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Kim JH, Ra JH, Kang H, Park SD, Shim JJ, Lee JL. Lactobacillus paracasei HP7 with Portulaca oleracea Linn. Alleviates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Decline via Regulation of Neurotrophic Factor and Inflammation Signals in Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:414-422. [PMID: 36721752 PMCID: PMC9843713 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
People often experience cognitive deterioration of various degrees, from early-stage mild cognitive impairment to severe cognitive decline. Cognitive deterioration is related to many diseases and studied to alleviated inflammation reaction or oxidative stress. In the present study, the levels of various memory-related proteins: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), amyloid beta (Aβ) 42, Aβ40, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured. Among Lactobacillus paracasei HP7 (HP7), Portulaca oleracea Linn. (PO) and HP7 together with PO (HP7A), the HP7A group had the best effect on increasing BDNF expression and suppressing Aβ40 expression. Also, we measured the protective effect on scopolamine-induced cognitive decline in mice. In the acquisition test, the HP7A group most reliably relieved cognitive decline from days 2 to 5 of scopolamine injection. When the probe test was performed on the day 6 of scopolamine injection, the HP7A group had the shortest escape latency. Based on the results of the Morris water maze tasks, we suggest that HP7A is most useful for ameliorating cognitive decline. It is suggested that the HP7A ameliorating scopolamine-induced cognitive decline via the increase of BDNF expression and the suppression of Aβ40 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | - Je Hyeon Ra
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | - Heerim Kang
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | | | | | - Jung-Lyoul Lee
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea,
Correspondence to Jung-Lyoul Lee, E-mail:
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Sajeev A, Hegde M, Girisa S, Devanarayanan TN, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sil SK, Sethi G, Chen JT, Kunnumakkara AB. Oroxylin A: A Promising Flavonoid for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091185. [PMID: 36139025 PMCID: PMC9496116 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been magnificent advancements in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of chronic diseases over the past several years, but these diseases continue to be a considerable cause of death worldwide. Most of the approved medications available for the prevention and treatment of these diseases target only a single gene/protein/pathway and are known to cause severe side effects and are less effective than they are anticipated. Consequently, the development of finer therapeutics that outshine the existing ones is far-reaching. Natural compounds have enormous applications in curbing several disastrous and fatal diseases. Oroxylin A (OA) is a flavonoid obtained from the plants Oroxylum indicum, Scutellaria baicalensis, and S. lateriflora, which have distinctive pharmacological properties. OA modulates the important signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, ERK1/2, Wnt/β-catenin, PTEN/PI3K/Akt, and signaling molecules, such as TNF-α, TGF-ꞵ, MMPs, VEGF, interleukins, Bcl-2, caspases, HIF-1α, EMT proteins, Nrf-2, etc., which play a pivotal role in the molecular mechanism of chronic diseases. Overwhelming pieces of evidence expound on the anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-cancer potentials of this flavonoid, which makes it an engrossing compound for research. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies also displayed the promising potential of OA against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, neurological disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, etc. Therefore, the current review focuses on delineating the role of OA in combating different chronic diseases and highlighting the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Thulasidharan Nair Devanarayanan
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Center, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Samir Kumar Sil
- Cell Physiology and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-T.C.); (A.B.K.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Correspondence: (J.-T.C.); (A.B.K.)
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Wu ZH, Fan H, Gao SY, Jin YF, Cheng chen, Jiang B, Shen J. Antidepressant-like activity of oroxylin A in mice models of depression: A behavioral and neurobiological characterization. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921553. [PMID: 35959431 PMCID: PMC9360618 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mood disorder which causes a huge economic burden to both families and societies. However, those monoamine-based antidepressants used in clinical practice have been found to have various limitations. Therefore, currently it is very necessary to explore novel antidepressant targets and medications. As a main active component extracted from Scutellariae radix, oroxylin A possesses many pharmacological functions such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. Here, the present study aims to investigate whether oroxylin A possess antidepressant-like actions using the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and chronic restraint stress (CRS) models of depression, forced swim test, tail suspension test, open field test, sucrose preference test, western blotting, immunofluorescence and viral-mediated gene interference. Our results revealed that treatment of oroxylin A fully prevented both the CUMS-induced and CRS-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. Moreover, the protecting effects of oroxylin A against CUMS and CRS on mice behaviors were accompanied with a significant enhancement on the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated tyrosine kinase B (pTrkB), phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (pCREB) and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, genetic knockdown of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus remarkably abolished the antidepressant-like efficacy of oroxylin A in both the CUMS and CRS models of depression, proving that the hippocampal BDNF-TrkB system participates in the antidepressant mechanism of oroxylin A. In summary, our findings are the first evidence showing that oroxylin A possesses potential of being an antidepressant candidate.
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Chien JY, Lin SF, Chou YY, Huang CYF, Huang SP. Protective Effects of Oroxylin A on Retinal Ganglion Cells in Experimental Model of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060902. [PMID: 34204966 PMCID: PMC8226497 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common cause of acute vision loss in older people, and there is no effective therapy. The effect of the systemic or local application of steroids for NAION patients remains controversial. Oroxylin A (OA) (5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) is a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Scutellariae baicalensis Georgi. with various beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. A previous study showed that OA promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after optic nerve (ON) crush injury. The purpose of this research was to further explore the potential actions of OA in ischemic injury in an experimental anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION) rat model induced by photothrombosis. Our results show that OA efficiently attenuated ischemic injury in rats by reducing optic disc edema, the apoptotic death of retinal ganglion cells, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, OA significantly ameliorated the pathologic changes of demyelination, modulated microglial polarization, and preserved visual function after rAION induction. OA activated nuclear factor E2 related factor (Nrf2) signaling and its downstream antioxidant enzymes NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the retina. We demonstrated that OA activates Nrf2 signaling, protecting retinal ganglion cells from ischemic injury, in the rAION model and could potentially be used as a therapeutic approach in ischemic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Chien
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Fang Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Yau Chou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.F.H.); (S.-P.H.); Tel.: +886-2-28267904 (C.-Y.F.H.); +886-3-8565301#2664 (S.-P.H.)
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung 472, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.F.H.); (S.-P.H.); Tel.: +886-2-28267904 (C.-Y.F.H.); +886-3-8565301#2664 (S.-P.H.)
