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Li Y, Chouhan NS, Zhang SL, Moore RS, Noya SB, Shon J, Yue Z, Sehgal A. Modulation of RNA processing genes during sleep-dependent memory. eLife 2024; 12:RP89023. [PMID: 39642051 PMCID: PMC11623928 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation in Drosophila can be sleep-dependent or sleep-independent, depending on the availability of food. The anterior posterior (ap) alpha'/beta' (α'/β') neurons of the mushroom body (MB) are required for sleep-dependent memory consolidation in flies fed after training. These neurons are also involved in the increase of sleep after training, suggesting a coupling of sleep and memory. To better understand the mechanisms underlying sleep and memory consolidation initiation, we analyzed the transcriptome of ap α'/β' neurons 1 hr after appetitive memory conditioning. A small number of genes, enriched in RNA processing functions, were differentially expressed in flies fed after training relative to trained and starved flies or untrained flies. Knockdown of each of these differentially expressed genes in the ap α'/β' neurons revealed notable sleep phenotypes for Polr1F and Regnase-1, both of which decrease in expression after conditioning. Knockdown of Polr1F, a regulator of ribosome RNA transcription, in adult flies promotes sleep and increases pre-ribosome RNA expression as well as overall translation, supporting a function for Polr1F downregulation in sleep-dependent memory. Conversely, while constitutive knockdown of Regnase-1, an mRNA decay protein localized to the ribosome, reduces sleep, adult specific knockdown suggests that effects of Regnase-1 on sleep are developmental in nature. We further tested the role of each gene in memory consolidation. Knockdown of Polr1F does not affect memory, which may be expected from its downregulation during memory consolidation. Regnase-1 knockdown in ap α'/β' neurons impairs all memory, including short-term, implicating Regnase-1 in memory, but leaving open the question of why it is downregulated during sleep-dependent memory. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the expression of RNA processing genes is modulated during sleep-dependent memory and, in the case of Polr1F, this modulation likely contributes to increased sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nitin S Chouhan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Rebecca S Moore
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Sara B Noya
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Joy Shon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Zhifeng Yue
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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Solano A, Lerner G, Griffa G, Deleglise A, Caffaro P, Riquelme L, Perez-Chada D, Della-Maggiore V. Sleep Consolidation Potentiates Sensorimotor Adaptation. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0325242024. [PMID: 39074983 PMCID: PMC11376339 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0325-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Contrary to its well-established role in declarative learning, the impact of sleep on motor memory consolidation remains a subject of debate. Current literature suggests that while motor skill learning benefits from sleep, consolidation of sensorimotor adaptation (SMA) depends solely on the passage of time. This has led to the proposal that SMA may be an exception to other types of memories. Here, we addressed this ongoing controversy in humans through three comprehensive experiments using the visuomotor adaptation paradigm (N = 290, 150 females). In Experiment 1, we investigated the impact of sleep on memory retention when the temporal gap between training and sleep was not controlled. In line with the previous literature, we found that memory consolidates with the passage of time. In Experiment 2, we used an anterograde interference protocol to determine the time window during which SMA memory is most fragile and, thus, potentially most sensitive to sleep intervention. Our results show that memory is most vulnerable during the initial hour post-training. Building on this insight, in Experiment 3, we investigated the impact of sleep when it coincided with the critical first hour of memory consolidation. This manipulation unveiled a benefit of sleep (30% memory enhancement) alongside an increase in spindle density and spindle-SO coupling during NREM sleep, two well-established neural markers of sleep consolidation. Our findings reconcile seemingly conflicting perspectives on the active role of sleep in motor learning and point to common mechanisms at the basis of memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Solano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Lerner
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Guillermina Griffa
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Alvaro Deleglise
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Pedro Caffaro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Luis Riquelme
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Daniel Perez-Chada
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Servicio de Medicina Pulmonar y Sueño, Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - Valeria Della-Maggiore
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Montreal, Quebec H3A2B4, Canada
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología (ECyT), Universidad Nacional de San Martin, San Martin, Buenos Aires, CP 1650, Argentina
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3
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Wu J, Kwok SC, Wang H, Wang Z. Effects of post-learning nap in the recognition memory for faces in habitual nappers. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2024; 213:107957. [PMID: 38964599 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of diurnal nap in the recognition memory for faces in habitual nappers. Thirty volunteers with habitual midday napping (assigned as the sleep group) and 28 non-nappers (assigned as the wake group) participated in this study. Participants were instructed to memorize faces, and subsequently to perform two recognition tasks before and after nap/wakefulness, i.e., an immediate recognition and a delayed recognition. There were three experimental conditions: same faces with the same view angle (S-S condition); same faces with a different view angle (22.5°) (S-D condition); and novel faces (NF condition). A mixed repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that the sleep group exhibited significantly longer reaction times (RT) following their nap compared to those of the wake group; no significant between-group differences were observed in accuracy or sensitivity (d'). Furthermore, both groups were more conservative in the delayed recognition task compared to the immediate recognition task, but the sleep group was more conservative after their nap (vs pre-nap), reflected by the criterion (β, Ohit/Ofalse alarm). Further stepwise regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between duration of stage N3 sleep and normalized RT difference before/after nap on the S-S condition. These findings suggest that an immediate nap following face learning is associated with memory reorganization during N3 sleep in habitual nappers, rendering the memories not readily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Center for Psychological Health Education of College Students, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sze Chai Kwok
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China; Phylo-Cognition Laboratory, Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Data Science Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Reicher V, Kovács T, Csibra B, Gácsi M. Potential interactive effect of positive expectancy violation and sleep on memory consolidation in dogs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9487. [PMID: 38664506 PMCID: PMC11045790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In dogs, as in humans, both emotional and learning pretreatment affect subsequent behaviour and sleep. Although learning often occurs in an emotional-social context, the emotion-learning interplay in such context remain mainly unknown. Aims were to assess the effects of Controlling versus Permissive (emotional factors) training (learning factors) styles on dogs' behaviour, learning performance, and sleep. Family dogs (N = 24) participated in two command learning sessions employing the two training styles with each session followed by assessment of learning performance, a 2-h-long non-invasive sleep EEG measurement, and a retest of learning performance. Pre- to post-sleep improvement in learning performance was evident in dogs that received the Permissive training during the second learning session, indicating that dogs that experienced a more rewarding situation than expected (positive expectancy violation) during the second training session showed improved learning success after their afternoon sleep. These results possibly indicate an interactive effect of expectancy violation and sleep on enhancing learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Reicher
- Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology Research Group, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tímea Kovács
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Csibra
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Gácsi
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Cudeiro J, Soto D, Gutiérrez E. Heat exposure following encoding can interfere with subsequent recognition memory. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11024. [PMID: 37420002 PMCID: PMC10329023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlational studies suggest that high temperatures may impair online cognitive performance and learning processes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that heat exposure blocks offline memory consolidation. We report two studies, including a pre-registered replication. First, during a study phase, participants were familiarized with neutral and negatively valenced images. One day later, half of the participants were exposed to high temperatures in a sauna session at 50 °C. Recognition memory was tested 24 h later. We found that participants exposed to high temperature showed an impairment in recognition memory performance, relative to a control group of participants that were not exposed to heat or that had a sauna at 28 °C. This occurred for both emotional and neutral items. These results indicate that heat exposure impairs memory consolidation, thereby opening the possibility of using heat exposure as an agent for the treatment of clinical mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cudeiro
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Soto
- Basque Center On Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastian, Spain.
- Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Emilio Gutiérrez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Unidade de Venres Clínicos, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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6
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Brady TF, Robinson MM, Williams JR, Wixted JT. Measuring memory is harder than you think: How to avoid problematic measurement practices in memory research. Psychon Bull Rev 2023; 30:421-449. [PMID: 36260270 PMCID: PMC10257388 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-022-02179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We argue that critical areas of memory research rely on problematic measurement practices and provide concrete suggestions to improve the situation. In particular, we highlight the prevalence of memory studies that use tasks (like the "old/new" task: "have you seen this item before? yes/no") where quantifying performance is deeply dependent on counterfactual reasoning that depends on the (unknowable) distribution of underlying memory signals. As a result of this difficulty, different literatures in memory research (e.g., visual working memory, eyewitness identification, picture memory, etc.) have settled on a variety of fundamentally different metrics to get performance measures from such tasks (e.g., A', corrected hit rate, percent correct, d', diagnosticity ratios, K values, etc.), even though these metrics make different, contradictory assumptions about the distribution of latent memory signals, and even though all of their assumptions are frequently incorrect. We suggest that in order for the psychology and neuroscience of memory to become a more cumulative, theory-driven science, more attention must be given to measurement issues. We make a concrete suggestion: The default memory task for those simply interested in performance should change from old/new ("did you see this item'?") to two-alternative forced-choice ("which of these two items did you see?"). In situations where old/new variants are preferred (e.g., eyewitness identification; theoretical investigations of the nature of memory signals), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis should be performed rather than a binary old/new task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Brady
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0109, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Maria M Robinson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0109, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jamal R Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0109, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - John T Wixted
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0109, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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7
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Huang Y, Du J, Guo X, Li Y, Wang H, Xu J, Xu S, Wang Y, Zhang R, Xiao L, Su T, Tang Y. Insomnia and impacts on facial expression recognition accuracy, intensity and speed: A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 160:248-257. [PMID: 36870234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Facial expressions provide nonverbal cues that are important for delivering and interpreting human emotions. Previous studies have shown that the ability to interpret facial emotions correctly could be partially impaired in sleep-deprived people. People with insomnia might also suffer from sleep loss, so we assumed that facial expression recognition ability might also be impaired in people with insomnia. Despite a growing body of research exploring insomnia's potential impacts on facial expression recognition, conflicting results have been reported, and no systematic review of this research body has been conducted. In this study, after screening 1100 records identified through database searches, six articles examining insomnia and facial expression recognition ability were included in a quantitative synthesis. The main outcomes were classification accuracy (ACC), reaction time (RT), and intensity rating-the three most studied facial expression processing variables. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify altered perceptions according to the facial expressions of four emotions-happiness, sadness, fear, and anger-used to examine insomnia and emotion recognition. The pooled standard mean differences (SMDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) demonstrated that facial expression recognition among people with insomnia was less accurate (SMD = -0.30; 95% CI: -0.46, -0.14) and slower (SMD = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.18, -1.15) compared to good sleepers. The classification ACC of fearful expression was lower in the insomnia group (SMD = -0.66; 95% CI: -1.02, -0.30). This meta-analysis was registered using PROSPERO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Huang
- Psychology Department, The Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Sanya, China; Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhou Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ruike Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
| | - Tong Su
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunxiang Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
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Yuksel C, Denis D, Coleman J, Oh A, Cox R, Morgan A, Sato E, Stickgold R. Emotional memories are enhanced when reactivated in slow wave sleep, but impaired when reactivated in REM. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.530661. [PMID: 36909630 PMCID: PMC10002730 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Sleep supports memory consolidation. However, it is not completely clear how different sleep stages contribute to this process. While rapid eye movement sleep (REM) has been traditionally implicated in the processing of emotionally charged material, recent studies indicate a role for slow wave sleep (SWS) in strengthening the memories of emotional stimuli. Here, to directly examine which sleep stage is primarily involved in emotional memory consolidation, we used targeted memory reactivation (TMR) in REM and SWS during a daytime nap. We also examined neural oscillations associated with TMR-related changes in memory. Contrary to our hypothesis, reactivation of emotional stimuli during REM led to impaired memory. Meanwhile, reactivation of emotional stimuli in SWS improved memory and was strongly correlated with the product of times spent in REM and SWS (%SWS Ã- %REM). When this variable was taken into account, reactivation significantly enhanced memory, with larger reactivation benefits compared to reactivation in REM. Notably, sleep spindle activity was modulated by emotional valence, and delta/theta activity was correlated with the memory benefit for both emotional and neutral items. Finally, we found no evidence that emotional memories benefited from TMR more than did neutral ones. Our results provide direct evidence for a complementary role of both REM and SWS in emotional memory consolidation, and suggest that REM may separately facilitate forgetting. In addition, our findings expand upon recent evidence indicating a link between sleep spindles and emotional processing.
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Carollo G, Degasperi G, Cellini N. The role of sleep and wakefulness in the recognition of emotional pictures. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13695. [PMID: 35853672 PMCID: PMC9786839 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep has a beneficial effect on memory consolidation. However, its role in emotional memory is currently debated. Here, we investigate the role of sleep and a similar period of wakefulness on the recognition of emotional pictures and subjective emotional reactivity. Forty participants without any major physical, neurological or psychological condition were randomly assigned to the Sleep First Group or Wake First Group. The two groups underwent the encoding phase of an emotional images task with negative and neutral pictures at either 09:00 hours (Wake First Group) or 21:00 hours (Sleep First Group). Then participants performed an immediate recognition test (T1), and two delayed tests 12 hr (T2) and 24 hr (T3) later. Perceived arousal and valence levels were collected for each picture. Sleep parameters were recorded at participants' homes with a portable device. No differences were observed at T1, whereas at T2 the Sleep First Group showed a higher memory performance than the Wake First Group. At T3, performance decreased in the Sleep First Group (who spent the previous 12 hr awake), but not in the Wake First Group (who slept during the previous 12 hr). Overall, negative images were remembered better than neutral ones. We also observed a positive association between memory performance for negative items at the immediate test and the percentage of rapid eye movement sleep the night before the encoding. Our data confirm that negative information is remembered better over time than neutral information, and that sleep benefits the retention of declarative information. However, sleep seems not to preferentially improve emotional memory, although it may affect the encoding of negative information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Carollo
- Department of General PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | | | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
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Cunningham TJ, Stickgold R, Kensinger EA. Investigating the effects of sleep and sleep loss on the different stages of episodic emotional memory: A narrative review and guide to the future. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:910317. [PMID: 36105652 PMCID: PMC9466000 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.910317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For two decades, sleep has been touted as one of the primary drivers for the encoding, consolidation, retention, and retrieval of episodic emotional memory. Recently, however, sleep's role in emotional memory processing has received renewed scrutiny as meta-analyses and reviews have indicated that sleep may only contribute a small effect that hinges on the content or context of the learning and retrieval episodes. On the one hand, the strong perception of sleep's importance in maintaining memory for emotional events may have been exacerbated by publication bias phenomena, such as the "winner's curse" and "file drawer problem." On the other hand, it is plausible that there are sets of circumstances that lead to consistent and reliable effects of sleep on emotional memory; these circumstances may depend on factors such as the placement and quality of sleep relative to the emotional experience, the content and context of the emotional experience, and the probes and strategies used to assess memory at retrieval. Here, we review the literature on how sleep (and sleep loss) influences each stage of emotional episodic memory. Specifically, we have separated previous work based on the placement of sleep and sleep loss in relation to the different stages of emotional memory processing: (1) prior to encoding, (2) immediately following encoding during early consolidation, (3) during extended consolidation, separated from initial learning, (4) just prior to retrieval, and (5) post-retrieval as memories may be restructured and reconsolidated. The goals of this review are three-fold: (1) examine phases of emotional memory that sleep may influence to a greater or lesser degree, (2) explicitly identify problematic overlaps in traditional sleep-wake study designs that are preventing the ability to better disentangle the potential role of sleep in the different stages of emotional memory processing, and (3) highlight areas for future research by identifying the stages of emotional memory processing in which the effect of sleep and sleep loss remains under-investigated. Here, we begin the task of better understanding the contexts and factors that influence the relationship between sleep and emotional memory processing and aim to be a valuable resource to facilitate hypothesis generation and promote important future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J. Cunningham
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Kensinger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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11
