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He S, He J, Ma S, Wei K, Wu F, Xu J, Jin X, Zhao Y, Martyniuk CJ. Liquid crystal monomers disrupt photoreceptor patterning of zebrafish larvae via thyroid hormone signaling. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 188:108747. [PMID: 38761427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are the raw material for liquid crystal displays, and their use is steadily increasing in electronic products. Recently, LCMs have been reported to be novel endocrine disrupting chemicals, however, the mechanisms underlying their potential for thyroid hormone disruption and visual toxicity are not well understood. In this study, six widely used fluorinated LCMs (FLCMs) were selected to determine putative mechanisms underlying FLCM-induced toxicity to the zebrafish thyroid and visual systems. Exposure to FLCMs caused damage to retinal structures and reduced cell density of ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, and photoreceptor layer approximately 12.6-46.1%. Exposure to FLCMs also disrupted thyroid hormone levels and perturbed the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis by affecting key enzymes and protein in zebrafish larvae. A thyroid hormone-dependent GH3 cell viability assay supported the hypothesis that FLCMs act as thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals. It was also determined that FLCMs containing aliphatic ring structures may have a higher potential for T3 antagonism compared to FLCMs without an aliphatic ring. Molecular docking in silico suggested that FLCMs may affect biological functions of thyroxine binding globulin, membrane receptor integrin, and thyroid receptor beta. Lastly, the visual motor response of zebrafish in red- and green-light was significantly inhibited following exposure to FLCMs. Taken together, we demonstrate that FLCMs can act as thyroid hormone disruptors to induce visual dysfunction in zebrafish via several molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- College of Geo-exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jia He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Siying Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kunyu Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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2
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Liu L, Qiao LQ, Liu F, Sun QY, Zhao YF, Wang XL, Li N, Jiang HL, Chen XF, Wang ML, Wu YN, Zhao RS. Facile synthesis of hydroxylated triazine-based magnetic microporous organic network for ultrahigh adsorption of phenylurea herbicides: An experimental and density-functional theory study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133468. [PMID: 38219584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Microporous organic networks (MONs) are highly porous materials that are particularly useful in analytical chemistry. However, the use of these materials is often limited by the functional groups available on their surface. Here, we described the polymerization of a sea urchin-like structure material at ambient temperature, that was functionalized with hydroxyl, carboxyl, and triazine groups and denoted as OH-COOH-MON-TEPT. A substantial proportion of OH-COOH-MON-TEPT was intricately decorated EDA-Fe3O4, creating a well-designed configuration (EDA-Fe3O4 @OH-COOH-MON-TEPT-EDC) for superior adsorption of the target analytes phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) via magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). The proposed method showed remarkably low limits of detection ranging from 0.03 to 0.22 ng·L-1. Experimental investigations and theoretical analyses unveiled the adsorption mode between EDA-Fe3O4 @OH-COOH-MON-TEPT-EDC and PUHs. These findings establish a robust foundation for potential applications of EDA-Fe3O4 @OH-COOH-MON-TEPT-EDC in the analysis of various polar contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lu-Qin Qiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Quality department, Sinotruk Jinan Truck Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, China
| | - Qian-Yun Sun
- Shandong Institute of Metrology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan-Fang Zhao
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Na Li
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hai-Long Jiang
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Chen
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ming-Lin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yong-Ning Wu
- China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Ru-Song Zhao
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China.
