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Amirkhosravi L, Khaksari M, Sanjari M, Khorasani P. The nongenomic neuroprotective effects of estrogen, E2-BSA, and G1 following traumatic brain injury: PI3K/Akt and histopathological study. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2024; 45:1-15. [PMID: 38507353 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2023-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies suggest that both genomic and nongenomic pathways are involved in mediating the salutary effects of steroids following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the nongenomic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) mediated by the PI3K/p-Akt pathway after TBI. METHODS Ovariectomized rats were apportioned to E2, E2-BSA (E2 conjugated to bovine serum albumin), G1 [G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor agonist (GPER)] or their vehicle was injected following TBI, whereas ICI (classical estrogen receptor antagonist), G15 (GPER antagonist), ICI + G15, and their vehicles were injected before the induction of TBI and injection of drugs. Diffuse TBI was induced by the Marmarou model. Evans blue (EBC, 5 h), brain water contents (BWC), histopathological changes, and brain PI3K and p-Akt protein expressions were measured 24 h after TBI. The veterinary comma scale (VCS) was assessed before and at different times after TBI. RESULTS The results showed a reduction in BWC and EBC and increased VCS in the E2, E2-BSA, and G1 groups. Also, E2, E2-BSA, and G1 reduced brain edema, inflammation, and apoptosis. The ICI and G15 inhibited the beneficial effects of E2, E2-BSA, and G1 on these parameters. All drugs, following TBI, prevented the reduction of brain PI3K/p-Akt expression. The individual or combined use of ICI and G15 eliminated the beneficial effects of E2, E2-BSA, and G1 on PI3K/p-Akt expressions. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that PI3K/p-Akt pathway plays a critical role in mediating the salutary effects of estradiol on histopathological changes and neurological outcomes following TBI, suggesting that GPER and classic ERs are involved in regulating the expression of PI3K/p-Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Amirkhosravi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, 48463 Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sanjari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parisa Khorasani
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, 48463 Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
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Ferreira LO, de Souza RD, Teixeira LL, Pinto LC, Rodrigues JCM, Martins-Filho AJ, da Costa ET, Hamoy M, Lopes DCF. The GPER1 agonist G1 reduces brain injury and improves the qEEG and behavioral outcome of experimental ischemic stroke. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:787-797. [PMID: 37558387 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the principal cerebrovascular diseases in human populations and contributes to a majority of the functional impairments in the elderly. Recent discoveries have led to the inclusion of electroencephalography (EEG) in the complementary prognostic evaluation of patients. The present study describes the EEG, behavioral, and histological changes that occur following cerebral ischemia associated with treatment by G1, a potent and selective G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) agonist in a rat model. Treatment with G1 attenuated the neurological deficits induced by ischemic stroke from the second day onward, and reduced areas of infarction. Treatment with G1 also improved the total brainwave power, as well as the theta and alpha wave activity, specifically, and restored the delta band power to levels similar to those observed in the controls. Treatment with G1 also attenuated the peaks of harmful activity observed in the EEG indices. These improvements in brainwave activity indicate that GPER1 plays a fundamental role in the mediation of cerebral injury and in the behavioral outcome of ischemic brain injuries, which points to treatment with G1 as a potential pharmacological strategy for the therapy of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Joao de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dias de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Joao de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Leonan Lima Teixeira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Joao de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Laine Celestino Pinto
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Joao de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Joao Cleiton Martins Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Joao de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Edmar Tavares da Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Joao de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Moisés Hamoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Dielly Catrina Favacho Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Joao de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Pietrzak BA, Wnuk A, Przepiórska K, Łach A, Kajta M. Posttreatment with Ospemifene Attenuates Hypoxia- and Ischemia-Induced Apoptosis in Primary Neuronal Cells via Selective Modulation of Estrogen Receptors. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:362-379. [PMID: 37129835 PMCID: PMC10354152 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stroke and perinatal asphyxia have detrimental effects on neuronal cells, causing millions of deaths worldwide each year. Since currently available therapies are insufficient, there is an urgent need for novel neuroprotective strategies to address the effects of cerebrovascular accidents. One such recent approach is based on the neuroprotective properties of estrogen receptors (ERs). However, activation of ERs by estrogens may contribute to the development of endometriosis or hormone-dependent cancers. Therefore, in this study, we utilized ospemifene, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) already used in dyspareunia treatment. Here, we demonstrated that posttreatment with ospemifene in primary neocortical cell cultures subjected to 18 h of hypoxia and/or ischemia followed by 6 h of reoxygenation has robust neuroprotective potential. Ospemifene partially reverses hypoxia- and ischemia-induced changes in LDH release, the degree of neurodegeneration, and metabolic activity. The mechanism of the neuroprotective actions of ospemifene involves the inhibition of apoptosis since the compound decreases caspase-3 overactivity during hypoxia and enhances mitochondrial membrane potential during ischemia. Moreover, in both models, ospemifene decreased the levels of the proapoptotic proteins BAX, FAS, FASL, and GSK3β while increasing the level of the antiapoptotic protein BCL2. Silencing of specific ERs showed that the neuroprotective actions of ospemifene are mediated mainly via ESR1 (during hypoxia and ischemia) and GPER1 (during hypoxia), which is supported by ospemifene-evoked increases in ESR1 protein levels in hypoxic and ischemic neurons. The results identify ospemifene as a promising neuroprotectant, which in the future may be used to treat injuries due to brain hypoxia/ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta A Pietrzak
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wnuk
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Karolina Przepiórska
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Andrzej Łach
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kajta
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, Krakow, 31-343, Poland.
