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Cao H, Zhou N, Liang Y, Li Q, Yu Q, Bao T. Early Risk of Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Preschoolers' Hot and Cool Inhibitory Control: Promotive and Protective Roles of Maternal Positivity in Early Mother-child Interaction. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:50-63. [PMID: 35939179 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Early tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) in utero and/or during the first years after birth poses threats to the development of child executive functioning and self-regulation skills, including inhibitory control. Efforts are still needed to examine under what conditions such effects may occur and thus identify modifiable intervention targets. In addition, a distinction between cool and hot inhibitory control is also important to obtain greater nuance in such links. The cool inhibitory control refers to children's suppression of prepotent automatic responses to a distracting stimulus in solving arbitrary and decontextualized problems, whereas the hot inhibitory control refers to children's control of impulse in motivationally and emotionally high-stake situations. Using data derived from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we examined the links between early risk of TSE and preschoolers' hot and cool inhibitory control and tested the potential promotive/protective roles of maternal positivity in early mother-child interactions. Results indicate that early risk of TSE was negatively linked to child cool inhibitory control when maternal positivity was low, but this link was nonsignificant when maternal positivity was high (i.e., the protective role of maternal positivity). The link between early risk of TSE and child later hot inhibitory control was not moderated by maternal positivity; instead, early risk of TSE and maternal positivity were negatively and positively associated with child hot inhibitory control above and beyond each other, respectively (i.e., the promotive role of maternal positivity). Accordingly, building a tobacco-free environment during pregnancy and infancy likely yields long-term benefits for child self-regulation development. Improving early mothering may offset the negative link between early TSE and child cool inhibitory control and also facilitate child hot inhibitory control even in the face of early TSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Cao
- Applied Psychology Program, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, E33 Building, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Yue Liang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Hai Dian District, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qi Li
- Faculty of Education, Institute of Early Childhood Education, Beijing Normal University, Hai Dian District, 512 Ying Dong Building, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qianwen Yu
- Faculty of Education, Institute of Early Childhood Education, Beijing Normal University, Hai Dian District, 512 Ying Dong Building, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Faculty of Education, Institute of Early Childhood Education, Beijing Normal University, Hai Dian District, 512 Ying Dong Building, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
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Massey SH, Allen NB, Pool LR, Miller ES, Pouppirt NR, Barch DM, Luby J, Perlman SB, Rogers CE, Smyser CD, Wakschlag LS. Impact of prenatal exposure characterization on early risk detection: Methodologic insights for the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) study. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 88:107035. [PMID: 34606910 PMCID: PMC8578417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major challenge in prenatal drug exposure research concerns the balance of measurement quality with sample sizes necessary to address confounders. To inform the selection of optimal exposure measures for the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, we employed integrated analysis to determine how different methods used to characterize prenatal tobacco exposure influence the detection of exposure-related risk, as reflected in normal variations in birth weight. METHODS Participants were N = 2323 mother-infant dyads derived from 7 independent developmental cohorts harmonized on measures of exposure, outcome (birthweight), and covariates. We compared estimates of PTE-related effects on birthweight derived from linear regression models when PTE was categorized dichotomously based on any fetal exposure (30% exposed; 69% not exposed); versus categorically, based on common patterns of maternal smoking during pregnancy (never smoked 69%; quit smoking 16%; smoked intermittently 2%; smoked persistently 13%). We secondarily explored sex differences in PTE-birthweight associations across these categorization methods. RESULTS When PTE was categorized dichotomously, exposure was associated with a - 125-g difference in birthweight (95% C.I. -173.7 - -76.6, p < .0001). When PTE was characterized categorically based on maternal smoking patterns, however, exposure was associated with either no difference in birthweight if mothers quit smoking by the end of the first trimester (B = -30.6, 95% C.I. -88.7-27.4, p = .30); or a - 221.8 g difference in birthweight if mothers did not [95% C.I. (-161.7 to -282.0); p < .001]. Qualitative sex differences were also detected though PTE x sex interactions did not reach statistical significance. Maternal smoking cessation during pregnancy was associated with a 239.3 g increase in birthweight for male infants, and a 114.0 g increase in birthweight for females infants (p = .07). CONCLUSIONS Categorization of PTE based on patterns of maternal smoking rather than the presence or absence of exposure alone revealed striking nuances in estimates of exposure-related risk. The described method that captures both between-individual and within-individual variability in prenatal drug exposure is optimal and recommended for future developmental investigations such as the HBCD Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suena H Massey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 2100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19(th) floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Norrina B Allen
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19(th) floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 North Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Lindsay R Pool
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19(th) floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 North Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Emily S Miller
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19(th) floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 250 East Superior Street, Room 05-2175, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Nicole R Pouppirt
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19(th) floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 45, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, Box 1125, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Joan Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Box 8511, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Susan B Perlman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America.