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Rivenbark KJ, Nikkhah H, Wang M, Beykal B, Phillips TD. Toxicity of representative organophosphate, organochlorine, phenylurea, dinitroaniline, carbamate, and viologen pesticides to the growth and survival of H. vulgaris, L. minor, and C. elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21781-21796. [PMID: 38396181 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are commonly found in the environment and pose a risk to target and non-target species; therefore, employing a set of bioassays to rapidly assess the toxicity of these chemicals to diverse species is crucial. The toxicity of nine individual pesticides from organophosphate, organochlorine, phenylurea, dinitroaniline, carbamate, and viologen chemical classes and a mixture of all the compounds were tested in three bioassays (Hydra vulgaris, Lemna minor, and Caenorhabditis elegans) that represent plant, aquatic, and soil-dwelling species, respectively. Multiple endpoints related to growth and survival were measured for each model, and EC10 and EC50 values were derived for each endpoint to identify sensitivity patterns according to chemical classes and target organisms. L. minor had the lowest EC10 and EC50 values for seven and five of the individual pesticides, respectively. L. minor was also one to two orders of magnitude more sensitive to the mixture compared to H. vulgaris and C. elegans, where EC50 values were calculated to be 0.00042, 0.0014, and 0.038 mM, respectively. H. vulgaris was the most sensitive species to the remaining individual pesticides, and C. elegans consistently ranked the least sensitive to all tested compounds. When comparing the EC50 values across all pesticides, the endpoints of L. minor were correlated with each other while the endpoints measured in H. vulgaris and C. elegans were clustered together. While there was no apparent relationship between the chemical class of pesticide and toxicity, the compounds were more closely clustered based on target organisms (herbicide vs insecticide). The results of this study demonstrate that the combination of these plant, soil, and aquatic specie can serve as representative indicators of pesticide pollution in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Rivenbark
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hasan Nikkhah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Meichen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Burcu Beykal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Timothy D Phillips
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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4
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Yi J, Ma Y, Ma J, Yu H, Zhang K, Jin L, Yang Q, Sun D, Wu D. Rapid Assessment of Ocular Toxicity from Environmental Contaminants Based on Visually Mediated Zebrafish Behavior Studies. TOXICS 2023; 11:706. [PMID: 37624211 PMCID: PMC10459940 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The presence of contaminants in the environment has increased in recent years, and studies have demonstrated that these contaminants have the ability to penetrate the blood-retinal barrier and directly affect the visual systems of organisms. Zebrafish are recognized as an ideal model for human eye diseases due to their anatomical and functional similarities to the human eye, making them an efficient and versatile organism for studying ocular toxicity caused by environmental contaminants in the field of environmental toxicology. Meanwhile, zebrafish exhibit a diverse repertoire of visually mediated behaviors, and their visual system undergoes complex changes in behavioral responses when exposed to environmental contaminants, enabling rapid assessment of the ocular toxicity induced by such pollutants. Therefore, this review aimed to highlight the effectiveness of zebrafish as a model for examining the effects of environmental contaminants on ocular development. Special attention is given to the visually mediated behavior of zebrafish, which allows for a rapid assessment of ocular toxicity resulting from exposure to environmental contaminants. Additionally, the potential mechanisms by which environmental contaminants may induce ocular toxicity are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yilei Ma
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Libo Jin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Dejun Wu
- Emergency Department, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
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Jiao B, Wang K, Chang Y, Dong F, Pan X, Wu X, Xu J, Liu X, Zheng Y. Photodegradation of the Novel Herbicide Pyraquinate in Aqueous Solution: Kinetics, Photoproducts, Mechanisms, and Toxicity Assessment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4249-4257. [PMID: 36877166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyraquinate, a newly developed 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase class herbicide, has shown excellent control of resistant weeds in paddy fields. However, its environmental degradation products and corresponding ecotoxicological risks after field application remain ambiguous. In this study, we systematically investigate the photolytic behaviors of pyraquinate in aqueous solutions and in response to xenon lamp irradiation. The degradation follows first-order kinetics, and its rate depends on pH and the amount of organic matter. No vulnerability to light radiation is indicated. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and UNIFI software analysis reveals six photoproducts generated by methyl oxidation, demethylation, oxidative dechlorination, and ester hydrolysis. Gaussian calculation suggests that activities due to hydroxyl radicals or aquatic oxygen atoms caused these reactions on the premise of obeying thermodynamic criteria. Practical toxicity test results show that the toxicity of pyraquinate to zebrafish embryos is low but increases when the compound is combined with its photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiming Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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6