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4
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Wang J, Pratap UP, Lu Y, Sareddy GR, Tekmal RR, Vadlamudi RK, Brann DW. Development and Characterization of Inducible Astrocyte-Specific Aromatase Knockout Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:621. [PMID: 37106821 PMCID: PMC10135694 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) is produced in the brain as a neurosteroid, in addition to being an endocrine signal in the periphery. The current animal models for studying brain-derived E2 include global and conditional non-inducible knockout mouse models. The aim of this study was to develop a tamoxifen (TMX)-inducible astrocyte-specific aromatase knockout mouse line (GFAP-ARO-iKO mice) to specifically deplete the E2 synthesis enzymes and aromatase in astrocytes after their development in adult mice. The characterization of the GFAP-ARO-iKO mice revealed a specific and robust depletion in the aromatase expressions of their astrocytes and a significant decrease in their hippocampal E2 levels after a GCI. The GFAP-ARO-iKO animals were alive and fertile and had a normal general brain anatomy, with a normal astrocyte shape, intensity, and distribution. In the hippocampus, after a GCI, the GFAP-ARO-iKO animals showed a major deficiency in their reactive astrogliosis, a dramatically increased neuronal loss, and increased microglial activation. These findings indicate that astrocyte-derived E2 (ADE2) regulates the ischemic induction of reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation and is neuroprotective in the ischemic brain. The GFAP-ARO-iKO mouse models thus provide an important new model to help elucidate the roles and functions of ADE2 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Uday P. Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yujiao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rajeshwar R. Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K. Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Darrell W. Brann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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5
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Non-genomic Effect of Estradiol on the Neurovascular Unit and Possible Involvement in the Cerebral Vascular Accident. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1964-1985. [PMID: 36596967 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic cerebral vascular accident (CVA), are responsible for causing high rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability in the population. The neurovascular unit (NVU) during and after ischemic CVA plays crucial roles in cell regulation and preservation, the immune and inflammatory response, and cell and/or tissue survival and repair. Cellular responses to 17β-estradiol (E2) can be triggered by two mechanisms: one called classical or genomic, which is due to the activation of the "classical" nuclear estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ), and the non-genomic or rapid mechanism, which is due to the activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) that is located in the plasma membrane and some in intracellular membranes, such as in the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear receptors can regulate gene expression and cellular functions. On the contrary, activating the GPER by E2 and/or its G-1 agonist triggers several rapid cell signaling pathways. Therefore, E2 or its G-1 agonist, by mediating GPER activation and/or expression, can influence several NVU cell types. Most studies argue that the activation of the GPER may be used as a potential therapeutic target in various pathologies, such as CVA. Thus, with this review, we aimed to summarize the existing literature on the role of GPER mediated by E2 and/or its agonist G-1 in the physiology and pathophysiology of NVU.
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6
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Wnuk A, Przepiórska K, Pietrzak BA, Kajta M. Emerging Evidence on Membrane Estrogen Receptors as Novel Therapeutic Targets for Central Nervous System Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044043. [PMID: 36835454 PMCID: PMC9968034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear- and membrane-initiated estrogen signaling cooperate to orchestrate the pleiotropic effects of estrogens. Classical estrogen receptors (ERs) act transcriptionally and govern the vast majority of hormonal effects, whereas membrane ERs (mERs) enable acute modulation of estrogenic signaling and have recently been shown to exert strong neuroprotective capacity without the negative side effects associated with nuclear ER activity. In recent years, GPER1 was the most extensively characterized mER. Despite triggering neuroprotective effects, cognitive improvements, and vascular protective effects and maintaining metabolic homeostasis, GPER1 has become the subject of controversy, particularly due to its participation in tumorigenesis. This is why interest has recently turned toward non-GPER-dependent mERs, namely, mERα and mERβ. According to available data, non-GPER-dependent mERs elicit protective effects against brain damage, synaptic plasticity impairment, memory and cognitive dysfunctions, metabolic imbalance, and vascular insufficiency. We postulate that these properties are emerging platforms for designing new therapeutics that may be used in the treatment of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Since mERs have the ability to interfere with noncoding RNAs and to regulate the translational status of brain tissue by affecting histones, non-GPER-dependent mERs appear to be attractive targets for modern pharmacotherapy for nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wnuk
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-12-662-3339 (A.W.); +48-12-662-3235 (M.K.); Fax: +48-12-637-4500 (A.W. & M.K.)
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Kajta
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-12-662-3339 (A.W.); +48-12-662-3235 (M.K.); Fax: +48-12-637-4500 (A.W. & M.K.)
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7
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Li Y, Chen L, Zheng D, Liu JX, Liu C, Qi SH, Hu PC, Yang XF, Min JW. Echinocystic acid alleviated hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal mice by activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1103265. [PMID: 36843928 PMCID: PMC9947717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1103265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is considered a major cause of death and long-term neurological injury in newborns. Studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress and apoptosis play a major role in the progression of neonatal HIE. Echinocystic acid (EA), a natural plant extract, shows great antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities in various diseases. However, it has not yet been reported whether EA exerts a neuroprotective effect against neonatal HIE. Therefore, this study was undertaken to explore the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of EA in neonatal HIE using in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the in vivo study, a hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model was established in neonatal mice, and EA was administered immediately after HIBD. Cerebral infarction, brain atrophy and long-term neurobehavioral deficits were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining were performed, and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were detected. In the in vitro study, an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model was employed in primary cortical neurons, and EA was introduced during OGD/R. Cell death and cellular ROS levels were determined. To illustrate the mechanism, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 were used. The protein expression levels of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 were measured by western blotting. The results showed that EA treatment significantly reduced cerebral infarction, attenuated neuronal injury, and improved brain atrophy and long-term neurobehavioral deficits in neonatal mice subjected to HIBD. Meanwhile, EA effectively increased the survival rate in neurons exposed to OGD/R and inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Moreover, EA activated the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in neonatal mice following HIBD and in neurons after OGD/R. In conclusion, these results suggested that EA alleviated HIBD by ameliorating oxidative stress and apoptosis via activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Hua Qi
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peng-Chao Hu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Wei Min
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jia-Wei Min,
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8
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Crystallographic mining of ASK1 regulators to unravel the intricate PPI interfaces for the discovery of small molecule. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3734-3754. [PMID: 35891784 PMCID: PMC9294202 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein seldom performs biological activities in isolation. Understanding the protein–protein interactions’ physical rewiring in response to pathological conditions or pathogen infection can help advance our comprehension of disease etiology, progression, and pathogenesis, which allow us to explore the alternate route to control the regulation of key target interactions, timely and effectively. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is now a global public health problem exacerbated due to the lack of appropriate treatments. The most advanced anti-NASH lead compound (selonsertib) is withdrawn, though it is able to inhibit its target Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) completely, indicating the necessity to explore alternate routes rather than complete inhibition. Understanding the interaction fingerprints of endogenous regulators at the molecular level that underpin disease formation and progression may spur the rationale of designing therapeutic strategies. Based on our analysis and thorough literature survey of the various key regulators and PTMs, the current review emphasizes PPI-based drug discovery’s relevance for NASH conditions. The lack of structural detail (interface sites) of ASK1 and its regulators makes it challenging to characterize the PPI interfaces. This review summarizes key regulators interaction fingerprinting of ASK1, which can be explored further to restore the homeostasis from its hyperactive states for therapeutics intervention against NASH.
