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Terrón-Camero LC, Molina-Moya E, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Sandalio LM, Romero-Puertas MC. Nitric Oxide and Globin Glb1 Regulate Fusarium oxysporum Infection of Arabidopsis thaliana. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1321. [PMID: 37507861 PMCID: PMC10376111 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants continuously interact with fungi, some of which, such as Fusarium oxysporum, are lethal, leading to reduced crop yields. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been found to play a regulatory role in plant responses to F. oxysporum, although the underlying mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this study, we show that Arabidopsis mutants with altered levels of phytoglobin 1 (Glb1) have a higher survival rate than wild type (WT) after infection with F. oxysporum, although all the genotypes analyzed exhibited a similar fungal burden. None of the defense responses that were analyzed in Glb1 lines, such as phenols, iron metabolism, peroxidase activity, or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, appear to explain their higher survival rates. However, the early induction of the PR genes may be one of the reasons for the observed survival rate of Glb1 lines infected with F. oxysporum. Furthermore, while PR1 expression was induced in Glb1 lines very early on the response to F. oxysporum, this induction was not observed in WT plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Molina-Moya
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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2
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Qiu H, Su L, Wang H, Zhang Z. Chitosan elicitation of saponin accumulation in Psammosilene tunicoides hairy roots by modulating antioxidant activity, nitric oxide production and differential gene expression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:115-127. [PMID: 34098155 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elicitation is one of the most effective strategies for enhancing plant bioactive compounds, such as triterpenoid saponins. Chitosan gained worldwide attention for biostimulant activity, but little is known about its roles in the elicitation of triterpenoid saponin in medicinal plants. Here, we explored the regulatory network of chitosan on saponin accumulation in hairy root cultures of Psammosilene tunicoides, a valuable medicinal herb known for its pain-relieving properties endemic to China. Compared with control, the highest total saponin accumulation exhibited a 4.55-fold enhancement in hairy roots elicited by 200 mg L-1 chitosan for nine days. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the yields of quillaic acid, gypsogenin and gypsogenin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside were significantly increased after chitosan treatments. Moreover, exogenous chitosan application dramatically triggered the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzyme activities and nitric oxide (NO) content in hairy roots. Comparative transcriptome analysis from chitosan-treated (1 and 9 d) or control groups revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were greatly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction and metabolic processes. The transcriptions of candidate DEGs involved in chitosan-elicited saponin metabolism were increased, especially genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and GR), stress-responsive transcription factors (WRKYs and NACs) and terpenoid biosynthetic enzymes (DXS, GPPS and SE). Taken together, these results indicate that chitosan elicitor promotes triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis by enhancing antioxidant activities, NO production and differential gene expression in P. tunicoides hairy roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Qiu
- School of Biology Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lingye Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zongshen Zhang
- School of Biology Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.
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3
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León J, Costa-Broseta Á. Present knowledge and controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions on nitric oxide synthesis, sensing, and signaling in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43. [PMID: 31323702 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
After 30 years of intensive work, nitric oxide (NO) has just started to be characterized as a relevant regulatory molecule on plant development and responses to stress. Its reactivity as a free radical determines its mode of action as an inducer of posttranslational modifications of key target proteins through cysteine S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration. Many of the NO-triggered regulatory actions are exerted in tight coordination with phytohormone signaling. This review not only summarizes and updates the information accumulated on how NO is synthesized, sensed, and transduced in plants but also makes emphasis on controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions that are hampering our present knowledge on the biology of NO in plants. The development of noninvasive accurate tools for the endogenous NO quantitation as well as the implementation of genetic approaches that overcome misleading pharmacological experiments will be critical for getting significant advances in better knowledge of NO homeostasis and regulatory actions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José León