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Box 8511, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Chris D Smyser
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Avenue, Suite 2100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19(th) floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Morris AS, Wakschlag L, Krogh-Jespersen S, Fox N, Planalp B, Perlman SB, Shuffrey LC, Smith B, Lorenzo NE, Amso D, Coles CD, Johnson SP. Principles for Guiding the Selection of Early Childhood Neurodevelopmental Risk and Resilience Measures: HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study as an Exemplar. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2020; 1:247-267. [PMID: 33196052 PMCID: PMC7649097 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-020-00025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vast individual differences in the developmental origins of risk and resilience pathways combined with sophisticated capabilities of big data science increasingly point to the imperative of large, neurodevelopmental consortia to capture population heterogeneity and key variations in developmental trajectories. At the same time, such large-scale population-based designs involving multiple independent sites also must weigh competing demands. For example, the need for efficient, scalable assessment strategies must be balanced with the need for nuanced, developmentally sensitive phenotyping optimized for linkage to neural mechanisms and specification of common and distinct exposure pathways. Standardized epidemiologic batteries designed for this purpose such as PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox provide excellent "off the shelf" assessment tools that are well-validated and enable cross-study comparability. However, these standardized toolkits can also constrain ability to leverage advances in neurodevelopmental measurement over time, at times disproportionately advantaging established measures. In addition, individual consortia often expend exhaustive effort "reinventing the wheel," which is inefficient and fails to fully maximize potential synergies with other like initiatives. To address these issues, this paper lays forth an early childhood neurodevelopmental assessment strategy, guided by a set of principles synthesizing developmental and pragmatic considerations generated by the Neurodevelopmental Workgroup of the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Planning Consortium. These principles emphasize characterization of both risk- and resilience-promoting processes. Specific measurement recommendations to HBCD are provided to illustrate application. However, principles are intended as a guiding framework to transcend any particular initiative as a broad neurodevelopmentally informed, early childhood assessment strategy for large-scale consortia science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sheffield Morris
- Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, 700 North Greenwood Ave, Tulsa, OK 74106 USA
| | - Lauren Wakschlag
- Department of Medical and Social Sciences, & Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Sheila Krogh-Jespersen
- Department of Medical and Social Sciences, & Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Nathan Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Beth Planalp
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Susan B. Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University- St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Lauren C. Shuffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Beth Smith
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles; Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Nicole E. Lorenzo
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Dima Amso
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Claire D. Coles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Scott P. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Rumbut J, Fang H, Wang H. Topic modeling for systematic review of visual analytics in incomplete longitudinal behavioral trial data. SMART HEALTH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 18:100142. [PMID: 33344744 PMCID: PMC7745978 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhl.2020.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal observational and randomized controlled trials (RCT) are widely applied in biomedical behavioral studies and increasingly implemented in smart health systems. These trials frequently produce data that are high-dimensional, correlated, and contain missing values, posing significant analytic challenges. Notably, visual analytics are underdeveloped in this area. In this paper, we developed a longitudinal topic model to implement the systematic review of visual analytic methods presented at the IEEE VIS conference over its 28 year history, in comparison with MIFuzzy, an integrated and comprehensive soft computing tool for behavioral trajectory pattern recognition, validation, and visualization of incomplete longitudinal data. The findings of our longitudinal topic modeling highlight the trend patterns of visual analytics development in longitudinal behavioral trials and underscore the gigantic gap of existing robust visual analytic methods and actual working algorithms for longitudinal behavioral trial data. Future research areas for visual analytics in behavioral trial studies and smart health systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Rumbut
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Honggong Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
