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Bakhtazad A, Kabbaj M, Garmabi B, Joghataei MT. The role of CART peptide in learning and memory: A potential therapeutic target in memory-related disorders. Peptides 2024; 181:171298. [PMID: 39317295 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) mRNA and peptide are vastly expressed in both cortical and subcortical brain areas and are involved in critical cognitive functions. CART peptide (CARTp), described in reward-related brain structures, regulates drug-induced learning and memory, and its role appears specific to psychostimulants. However, many other drugs of abuse, such as alcohol, opiates, nicotine, and caffeine, have been shown to alter the expression levels of CART mRNA and peptides in brain structures directly or indirectly associated with learning and memory processes. However, the number of studies demonstrating the contribution of CARTp in learning and memory is still minimal. Notably, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying CARTp effects are still unknown. The discoveries that CARTp effects are mediated through a putative G-protein coupled receptor and activation of cellular signaling cascades via NMDA receptor-coupled ERK have enhanced our knowledge about the action of this neuropeptide and allowed us to comprehend better CARTp exact cellular/molecular mechanisms that could mediate drug-induced changes in learning and memory functions. Unfortunately, these efforts have been impeded by the lack of suitable and specific CARTp receptor antagonists. In this review, following a short introduction about CARTp, we report on current knowledge about CART's roles in learning and memory processes and its recently described role in memory-related neurological disorders. We will also discuss the importance of further investigating how CARTp interacts with its receptor(s) and other neurotransmitter systems to influence learning and memory functions. This topic is sure to intrigue and motivate further exploration in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Bakhtazad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamed Kabbaj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, United States; Program of Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, United States
| | - Behzad Garmabi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhou Y, Cong T, Chen J, Chu Z, Sun Y, Zhao D, Chen X, Li L, Liu Y, Cheng J, Li Q, Yin S, Xiao Z. Protective role of TRPV2 in synaptic plasticity through the ERK1/2-CREB-BDNF pathway in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 721:150128. [PMID: 38776831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic stress is a significant risk factor for mood disorders such as depression, where synaptic plasticity plays a central role in pathogenesis. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type-2 (TRPV2) Ion Channels are implicated in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis disorders. Previous proteomic analysis indicated a reduction in TRPV2 levels in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model, yet its role in synaptic plasticity during depression remains to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate TRPV2's role in depression and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted using the TRPV2-specific agonist probenecid and ERK1/2 inhibitors SCH772984. In vivo, rats underwent six weeks of CUMS before probenecid administration. Depressive-like behaviors were assessed through behavioral tests. ELISA kits measured 5-HT, DA, NE levels in rat hippocampal tissues. Hippocampal morphology was examined via Nissl staining. In vitro, rat hippocampal neuron cell lines were treated with ERK1/2 inhibitors SCH772984 and probenecid. Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-qPCR assessed TRPV2 expression, neurogenesis-related proteins, synaptic markers, and ERK1/2-CREB-BDNF signaling proteins. RESULTS Decreased hippocampal TRPV2 levels were observed in CUMS rats. Probenecid treatment mitigated depressive-like behavior and enhanced hippocampal 5-HT, NE, and DA levels in CUMS rats. TRPV2 activation countered CUMS-induced synaptic plasticity inhibition. Probenecid activated the ERK1/2-CREB-BDNF pathway, suggesting TRPV2's involvement in this pathway via ERK1/2. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that TRPV2 activation offers protective effects against depressive-like behaviors and enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity in CUMS rats via the ERK1/2-CREB-BDNF pathway. TRPV2 emerges as a potential therapeutic target for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting Cong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenchen Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Danmei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Liya Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingxin Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medicine College of Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiani Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiwei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Shengming Yin
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medicine College of Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.
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Singh N, Nandy SK, Jyoti A, Saxena J, Sharma A, Siddiqui AJ, Sharma L. Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Neurological Health: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease and Chronic Alcohol Consumption. Brain Sci 2024; 14:554. [PMID: 38928554 PMCID: PMC11201589 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a diverse enzyme family crucial for cell signalling in various organs. Its dysregulation is linked to numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological problems. In the brain, PKC plays pivotal roles in synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, and neuronal survival. Specifically, PKC's involvement in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis is of significant interest. The dysregulation of PKC signalling has been linked to neurological disorders, including AD. This review elucidates PKC's pivotal role in neurological health, particularly its implications in AD pathogenesis and chronic alcohol addiction. AD, characterised by neurodegeneration, implicates PKC dysregulation in synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. Conversely, chronic alcohol consumption elicits neural adaptations intertwined with PKC signalling, exacerbating addictive behaviours. By unravelling PKC's involvement in these afflictions, potential therapeutic avenues emerge, offering promise for ameliorating their debilitating effects. This review navigates the complex interplay between PKC, AD pathology, and alcohol addiction, illuminating pathways for future neurotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology, and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Shouvik Kumar Nandy
- School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India;
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India;
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India;
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology, and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lalit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology, and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (A.S.)
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Tancheva L, Kalfin R, Minchev B, Uzunova D, Tasheva K, Tsvetanova E, Georgieva A, Alexandrova A, Stefanova M, Solak A, Lazarova M, Hodzhev Y, Grigorova V, Yarkov D, Petkova-Kirova P. Memory Recovery Effect of a New Bioactive Innovative Combination in Rats with Experimental Dementia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2050. [PMID: 38136170 PMCID: PMC10740861 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a complex pathological condition, with neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction being a few of the many pathological changes. Due to the complexity of the disease, current therapeutic strategies aim at a multitargeted approach, often relying on a combination of substances with versatile and complementary effects. In the present study, a unique combination of α-lipoic acid, citicoline, extracts of leaves from olive tree and green tea, vitamin D3, selenium and an immune-supporting complex was tested in scopolamine-induced dementia in rats. Using behavioral and biochemical methods, we assessed the effects of the combination on learning and memory, and elucidated the mechanisms of these effects. Our results showed that, compared to its components, the experimental combination was most efficient in improving short- and long-term memory as assessed by the step-through method as well as spatial memory as assessed by T-maze and Barnes maze underlined by decreases in AChE activity (p < 0.05) and LPO (p < 0.001), increases in SOD activity in the cortex (p < 0.05) and increases in catalase (p < 0.05) and GPx (p < 0.01) activities and BDNF (p < 0.001) and pCREB (p < 0.05) levels in the hippocampus. No significant histopathological changes or blood parameter changes were detected, making the experimental combination an effective and safe candidate in a multitargeted treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubka Tancheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Ivan Mihailov Str. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Borislav Minchev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Diamara Uzunova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Krasimira Tasheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Elina Tsvetanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Almira Georgieva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Albena Alexandrova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
- National Sports Academy, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Acad. S. Mladenov Str. 21, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslava Stefanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Ayten Solak
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
- Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, Cherni Vrah Blvd 53, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Lazarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Yordan Hodzhev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Yanko Sakazov Blvd 26, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Valya Grigorova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Dobri Yarkov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Polina Petkova-Kirova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (B.M.); (D.U.); (E.T.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
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Gholizadeh N, Dalimi A, Ghaffarifar F, Nader-Mohammadi M, Molavi P, Dadkhah M, Molaei S. Berberine improves inhibitory avoidance memory impairment of Toxoplasma gondii-infected rat model of ketamine-induced schizophrenia. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:303. [PMID: 37649038 PMCID: PMC10469906 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory impairment caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection has been documented. Berberine (BRB) is well known for its enhancing effects on memory and has shown promising results. However, the impact of BRB on T. gondii infection and schizophrenia-induced consolidation and reconsolidation memory impairment is still unclear. Here; we examined the effect of BRB on the inhibitory avoidance (IA) memory consolidation and reconsolidation impairment induced by T. gondii infection, and ketamine (Ket) as a pharmacological model of schizophrenia. Also; the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus were analyzed. METHODS Rats were infected with T. gondii RH strain or received Ket (30 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally (i.p) for at least five consecutive days (as the model of schizophrenia). Then followed by oral administration with BRB (25 mg/kg/day) for five days. Finally, the IA memory retention test was examined 48 post-conditioning, and BDNF was measured. RESULTS Results indicated IA memory impairment in T. gondii-infected animals since lower step-through latency (STL) was observed than in control animals. We found significant (P = 0.01, P = 0.001) elevations in STL and a significant decrease (P = 0.001) in total time spent in the dark area following BRB administration in infected and Ket-treated rats, indicating improvement (increased STL) in consolidation and reconsolidation memory. Moreover, BDNF levels were reduced (P = 0.01) in the hippocampus and mPFC regions of both T. gondii- infected and Ket-induced groups, which remarkably enhanced after BRB treatment. Furthermore; we found that BRB administration notably increased the mPFC BDNF levels in mPFC (P < 0.01) and hippocampus (P = 0.001) in the Ket-treated and rats infected with T. gondii. CONCLUSION Taken together; BRB may be a valuable preclinical treatment for improving memory impairment through BDNF expression in PFC and hippocampus, therefore; BRB is suggested for memory disturbances induced by T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neghin Gholizadeh