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Lee VV, Schembri R, Jordan AS, Jackson ML. The independent effects of sleep deprivation and sleep fragmentation on processing of emotional information. Behav Brain Res 2022; 424:113802. [PMID: 35181390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted sleep through sleep deprivation or sleep fragmentation has previously been shown to impair cognitive processing. Nevertheless, limited studies have examined the impact of disrupted sleep on the processing of emotional information. The current study aimed to use an experimental approach to generate sleep disruption and examine whether SD and SF in otherwise healthy individuals would impair emotional facial processing. Thirty-five healthy individuals participated in three-day/two-night laboratory study which consisted of two consecutive overnight polysomnograms and cognitive testing during the day. The first night was an adaptation night of normal sleep while the second was an experimental night where participants underwent either a night of 1) normal sleep, 2) no sleep (SD) or 3) fragmented sleep (SF). The emotional Go/No-Go task was completed in the morning following each night. Data from 33 participants (14 females, mean age = 24.6 years) were included in the final analysis. Following a night of SD or SF, participants performed significantly poorer with emotional (fearful and happy) targets, while no significant changes occurred after a night of normal sleep. Further, sleep deprived individuals experienced additional impairments with notably poorer performance with neutral targets and slower reaction time for all targets, suggesting an overall slowing of cognitive processing speed. These findings suggest that facial recognition in socio-emotional contexts may be impaired in individuals who experience disrupted sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vien Lee
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep and Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Schembri
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep and Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy S Jordan
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep and Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda L Jackson
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep and Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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12
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Hokett E, Arunmozhi A, Campbell J, Verhaeghen P, Duarte A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual differences in naturalistic sleep quality and episodic memory performance in young and older adults. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:675-688. [PMID: 34000349 PMCID: PMC8330880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Better sleep quality has been associated with better episodic memory performance in young adults. However, the strength of sleep-memory associations in aging has not been well characterized. It is also unknown whether factors such as sleep measurement method (e.g., polysomnography, actigraphy, self-report), sleep parameters (e.g., slow wave sleep, sleep duration), or memory task characteristics (e.g., verbal, pictorial) impact the strength of sleep-memory associations. Here, we assessed if the aforementioned factors modulate sleep-memory relationships. Across age groups, sleep-memory associations were similar for sleep measurement methods, however, associations were stronger for PSG than self-report. Age group moderated sleep-memory associations for certain sleep parameters. Specifically, young adults demonstrated stronger positive sleep-memory associations for slow wave sleep than the old, while older adults demonstrated stronger negative associations between greater wake after sleep onset and poorer memory performance than the young. Collectively, these data show that young and older adults maintain similar strength in sleep-memory relationships, but age impacts the specific sleep correlates that contribute to these relationships.
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13
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Kramer RSS. Forgetting faces over a week: investigating self-reported face recognition ability and personality. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11828. [PMID: 34316415 PMCID: PMC8288112 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although face recognition is now well studied, few researchers have considered the nature of forgetting over longer time periods. Here, I investigated how newly learned faces were recognised over the course of one week. In addition, I considered whether self-reported face recognition ability, as well as Big Five personality dimensions, were able to predict actual performance in a recognition task. Methods In this experiment (N = 570), faces were learned through short video interviews, and these identities were later presented in a recognition test (using previously unseen images) after no delay, six hours, twelve hours, one day, or seven days. Results The majority of forgetting took place within the first 24 hours, with no significant decrease after that timepoint. Further, self-reported face recognition abilities were moderately predictive of performance, while extraversion showed a small, negative association with performance. In both cases, these associations remained consistent across delay conditions. Discussion The current work begins to address important questions regarding face recognition using longitudinal, real-world time intervals, focussing on participant insight into their own abilities, and the process of forgetting more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S S Kramer
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
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14
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Zeng S, Lin X, Wang J, Hu X. Sleep's short-term memory preservation and long-term affect depotentiation effect in emotional memory consolidation: Behavioral and EEG evidence. Sleep 2021; 44:6307341. [PMID: 34153105 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep plays a pivotal role in the off-line processing of emotional memory. However, much remains unknown for its immediate vs. long-term influences. We employed behavioral and electrophysiological measures to investigate the short- and long-term impacts of sleep vs. sleep deprivation on emotional memory. METHODS Fifty-nine participants incidentally learned 60 negative and 60 neutral pictures in the evening and were randomly assigned to either sleep or sleep deprivation conditions. We measured memory recognition and subjective affective ratings in 12- and 60-hour post-encoding tests, with EEGs in the delayed test. RESULTS In a 12-hour post-encoding test, compared to sleep deprivation, sleep equally preserved both negative and neutral memory, and their affective tones. In the 60-hour post-encoding test, negative and neutral memories declined significantly in the sleep group, with attenuated emotional responses to negative memories over time. Furthermore, two groups showed spatial-temporally distinguishable ERPs at delayed test: while both groups showed the old-new frontal negativity (300-500 ms, FN400), sleep-deprived participants additionally showed an old-new parietal, Late Positive Component effect (600-1000 ms, LPC). Multivariate whole-brain ERPs analyses further suggested that sleep prioritized neural representation of emotion over memory processing, while they were less distinguishable in the sleep deprivation group. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that sleep's impact on emotional memory and affective responses is time-dependent: sleep preserved memories and affective tones in the short term, while ameliorating affective tones in the long term. Univariate and multivariate EEG analyses revealed different neurocognitive processing of remote, emotional memories between sleep and sleep deprivation groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzi Zeng
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuanyi Lin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Targeted memory reactivation in REM but not SWS selectively reduces arousal responses. Commun Biol 2021; 4:404. [PMID: 33767319 PMCID: PMC7994443 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that sleep can help to decouple the memory of emotional experiences from their associated affective charge. This process is thought to rely on the spontaneous reactivation of emotional memories during sleep, though it is still unclear which sleep stage is optimal for such reactivation. We examined this question by explicitly manipulating memory reactivation in both rapid-eye movement sleep (REM) and slow-wave sleep (SWS) using targeted memory reactivation (TMR) and testing the impact of this manipulation on habituation of subjective arousal responses across a night. Our results show that TMR during REM, but not SWS significantly decreased subjective arousal, and this effect is driven by the more negative stimuli. These results support one aspect of the sleep to forget, sleep to remember (SFSR) hypothesis which proposes that emotional memory reactivation during REM sleep underlies sleep-dependent habituation. Hutchison et al. played sounds, which were paired with either emotionally negative or neutral images, to participants during either REM or slow-wave stages of sleep. They demonstrated that such targeted memory reactivation during REM sleep, but not slow-wave sleep, significantly decreased arousal. This provides key information about memory consolidation/loss during sleep.
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16
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Davidson P, Jönsson P, Carlsson I, Pace-Schott E. Does Sleep Selectively Strengthen Certain Memories Over Others Based on Emotion and Perceived Future Relevance? Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1257-1306. [PMID: 34335065 PMCID: PMC8318217 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s286701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep has been found to have a beneficial effect on memory consolidation. It has furthermore frequently been suggested that sleep does not strengthen all memories equally. The first aim of this review paper was to examine whether sleep selectively strengthens emotional declarative memories more than neutral ones. We examined this first by reviewing the literature focusing on sleep/wake contrasts, and then the literature on whether any specific factors during sleep preferentially benefit emotional memories, with a special focus on the often-suggested claim that rapid eye movement sleep primarily consolidates emotional memories. A second aim was to examine if sleep preferentially benefits memories based on other cues of future relevance such as reward, test-expectancy or different instructions during encoding. Once again, we first focused on studies comparing sleep and wake groups, and then on studies examining the contributions of specific factors during sleep (for each future relevance paradigm, respectively). The review revealed that although some support exists that sleep is more beneficial for certain kinds of memories based on emotion or other cues of future relevance, the majority of studies does not support such an effect. Regarding specific factors during sleep, our review revealed that no sleep variable has reliably been found to be specifically associated with the consolidation of certain kinds of memories over others based on emotion or other cues of future relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Davidson
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Jönsson
- School of Education and Environment, Centre for Psychology, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | | | - Edward Pace-Schott
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
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17
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The association between sleep-wake ratio and overnight picture recognition is moderated by BDNF genotype. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 177:107353. [PMID: 33253827 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of studies supports the role of sleep in memory performance. Experimentally controlled studies indicate that prolonged wake after memory encoding is detrimental for memory outcome whereas sleep protects from wake-time interference and promotes memory consolidation. We examined how the natural distribution of wake and sleep between encoding and retrieval associated with overnight picture recognition accuracy among 161 adolescents following their typical sleep schedule with an in-home polysomnography. The memorized pictures varied in their level of arousal (calm to exciting) and valence (negative to positive). Suspecting genotypic influence on the sensitivity for sleep/wake dynamics, we also assessed if these associations were affected by known gene polymorphisms involved in neural plasticity and sleep homeostasis: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met and Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met. In the whole sample, overnight recognition accuracy was associated with the levels of arousal and valence of the pictures, but not with sleep percentage (i.e. the percentage of time spent asleep between memory encoding and retrieval). While the allelic status of BDNF or COMT did not have any main effect on recognition accuracy, a significant moderation by BDNF Val66Met was found (p = .004): the subgroup homozygous for valine allele showed positive association between sleep percentage and recognition accuracy. This was underlain by detrimental influence of wake, rather than by any memory benefit of sleep. Our results complement the mounting evidence that the relation between sleep and memory performance is moderated by BDNF Val66Met. Further studies are needed to clarify the specific mechanisms.