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Oh Y, Do HTT, Kim S, Kim YM, Chin YW, Cho J. Memory-Enhancing Effects of Mangosteen Pericarp Water Extract through Antioxidative Neuroprotection and Anti-Apoptotic Action. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010034. [PMID: 33396950 PMCID: PMC7823671 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangosteen has long been utilized as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. Diverse extracts of mangosteen pericarp and its bioactive xanthones exhibit various bioactivities. However, the pharmacological potential of mangosteen pericarp water extract (MPW) has not been reported yet. This study used primary cultured rat cortical cells to investigate the effect of MPW on neurotoxicity. We found that MPW inhibited neurotoxicity and production of reactive oxygen species triggered by Aβ(25–35) or excitatory amino acids. MPW inhibited caspase 3 activation and DNA fragmentation in Aβ(25–35)- or N-methyl-D-aspartate-treated cells, suggesting an anti-apoptotic action. Additionally, MPW reduced lipid peroxidation and scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, assuring its antioxidant property. Furthermore, MPW suppressed β-secretase and acetylcholinesterase activities. These findings prompted us to evaluate its effect on memory dysfunction in scopolamine-treated mice using Morris water maze test. Oral administration of MPW at the dosage of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg for four days significantly decreased the latency time to find the platform and markedly increased the swimming time in the target quadrant. Taken together, our results suggest that MPW exerts memory-enhancing effect through antioxidative neuroprotection and anti-apoptotic action. Accordingly, MPW may have a potential to prevent or treat memory impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsoo Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro 32, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Korea; (Y.O.); (H.T.T.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Ha Thi Thu Do
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro 32, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Korea; (Y.O.); (H.T.T.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro 32, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Korea; (Y.O.); (H.T.T.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.-M.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.-M.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro 32, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Korea; (Y.O.); (H.T.T.D.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5211
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Lum PT, Sekar M, Gan SH, Pandy V, Bonam SR. Protective effect of mangiferin on memory impairment: A systematic review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:917-927. [PMID: 33424383 PMCID: PMC7783829 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory impairment (MI) is one of the predominant criteria generally used to identify schizophrenia, dementia and amnesia that are associated with neurodegenerative disorders by evaluating patient’s cognitive symptoms. To date, there is no available treatment that can completely mitigate MI. Currently, there is a trend in recent investigations towards symptomatic therapy approaches using a variety of natural compounds. Mangiferin is one of them that have been investigated extensively. Mangiferin is a naturally occurring potent glucoxilxanthone and is mainly isolated from the Mangifera indica (Mango) plant. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview on the efficacy of mangiferin on MI, based on in-vivo animal studies. After screening through articles identified from Scopus and PubMed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 11 articles between 2009 and 2019 were included. The minimum and maximum dose of mangiferin were 10 and 200 mg/kg respectively and administered over the period of 12–154 days. The results of 11 articles showed that mangiferin effectively improved spatial recognition, episodic aversive events, short- and long-term memories primarily occurring via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The outcomes of the review revealed that mangiferin improves memory and cognitive impairment in different animal models, indicating that it has potential preventive and therapeutic roles in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe- Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université De Paris, Paris, France
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HE ZJ, BAI Y, ZHAO QH, OUYANG P, NI JZ, LIU Q, GAN WB, ZHANG XJ. Application of in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging and Metal Ion Detection for Investigation of Bis(ethylmaltolato) Oxidovanadium (IV) on Alzheimer's Disease. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hemantha HP, Ramanujam R, Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K. An unambiguous and practical synthesis of Oroxylin A: a commonly misidentified flavone. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1413-1420. [PMID: 31402703 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1650359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Oroxylin A, a major flavonoid in the extracts of Oroxylum indicum as well as Scutellaria baicalensis possesses useful medicinal properties. Many of the published routes claiming the synthesis of Oroxylin A (1) have in fact led to a regioisomer Negletein that was misinterpreted as Oroxylin A. In the present work, we describe a novel, straight-forward and scalable semi-synthetic approach for rapid access to the title compound, the structure of which is unambiguously secured by NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis of a derivative. This work also encompasses the synthesis of a glycosylated derivative of Oroxylin A viz OAGME (2), which has marked pharmacological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Ltd, Bangalore, India.,Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, New Jersey, USA
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Oyemitan IA, Elusiyan CA, Akinkunmi EO, Obuotor EM, Akanmu MA, Olugbade TA. Memory enhancing, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of β-phenylnitroethane and essential oil of Dennettia tripetala Baker f. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:256-261. [PMID: 30342196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dennettia tripetala Baker f. belonging to the family Annonaceae is an important food and medicinal plant used in some local communities in Southwest Nigeria. AIMS OF THE STUDY The study aims at determining the chemical composition of the essential oil of different morphological parts of D. tripetala, the memory enhancing and anticholinesterase activities as well as the antimicrobial properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Essential oil of the morphological parts namely the fresh fruits, dried fruits, dried seeds and fresh leaves were obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The oil samples were evaluated for memory enhancement using Y-maze and in vitro anticholinesterase activities. The antimicrobial properties were also evaluated by nutrient broth method. RESULTS GC analysis identifies β-ocimene, linalool, β-phenylnitroethane and humulene as common constituents of the fresh fruits, dried fruits, dried seeds and fresh leaves. β-Phenylnitroethane (BPNE) was the predominant constituent of all the parts; with the dried seed containing 87.4% BPNE, followed by the dried fruit (78.1%), fresh leaf (62.9%) and the fresh fruit content was 61.6%. The second most predominant constituent, linalool, was highest in the fresh fruit (29.9%), followed by the fresh leaf (16.0%), the dried fruit (14.9%) and the dried seed had least linalool content (8.8%). (Z)- β-Ocimene and humulene were other common components. The seed oil and BPNE exhibited high memory enhancing activities in the Y-maze test. However, the seed oil exhibited the best inhibition against the test bacteria and it had a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Bioactivities demonstrated by the various essential oils were not solely due to BPNE; rather, synergistic effects of other components are quite obvious. CONCLUSION The most abundant component - β-phenylnitroethane of D. tripetala was totally responsible for its memory enhancing properties but could not solely account for its antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris A Oyemitan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Christianah A Elusiyan
- Drug Research and Production Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Ezekiel O Akinkunmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Efere M Obuotor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Moses A Akanmu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Tiwalade A Olugbade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Xu YM, Wang XC, Xu TT, Li HY, Hei SY, Luo NC, Wang H, Zhao W, Fang SH, Chen YB, Guan L, Fang YQ, Zhang SJ, Wang Q, Liang WX. Kai Xin San ameliorates scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:794-804. [PMID: 30688265 PMCID: PMC6375048 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.249227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kai Xin San (KXS, containing ginseng, hoelen, polygala, and acorus), a traditional Chinese herbal compound, has been found to regulate cognitive dysfunction; however, its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, 72 specific-pathogen-free male Kunming mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into a vehicle control group, scopolamine group, low-dose KXS group, moderate-dose KXS group, high-dose KXS group, and positive control group. Except for the vehicle control group and scopolamine groups (which received physiological saline), the doses of KXS (0.7, 1.4 and 2.8 g/kg per day) and donepezil (3 mg/kg per day) were gastrointestinally administered once daily for 2 weeks. On day 8 after intragastric treatment, the behavioral tests were carried out. Scopolamine group and intervention groups received scopolamine 3 mg/kg per day through intraperitoneal injection. The effects of KXS on spatial learning and memory, pathological changes of brain tissue, expression of apoptosis factors, oxidative stress injury factors, synapse-associated protein, and cholinergic neurotransmitter were measured. The results confirmed the following. (1) KXS shortened the escape latency and increased residence time in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossings in the Morris water maze. (2) KXS increased the percentage of alternations between the labyrinth arms in the mice of KXS groups in the Y-maze. (3) Nissl and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining revealed that KXS promoted the production of Nissl bodies and inhibited the formation of apoptotic bodies. (4) Western blot assay showed that KXS up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax. KXS up-regulated the expression of postsynaptic density 95, synaptophysin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. (5) KXS increased the level and activity of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and reduced the level and activity of acetyl cholinesterase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde through acting on the cholinergic system and reducing oxidative stress damage. These results indicate that KXS plays a neuroprotective role and improves cognitive function through reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress, and regulating synapse-associated protein and cholinergic neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin-Chen Wang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Ying Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shang-Yan Hei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Na-Chuan