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Kong L, Pan YJ, Hwang JS. Multigenerational effects of glyphosate-based herbicide and emamectin benzoate insecticide on the reproduction and gene expression of the copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei (Sewell, 1919). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142423. [PMID: 38830461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide (GLY) and pure emamectin benzoate (EB) insecticide on the brackish copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei. The 96h median lethal concentration (96 h LC50) was higher in the GLY exposure (male: 3420.96 ± 394.67 μg/L; female: 3093.46 ± 240.67 μg/L) than in the EB (male: 79.10 ± 7.30 μg/L; female: 6.38 ± 0.72 μg/L). Based on the result of 96h LC50, we further examined the effects of GLY and EB exposures at sub-lethal concentrations on the naupliar production of P. annandalei. Subsequently, a multigenerational experiment was conducted to assess the long-term impact of GLY and EB at concentrations 375 μg/L, and 0.025 μg/L respectively determined by sub-lethal exposure testing. During four consecutive generations, population growth, clutch size, prosome length and width, and sex ratio were measured. The copepods exposed to GLY and EB showed lower population growth but higher clutch size than the control group in most generations. Gene expression analysis indicated that GLY and EB exposures resulted in the downregulation of reproduction-related (vitellogenin) and growth-related (myosin heavy chain) genes, whereas a stress-related gene (heat shock protein 70) was upregulated after multigenerational exposure. The results of the toxicity test after post-multigenerational exposure indicated that the long-term GLY-exposed P. annandalei displayed greater vulnerability towards GLY toxicity compared to newly-exposed individuals. Whereas, the tolerance of EB was significantly higher in the long-term exposed copepod than in newly-exposed individuals. This suggests that P. annandalei might have greater adaptability towards EB toxicity than towards GLY toxicity. This study reports for the first time the impacts of common pesticides on the copepod P. annandalei, which have implications for environmental risk assessment and contributes to a better understanding of copepod physiological responses towards pesticide contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Kong
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Pan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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Zhang F, Lv T, Li J, Lian J, Wu H, Jin Y, Jia F, Zhang X. Citrate synthase lysine K215 hypoacetylation contributes to microglial citrate accumulation and pro-inflammatory functions after traumatic brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14567. [PMID: 38421106 PMCID: PMC10851320 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the relationship between microglial metabolism and neuroinflammation by examining the impact of citrate accumulation in microglia and its potential regulation through Cs K215 hypoacetylation. METHODS Experimental approaches included assessing Cs enzyme activity through Cs K215Q mutation and investigating the inhibitory effects of hesperidin, a natural flavanone glycoside, on citrate synthase. Microglial phagocytosis and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were also examined in relation to Cs K215Q mutation and hesperidin treatment. RESULTS Cs K215Q mutation and hesperidin exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Cs enzyme activity, microglial citrate accumulation, phagocytosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Interestingly, Sirt3 knockdown aggravated microglial pro-inflammatory functions during neuroinflammation, despite its proven role in Cs deacetylation. CONCLUSION Cs K215Q mutation and hesperidin effectively inhibited microglial pro-inflammatory functions without reversing the metabolic reprogramming. These findings suggest that targeting Cs K215 hypoacetylation and utilizing hesperidin may hold promise for modulating neuroinflammation in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchen Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Lian
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yichao Jin
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryNantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Li Y, He X, Sun B, Hu N, Li J, You R, Tao F, Fang L, Li Y, Zhai Q. Combined exposure of beta-cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate interferes with the HPO axis through oxidative stress, causing an imbalance of hormone homeostasis in female rats. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108502. [PMID: 37984602 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pesticides on reproductive health has been increasingly recognized. β-cypermethrin (β-CYP) and emamectin benzoate (EMB) are commonly used with agricultural workers. There are few published studies on the effects of combined poisoning of these two pesticides on the reproductive system. This study investigated the toxic effects and mechanism of β-CYP and EMB on the reproductive system of female rats based on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. The hypothalamic GnRH content tended to decrease, and Kiss-1 and GPR-54 mRNA and protein expression tended to increase in exposed rats. FSH content was elevated for the pituitary gland, and Kiss-1 and GPR-54 mRNA and protein expression were enhanced in all experimental groups compared with the control group. E2 content in rat ovaries and ERα mRNA and protein expression were reduced by β-CYP and EMB. Furthermore, there were interactive effects of β-CYP and EMB on FSH and E2 release, pituitary GPR-54 mRNA and protein, and ovarian ERα mRNA expression. To investigate causes of damage, oxidative damage indicators were tested and showed that exposure to β-CYP and EMB decreased GSH-Px and SOD activities in the HPO axis, increased MDA levels in the hypothalamus and ovary together with LDH activities in the HPO axis, with an interaction effect on GSH-Px and SOD activities in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland as well as on MDA in the ovary. The above results support the screening of sensitive molecular biomarkers and evaluation of the adverse effects of pesticide exposure in greenhouse operations on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; Peking University Health Science Center-Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xianzhi He
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Bin Sun
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Nannan Hu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ruolan You
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Feiyan Tao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang 261011, China.