- Students Research Committee, Public Health School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Dalimi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehryar Nader-Mohammadi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Parviz Molavi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Soheila Molaei
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Althammer F, Roy RK, Kirchner MK, Campos-Lira E, Whitley KE, Davis S, Montanez J, Ferreira-Neto HC, Danh J, Feresin R, Biancardi VC, Zafar U, Parent MB, Stern JE. Angiotensin II-Mediated Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus Contributes to Neuronal Deficits and Cognitive Impairment in Heart Failure Rats. Hypertension 2023; 80:1258-1273. [PMID: 37035922 PMCID: PMC10192104 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating disease affecting >64 million people worldwide. In addition to impaired cardiovascular performance and associated systemic complications, most patients with HF suffer from depression and substantial cognitive decline. Although neuroinflammation and brain hypoperfusion occur in humans and rodents with HF, the underlying neuronal substrates, mechanisms, and their relative contribution to cognitive deficits in HF remains unknown. METHODS To address this critical gap in our knowledge, we used a well-established HF rat model that mimics clinical outcomes observed in the human population, along with a multidisciplinary approach combining behavioral, electrophysiological, neuroanatomical, molecular and systemic physiological approaches. RESULTS Our studies support neuroinflammation, hypoperfusion/hypoxia, and neuronal deficits in the hippocampus of HF rats, which correlated with the progression and severity of the disease. An increased expression of AT1aRs (Ang II [angiotensin II] receptor type 1a) in hippocampal microglia preceded the onset of neuroinflammation. Importantly, blockade of AT1Rs with a clinically used therapeutic drug (Losartan), and delivered in a clinically relevant manner, efficiently reversed neuroinflammatory end points (but not hypoxia ones), resulting in turn in improved cognitive performance in HF rats. Finally, we show than circulating Ang II can leak and access the hippocampal parenchyma in HF rats, constituting a possible source of Ang II initiating the neuroinflammatory signaling cascade in HF. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified a neuronal substrate (hippocampus), a mechanism (Ang II-driven neuroinflammation) and a potential neuroprotective therapeutic target (AT1aRs) for the treatment of cognitive deficits in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Althammer
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
| | - Ranjan K. Roy
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
| | - Matthew K. Kirchner
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
| | - Elba Campos-Lira
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, GA,
USA
| | | | - Steven Davis
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, GA,
USA
| | - Juliana Montanez
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Danh
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta,
GA 30302, USA
| | - Rafaela Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta,
GA 30302, USA
| | - Vinicia Campana Biancardi
- Anatomy, Physiology, & Pharmacology, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Usama Zafar
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, GA,
USA
| | - Marise B. Parent
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, GA,
USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University,
Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Javier E. Stern
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, GA,
USA
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Rosa J, de Carvalho Myskiw J, Fiorenza NG, Furini CRG, Sapiras GG, Izquierdo I. Hippocampal cholinergic receptors and the mTOR participation in fear-motivated inhibitory avoidance extinction memory. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114129. [PMID: 36179804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has demonstrated the hippocampal cholinergic system and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) participation during the memory formation of aversive events. This study assessed the role of these systems in the hippocampus for the extinction memory process by submitting male Wistar rats to fear-motivated step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA). The post-extinction session administration of the nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists, mecamylamine and scopolamine, respectively, both at doses of 2 µg/µl/side, and rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor (0.02 µg/µl/side), into the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus, impaired the IA extinction memory. Furthermore, the nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists, nicotine and muscarine, respectively, had a dose-dependent effect on the IA extinction memory when administered intra-CA1, immediately after the extinction session. Nicotine (0.6 µg/µl/side) and muscarine (0.02 µg/µl/side), respectively, had no effect, while the higher doses (6 and 2 µg/µl/side, respectively) impaired the IA extinction memory. Interestingly, the co-administration of muscarine at the lower dose blocked the impairment that was induced by rapamycin. This effect was not observed when nicotine at the lower dose was co-administered. These results have demonstrated the participation of the cholinergic receptors and mTOR in the hippocampus for IA extinction, and that the cholinergic agonists had a dose-dependent effect on the IA extinction memory. This study provides insights related to the behavioural aspects and the neurobiological properties underlying the early stage of fear-motivated IA extinction memory consolidation and suggests that there is hippocampal muscarinic receptor participation independent of mTOR in this memory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rosa
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, Floor 2, 90610-600 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jociane de Carvalho Myskiw
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, Floor 2, 90610-600 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), National Research Council of Brazil, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves 9500, Building 43422, Room 208 A, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalia Gindri Fiorenza
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, Floor 2, 90610-600 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Branch Ceara, 60760-000 Eusebio, CE, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Regina Guerino Furini
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, Floor 2, 90610-600 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), National Research Council of Brazil, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Cognition and Memory Neurobiology, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, 3rd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gerson Guilherme Sapiras
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, Floor 2, 90610-600 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Clinical Hospital of Passo Fundo (HCPF), Tiradentes 295, 99010-260 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivan Izquierdo
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, Floor 2, 90610-600 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), National Research Council of Brazil, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Rapanelli M, Wang W, Hurley E, Feltri ML, Pittenger C, Frick LR, Yan Z. Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are involved in behavioral abnormalities associated with Cul3 deficiency: Role of prefrontal cortex projections in cognitive deficits. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:22. [PMID: 36693858 PMCID: PMC9873627 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of the gene Cul3 have been identified as a risk factor for autism-spectrum disorder (ASD), but the pathogenic mechanisms are not well understood. Conditional Cul3 ablation in cholinergic neurons of mice (ChatCRECul3F/+) recapitulated ASD-like social and sensory gating phenotypes and caused significant cognitive impairments, with diminished activity of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF). Chemogenetic inhibition of BF cholinergic neurons in healthy mice induced similar social and cognitive deficits. Conversely, chemogenetic stimulation of BF cholinergic neurons in ChatCRECul3F/+ mice reversed abnormalities in sensory gating and cognition. Cortical hypofunction was also found after ChAT-specific Cul3 ablation and stimulation of cholinergic projections from the BF to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) mitigated cognitive deficits. Overall, we demonstrate that cholinergic dysfunction due to Cul3 deficiency is involved in ASD-like behavioral abnormalities, and that BF cholinergic neurons are particularly critical for cognitive component through their projections to the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Rapanelli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Edward Hurley
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Maria Laura Feltri
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program. Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Christopher Pittenger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale Child Study Center, and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, Buffalo, USA
| | - Luciana Romina Frick
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program. Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA.
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program. Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA.
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9
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Bartos M, Gumilar F, Baier CJ, Dominguez S, Bras C, Cancela LM, Minetti A, Gallegos CE. Rat developmental fluoride exposure affects retention memory, leads to a depressive-like behavior, and induces biochemical changes in offspring rat brains. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:222-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Doncheva N, Mihaylova A, Zlatanova H, Ivanovska M, Delev D, Murdjeva M, Kostadinov I. Vitamin D 3 exerts immunomodulatory and memory improving properties in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2022; 64:770-781. [PMID: 36876547 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e67739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid, its primary function being regulation of calcium-phosphate homeostasis and maintenance of bone integrity and mineralization. Recently, pleotropic effects of this vitamin have been recognized, including an immunomodulatory role and involvement in normal brain development and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Delian Delev
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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11
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Coppolino S, Giacopelli G, Migliore M. Sequence Learning in a Single Trial: A Spiking Neurons Model Based on Hippocampal Circuitry. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2022; 33:3178-3183. [PMID: 33481720 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2021.3049281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In contrast with our everyday experience using brain circuits, it can take a prohibitively long time to train a computational system to produce the correct sequence of outputs in the presence of a series of inputs. This suggests that something important is missing in the way in which models are trying to reproduce basic cognitive functions. In this work, we introduce a new neuronal network architecture that is able to learn, in a single trial, an arbitrary long sequence of any known objects. The key point of the model is the explicit use of mechanisms and circuitry observed in the hippocampus, which allow the model to reach a level of efficiency and accuracy that, to the best of our knowledge, is not possible with abstract network implementations. By directly following the natural system's layout and circuitry, this type of implementation has the additional advantage that the results can be more easily compared to the experimental data, allowing a deeper and more direct understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive functions and dysfunctions and opening the way to a new generation of learning architectures.