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Costa-Broseta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Martínez-Medina A, Pescador L, Terrón-Camero LC, Pozo MJ, Romero-Puertas MC. Nitric oxide in plant-fungal interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4489-4503. [PMID: 31197351 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Whilst many interactions with fungi are detrimental for plants, others are beneficial and result in improved growth and stress tolerance. Thus, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to restrict pathogenic interactions while promoting mutualistic relationships. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of plant defence against fungal pathogens. NO triggers a reprograming of defence-related gene expression, the production of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties, and the hypersensitive response. More recent studies have shown a regulatory role of NO during the establishment of plant-fungal mutualistic associations from the early stages of the interaction. Indeed, NO has been recently shown to be produced by the plant after the recognition of root fungal symbionts, and to be required for the optimal control of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Although studies dealing with the function of NO in plant-fungal mutualistic associations are still scarce, experimental data indicate that different regulation patterns and functions for NO exist between plant interactions with pathogenic and mutualistic fungi. Here, we review recent progress in determining the functions of NO in plant-fungal interactions, and try to identify common and differential patterns related to pathogenic and mutualistic associations, and their impacts on plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leyre Pescador
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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5
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Zhai X, Jia M, Chen L, Zheng CJ, Rahman K, Han T, Qin LP. The regulatory mechanism of fungal elicitor-induced secondary metabolite biosynthesis in medical plants. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:238-261. [PMID: 27936989 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1201041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of external stress stimuli trigger plant cells to undergo complex network of reactions that ultimately lead to the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Accumulation of such metabolites often occurs in plants subjected to stresses including various elicitors or signal molecules. Throughout evolution, endophytic fungi, an important constituent in the environment of medicinal plants, have known to form long-term stable and mutually beneficial symbiosis with medicinal plants. The endophytic fungal elicitor can rapidly and specifically induce the expression of specific genes in medicinal plants which can result in the activation of a series of specific secondary metabolic pathways resulting in the significant accumulation of active ingredients. Here we summarize the progress made on the mechanisms of fungal elicitor including elicitor signal recognition, signal transduction, gene expression and activation of the key enzymes and its application. This review provides guidance on studies which may be conducted to promote the efficient synthesis and accumulation of active ingredients by the endogenous fungal elicitor in medicinal plant cells, and provides new ideas and methods of studying the regulation of secondary metabolism in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhai
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Min Jia
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ling Chen
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Cheng-Jian Zheng
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- b Department of Physiological Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Ting Han
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
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6
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Hossain MA, Bhattacharjee S, Armin SM, Qian P, Xin W, Li HY, Burritt DJ, Fujita M, Tran LSP. Hydrogen peroxide priming modulates abiotic oxidative stress tolerance: insights from ROS detoxification and scavenging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:420. [PMID: 26136756 PMCID: PMC4468828 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly challenged by various abiotic stresses that negatively affect growth and productivity worldwide. During the course of their evolution, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to recognize external signals allowing them to respond appropriately to environmental conditions, although the degree of adjustability or tolerance to specific stresses differs from species to species. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2; superoxide, [Formula: see text]; hydroxyl radical, OH(⋅) and singlet oxygen, (1)O2) is enhanced under abiotic and/or biotic stresses, which can cause oxidative damage to plant macromolecules and cell structures, leading to inhibition of plant growth and development, or to death. Among the various ROS, freely diffusible and relatively long-lived H2O2 acts as a central player in stress signal transduction pathways. These pathways can then activate multiple acclamatory responses that reinforce resistance to various abiotic and biotic stressors. To utilize H2O2 as a signaling molecule, non-toxic levels must be maintained in a delicate balancing act between H2O2 production and scavenging. Several recent studies have demonstrated that the H2O2-priming can enhance abiotic stress tolerance by modulating ROS detoxification and by regulating multiple stress-responsive pathways and gene expression. Despite the importance of the H2O2-priming, little is known about how this process improves the tolerance of plants to stress. Understanding the mechanisms of H2O2-priming-induced abiotic stress tolerance will be valuable for identifying biotechnological strategies to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. This review is an overview of our current knowledge of the possible mechanisms associated with H2O2-induced abiotic oxidative stress tolerance in plants, with special reference to antioxidant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Saed-Moucheshi Armin