| | - Qingfeng Zhai
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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4
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Gu J, Guo L, Hu J, Ji G, Yin D. Potential adverse outcome pathway (AOP) of emamectin benzoate mediated cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165787. [PMID: 37499828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is an efficient insecticide which widely used as an anthelmintic drug additive in aquaculture fish. However, its extensive use has resulted in widespread pollution in the aquatic environment. Previous studies have identified the potential developmental and neurotoxic effects of EMB, however, systematic studies pertaining to the cardiovascular toxic effects of EMB on fish are scarce. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to EMB at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L for 3 days, aiming to investigate the cardiovascular toxic effects of EMB via examining morphology, cardiac function, and vascular development phenotypes. It revealed that EMB exposure led to marked deteriorated effects, including adverse effects on mortality, hatching rate, and general morphological traits, such as malformation, heart rate, body length, and eye area, in zebrafish embryos/larvae. Furthermore, EMB exposure resulted in abnormal cardiac function and vascular development, triggering neutrophil migration and aggregation toward the pericardial and dorsal vascular regions, and finalized apoptosis in the zebrafish heart region, these phenomena were further deciperred by the transcriptome analysis that the Toll-like receptor pathway, P53 pathway, and apoptotic pathway were significantly affected by EMB exposure. Moreover, the molecular docking and aspirin anti-inflammatory rescue assays indicated that TLR2 and TLR4 might be the potential targets of EMB. Taken together, our study provides preliminary evidence that EMB may induce apoptosis by affecting inflammatory signaling pathways and eventually lead to abnormal cardiovascular development in zebrafish. This study provides a simple toxicological AOP framework for safe pesticide use and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Liguo Guo
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Guixiang Ji
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Bi Y, Li X, Wei H, Xu S. Resveratrol improves emamectin benzoate-induced pyroptosis and inflammation of Ctenopharyngodon idellus hepatic cells by alleviating oxidative stress/endoplasmic reticulum stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109148. [PMID: 37805109 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is the most widely used pesticide in the world and contributes to water pollution. Owing to the lack of a specific antidote, EMB has a severe negative impact on the health of aquatic organisms. Resveratrol (RES), a substance with antioxidant capacity, is secreted by the fruits of many plants. This study was to explore the protection of RES against EMB-induced pyroptosis and inflammatory response in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) hepatic liver (L8824) cells by oxidative stress/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The results showed that compared to the CON group, EMB induced oxidative stress in L8824 cells with the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and the decrease of total superoxide dismutase (t-sod) and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activities (P < 0.05). In addition, EMB triggered ERS, increasing the relative mRNA expression of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (perk), inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (ire1α), glucose-regulated protein 78 (grp78), activating transcription factor 4 (atf4), activating transcription factor 6 (atf6), and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (chop) and the protein expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eif2α), chop, atf6, and atf4. Meanwhile, EMB further induced pyroptosis by upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of nlrp3, aptamer protein (asc), caspase-1, gsdmd, interleukin-1β (il-1β), and interleukin-18 (il-18). EMB also induced inflammation in L8824 cells by increasing the mRNA expression of interleukin-2 (il-2), interleukin-6 (il-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), and ifn-γ and decreasing the content of interleukin-10 (il-10). However, compared to the EMB group, the oxidant indices and expression of genes related to ER stress, pyroptosis, and pro-inflammatory factors were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05), whereas the antioxidant indicators and anti-inflammatory factor were significantly up-regulated in the EMB + RES group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, EMB caused hepatocytes pyroptosis and inflammation in grass carp, and RES could alleviate EMB-induced pyroptosis and inflammation in L8824 cells by ameliorating oxidative stress/ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Haidong Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Joseph DK, Mat Ludin AF, Ibrahim FW, Ahmadazam A, Che Roos NA, Shahar S, Rajab NF. Effects of aerobic exercise and dietary flavonoids on cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1216948. [PMID: 37664425 PMCID: PMC10468597 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1216948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Studies have shown that exercise increases angiogenesis and perfusion in the hippocampus, activates neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and increases synaptic plasticity, as well as increases