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12
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Hosseini Z, Mansouritorghabeh F, Kakhki FSH, Hosseini M, Rakhshandeh H, Hosseini A, Hasanpour M, Iranshahi M, Rajabian A. Effect of Sanguisorba minor on scopolamine-induced memory loss in rat: involvement of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:473-488. [PMID: 34982352 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sanguisorba minor (S. minor) has neuroprotective and antioxidant activities. However, its potential benefits in ameliorating learning and memory functions have been explored in no studies up to now. So, in the current study, rats were treated with S. minor hydro-ethanolic extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) as well as rivastigmine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 21 consecutive days. Thereafter, their behavioral performance was assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tasks. Notably, 30 min before conducting the tasks, scopolamine was injected. Finally, the biochemical assessments were done using the brain tissue. The extract characterization was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which confirmed the presence of quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, catechin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid derivatives. In the MWM test, the extract reduced both escape latency and the travelled distance, compared to the scopolamine group. Moreover, in the PA test, the latency to enter the dark chamber significantly increased by the extract, compared to the scopolamine group (p < 0.05-p < 0.001). Notably, the beneficial effects of S. minor on cognitive performance of the scopolamine-treated rats appeared to be similar or even better than rivastigmine in behavior performance. Similar to rivastigmine, it was observed that the extract attenuated both AChE activity and oxidative injury in the brain as evidenced by the increased antioxidant enzymes and total thiol content; however, it decreased malondialdehyde level (p < 0.05-p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results suggested the effectiveness of S. minor in preventing cognitive dysfunction induced by scopolamine. Accordingly, these protective effects might be produced by the regulation of cholinergic activity and oxidative stress. S. minor could be considered as a potential alternative therapy in cognition disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Ding Y, Luan W, Shen X, Wang Z, Cao Y. LncRNA BDNF-AS as ceRNA regulates the miR-9-5p/BACE1 pathway affecting neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 99:104614. [PMID: 34990931 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The long non-coding RNA Brain-derived nutritional factor anti-sense RNA (BDNF-AS) is a type of anti-sense RNA that has been proven to play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of certain nervous system disorders. However, the role and molecular mechanism of BDNF-AS in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been elucidated yet. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from outpatients with AD as well as from normal elderly individuals in the community, and the expression of BDNF-AS was analysed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. An in vitro model was constructed, and the effect of BDNF-AS expression level on the cells was measured using the CCK8 method and flow cytometry. The molecular biological mechanism of BDNF-AS in AD was examined using the luciferase reporter, MS2-RIP, and RNA pulldown assays. RESULT We found that the expression of BDNF-AS was elevated in the peripheral blood of patients with AD and that increased BDNF-AS expression may be associated with the cognitive status of such patients. The results confirmed that BDNF-AS could promote neurotoxicity in the in vitro model. Then, we uncovered that BDNF-AS promotes the expression of BACE1 through the competitive binding of miR-9-5p, thereby promoting amyloid deposition. Finally, through the Morris water maze, we found that the high expression of BDNF-AS promoted cognitive impairment in AD mice. CONCLUSION The obtained results suggest that BDNF-AS plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of AD. As a new pathogenic gene of AD, BDNF-AS may be used as a therapeutic target or as a prognostic marker in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital (Changshu Hospital affiliated the Xuzhou Medical University), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenkang Luan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanlin Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital (Changshu Hospital affiliated the Xuzhou Medical University), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Medicine, JiangSu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjun Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
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Eldahshan W, Sayed MA, Awad ME, Ahmed HA, Gillis E, Althomali W, Pillai B, Alshammari A, Jackson L, Dong G, Sullivan JC, Cooley MA, Elsalanty M, Ergul A, Fagan SC. Stimulation of angiotensin II receptor 2 preserves cognitive function and is associated with an enhanced cerebral vascular density after stroke. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 141:106904. [PMID: 34481068 PMCID: PMC8612991 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin signaling is known to be sexually dimorphic. Although it is a well-studied target for intervention in stroke and cognitive impairment, female studies are rare. With females suffering a disproportionately greater negative impact of stroke and dementia vs. males, effective interventions are of utmost urgency. The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of activation of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) with the agonist compound 21 (C21) on the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment, after experimental ischemic stroke. Ovariectomized (OVX) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were subjected to 1 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At 24 h, rats with a significant neurologic deficit were randomized to receive either saline or C21 (0.03 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally (IP) for 5 days, then orally (0.12 mg/kg/day) for a total of 6 weeks. Cognitive function, brain structure by MRI and vascular architecture by microCT angiography were measured. C21 preserved cognitive function, specifically spatial memory, and improved vascular density in the ischemic hemisphere at 6 weeks, reflecting both arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. In conclusion, C21 prevented cognitive impairment after stroke, likely through a mechanism involving vascular protection and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Eldahshan
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mohammed A Sayed
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mohamed E Awad
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Heba A Ahmed
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ellen Gillis
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Waleed Althomali
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Bindu Pillai
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Abdulkarim Alshammari
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ladonya Jackson
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Guangkuo Dong
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Marion A Cooley
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Elsalanty
- Department of Medical Anatomical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Medical Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Susan C Fagan
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America.
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15
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Lazarova M, Tancheva L, Alexandrova A, Tsvetanova E, Georgieva A, Stefanova M, Tsekova D, Vezenkov L, Kalfin R, Uzunova D, Petkova-Kirova P. Effects of New Galantamine Derivatives in a Scopolamine Model of Dementia in Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:671-690. [PMID: 34569967 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive functions decline, is a leading cause for dementia and currently ranked as the sixth foremost cause of death. As of present, treatment of AD is symptomatic without convincing therapeutic benefits and new, effective, therapeutic agents are pursued. Due to massive loss of cholinergic neurons and decreased acetylcholine levels, cholinesterase inhibitors like galantamine, remain the backbone of pharmacological treatment of the disease. In the present study, using behavioral and biochemical methods, four newly synthesized galantamine derivatives, Gal 34, Gal 43, Gal 44, and Gal 46, were evaluated for a beneficial effect in a scopolamine model of dementia in mice. They were designed to have all the advantages of galantamine and additionally to inhibit β-secretase and exert favorable effects on plasma lipids. Behavioral tests included step-through inhibitory avoidance, T-maze, and the hole-board test, whereas biochemical evaluations involved assessment of acetylcholinesterase activity, brain monoamines levels, lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities along with measurement of total glutathione. Results show that Gal 43, Gal 44, and, in particular, Gal 46 are especially effective in improving both short- and long-term memory and in the case of Gal 46 having a significant effect on exploratory activity as well. Although Gal 34 did not show behavioral effects as convincing as those of the other three galantamine derivatives, it demonstrated persuasive antioxidant and restorative capacities, making all four galantamine derivatives promising AD treatment agents and prompting further research, especially that in many of our studies they performed better than galantamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lazarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Alexandrova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,National Sports Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Tsvetanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Almira Georgieva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Daniela Tsekova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubomir Vezenkov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diamara Uzunova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Sadeghnia H, Shahba S, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Mohammadi S, Malvandi AM, Mohammadipour A. Atrazine neural and reproductive toxicity. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1966637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Shahba
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Shabnam Mohammadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Mohammadipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Juan-García A, Juan C, Bind MA, Engert F. Study of locomotion response and development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae exposed to enniatin A, enniatin B, and beauvericin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146075. [PMID: 33677298 PMCID: PMC8154722 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by a variety of fungi that contaminate food and feed resources, and are capable of inducing a wide range of toxicity. Here, we studied the developmental and behavioral toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae exposed to three mycotoxins: beauvericin (BEA), Enniatin A (ENN A), and Ennitain B (ENN B). Zebrafish embryos were collected after fertilization, treated individually from 1 to 6 dpf with BEA at 8, 16, 32 and, 64 μM and for both enniatins at 3.12, 6.25, 12.5 and, 25 μM. Mixture of mycotoxins were assayed as follows: i) for BEA + ENN A and BEA + ENN B at [32 + 12.5] μM and [16 + 6.25] μM; ii) for ENN A + ENN B at [12.5 + 12.5] μM and [6.25 + 6.25] μM and, iii) for BEA + ENN A + ENN B at [32 + 12.5 + 12.5] μM and [16 + 6.25 + 6.25] μM. Response was collected after a white light-flash intermittent coming on for 5 s during 2 h with a imaging platform. Outcomes measured were: time to death, response to light, and circadian rhythm. This last outcome was measured in a plate where embryos had evolved in natural intervals of light and dark until day 7 or in a plate maintained in darkness. Images of all stages and evolution were collected. Results indicated that mycotoxins induced toxicity at the concentrations tested. All exposed zebrafish induced developmental defects, specifically hatching time and motion activity. After exposure, fish showed enhanced baseline activity but they lost their responsiveness to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Cristina Juan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Marie-Abèle Bind
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Florian Engert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Lopes da Cunha P, Tintorelli R, Correa J, Budriesi P, Viola H. Behavioral tagging as a mechanism for aversive-memory formation under acute stress. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2651-2665. [PMID: 33914357 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The behavioral tagging (BT) hypothesis postulates that a weak learning experience, which only induces short-term memory, may benefit from another event that provides plasticity-related proteins (PRPs) to establish a long-lasting memory. According to BT, the weak experience sets a transient learning tag at specific activated sites, and its temporal and spatial convergence with the PRPs allows the long-term memory (LTM) formation. In this work, rats were subjected to a weak inhibitory avoidance (IAw) training and we observed that acute stress (elevated platform, EP) experienced 1 hr before IAw promoted IA-LTM formation. This effect was dependent on glucocorticoid-receptor activity as well as protein synthesis in the dorsal hippocampus. However, the same stress has negative effects on IA-LTM formation when training is strong, probably by competing for necessary PRPs. Furthermore, our experiments showed that EP immediately after training did not impair the setting of the learning tag and even facilitated IA-LTM formation. These findings reveal different impacts of a given acute stressful experience on the formation of an aversive memory that could be explained by BT processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lopes da Cunha
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Dr Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Tintorelli
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Dr Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Correa
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Dr Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Budriesi
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Dr Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Haydee Viola
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Dr Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular "Dr. Hector Maldonado" (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Seyedaghamiri F, Farajdokht F, Vatandoust SM, Mahmoudi J, Khabbaz A, Sadigh-Eteghad S. Sericin modulates learning and memory behaviors by tuning of antioxidant, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers in the hippocampus of aged mice. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1371-1382. [PMID: 33523373 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sericin is a protein derived from silkworm cocoons and identified as an anti-aging agent. This study aimed to examine the effects of sericin administration on episodic and avoidance memories, social interaction behavior, and molecular mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the hippocampus of aged mice. Sericin was administered at 250 mg/kg/day (oral gavage) to 2-year-old BALB/c mice for a duration of 21 consecutive days. Lashley III Maze and Shuttle-Box tests were performed to assess episodic and avoidance memories, respectively. Subjects also underwent social interaction test to reveal any changes in their social behavior. Besides, markers of oxidative stress (TAC, SOD, GPx, and MDA) and neuroinflammation mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) were measured in the hippocampus. The extent of apoptosis in the hippocampal tissue was further determined by TUNEL assay and histological assessment. The obtained results suggest that sericin promotes episodic and avoidance memories and social behaviors in aged mice. As of the molecular assay outcomes, it was noted that sericin regulates hippocampal inflammation by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, and by increasing the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Moreover, sericin suppressed oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant markers (TAC, SOD, and GPx) and inhibiting MDA. It was also identified that sericin can substantially suppress the apoptosis in the hippocampal tissue. Overall, sericin modulates memory and sociability behavior by tuning hippocampal antioxidant, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers in the aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Vatandoust
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aytak Khabbaz
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran.