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz UniversityShiraz, Iran
| | - Pingping Qian
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka UniversityToyonaka, Japan
| | - Wang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | | | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa UniversityTakamatsu, Japan
| | - Lam-Son P. Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
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7
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Nitrite reduction by molybdoenzymes: a new class of nitric oxide-forming nitrite reductases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:403-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Nitric oxide as a secondary messenger during stomatal closure as a part of plant immunity response against pathogens. Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Yue W, Ming QL, Lin B, Rahman K, Zheng CJ, Han T, Qin LP. Medicinal plant cell suspension cultures: pharmaceutical applications and high-yielding strategies for the desired secondary metabolites. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:215-32. [PMID: 24963701 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.923986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of plant tissue (including organ and cell) cultures for the production of secondary metabolites has been underway for more than three decades. Plant cell cultures with the production of high-value secondary metabolites are promising potential alternative sources for the production of pharmaceutical agents of industrial importance. Medicinal plant cell suspension cultures (MPCSC), which are characterized with the feature of fermentation with plant cell totipotency, could be a promising alternative "chemical factory". However, low productivity becomes an inevitable obstacle limiting further commercialization of MPCSC and the application to large-scale production is still limited to a few processes. This review generalizes and analyzes the recent progress of this bioproduction platform for the provision of medicinal chemicals and outlines a range of trials taken or underway to increase product yields from MPCSC. The scale-up of MPCSC, which could lead to an unlimited supply of pharmaceuticals, including strategies to overcome and solution of the associated challenges, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yue
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China .,b School of Life Science , East China Normal University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qian-Liang Ming
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Bing Lin
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- c Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Byrom Street , Liverpool , UK , and
| | - Cheng-Jian Zheng
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ting Han
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China .,d School of Forestry and Biotechnology , ZheJiang Agriculture & Forestry University , Lin'an , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
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10
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Li J, Zhu L, Lu G, Zhan XB, Lin CC, Zheng ZY. Curdlan β-1,3-glucooligosaccharides induce the defense responses against Phytophthora infestans infection of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. McCain G1) leaf cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97197. [PMID: 24816730 PMCID: PMC4016274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system before the invasion of pathogens is a promising way to improve the resistance of plant against infection while reducing the use of agricultural chemicals. Although several elicitors were used to induce the resistance of potato plant to microbial pathogen infection, the role of curdlan oligosaccharide (CurdO) has not been established. In the current study, the defense responses were investigated at biochemical and proteomic levels to elucidate the elicitation effect of CurdOs in foliar tissues of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. McCain G1). The results indicate that the CurdOs exhibit activation effect on the early- and late-defense responses in potato leaves. In addition, glucopentaose was proved to be the shortest active curdlan molecule based on the accumulation of H₂O₂ and salicylic acid and the activities of phenylalanine amino-lyase, β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase. The 2D-PAGE analysis reveals that CurdOs activate the integrated response reactions in potato cells, as a number of proteins with various functions are up-regulated including disease/defense, metabolism, transcription, and cell structure. The pathogenesis assay shows that the ratio of lesion area of potato leaf decreased from 15.82%±5.44% to 7.79%±3.03% when the plants were treated with CurdOs 1 day before the infection of Phytophthora infestans. Furthermore, the results on potato yield and induction reactions indicate that the defense responses induced by CurdOs lasted for short period of time but disappeared gradually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Jiangsu Rayguang Biotech Company, Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangxing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Bei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Rayguang Biotech Company, Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi-Chung Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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12