the complexity and number of dendritic spines, all of which promote memory function and protect against cognitive decline. Flavonoids are gaining attention as antioxidants in health promotion due to their rich phenolic content, particularly for their modulating role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite this, there has been no comprehensive review of cognitive improvement supplemented with flavonoid and prescribed with exercise or a combination of the two interventions has been conducted. The purpose of this review is to determine whether a combined intervention produces better results when given together than when given separately. Methods: Relevant articles assessing the effect of physical exercise, flavonoid or in combination on cognitive related biomarkers and neurobehavioral assessments within the timeline of January 2011 until June 2023 were searched using three databases; PubMed, PROQUEST and SCOPUS. Results: A total of 705 articles were retrieved and screened, resulting in 108 studies which are in line with the objective of the current study were included in the analysis. Discussion: The selected studies have shown significant desired effect on the chosen biomarkers and neurobehavioral assessments. Systematic Review Registration: identifier: [CRD42021271001].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren Kumar Joseph
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farah Wahida Ibrahim
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amalina Ahmadazam
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Che Roos
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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7
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Wei Z, Wang W, Feng H, Xu W, Tao L, Li Z, Zhang Y, Shao X. Investigation on the immunotoxicity induced by Emamectin benzoate on THP-1 macrophages based on metabolomics analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1053-1062. [PMID: 36896474 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is an insecticide extensively used in agricultural area. Assessing the toxic effects of EMB in mammals or humans and its endogenous metabolites alteration are the appropriate means of evaluating its risks to human health. In the study, THP-1 macrophage, a human immune model, was applied to investigate the immunotoxicity of EMB. A global metabolomics approach was developed to analyze metabolic perturbation on macrophages and discover the potential biomarkers of EMB-induced immunotoxicity. The results indicated that EMB could inhibit immune functions of macrophages. Based on metabolomics analysis, our results illustrated that EMB caused significant alterations in metabolic profiles on macrophages. 22 biomarkers associated with immune response were screened by pattern recognition and multivariate statistical analysis. Furthermore, pathway analysis identified purine metabolism was the most relevant pathway in the metabolic process and the abnormal conversion of AMP to xanthosine regulated by NT5E might be a potential mechanism of immunotoxicity induced by EMB. Our study provides important insights for understanding and underlying mechanism of immunotoxicity exposed to EMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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8
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Tekeli MY, Eraslan G, Bayram LÇ, Aslan C, Çalımlı S. The protective effects of baicalin and chrysin against emamectin benzoate-induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53997-54021. [PMID: 36869176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of baicalin, chrysin and their combinations against emamectin benzoate-induced toxicity in rats. For this purpose, sixty four rats were divided into evenly 8 groups with 6-8-week-old male Wistar albino rats, weighing 180-250 g, in each group. While the first group was kept as a control (corn oil), the remaining 7 groups were administered with emamectin benzoate (10 mg/kg bw), baicalin (50 mg/kg bw) and chrysin (50 mg/kg bw) alone or together for 28 days. Oxidative stress parameters, serum biochemical parameters and blood/tissue (liver, kidney, brain, testis and heart) and tissue histopathology were investigated. Compared to the control group, the emamectin benzoate-intoxicated rats had significantly higher tissue/plasma concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as lower tissue glutathione (GSH) concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase/GSH-Px, glutathione reductase/GR, glutathione-S-transferase/GST, superoxide dismutase/SOD, catalase/CAT). Biochemical analysis showed that emamectin benzoate administration significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, as well as triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid and urea levels, and decreased serum total protein and albumin levels. The histopathological examination of the liver, kidney, brain, heart and testis tissues of the emamectin benzoate-intoxicated rats demonstrated necrotic changes. Baicalin and/or chrysin reversed the biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by emamectin benzoate on these tested organs. Therefore, baicalin and chrysin (alone or in combination) could offer protection against emamectin benzoate-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Yasin Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Latife Çakır Bayram
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Coşkun Aslan
- Derinkuyu Emineana and Yaşar Ertaş Agriculture and Livestock Vocational School, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Çalımlı