Luo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu-Huan Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun-Bo Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Guan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Qi Fang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Liang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Guan ZF, Zhang XM, Tao YH, Zhang Y, Huang YY, Chen G, Tang WJ, Ji G, Guo QL, Liu M, Zhang Q, Wang NN, Yu ZY, Wu GF, Tang ZP, Du ZG, Shang XL, Liu YC, Mei GH, Guo JC, Zhou HG. EGb761 improves the cognitive function of elderly db/db -/- diabetic mice by regulating the beclin-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1887-1897. [PMID: 30187180 PMCID: PMC6244769 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To assess whether EGb761 could protect elderly diabetic mice with cognitive disorders and explore the role of beclin-1-mediated autophagy in these protective effects. Two-month-old male db/db-/- mice and wild-type C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into six groups: db/db-/- control, db/db-/- 50 mg, db/db-/- 100 mg, wild-type (WT) control, WT 50 mg, and WT 100 mg. EGb761 (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of bodyweight) was given by gavage once a day for 1 month from the age of 6 months. Y-maze and social choice tests were performed at 8th months. The blood pressure was measured. The imaging changes in the brain were measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The expression and distribution of beclin-1, LC3, and NF-κB were detected using immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting. Ultrastructure alterations in the hippocampus were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Compared with WT mice, the learning ability, memory and overall cognitive function of db/db-/- mice decreased (P < 0.05), and EGb761 could significantly improve the learning and memory function of db/db-/- mice (P < 0.05). EGb761 significantly improved systolic blood pressure in db/db-/- mice (P < 0.01). In addition, fMRI-bold showed a decline in the hippocampus of mice in the db/db-/- group compared with WT. EGb761 could improve these above changes. Immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting confirmed that EGb761 significantly increased beclin-1 and reduced LC3-II/I levels in the brains of db/db-/- mice (P < 0.05). NF-κB levels were obviously higher in the db/db-/- group than that in the WT group, and EGb761 significantly reduced NF-κB levels in db/db-/- mice (P < 0.05). There was a trend of increased autophagosomes in db/db-/- mice, but EGb761 did not change obviously the number of autophagosomes. Compared with normal aged WT mice, aging db/db-/- mice had more common complications of cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive dysfunction. EGb761 could significantly improve the cognitive function of aging db/db-/- mice via a mechanism that may involve the regulation of beclin-1, LC3, and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Fei Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying-Hong Tao
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yan-Yan Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wei-Jun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi-Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guo-Feng Wu
- Department of Emergency Neurology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Zhou-Ping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Zun-Guo Du
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xi-Liang Shang
- Department of Sport Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying-Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Guang-Hai Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jing-Chun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hou-Guang Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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12
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Preparation, characterization, solubilization and antioxidant activity of polyamine modified β-cyclodextrins with baicalein inclusion complexes. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-018-0871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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13
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Zhang XJ, Liu S, Xing JP, Liu ZQ, Song FR. Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on flavonoid pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after oral administration of Radix Scutellaria extract in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:418-427. [PMID: 30047463 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Radix Scutellaria is widely applied to the treatment of diabetes mellitus in China. Its main bioactive constituents contain baicalin, wogonoside, oroxyloside, and their aglycones. To investigate the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on both pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of these flavonoid compounds, the six flavonoids in plasma and tissues from the normal and type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of Radix Scutellaria extract were simultaneously measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. The results showed that baicalin, wogonoside, and oroxyloside had higher Cmax and AUC values (P < 0.05) in type 2 diabetic rats than that in normal rats and the tissue-distribution behaviors of the six flavonoid compounds in hearts, livers, spleens, lungs, kidneys, brains, pancreas, fat and muscle of the type 2 diabetic rats showed obviously differences from the normal rats (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the differences in the pharmacokinetics of oroxyloside and tissue distribution of the six flavanoids in Radix Scutellaria extract between diabetic and normal rats were found for the first time. The results from the present study provided a crucial basis for a better understanding of in vivo anti-diabetic mechanism of action of the six flavonoids from Radix Scutellaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ju Zhang
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jun-Peng Xing
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Feng-Rui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
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Çiçek SS. Structure-Dependent Activity of Natural GABA(A) Receptor Modulators. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071512. [PMID: 29932138 PMCID: PMC6100244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA(A) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels consisting of five subunits from eight subfamilies, each assembled in four hydrophobic transmembrane domains. This pentameric structure not only allows different receptor binding sites, but also various types of ligands, such as orthosteric agonists and antagonists, positive and negative allosteric modulators, as well as second-order modulators and non-competitive channel blockers. A fact, that is also displayed by the variety of chemical structures found for both, synthetic as well as nature-derived GABA(A)-receptor modulators. This review covers the literature for natural GABA(A)-receptor modulators until the end of 2017 and discusses their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Sezai Çiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Protective effects of cultured and fermented ginseng extracts against scopolamine-induced memory loss in a mouse model. Lab Anim Res 2018; 34:37-43. [PMID: 29628975 PMCID: PMC5876162 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of a concentrate of fermented wild ginseng root culture (HLJG0701) on memory improvement in the scopolamine (SPL)-induced memory-deficient mouse model. Eight-week-old male ICR mice were used to evaluate the protective effect of HLJG0701 against the SPL-induced memory loss animal model. The Morris water maze test, which measures hippocampus-dependent learning ability, and the Y-maze test, a short-term memory assessment test, were performed and related markers were analyzed. HLJG0701-treated groups displayed significantly reduced acetylcholinesterase activity and increased acetylcholine level compared with the SPL-administered group (SPL-G) (P<0.05). In the Y-maze test, the spontaneous alternation in al HLJG0711-treated groups was significantly increased compared with that in SPL-G (P<0.05). In the Morris water maze test, the escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant in all HLJG0701-treated groups were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, compared with those in SPL-G (P<0.05). In addition, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in groups treated with HLJG0701 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight was significantly increased compared with that in SPL-G (P<0.05). These results suggest that the HLJG0701 may protect against memory loss by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and preventing acetylcholine deficiency.
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Satou T, Hanashima Y, Mizutani I, Koike K. The effect of inhalation of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis
on scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's type dementia model mice. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Satou
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; International University of Health and Welfare; 2600-1 Kitakanemaru Ohtawara City, Tochigi 324-8501 Japan
| | - Yuki Hanashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Iho Mizutani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
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17
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Ayokun-nun Ajao A, Alimi AA, Olatunji OA, Balogun FO, Saheed SA. A synopsis of anti-psychotic medicinal plants in Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0035919x.2017.1386138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Comparative Studies on Behavioral, Cognitive and Biomolecular Profiling of ICR, C57BL/6 and Its Sub-Strains Suitable for Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Models. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081735. [PMID: 28792471 PMCID: PMC5578125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and behavioral disparities are the distinctive baseline features to investigate in most animal models of neurodegenerative disease. However, neuronal complications are multifactorial and demand a suitable animal model to investigate their underlying basal mechanisms. By contrast, the numerous existing neurodegenerative studies have utilized various animal strains, leading to factual disparity. Choosing an optimal mouse strain for preliminary assessment of neuronal complications is therefore imperative. In this study, we systematically compared the behavioral, cognitive, cholinergic, and inflammatory impairments of outbred ICR and inbred C57BL/6 mice strains subject to scopolamine-induced amnesia. We then extended this study to the sub-strains C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J, where in addition to the above-mentioned parameters, their endogenous antioxidant levels and cAMP response-element binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression were also evaluated. Compared with the ICR strain, the scopolamine-inflicted C57BL/6 strains exhibited a substantial reduction of spontaneous alternation and an approximately two-fold increase in inflammatory protein expression, compared to the control group. Among the sub-strains, scopolamine-treated C57BL/6N strains exhibited declined step-through latency, elevated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and inflammatory protein expression, associated with reduced endogenous antioxidant levels and p-CREB/BDNF expression, compared to the control and tacrine-treated groups. This indicates that the C57BL/6N strains exhibit significantly enhanced scopolamine-induced neuronal impairment compared to the other evaluated strains.