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Key Words
- ASK1
- ASK1, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- CFLAR, CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator
- CREG, Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes
- DKK3, Dickkopf-related protein 3
- Interaction fingerprint
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- NASH, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- PPI, Protein-protein interaction
- PTM, Post-trancriptional modification
- PTMs
- Protein-protein interaction
- TNFAIP3, TNF Alpha Induced Protein 3
- TRAF2/6, Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor2/6
- TRIM48, Tripartite Motif Containing 48
- TRX, Thioredoxin
- USP9X, Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 9 X-Linked
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Wnuk A, Przepiórska K, Pietrzak BA, Kajta M. Posttreatment Strategy Against Hypoxia and Ischemia Based on Selective Targeting of Nonnuclear Estrogen Receptors with PaPE-1. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2029-2041. [PMID: 34797527 PMCID: PMC8639538 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Newly synthesized Pathway Preferential Estrogen-1 (PaPE-1) selectively activates membrane estrogen receptors (mERs), namely, mERα and mERβ, and has been shown to evoke neuroprotection; however, its effectiveness in protecting brain tissue against hypoxia and ischemia has not been verified in a posttreatment paradigm. This is the first study showing that a 6-h delayed posttreatment with PaPE-1 inhibited hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal death, as indicated by neutral red uptake in mouse primary cell cultures in vitro. The effect was accompanied by substantial decreases in neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration in terms of LDH release and Fluoro-Jade C staining of damaged cells, respectively. The mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of PaPE-1 also involved apoptosis inhibition demonstrated by normalization of both mitochondrial membrane potential and expression levels of apoptosis-related genes and proteins such as Fas, Fasl, Bcl2, FAS, FASL, BCL2, BAX, and GSK3β. Furthermore, PaPE-1-evoked neuroprotection was mediated through a reduction in ROS formation and restoration of cellular metabolic activity that had become dysregulated due to hypoxia and ischemia. These data provide evidence that targeting membrane non-GPER estrogen receptors with PaPE-1 is an effective therapy that protects brain neurons from hypoxic/ischemic damage, even when applied with a 6-h delay from injury onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wnuk
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Epigenetics, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - K Przepiórska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Epigenetics, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - B A Pietrzak
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Epigenetics, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kajta
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Epigenetics, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
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10
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Godó S, Barabás K, Lengyel F, Ernszt D, Kovács T, Kecskés M, Varga C, Jánosi TZ, Makkai G, Kovács G, Orsolits B, Fujiwara T, Kusumi A, Ábrahám IM. Single-Molecule Imaging Reveals Rapid Estradiol Action on the Surface Movement of AMPA Receptors in Live Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:708715. [PMID: 34631701 PMCID: PMC8495425 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.708715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadal steroid 17β-estradiol (E2) exerts rapid, non-genomic effects on neurons and strictly regulates learning and memory through altering glutamatergic neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. However, its non-genomic effects on AMPARs are not well understood. Here, we analyzed the rapid effect of E2 on AMPARs using single-molecule tracking and super-resolution imaging techniques. We found that E2 rapidly decreased the surface movement of AMPAR via membrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in neurites in a dose-dependent manner. The cortical actin network played a pivotal role in the GPER1 mediated effects of E2 on the surface mobility of AMPAR. E2 also decreased the surface movement of AMPAR both in synaptic and extrasynaptic regions on neurites and increased the synaptic dwell time of AMPARs. Our results provide evidence for understanding E2 action on neuronal plasticity and glutamatergic neurotransmission at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Godó
- PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, Medical School, Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Klaudia Barabás
- PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, Medical School, Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Lengyel
- PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, Medical School, Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Ernszt
- PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, Medical School, Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kovács
- PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, Medical School, Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kecskés
- PTE-NAP Cortical Microcircuits Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Varga
- PTE-NAP Cortical Microcircuits Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Z Jánosi
- PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, Medical School, Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Géza Makkai
- PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, Medical School, Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Kovács
- PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, Medical School, Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Barbara Orsolits
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Takahiro Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kusumi
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna, Japan
| | - István M Ábrahám
- PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, Medical School, Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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11
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Yang S, Yin Z, Zhu G. A review of the functions of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 in vascular and neurological aging. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174363. [PMID: 34297966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related diseases, especially vascular and neurological disorders cause huge economic burden. How to delay vascular and neurological aging is one of the insurmountable questions. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) has been extensively investigated in recent years due to its multiple biological responses. In this review, the function of GPER in aging-related diseases represented by vascular diseases, and neurological disorders were discussed. Apart from that, activation of GPER was also found to renovate the aging brain characterized by memory decline, but in a manner different from another two nuclear estrogen receptors estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ. This salutary effect would be better clarified from the aspects of synaptic inputs and transmission. Furthermore, we carefully described molecular mechanisms underpinning GPER-mediated effects. This review would update our understanding of GPER in the aging process. Targeting GPER may represent a promising strategy in the aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China.
