at 2-hour intervals on a single day) was administered to adult Sprague-Dawley rats, and brains were examined 1, 7, or 24 hours after the last dose. Messenger RNA levels of BDNF, NT-3, trkB, and trkC were analyzed by using in situ hybridization with cRNA probes. The prefrontal cortex was particularly vulnerable to MDMA-induced alterations in that BDNF, NT-3, trkB, and trkC mRNAs were all upregulated at multiple time points. MDMA-treated animals had increased BDNF expression in the frontal, parietal, piriform, and entorhinal cortices, increased NT-3 expression in the anterior cingulate cortex, and elevated trkC in the entorhinal cortex. In the nigrostriatal system, BDNF expression was upregulated in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and trkB was elevated in the striatum in MDMA-treated animals. Both neurotrophins and trkB were differentially regulated in several regions of the hippocampal formation. These findings suggest a possible role for neurotrophin signaling in the learning and memory deficits seen following MDMA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Hemmerle
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Jonathan W. Dickerson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Nicole R. Herring
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Tori L. Schaefer
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Kim B. Seroogy
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
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Wang M, Lu C, Li H, Qiu M, Winstead W, Roisen F. Lineage restriction of adult human olfactory-derived progenitors to dopaminergic neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/scd.2011.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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