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18
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Bueno-Lopez A, Eggert T, Dorn H, Schmid G, Hirtl R, Danker-Hopfe H. Effects of 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi exposure on sleep-dependent memory consolidation. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13224. [PMID: 33166026 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies have reported that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by mobile telephony might affect specific sleep features. Possible effects of RF-EMF emitted by Wi-Fi networks on sleep-dependent memory consolidation processes have not been investigated so far. The present study explored the impact of an all-night Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) exposure on sleep-dependent memory consolidation and its associated physiological correlates. Thirty young males (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 24.1 ± 2.9 years) participated in this double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled crossover study. Participants spent five nights in the laboratory. The first night was an adaptation/screening night. The second and fourth nights were baseline nights, each followed consecutively by an experimental night with either Wi-Fi (maximum: psSAR10g = <25 mW/kg; 6 min average: <6.4 mW/kg) or sham exposure. Declarative, emotional and procedural memory performances were measured using a word pair, a sequential finger tapping and a face recognition task, respectively. Furthermore, learning-associated brain activity parameters (power spectra for slow oscillations and in the spindle frequency range) were analysed. Although emotional and procedural memory were not affected by RF-EMF exposure, overnight improvement in the declarative task was significantly better in the Wi-Fi condition. However, none of the post-learning sleep-specific parameters was affected by exposure. Thus, the significant effect of Wi-Fi exposure on declarative memory observed at the behavioural level was not supported by results at the physiological level. Due to these inconsistencies, this result could also be a random finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bueno-Lopez
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Competence Center of Sleep Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Eggert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Competence Center of Sleep Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Dorn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Competence Center of Sleep Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rene Hirtl
- Seibersdorf Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Heidi Danker-Hopfe
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Competence Center of Sleep Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Schäfer SK, Wirth BE, Staginnus M, Becker N, Michael T, Sopp MR. Sleep's impact on emotional recognition memory: A meta-analysis of whole-night, nap, and REM sleep effects. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 51:101280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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He W, Lin H. Recognition of Contextually Threat-Related Scenes is Enhanced by Preceding Emotionally Incongruent Facial Expression. Adv Cogn Psychol 2020; 16:76-84. [PMID: 32577137 PMCID: PMC7300429 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on intentional and incidental face memory have investigated the effects of emotional facial expression on facial recognition itself. However, it is still uncertain whether facial expression influences later recognition of other emotional stimuli, such as emotional scenes. To address this issue, participants during the encoding phase were presented with emotional scenes together with facial expressions. The emotion of the scenes was either congruent or incongruent with that of the facial expression. In order to increase the attention towards faces/facial expressions, the task was related to faces rather than scenes, for example, the participants were asked either to memorize the facial identities (intentional face learning, Experiment 1) or to identify the gender of the faces (incidental face learning, Experiment 2). Subsequently, the participants were asked to perform an unexpected old/new recognition task regarding the scene pictures. In general, the results showed that recognition of threat-related scenes was enhanced by a preceding emotionally incongruent facial expression irrespective of intentional or incidental face learning. The findings indicate that facial expression influences recognition of contextual threat-related scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting He
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Finance, 510521, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Lin
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Finance, 510521, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Regional Finance, Guangdong University of Finance, 510521, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Halonen R, Kuula L, Lahti J, Makkonen T, Räikkönen K, Pesonen AK. BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderates the association between sleep spindles and overnight visual recognition. Behav Brain Res 2019; 375:112157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Morgan DP, Tamminen J, Seale-Carlisle TM, Mickes L. The impact of sleep on eyewitness identifications. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:170501. [PMID: 31903193 PMCID: PMC6936295 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sleep aids the consolidation of recently acquired memories. Evidence strongly indicates that sleep yields substantial improvements on recognition memory tasks relative to an equivalent period of wake. Despite the known benefits that sleep has on memory, researchers have not yet investigated the impact of sleep on eyewitness identifications. Eyewitnesses to crimes are often presented with a line-up (which is a type of recognition memory test) that contains the suspect (who is innocent or guilty) and fillers (who are known to be innocent). Sleep may enhance the ability to identify the guilty suspect and not identify the innocent suspect (i.e. discriminability). Sleep may also impact reliability (i.e. the likelihood that the identified suspect is guilty). In the current study, we manipulated the presence or the absence of sleep in a forensically relevant memory task. Participants witnessed a video of a mock crime, made an identification or rejected the line-up, and rated their confidence. Critically, some participants slept between witnessing the crime and making a line-up decision, while others remained awake. The prediction that participants in the sleep condition would have greater discriminability compared to participants in the wake condition was not supported. There were also no differences in reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. P. Morgan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J. Tamminen
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | | | - L. Mickes
- Department of Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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23
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Lipinska G, Thomas KGF. The Interaction of REM Fragmentation and Night-Time Arousal Modulates Sleep-Dependent Emotional Memory Consolidation. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1766. [PMID: 31428021 PMCID: PMC6688536 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The sleep-to-forget, sleep-to-remember (SFSR) hypothesis states that the neurobiological environment provided by rapid-eye movement (REM)-rich sleep decouples the content of an emotional memory from its attendant emotional arousal. This decoupling allows divergent attenuation and enhancement effects (i.e., erosion of the memory’s emotional tone and simultaneous strengthening of its content). However, support for this proposal is mixed. An alternative account suggests there might be convergent attenuation and enhancement (i.e., elevated emotional arousal is positively coupled with enhanced emotional memory). We tested predictions emerging from the SFSR hypothesis using (a) individuals diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; n = 21), (b) trauma-exposed non-PTSD individuals (n = 19), and (c) healthy controls (n = 20). We included PTSD-diagnosed individuals because they typically experience altered REM sleep, impaired emotional memory, and heightened emotional arousal in response to threatening stimuli. Participants were assessed before and after both an 8-h period of polysomnographically monitored sleep and an 8-h period of waking activity. The assessment included exposure to negatively valenced, positively valenced, and neutral pictures before the 8-h delay, and a recognition task afterward. We measured emotional arousal by recording psychophysiological responses to the pictures, both pre- and post-delay. Results indicated no significant between-group differences in emotional memory accuracy or arousal. However, after a sleep-filled delay, pictures of all categories were recognized with equal accuracy, whereas after a wake-filled delay, negative pictures were recognized preferentially. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that a sleep-filled delay was associated with attenuated emotional arousal to pictures of all categories, whereas a wake-filled delay was associated with a rise in emotional arousal across the day. Intriguingly, poorer recognition accuracy for valenced (but not neutral) pictures was predicted by an interaction of increased REM fragmentation and increased emotional arousal. In summary, we found some support for the SFSR hypothesis in the way it describes the REM- and arousal-based mechanisms that process emotional material. We also, however, found disconfirming evidence regarding the outcome of that process (i.e., sleep did not favor consolidation of emotional over neutral memory), and we demonstrated a convergence between attenuation of emotional arousal and weakening of emotional content relative to neutral content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosia Lipinska
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin G F Thomas
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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24