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12
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Amirkhosravi L, Khaksari M, Soltani Z, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Asadi Karam G, Hoseini M. E2-BSA and G1 exert neuroprotective effects and improve behavioral abnormalities following traumatic brain injury: The role of classic and non-classic estrogen receptors. Brain Res 2020; 1750:147168. [PMID: 33096091 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of classical and non-classical estrogen receptors (ERs) in mediating the neuroprotective effects of this hormone on brain edema and long-term behavioral disorders was evaluated after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ovariectomized rats were divided as follows: E2 (17 β-estradiol), E2-BSA (E2 conjugated to bovine serum albumin), G1 [G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor agonist (GPER)] or their vehicle was injected following TBI, whereas ICI (classical estrogen receptor antagonist), G15 (GPER antagonist), ICI + G15, and their vehicle were injected before the induction of TBI and the injection of E2 and E2-BSA. Brain water (BWC) and Evans blue (EB) contents were measured 24 h and 5 h after TBI, respectively. Intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were measured before and at different times after TBI. Locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and spatial memory were assessed on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after injury. E2, E2-BSA, and G1 prevented the increase of BWC and EB content after TBI, and these effects were inhibited by ICI and G15. ICI and G15 also inhibited the beneficial effects of E2, E2-BSA on ICP, as well as CPP, after trauma. E2, E2-BSA, and G1 prevented the cognitive deficiency and behavioral abnormalities induced by TBI. Similar to the above parameters, ICI and G15 also reversed this E2 and E2-BSA effects on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. Our findings indicated that the beneficial effects of E2-BSA and E2 were inhibited by both ICI and G15, suggesting that GPER and classic ERs were involved in mediating the long-term effects of E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Amirkhosravi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Neuroscience and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centers, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadi Karam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hoseini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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13
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Neuron-Derived Estrogen Is Critical for Astrocyte Activation and Neuroprotection of the Ischemic Brain. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7355-7374. [PMID: 32817249 PMCID: PMC7534920 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0115-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E2) is produced from androgens via the action of the enzyme aromatase. E2 is known to be made in neurons in the brain, but the functions of neuron-derived E2 in the ischemic brain are unclear. Here, we used a forebrain neuron-specific aromatase KO (FBN-ARO-KO) mouse model to deplete neuron-derived E2 in the forebrain and determine its roles after global cerebral ischemia. We demonstrated that ovariectomized female FBN-ARO-KO mice exhibited significantly attenuated astrocyte activation, astrocytic aromatization, and decreased hippocampal E2 levels compared with FLOX mice. Furthermore, FBN-ARO-KO mice had exacerbated neuronal damage and worse cognitive dysfunction after global cerebral ischemia. Similar results were observed in intact male mice. RNA-seq analysis revealed alterations in pathways and genes associated with astrocyte activation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in FBN-ARO-KO mice. The compromised astrocyte activation in FBN-ARO-KO mice was associated with robust downregulation of the astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factors, BDNF and IGF-1, as well as the astrocytic glutamate transporter, GLT-1. Νeuronal FGF2, which acts in a paracrine manner to suppress astrocyte activation, was increased in FBN-ARO-KO neurons. Interestingly, blocking FGF2 signaling by central injection of FGFR3-neutralizing antibody was able to reverse the diminishment in neuroprotective astrocyte reactivity, and attenuate neuronal damage in FBN-ARO-KO mice. Moreover, in vivo E2 replacement suppressed FGF2 signaling and rescued the compromised reactive astrogliosis and cognitive deficits. Collectively, our data provide novel genetic evidence for a beneficial role of neuron-derived E2 in astrocyte activation, neuroprotection, and cognitive preservation following ischemic injury to the brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Following cerebral ischemia, astrocytes become highly reactive and can exert neuroprotection through the release of neurotrophic factors and clearance of neurotoxic glutamate. The current study advances our understanding of this process by demonstrating that neuron-derived 17β-estradiol (E2) is neuroprotective and critical for induction of reactive astrocytes and their ability to produce astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factors, BDNF and IGF-1, and the glutamate transporter, GLT-1 after ischemic brain damage. These beneficial effects of neuron-derived E2 appear to be due, at least in part, to suppression of neuronal FGF2 signaling, which is a known suppressor of astrocyte activation. These findings suggest that neuron-derived E2 is neuroprotective after ischemic brain injury via a mechanism that involves suppression of neuronal FGF2 signaling, thereby facilitating astrocyte activation.