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Health Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Noshy PA, Yasin NAE, Rashad MM, Shehata AM, Salem FMS, El-Saied EM, Mahmoud MY. Zinc nanoparticles ameliorate oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by silver nanoparticles in the brain of male rats. Neurotoxicology 2023; 95:193-204. [PMID: 36796650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the possible ameliorative role of zinc nanoparticles (Zn NPs) against silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)-induced oxidative and apoptotic brain damage in adult male rats. Twenty-four mature Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: control group, Ag NPs group, Zn NPs group, and Ag NPs + Zn NPs group. Rats were exposed to Ag NPs (50 mg/kg) and/or Zn NPs (30 mg/kg) daily by oral gavage for 12 weeks. The results revealed that exposure to Ag NPs significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, decreased catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities, downregulated the relative mRNA expression of antioxidant-related genes (Nrf-2 and SOD), and upregulated the relative mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9) in the brain tissue. Furthermore, severe neuropathological lesions with a substantial increase in the caspase 3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity were observed in the cerebrum and cerebellum of Ag NPs-exposed rats. Conversely, co-administration of Zn NPs with Ag NPs significantly ameliorated most of these neurotoxic effects. Collectively, Zn NPs can be used as a potent prophylactic agent against Ag NPs-induced oxidative and apoptotic neural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Noshy
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Noha A E Yasin
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Rashad
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M Shehata
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Fatma M S Salem
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eiman M El-Saied
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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10
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Wei Z, Wang W, Fu W, Zhang P, Feng H, Xu W, Tao L, Li Z, Zhang Y, Shao X. The potential immunotoxicity of emamectin benzoate on the human THP-1 macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:500-510. [PMID: 36269090 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) as one of the typical biological pesticides has a wide range of applications in agriculture. However, the immune toxic effects of EMB in human received limited attention. In our study, THP-1 macrophage as an in vitro model was used to evaluate immune functions exposed to EMB. We observed that EMB inhibited phagocytic activity and respiratory burst capacity of macrophages without inducing cellular toxicity, implying the potential immunosuppression. Besides, EMB disturbed the cytokines balance embodied in the increase of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL27, CXCL8 mRNA expression and the decrease of IL-4, IL-13, IL-10 mRNA expression. EMB could exhibit pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages and promote the conversion of macrophages to M1 phenotype. Moreover, NF-κB pathway involved in regulating immune function from KEGG pathway analysis. EMB exposure could activate the NF-κB pathway in THP-1 macrophages by exploring the critical proteins. This research provided insights on immunotoxicity evaluation and clarified EMB-induced immunotoxicity was related to NF-κB pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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11
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Li X, Huang W, Tan R, Xu C, Chen X, Li S, Liu Y, Qiu H, Cao H, Cheng Q. The benefits of hesperidin in central nervous system disorders, based on the neuroprotective effect. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114222. [PMID: 36628819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of central nervous system (CNS) disorders are considered serious health issues. The most common CNS diseases include neurodegenerative diseases, mental disorders, demyelinating disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and neuroinflammation. As a natural phenolic compound, hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside with various biological effects. Increasing evidence show that the growth of CNS diseases is hindered by hesperidin. Here, we have reviewed the related literature on neuropharmacological mechanisms for the preventive and therapeutic effects of hesperidin on CNS diseases. Several cellular and animal models have been developed to evaluate the underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms of hesperidin. Additionally, clinical evidence has confirmed its neuroprotective function. Hesperidin exerts its neuroprotective properties by decreasing neuro-inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Hesperidin function has been studied in preclinical models for CNS diseases, but little is known about its definite effect in humans. Hesperidin can effectively alleviate depression and improve cognition and memory. It is urgent to explore and discover clinical trials for further confirmation of the neuroprotective efficacy of hesperidin and to evaluate its safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rongrong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Caijuan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sixin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiwen Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China.