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Lipinska G, Stuart B, Thomas KGF, Baldwin DS, Bolinger E. Preferential Consolidation of Emotional Memory During Sleep: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1014. [PMID: 31133940 PMCID: PMC6524658 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is uncertain whether sleep preferentially consolidates emotional over neutral material. Some studies suggest that sleep enhances emotional memory (i.e., that there are large differences in strength of memory for valenced material compared to neutral material after a sleep-filled interval, but that this difference is smaller after a wake-filled interval). Others find no such effect. We attempted to resolve this uncertainty by conducting a meta-analysis that compared valenced to neutral material after both sleep- and wake-filled delays. Standard search strategies identified 31 studies (containing 36 separate datasets) that met our inclusion criteria. Using random effects modeling, we conducted separate analyses for datasets comparing (a) negative vs. neutral material, (b) positive vs. neutral material, or (c) combined negative and positive vs. neutral material. We then specified several subgroup analyses to investigate potential moderators of the relationship between sleep and emotional memory consolidation. Results showed no overall effect for preferential sleep-dependent consolidation of emotional over neutral material. However, moderation analyses provided evidence for stronger effects when (a) studies used free recall rather than recognition outcome measures, or (b) delayed recall or recognition outcomes were controlled for initial learning. Those analyses also suggested that other methodological features (e.g., whether participants experience a full night of sleep and a regular daytime waking control condition rather than a nap and a night-time sleep deprivation control condition) and sample characteristics (e.g. all-male or not, young adult or not) should be carefully addressed in future research in this field. These findings suggest that sleep does enhance emotional memory, but that in the laboratory the effect is only observed under particular methodological conditions. The conditions we identify as being critical to consider are consistent with general theories guiding scientific understanding of memory consolidation during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosia Lipinska
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Beth Stuart
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin G F Thomas
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David S Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elaina Bolinger
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Verma K, Kashyap N. Sleep deprivation enhances false memory on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task. PSYCHOLOGICAL THOUGHT 2019. [DOI: 10.5964/psyct.v12i1.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
False memories are memories that people report to be true with high confidence, even though they had never encountered the fact behind the memory in reality. Such memories possess strong semantic association with already existing encoded memories which hence appear to be familiar. Sleep is known to provide optimal conditions for the consolidation of long-term memories whereas the deprivation of sleep is known to hinder memory’s consolidation process. The role of sleep in the formation and enhancement of false memories was tested. The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task was used to induce false memory in thirty-nine male volunteers who either slept or remained awake following learning. Following a night of recovery sleep both groups returned for retrieval of memory. It was found that sleep deprivation in comparison to sleep led to higher false memory.
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26
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Abichou K, La Corte V, Hubert N, Orriols E, Gaston-Bellegarde A, Nicolas S, Piolino P. Young and Older Adults Benefit From Sleep, but Not From Active Wakefulness for Memory Consolidation of What-Where-When Naturalistic Events. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:58. [PMID: 30949043 PMCID: PMC6435496 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive psychological literature shows that sleep actively promotes human episodic memory (EM) consolidation in younger adults. However, evidence for the benefit of sleep for EM consolidation in aging is still elusive. In addition, most of the previous studies used EM assessments that are very different from everyday life conditions and are far from considering all the hallmarks of this memory system. In this study, the effect of an extended period of sleep was compared to the effect of an extended period of active wakefulness on the EM consolidation of naturalistic events, using a novel (What-Where-When) EM task, rich in perceptual details and spatio-temporal context, presented in a virtual environment. We investigated the long-term What-Where-When and Details binding performances of young and elderly people before and after an interval of sleep or active wakefulness. Although we found a noticeable age-related decline in EM, both age groups benefited from sleep, but not from active wakefulness. In younger adults, only the period of sleep significantly enhanced the capacity to associate different components of EM (binding performance) and more specifically the free recall of what-when information. Interestingly, in the elderly, sleep significantly enhanced not only the recall of factual elements but also associated details and contextual information as well as the amount of high feature binding (i.e., What-Where-When and Details). Thus, this study evidences the benefit of sleep, and the detrimental effect of active wakefulness, on long-term feature binding, which is one of the core characteristics of EM, and its effectiveness in normal aging. However, further research should investigate whether this benefit is specific to sleep or more generally results from the effect of a post-learning period of reduced interference, which could also concern quiet wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouloud Abichou
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Valentina La Corte
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Hubert
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Eric Orriols
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Alexandre Gaston-Bellegarde
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Serge Nicolas
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Piolino
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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27
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Cellini N, Mercurio M, Sarlo M. The Fate of Emotional Memories Over a Week: Does Sleep Play Any Role? Front Psychol 2019; 10:481. [PMID: 30890991 PMCID: PMC6411793 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is a wide consensus on how sleep processes declarative memories, how sleep affects emotional memories remains elusive. Moreover, studies assessing the long-term effect of sleep on emotional memory consolidation are scarce. Studies testing subclinical populations characterized by REM abnormalities are also lacking. Here we aimed to (i) investigate the fate of emotional memories and the potential unbinding (or preservation) between content and affective tone over time (i.e., 1 week), (ii) explore the role of seven nights of sleep (recorded via actigraphy) in emotional memory consolidation, and (iii) assess whether participants with self-reported mild-moderate depressive symptoms forget less emotional information compared to participants with low depression symptoms. We found that, although at the immediate recognition session emotional information was forgotten more than neutral information, a week later it was forgotten less than neutral information. This effect was observed both in participants with low and mild-moderate depressive symptoms. We also observed an increase in valence rating over time for negative pictures, whereas perceived arousal diminished a week later for both types of stimuli (unpleasant and neutral); an initial decrease was already observable at the immediate recognition session. Interestingly, we observed a negative association between sleep efficiency across the week and change in memory discrimination for unpleasant pictures over time, i.e., participants who slept worse were the ones who forgot less emotional information. Our results suggest that emotional memories are resistant to forgetting, particularly when sleep is disrupted, and they are not affected by non-clinical depression symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Mercurio
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Sarlo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Colvonen PJ, Straus LD, Acheson D, Gehrman P. A Review of the Relationship Between Emotional Learning and Memory, Sleep, and PTSD. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:2. [PMID: 30661137 PMCID: PMC6645393 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-0987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The emotional memory and learning model of PTSD posits maladaptive fear conditioning, extinction learning, extinction recall, and safety learning as central mechanisms to PTSD. There is increasingly convincing support that sleep disturbance plays a mechanistic role in these processes. The current review consolidates the evidence on the relationships between emotional memory and learning, disturbed sleep, and PTSD acquisition, maintenance, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS While disrupted sleep prior to trauma predicts PTSD onset, maladaptive fear acquisition does not seem to be the mechanism through which PTSD is acquired. Rather, poor extinction learning/recall and safety learning seem to better account for who maintains acute stress responses from trauma versus who naturally recovers; there is convincing evidence that this process is, at least in part, mediated by REM fragmentation. Individuals with PTSD had higher "fear load" during extinction, worse extinction learning, poorer extinction recall, and worse safety learning. Evidence suggests that these processes are also mediated by fragmented REM. Finally, PTSD treatments that require extinction and safety learning may also be affected by REM fragmentation. Addressing fragmented sleep or sleep architecture could be used to increase emotional memory and learning processes and thus ameliorate responses to trauma exposure, reduce PTSD severity, and improve treatment. Future studies should examine relationships between emotional memory and learning and disturbed sleep in clinical PTSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Colvonen
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
| | - Laura D Straus
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dean Acheson
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Philip Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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29
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Gui WJ, Wang PY, Lei X, Lin T, Horta M, Liu XY, Yu J. Sleep facilitates consolidation of positive emotional memory in healthy older adults. Memory 2018; 27:387-396. [PMID: 30142023 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1513038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has demonstrated that sleep-related memory consolidation declines in ageing. However, little is known about age-related changes to sleep-related emotional memory consolidation, especially when considering the positivity effect observed in older adults. In the present study, we sought to explore whether there is a positive emotional bias in sleep-related memory consolidation among healthy older adults. Young and older adults were randomly assigned either into a sleep or wake condition. All participants encoded positive, negative, and neutral stimuli and underwent recognition tests immediately (test 1), after a 12-hour sleep/wake interval (test 2), and 3 days after test 2 (test 3). Results showed that age-related differences of sleep beneficial effect were modulated by emotion valence. In particular, sleep selectively enhanced positive memory in older adults, while in young adults sleep beneficial effect was manifested in neutral memory. Moreover, the sleep beneficial effect can be maintained at least 3 days in both young and older adults. These findings suggest that older adults had preserved but positive bias of sleep-related memory consolidation, which could be one of the underlying mechanisms for their generally better emotional well-being in daily life. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay among sleep and emotional memory in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Gui