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14
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Pan MX, Li J, Ma C, Fu K, Li ZQ, Wang ZF. Sex-dependent effects of GPER activation on neuroinflammation in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:421-431. [PMID: 32272225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) plays a role in estrogen-mediated neuroprotection and has been considered a potential therapeutic target for treating various neurological diseases. It is increasingly recognized that sex is a biological variable affecting treatment outcomes and efficacy, and that neuroinflammation is a key secondary injury mechanism following brain injury, though it is unknown whether the neuroprotective effects exerted by GPER involve modulation of inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether activation of GPER has a sex-dependent effect on neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI), a sexually dimorphic disease. In male and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats, the GPER agonist, G1, inhibited the upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, and shifted microglia/macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype. In gonadally-intact females, G1 caused more pro-inflammatory (IL-6 and TNF-α) and less anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4) production, without altering microglia/macrophage polarization. Estradiol supplementation blocked the effects of G1 in OVX females. We also found that post-injury GPER expression was increased in males and OVX females but not in intact females. G1 administration increased Akt phosphorylation in males and OVX females, but had no significant effect in intact females, while Akt inhibition blocked the effects of G1 in males and OVX females. These results indicate that G1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in males and OVX females but not in intact females; these sex-specific effects are dependent on circulating estrogen levels and are partially mediated through Akt signaling. Future studies are needed to elucidate the relevant molecular mechanisms, especially in females. A better understanding of the sex differences in treatment efficacy with GPER agonists may help improve personalized therapeutic strategies for males and pre- and postmenopausal females with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xian Pan
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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15
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Tanie Y, Kuboyama T, Tohda C. GRP78-Mediated Signaling Contributes to Axonal Growth Resulting in Motor Function Recovery in Spinal Cord-Injured Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:789. [PMID: 32547396 PMCID: PMC7273965 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting axonal growth is essential for repairing damaged neuronal connections and motor function in spinal cord injury (SCI). Neuroleukin (NLK) exerts axonal growth activity in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study reveals that the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a NLK neuronal receptor that contributes to recovery from SCI. Binding and immunoprecipitation assays indicated that NLK binds to GRP78. Pretreatment to cultured neurons with a GRP78-neutralizing antibody suppressed NLK-induced axonal growth. Blocking cell surface GRP78 inhibited neuronal NLK-induced Akt activation. Treatment with an Akt inhibitor suppressed NLK-induced axonal growth. Continuous administration of NLK into the lateral ventricle of SCI mice increased axonal density in the injured region and restored motor function, which was not observed when NLK was simultaneously administered with a GRP78-neutralizing antibody. These results indicate that GRP78 regulates the NLK-induced axonal growth activity; NLK-GRP78 signaling promotes motor function recovery in SCI, presenting as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tanie
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kuboyama
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tohda
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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16
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Acaz-Fonseca E, Castelló-Ruiz M, Burguete MC, Aliena-Valero A, Salom JB, Torregrosa G, García-Segura LM. Insight into the molecular sex dimorphism of ischaemic stroke in rat cerebral cortex: Focus on neuroglobin, sex steroids and autophagy. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2756-2770. [PMID: 32243028 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Including sex is of paramount importance in preclinical and clinical stroke researches, and molecular studies dealing in depth with sex differences in stroke pathophysiology are needed. To gain insight into the molecular sex dimorphism of ischaemic stroke in rat cerebral cortex, male and female adult rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The expression of neuroglobin (Ngb) and other functionally related molecules involved in sex steroid signalling (oestrogen and androgen receptors), steroidogenesis (StAR, TSPO and aromatase) and autophagic activity (LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio, UCP2 and HIF-1α) was assessed in the ipsilateral ischaemic and contralateral non-ischaemic hemispheres. An increased expression of Ngb was detected in the injured female cerebral cortex. In contrast, increased expression of oestrogen receptor α, GPER, StAR, TSPO and UCP2, and decreased androgen receptor expression were detected in the injured male cortex. In both sexes, the ischaemic insult induced an upregulation of LC3B-II/-I ratio, indicative of increased autophagy. Therefore, the cerebral cortex activates both sex-specific and common molecular responses with neuroprotective potential after ischaemia-reperfusion, which globally results in similar stroke outcome in both sexes. Nonetheless, these different potential molecular targets should be taken into account when neuroprotective drugs aiming to reduce brain damage in ischaemic stroke are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Acaz-Fonseca
- Instituto Cajal - CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Castelló-Ruiz
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María C Burguete
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Aliena-Valero
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan B Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Torregrosa
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis M García-Segura
- Instituto Cajal - CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Merino-Serrais P, Loera-Valencia R, Rodriguez-Rodriguez P, Parrado-Fernandez C, Ismail MA, Maioli S, Matute E, Jimenez-Mateos EM, Björkhem I, DeFelipe J, Cedazo-Minguez A. 27-Hydroxycholesterol Induces Aberrant Morphology and Synaptic Dysfunction in Hippocampal Neurons. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:429-446. [PMID: 30395175 PMCID: PMC6294414 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, but how high blood cholesterol levels are linked to neurodegeneration is still unknown. Here, we show that an excess of the blood-brain barrier permeable cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OH) impairs neuronal morphology and reduces hippocampal spine density and the levels of the postsynaptic protein PSD95. Dendritic spines are the main postsynaptic elements of excitatory synapses and are crucial structures for memory and cognition. Furthermore, PSD95 has an essential function for synaptic maintenance and plasticity. PSD95 synthesis is controlled by the REST-miR124a-PTBP1 axis. Here, we report that high levels of 27-OH induce REST-miR124a-PTBP1 axis dysregulation in a possible RxRγ-dependent manner, suggesting that 27-OH reduces PSD95 levels through this mechanism. Our results reveal a possible molecular link between hypercholesterolemia and neurodegeneration. We discuss the possibility that reduction of 27-OH levels could be a useful strategy for preventing memory and cognitive decline in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Merino-Serrais
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raul Loera-Valencia
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Parrado-Fernandez
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad A Ismail
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Maioli