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Ivantsova E, Konig I, Lopez-Scarim V, English C, Charnas SR, Souders CL, Martyniuk CJ. Molecular and behavioral toxicity assessment of tiafenacil, a novel PPO-inhibiting herbicide, in zebrafish embryos/larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104084. [PMID: 36828158 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tiafenacil is a newly registered herbicide and a protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitor. However, sub-lethal effects of PPO-inhibitors in aquatic species are unknown. Embryos or larvae were exposed to 0.1 µg/L up to 10 mg/L tiafenacil for 7-days post-fertilization. Decreased survival (> 50%) and deformities were noted at concentrations > 1 mg/L. Potency (EC50) of tiafenacil for 5- and 7-day larvae were 818.1 µg/L and 821.7 µg/L, respectively. Pericardial and yolk sac edema were the most frequent deformities observed. Heartbeat frequency at 3 dpf was decreased in zebrafish exposed to > 10 µg/L tiafenacil, coinciding with increased reactive oxygen species. Oxygen consumption rates were not affected by tiafenacil, nor did we detect differences in indicators of apoptosis. The abundance of eighteen transcripts related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial complexes I through V were unchanged. Larval activity was decreased with exposure to 1000 µg/L tiafenacil. These data contribute to risk assessment for a new class of herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ivantsova
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Isaac Konig
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victoria Lopez-Scarim
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Cole English
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Savannah R Charnas
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
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7
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Wei S, Qiu L, Ru S, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhang X. Bisphenol S disrupts opsins gene expression and impairs the light-sensing function via antagonizing TH-TRβ signaling pathway in zebrafish larvae. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113588. [PMID: 36574878 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is extensively used in "bisphenol A-free" products such as baby bottles. Although the visual toxicity of BPS has been reported, the underlying mechanism was largely unknown. In the present study, zebrafish were exposed to 0, 4 and 400 nM BPS from 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf to further explore the thyroid disruption mechanism underlying the BPS induced impairment of visual function. The results showed that BPS decreased T3 levels in larval eyes, induced retinal expression of thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ), and thereby down-regulated the expression of TH-mediated opsin genes (opn1lw1, opn1lw2, opn1mw1, opn1mw2, opn1mw3, and opn1sw2) and impaired subsequent phototransduction pathways, leading to decreased visually mediated phototactic response and body color adaptation but stimulated visual motor response (VMR). Combining exposure of exogenous T3 or 1-850 (antagonist for TRβ) with BPS could partly compensate the inhibited expression of opsin genes (opn1mw2, opn1lw1, and opn1lw2) and alleviate the hyperactivity of larval VMR caused by BPS alone, suggesting that BPS disrupted the opsins expression and also light-sensing function via antagonizing TH-TRβ signaling pathway. This study underlined the importance of TH signaling in regulating the proper vision and proposed a novel mechanism for the visual toxicity of BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wei
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, PR China
| | - Liguo Qiu
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, PR China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, PR China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, PR China.
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8
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Herbicides widely used in the world: an investigation of toxic effects on Caenorhabditis elegans. Biol Futur 2023:10.1007/s42977-023-00152-9. [PMID: 36639591 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dicamba, paraquat, picloram, clopyralid and linuron are herbicides widely used in agriculture. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the toxicity effects of the herbicides used on survival, fertility and length of Caenorhabditis elegans. Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis method was used to identify the toxicity effect of herbicides on survival, and ANOVA and Post Hoc tests were used to determine the toxicity effects on fertility and length. In the study, C. elegans was exposed to 5 different concentrations (62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 µM) of each herbicide. When the results were evaluated, it was observed that survival (life span) and length (physical growth) were more affected, respectively, by paraquat, dicamba, linuron, picloram and clopyralid herbicides, fertility (egg productivity) were more affected, respectively, by paraquat, linuron, dicamba, picloram and clopyralid herbicides. As a result, it was determined that increasing the dose amounts of herbicides caused many toxic reactions on C. elegans, affecting survival, egg productivity and length.