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Greene CA, McCarthy KJ, Estabrook R, Wakschlag LS, Briggs-Gowa MJ. Responsive Parenting Buffers the Impact of Maternal PTSD on Young Children. PARENTING, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020; 20:141-165. [PMID: 33716579 PMCID: PMC7954133 DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1707623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates maternal responsive parenting behaviors as a theorized buffer to the detrimental impact of maternal PTSD symptoms on young children's depression and anxiety symptoms, disruptive behavior, and stress-related symptoms. DESIGN A multi-ethnic sample of 242 trauma-exposed mothers and their preschool-aged children was assessed. Maternal responsive parenting behaviors were observed during standardized parent-child interactions. Maternal and child mental health symptoms were reported by mothers. RESULTS Maternal PTSD symptoms were associated with their responsive parenting behaviors and predicted children's mental health symptoms. Responsive parenting was inversely associated with children's depression and stress-related symptoms. Moderation analyses revealed an interactive effect of maternal symptoms and responsive parenting on preschool children's disruptive behavior and stress-related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Responsive parenting behaviors can mitigate the ill effects of maternal PTSD symptoms. Nurturing relationships buffer the impact of maternal PTSD. Helping parents' to sensitively respond to their young children's distress can support positive outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 65 Kane Street, West Hartford, Connecticut 06119
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Clark CAC, Massey SH, Wiebe SA, Espy KA, Wakschlag LS. Does early maternal responsiveness buffer prenatal tobacco exposure effects on young children's behavioral disinhibition? Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1285-1298. [PMID: 30428950 PMCID: PMC6520205 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Children with prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) exhibit early self-regulatory impairments, reflecting a life-course persistent propensity toward behavioral disinhibition. Previously, we demonstrated the protective role of parental responsiveness for reducing the risk of exposure-related disruptive behavior in adolescence. Here, we expanded this line of inquiry, examining whether responsiveness moderates the relation of PTE to a broader set of behavioral disinhibition features in early childhood and testing alternative diathesis-stress versus differential susceptibility explanatory models. PTE was assessed prospectively using interviews and bioassays in the Midwestern Infant Development Study (MIDS). Mother-child dyads (N = 276) were re-assessed at approximately 5 years of age in a preschool follow-up. We quantified maternal responsiveness and child behavioral disinhibition using a combination of directly observed activities in the lab and developmentally sensitive questionnaires. Results supported a diathesis-stress pattern. Children with PTE and less responsive mothers showed increased disruptive behavior and lower effortful control compared with children without PTE. In contrast, exposed children with more responsive mothers had self-regulatory profiles similar to their non-exposed peers. We did not observe sex differences. Findings provide greater specification of the protective role of maternal responsiveness for self-regulation in children with PTE and help clarify mechanisms that may underscore trajectories of exposure-related behavioral disinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caron A C Clark
- Department of Educational Psychology,University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Lincoln, NE,USA
| | - Suena H Massey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Sandra A Wiebe
- Department of Psychology,University of Alberta,Edmonton,Alberta,Canada
| | - Kimberly Andrews Espy
- Office of the Provost,University of San Antonio at Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA;Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University,Chicago,IL, USA
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Massey SH, Mroczek DK, Burns JL, Clark CAC, Espy KA, Wakschlag LS. Positive parenting behaviors in women who spontaneously quit smoking during pregnancy: Clues to putative targets for preventive interventions. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 67:18-24. [PMID: 29501649 PMCID: PMC5970967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the majority of pregnant smokers do not respond to intervention, little is known about how a subset of pregnant smokers known as spontaneous quitters achieve sustained biologically-confirmed abstinence through delivery in the absence of intervention. We explore a developmental framework to address this question by viewing spontaneous quitting as an adaptive parenting behavior, facilitated by abilities necessary for sensitive parenting, or responsiveness. Utilizing existing data, we examined responsiveness from parenting assessments in women who exhibited a variety of smoking patterns during pregnancy, including spontaneous quitting. METHODS Participants were N = 305 pregnant women assessed for smoking prospectively and biochemically at 16 weeks, 28 weeks, delivery, and 4 weeks postpartum, then reassessed with their children 5 years later with directly-observed home- and lab-based measures of parenting. We used linear regression analysis to compare spontaneous quitters with women who exhibited other prenatal smoking patterns on parenting responsiveness, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS In home-based observations, spontaneous quitters (n = 22) exhibited greater responsiveness with their children relative to intermittent pregnancy smokers [n = 70; β = 0.258, p = .022]; persistent pregnancy smokers [n = 66; β = 0.228, p = .040]; former smokers (quit before pregnancy) [n = 78; β = 266, p = .028]; and never smokers [n = 69; β = 0.312, p = .009]. Hypothesized differences were not observed in lab-based and self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS Putative protective characteristics in spontaneous quitters were captured in mother-child interactions at home, but not in lab-based and maternal report measures of responsiveness. Specification of these characteristics using prospective designs that oversample for spontaneous quitters is recommended to enable translation to preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suena H Massey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 633 N Saint Clair, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N Saint Clair, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Daniel K Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N Saint Clair, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - James L Burns
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N Saint Clair, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Caron A C Clark
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 241 Teachers College Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308, USA.