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Wang X, Li Z, Zhu Y, Yan J, Liu H, Huang G, Li W. Maternal folic acid impacts DNA methylation profile in male rat offspring implicated in neurodevelopment and learning/memory abilities. GENES AND NUTRITION 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33430764 PMCID: PMC7802276 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation not only reduces the incidence of neural tube defects, but also improves cognitive performances in offspring. However, the genes or pathways that are epigenetically regulated by FA in neurodevelopment were rarely reported. Methods To elucidate the underlying mechanism, the effect of FA on the methylation profiles in brain tissue of male rat offspring was assessed by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation chip. Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and gene network analysis were identified using DAVID and KEGG pathway analysis. Results Compared with the folate-normal diet group, 1939 DMGs were identified in the folate-deficient diet group, and 1498 DMGs were identified in the folate-supplemented diet group, among which 298 DMGs were overlapped. The pathways associated with neurodevelopment and learning/memory abilities were differentially methylated in response to maternal FA intake during pregnancy, and there were some identical and distinctive potential mechanisms under FA deficiency or FA-supplemented conditions. Conclusions In conclusion, genes and pathways associated with neurodevelopment and learning/memory abilities were differentially methylated in male rat offspring in response to maternal FA deficiency or supplementation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhenshu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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21
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Zarrindast MR, Khakpai F. State-dependent memory and its modulation by different brain areas and neurotransmitters. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1081-1099. [PMID: 33013265 PMCID: PMC7527511 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The state-dependent memory defines as a state that the retrieval of recently obtained information may be potential if the subject exists in a similar physiological situation as for the period of the encoding stage. Studies revealed that exogenous and endogenous compounds could induce state-dependent memory. The state-dependent memory made it probable to differentiate the effects of drugs per se on learning from the effects due to alterations in drug state during the task. Studies proposed the role of regions beyond the limbic formation and illustrated that state-dependent memory produced by various neurotransmitter systems and pharmacological compounds. Our review of the literature revealed that: (a) re-administration of drugs on the same state induce state-dependent memory; (b) many neurotransmitters induce endogenous state-dependent memory; (c) there are cross state-dependent learning and memory between some drugs; (d) some sites of the brain including the CA1 areas of the hippocampus, central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), septum, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAC) are involved in state-dependent memory. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khakpai
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Kadish NE, Riedel C, Stephani U, Wiegand G. Developmental outcomes in children/adolescents and one adult with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and refractory epilepsy treated with everolimus. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 111:107182. [PMID: 32535369 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This prospective observational study focuses on developmental outcomes in the treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) with everolimus (EVO). Fourteen children/adolescents aged 1.7-13.07 and one adult aged 31 years, all with TSC and refractory epilepsy participated. All were treated with EVO for 3-70 months (md: 37). Development/adaptive functioning were evaluated at baseline with follow-up in 11 patients; all patients were assessed during the course of treatment. Our exploratory analyses included factors contributing to developmental impairment and change from baseline to last evaluation. The majority of patients showed severe developmental impairment (86%). Patients with a higher age at inclusion, duration of epilepsy, and number of previous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) showed lower developmental levels. Earlier onset of epilepsy and a higher number of current AEDs were associated with worse adaptive functioning. At their last examination, four patients were seizure-free (27%), and four experienced a reduction of seizures >50% (27%). With treatment, (slight) increase was seen in absolute values of developmental age (DA) regarding both development and adaptive functioning. Yet, when accounting for age, decrease was seen in both assessments. While developmental disorders were prominent, we observed an overall progression at a slower pace. Despite a positive effect on seizure occurrence, treatment with EVO did not reverse developmental problems in the observation period of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navah E Kadish
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus C, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Preußer Straße 1-9, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Christian Riedel
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus D, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Stephani
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus C, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Gert Wiegand
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus C, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Neuropediatrics Section of the Department of Pediatrics, Asklepios Clinic Hamburg Nord-Heidberg, Tangstedter Landstraße 400, 22417 Hamburg, Germany.
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Melick CH, Jewell JL. Regulation of mTORC1 by Upstream Stimuli. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11090989. [PMID: 32854217 PMCID: PMC7565831 DOI: 10.3390/genes11090989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionary conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase that senses multiple upstream stimuli to control cell growth, metabolism, and autophagy. mTOR is the catalytic subunit of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). A significant amount of research has uncovered the signaling pathways regulated by mTORC1, and the involvement of these signaling cascades in human diseases like cancer, diabetes, and ageing. Here, we review advances in mTORC1 regulation by upstream stimuli. We specifically focus on how growth factors, amino acids, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), phosphorylation, and small GTPases regulate mTORC1 activity and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase H. Melick
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jenna L. Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence:
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Modulation of microglial phenotypes improves sepsis-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairments and decreases brain inflammation in an animal model of sepsis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:765-776. [PMID: 32219335 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to modulate microglial phenotypes in vivo, M1 microglia were depleted by administration of gadolinium chloride and the expression of M2 microglia was induced by IL-4 administration in an animal model of sepsis to better characterize the role of microglial phenotypes in sepsis-induced brain dysfunction. METHODS Wistar rats were submitted to sham or cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) and treated with IL-4 or GdCl3. Animals were submitted to behavioral tests 10 days after surgery. In a separated cohort of animals at 24 h, 3 and 10 days after surgery, hippocampus was removed and cytokine levels, M1/M2 markers and CKIP-1 levels were determined. RESULTS Modulation of microglia by IL-4 and GdCl3 was associated with an improvement in long-term cognitive impairment. When treated with IL-4 and GdCl3, the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines was apparent in almost all analyzed time points. Additionally, CD11b and iNOS were increased after CLP at all time points, and both IL-4 and GdCl3 treatments were able to reverse this. There was a significant decrease in CD11b gene expression in the CLP+GdCl3 group. IL-4 treatment was able to decrease iNOS expression after sepsis. Furthermore, there was an increase of CKIP-1 in the hippocampus of GdCl3 and IL-4 treated animals 10 days after CLP induction. CONCLUSIONS GdCl3 and IL-4 are able to manipulate microglial phenotype in an animal models of sepsis, by increasing the polarization toward an M2 phenotype IL-4 and GdCl3 treatment was associated with decreased brain inflammation and functional recovery.