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12
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Gu J, Guo L, Zhu Y, Qian L, Shi L, Zhang H, Ji G. Neurodevelopmental Toxicity of Emamectin Benzoate to the Early Life Stage of Zebrafish Larvae ( Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043757. [PMID: 36835165 PMCID: PMC9964762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is a widely used pesticide and feed additive in agriculture and aquaculture. It easily enters the aquatic environment through various pathways, thus causing adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, there are no systematic studies regarding the effects of EMB on the developmental neurotoxicity of aquatic organisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the neurotoxic effects and mechanisms of EMB at different concentrations (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 μg/mL) using zebrafish as a model. The results showed that EMB significantly inhibited the hatching rate, spontaneous movement, body length, and swim bladder development of zebrafish embryos, as well as significantly increased the malformation rate of zebrafish larvae. In addition, EMB adversely affected the axon length of motor neurons in Tg (hb9: eGFP) zebrafish and central nervous system (CNS) neurons in Tg (HuC: eGFP) zebrafish and significantly inhibited the locomotor behavior of zebrafish larvae. Meanwhile, EMB induced oxidative damage and was accompanied by increasing reactive oxygen species in the brains of zebrafish larvae. In addition, gene expression involvement in oxidative stress-related (cat, sod and Cu/Zn-sod), GABA neural pathway-related (gat1, gabra1, gad1b, abat and glsa), neurodevelopmental-related (syn2a, gfap, elavl3, shha, gap43 and Nrd) and swim bladder development-related (foxa3, pbxla, mnx1, has2 and elovlla) genes was significantly affected by EMB exposure. In conclusion, our study shows that exposure to EMB during the early life stages of zebrafish significantly increases oxidative damage and inhibits early central neuronal development, motor neuron axon growth and swim bladder development, ultimately leading to neurobehavioral changes in juvenile zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Liguo Guo
- Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southen China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lingling Qian
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Huanchao Zhang
- Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southen China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (G.J.)
| | - Guixiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (G.J.)
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13
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Bellavite P. Neuroprotective Potentials of Flavonoids: Experimental Studies and Mechanisms of Action. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020280. [PMID: 36829840 PMCID: PMC9951959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those related to aging, are on the rise, but drug therapies are rarely curative. Functional disorders and the organic degeneration of nervous tissue often have complex causes, in which phenomena of oxidative stress, inflammation and cytotoxicity are intertwined. For these reasons, the search for natural substances that can slow down or counteract these pathologies has increased rapidly over the last two decades. In this paper, studies on the neuroprotective effects of flavonoids (especially the two most widely used, hesperidin and quercetin) on animal models of depression, neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease are reviewed. The literature on these topics amounts to a few hundred publications on in vitro and in vivo models (notably in rodents) and provides us with a very detailed picture of the action mechanisms and targets of these substances. These include the decrease in enzymes that produce reactive oxygen and ferroptosis, the inhibition of mono-amine oxidases, the stimulation of the Nrf2/ARE system, the induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor production and, in the case of AD, the prevention of amyloid-beta aggregation. The inhibition of neuroinflammatory processes has been documented as a decrease in cytokine formation (mainly TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) by microglia and astrocytes, by modulating a number of regulatory proteins such as Nf-kB and NLRP3/inflammasome. Although clinical trials on humans are still scarce, preclinical studies allow us to consider hesperidin, quercetin, and other flavonoids as very interesting and safe dietary molecules to be further investigated as complementary treatments in order to prevent neurodegenerative diseases or to moderate their deleterious effects.