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Gayatri G, Agurla S, Raghavendra AS. Nitric oxide in guard cells as an important secondary messenger during stomatal closure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:425. [PMID: 24194741 PMCID: PMC3810675 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of guard cell function is the basis of stomatal closure, essential for optimizing water use and CO2 uptake by leaves. Nitric oxide (NO) in guard cells plays a very important role as a secondary messenger during stomatal closure induced by effectors, including hormones. For example, exposure to abscisic acid (ABA) triggers a marked increase in NO of guard cells, well before stomatal closure. In guard cells of multiple species, like Arabidopsis, Vicia and pea, exposure to ABA or methyl jasmonate or even microbial elicitors (e.g., chitosan) induces production of NO as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS). The role of NO in stomatal closure has been confirmed by using NO donors (e.g., SNP) and NO scavengers (like cPTIO) and inhibitors of NOS (L-NAME) or NR (tungstate). Two enzymes: a L-NAME-sensitive, nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like enzyme and a tungstate-sensitive nitrate reductase (NR), can mediate ABA-induced NO rise in guard cells. However, the existence of true NOS in plant tissues and its role in guard cell NO-production are still a matter of intense debate. Guard cell signal transduction leading to stomatal closure involves the participation of several components, besides NO, such as cytosolic pH, ROS, free Ca(2+), and phospholipids. Use of fluorescent dyes has revealed that the rise in NO of guard cells occurs after the increase in cytoplasmic pH and ROS. The rise in NO causes an elevation in cytosolic free Ca(2+) and promotes the efflux of cations as well as anions from guard cells. Stomatal guard cells have become a model system to study the signaling cascade mechanisms in plants, particularly with NO as a dominant component. The interrelationships and interactions of NO with cytosolic pH, ROS, and free Ca(2+) are quite complex and need further detailed examination. While assessing critically the available literature, the present review projects possible areas of further work related to NO-action in stomatal guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agepati S. Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad, India
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13
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Chen Q, Chen Z, Lu L, Jin H, Sun L, Yu Q, Xu H, Yang F, Fu M, Li S, Wang H, Xu M. Interaction between abscisic acid and nitric oxide in PB90-induced catharanthine biosynthesis of catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:994-1001. [PMID: 23554409 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Elicitations are considered to be an important strategy to improve production of secondary metabolites of plant cell cultures. However, mechanisms responsible for the elicitor-induced production of secondary metabolites of plant cells have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we report that treatment of Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures with PB90, a protein elicitor from Phytophthora boehmeriae, induced rapid increases of abscisic acid (ABA) and nitric oxide (NO), subsequently followed by the enhancement of catharanthine production and up-regulation of Str and Tdc, two important genes in catharanthine biosynthesis. PB90-induced catharanthine production and the gene expression were suppressed by the ABA inhibitor and NO scavenger respectively, showing that ABA and NO are essential for the elicitor-induced catharanthine biosynthesis. The relationship between ABA and NO in mediating catharanthine biosynthesis was further investigated. Treatment of the cells with ABA triggered NO accumulation and induced catharanthine production and up-regulation of Str and Tdc. ABA-induced catharanthine production and gene expressions were suppressed by the NO scavenger. Conversely, exogenous application of NO did not stimulate ABA generation and treatment with ABA inhibitor did not suppress NO-induced catharanthine production and gene expressions. Together, the results showed that both NO and ABA were involved in PB90-induced catharanthine biosynthesis of C. roseus cells. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that ABA acted upstream of NO in the signaling cascade leading to PB90-induced catharanthine biosynthesis of C. roseus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medical Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310035, China
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14
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Monjil MS, Shibata Y, Takemoto D, Kawakita K. Bis-aryl methanone compound is a candidate of nitric oxide producing elicitor and induces resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana against Phytophthora infestans. Nitric Oxide 2013; 29:34-45. [PMID: 23291305 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is important in some physiological responses of plants and plays a crucial role in the regulation of both defense responses and inducing resistance to fungal pathogens. NUBS-4190, a new bis-aryl-methanone compound elicited NO production and defense responses in Nicotiana benthamiana against Phytophthora infestans. NUBS-4190 induced resistance in N. benthamiana to P. infestans, without association of reactive oxygen generation and hypersensitive cell death. Callose induction was reduced in NUBS-4190-treated N. benthamiana leaves after challenge inoculation of P. infestans indicating the penetration resistance. Involvement of pathogenesis-related 1a (NbPR1a) and nitric oxide associated 1 (NbNOA1) genes in the induced resistance to N. benthamiana against P. infestans was found to be associated with resistance. Increased susceptibility in NbPR1a- and NbNOA1-silenced plants correlated with the constitutive accumulation of PR1a transcripts and NO associated salicylic acid. Moreover, reduced NO generation in NOA1 silenced N. benthamiana plants treated with NUBS-4190 indicated that NbNOA1 is involved in NUBS-4190-mediated NO production and is required for defense responses.