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Lee J, Lunde-Young R, Naik V, Ramirez J, Orzabal M, Ramadoss J. Chronic Binge Alcohol Exposure During Pregnancy Alters mTOR System in Rat Fetal Hippocampus. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1329-1336. [PMID: 32333810 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational alcohol exposure can contribute to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), an array of cognitive, behavioral, and physical developmental impairments. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a key role in regulating protein synthesis in response to neuronal activity, thereby modulating synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation in the brain. Based on our previous quantitative mass spectrometry proteomic studies, we hypothesized that gestational chronic binge alcohol exposure alters mTOR signaling and downstream pathways in the fetal hippocampus. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to either a pair-fed control (PF-Cont) or a binge alcohol (Alcohol) treatment group. Alcohol dams were acclimatized via a once-daily orogastric gavage of 4.5 g/kg alcohol (peak BAC, 216 mg/dl) from GD 5-10 and progressed to 6 g/kg alcohol (peak BAC, 289 mg/dl) from GD 11-21. Pair-fed dams similarly received isocaloric maltose dextrin. RESULTS In the Alcohol group, following this exposure paradigm, fetal body weight and crown-rump length were decreased. The phosphorylation level of mTOR (P-mTOR) in the fetal hippocampus was decreased in the Alcohol group compared with controls. Alcohol exposure resulted in dysregulation of fetal hippocampal mTORC1 signaling, as evidenced by an increase in total 4E-BP1 expression. Phosphorylation levels of 4E-BP1 and p70 S6K were also increased following alcohol exposure. P-mTOR and P-4E-BP1 were exclusively detected in the dentate gyrus and oriens layer of the fetal hippocampus, respectively. DEPTOR and RICTOR expression levels in the fetal hippocampus were increased; however, RAPTOR was not altered by chronic binge alcohol exposure. CONCLUSION We conclude that chronic binge alcohol exposure during pregnancy alters mTORC1 signaling pathway in the fetal hippocampus. We conjecture that this dysregulation of mTOR protein expression, its activity, and downstream proteins may play a critical role in FASD neurobiological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehoon Lee
- From the, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Raine Lunde-Young
- From the, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Vishal Naik
- From the, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Josue Ramirez
- From the, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Marcus Orzabal
- From the, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jayanth Ramadoss
- From the, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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26
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Liu XY, Yao B, Hao JR, Jin L, Gao Y, Yang X, Liu L, Sun XY, Sun N, Gao C. IQGAP1/ERK regulates fear memory formation via histone posttranslational modifications induced by HDAC2. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 171:107210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Guo W, Qiu W, Ao X, Li W, He X, Ao L, Hu X, Li Z, Zhu M, Luo D, Xing W, Xu X. Low-concentration DMSO accelerates skin wound healing by Akt/mTOR-mediated cell proliferation and migration in diabetic mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3327-3341. [PMID: 32167156 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DMSO has been found to promote tissue repair. However, the role of DMSO in diabetic skin wound healing and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of DMSO on wound healing were evaluated by HE staining, immunohistochemistry and collagen staining using a wound model of full-thickness skin resection on the backs of non-diabetic or diabetic mice. Real-time cell analysis and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays were used to study the effect of DMSO on primary fibroblast proliferation. A transwell assay was used to investigate keratinocyte migration. The associated signalling pathway was identified by western blotting and inhibitor blocking. The effect of DMSO on the translation rate of downstream target genes was studied by RT-qPCR of polyribosome mRNA. KEY RESULTS We found that low-concentration DMSO significantly accelerated skin wound closure by promoting fibroblast proliferation in both nondiabetic and diabetic mice. In addition, increased migration of keratinocytes may also contribute to accelerated wound healing, which was stimulated by increased TGF-β1 secretion from fibroblasts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this effect of DMSO depends on Akt/mTOR-mediated translational control and the promotion of the translation of a set of cell proliferation-related genes. As expected, DMSO-induced wound healing and cell proliferation were impaired by rapamycin, an inhibitor of Akt/mTOR signalling. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS DMSO can promote skin wound healing in diabetic mice by activating the Akt/mTOR pathway. Low-concentration DMSO presents an alternative medication for chronic cutaneous wounds, especially for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Luoquan Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Xueting Hu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Donglin Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Barroso-Chinea P, Luis-Ravelo D, Fumagallo-Reading F, Castro-Hernandez J, Salas-Hernandez J, Rodriguez-Nuñez J, Febles-Casquero A, Cruz-Muros I, Afonso-Oramas D, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Moratalla R, Millan MJ, Gonzalez-Hernandez T. DRD3 (dopamine receptor D3) but not DRD2 activates autophagy through MTORC1 inhibition preserving protein synthesis. Autophagy 2019; 16:1279-1295. [PMID: 31538542 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1668606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that autophagy is deficient in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, and that its induction may have beneficial effects in these conditions. However, as autophagy shares signaling pathways with cell death and interferes with protein synthesis, prolonged use of autophagy inducers available nowadays is considered unwise. The search for novel autophagy inducers indicates that DRD2 (dopamine receptor 2)-DRD3 ligands may also activate autophagy, though critical aspects of the action mechanisms and effects of dopamine ligands on autophagy are still unknown. In order to shed light on this issue, DRD2- and DRD3-overexpressing cells and drd2 KO, drd3 KO and wild-type mice were treated with the DRD2-DRD3 agonist pramipexole. The results revealed that pramipexole induces autophagy through MTOR inhibition and a DRD3-dependent but DRD2-independent mechanism. DRD3 activated AMPK followed by inhibitory phosphorylation of RPTOR, MTORC1 and RPS6KB1 inhibition and ULK1 activation. Interestingly, despite RPS6KB1 inhibition, the activity of RPS6 was maintained through activation of the MAPK1/3-RPS6KA pathway, and the activity of MTORC1 kinase target EIF4EBP1 along with protein synthesis and cell viability, were also preserved. This pattern of autophagy through MTORC1 inhibition without suppression of protein synthesis, contrasts with that of direct allosteric and catalytic MTOR inhibitors and opens up new opportunities for G protein-coupled receptor ligands as autophagy inducers in the treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. ABBREVIATIONS AKT/Protein kinase B: thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; BECN1: beclin 1; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; EIF4EBP1/4E-BP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; GPCR; G protein-coupled receptor; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HEK: human embryonic kidney; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP2K/MEK: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; MAPK1/ERK2: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; MAPK3/ERK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; MDA: malonildialdehyde; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PPX: pramipexole; RPTOR/raptor: regulatory associated protein of MTOR, complex 1; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; RPS6KA/p90S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase A; RPS6KB1/p70S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barroso-Chinea
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain
| | - Diego Luis-Ravelo
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain
| | - Felipe Fumagallo-Reading
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain
| | - Javier Castro-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain
| | - Josmar Salas-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain
| | - Julia Rodriguez-Nuñez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alejandro Febles-Casquero
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ignacio Cruz-Muros
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain
| | - Domingo Afonso-Oramas
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro Abreu-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional y de Sistemas. Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, ISCIII , Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark J Millan
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Institut Centre de Recherches Servier , Paris, France
| | - Tomas Gonzalez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna , Tenerife, Spain
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Machado GDB, de Freitas BS, Florian LZ, Monteiro RT, Gus H, Schröder N. G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor stimulation ameliorates iron- and ovariectomy-induced memory impairments through the cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling pathway. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12780. [PMID: 31418949 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron accumulation in the brain has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders, and imaging studies in humans indicate that iron content in brain regions correlates with poor performance in cognitive tasks. In rats, iron overload impairs memory retention in a variety of memory tasks. Although the effects of iron on cognition in rodents are extensively reported, no previous study has been conducted in female rats. The incidence of certain dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease, is higher in women after menopause compared to aged-matched men. The role of oestrogen depletion in memory deficits in menopausal women is still a matter of debate. The present study aimed to characterise the effects of iron overload on memory in female rats by investigating the effects of ovariectomy (OVX, an experimental model of oestrogen depletion) in rats submitted to iron overload, as well as examining the effects of G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) agonism on memory impairments induced by iron and OVX. Female rats received iron (30 mg kg-1 , orally) or vehicle at postnatal days 12-14 and were submitted to OVX in adulthood. Results showed that either iron or OVX impaired memory for object placement and inhibitory avoidance. The selective GPER agonist G1, administered immediately after training, reversed both iron- and OVX-induced memory impairments. G1 effects were abolished by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition, suggesting the involvement of the cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling pathway. The search for novel oestrogen agonists with positive effects on cognition may be promising for the development of treatments for memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Dalto Barroso Machado
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Betânia Souza de Freitas
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Zanetti Florian
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tavares Monteiro
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrique Gus
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nadja Schröder
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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30
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Provensi G, Carta F, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Casamenti F, Passani MB, Fossati S. A New Kid on the Block? Carbonic Anhydrases as Possible New Targets in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4724. [PMID: 31554165 PMCID: PMC6801497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is a consequence of the world's population aging but unfortunately, existing treatments are only effective at delaying some of the symptoms and for a limited time. Despite huge efforts by both academic researchers and pharmaceutical companies, no disease-modifying drugs have been brought to the market in the last decades. Recently, several studies shed light on Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) as possible new targets for AD treatment. In the present review we summarized preclinical and clinical findings regarding the role of CAs and their inhibitors/activators on cognition, aging and neurodegeneration and we discuss future challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Provensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology of Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Casamenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology of Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - M Beatrice Passani
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple (ACT), Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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31
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Bartos M, Gumilar F, Gallegos CE, Bras C, Dominguez S, Cancela LM, Minetti A. Effects of Perinatal Fluoride Exposure on Short- and Long-Term Memory, Brain Antioxidant Status, and Glutamate Metabolism of Young Rat Pups. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:405-414. [PMID: 31220985 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819857558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to fluoride (F) during the development affects central nervous system of the offspring rats which results in the impairment of cognitive functions. However, the exact mechanisms of F neurotoxicity are not clearly defined. To investigate the effects of perinatal F exposure on memory ability of young rat offspring, dams were exposed to 5 and 10 mg/L F during gestation and lactation. Additionally, we evaluated the possible underlying neurotoxic mechanisms implicated. The results showed that the memory ability declined in 45-day-old offspring, together with a decrease of catalase and glutamate transaminases activity in specific brain areas. The present study reveals that exposure to F in early stages of rat development leads to impairment of memory in young offspring, highlighting the alterations of oxidative stress markers as well as the activity of enzymes involved in the glutamatergic system as a possible mechanisms of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bartos
- Toxicology Lab. INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Gumilar
- Toxicology Lab. INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina E Gallegos
- Toxicology Lab. INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Bras
- Toxicology Lab. INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Dominguez
- Toxicology Lab. INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Cancela
- IFEC, Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Minetti
- Toxicology Lab. INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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32
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Nardiello P, Pantano D, Lapucci A, Stefani M, Casamenti F. Diet Supplementation with Hydroxytyrosol Ameliorates Brain Pathology and Restores Cognitive Functions in a Mouse Model of Amyloid-β Deposition. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:1161-1172. [PMID: 29710709 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia affecting a large proportion of aged people. Plant polyphenols have been reported to be potentially useful in the prevention of AD due to their multiple pharmacological activities. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the previously reported neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects resulting from oleuropein aglycone administration were reproduced by diet supplementation with similar amounts of its metabolite hydoxytyrosol (HT). Four-month-old TgCRND8 and wild type mice were treated for 8 weeks with a low-fat diet (5%) supplemented with HT (50 mg/kg of diet). We found that HT supplementation significantly improved cognitive functions of TgCRND8 mice and significantly reduced Aβ42 and pE3-Aβ plaque area and number in the cortex; in the hippocampal areas of HT-fed TgCRND8 mice, we found a significant reduction in the pE3-Aβ plaque number together with a tendency toward a reduction in Aβ42 load and pE3-Aβ plaque area, associated with a marked reduction of TNF-α expression and astrocyte reaction. Macroautophagy induction and modulation of MAPKs signaling were found to underlie the beneficial effects of HT. Our findings indicate that HT administration reproduces substantially the beneficial effects on behavioral performance and neuropathology previously reported in TgCRND8 mice fed with oleuropein aglycone, resulting in comparable neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Nardiello
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Pantano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiorella Casamenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairments in Mice by Improving Cholinergic Transmission via Activation of CREB/NGF Signaling. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061205. [PMID: 31141948 PMCID: PMC6627942 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of an Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla (EGFO) ethanol extract in mice with scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction. Fifty male mice were randomly divided into a normal control group, a scopolamine-treated group, a scopolamine and EGFO extract-treated group, and a scopolamine and tacrine-treated group. EGFO (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) was received for 21 days. Step-through passive avoidance and Y-maze tests were performed to examine the effects of treatment on learning and memory impairments. Acetylcholine (Ach) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity were measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), nerve growth factor (NGF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and apoptosis-related protein expression were determined via Western blot analysis. EGFO pretreatment significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairments, relative to findings observed in the scopolamine-treated group. Levels of cholinergic factors in the brain tissues were markedly attenuated in the scopolamine-treated group. EGFO treatment also attenuated neural apoptosis in scopolamine-treated mice by decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bax, Bcl2, cleaved caspase-3, and TUNEL staining. These results suggest that EGFO improves memory and cognition in a mouse model of memory impairment by restoring cholinergic and anti-apoptotic activity, possibly via activation of CREB/NGF signaling.