| | - Kimberly A Espy
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E University Blvd., P.O. Box 210068, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1503 E University Blvd., P.O. Box 210068, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 633 N Saint Clair, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N Saint Clair, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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Blackwell CK, Wakschlag LS, Gershon RC, Cella D. Measurement framework for the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes research program. Curr Opin Pediatr 2018; 30:276-284. [PMID: 29406440 PMCID: PMC6029724 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diverse methodological approaches pose significant challenges to assess environmental exposure effects on child health outcomes. Although transdisciplinary research efforts offer unique opportunities for understanding the complex and multidimensional facets of lifespan health and disease trajectories, a shared measurement strategy is necessary for ensuring cohesion and comprehensibility across disciplines and domains. RECENT FINDINGS Exposure science often focuses on one life stage, one primary outcome domain and/or one environmental context without regard for understanding the complexity of exposome pathways and outcomes across a developmental continuum. As part of the National Institutes of Health Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program, the Person Reported Outcomes Core developed a unifying measurement framework that takes a lifespan development approach to assess physical, mental and social health outcomes within the complex matrix of environmental exposure pathways. SUMMARY The proposed framework offers a shared methodological approach to health outcome assessment, with a particular emphasis on person-reported outcomes. This framework will be instrumental for future large-scale consortia and transdisciplinary team science efforts by providing a common structure, measurement guidance and consistent terminology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K. Blackwell
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Richard C. Gershon
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - the ECHO PRO Core
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
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Rose-Jacobs R, Richardson MA, Buchanan-Howland K, Chen CA, Cabral H, Heeren TC, Liebschutz J, Forman L, Frank DA. Intrauterine exposure to tobacco and executive functioning in high school. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 176:169-175. [PMID: 28544995 PMCID: PMC5539953 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive functioning (EF), an umbrella construct encompassing gradual maturation of cognitive organization/management processes, is important to success in multiple settings including high school. Intrauterine tobacco exposure (IUTE) correlates with negative cognitive/behavioral outcomes, but little is known about its association with adolescent EF and information from real-life contexts is sparse. We evaluated the impact of IUTE on teacher-reported observations of EF in urban high school students controlling for covariates including other intrauterine and adolescent substance exposures. METHODS A prospective low-income birth cohort (51% male; 89% African American/Caribbean) was followed through late adolescence (16-18 years old). At birth, intrauterine exposures to cocaine and other substances (52% cocaine, 52% tobacco, 26% marijuana, 26% alcohol) were identified by meconium and/or urine assays, and/or maternal self-report. High school teachers knowledgeable about the student and unaware of study aims were asked to complete the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Teacher Form (BRIEF-TF) annually. RESULTS Teachers completed at least one BRIEF-TF for 131 adolescents. Multivariable analyses included controls for: demographics; intrauterine cocaine, marijuana, and alcohol exposures; early childhood exposures to lead; and violence exposure from school-age to adolescence. IUTE was associated with less optimal BRIEF-TF Behavioral Regulation scores (p <0.05). Other intrauterine substance exposures did not predict less optimal BRIEF-TF scores, nor did exposures to violence, lead, nor adolescents' own substance use. CONCLUSIONS IUTE is associated with offspring's less optimal EF. Prenatal counseling should emphasize abstinence from tobacco, as well as alcohol and illegal substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rose-Jacobs
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 72 East Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Boston Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics,1 Medical Center Place, Boston, MA, 02118, United States.