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She DT, Jo DG, Arumugam TV. Emerging Roles of Sirtuins in Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 8:10.1007/s12975-017-0544-4. [PMID: 28656393 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is characterized by a sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain causing cell death and damage, which will lead to neurological impairments. In the current state, only one drug is approved to be used in clinical setting and new therapies that confer ischemic neuroprotection are desperately needed. Several targets and pathways have been indicated to be neuroprotective in ischemic stroke, among which the sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases has emerged as important modulators of several processes in the normal physiology and pathological conditions such as stroke. Recent studies have identified some members of the sirtuin family are able to ameliorate the devastating consequences of ischemic stroke by conferring neuroprotection by means of reducing neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation whereas some sirtuins are found to be detrimental in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. This review summarizes implications of sirtuins in ischemic stroke and the experimental evidences that demonstrate the potential of sirtuin modulators as neuroprotective therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T She
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Liu W, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Qi S, Wang Y, Ma C, Li S, Jiang B, Cheng X, Wang Z, Xuan Z, Wang C. Anti-amnesic effect of extract and alkaloid fraction from aerial parts of Peganum harmala on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 204:95-106. [PMID: 28442406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aerial parts of Peganum harmala Linn (APP) is used as traditional medical herb for treatment of forgetfulness in Uighur medicine in China. But, the active ingredients and underlying mechanisms are unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to investigate the improvement effects of extract and alkaloid fraction from APP on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action, and to support its folk use with scientific evidence, and lay a foundation for its further researches. MATERIALS AND METHODS The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of extract (EXT), alkaloid fraction (ALK) and flavonoid fraction (FLA) from APP were evaluated in normal male C57BL/6 mice. The anti-amnesic effects of EXT and ALK from APP were measured in scopolamine-induced memory deficits mice by the Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. The levels of biomarkers, enzyme activity and protein expression of cholinergic system were determined in brain tissues. RESULTS The AChE activity was significantly decreased and the content of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) was significantly increased in normal mice cortex and hippocampus by treatment with donepezil at dosage of 8mg/kg, EXT at dosages of 183, 550, 1650mg/kg and ALK at dosages of 10, 30, 90mg/kg (P<0.05), and the AChE activity and the content of ACh were not significantly changed in cortex and hippocampus after treatment with FLA at dosages of 10, 30, 90mg/kg (P>0.05). In the MWM task, scopolamine-induced a decrease in both the swimming time within the target zone and the number of crossings where the platform had been placed were significantly reversed by treatment with EXT at dosages of 550, 1650mg/kg and ALK at dosages of 30, 90mg/kg (P<0.05). Moreover, the activity and protein expression of AChE was significantly decreased and the content of neurotransmitter ACh was significantly increased in cerebral cortex of scopolamine-induced mice by treatment with EXT at dosages of 183, 550, 1650mg/kg and ALK at dosages of 10, 30, 90mg/kg (P<0.05), compared with scopolamine-treated group. CONCLUSIONS EXT and ALK from APP exert beneficial effect on learning and memory processes in mice with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. APP is an effective traditional folk medicine and the ALK fraction is proved to be the main effective components for the treatment of forgetfulness. The ALK may be valuable source for lead compounds discovery and drug development for treatment of memory impairment such as in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yudan Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shenglan Qi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Suzhou Youseen New Drug R&D Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Jeon SJ, Kim B, Ryu B, Kim E, Lee S, Jang DS, Ryu JH. Biflorin Ameliorates Memory Impairments Induced by Cholinergic Blockade in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:249-258. [PMID: 27829270 PMCID: PMC5424634 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the effect of biflorin, a component of Syzygium aromaticum, on memory deficit, we introduced a scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit mouse model. A single administration of biflorin increased latency time in the passive avoidance task, ameliorated alternation behavior in the Y-maze, and increased exploration time in the Morris water maze task, indicating the improvement of cognitive behaviors against cholinergic dysfunction. The biflorin-induced reverse of latency in the scopolamine-treated group was attenuated by MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist. Biflorin also enhanced cognitive function in a naïve mouse model. To understand the mechanism of biflorin for memory amelioration, we performed Western blot. Biflorin increased the activation of protein kinase C-ζ and its downstream signaling molecules in the hippocampus. These results suggest that biflorin ameliorates drug-induced memory impairment by modulation of protein kinase C-ζ signaling in mice, implying that biflorin could function as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of cognitive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseong Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Fong SYK, Li C, Ho YC, Li R, Wang Q, Wong YC, Xue H, Zuo Z. Brain Uptake of Bioactive Flavones in Scutellariae Radix and Its Relationship to Anxiolytic Effect in Mice. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2908-2916. [PMID: 28426226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Scutellariae Radix (SR) and its bioactive flavones elicit a variety of effects in the brain. However, the brain uptake of individual SR flavones and its relationship to the elicited effects after SR administration remain unknown. Moreover, previous studies seldom measured pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic outcomes simultaneously. In the current study, the brain uptake of six major SR flavones and the anxiolytic behavior following oral administration of a SR extract at two clinically relevant doses (600 and 1200 mg/kg twice daily) were simultaneously investigated in mice (n = 18 per group). Brain and plasma concentrations of the flavones were measured by LC-MS/MS, while the anxiolytic effect was evaluated using the elevated plus maze. To further investigate the mechanism behind the differential brain uptake of the six SR flavones, these flavones were separately administered to mice at an equivalent molar oral dose (n = 6). The brain tissue bindings of the SR flavones were also measured with the in vitro brain slice method. Our results indicated that all six SR flavones including three aglycons (baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A) and three glucuronides (baicalin, wogonoside, and oroxyloside) could pass through the blood-brain barrier, with brain concentrations ranging from 7.9 to 224.0 pmol/g. It provided novel evidence that oroxylin A had the highest brain uptake among the six SR flavones regardless of its limited content in SR extract, in which 3.6-3.9% of the administered oroxylin A dose was present in the brain 6 h postdosing and with a brain-to-plasma ratio of 0.42-0.46. Although SR extract contains flavones that are positive modulators of the benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptors (baicalein, wogonin, and baicalin), our behavioral study for the first time indicated that SR extract (a mixture of six flavones) did not elicit significant anxiolytic effect at the studied doses. Oroxylin A also demonstrated the highest brain uptake when the six flavones were separately administered to mice, and the highest affinity to brain tissues in the in vitro tissue binding assay. The high brain uptake of oroxylin A, a GABAA antagonist which had been reported to antagonize diazepam-induced anxiolytic effect, might have suppressed the anxiolytic effects of the other flavones and account for the lack of overall anxiolytic effect of SR extract. The current study illustrates the importance of monitoring pharmacokinetics in a behavioral study, particularly for herbal medicines which consist of multiple components that might have different or even opposite pharmacological effects on the same target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Yui Kau Fong
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chenrui Li
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yiu Cheong Ho
- Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong
| | - Rui Li
- Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yin Cheong Wong
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Hong Xue
- Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Oh HK, Jeon SJ, Lee S, Lee HE, Kim E, Park SJ, Kim HN, Jung WY, Cheong JH, Jang DS, Ryu JH. Swertisin ameliorates pre-pulse inhibition deficits and cognitive impairment induced by MK-801 in mice. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:250-259. [PMID: 27729563 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116672098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Swertisin, a plant-derived C-glucosylflavone, is known to have antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In the present study, we investigated in mice the effects of swertisin on glutamatergic dysfunction induced by dizocilpine (MK-801), a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. In the Acoustic Startle Response test, their MK-801-induced (given 0.2 mg/kg i.p.) pre-pulse inhibition deficit was significantly attenuated by the administration of swertisin (30 mg/kg p.o.). In the Novel Object Recognition Test, the recognition memory impairments that were induced by MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg, given i.p.) were also reversed by administration of swertisin (30 mg/kg p.o.). In addition, swertisin normalized the MK-801-induced elevation of phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK-3β signaling molecules in the prefrontal cortex. These results indicated that swertisin may be useful in managing the symptoms of schizophrenia, including sensorimotor gating disruption and cognitive impairment, and that these behavioral outcomes may be related to Akt-GSK-3β signaling in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyong Oh
- 1 Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Neul Kim
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yong Jung
- 1 Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- 5 Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- 1 Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhao X, Liu C, Qi Y, Fang L, Luo J, Bi K, Jia Y. Timosaponin B-II ameliorates scopolamine-induced cognition deficits by attenuating acetylcholinesterase activity and brain oxidative damage in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:1455-1461. [PMID: 27444169 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Timosaponin B-II (TB-II) is a main active saponin isolated from the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge., which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, the effect of TB-II on learning and memory was investigated in a scopolamine-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The results of behavioral tests indicated that TB-II significantly increased the spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test, and reversed the shortening of step-through latency induced by scopolamine in the passive avoidance test, showing protective effects on short-term and working memory. In the Morris water maze test, TB-II reduced the escape latency time in the training trial, and increased the swimming time in the target quadrant in the probe trial. Biochemical data demonstrated that TB-II significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice. Moreover, TB-II markably attenuated the reduction in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which are key biomarkers of brain oxidative stress. These results indicated that TB-II offers protection against scopolamine-induced deficits in learning and memory, possibly by inhibiting AChE and preventing oxidative stress damage. The findings suggested that TB-II has a potential therapeutic effect on cognitive and behavioral impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lina Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Huanghe North Street 146, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Clinical and Preclinical Cognitive Function Improvement after Oral Treatment of a Botanical Composition Composed of Extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu. Behav Neurol 2016; 2016:7240802. [PMID: 28042201 PMCID: PMC5155129 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7240802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia and cognitive impairment have become the major concerns worldwide due to a significantly aging population, increasing life span and lack of effective pharmacotherapy. In light of limited pharmaceutical drug choices and the socioeconomic implications of these conditions, the search for safe and effective alternatives from natural sources has gained many attractions within the medical food and dietary supplement industry. Two polyphenol extracts derived from roots of Scutellaria baicalensis and heartwoods of Acacia catechu containing free-B-ring flavonoids and flavans, respectively, were combined into a proprietary blend called UP326. A similar bioflavonoid composition, UP446, has been reported with modulation of pathways related to systemic inflammation. To test the effect of UP326 on memory and learning, a radial arm water maze (RAWM) and contextual fear conditioning (CF) were utilized in aged F344 rats fed with UP326 at doses of 3, 7, and 34 mg/kg for 11 weeks. The 7 and 34 mg/kg dosage groups had significantly fewer errors than aged vehicle control animals and their performance was equivalent to young animal controls. In a separate human clinical trial, test subjects orally given 300 mg of UP326 BID for 30 days showed marked improvement in speed and accuracy of processing complex information in computer tasks and reduced their standard deviation of performance compared to baseline and the placebo group. This data suggest that UP326 may help maintain memory, sustain speed of processing, and reduce the number or memory errors as we age.
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Ferdousy S, Rahman MA, Al-Amin MM, Aklima J, Chowdhury JMKH. Antioxidative and neuroprotective effects of Leea macrophylla methanol root extracts on diazepam-induced memory impairment in amnesic Wistar albino rat. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-016-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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27
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Zhao Q, Chen XY, Martin C. Scutellaria baicalensis, the golden herb from the garden of Chinese medicinal plants. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016; 61:1391-1398. [PMID: 27730005 PMCID: PMC5031759 DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, or Chinese skullcap, has been widely used as a medicinal plant in China for thousands of years, where the preparation from its roots is called Huang-Qin. It has been applied in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, hypertension, hemorrhaging, insomnia, inflammation and respiratory infections. Flavones such as baicalin, wogonoside and their aglycones baicalein wogonin are the major bioactive compounds extracted from the root of S. baicalensis. These flavones have been reported to have various pharmacological functions, including anti-cancer, hepatoprotection, antibacterial and antiviral, antioxidant, anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects. In this review, we focus on clinical applications and the pharmacological properties of the medicinal plant and the flavones extracted from it. We also describe biotechnological and metabolic methods that have been used to elucidate the biosynthetic pathways of the bioactive compounds in Scutellaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai, 201602 China
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai, 201602 China
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
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Swertisin, a C-glucosylflavone, ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice with its adenosine A1 receptor antagonistic property. Behav Brain Res 2016; 306:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Margret AA, Begum TN, Parthasarathy S, Suvaithenamudhan S. A Strategy to Employ Clitoria ternatea as a Prospective Brain Drug Confronting Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Against Neurodegenerative Diseases and Depression. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2015; 5:293-306. [PMID: 26667936 PMCID: PMC4681707 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-015-0079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ayurveda is a renowned traditional medicine practiced in India from ancient times and Clitoria ternatea is one such prospective medicinal herb incorporated as an essential constituent in a brain tonic called as medhya rasayan for treating neurological disorders. This work emphasises the significance of the plant as a brain drug there by upholding Indian medicine. The phytochemicals from the root extract were extricated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay and molecular docking against the protein Monoamine oxidase was performed with four potential compounds along with four reference compounds of the plant. This persuades the prospect of C. ternatea as a remedy for neurodegenerative diseases and depression. The in silico assay enumerates that a major compound (Z)-9,17-octadecadienal obtained from the chromatogram with a elevated retention time of 32.99 furnished a minimum binding affinity energy value of -6.5 kcal/mol against monoamine oxidase (MAO-A). The interactions with the amino acid residues ALA 68, TYR 60 and TYR 69 were analogous to the reference compound kaempferol-3-monoglucoside with a least score of -13.90/-12.95 kcal/mol against the isoforms (MAO) A and B. This study fortifies the phytocompounds of C. ternatea as MAO-inhibitors and to acquire a pharmaceutical approach in rejuvenating Ayurvedic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anita Margret
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, 620017, India.