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9
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Patel N, Ivantsova E, Konig I, Souders CL, Martyniuk CJ. Perfluorotetradecanoic Acid (PFTeDA) Induces Mitochondrial Damage and Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryos/Larvae. TOXICS 2022; 10:776. [PMID: 36548609 PMCID: PMC9785682 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Industrial and consumer products, such as pesticides, lubricants, and cosmetics, can contain perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). Although many short-chain PFCs have been linked to physiological and behavioral changes in fish, there are limited data on longer-chain PFCs. The objective of this study was to determine the potential impact of perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio) during early developmental stages. We measured several endpoints including gene expression, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and locomotor activity in zebrafish. Survival, timing of hatching, and deformity frequency were unaffected by PFTeDA at the concentrations tested (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µM) over a 7-day exposure period. The expression levels of mitochondrial-related genes (cox1 and mt-nd3) and oxidative stress-related genes (cat, hsp70, and hsp90a) were increased in larval fish with exposure to 10 µM PFTeDA; however, there was no change in oxidative respiration of embryos (i.e., basal respiration and oligomycin-induced ATP-linked respiration). Reactive oxygen species were reduced in larvae treated with 10 µM PFTeDA, coinciding with the increased transcription of antioxidant defense genes. Both the visual motor response test and light-dark preference test were conducted on 7 dpf larvae and yielded no significant findings. This study improves current knowledge regarding toxicity mechanisms for longer-chain PFCs such as PFTeDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neep Patel
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emma Ivantsova
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Isaac Konig
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Christopher L. Souders
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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10
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Pierro JD, Ahir BK, Baker NC, Kleinstreuer NC, Xia M, Knudsen TB. Computational model for fetal skeletal defects potentially linked to disruption of retinoic acid signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:971296. [PMID: 36172177 PMCID: PMC9511990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) gradients determine skeletal patterning morphogenesis and can be disrupted by diverse genetic or environmental factors during pregnancy, leading to fetal skeleton defects. Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) frameworks for ATRA metabolism, signaling, and homeostasis allow for the development of new approach methods (NAMs) for predictive toxicology with less reliance on animal testing. Here, a data-driven model was constructed to identify chemicals associated with both ATRA pathway bioactivity and prenatal skeletal defects. The phenotype data was culled from ToxRefDB prenatal developmental toxicity studies and produced a list of 363 ToxRefDB chemicals with altered skeletal observations. Defects were classified regionally as cranial, post-cranial axial, appendicular, and other (unspecified) features based on ToxRefDB descriptors. To build a multivariate statistical model, high-throughput screening bioactivity data from >8,070 chemicals in ToxCast/Tox21 across 10 in vitro assays relevant to the retinoid signaling system were evaluated and compared to literature-based candidate reference chemicals in the dataset. There were 48 chemicals identified for effects on both in vivo skeletal defects and in vitro ATRA pathway targets for computational modeling. The list included 28 chemicals with prior evidence of skeletal defects linked to retinoid toxicity and 20 chemicals without prior evidence. The combination of thoracic cage defects and DR5 (direct repeats of 5 nucleotides for RAR/RXR transactivation) disruption was the most frequently occurring phenotypic and target disturbance, respectively. This data model provides valuable AOP elucidation and validates current mechanistic understanding. These findings also shed light on potential avenues for new mechanistic discoveries related to ATRA pathway disruption and associated skeletal dysmorphogenesis due to environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocylin D. Pierro
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Computational Toxicology and Bioinformatics Branch (CTBB), Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Bhavesh K. Ahir
- Eurofins Medical Device Testing, Lancaster, PA, United States
| | - Nancy C. Baker
- Scientific Computing and Data Curation Division (SCDCD), Leidos Contractor, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), USEPA/ORD, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Nicole C. Kleinstreuer
- Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Menghang Xia
- Division for Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas B. Knudsen
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Computational Toxicology and Bioinformatics Branch (CTBB), Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas B. Knudsen, , orcid.org/0000-0002-5036-596x
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11
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Zhang X, Ivantsova E, Perez-Rodriguez V, Cao F, Souders CL, Martyniuk CJ. Investigating mitochondria-immune responses in zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822): A case study with the herbicide dinoseb. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 257:109357. [PMID: 35500749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dinitrophenol herbicide dinoseb is an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Studies in fish demonstrate impaired OXPHOS is associated with altered immune system responses and locomotor activity in fish. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dinoseb on zebrafish (Danio rerio) during early stages of development. We measured oxygen consumption rates of embryos, transcripts related to OXPHOS, growth, and the immune system (cytokines and immune-signaling transcripts), and locomotor activity. We hypothesized that OXPHOS of fish would be impaired in vivo, leading to altered basal immune system expression and locomotor activity. Oxidative respiration assessments in embryos revealed that dinoseb decreased both mean basal respiration and oligomycin-induced ATP-linked respiration. Expression levels of cytochrome c oxidase complex IV, 3-hydroxyacyl-COA dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase 1 were decreased in larvae following exposure to dinoseb while succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A, insulin growth factor 1 (igf1) and igf2a mRNA were increased in abundance. Immune-related transcripts chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) were decreased in expression levels while toll-like receptor 5a and 5b were increased in expression. In addition, a visual motor response test was conducted on both 6 and 7 dpf larvae to determine if dinoseb impaired locomotor activity. Dinoseb decreased locomotor activity in 7 dpf larvae but not 6 dpf. This study improves knowledge of toxicity mechanisms for dinoseb in early stages of fish development and demonstrates that mitochondrial toxicants may disrupt immune signaling in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujia Zhang
- College of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Emma Ivantsova
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Veronica Perez-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Fangjie Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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12
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Santos J, Barreto A, Sousa ÉML, Calisto V, Amorim MJB, Maria VL. The role of nanoplastics on the toxicity of the herbicide phenmedipham, using Danio rerio embryos as model organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119166. [PMID: 35306087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Once in the aquatic ecosystems, nanoplastics (NPls) can interact with other contaminants acting as vectors of transport and altering their toxicological effects towards organisms. Thus, the present study aims to investigate how polystyrene NPls (44 nm) interact with the herbicide phenmedipham (PHE) and affect its toxicity to zebrafish embryos. Single exposures to 0, 0.015, 0.15, 1.5, 15 and 150 mg/L NPls and 0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 mg/L PHE were performed. Embryos were also exposed to the binominal combinations: 0.015 mg/L NPls + 2 mg/L PHE, 0.015 mg/L NPls + 20 mg/L PHE, 1.5 mg/L NPls + 2 mg/L PHE and 1.5 mg/L NPls + 20 mg/L PHE. Due to the low solubility of PHE in water, a solvent control was performed (0.01% acetone). PHE was quantified. Mortality, heartbeat and hatching rate, malformations appearance, locomotor behavior and biomarkers related to oxidative stress, neurotransmission and energy budgets were analyzed. During 96 h, NPls and PHE single and combined exposures did not affect embryos development. After 120 h, NPls induced hyperactivity and PHE induced hypoactivity. After 96 h, NPls increased catalase activity and PHE increased glutathione S-transferases activity. On the combination 0.015 mg/L NPls + 20 mg/L PHE, hyperactivity behavior was found, similar to 0.015 mg/L NPls, and cholinesterase activity was inhibited. Additionally, the combination 1.5 mg/L NPls + 20 mg/L PHE increased both catalase and glutathione S-transferases activities. The combination NPls with PHE affected more biochemical endpoints than the single exposures, showing the higher effect of the binominal combinations. Dissimilar interactions effects - no interaction, synergism and antagonism - between NPls and PHE were found. The current study shows that the effects of NPls on bioavailability and toxicity of other contaminants (e.g. PHE) cannot be ignored during the assessment of NPls environmental behavior and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Santos
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Angela Barreto
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Érika M L Sousa
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Vera L Maria
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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13
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Horie Y, Nomura M, Okamoto K, Takahashi C, Sato T, Miyagawa S, Okamura H, Iguchi T. Effect of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals on swim bladder inflation and thyroid hormone-related gene expression in Japanese medaka and zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1385-1395. [PMID: 35172387 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We compared the influence of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals (heptafluorobutanoic acid, PFBA and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, TDCPP), and thyroid hormone (3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3) on swim bladder inflation and thyroid hormone-related gene expression in Japanese medaka and zebrafish. The swim bladder of most larvae had inflated at 4 hours post hatching (hph) in Japanese medaka and at 48 hph in zebrafish in controls. In both fish species, the swim bladder inflation was inhibited in larvae exposed to PFBA (lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) in medaka: 40 mg/L; in zebrafish: 80 mg/L), TDCPP (LOEC in medaka: 1 mg/L; in zebrafish: 0.5 mg/L), and T3 (no inhibition in Japanese medaka; LOEC in zebrafish: 7.5 μg/L). We also examined the influence of PFBA, TDCPP, and T3 on the expression of thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta (tshβ) or thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα) and beta (trβ). No changes were observed in the expression of genes after PFBA and TDCPP exposure; however, T3 exposure upregulated trα and trβ expression in both fish species. When the results were compared between Japanese medaka and zebrafish, swim bladder inflation in both species was found to be inhibited by exposure to thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals. Our results show that inhibition of the swim bladder inflation at 4 hph in Japanese medaka and 48 hph in zebrafish is a potential indicator of thyroid hormone-disturbing activity of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Sea (KURCIS), Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Miho Nomura
- Faculty of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Konori Okamoto