| | - Mark A Richardson
- Boston University, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences,648 Beacon Street, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Kathryn Buchanan-Howland
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics,1 Medical Center Place, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Clara A Chen
- Boston University School of Public Health, Data Coordinating Center, 85 East Newton Street, United States
| | - Howard Cabral
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Timothy C Heeren
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Jane Liebschutz
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Section of General Internal Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Leah Forman
- Boston University School of Public Health, Data Coordinating Center, 85 East Newton Street, United States
| | - Deborah A Frank
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 72 East Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Boston Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics,1 Medical Center Place, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
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Pausova Z, Paus T, Abrahamowicz M, Bernard M, Gaudet D, Leonard G, Peron M, Pike GB, Richer L, Séguin JR, Veillette S. Cohort Profile: The Saguenay Youth Study (SYS). Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:e19. [PMID: 27018016 PMCID: PMC5837575 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Saguenay Youth Study (SYS) is a two-generational study of adolescents and their parents (n = 1029 adolescents and 962 parents) aimed at investigating the aetiology, early stages and trans-generational trajectories of common cardiometabolic and brain diseases. The ultimate goal of this study is to identify effective means for increasing healthy life expectancy. The cohort was recruited from the genetic founder population of the Saguenay Lac St Jean region of Quebec, Canada. The participants underwent extensive (15-h) phenotyping, including an hour-long recording of beat-by-beat blood pressure, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and abdomen, and serum lipidomic profiling with LC-ESI-MS. All participants have been genome-wide genotyped (with ∼ 8 M imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms) and a subset of them (144 adolescents and their 288 parents) has been genome-wide epityped (whole blood DNA, Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip). These assessments are complemented by a detailed evaluation of each participant in a number of domains, including cognition, mental health and substance use, diet, physical activity and sleep, and family environment. The data collection took place during 2003-12 in adolescents (full) and their parents (partial), and during 2012-15 in parents (full). All data are available upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Science
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michal Abrahamowicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Bernard
- Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Science
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Community Genomic Centre, Université de Montréal, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Leonard
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Peron
- Department of Human Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, BC, Canada
| | - Louis Richer
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada and
| | - Jean R Séguin
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzanne Veillette
- Department of Human Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
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Míguez MC, Pereira B, Figueiredo B. Tobacco consumption and spontaneous quitting at the first trimester of pregnancy. Addict Behav 2017; 64:111-117. [PMID: 27608322 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to examine the association between pregnant women's socio-demographic characteristics, smoking-related variables and psychological symptoms (anxiety and depression) and both tobacco consumption and spontaneous quitting at the first trimester of pregnancy. In particular, we wished to examine the contribution of depressive symptoms to tobacco consumption and spontaneous quitting, while controlling for anxiety symptoms, socio-demographic and smoking-related variables. METHODS The sample was comprised of 901 Spanish pregnant women. Assessment included an ad hoc questionnaire with socio-demographic and tobacco consumption information, the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and The State-Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). Two multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, respectively to predict tobacco consumption and to predict spontaneous quitting. RESULTS Having a partner who smokes (OR=5.578), not having a college education (OR=2.803), higher scores on the EPDS (OR=1.073) and higher scores on the STAI-S (OR=1.027) increase the probability of continuing smoking. Being primiparous (OR=2.463), having a college education (OR=2.141), smoking fewer cigarettes before pregnancy (OR=1.175), and lower scores on the STAI-S (OR=1.045) increase the probability of spontaneously quitting smoking at the first trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms were a predictor of tobacco consumption but not of spontaneous quitting; spontaneous quitting was better predicted by anxiety symptoms. These findings support recommendations that women with depressive symptoms are at risk for smoking during pregnancy and highlight that anxious symptoms should be targeted in interventions for smoking cessation during pregnancy.
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Prenatal tobacco exposure and self-regulation in early childhood: Implications for developmental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 27:397-409. [PMID: 25997761 PMCID: PMC10112534 DOI: 10.1017/s095457941500005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) has a well-documented association with disruptive behavior in childhood, but the neurocognitive effects of exposure that underlie this link are not sufficiently understood. The present study was designed to address this gap, through longitudinal follow-up in early childhood of a prospectively enrolled cohort with well-characterized prenatal exposure. Three-year-old children (n = 151) were assessed using a developmentally sensitive battery capturing both cognitive and motivational aspects of self-regulation. PTE was related to motivational self-regulation, where children had to delay approach to attractive rewards, but not cognitive self-regulation, where children had to hold information in mind and inhibit prepotent motor responses. Furthermore, PTE predicted motivational self-regulation more strongly in boys than in girls, and when propensity scores were covaried to control for confounding risk factors, the effect of PTE on motivational self-regulation was significant only in boys. These findings suggest that PTE's impact on neurodevelopment may be greater in boys than in girls, perhaps reflecting vulnerability in neural circuits that subserve reward sensitivity and emotion regulation, and may also help to explain why PTE is more consistently related to disruptive behavior disorders than attention problems.