| | - T Nargis Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, 620020, India
| | - S Parthasarathy
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - S Suvaithenamudhan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
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30
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Jeong JJ, Kim DH. 5,7-Dihydroxy-6-Methoxy-Flavonoids Eliminate HIV-1 D3-transfected Cytoprotective Macrophages by Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1355-1365. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ju Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
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31
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Mao X, Liao Z, Guo L, Xu X, Wu B, Xu M, Zhao X, Bi K, Jia Y. Schisandrin C Ameliorates Learning and Memory Deficits by Aβ1-42-induced Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity in Mice. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1373-1380. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mao
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Zhengzheng Liao
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Lin Guo
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Bo Wu
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Mengjie Xu
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- The Engineering Laboratory of National and Local Union of Quality Control for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Ying Jia
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
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32
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Phenolic compounds from the bark of Oroxylum indicum activate the Ngn2 promoter. J Nat Med 2015; 69:589-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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33
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Kim BW, Koppula S, Kumar H, Park JY, Kim IW, More SV, Kim IS, Han SD, Kim SK, Yoon SH, Choi DK. α-Asarone attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF kappa B activation and mitigates MPTP-induced behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:46-57. [PMID: 25983275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with microglial activation. Therefore, the importance of early therapeutic intervention to inhibit microglial activation would be an effective strategy to alleviate the progression of PD. α-Asarone, an active compound found in Araceae and Annonaceae plant species has been used to improve various disease conditions including central nervous system disorders. In the present study the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects of α-asarone isolated from the rhizome of Acorus gramineus Solander was evaluated on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neuroprotection. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells were used to evaluate in vitro effects. 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD was developed to study the neuroprotective effects of α-asarone in vivo. The results indicated that α-asarone significantly attenuated the LPS-stimulated increase in neuroinflammatory responses and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production in BV-2 cells. Mechanistic study revealed that α-asarone inhibited the LPS-stimulated activation via regulation of nuclear factor kappa-B by blocking degradation of inhibitor kappa B-alpha signaling in BV-2 microglial cells. In in vivo studies, MPTP intoxication to mice resulted in brain microglial activation and significant behavioral deficits. Prophylactic treatment with α-asarone suppressed microglial activation and attenuated PD-like behavioral impairments as assessed by the Y-maze and pole tests. Taken together, these data demonstrate that α-asarone is a promising neuroprotective agent that should be further evaluated and developed for future prevention and treatment of microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory conditions including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Wook Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Il-Woung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Sandeep V More
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Sang-Don Han
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 380-704, South Korea
| | - Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwa Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea.
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Lee Y, Gao Q, Kim E, Lee Y, Park SJ, Lee HE, Jang DS, Ryu JH. Pretreatment with 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde blocks scopolamine-induced learning deficit in contextual and spatial memory in male mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 134:57-64. [PMID: 25922228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) is a compound derived from the dehydration of certain sugars. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 5-HMF on the cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist. To measure various cognitive functions, we conducted the step-through passive avoidance task, the Y-maze task and the Morris water maze task. A single administration of 5-HMF (5 or 10mg/kg, p.o.) significantly attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in these behavioral tasks without changes in locomotor activity, and the effect of 5-HMF on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment was significantly reversed by a sub-effective dose of MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist. In addition, a single administration of 5-HMF (10mg/kg, p.o.) enhanced the cognitive performance of normal naïve mice in the passive avoidance task. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that the levels of phosphorylated Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-α (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) were significantly enhanced by the single administration of 5-HMF in the hippocampal tissues. Taken together, the present study suggests that 5-HMF may block scopolamine-induced learning deficit and enhance cognitive function via the activation of NMDA receptor signaling, including CaMKII and ERK, and would be an effective candidate against cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwan Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingtao Gao
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-west Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Kim DH, Lee Y, Lee HE, Park SJ, Jeon SJ, Jeon SJ, Cheong JH, Shin CY, Son KH, Ryu JH. Oroxylin A enhances memory consolidation through the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in mice. Brain Res Bull 2014; 108:67-73. [PMID: 25218897 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Memory consolidation is a process by which acquired information is transformed from a labile into a more stable state that can be retrieved at a later time. In the present study, we investigated the role of oroxylin A on the memory consolidation process in mice. Oroxylin A improved the memory retention administered at 0 h, 1 h and 3 h after training in a passive avoidance task, suggesting that oroxylin A facilitates memory consolidation. Oroxylin A increased mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) levels in the hippocampus from 6h to 24h after administration. Moreover, 3h post-training administration of oroxylin A enhanced the mBDNF level at 9h after the acquisition trial compared to the level at 6h after the acquisition trial. However, 6h post-training administration of oroxylin A did not increase the mBDNF level at 9h after the acquisition trial. Blocking mBDNF signaling with recombinant tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)-Fc or k252a at 9h after the acquisition trial obstructed the effect of oroxylin A on memory consolidation. Taken together, our data suggest that oroxylin A facilitates memory consolidation through BDNF-TrkB signaling and confirms that the increase of BDNF in a specific time window plays a crucial role in memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, #37 Nakdong-Daero, 550 Beon-Gil, Saha-Gu, Busan 604-714, Korea
| | - Younghwan Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, #26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, #26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, #26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Su Jin Jeon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, #26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Nowon-goo, Seoul 139-742, Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Ho Son
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Korea.
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, #26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, #26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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Bacopa monniera selectively attenuates suppressed Superoxide dismutase activity in Diazepam induced amnesic mice. Ann Neurosci 2014; 18:8-13. [PMID: 25205911 PMCID: PMC4117027 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.1118104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amnesia is characterized by loss of memory that could result from abnormal neuro-chemical homeostasis, genetic predisposition or drug abuse. We earlier reported that B. monniera attenuates diazepam, scopolamine and L-NNA induced amnesia and wanted to test if SOD levels were affected by its administration. PURPOSE B. monniera is earlier reported to augment the defense system for oxidative stress by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, therefore, we investigated its levels after B. monniera administration in combination with different amnesic agents. METHODS We treated mice with amnesic agents such as scopolamine, diazepam, L-NNA and MK 801 either with or without B. monniera. RESULTS Diazepam (1.75 mg/kg ip) significantly reduced SOD activity while it was unaltered when Scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg ip), MK 801 (0.17 mg/kg ip) and L-NNA (30 mg/kg ip) were administered. B. monniera significantly attenuated diazepam induced suppression of SOD activity. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the mechanism of B. monniera's antiamnesic effect may vary depending on the type of amnesic agent used. However, antioxidant mechanism may be central to evoking the memory enhancing effects of B. monniera against diazepam induced amnesia.