- Faculty of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chiho Takahashi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Research Center for Inland Sea (KURCIS), Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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14
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Huang JN, Wen B, Xu L, Ma HC, Li XX, Gao JZ, Chen ZZ. Micro/nano-plastics cause neurobehavioral toxicity in discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus): Insight from brain-gut-microbiota axis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126830. [PMID: 34396975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated neurobehavioral toxicity of microplastics, but no studies have illustrated mechanism via brain-gut axis. Here, juvenile discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) were exposed for 96 h to microfibers (900 µm, fiber, MFs) or nanoplastics (~88 nm, bead, NPs) with three concentrations (0, 20 and 200 µg/L). Accumulation in fish gut was independent of plastics type and concentration. MFs reduced growth performance while NPs weakened swimming and predatory performance of post-exposed discus. For brain cholinesterase activity, acetylcholinesterase was activated by NPs while NPs/MFs exposure inhibited butyrylcholinesterase. Concentrations of neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid) increased in brain but decreased in gut after NPs or MFs exposure. For gut microbiota, increased richness under MFs exposure was observed. At phylum level, Proteobacteria proportion was lower in NPs but higher in MFs. Abundance of Clostridia and Fusobacteriia (Bacillus), potentially secreting neurotransmitters, increased in NPs but decreased in MFs. Brain transcriptomics revealed seven upregulated and four downregulated genes concerning neural-activities. Pathways of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and serotonergic synapse were enriched in both MFs and NPs, but dopaminergic synapse pathway was enriched only in MFs. These results established a novel mechanism by which microplastics might cause behavioral toxicities via brain-gut-microbiota axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Huang
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Wen
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huan-Chao Ma
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Gao
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zai-Zhong Chen
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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15
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Fan R, Zhang W, Jia L, Li L, Zhao J, Zhao Z, Peng S, Chen Y, Yuan X. Combined Developmental Toxicity of the Pesticides Difenoconazole and Dimethomorph on Embryonic Zebrafish. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120854. [PMID: 34941692 PMCID: PMC8706556 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Difenoconazole (DIF) and dimethomorph (DIM) are widely used pesticides frequently detected together in environmental samples, so the deleterious effects of combined exposure warrant detailed examination. In this study, the individual and combined effects of DIM and DIF on conventional developmental parameters (hatching rate, deformity rate, lethality) and gene expression were measured in embryonic zebrafish. Both DIF and DIM interfered with normal zebrafish embryo development, and the most sensitive toxicity index for both was 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) deformity rate (BMDL10 values of 0.30 and 1.10 mg/L, respectively). The combination of DIF and DIM had mainly synergistic deleterious effects on 96 hpf deformity and mortality rates. Transcriptome analysis showed that these compounds markedly downregulated expression of mcm family genes, cdk1, and cdc20, thereby potentially disrupting DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Enhanced surveillance for this pesticide combination is recommended as simultaneous environmental exposure may be substantially more harmful than exposure to either compound alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Fan
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Li Jia
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Lizhong Li
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Jun Zhao
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Zengming Zhao
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing 100073, China; (R.F.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.P.)
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Huang T, Wang S, Souders CL, Ivantsova E, Wengrovitz A, Ganter J, Zhao YH, Cheng H, Martyniuk CJ. Exposure to acetochlor impairs swim bladder formation, induces heat shock protein expression, and promotes locomotor activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112978. [PMID: 34794026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, however, there are few data on the sub-lethal effects of acetochlor on early developmental stages of fish. To address this, we measured survival, deformity, swim bladder formation, embryo oxygen consumption rates, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, transcripts (related to swim bladder formation, oxidative damage response, and apoptosis) and behavior responses following exposure to acetochlor (0.001 µM up to 125 µM). Exposure to acetochlor at concentrations 50 µM and above exerted 100% mortality after 3 dpf, and significantly reduced the size of the swim bladder (25 µM). In embryos, basal respiration, oligomycin-induced ATP production, and maximal respiration were decreased 30-60% following a 24 h exposure to 125 μM acetochlor. Acetochlor did not affect ROS levels up to 25 µM in larvae with acute exposure. Acetochlor at 25 µM increased mRNA levels of bax1, hsp70, and hsp90a by ~4-fold in larval zebrafish. In both the visual motor response and light-dark preference test, 25 µM acetochlor increased locomotor activity of larval fish. At lower exposure concentrations, 100 and 1000 nM acetochlor increased the mean time spent in the dark zone, suggesting promotion of anxiolytic behavior. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of sublethal effects of acetochlor, spanning molecular responses to behavior, which can be used to refine risk assessment decisions for aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emma Ivantsova
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrew Wengrovitz
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jade Ganter
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yuan H Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, USA.