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Mans RA, Hinton KD, Payne CH, Powers GE, Scheuermann NL, Saint-Jean M. Cholinergic Stimulation of the Adult Zebrafish Brain Induces Phosphorylation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 β and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in the Telencephalon. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:91. [PMID: 31040768 PMCID: PMC6476920 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequencing of the zebrafish genome, the emergence of powerful gene-editing tools, and the development of in vivo imaging techniques have propelled the economical zebrafish into prominence as a biomedical research model. Neurodegenerative disorders with a cholinergic component, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, are currently modeled using zebrafish. Still, the utility of zebrafish as a research model will not be fully realized until their neurophysiological properties are thoroughly characterized. In mammals, the coupling of cholinergic receptors to the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is of critical importance to cognitive processes and imparts protection against neuropathogenic events. Similarly, it is known that cholinergic receptors are required for learning and memory in zebrafish and that in vivo activation of cholinergic receptors induces transient changes in evoked synaptic transmission in the telencephalon. However, the intracellular events mediating cholinergic processes in zebrafish have yet to be elucidated. In the current study, an ex vivo drug treatment assay was used to demonstrate that carbachol (CCh)-mediated cholinergic stimulation of the intact adult zebrafish brain induces phosphorylation of GSK3β and ERK1/2 in the zebrafish telencephalon. These findings suggest GSK3β and ERK1/2 may underly cognitive processes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Mans
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, United States
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35
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Mucellini AB, Laureano DP, Silveira PP, Sanvitto GL. Maternal and post-natal obesity alters long-term memory and hippocampal molecular signaling of male rat. Brain Res 2019; 1708:138-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Monsef A, Shahidi S, Komaki A. Influence of Chronic Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Learning, and Memory in Healthy and Diabetic Middle-Aged Rats. Neuropsychobiology 2019; 77:92-100. [PMID: 30580330 DOI: 10.1159/000495520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus can induce impairment in learning and memory. Cognitive and memory deficits are common in older adults and especially in those with diabetes. This is mainly because of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and vascular abnormalities. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) can decrease oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and inflammatory markers, and improve vascular function. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of CoQ10 on cognitive function, learning, and memory in middle-aged healthy and diabetic rats. Adult middle-aged male Wistar rats (390-460 g, 12-13 months old) were divided into 6 experimental groups. Diabetes was induced by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). CoQ10 (20 or 120 mg/kg, orally by gavage) was administered for 45 days. The cognitive function and learning memory of rats were evaluated using novel object recognition (NOR) and passive avoidance tests. The discrimination index of the NOR test in the diabetic groups receiving CoQ10 (20 or 120 mg/kg) and the healthy group receiving CoQ10 (120 mg/kg) was significantly higher than that in the control group. In addition, the step through latency was significantly longer and the time spent in the dark compartment was significantly shorter in the diabetic groups receiving CoQ10 than in the control group. CoQ10 supplementation can improve learning and memory deficits induced by diabetes in older subjects. In addition, CoQ10 at higher doses can improve cognitive performance in older healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Monsef
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Akintunde J, Farouk A, Mogbojuri O. Metabolic treatment of syndrome linked with Parkinson's disease and hypothalamus pituitary gonadal hormones by turmeric curcumin in Bisphenol-A induced neuro-testicular dysfunction of wistar rat. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 17:97-107. [PMID: 30582014 PMCID: PMC6296165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic shift in cholinesterase activity and inhibitor of hypothalamus pituitary gonadal hormones were hypothesized as resultant effect of Parkinson's disease (PD) which is clinically characterized by a movement disorder. This study therefore examined the effect of turmeric curcumin (CUR) on index of PD, acetylcholine esterase activity and disorder of hypothalamus pituitary gonadal hormone (HPGH) in Bisphenol-A induced injury using animal model. Forty adult male albino rats were randomly distributed into five (n = 8) groups. Group I: vehicle control (olive oil 0.5 ml), Group II was given 50 mg/kg of BPA only, Group III was given 50 mg/kg BPA + 50 mg/kg curcumin, Group IV was given 50 mg/kg BPA + 100 mg/kg curcumin and Group V was administered 50 mg/kg of curcumin only for 14 days. The study examined the effect of curcumin on acetylcholineesterase (AChE) activity, nitric oxide radical (NO•) production, HPGH (LH, FSH and testosterone), MDA level, antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), in BPA induced male rat. Sperm parameters were similarly examined. The animals induced with BPA exhibited impairment to striatum, leydig cells and sertoli cells by depleting LH, FSH, testosterone and spermatozoa with reduced AChE activity and significant (p < 0.05) alteration in cerebral enzymatic antioxidants. Locomotive activity was impeded followed by the increase of brain NO• level (marker of pro-inflammation). Therapeutically, CUR promoted hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular hormones via modulation of AChE and locomotive activities, reduction of intracellular NO• level, prevention of striatum-endocrine injury as well as oxidative damage. Hence, CUR abolished HPGH dysfunction linked with PD mediated by BPA in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.K. Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- Toxicology and Safety Unit, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A.A. Farouk
- Toxicology and Safety Unit, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O. Mogbojuri
- Toxicology and Safety Unit, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ethanol-induced cognitive dysfunction is associated with alterations in the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway in the hippocampus of male mice. Neuroreport 2019; 29:1230-1237. [PMID: 30063559 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of acute excessive administration of ethanol on the expression of proteins related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in the mouse hippocampus and to reveal the possible molecular mechanism of learning and memory deficits induced by ethanol. A total of 120 8-week-old Kunming mice (half male and half female) were randomly assigned into low-dose, moderate-dose, and high-dose male and female groups with intragastric administration of 12.5, 25 and 50% ethanol, respectively, at the dosage of 0.1 ml/10 g·day for 14 days. The male and female control groups received an equal volume of distilled water. Then, the spatial learning and memory of the mice were evaluated by the Morris water maze task. The expression of p-mTOR, p-Akt, mTOR and Akt proteins was tested by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining methods in the hippocampal formation in each group, and haematoxylin-eosin stain was used to identify morphological changes in the hippocampal region. Our results indicated that 25 and 50% ethanol administration led to cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal pyramidal cell impairment in the female and male mice, with the male mice showing more severe impairment. In the 50% ethanol group, the male mice exhibited low expression levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR, but the female mice had no significant differences compared with the respective control group. Interestingly, the male expression levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR were significantly lower than those of females. Overall, these findings suggested that the cognitive deficits induced by ethanol are more serious in male mice than in female mice, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in the hippocampus might be involved in the impairment process.