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15
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Liang ZS, Yang DF, Liang X, Zhang YJ, Liu Y, Liu FH. Roles of reactive oxygen species in methyl jasmonate and nitric oxide-induced tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:873-883. [PMID: 22189441 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicinal plants for treatment of coronary heart disease. Tanshinones are the main biological active compounds in S. miltiorrhiza. In this study, effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MJ) and nitric oxide (NO) on tanshinone production in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots were investigated and the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MJ and NO-induced tanshinone production were elucidated further. The results showed that contents of four tanshinone compounds were significantly increased by 100 μM MJ when compared to the control. Application of 100 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of NO, also resulted in a significant increase of tanshinone production. Expression of two key genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) was up-regulated by MJ and SNP. Generations of O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2) were triggered by MJ, but not by SNP. The increase of tanshinone production and up-regulation of HMGR and DXR expression induced by MJ were significantly inhibited by ROS scavengers, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). However, neither SOD nor CAT was able to suppress the SNP-induced increase of tanshinone production and expression of HMGR and DXR gene. In conclusion, tanshinone production was significantly stimulated by MJ and SNP. Of four tanshinone compounds, cryptotanshinone accumulation was most affected by MJ elicitation, while cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA accumulation was more affected by SNP elicitation. ROS mediated MJ-induced tanshinone production, but SNP-induced tanshinone production was ROS independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Suo Liang
- College of Life Science of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang B, Zheng LP, Wang JW. Nitric oxide elicitation for secondary metabolite production in cultured plant cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:455-66. [PMID: 22089384 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signal molecule in stress responses. Accumulation of secondary metabolites often occurs in plants subjected to stresses including various elicitors or signal molecules. NO has been reported to play important roles in elicitor-induced secondary metabolite production in tissue and cell cultures of medicinal plants. Better understanding of NO role in the biosynthesis of such metabolites is very important for optimizing the commercial production of those pharmaceutically significant secondary metabolites. This paper summarizes progress made on several aspects of NO signal leading to the production of plant secondary metabolites, including various abiotic and biotic elicitors that induce NO production, elicitor-triggered NO generation cascades, the impact of NO on growth development and programmed cell death in medicinal plants, and NO-mediated regulation of the biosynthetic pathways of such metabolites. Cross-talks among NO signaling and reactive oxygen species, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid are discussed. Some perspectives on the application of NO donors for induction of the secondary metabolite accumulation in plant cultures are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Nitrate reductase-mediated nitric oxide generation is essential for fungal elicitor-induced camptothecin accumulation of Camptotheca acuminata suspension cell cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1073-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wang JW, Zheng LP, Zhang B, Zou T. Stimulation of artemisinin synthesis by combined cerebroside and nitric oxide elicitation in Artemisia annua hairy roots. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:285-92. [PMID: 19562334 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This work examined the accumulation of artemisinin and related secondary metabolism pathways in hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua L. induced by a fungal-derived cerebroside (2S,2'R,3R,3'E,4E,8E)-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2-N-(2'-hydroxy-3'-octadecenoyl)-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine. The presence of the cerebroside induced nitric oxide (NO) burst and artemisinin biosynthesis in the hairy roots. The endogenous NO generation was examined to be involved in the cerebroside-induced biosynthesis of artemisinin by using NO inhibitors, N (omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. The gene expression and activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase were stimulated by the cerebroside, but more strongly by the potentiation of NO. While the mevalonate pathway inhibitor, mevinolin, only partially inhibited the induced artemisinin accumulation, the plastidic 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway inhibitor, fosmidomycin, nearly arrested artemisinin accumulation induced by cerebroside and the combination elicitation with an NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP). With the potentiation by SNP at 10 microM, the cerebroside elicitor stimulated artemisinin production in 20-day-old hairy root cultures up to 22.4 mg/l, a 2.3-fold increase over the control. These results suggest that cerebroside plays as a novel elicitor and the involvement of NO in the signaling pathway of the elicitor activity for artemisinin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Wu SJ, Qi JL, Zhang WJ, Liu SH, Xiao FH, Zhang MS, Xu GH, Zhao WG, Shi MW, Pang YJ, Shen HG, Yang YH. Nitric oxide regulates shikonin formation in suspension-cultured Onosma paniculatum cells. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:118-28. [PMID: 19022805 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endogenously occurring nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of shikonin formation in Onosma paniculatum cells. NO generated after cells were inoculated into shikonin production medium reached the highest level after 2 d of culture, which was 16 times that at the beginning of the experiment, and maintained a high level for 6 d. A nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), and a nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor, sodium azide (SoA), consistent with their inhibition of NO biosynthesis, decreased shikonin formation significantly. This reduction could be alleviated or even abolished by exogenous NO supplied by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), suggesting that the inhibition of NO biosynthesis resulted in decreased shikonin formation. However, when endogenous NO biosynthesis was up-regulated by the elicitor from Rhizoctonia cerealis, shikonin production was enhanced further, showing a dependence on the elicitor-induced NO burst. Real-time PCR analysis showed that NO could significantly up-regulate the expression of PAL, PGT and HMGR, which encode key enzymes involved in shikonin biosynthesis. These results demonstrated that NO plays a critical role in shikonin formation in O. paniculatum cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Wu