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo Matute
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Maria Jimenez-Mateos
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Royal, College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ingemar Björkhem
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Peng J, Zuo Y, Huang L, Okada T, Liu S, Zuo G, Zhang G, Tang J, Xia Y, Zhang JH. Activation of GPR30 with G1 attenuates neuronal apoptosis via src/EGFR/stat3 signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in male rats. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Azcoitia I, Barreto GE, Garcia-Segura LM. Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. Analysis of sex differences. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100787. [PMID: 31513774 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors or by estrogen receptor independent mechanisms, are initiated at the membrane, the cytoplasm or the cell nucleus of neural cells. Estrogen-dependent signaling regulates a variety of cellular events, such as intracellular Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy and apoptosis. In turn, these molecular and cellular actions of estradiol are integrated by neurons and non-neuronal cells to generate different tissue protective responses, decreasing blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and promoting synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, neurogenesis, remyelination and neuroregeneration. Recent findings indicate that the neuroprotective and neuroreparative actions of estradiol are different in males and females and further research is necessary to fully elucidate the causes for this sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Azcoitia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Mitrović N, Dragić M, Zarić M, Drakulić D, Nedeljković N, Grković I. Estrogen receptors modulate ectonucleotidases activity in hippocampal synaptosomes of male rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 712:134474. [PMID: 31479724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular adenine nucleotides and nucleosides, such as adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine, are among least investigated signaling factors that participate in 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated synaptic rearrangements in rodent hippocampus. Their levels in the extrasynaptic space are tightly controlled by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases1-3 (NTPDase1-3)/ecto-5'-nucleotidase (eN) enzyme chain. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to get closer insight in the E2-induced decrease in NTPDase and eN activity in the hippocampal synaptic compartment of male rats and to identify estradiol receptors (ERs i.e. ERα, ERβ or GPER1) responsible for the observed effects of E2. In this study we show indiscriminate participation of estradiol receptor α (ERα), -β (ERβ) and G- protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in the mediation of E2 actions in hippocampal synaptosomes of male rats. Synaptic NTPDase1-3 activities are modulated only through activation of ERβ, while activation of ERα, -β and/or non-classical GPER1 decreases synaptic eN activity. Since both ATP and adenosine function as neuromodulators in the hippocampal networks, influencing its function, profound knowledge of mechanisms by which ectonucleotidases are regulated/modulated is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Mitrović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milorad Dragić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Zarić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dunja Drakulić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadežda Nedeljković
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Burguete MC, Jover-Mengual T, López-Morales MA, Aliena-Valero A, Jorques M, Torregrosa G, Alborch E, Castelló-Ruiz M, Salom JB. The selective oestrogen receptor modulator, bazedoxifene, mimics the neuroprotective effect of 17β-oestradiol in diabetic ischaemic stroke by modulating oestrogen receptor expression and the MAPK/ERK1/2 signalling pathway. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12751. [PMID: 31127971 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Because neuroprotection in stroke should be revisited in the era of recanalisation, the present study analysed the potential neuroprotective effect of the selective oestrogen receptor modulator, bazedoxifene acetate (BZA), in an animal model of diabetic ischaemic stroke that mimics thrombectomy combined with adjuvant administration of a putative neuroprotectant. Four weeks after induction of diabetes (40 mg kg-1 streptozotocin, i.p.), male Wistar rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (intraluminal thread technique, 60 minutes) and assigned to one of three groups treated with either: vehicle, BZA (3 mg kg-1 day-1 , i.p.) or 17β-oestradiol (E2 ) (100 μg kg-1 day-1 , i.p.). At 24 hours post-ischaemia-reperfusion, brain damage (neurofunctional score, infarct size and apoptosis), expression of oestrogen receptors (ER)α, ERβ and G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor), and activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK)1/2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathways were analysed. At 24 hours after the ischaemic insult, both BZA- and E2 -treated animals showed lower brain damage in terms of improved neurofunctional condition, decreased infarct size and decreased apoptotic cell death. Ischaemia-reperfusion induced a significant decrease in ERα and ERβ expression without affecting that of G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor, whereas BZA and E2 reversed such a decrease. The ischaemic insult up-regulated the activity of both the MAPK/ERK1/2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathways; BZA and E2 attenuated the increased activity of the ERK1/2 pathway, without affecting that of the Akt pathway. The results of the present study lend further support to the consideration of BZA as an effective and safer alternative overcoming the drawbacks of E2 with respect to improving diabetic ischaemic stroke outcome after successful reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Burguete
- Departamento de Fisiología, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Jover-Mengual
- Departamento de Fisiología, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mikahela A López-Morales
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Aliena-Valero
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Jorques
- Departamento de Fisiología, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Torregrosa
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Alborch
- Departamento de Fisiología, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Castelló-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan B Salom
- Departamento de Fisiología, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Targeting GPER1 to suppress autophagy as a male-specific therapeutic strategy for iron-induced striatal injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6661. [PMID: 31040364 PMCID: PMC6491488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in young male patients are poor than in premenopausal women. After ICH, ferrous iron accumulation causes a higher level of oxidative injury associated with autophagic cell death in striatum of male mice than in females. In rodent model of ferrous citrate (FC)-infusion that simulates iron accumulation after ICH, female endogenous estradiol (E2) suppresses autophagy via estrogen receptor α (ERα) and contributes to less injury severity. Moreover, E2 implantation diminished the FC-induced autophagic cell death and injury in males, whose ERα in the striatum is less than females. Since, no sex difference of ERβ was observed in striatum, we delineated whether ERα and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) mediate the suppressions of FC-induced autophagy and oxidative injury by E2 in a sex-dimorphic manner. The results showed that the ratio of constitutive GPER1 to ERα in striatum is higher in males than in females. The GPER1 and ERα predominantly mediated suppressive effects of E2 on FC-induced autophagy in males and antioxidant effect of E2 in females, respectively. This finding opens the prospect of a male-specific therapeutic strategy targeting GPER1 for autophagy suppression in patients suffering from iron overload after hemorrhage.