- a Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Yun Wang
- b Key Laboratory of Mental Health , Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lei
- a Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Lin
- c Department of Psychology , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611-2250 , USA
| | - Marilyn Horta
- c Department of Psychology , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611-2250 , USA
| | - Xiao-Yi Liu
- a Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- a Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory of Mental Health , Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , People's Republic of China
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30
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Lau EYY, McAteer S, Leung CNW, Tucker MA, Li C. Beneficial effects of a daytime nap on verbal memory in adolescents. J Adolesc 2018; 67:77-84. [PMID: 29929055 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the sleep-dependent memory consolidation of verbal declarative memory in Chinese adolescents in a naturalistic experimental setting. Thirty-nine healthy boarding school students (ages 15-18, 70% female) were randomized to either a one-hour afternoon nap or wake group between the baseline and the retest sessions of three verbal declarative memory tasks: a Prose Stories Recall task, a Word Pair Associates task, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Results showed that the nap group performed better than the no-nap group on both the Prose Stories Recall task and the Word Pair Associates task, but not on list learning. Our findings suggest that napping is beneficial to verbal declarative memory in adolescents, providing ecologically-valid empirical support for the sleep-dependent memory consolidation hypothesis using a napping paradigm in participants' naturalistic habitat. Our results demonstrate the potential importance of napping as a practical mnemonic intervention/compensatory strategy for student populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Yuet Ying Lau
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Susan McAteer
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Cheng Li
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Beattie
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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32
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Association of Sleep and Circadian Activity Rhythm with Emotional Face Processing among 12-month-old Infants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3200. [PMID: 29453399 PMCID: PMC5816664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythmicity both play an important role in human’s cognitive functioning, yet the way in which early development of sleep and circadian rhythm affects cognitive processes and social learning in infants remains less understood. We examined the association of sleep and circadian activity rhythm (CAR) with face and emotional information processing in 12-month old infants. Face processing was measured by eye tracking, whereby infants’ scanning patterns and pupil dilations were calculated when they were presented with neutral, pleasant and unpleasant faces. Infants with better sleep quality (i.e., less waking after sleep onset) and lower sleep-wake pattern variability (i.e., higher inter-daily stability) exhibited a higher eyes over mouth fixation ratio (EMR). Infants with longer total sleep time showed larger pupil diameter changes in response to emotional facial expressions, more closely resembling the responses of adults. Our findings suggest the role of sleep and circadian rhythm in waking cognition and have implications for understanding the early development of social learning in young children.
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33
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Payne JD, Kensinger EA. Stress, sleep, and the selective consolidation of emotional memories. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Brand S, Schilling R, Ludyga S, Colledge F, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Pühse U, Gerber M. Further Evidence of the Zero-Association Between Symptoms of Insomnia and Facial Emotion Recognition-Results From a Sample of Adults in Their Late 30s. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:754. [PMID: 30705644 PMCID: PMC6344466 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Restoring sleep is associated with favorable cognitive, emotional, and behavioral adaptations. As regards the association between sleep duration and facial emotion recognition (FER), results are conflicting, and as regards the association between symptoms of insomnia and FER, no study has been performed so far. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether subjective sleep was associated with FER, along with perceived stress and mental toughness. Method: A total of 201 police officers (mean age = 38.5 years, 64.2% males) took part in the present cross-sectional study. They completed questionnaires covering socio-demographic data, subjective symptoms of insomnia, perceived stress, and mental toughness. Further, they underwent a computerized FER test, consisting of facial emotion labeling and facial emotion matching. Results: Performance of FER (accuracy, speed) was unrelated to subjective symptoms of insomnia. Lower FER was associated with higher age, but not to perceived stress or mental toughness. No gender differences were observed. Higher symptoms of insomnia were associated with higher stress scores and lower scores of mental toughness. Conclusions: The pattern of results suggests that FER was not associated with symptoms of insomnia, understood as a proxy of sleep quality, among adults. This observation replicates those studies showing a zero-association between sleep and FER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Brand
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Sleep Disturbances Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - René Schilling
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flora Colledge
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Sleep Disturbances Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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35
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Sawangjit A, Kelemen E, Born J, Inostroza M. Sleep Enhances Recognition Memory for Conspecifics as Bound into Spatial Context. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:28. [PMID: 28270755 PMCID: PMC5319304 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Social memory refers to the fundamental ability of social species to recognize their conspecifics in quite different contexts. Sleep has been shown to benefit consolidation, especially of hippocampus-dependent episodic memory whereas effects of sleep on social memory are less well studied. Here, we examined the effect of sleep on memory for conspecifics in rats. To discriminate interactions between the consolidation of social memory and of spatial context during sleep, adult Long Evans rats performed on a social discrimination task in a radial arm maze. The Learning phase comprised three 10-min sampling sessions in which the rats explored a juvenile rat presented at a different arm of the maze in each session. Then the rats were allowed to sleep (n = 18) or stayed awake (n = 18) for 120 min. During the following 10-min Test phase, the familiar juvenile rat (of the Learning phase) was presented along with a novel juvenile rat, each rat at an opposite arm of the maze. Significant social recognition memory, as indicated by preferential exploration of the novel over the familiar conspecific, occurred only after post-learning sleep, but not after wakefulness. Sleep, compared with wakefulness, significantly enhanced social recognition during the first minute of the Test phase. However, memory expression depended on the spatial configuration: Significant social recognition memory emerged only after sleep when the rat encountered the novel conspecific at a place different from that of the familiar juvenile in the last sampling session before sleep. Though unspecific retrieval-related effects cannot entirely be excluded, our findings suggest that sleep, rather than independently enhancing social and spatial aspects of memory, consolidates social memory by acting on an episodic representation that binds the memory of the conspecific together with the spatial context in which it was recently encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuck Sawangjit
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eduard Kelemen
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany; National Institute of Mental HealthKlecany, Czechia
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM)Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Marion Inostroza
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany; Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
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36
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Pardilla-Delgado E, Payne JD. The impact of sleep on true and false memory across long delays. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 137:123-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Memory consolidation of socially relevant stimuli during sleep in healthy children and children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder: What you can see in their eyes. Biol Psychol 2016; 123:196-204. [PMID: 28049026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display deficits in sleep-dependent memory consolidation, and being comorbid with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), results in deficits in face processing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of sleep in recognizing faces in children with ADHD+ODD. Sixteen healthy children and 16 children diagnosed with ADHD+ODD participated in a sleep and a wake condition. During encoding (sleep condition at 8p.m.; wake condition at 8a.m.) pictures of faces were rated according to their emotional content; the retrieval session (12h after encoding session) contained a recognition task including pupillometry. Pupillometry and behavioral data revealed that healthy children benefited from sleep compared to wake with respect to face picture recognition; in contrast recognition performance in patients with ADHD+ODD was not improved after sleep compared to wake. It is discussed whether in patients with ADHD+ODD social stimuli are preferentially consolidated during daytime.