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39
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Mans RA, Hinton KD, Payne CH, Powers GE, Scheuermann NL, Saint-Jean M. Cholinergic Stimulation of the Adult Zebrafish Brain Induces Phosphorylation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 β and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in the Telencephalon. Front Mol Neurosci 2019. [PMID: 31040768 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00091.ecollection2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequencing of the zebrafish genome, the emergence of powerful gene-editing tools, and the development of in vivo imaging techniques have propelled the economical zebrafish into prominence as a biomedical research model. Neurodegenerative disorders with a cholinergic component, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, are currently modeled using zebrafish. Still, the utility of zebrafish as a research model will not be fully realized until their neurophysiological properties are thoroughly characterized. In mammals, the coupling of cholinergic receptors to the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is of critical importance to cognitive processes and imparts protection against neuropathogenic events. Similarly, it is known that cholinergic receptors are required for learning and memory in zebrafish and that in vivo activation of cholinergic receptors induces transient changes in evoked synaptic transmission in the telencephalon. However, the intracellular events mediating cholinergic processes in zebrafish have yet to be elucidated. In the current study, an ex vivo drug treatment assay was used to demonstrate that carbachol (CCh)-mediated cholinergic stimulation of the intact adult zebrafish brain induces phosphorylation of GSK3β and ERK1/2 in the zebrafish telencephalon. These findings suggest GSK3β and ERK1/2 may underly cognitive processes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mans
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Kyle D Hinton
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Cicely H Payne
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Grace E Powers
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Nicole L Scheuermann
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Michael Saint-Jean
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, United States
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40
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Ugolini F, Lana D, Nardiello P, Nosi D, Pantano D, Casamenti F, Giovannini MG. Different Patterns of Neurodegeneration and Glia Activation in CA1 and CA3 Hippocampal Regions of TgCRND8 Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:372. [PMID: 30483118 PMCID: PMC6243135 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the different patterns of neurodegeneration and glia activation in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas of TgCRND8 mice. The main feature of this transgenic model is the rapid development of the amyloid pathology, which starts already at 3 months of age. We performed immunohistochemical analyses to compare the different sensibility of the two hippocampal regions to neurodegeneration. We performed qualitative and quantitative evaluations by fluorescence immunohistochemistry with double or triple staining, followed by confocal microscopy and digital image analysis in stratum pyramidale (SP) and stratum radiatum (SR) of CA1 and CA3, separately. We evaluated time-dependent Aβ plaques deposition, expression of inflammatory markers, as well as quantitative and morphological alterations of neurons and glia in transgenic mice at 3 (Tg 3M) and 6 (Tg 6M) months of age, compared to WT mice. In CA1 SR of Tg 6M mice, we found significantly more Medium and Large plaques than in CA3. The pattern of neurodegeneration and astrocytes activation was different in the two areas, indicating higher sensitivity of CA1. In the CA1 SP of Tg 6M mice, we found signs of reactive astrogliosis, such as increase of astrocytes density in SP, increase of GFAP expression in SR, and elongation of astrocytes branches. We found also common patterns of glia activation and neurodegenerative processes in CA1 and CA3 of Tg 6M mice: significant increase of total and reactive microglia density in SP and SR, increased expression of TNFα, of iNOS, and IL1β in astrocytes and increased density of neurons-astrocytes-microglia triads. In CA1 SP, we found decrease of volume and number of pyramidal neurons, paralleled by increase of apoptosis, and, consequently, shrinkage of CA1 SP. These data demonstrate that in TgCRND8 mice, the responses of neurons and glia to neurodegenerative patterns induced by Aβ plaques deposition is not uniform in the two hippocampal areas, and in CA1 pyramidal neurons, the higher sensitivity may be related to the different plaque distribution in this area. All these modifications may be at the basis of memory loss, the peculiar symptom of AD, which was demonstrated in this transgenic mouse model of Aβ deposition, even at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ugolini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pamela Nardiello
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Pantano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiorella Casamenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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41
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Medina JH, Viola H. ERK1/2: A Key Cellular Component for the Formation, Retrieval, Reconsolidation and Persistence of Memory. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:361. [PMID: 30344477 PMCID: PMC6182090 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) has been strongly implicated in several cellular processes. In the brain ERK1/2 activity has been primarily involved in long-term memory (LTM) formation and expression. Here, we review earlier evidence and describe recent developments of ERK1/2 signaling in memory processing focusing the attention on the role of ERK1/2 in memory retrieval and reconsolidation, and in the maintenance of the memory trace including mechanisms involving the protection of labile memories. In addition, relearning requires ERK1/2 activity in selected brain regions. Its involvement in distinct memory stages points at ERK1/2 as a core element in memory processing and as one likely target to treat memory impairments associated with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge H Medina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN) "Dr Eduardo De Robertis", CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Haydee Viola
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN) "Dr Eduardo De Robertis", CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular "Dr. Hector Maldonado" (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Coppi E, Lana D, Cherchi F, Fusco I, Buonvicino D, Urru M, Ranieri G, Muzzi M, Iovino L, Giovannini MG, Pugliese AM, Chiarugi A. Dexpramipexole enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory in the rat. Neuropharmacology 2018; 143:306-316. [PMID: 30291939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Even though pharmacological approaches able to counteract age-dependent cognitive impairment have been highly investigated, drugs improving cognition and memory are still an unmet need. It has been hypothesized that sustaining energy dynamics within the aged hippocampus can boost memory storage by sustaining synaptic functioning and long term potentiation (LTP). Dexpramipexole (DEX) is the first-in-class compound able to sustain neuronal bioenergetics by interacting with mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase. In the present study, for the first time we evaluated the effects of DEX on synaptic fatigue, LTP induction, learning and memory retention. We report that DEX improved LTP maintenance in CA1 neurons of acute hippocampal slices from aged but not young rats. However, we found no evidence that DEX counteracted two classic parameters of synaptic fatigue such as fEPSP reduction or the train area during the high frequency stimulation adopted to induce LTP. Interestingly, patch-clamp recordings in rat hippocampal neurons revealed that DEX dose-dependently inhibited (IC50 814 nM) the IA current, a rapidly-inactivating K+ current that negatively regulates neuronal excitability as well as cognition and memory processes. In keeping with this, DEX counteracted both scopolamine-induced spatial memory loss in rats challenged in Morris Water Maze test and memory retention in rats undergoing Novel Object Recognition. Overall, the present study discloses the ability of DEX to boost hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. In light of the good safety profile of DEX in humans, our findings may have a realistic translational potential to treatment of cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Fusco
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Urru
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Muzzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Ludovica Iovino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
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43
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Bartos M, Gumilar F, Gallegos CE, Bras C, Dominguez S, Mónaco N, Esandi MDC, Bouzat C, Cancela LM, Minetti A. Alterations in the memory of rat offspring exposed to low levels of fluoride during gestation and lactation: Involvement of the α7 nicotinic receptor and oxidative stress. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81:108-114. [PMID: 30009953 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Daily exposure to fluoride (F) depends mainly on the intake of this element with drinking water. When administered during gestation and lactation, F has been associated with cognitive deficits in the offspring. However, the mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of F remain obscure. In the current study, we investigated the effects of oral exposure to low levels of F during the gestational and lactation periods, on the memory of adult female rat offspring. We also considered a possible underlying neurotoxic mechanism. Our results showed that this exposure reduced step-down latency in the inhibitory avoidance task, and decreased both mRNA expression of the α7 nicotinic receptor (nAChR) and catalase activity in hippocampus. Our data indicates that low F concentrations administrated during gestation and lactation decrease the memory of 90-day-old female offspring. This suggests that the mechanism might be connected with an α7 nAChR deficit in the hippocampus, induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bartos
- Toxicology Laboratory, INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fernanda Gumilar
- Toxicology Laboratory, INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina E Gallegos
- Toxicology Laboratory, INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Bras
- Toxicology Laboratory, INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Dominguez
- Toxicology Laboratory, INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nina Mónaco
- Toxicology Laboratory, INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Esandi
- INIBIBB, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Bouzat
- INIBIBB, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Cancela
- IFEC, Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CONICET, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Minetti
- Toxicology Laboratory, INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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44
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Reid SNS, Ryu JK, Kim Y, Jeon BH. GABA-enriched fermented Laminaria japonica improves cognitive impairment and neuroplasticity in scopolamine- and ethanol-induced dementia model mice. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:199-207. [PMID: 29854325 PMCID: PMC5974065 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Fermented Laminaria japonica (FL), a type sea tangle used as a functional food ingredient, has been reported to possess cognitive improving properties that may aid in the treatment of common neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia. MATERIALS/METHODS We examined the effects of FL on scopolamine (Sco)- and ethanol (EtOH)-induced hippocampus-dependent memory impairment, using the Passive avoidance (PA) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. To examine the underlying mechanisms associated with neuroprotective effects, we analyzed acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, brain tissue expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and immunohistochemical analysis, in the hippocampus of mice, compared to current drug therapy intervention. Biochemical blood analysis was carried out to determine the effects of FL on alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. 7 groups (n = 10) consisted of a control (CON), 3 Sco-induced dementia and 3 EtOH-induced dementia groups, with both dementia group types containing an untreated group (Sco and EtOH); a positive control, orally administered donepezil (Dpz) (4mg/kg) (Sco + Dpz and EtOH + Dpz); and an FL (50 mg/kg) treatment group (Sco + FL50 and EtOH + FL50), orally administered over the 4-week experimental period. RESULTS FL50 significantly reduced EtOH-induced increase in AST and ALT levels. FL50 treatment reduced EtOH-impaired step-through latency time in the PA test, and Sco- and EtOH-induced dementia escape latency times in the MWM test. Moreover, anticholinergic effects of Sco and EtOH on the brain were reversed by FL50, through the attenuation of AChE activity and elevation of ACh concentration. FL50 elevated ERK1/2 protein expression and increased p-CREB (ser133) in hippocampus brain tissue, according to Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis, respectively. CONCLUSION Overall, these results suggest that FL may be considered an efficacious intervention for Sco- and EtOH-induced dementia, in terms of reversing cognitive impairment and neuroplastic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Storm N S Reid