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Hou XQ, Wu DW, Zhang CX, Yan R, Yang C, Rong CP, Zhang L, Chang X, Su RY, Zhang SJ, He WQ, Qu Z, Li S, Su ZR, Chen YB, Wang Q, Fang SH. Bushen‑Yizhi formula ameliorates cognition deficits and attenuates oxidative stress‑related neuronal apoptosis in scopolamine‑induced senescence in mice. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:429-39. [PMID: 24919922 PMCID: PMC4094586 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bushen‑Yizhi formula (BSYZ), a traditional Chinese medicine formula consisting of six herbs has been reported to possess a neuroprotective effect. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of BSYZ on learning and memory abilities, as well as oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of scopolamine (SCOP)‑induced senescence in mice, in order to reveal whether BSYZ is a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A high‑performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint was applied to provide a chemical profile of BSYZ. Extracts of BSYZ were orally administered to mice with SCOP‑induced memory impairment for two weeks. The learning and memory abilities were determined by the Morris water maze test. The oxidant stress‑related indices, such as activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined in hippocampus of SCOP‑treated mice. The cell death ratio was assessed by TUNEL staining, while apoptotic‑related proteins including Bcl‑2 and Bax were determined by immuno-fluorescent staining and western blot analysis. Caspase‑3 was determined by western blot analysis. Consequently, a chromatographic condition, which was conducted at 35˚C with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min on the Gemini C18 column with mobile phase of acetonitrile and water‑phosphoric acid (100:0.1, v/v), was established to yield common fingerprint chromatography under 203 nm with a similarity index of 0.986 within 10 batches of BSYZ samples. BSYZ at a dose of 2.92 g/kg significantly improved the cognitive ability, restored the abnormal activity of SOD and increased the levels of MDA and GSH induced by SCOP. Moreover, the neural apoptosis in the hippocampus of SCOP‑treated mice was reversed by BSYZ by regulating the expression of Bcl‑2, Bax and caspase‑3. The results demonstrated that BSYZ had neuroprotective effects in SCOP‑induced senescence in mice by ameliorating oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in the brain, supporting its potential in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qin Hou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Wei Wu
- Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 515031, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Rong Yan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Cong Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Ping Rong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Yu Su
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qing He
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Qu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Shi Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Bo Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Huan Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
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Cognitive Enhancing Effects of Alpha Asarone in Amnesic Mice by Influencing Cholinergic and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:1518-22. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ameliorating effect of spinosin, a C-glycoside flavonoid, on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 120:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hong SW, Yoo DH, Woo JY, Jeong JJ, Yang JH, Kim DH. Soyasaponins Ab and Bb prevent scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice without the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2062-8. [PMID: 24450802 DOI: 10.1021/jf4046528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soy (Glycine max, family Leguminosae), which contains isoflavones and saponins as main constituents, is known to exhibit memory-enhancing effects. Therefore, to investigate the role of soyasaponins in memory impairments, we isolated soyasaponins Ab (SA) and Bb (SB) from soybean and measured their protective effects against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. SA and SB significantly prevented scopolamine-induced memory impairment in passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks. Compared to SA, SB rescued memory impairment more potently. Treatment with SB (10 mg/kg, p.o.) protected memory impairment in passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks to 97% (F = 68.10, P < 0.05) and 78% (F = 35.57, P < 0.05) of untreated normal control level, respectively. SA and SB (10 mg/kg) also rescued scopolamine-induced memory impairment in Morris water maze task (F = 14.51, P < 0.05). In addition, soyasaponins preserved brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) expression (F = 33.69, P < 0.05) and cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein phosphorylation (F = 91.62, P < 0.05) in the hippocampus of scopolamine-treated mice. However, SA and SB did not inhibit acetylcholinesterase in vitro and ex vivo. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that soybean, particularly soyasaponins, may protect memory impairment by increasing BDNF expression and CREB phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woon Hong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Hoegi, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of South Korea
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Bussmann RW. The globalization of traditional medicine in northern peru: from shamanism to molecules. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:291903. [PMID: 24454490 PMCID: PMC3888705 DOI: 10.1155/2013/291903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Northern Peru represents the center of the Andean "health axis," with roots going back to traditional practices of Cupisnique culture (1000 BC). For more than a decade of research, semistructured interviews were conducted with healers, collectors, and sellers of medicinal plants. In addition, bioassays were carried out to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of plants found. Most of the 510 species encountered were native to Peru (83%). Fifty percent of the plants used in colonial times have disappeared from the pharmacopoeia. Market vendors specialized either on common and exotic plants, plants for common ailments, and plants only used by healers or on plants with magical purposes. Over 974 preparations with up to 29 different ingredients were used to treat 164 health conditions. Almost 65% of the medicinal plants were applied in these mixtures. Antibacterial activity was confirmed in most plants used for infections. Twenty-four percent of the aqueous extracts and 76% of the ethanolic extracts showed toxicity. Traditional preparation methods take this into account when choosing the appropriate solvent for the preparation of a remedy. The increasing demand for medicinal species did not increase the cultivation of medicinal plants. Most species are wild collected, causing doubts about the sustainability of trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer W. Bussmann
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA
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Peña ID, Yoon SY, Kim HJ, Park S, Hong EY, Ryu JH, Park IH, Cheong JH. Effects of ginseol k-g3, an Rg3-enriched fraction, on scopolamine-induced memory impairment and learning deficit in mice. J Ginseng Res 2013; 38:1-7. [PMID: 24558303 PMCID: PMC3915335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although ginsenosides such as Rg1, Rb1 and Rg3 have shown promise as potential nutraceuticals for cognitive impairment, their use has been limited due to high production cost and low potency. In particular, the process of extracting pure Rg3 from ginseng is laborious and expensive. Methods We described the methods in preparing ginseol k-g3, an Rg3-enriched fraction, and evaluated its effects on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Results Ginseol k-g3 (25–200 mg/kg) significantly reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in the passive avoidance, but not in Y-maze testing. Ginseol k-g3 (50 and 200 mg/kg) improved escape latency in training trials and increased swimming times within the target zone of the Morris water maze. The effect of ginseol k-g3 on the water maze task was more potent than that of Rg3 or Red ginseng. Acute or subchronic (6 d) treatment of ginseol k-g3 did not alter normal locomotor activity of mice in an open field. Ginseol k-g3 did not inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity, unlike donezepil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Rg3 enrichment through the ginseol k-g3 fraction enhanced the efficacy of Rg3 in scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice as demonstrated in the Morris water maze task. Conclusion The effects of ginseol k-g3 in ameliorating scopolamine-induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests indicate its specific influence on reference or long-term memory. The mechanism underlying the reversal of scopolamine-induced amnesia by ginseol k-g3 is not yet known, but is not related to anticholinesterase-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike dela Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Young Yoon
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sejin Park
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Hong
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Food Research & Development, Cheil Jedang (CJ) Corporation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Ho Park
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author. Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, 26-21 Kongreung-2-dong, Hwarangro-815, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Korea.