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Abdelrahman RE, Khalaf AAA, Elhady MA, Ibrahim MA, Hassanen EI, Noshy PA. Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of quercetin against ochratoxin A-induced nephrotoxicity in broiler chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103982. [PMID: 36179809 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is produced by the fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium. The flavonoid quercetin (QUE) is distinguished by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. This study was designed to determine whether QUE can protect broiler chickens against OTA-induced nephrotoxicity. Forty broiler chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups: control, OTA, QUE, and OTA + QUE. For 6 weeks, OTA (0.5 mg/kg) and/or QUE (0.5 g/kg) were added to the diet of chickens. The results demonstrated that OTA exposure increased serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen. OTA exposure also increased renal malondialdehyde content but decreased renal antioxidants. OTA-exposed chickens exhibited multiple pathological kidney lesions. Moreover, OTA exposure induced apoptosis in renal tissue, which was manifested by the up-regulation of proapoptotic genes and down-regulation of antiapoptotic genes via the suppression of the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, coadministration of QUE and OTA mitigated most of these nephrotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab E Abdelrahman
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdel Azeim A Khalaf
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elhady
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Peter A Noshy
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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15
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Abd-Eltawab Tammam A, A. Khalaf AA, R. Zaki A, Mansour Khalifa M, A. Ibrahim M, M. Mekkawy A, E. Abdelrahman R, Farghali A, A. Noshy P. Hesperidin protects rats’ liver and kidney from oxidative damage and physiological disruption induced by nickel oxide nanoparticles. Front Physiol 2022; 13:912625. [PMID: 36338490 PMCID: PMC9626958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.912625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) have recently been utilized in various advanced industrial fields like lithium-ion micro batteries, nanofibers, electrochromic devices, and several biomedical applications. NiO-NPs are classified as extremely toxic substances as they can cause long-term harm to the environment and aquatic life. Moreover, frequent and prolonged exposure can affect human and animal health, causing skin allergies and major toxic consequences, such as hepatorenal toxicity. Hesperidin (HSP) has been proven to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and free radical scavenging activities. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the underlying protective mechanisms and effects of HSP against NiO-NPs-induced hepatorenal toxicities in rats. Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 in each). The first group served as a Control group. For 8 weeks, the second group was administered NiO-NPs (100 mg/kg/day), and the third group was given HSP (100 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage for both groups. The fourth group received NiO-NPs and HSP concurrently in the same oral daily doses and duration as the second and third groups. Results: NiO-NPs administration revealed a significant increase in plasma biomarkers of nephrotoxicity (urea, creatinine) and hepatotoxicity (ALT, AST) in NiO-NPs group compared to Control group (p < 0.05). In addition, NiO-NPs administration resulted in a substantial increase in malondialdehyde levels with a significant drop in catalase activity and GSH content in Group II. Also, a significant decreased expression of Nrf-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA levels and upregulation of TNF-α, NF-kβ and BAX in the liver and kidney of NiO-NPs group were also detected. Histologically, the liver and kidney of rats of NiO-NPs group showed significant histopathological disturbances, with a substantial increase in the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive hepatocytes and renal tubular cells in the NiO-NPs group compared to Control and HSP groups (p < 0.05). In contrast, concomitant administration of HSP with NiO-NPs in group IV showed a significant biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical improvement compared to NiO-NPs group. Conclusion: Co-administration of HSP with NiO-NPs significantly ameliorated most of the NiO-NPs-induced hepatorenal toxicities in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abd-Eltawab Tammam
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Abd-Eltawab Tammam,
| | - Abdel Azeim A. Khalaf
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr R. Zaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mansour Khalifa
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa A. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aya M. Mekkawy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab E. Abdelrahman
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Peter A. Noshy
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Zhang T, Dong Z, Liu F, Pan E, He N, Ma F, Wang G, Wang Y, Dong J. Avermectin induces carp neurotoxicity by mediating blood-brain barrier dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis through PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113961. [PMID: 35969982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Avermectin, a "low toxicity insecticide", has been widely used in recent years, but its non-target toxicity, especially to aquatic organisms, has been neglected. In this study, we evaluated the neurotoxic effects of avermectin on carp by establishing a 96 h avermectin acute toxicity test, and its possible mechanism was discussed. The 96 h LC50 of avermectin in carp was found to be 24.04 μg/L. Therefore, 3.005 μg/L and 12.02 μg/L were used as the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively, to investigate the neurotoxic effects of avermectin on carp. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that avermectin accumulated in the carp brain. Histopathological observation and immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) of TNF-α and Bax showed that avermectin exposure led to inflammatory cell infiltration and neuronal necrosis. The mRNA levels of tight junction genes and the IHC results of ZO-1 and Occludin showed that the structure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was destroyed. Biochemical analysis showed that avermectin induced the accumulation of MDA in the brain and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD, leading to oxidative stress. In addition, avermectin induces brain inflammation by activating NF-κB pathway and releasing inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and iNOS. TEM and TUNEL assays showed that exposure to avermectin induced apoptosis in brain. what is more, the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins suggested that avermectin-induced apoptosis may be associated with inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study also showed that avermectin-induced NF-κB signaling activation was partially dependent on its upstream PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, this study concludes that avermectin can induce neurotoxicity in carp by disrupting the blood-brain barrier structure and generating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and that NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways are involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Zhuhua Dong
- Deapartment of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Feixue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Enzhuang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Nana He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Guanglu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China.
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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17
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Karhib MM, El-Sayed RA, Ghanem NF, El-Demerdash FM. Nephroprotective role of Echinacea purpurea against potassium dichromate-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2324-2334. [PMID: 35670025 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium compounds, especially hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], is widely recognized as a potential nephrotoxic in humans and animals. Its toxicity is associated with the overproduction of free radicals, which induces oxidative damage. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is an herbaceous perennial plant rich in phenolic components and frequently used for its medicinal benefits. The current work evaluated the effectiveness of E. purpurea (EP) against oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity induced by potassium dichromate in male rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, E. purpurea (EP; 50 mg/kg; once daily for 3 weeks), hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI); 15 mg/kg; single intraperitoneal dose), and EP + Cr(VI) where rats were pretreated with EP for 3 weeks before receiving CrVI, respectively. Results revealed that rats exposed to Cr(VI) showed a significant increase in PC, TBARS, and H2 O2 , kidney function biomarkers (Urea, creatinine, and uric acid), lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH), TNF-α, IL-18, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor-1) levels as well as a considerable decline in metallothionein (MT), glutathione (GSH) content, enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and protein content. Cr(VI) induced apoptosis in kidney tissues as revealed by upregulation of Bax and caspase 3 and downregulation of Bcl-2. Furthermore, EP treatment ameliorated the Cr(VI)-induced histopathological and ultrastructure variations of kidney tissue, which was confirmed by the biochemical and molecular data. It is clear from the results of this study that EP exerts nephroprotective effects by improving the redox state, suppressing inflammatory reaction and cell apoptosis as well as ameliorating the performance of kidney tissue architecture, which is eventually reflected by the improvement of kidney function in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M Karhib
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technique, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Raghda A El-Sayed
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nora F Ghanem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr ElSheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | - Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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18
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Liaqat H, Parveen A, Kim SY. Neuroprotective Natural Products’ Regulatory Effects on Depression via Gut–Brain Axis Targeting Tryptophan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163270. [PMID: 36014776 PMCID: PMC9413544 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
L-tryptophan (Trp) contributes to regulating bilateral communication of the gut–brain axis. It undergoes three major metabolic pathways, which lead to formation of kynurenine, serotonin (5-HT), and indole derivatives (under the control of the microbiota). Metabolites from the principal Trp pathway, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid, exhibit neuroprotective activity, while picolinic acid exhibits antioxidant activity, and 5-HT modulates appetite, sleep cycle, and pain. Abnormality in Trp plays crucial roles in diseases, including depression, colitis, ulcer, and gut microbiota-related dysfunctions. To address these diseases, the use of natural products could be a favorable alternative because they are a rich source of compounds that can modulate the activity of Trp and combat various diseases through modulating different signaling pathways, including the gut microbiota, kynurenine pathway, and serotonin pathway. Alterations in the signaling cascade pathways via different phytochemicals may help us explore the deep relationships of the gut–brain axis to study neuroprotection. This review highlights the roles of natural products and their metabolites targeting Trp in different diseases. Additionally, the role of Trp metabolites in the regulation of neuroprotective and gastroprotective activities is discussed. This study compiles the literature on novel, potent neuroprotective agents and their action mechanisms in the gut–brain axis and proposes prospective future studies to identify more pharmaceuticals based on signaling pathways targeting Trp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Liaqat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Amna Parveen
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University Medical Campus, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.P.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University Medical Campus, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.P.); (S.Y.K.)