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38
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Sun W, Wang G, Jiang Y, Song Y, Dong S, Lin Q, Deng Y, Zhu Q, Jiang F. Six-month-old infant long sleepers prefer a human face. Sleep Med 2016; 27-28:28-31. [PMID: 27938915 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is known to influence socio-emotional regulation among children and preschoolers, whereas little is known about the association between sleep and social preference during infancy. METHODS In the current study, habitual sleep of 49 infants aged around six months old were surveyed by questionnaire, and their social preference was revealed by their preferential gaze in three conditions: (1) a human face paired with an object (ie, a cup), (2) a human face paired with an animal face (ie, a dog), and (3) a dog face paired with a cup. RESULTS In general, images with richer social information (ie, a human face and dog) attracted infants' gaze significantly more than nonsocial images (ie, cup). Infants with shorter sleep duration (ie, <13 h a day) show a significant reduction in their preference toward a human face when paired with a dog than infants with longer sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an early positive link between sleep duration and preference towards socially rich stimuli (eg, a human face) during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Sun
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guanghai Wang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanrui Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Song
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumei Dong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingmin Lin
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China.
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39
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Beattie L, Walsh D, McLaren J, Biello SM, White D. Perceptual impairment in face identification with poor sleep. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160321. [PMID: 27853547 PMCID: PMC5098972 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown impaired memory for faces following restricted sleep. However, it is not known whether lack of sleep impairs performance on face identification tasks that do not rely on recognition memory, despite these tasks being more prevalent in security and forensic professions-for example, in photo-ID checks at national borders. Here we tested whether poor sleep affects accuracy on a standard test of face-matching ability that does not place demands on memory: the Glasgow Face-Matching Task (GFMT). In Experiment 1, participants who reported sleep disturbance consistent with insomnia disorder show impaired accuracy on the GFMT when compared with participants reporting normal sleep behaviour. In Experiment 2, we then used a sleep diary method to compare GFMT accuracy in a control group to participants reporting poor sleep on three consecutive nights-and again found lower accuracy scores in the short sleep group. In both experiments, reduced face-matching accuracy in those with poorer sleep was not associated with lower confidence in their decisions, carrying implications for occupational settings where identification errors made with high confidence can have serious outcomes. These results suggest that sleep-related impairments in face memory reflect difficulties in perceptual encoding of identity, and point towards metacognitive impairment in face matching following poor sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Beattie
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Darragh Walsh
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - David White
- School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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40
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Sleep before and after learning promotes the consolidation of both neutral and emotional information regardless of REM presence. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 133:136-144. [PMID: 27321589 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sleep may play a role in consolidating emotional memories. However, studies on the effects of REM sleep on negative vs. neutral memories have produced inconsistent evidence. Here, we assess the role of NREM and REM sleep before and after learning in promoting the consolidation of neutral and arousing pleasant and unpleasant memories. Forty-six (32 F) healthy university students were exposed to a set of pictures at 1:00PM (Session 1) and to an equivalent set at 4:45PM (Session 2). All the pictures in Session 1 and Session 2 were presented again, intermixed with new similar pictures at 5:15PM in a memory recognition task. Following Session 1, participants took a 90/120-min nap (NAP group), while 16 participants remained awake (WAKE group). Via polysomnographic recording, the NAP group was segregated into REM (N=14) and NoREM groups (N=16). Indices of memory consolidation for both stimuli presented before (discriminability of Session 1 pictures in Session 3) and after sleep (discriminability of Session 2 pictures in Session 3) were calculated. Memory consolidation for pictures presented both before and after the sleep period was higher in the NAP group as compared to the WAKE group, but no differential role of REM sleep emerged. A memory consolidation advantage was evident for neutral over pleasant (but not unpleasant) pictures. Taken together, these results indicate that a daytime nap (with or without REM sleep) facilitates consolidation of declarative memories presented before and after sleep irrespective of their valence.
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41
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Wassing R, Benjamins JS, Dekker K, Moens S, Spiegelhalder K, Feige B, Riemann D, van der Sluis S, Van Der Werf YD, Talamini LM, Walker MP, Schalkwijk F, Van Someren EJW. Slow dissolving of emotional distress contributes to hyperarousal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:2538-43. [PMID: 26858434 PMCID: PMC4780629 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522520113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying hyperarousal, the key symptom of insomnia, have remained elusive, hampering cause-targeted treatment. Recently, restless rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep emerged as a robust signature of sleep in insomnia. Given the role of REM sleep in emotion regulation, we hypothesized that restless REM sleep could interfere with the overnight resolution of emotional distress, thus contributing to accumulation of arousal. Participants (n = 1,199) completed questionnaires on insomnia severity, hyperarousal, self-conscious emotional distress, and thought-like nocturnal mentation that was validated to be a specific proxy for restless REM sleep (selective fragmentation: R = 0.57, P < 0.001; eye movement density: R = 0.46, P < 0.01) in 32 polysomnographically assessed participants. The experience of distress lasting overnight increased with insomnia severity (β = 0.29, P < 10(-23)), whereas short-lasting distress did not (β = -0.02, P = 0.41). Insomnia severity was associated with hyperarousal (β = 0.47, P < 10(-63)) and with the thought-like nocturnal mentation that is specifically associated with restless REM sleep (β = 0.31, P < 10(-26)). Structural equation modeling showed that 62.4% of the association between these key characteristics of insomnia was mediated specifically by reduced overnight resolution of emotional distress. The model outperformed all alternative mediation pathways. The findings suggest that restless REM sleep reflects a process that interferes with the overnight resolution of distress. Its accumulation may promote the development of chronic hyperarousal, giving clinical relevance to the role of REM sleep in emotion regulation in insomnia, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Wassing
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jeroen S Benjamins
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Experimental Psychology Section, Utrecht University, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Dekker
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Moens
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophie van der Sluis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Complex Trait Genetics Section, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D Van Der Werf
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia M Talamini
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1021 WX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650
| | - Frans Schalkwijk
- Institute for Psychotherapy, 1076 AP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Campus, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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de Almondes KM, Júnior FWNH, Alves NT. Sleep deprivation and implications for recognition and perception of facial emotions. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-015-0029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maurer L, Zitting KM, Elliott K, Czeisler CA, Ronda JM, Duffy JF. A new face of sleep: The impact of post-learning sleep on recognition memory for face-name associations. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 126:31-8. [PMID: 26549626 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sleep has been demonstrated to improve consolidation of many types of new memories. However, few prior studies have examined how sleep impacts learning of face-name associations. The recognition of a new face along with the associated name is an important human cognitive skill. Here we investigated whether post-presentation sleep impacts recognition memory of new face-name associations in healthy adults. Fourteen participants were tested twice. Each time, they were presented 20 photos of faces with a corresponding name. Twelve hours later, they were shown each face twice, once with the correct and once with an incorrect name, and asked if each face-name combination was correct and to rate their confidence. In one condition the 12-h interval between presentation and recall included an 8-h nighttime sleep opportunity ("Sleep"), while in the other condition they remained awake ("Wake"). There were more correct and highly confident correct responses when the interval between presentation and recall included a sleep opportunity, although improvement between the "Wake" and "Sleep" conditions was not related to duration of sleep or any sleep stage. These data suggest that a nighttime sleep opportunity improves the ability to correctly recognize face-name associations. Further studies investigating the mechanism of this improvement are important, as this finding has implications for individuals with sleep disturbances and/or memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Maurer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI438, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI438, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI438, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kieran Elliott
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI438, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI438, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI438, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph M Ronda