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13
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Paus T, Pausova Z, Abrahamowicz M, Gaudet D, Leonard G, Pike GB, Richer L. Saguenay Youth Study: a multi-generational approach to studying virtual trajectories of the brain and cardio-metabolic health. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 11:129-44. [PMID: 25454417 PMCID: PMC6989769 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the Saguenay Youth Study (SYS) and its parental arm. The overarching goal of this effort is to develop trans-generational models of developmental cascades contributing to the emergence of common chronic disorders, such as depression, addictions, dementia and cardio-metabolic diseases. Over the past 10 years, we have acquired detailed brain and cardio-metabolic phenotypes, and genome-wide genotypes, in 1029 adolescents recruited in a population with a known genetic founder effect. At present, we are extending this dataset to acquire comparable phenotypes and genotypes in the biological parents of these individuals. After providing conceptual background for this work (transactions across time, systems and organs), we describe briefly the tools employed in the adolescent arm of this cohort and highlight some of the initial accomplishments. We then outline in detail the phenotyping protocol used to acquire comparable data in the parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Z Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - M Abrahamowicz
- McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - D Gaudet
- Community Genomic Medicine Centre, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Chicoutimi, Canada
| | - G Leonard
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - G B Pike
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - L Richer
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada
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Wakschlag LS, Briggs-Gowan MJ, Choi SW, Nichols SR, Kestler J, Burns JL, Carter AS, Henry D. Advancing a multidimensional, developmental spectrum approach to preschool disruptive behavior. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 53:82-96.e3. [PMID: 24342388 PMCID: PMC4244819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dimensional approaches are gaining scientific traction. However, their potential for elucidating developmental aspects of psychopathology has not been fully realized. The goal of this article is to apply a multidimensional, developmental framework to model the normal-abnormal spectrum of preschool disruptive behavior. The Multidimensional Assessment of Preschool Disruptive Behavior (MAP-DB), a novel measure, was used to model dimensional severity across developmental parameters theorized to distinguish the normative misbehavior of early childhood from clinically salient disruptive behavior. The 4 MAP-DB dimensions are Temper Loss, Noncompliance, Aggression, and Low Concern for Others. METHOD Parents of a diverse sample of 1,488 preschoolers completed the MAP-DB. Multidimensional item response theory (IRT) was used for dimensional modeling. RESULTS The 4-dimensional, developmentally informed model demonstrated excellent fit. Its factor loadings did not differ across demographic subgroups. All dimensions provided good coverage of the abnormal end of the severity continuum, but only Temper Loss and Noncompliance provided good coverage of milder, normatively occurring behaviors. The developmental expectability and quality of behaviors distinguished normative from atypical behaviors. The point at which frequency of behaviors was atypical varied based on dimensional location for Temper Loss, Noncompliance, and Aggression. CONCLUSION The MAP-DB provides an innovative method for operationalizing developmentally specified, dimensional phenotypes in early childhood. Establishing the validity of these dimensional phenotypes in relation to clinical outcomes, neurocognitive substrates, and etiologic pathways will be a crucial test of their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Wakschlag
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University.
| | | | | | | | | | - James L Burns
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | | | - David Henry
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago
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15
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Abstract
This study examined trajectories of smoking during pregnancy among low-income smokers and differences on demographics, psychopathology, and smoking outcome expectancies among women with different smoking trajectories. The sample consisted of 215 urban pregnant smokers living in the United States. Results indicated four trajectories of smoking and significant changes over time within each trajectory. Persistent smokers had the highest demographic and mental health risks, reported higher craving compared to light smokers, and were more likely to endorse smoking to reduce negative affect, for state enhancement motives. Implications for intervention are discussed. The study was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina D Eiden
- Research Institute on Addictions, State University of Buffalo at New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
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16
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Tandon M, Si X, Belden A, Spitznagel E, Wakschlag LS, Luby J. Parenting practices in pregnancy smokers compared to non smokers. J Clin Med Res 2013; 5:84-91. [PMID: 23519319 PMCID: PMC3601505 DOI: 10.4021/jocmr1283w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present investigation compared parenting practices in a sample of preschoolers whose mothers reported smoking during pregnancy versus those who did not. METHODS A sample of n = 216, 3.0- to 5.11-year-old children, participants in an ongoing longitudinal study, was separated into those reportedly exposed to smoking in utero and those who were not. Parenting practices were compared between the two groups, using T-tests and exact logistic regressions. Multiple linear regressions and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between smoking status and parenting, controlling for variables also known to be associated with parenting practices. RESULTS Current study findings suggest that smoking during pregnancy is associated with harsh parenting practices. CONCLUSIONS Study results highlight the possible role of parenting in disruptive outcomes well-known in toddlers exposed to nicotine in utero and have implications for targeting early interventions in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Ellis LC, Berg-Nielsen TS, Lydersen S, Wichstrøm L. Smoking during pregnancy and psychiatric disorders in preschoolers. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012; 21:635-44. [PMID: 22767183 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-012-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The overall objective of this study was to determine whether smoking during pregnancy is related to psychiatric disorders in 4-year-olds while controlling for a wide range of potential confounding variables (i.e. parental anxiety, depression, personality disorders, drug abuse, and socio-economic characteristics). Parents of a community sample of 4-year-olds (N = 995) residing in the city of Trondheim, Norway were interviewed using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, which includes information on prenatal smoking. After adjusting for potential confounding variables using the propensity score, smoking during pregnancy was found to increase the odds for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) OR = 2.59 (CI 1.5-4.34, p < 0.001), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) OR = 2.69 (CI 1.84-3.91, p = 0.02) and comorbid OR = 2.55 (CI 1.24-5.23, p < 0.001). Prenatal smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for symptoms of ADHD and ODD independently of each other, in 4-year-olds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Carol Ellis
- NTNU Social Science, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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18
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Wakschlag LS, Henry DB, Tolan PH, Carter AS, Burns JL, Briggs-Gowan MJ. Putting theory to the test: modeling a multidimensional, developmentally-based approach to preschool disruptive behavior. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012; 51:593-604.e4. [PMID: 22632619 PMCID: PMC3674547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increasing emphasis on dimensional conceptualizations of psychopathology, but empirical evidence of their utility is just emerging. In particular, although a range of multidimensional models have been proposed, the relative fit of competing models has rarely been tested. Furthermore, developmental considerations have received scant attention. In this study, we tested a developmentally based, four-dimensional model of disruptive behavior theorized to represent the defining features of disruptive behavior at preschool age: Temper Loss, Noncompliance, Aggression, and Low Concern for Others. METHOD Model testing was conducted in two independent samples of preschoolers: Clinically Enriched Sample (n = 336) and Epidemiologic Sample (n = 532). The tau-equivalent confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the fit of the Developmental Model relative to three leading competing models (DSM opositional defiant disorder (ODD)/conduct disorder (CD) Model, "Callous" Model, and an "Irritable/Headstrong/Hurtful" Model). Reliability of the four dimensions was also tested. Validity of the dimensions was tested by predicting multi-informant, multi-method ratings of disruptive behavior and impairment, and incremental utility relative to DSM symptoms. RESULTS In both samples, the Developmental Model demonstrated a superior fit compared with the competing models within the full sample, and across key demographic subgroups. Validity was also demonstrated, including incremental utility relative to DSM-IV disruptive behavior symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Critical next steps for achieving scientific consensus about the optimal dimensional model of disruptive behavior and its clinical application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David B. Henry
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Patrick H. Tolan
- Youth-Nex Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - James L. Burns
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Ehringer MA. Connecting ncRNA Cigarette Smoking Studies with Tobacco Use Behaviors and Health Outcomes. Front Genet 2012; 3:49. [PMID: 22679449 PMCID: PMC3366720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
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20
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Fang H, Dukic V, Pickett KE, Wakschlag L, Espy KA. Detecting graded exposure effects: a report on an East Boston pregnancy cohort. Nicotine Tob Res 2012; 14:1115-20. [PMID: 22266824 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of tobacco exposure are typically examined by comparing groups based on a cut-score of self-reported number of cigarettes or bioassays collected in cross-sectional studies. This study introduces a new fuzzy clustering method that facilitates detection of subtle exposure effects by objectively deriving subgroups from modeling multidimensional exposure measures. We test the new method on a known exposure effect (fetal growth) and report on the graded exposure effect detected in a pregnancy cohort. METHODS A total of 978 pregnant women were enrolled from 1986 to 1992 in the Maternal Infant Smoking Study of East Boston (MISSEB). Four kinds of exposure data were used to generate exposure groups: self-reported smoking, cotinine levels, nicotine levels, and nicotine dependence scores. Subgroups were identified via a comprehensive validation procedure. The results from MISSEB (number of exposure clusters, exposure effects on birth weight, body length, and head circumference) were compared with those obtained in a separate cohort. RESULTS Using our new method in MISSEB, the same number of clusters was generated as previously, and graded exposure effects were again detected. Neonates with heavier exposure weighed less at birth relative to nonexposed neonates, with no difference between lighter-exposed and nonexposed neonates. CONCLUSIONS The same graded prenatal exposure effect emerges for known exposure-related outcomes across 2 different studies, about 2 decades apart. Our new method characterizes the degree of prenatal exposure, with the potential to help detect subtler effects on developmental outcomes, such as deficits in growth or development, neonatal temperament and behavior, and psychological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, ACCES Bldg., 7th Floor, Office: AC7-043, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Liu T, Gatsonis CA, Baylin A, Kubzansky LD, Loucks EB, Buka SL. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and anger temperament among adult offspring. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:1648-54. [PMID: 21890149 PMCID: PMC3210329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been consistently associated with aggressive behaviors among offspring across the life course. We posit that anger, as a precedent of aggression, may have mediated the association. The current study examines the relation between maternal smoking during pregnancy and anger proneness among the adult offspring. Participants were 611 adult offspring (ages 38-48 years) of mothers enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project between 1959 and 1966 in Boston and Providence. Information on maternal smoking during pregnancy was collected during prenatal visits. Spielberger's trait anger scale was used to measure anger proneness which has two components: anger temperament and angry reaction. Results from the full sample analyses showed that offspring whose mother smoked one pack or more per day on average scored 1.7 higher in anger temperament T scores in comparison to offspring whose mother never smoked during pregnancy (β=1.7, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.1, 3.2). The fixed effects analyses among siblings that accounted for more confounding found a greater effect of around one standard deviation increase in anger temperament T scores corresponding to maternal smoking of one pack or more (β=7.4, 95% CI: 0.5, 14.4). We did not observe an association of maternal smoking during pregnancy with offspring angry reaction or other negative emotions including anxiety and depression. We concluded that prenatal exposure to heavy cigarette smoke was associated with an increased level of anger temperament, a stable personality trait that may carry the influence of prenatal smoking through the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Liu
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, No. 5, YiHeYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | | | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Eric B. Loucks
- Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912
| | - Stephen L. Buka
- Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912
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Eiden RD, Leonard KE, Colder CR, Homish GG, Schuetze P, Gray TR, Huestis MA. Anger, hostility, and aggression as predictors of persistent smoking during pregnancy. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2011; 72:926-32. [PMID: 22051206 PMCID: PMC3211963 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2011.72.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the role of anger, hostility, and aggression, in addition to depression and stress, in predicting persistent smoking during pregnancy in a low-income sample. METHOD The sample consisted of 270 pregnant women (189 smokers, 81 nonsmokers) recruited into a prospective study of prenatal cigarette exposure in the first trimester. Persistent pregnancy smoking was defined as self-reporting daily smoking in at least two trimesters, a positive salivary cotinine level in at least two trimesters, or infant meconium positive for nicotine and/ or its metabolites. RESULTS Persistent smokers reported higher prenatal stress and negative affect symptoms (depression, anger, hostility, aggression) than nonpersistent smokers or nonsmokers. However, in the context of model testing, maternal anger, hostility, and aggression each accounted for unique variance in persistent smoking, whereas symptoms of depression and stress did not. CONCLUSIONS To date, interventions for pregnant low-income smokers have been largely ineffective. The current results suggest that anger management interventions may be particularly effective for low-income persistent pregnant smokers and may be more likely to prevent relapse than depression-focused interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina D. Eiden
- Correspondence may be sent to Rina D. Eiden at the above address or via email at: . Craig R. Colder is with the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Gregory G. Homish is with the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Pamela Schuetze is with the Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Teresa R. Gray and Marilyn A. Huestis are with Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Craig R. Colder
- Correspondence may be sent to Rina D. Eiden at the above address or via email at: . Craig R. Colder is with the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Gregory G. Homish is with the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Pamela Schuetze is with the Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Teresa R. Gray and Marilyn A. Huestis are with Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gregory G. Homish
- Correspondence may be sent to Rina D. Eiden at the above address or via email at: . Craig R. Colder is with the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Gregory G. Homish is with the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Pamela Schuetze is with the Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Teresa R. Gray and Marilyn A. Huestis are with Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pamela Schuetze
- Correspondence may be sent to Rina D. Eiden at the above address or via email at: . Craig R. Colder is with the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Gregory G. Homish is with the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Pamela Schuetze is with the Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Teresa R. Gray and Marilyn A. Huestis are with Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Teresa R. Gray
- Correspondence may be sent to Rina D. Eiden at the above address or via email at: . Craig R. Colder is with the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Gregory G. Homish is with the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Pamela Schuetze is with the Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Teresa R. Gray and Marilyn A. Huestis are with Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Correspondence may be sent to Rina D. Eiden at the above address or via email at: . Craig R. Colder is with the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Gregory G. Homish is with the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Pamela Schuetze is with the Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Teresa R. Gray and Marilyn A. Huestis are with Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
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