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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Xiao WH, Cheng JS, Yuan YJ. Spatial-temporal distribution of nitric oxide involved in regulation of phenylalanine ammonialyase activation and Taxol production in immobilized Taxus cuspidata cells. J Biotechnol 2008; 139:222-8. [PMID: 19103236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The generation of nitric oxide (NO) in Taxus cuspidata in immobilized support matrices and the potential role of NO as signal molecular in regulation of Taxol production were investigated. It was found that the immobilization induced a spatial and temporal-dependent NO burst in immobilized supported matrices. NO level reached the maximum in the central zone of immobilized supported matrices on day 20, which was more than twice compared with that in suspended cells. Further investigations showed that the phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity and Taxol production of the 20-day-old immobilized T. cuspidata cells increased by onefold and 11% after 4h treatment with 20 microM NO donor (sodium nitroprusside), respectively. NO inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine and NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxyde partially blocked PAL activity and Taxol accumulation in immobilized cells. These results suggest that NO plays a signal role in regulation of PAL activity and Taxol production in immobilized T. cuspidata cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hai Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
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Zheng LP, Guo YT, Wang JW, Tan RX. Nitric oxide potentiates oligosaccharide-induced artemisinin production in Artemisia annua hairy roots. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 50:49-55. [PMID: 18666951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2007.00589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to characterize the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in Artemisia annua roots induced by an oligosaccharide elicitor (OE) from Fusarium oxysporum mycelium and the potentiation role of NO in the elicitation of artemisinin accumulation. The OE (0.3 mg total sugar/mL) induced a rapid production of NO in cultures, which exhibited a biphasic time course, reaching the first plateau within 1.5 h and the second within 8 h of OE treatment. Artemisinin content in 20-day-old hairy roots was increased from 0.7 mg/g dry wt to 1.3 mg/g dry wt by using the OE treatment for 4 d. In the absence of OE, the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at 10, 50 microM and 100 microM enhanced the growth of hairy roots, but had no effect on artemisinin synthesis. The combination of SNP with OE increased artemisinin content from 1.2 mg/g dry wt to 2.2 mg/g dry wt, whereas the maximum production of artemisinin in cultures was 28.5 mg/L, a twofold increase over the OE treatment alone. The effects of SNP on the OE-induced artemisinin were suppressed strongly by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO). The results suggest that NO can strongly potentiate elicitor-induced artemisinin synthesis in A. annua hairy roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Zheng
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Vandelle E, Delledonne M. Methods for Nitric Oxide Detection during Plant–Pathogen Interactions. Methods Enzymol 2008; 437:575-94. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(07)37029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhao J, Fujita K, Sakai K. Reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and their interactions play different roles in Cupressus lusitanica cell death and phytoalexin biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 175:215-229. [PMID: 17587371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Beta-thujaplicin Is a natural troponoid with strong antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer activities. Beta-thujaplicin production in yeast elicitor-treated Cupressus lusitanica cell culture and its relationships with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production and hypersensitive cell death were investigated. Superoxide anion radical (O2*-) induced cell death and inhibited beta-thujaplicin accumulation, whereas hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced beta-thujaplicin accumulation but did not significantly affect cell death. Both elicitor and O2*- induced programmed cell death, which can be blocked by protease inhibitors, protein kinase inhibitors, and Ca2+ chelators. Elicitor-induced NO generation was nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent. Inhibition of NO generation by NOS inhibitors and NO scavenger partly blocked the elicitor-induced beta-thujaplicin accumulation and cell death, and NO donors strongly induced cell death. Interaction among NO, H2O2, and O2*- shows that NO production and H2O2 production are interdependent, but NO and O2*- accumulation were negatively related because of coconsumption of NO and O2*-. NO- and O2*- -induced cell death required each other, and both were required for elicitor-induced cell death. A direct interaction between NO and O2*- was implicated in the production of a potent oxidant peroxynitrite, which might mediate the elicitor-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Laboratory of Forest Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Koki Fujita
- Laboratory of Forest Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kokki Sakai
- Laboratory of Forest Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Xu M, Dong J. Nitric oxide mediates the fungal elicitor-induced taxol biosynthesis of Taxus chinensis suspension cells through the reactive oxygen species-dependent and -independent signal pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-006-2081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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