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Marin R, Diaz M. Estrogen Interactions With Lipid Rafts Related to Neuroprotection. Impact of Brain Ageing and Menopause. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:128. [PMID: 29559883 PMCID: PMC5845729 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens (E2) exert a plethora of neuroprotective actions against aged-associated brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Part of these actions takes place through binding to estrogen receptors (ER) embedded in signalosomes, where numerous signaling proteins are clustered. Signalosomes are preferentially located in lipid rafts which are dynamic membrane microstructures characterized by a peculiar lipid composition enriched in gangliosides, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and sphingolipids. Rapid E2 interactions with ER-related signalosomes appear to trigger intracellular signaling ultimately leading to the activation of molecular mechanisms against AD. We have previously observed that the reduction of E2 blood levels occurring during menopause induced disruption of ER-signalosomes at frontal cortical brain areas. These molecular changes may reduce neuronal protection activities, as similar ER signalosome derangements were observed in AD brains. The molecular impairments may be associated with changes in the lipid composition of lipid rafts observed in neurons during menopause and AD. These evidences indicate that the changes in lipid raft structure during aging may be at the basis of alterations in the activity of ER and other neuroprotective proteins integrated in these membrane microstructures. Moreover, E2 is a homeostatic modulator of lipid rafts. Recent work has pointed to this relevant aspect of E2 activity to preserve brain integrity, through mechanisms affecting lipid uptake and local biosynthesis in the brain. Some evidences have demonstrated that estrogens and the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exert synergistic effects to stabilize brain lipid matrix. DHA is essential to enhance molecular fluidity at the plasma membrane, promoting functional macromolecular interactions in signaling platforms. In support of this, DHA detriment in neuronal lipid rafts has been associated with the most common age-associated neuropathologies, namely AD and Parkinson disease. Altogether, these findings indicate that E2 may participate in brain preservation through a dual membrane-related mechanism. On the one hand, E2 interacting with ER related signalosomes may protect against neurotoxic insults. On the other hand, E2 may exert lipostatic actions to preserve lipid balance in neuronal membrane microdomains. The different aspects of the emerging multifunctional role of estrogens in membrane-related signalosomes will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Marin
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Patologías Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Unidad Asociada de Investigación, Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Mario Diaz
- Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Patologías Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Unidad Asociada de Investigación, Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain.,Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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24
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Melatonin promotes neuroprotection of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neural stem cells subjected to H 2O 2-induced injury in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 825:143-150. [PMID: 29462594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone mainly extracted from the pineal gland with neuroprotective effects. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic functions. However, the mechanism of melatonin against reactive oxygen species is unclear. Here, we explore the potential proliferative and neuroprotective mechanism of melatonin on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). NSCs were induced from iPSCs, then pretreated with 500 μM H2O2, 1 μM melatonin, 1 μM melatonin receptor antagonist (Luzindole), or 10 μM Phosphatidylinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002). The results showed that melatonin stimulated proliferation of iPSC-derived NSCs on H2O2 exposure. Melatonin also markedly improved stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced the rate of apoptosis. Treatment with Luzindole or LY294002 inhibited the increasing proliferative and neuroprotective effects of melatonin on iPSC-derived NSCs with H2O2 treatment. Our results further demonstrated that these promotional effects of melatonin were related with the activity of phosphorylation of AKT. Therefore, these outcomes propose that melatonin protects iPSC-derived NSCs from H2O2-induced injury through the mediation of melatonin receptor and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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25
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Prossnitz ER. GPER modulators: Opportunity Nox on the heels of a class Akt. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 176:73-81. [PMID: 28285016 PMCID: PMC5591048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The (patho)physiology of estrogen and its receptors is complex. It is therefore not surprising that therapeutic approaches targeting this hormone include stimulation of its activity through supplementation with either the hormone itself or natural or synthetic agonists, inhibition of its activity through the use of antagonists or inhibitors of its synthesis, and tissue-selective modulation of its activity with biased ligands. The physiology of this hormone is further complicated by the existence of at least three receptors, the classical nuclear estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ), and the 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30), with overlapping but distinct pharmacologic profiles, particularly of anti-estrogenic ligands. GPER-selective ligands, as well as GPER knockout mice, have greatly aided our understanding of the physiological roles of GPER. Such ligands have revealed that GPER activation mediates many of the rapid cellular signaling events (including Ca2+ mobilization, ERK and PI3K/Akt activation) associated with estrogen activity, as opposed to the nuclear ERs that are traditionally described to function as ligand-induced transcriptional factors. Many of the salutary effects of estrogen throughout the body are reproduced by the GPER-selective agonist G-1, which, owing to its minimal effects on reproductive tissues, can be considered a non-feminizing estrogenic compound, and thus of potential therapeutic use in both women and men. On the contrary, until recently GPER-selective antagonists had predominantly found preclinical application in cancer models where estrogen stimulates cell growth and survival. This viewpoint changed recently with the discovery that GPER is associated with aging, particularly that of the cardiovascular system, where the GPER antagonist G36 reduced hypertension and GPER deficiency prevented cardiac fibrosis and vascular dysfunction with age, through the downregulation of Nox1 and as a consequence superoxide production. Thus, similar to the classical ERs, both agonists and antagonists of GPER may be of therapeutic benefit depending on the disease or condition to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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26
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Jover-Mengual T, Castelló-Ruiz M, Burguete MC, Jorques M, López-Morales MA, Aliena-Valero A, Jurado-Rodríguez A, Pérez S, Centeno JM, Miranda FJ, Alborch E, Torregrosa G, Salom JB. Molecular mechanisms mediating the neuroprotective role of the selective estrogen receptor modulator, bazedoxifene, in acute ischemic stroke: A comparative study with 17β-estradiol. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171:296-304. [PMID: 28479229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the knowledge on the estrogenic system in the brain grows, the possibilities to modulate it in order to afford further neuroprotection in brain damaging disorders so do it. We have previously demonstrated the ability of the selective estrogen receptor modulator, bazedoxifene (BZA), to reduce experimental ischemic brain damage. The present study has been designed to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in such a neuroprotective action by investigating: 1) stroke-induced apoptotic cell death; 2) expression of estrogen receptors (ER) ERα, ERβ and the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER); and 3) modulation of MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. For comparison, a parallel study was done with 17β-estradiol (E2)-treated animals. Male Wistar rats subject to transient right middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO, intraluminal thread technique, 60min), were distributed in vehicle-, BZA- (20.7±2.1ng/mL in plasma) and E2- (45.6±7.8pg/mL in plasma) treated groups. At 24h from the onset of tMCAO, RT-PCR, Western blot and histochemical analysis were performed on brain tissue samples. Ischemia-reperfusion per se increased apoptosis as assessed by both caspase-3 activity and TUNEL-positive cell counts, which were reversed by both BZA and E2. ERα and ERβ expression, but not that of GPER, was reduced by the ischemic insult. BZA and E2 had different effects: while BZA increased both ERα and ERβ expression, E2 increased ERα expression but did not change that of ERβ. Both MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways were stimulated under ischemic conditions. While BZA strongly reduced the increased p-ERK1/2 levels, E2 did not. Neither BZA nor E2 modified ischemia-induced increase in p-Akt levels. These results show that modulation of ERα and ERβ expression, as well as of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway accounts, at least in part, for the inhibitory effect of BZA on the stroke-induced apoptotic cell death. This lends mechanistic support to the consideration of BZA as a potential neuroprotective drug in acute ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Jover-Mengual
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Castelló-Ruiz
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia Spain
| | - María C Burguete
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Jorques
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mikahela A López-Morales
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Aliena-Valero
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Jurado-Rodríguez
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Pérez
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Centeno
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Miranda
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Alborch
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Torregrosa
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia Spain.