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sports and Health, Kyungsung University, 309, Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Je-Kwang Ryu
- Institute for Cognitive Science, College of Humanities, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yunsook Kim
- Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Marine Bioprocess Co., Ltd., Busan 46048, Korea
| | - Byeong Hwan Jeon
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sports and Health, Kyungsung University, 309, Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48434, Korea
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45
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Berté TE, Dalmagro AP, Zimath PL, Gonçalves AE, Meyre-Silva C, Bürger C, Weber CJ, Dos Santos DA, Cechinel-Filho V, de Souza MM. Taraxerol as a possible therapeutic agent on memory impairments and Alzheimer's disease: Effects against scopolamine and streptozotocin-induced cognitive dysfunctions. Steroids 2018; 132:5-11. [PMID: 29355563 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive impairment and cholinergic neuronal death, characteristic of the effect of time on biochemical neuronal function. The use of medicinal plants as an alternative form of prevention, or even as a possible treatment of AD, is therefore interesting areas of research, since the standard drugs have many side effects. Taraxerol (TRX) is a triterpene that has been isolated from several plant species, and its various pharmacological properties have already been identified, such the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity in vitro. There is a lack of information in literature that confirms the effect of TRX in an animal AD-like model. Seeking to fill this gap in the literature, in the present work we assessed the effect of TRX on AChE activity in the animals' encephalon and hippocampus. We also investigated the effect of TRX (1.77 µM/side, 0.5 μL) isolated from leaves of Eugenia umbelliflora Berg. on aversive memory impairments induced by scopolamine (2 µg/side, 0.5 µL) infused into rat hippocampus, and the effect of TRX (0.89 and 1.77 µM/side, 0.5 μL) on aversive memory impairments induced by streptozotocin (STZ) (2.5 mg/mL, 2.0 µL) infused i.c.v. into mice, using the step-down inhibitory avoidance task. We found that TRX significantly inhibited AChE activity in the animal's hippocampus. Furthermore, TRX significantly improved scopolamine and STZ-induced memory impairment. Taking together, these results confirms its AChE activity inhibition in animals and indicate that TRX has anti-amnesic activity that may hold significant therapeutic value in alleviating certain memory impairments observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Elisa Berté
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dalmagro
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Laiz Zimath
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Gonçalves
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Christiane Meyre-Silva
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristiani Bürger
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla J Weber
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Diogo Adolfo Dos Santos
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Márcia M de Souza
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Braidy N, Essa MM, Poljak A, Selvaraju S, Al-Adawi S, Manivasagm T, Thenmozhi AJ, Ooi L, Sachdev P, Guillemin GJ. Consumption of pomegranates improves synaptic function in a transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64589-64604. [PMID: 27486879 PMCID: PMC5323101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular plaques containing abnormal Amyloid Beta (Aβ) aggregates, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein, microglia-dominated neuroinflammation, and impairments in synaptic plasticity underlying cognitive deficits. Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD are currently limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of 4% pomegranate extract to a standard chow diet on neuroinflammation, and synaptic plasticity in APPsw/Tg2576 mice brain. Treatment with a custom mixed diet (pellets) containing 4% pomegranate for 15 months ameliorated the loss of synaptic structure proteins, namely PSD-95, Munc18-1, and SNAP25, synaptophysin, phosphorylation of Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase IIα (p-CaMKIIα/ CaMKIIα), and phosphorylation of Cyclic AMP-Response Element Binding Protein (pCREB/CREB), inhibited neuroinflammatory activity, and enhanced autophagy, and activation of the phophoinositide-3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. These neuroprotective effects were associated with reduced β-site cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein in APPsw/Tg2576 mice. Therefore, long-term supplementation with pomegranates can attenuate AD pathology by reducing inflammation, and altering APP-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman.,Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - Subash Selvaraju
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman.,Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | | | | | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
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47
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Ejsmond MJ, Provenza FD. Is doping of cognitive performance an anti-herbivore adaptation? Alkaloids inhibiting acetylcholinesterase as a case. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J. Ejsmond
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; ul. Gronostajowa 7 Kraków 30-387 Poland
- Department of Arctic Biology; The University Centre in Svalbard; Longyearbyen N-9171 Norway
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48
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Jafari-Sabet M, Mofidi H, Attarian-Khosroshahi MS. NMDA receptors in the dorsal hippocampal area are involved in tramadol state-dependent memory of passive avoidance learning in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:45-50. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The precise neurobiological mechanisms of tramadol abuse underlying the cognitive function are still unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible effects of intra-CA1 injections of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), a glutamate NMDA receptor (NMDAR) agonist, and d,l-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (DL-AP5), a competitive NMDAR antagonist, on tramadol state-dependent memory. A single-trial step-down passive avoidance task was used for the assessment of memory retrieval in adult male NMRI mice. Post-training i.p. administration of an atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist, tramadol (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), dose-dependently induced impairment of memory retention. Pre-test injection of tramadol (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) induced state-dependent retrieval of the memory acquired under post-training administration of tramadol (5 mg/kg) influence. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of NMDA (10−5 and 10−4 μg/mouse) 5 min before the administration of tramadol (5 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently inhibited tramadol state-dependent memory. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of DL-AP5 (0.25 and 0.5 μg/mouse) reversed the memory impairment induced by post-training administration of tramadol (5 mg/kg). Pre-test administration of DL-AP5 (0.25 and 0.5 μg/mouse) with an ineffective dose of tramadol (1.25 mg/kg) restored the retrieval and induced tramadol state-dependent memory. It can be concluded that dorsal hippocampal NMDAR mechanisms play an important role in the modulation of tramadol state-dependent memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jafari-Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mofidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Sadegh Attarian-Khosroshahi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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49
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Scopolamine-induced passive avoidance memory retrieval deficit is accompanied with hippocampal MMP2, MMP-9 and MAPKs alteration. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 819:248-253. [PMID: 29225190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive deficit. The observed amnesia in the early stages of AD is suggested to be a retrieval problem, rather than encoding and consolidation deficit. According to the cholinergic hypothesis of AD, scopolamine is used to induce an animal model of amnesia. Howbeit the effect of scopolamine on memory retrieval is contradictory. This study aimed to assess the effect of scopolamine on passive avoidance memory retrieval. Additionally according to the reported changes of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MAPKs (ERK, P38 and JNK) in AD pathology the hippocampal contents of these proteins were determined. Male NMRI mice weighing 20-25g were trained in passive avoidance apparatus. The drug or its vehicle was injected 24h after training (30min before retention test). The hippocampal tissue was isolated and western blot analysis was done for MMP-2, MMP-9 and MAPKs (ERK, P38 and JNK). The results indicated that scopolamine (1mg/kg) disrupts passive avoidance memory retrieval. This scopolamine treatment resulted in hippocampal MMP-2 and MMP-9 decline while increased MAPKs in the hippocampus. These results suggest that cholinergic system has an important role in learnt memory retrieval. It might also suggest the positive role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in this phase of memory while propose that MAPKs affect negatively the reactivation of memory which is compatible with MAPKs activation in AD.
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50
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Morelli A, Sarchielli E, Guarnieri G, Coppi E, Pantano D, Comeglio P, Nardiello P, Pugliese AM, Ballerini L, Matucci R, Ambrosini S, Castronovo G, Valente R, Mazzanti B, Bucciantini S, Maggi M, Casamenti F, Gallina P, Vannelli GB. Young Human Cholinergic Neurons Respond to Physiological Regulators and Improve Cognitive Symptoms in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:339. [PMID: 29163051 PMCID: PMC5666298 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) in the basal forebrain (BF) is associated to the cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. To date no resolutive therapies exist. Cell-based replacement therapy is a strategy currently under consideration, although the mechanisms underlying the generation of stem cell-derived NBM cholinergic neurons able of functional integration remain to be clarified. Since fetal brain is an optimal source of neuronal cells committed towards a specific phenotype, this study is aimed at isolating cholinergic neurons from the human fetal NBM (hfNBMs) in order to study their phenotypic, maturational and functional properties. Extensive characterization confirmed the cholinergic identity of hfNBMs, including positivity for specific markers (such as choline acetyltransferase) and acetylcholine (Ach) release. Electrophysiological measurements provided the functional validation of hfNBM cells, which exhibited the activation of peculiar sodium (INa) and potassium (IK) currents, as well as the presence of functional cholinergic receptors. Accordingly, hfNBMs express both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, which were activated by Ach. The hfNBMs cholinergic phenotype was regulated by the nerve growth factor (NGF), through the activation of the high-affinity NGF receptor TrkA, as well as by 17-β-estradiol through a peculiar recruitment of its own receptors. When intravenously administered in NBM-lesioned rats, hfNBMs determined a significant improvement in memory functions. Histological examination of brain sections showed that hfNBMs (labeled with PKH26 fluorescent dye prior to administration) reached the damaged brain areas. The study provides a useful model to study the ontogenetic mechanisms regulating the development and maintenance of the human brain cholinergic system and to assess new lines of research, including disease modeling, drug discovery and cell-based therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Morelli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarnieri
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Pantano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Comeglio
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pamela Nardiello
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna M Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lara Ballerini
- Cell Therapy and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosanna Matucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Ambrosini
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castronovo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Clinical Physiopathology, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosa Valente
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzanti
- Cell Therapy and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiorella Casamenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallina
- Neurosurgery School of Tuscany, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella B Vannelli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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