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Jeon SJ, Bak H, Seo J, Han SM, Lee SH, Han SH, Kwon KJ, Ryu JH, Cheong JH, Ko KH, Yang SI, Choi JW, Park SH, Shin CY. Oroxylin A Induces BDNF Expression on Cortical Neurons through Adenosine A2A Receptor Stimulation: A Possible Role in Neuroprotection. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:27-35. [PMID: 24116271 PMCID: PMC3792198 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.1.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oroxylin A is a flavone isolated from a medicinal herb reported to be effective in reducing the inflammatory and oxidative stresses. It also modulates the production of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in cortical neurons by the transactivation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). As a neurotrophin, BDNF plays roles in neuronal development, differentiation, synaptogenesis, and neural protection from the harmful stimuli. Adenosine A2A receptor colocalized with BDNF in brain and the functional interaction between A2A receptor stimulation and BDNF action has been suggested. In this study, we investigated the possibility that oroxylin A modulates BDNF production in cortical neuron through the regulation of A2A receptor system. As ex-pected, CGS21680 (A2A receptor agonist) induced BDNF expression and release, however, an antagonist, ZM241385, prevented oroxylin A-induced increase in BDNF production. Oroxylin A activated the PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signaling pathway, which is inhibited by ZM241385 and the blockade of the signaling pathway abolished the increase in BDNF production. The physiological roles of oroxylin A-induced BDNF production were demonstrated by the increased neurite extension as well as synapse formation from neurons. Overall, oroxylin A might regulate BDNF production in cortical neuron through A2A receptor stimulation, which promotes cellular survival, synapse formation and neurite extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742 ; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Sciences
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Zhou Q, Zhong L, Wei X, Dou W, Chou G, Wang Z. Baicalein and hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin complex in poloxamer thermal sensitive hydrogel for vaginal administration. Int J Pharm 2013; 454:125-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yoon SY, dela Peña I, Kim SM, Woo TS, Shin CY, Son KH, Park H, Lee YS, Ryu JH, Jin M, Kim KM, Cheong JH. Oroxylin A improves attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors in the spontaneously hypertensive rat and inhibits reuptake of dopamine in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:134-40. [PMID: 23371806 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies we have demonstrated that the γ-aminobutryic acid-A (GABA-A) receptor antagonist oroxylin A has an awakening effect and it also represses ADHD-like behaviors (hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We hypothesized that the effects of oroxylin A were exerted via the GABA-A receptor given the important role of the GABAergic system in ADHD. However, it is possible that aside from the GABAergic system, oroxylin A may influence other systems especially those implicated in ADHD (e.g. DAergic, etc.). To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of GABA agonist, or dopamine (DA) antagonist in oroxylin A-induced alleviation of ADHD-like behaviors in SHR. SHR showed inattention and impulsivity as measured by the Y-maze and the electro-foot shock aversive water drinking tests, respectively. Oroxylin A significantly improved these behaviors, furthermore, its effect on SHR impulsivity was attenuated by haloperidol, a DA antagonist, but not by baicalein, an agonist of the GABA-A receptor. In vitro studies showed that oroxylin A inhibited DA uptake similar to methylphenidate, a dopamine transporter blocker, but did not influence norepinephrine uptake unlike atomoxetine, a selective NE reuptake inhibitor. Collectively, the present findings suggest that oroxylin A improves ADHD-like behaviors in SHR via enhancement of DA neurotransmission and not modulation of GABA pathway as previously reported. Importantly, the present study indicates the potential therapeutic value of oroxylin A in the treatment of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Yoon
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, South Korea
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dela Peña IC, Young Yoon S, Kim Y, Park H, Man Kim K, Hoon Ryu J, Young Shin C, Hoon Cheong J. 5,7-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-4'-phenoxyflavone, a derivative of oroxylin A improves attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behaviors in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 715:337-44. [PMID: 23707903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Oroxylin A, a major flavonoid in Scutellaria baicalensis, has been shown to alleviate attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behaviors in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of ADHD. As part of our continuing effort to discover effective ADHD drug candidates, we synthesized a number of oroxylin A derivatives and characterized their biological activities. Among all oroxylin A analogs, compound 7-7 (5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-4'-phenoxyflavone) showed the most remarkable inhibition of dopamine reuptake alike methylphenidate, a dopamine transporter (DAT) blocker and typical drug for ADHD, and oroxylin A. It did not influence norepinephrine reuptake unlike atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine inhibitor. Moreover, compound 7-7 reduced hyperactivity, sustained inattention and impulsivity in the SHR as measured by the open field, Y-maze and electro-foot shock aversive water drinking tests, respectively. Most drugs that enhance brain dopamine levels (e.g. DAT blockers like cocaine and methylphenidate) produce behavioral effects like those of stimulants causing them to be abused. However, the repeated treatment of compound 7-7 failed to elicit locomotor sensitization in rats, and neither produced conditioned place preference response nor maintained self-administration behavior. Altogether, the present study suggests the promising therapeutic value of compound 7-7 as an ADHD drug. Furthermore, compound 7-7 may be considered as an alternative therapy to psychostimulant ADHD treatments (e.g. amphetamine and methylphenidate) for which use has been deemed controversial due to their abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike C dela Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
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Liu X, Hong SI, Park SJ, dela Peña JB, Che H, Yoon SY, Kim DH, Kim JM, Cai M, Risbrough V, Geyer MA, Shin CY, Cheong JH, Park H, Lew JH, Ryu JH. The ameliorating effects of 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2(4-phenoxyphenyl)-4H-chromene-4-one, an oroxylin A derivative, against memory impairment and sensorimotor gating deficit in mice. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:854-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhou Q, Wei X, Dou W, Chou G, Wang Z. Preparation and characterization of inclusion complexes formed between baicalein and cyclodextrins. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 95:733-9. [PMID: 23648035 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the solubility of baicalein (Ba) with the addition of modified cyclodextrins using phase solubility method. The solubility of Ba in the presence of natural (α-, β-, and γ-) cyclodextrins and its derivatives, namely, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD), was higher than that of free Ba. In particular, the stability constant of inclusion complex with DM-β-CD was 13672.67l mol(-1), which was the highest among the examined cyclodextrins. The inclusion complexes of Ba and DM-β-CD were prepared via freeze-drying method, which were both characterized in the solution and solid state by UV-vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD). The UV-vis, DSC, (1)H NMR, SEM, and XRPD results proved the formation of inclusion complex between Ba and DM-β-CD. Furthermore, the dissolution rate and thermal stability of the inclusion complex were significantly enhanced compared with the pure drug. Therefore, using DM-β-CD can effectively improve the solubility and thermal stability of free Ba, which is a promising approach to promote its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuna Zhou
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China
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Ajao MY, Akindele AJ. Anxiolytic and sedative properties of hydroethanolic extract of Telfairia occidentalis leaves in mice. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Vitamin D-binding protein interacts with Aβ and suppresses Aβ-mediated pathology. Cell Death Differ 2012; 20:630-8. [PMID: 23257976 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting a relationship with its pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether and how DBP is related to AD using several different approaches. A pull-down assay and a surface plasmon resonance binding assay indicated direct interactions between purified DBP and amyloid beta (Aβ), which was confirmed in the brain of AD patients and transgenic AD model mice by immunoprecipitation assay and immunohistochemical double-staining method. Moreover, atomic force microscopic examination revealed that DBP reduced Aβ aggregation in vitro. DBP also prevented Aβ-mediated death in cultured mouse hippocampal HT22 cell line. Finally, DBP decreased Aβ-induced synaptic loss in the hippocampus and rescued memory deficits in mice after injection of Aβ into the lateral ventricle. These results provide converging evidence that DBP attenuates the harmful effects of Aβ by a direct interaction, and suggest that DBP is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
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