| | - Juan B Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia Spain
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27
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Nishida T, Hattori K, Watanabe K. The regulatory and signaling mechanisms of the ASK family. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 66:2-22. [PMID: 28669716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) was identified as a MAP3K that activates the JNK and p38 pathways, and subsequent studies have reported ASK2 and ASK3 as members of the ASK family. The ASK family is activated by various intrinsic and extrinsic stresses, including oxidative stress, ER stress and osmotic stress. Numerous lines of evidence have revealed that members of the ASK family are critical for signal transduction systems to control a wide range of stress responses such as cell death, differentiation and cytokine induction. In this review, we focus on the precise signaling mechanisms of the ASK family in response to diverse stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Nishida
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hattori
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kengo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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28
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Lymer J, Robinson A, Winters BD, Choleris E. Rapid effects of dorsal hippocampal G-protein coupled estrogen receptor on learning in female mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 77:131-140. [PMID: 28033587 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Through rapid mechanisms of action, estrogens affect learning and memory processes. It has been shown that 17β-estradiol and an Estrogen Receptor (ER) α agonist enhances performance in social recognition, object recognition, and object placement tasks when administered systemically or infused in the dorsal hippocampus. In contrast, systemic and dorsal hippocampal ERβ activation only promote spatial learning. In addition, 17β-estradiol, the ERα and the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) agonists increase dendritic spine density in the CA1 hippocampus. Recently, we have shown that selective systemic activation of the GPER also rapidly facilitated social recognition, object recognition, and object placement learning in female mice. Whether activation the GPER specifically in the dorsal hippocampus can also rapidly improve learning and memory prior to acquisition is unknown. Here, we investigated the rapid effects of infusion of the GPER agonist, G-1 (dose: 50nM, 100nM, 200nM), in the dorsal hippocampus on social recognition, object recognition, and object placement learning tasks in home cage. These paradigms were completed within 40min, which is within the range of rapid estrogenic effects. Dorsal hippocampal administration of G-1 improved social (doses: 50nM, 200nM G-1) and object (dose: 200nM G-1) recognition with no effect on object placement. Additionally, when spatial cues were minimized by testing in a Y-apparatus, G-1 administration promoted social (doses: 100nM, 200nM G-1) and object (doses: 50nM, 100nM, 200nM G-1) recognition. Therefore, like ERα, the GPER in the hippocampus appears to be sufficient for the rapid facilitation of social and object recognition in female mice, but not for the rapid facilitation of object placement learning. Thus, the GPER in the dorsal hippocampus is involved in estrogenic mediation of learning and memory and these effects likely occur through rapid signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lymer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alana Robinson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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29
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Pleiotropic properties of ASK1. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3030-3038. [PMID: 27693599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5), has the potential to induce cellular apoptosis under various physiological conditions. It has long been suggested that ASK1 is highly sensitive to oxidative stress and contributes substantially to apoptosis. However, recent studies have indicated that ASK1 has pleiotropic roles in living organisms through other mechanisms in addition to apoptosis. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW This review describes the physiological functions of ASK1 in living organisms, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms of ASK1 activity and its importance in the pathogenesis of various diseases. We also highlight recent works published within the past few years. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS ASK1 forms a high-molecular-mass complex within the cell, designated as the ASK1 signalosome. Soon after the discovery of ASK1, several regulatory components of the ASK1 signalosome have been revealed, including thioredoxin (Trx), tumor-necrosis factor α receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) and 14-3-3s. In parallel with the precise analyses unveiling the molecular basis of ASK1 regulation, the physiological or pathophysiological significance of ASK1 in diverse organs has been elucidated. In addition to the generation of global knockout mice or tissue-specific knockout mice, ASK1-specific inhibitors have illuminated the biological roles of ASK1. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The multi-faceted features of the function of ASK1 have been discovered over the past two decades, revealing that ASK1 is a crucial molecule for maintaining cellular homeostasis, especially under conditions of stress. Based on the results that ASK1 deficiency provides beneficial effects for several diseases, modulating ASK1 activity is a promising method to ameliorate a subset of diseases.
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