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17
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Volz DC, Cannon J, Tal T. Introduction to leveraging non-mammalian models for developmental neurotoxicity testing. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:107001. [PMID: 34126204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, USA.
| | - Jason Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, USA
| | - Tamara Tal
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany
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18
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Caioni G, Merola C, Perugini M, d’Angelo M, Cimini AM, Amorena M, Benedetti E. An Experimental Approach to Study the Effects of Realistic Environmental Mixture of Linuron and Propamocarb on Zebrafish Synaptogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094664. [PMID: 33925709 PMCID: PMC8124988 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reasons behind the extensive use of pesticides include the need to destroy vector organisms and promote agricultural production in order to sustain population growth. Exposure to pesticides is principally occupational, even if their persistence in soil, surface water and food brings the risk closer to the general population, hence the demand for risk assessment, since these compounds exist not only as individual chemicals but also in form of mixtures. In light of this, zebrafish represents a suitable model for the evaluation of toxicological effects. Here, zebrafish embryos were exposed for 96 h post fertilization (hpf) to sublethal concentrations (350 µg/L) of linuron and propamocarb, used separately and then combined in a single solution. We investigated the effects on morphological traits and the expression of genes known to be implicated in synaptogenesis (neurexin1a and neuroligin3b). We observed alterations in some phenotypic parameters, such as head width and interocular distance, that showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) for the mixture treatment. After individual exposure, the analysis of gene expression showed an imbalance at the synaptic level, which was partially recovered by the simultaneous administration of linuron and propamocarb. This preliminary study demonstrates that the combined substances were responsible for some unpredictable effects, diverging from the effect observed after single exposure. Thus, it is clear that risk assessment should be performed not only on single pesticides but also on their mixtures, the toxicological dynamics of which can be totally unpredictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Caioni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (M.d.); (A.M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Carmine Merola
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Monia Perugini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861-266988
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (M.d.); (A.M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Anna Maria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (M.d.); (A.M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Michele Amorena
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (M.d.); (A.M.C.); (E.B.)
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19
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Li XY, Qin YJ, Wang Y, Huang T, Zhao YH, Wang XH, Martyniuk CJ, Yan B. Relative comparison of strobilurin fungicides at environmental levels: Focus on mitochondrial function and larval activity in early staged zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicology 2021; 452:152706. [PMID: 33548355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurin fungicides are used globally and have been detected in microgram per liter concentrations in aquatic environments. Here, we determined the potential toxicity of four commonly used strobilurins (azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin) on mitochondrial function and locomotor activity of larval zebrafish at an environmentally relevant level. As the mode of action of strobilurins in fungi is binding to cytochrome bc1 in mitochondrial complex III, we evaluated exposure effects on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of zebrafish, by measuring oxygen consumption rates, mitochondria-related enzyme activities, and transcripts levels for genes associated with the electron transfer chain and citric acid cycle. We found that 50 nM pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin lowered basal respiration, oligomycin-induced ATP respiration, and maximal respiration of embryos. Dysfunction in mitochondrial bioenergetics was associated with changes in mitochondrial complex III activity and transcripts of oxidative respiration and stress-related genes. Lower activity of complex III, and reduced cytb mRNA levels were hypothesized to contribute to reduced electron supply to complex IV and V. Both coxI and atp6 were up-regulated, suggesting a compensatory response to impaired oxidative respiration. Cluster analysis indicated that strobilurin-induced oxidative stress and cytb transcript were related to impaired oxidative phosphorylation. We also assessed larval behavior responses, as reduced ATP can affect activity. We observed that pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin induced hypoactive responses in zebrafish. At 50 nM, azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl exerted no effects on mitochondrial function nor locomotion of zebrafish. Studies such as this are important for determining sublethal toxicity to these fungicides, as widespread detection of strobilurins in aquatic environments suggests there is a potential for adverse effects in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Y Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying J Qin
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Yuan H Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Xiao H Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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