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI438, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI438, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI438, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI438, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hutchison IC, Rathore S. The role of REM sleep theta activity in emotional memory. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1439. [PMID: 26483709 PMCID: PMC4589642 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While non-REM (NREM) sleep has been strongly implicated in the reactivation and consolidation of memory traces, the role of rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep remains unclear. A growing body of research on humans and animals provide behavioral evidence for a role of REM sleep in the strengthening and modulation of emotional memories. Theta activity-which describes low frequency oscillations in the local field potential within the hippocampus, amygdala and neocortex-is a prominent feature of both wake and REM sleep in humans and rodents. Theta coherence between the hippocampus and amygdala drives large-scale pontine-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, the density of which predicts increases in plasticity-related gene expression. This could potentially facilitate the processing of emotional memory traces within the hippocampus during REM sleep. Further, the timing of hippocampal activity in relation to theta phase is vital in determining subsequent potentiation of neuronal activity. This could allow the emotionally modulated strengthening of novel and gradual weakening of consolidated hippocampal memory traces during REM sleep. Hippocampal theta activity is also correlated with REM sleep levels of achetylcholine - which is thought to reduce hippocampal inputs in the neocortex. The additional low levels of noradrenaline during REM sleep, which facilitate feedback within the neocortex, could allow the integration of novel memory traces previously consolidated during NREM sleep. We therefore propose that REM sleep mediates the prioritized processing of emotional memories within the hippocampus, the integration of previously consolidated memory traces within the neocortex, as well as the disengagement of consolidated neocortical memory traces from the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C Hutchison
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
| | - Shailendra Rathore
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London , London, UK ; Centre of Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London , London, UK
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45
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Lin H, Schulz C, Straube T. Fearful contextual expression impairs the encoding and recognition of target faces: an ERP study. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:237. [PMID: 26388751 PMCID: PMC4557081 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies have shown that the N170 to faces is modulated by the emotion of the face and its context. However, it is unclear how the encoding of emotional target faces as reflected in the N170 is modulated by the preceding contextual facial expression when temporal onset and identity of target faces are unpredictable. In addition, no study as yet has investigated whether contextual facial expression modulates later recognition of target faces. To address these issues, participants in the present study were asked to identify target faces (fearful or neutral) that were presented after a sequence of fearful or neutral contextual faces. The number of sequential contextual faces was random and contextual and target faces were of different identities so that temporal onset and identity of target faces were unpredictable. Electroencephalography (EEG) data was recorded during the encoding phase. Subsequently, participants had to perform an unexpected old/new recognition task in which target face identities were presented in either the encoded or the non-encoded expression. ERP data showed a reduced N170 to target faces in fearful as compared to neutral context regardless of target facial expression. In the later recognition phase, recognition rates were reduced for target faces in the encoded expression when they had been encountered in fearful as compared to neutral context. The present findings suggest that fearful compared to neutral contextual faces reduce the allocation of attentional resources towards target faces, which results in limited encoding and recognition of target faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Lin
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster Muenster, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster Muenster, Germany
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Tessier S, Lambert A, Scherzer P, Jemel B, Godbout R. REM sleep and emotional face memory in typically-developing children and children with autism. Biol Psychol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ackermann S, Hartmann F, Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain DJ, Rasch B. No Associations between Interindividual Differences in Sleep Parameters and Episodic Memory Consolidation. Sleep 2015; 38:951-9. [PMID: 25325488 PMCID: PMC4434562 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep and memory are stable and heritable traits that strongly differ between individuals. Sleep benefits memory consolidation, and the amount of slow wave sleep, sleep spindles, and rapid eye movement sleep have been repeatedly identified as reliable predictors for the amount of declarative and/or emotional memories retrieved after a consolidation period filled with sleep. These studies typically encompass small sample sizes, increasing the probability of overestimating the real association strength. In a large sample we tested whether individual differences in sleep are predictive for individual differences in memory for emotional and neutral pictures. DESIGN Between-subject design. SETTING Cognitive testing took place at the University of Basel, Switzerland. Sleep was recorded at participants' homes, using portable electroencephalograph-recording devices. PARTICIPANTS Nine hundred-twenty-nine healthy young participants (mean age 22.48 ± 3.60 y standard deviation). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS In striking contrast to our expectations as well as numerous previous findings, we did not find any significant correlations between sleep and memory consolidation for pictorial stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that individual differences in sleep are much less predictive for pictorial memory processes than previously assumed and suggest that previous studies using small sample sizes might have overestimated the association strength between sleep stage duration and pictorial memory performance. Future studies need to determine whether intraindividual differences rather than interindividual differences in sleep stage duration might be more predictive for the consolidation of emotional and neutral pictures during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ackermann
- Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, Division of Biopsychology, University of Zurich, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francina Hartmann
- Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique J.F. de Quervain
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Rasch
- Department of Psychology, Division of Biopsychology, University of Zurich, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, Cognitive Biopsychology and Methods, University of Fribourg, CH-1701 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Studte S, Bridger E, Mecklinger A. Nap sleep preserves associative but not item memory performance. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 120:84-93. [PMID: 25732251 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that sleep improves memory performance, and that even short naps during the day are beneficial. Certain physiological components of sleep such as spindles and slow-wave-sleep are thought to be particularly important for memory consolidation. The aim of this experiment was to reveal the role of naps for hippocampus-dependent associative memory (AM) and hippocampus-independent item memory (IM) alongside their corresponding ERP old/new effects. Participants learnt single words and word-pairs before performing an IM- and an AM-test (baseline). One group was subsequently allowed to nap (∼90min) while the other watched DVDs (control group). Afterwards, both groups performed a final IM- and AM-test for the learned stimuli (posttest). IM performance decreased for both groups, while AM performance decreased for the control group but remained constant for the nap group, consistent with predictions concerning the selective impact of napping on hippocampus-dependent recognition. Putative ERP correlates of familiarity and recollection were observed in the IM posttest, whereas only the later recollection-related effect was present in the AM test. Notably, none of these effects varied with group. Positive correlations were observed between spindle density during slow-wave-sleep and AM posttest performance as well as between spindle density during non-REM sleep and AM baseline performance, showing that successful learning and retrieval both before and after sleep relates to spindle density during nap sleep. Together, these results speak for a selective beneficial impact of naps on hippocampus-dependent memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Studte
- Experimental Neuropsychology Unit, Saarland University, Germany.
| | - Emma Bridger
- Experimental Neuropsychology Unit, Saarland University, Germany.
| | - Axel Mecklinger
- Experimental Neuropsychology Unit, Saarland University, Germany.
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Schönauer M, Pawlizki A, Köck C, Gais S. Exploring the effect of sleep and reduced interference on different forms of declarative memory. Sleep 2014; 37:1995-2007. [PMID: 25325490 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Many studies have found that sleep benefits declarative memory consolidation. However, fundamental questions on the specifics of this effect remain topics of discussion. It is not clear which forms of memory are affected by sleep and whether this beneficial effect is partly mediated by passive protection against interference. Moreover, a putative correlation between the structure of sleep and its memory-enhancing effects is still being discussed. DESIGN In three experiments, we tested whether sleep differentially affects various forms of declarative memory. We varied verbal content (verbal/nonverbal), item type (single/associate), and recall mode (recall/recognition, cued/free recall) to examine the effect of sleep on specific memory subtypes. We compared within-subject differences in memory consolidation between intervals including sleep, active wakefulness, or quiet meditation, which reduced external as well as internal interference and rehearsal. PARTICIPANTS Forty healthy adults aged 18-30 y, and 17 healthy adults aged 24-55 y with extensive meditation experience participated in the experiments. RESULTS All types of memory were enhanced by sleep if the sample size provided sufficient statistical power. Smaller sample sizes showed an effect of sleep if a combined measure of different declarative memory scales was used. In a condition with reduced external and internal interference, performance was equal to one with high interference. Here, memory consolidation was significantly lower than in a sleep condition. We found no correlation between sleep structure and memory consolidation. CONCLUSIONS Sleep does not preferentially consolidate a specific kind of declarative memory, but consistently promotes overall declarative memory formation. This effect is not mediated by reduced interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schönauer
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany: General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annedore Pawlizki
- General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Köck
- General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Gais
- General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany: Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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50
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Lin CC, Yang CM. Evidence of sleep-facilitating effect on formation of novel semantic associations: An event-related potential (ERP) study. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 116:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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