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19
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Lu J, Wang W, Xu W, Zhang C, Zhang C, Tao L, Li Z, Zhang Y. Induction of developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos by Emamectin benzoate through oxidative stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:154040. [PMID: 35196543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is a widely used pesticide in agriculture, but its potential risks to the environment and health have not been fully evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of Emamectin benzoate using zebrafish model, and found that it affected early embryonic development, such as malformations and delayed hatching. Mechanistically, Emamectin benzoate increased oxidative stress by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abnormal activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, Emamectin benzoate exposure caused abnormalities in zebrafish heart morphology and function, such as long SV-BA distance and slow heart rate. Alterations were induced in the transcription of heart development-related genes (nkx2.5, tbx5, gata4 and myl7). In summary, our data showed that Emamectin benzoate induces developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity in zebrafish. Our research provides new evidence on the Emamectin benzoate's toxicity and potential risk in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chenggong Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Science Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau, Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Public Security, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Alterations in reproductive parameters and steroid biosynthesis induced by nickel oxide nanoparticles in male rats: The ameliorative effect of hesperidin. Toxicology 2022; 473:153208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Bragante W, Sinhorin VDG, Sugui MM, da Cunha APS, Dos Santos WB, Sinhorin AP. In vivo mutagenic effects and oxidative stress parameters evaluation of cypermethrin and benzoate of emamectin and their mixtures in female mice. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:211-219. [PMID: 35240941 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2045841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the biological effects of ingestion by gavage, for 28 days, of the pesticides cypermethrin (CP) and emamectin benzoate (EB) and their mixtures in female Swiss mice. The groups were Control (water); CP; EB and three distinct concentrations of CP and EB mixture expressed in mg/kg/day. The biological effects were analyzed in the complete blood count and plasma (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine); the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS); reduced glutathione (GSH); catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)), and bone marrow cells obtained from the femur for the micronucleus (MN) test. In the heart, there was a reduction in GSH in the groups (0.5 + 0.67 and 2.5 + 3.37), although in the brain this effect appeared for the other groups, except EB. Brain TBARS increased in CP and in the group (2.5 + 3.37) and platelets increased in the group (12.5 + 16.87). Genotoxic/mutagenic effects, showing a consistent increase dose-dependent effect on micronucleus counting for in the female mice. After 28 days of treatment, we can observe that the pesticide mixtures promoted genotoxic damage and oxidative brain damage in female mice, which can damage the health of these animals and possibly their future offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Bragante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais; Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Laboratórios Integrados de Pesquisa em Ciências Químicas (LIPEQ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Câmpus de Sinop, Brazil
| | - Valéria Dornelles Gindri Sinhorin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais; Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Laboratórios Integrados de Pesquisa em Ciências Químicas (LIPEQ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Câmpus de Sinop, Brazil
| | - Marina Mariko Sugui
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais; Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Laboratórios Integrados de Pesquisa em Ciências Químicas (LIPEQ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Câmpus de Sinop, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Simões da Cunha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais; Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Laboratórios Integrados de Pesquisa em Ciências Químicas (LIPEQ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Câmpus de Sinop, Brazil
| | | | - Adilson Paulo Sinhorin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais; Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Laboratórios Integrados de Pesquisa em Ciências Químicas (LIPEQ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Câmpus de Sinop, Brazil
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22
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Shehata AM, Salem FMS, El-Saied EM, Abd El-Rahman SS, Mahmoud MY, Noshy PA. Evaluation of the Ameliorative Effect of Zinc Nanoparticles against Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Toxicity in Liver and Kidney of Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1201-1211. [PMID: 33855683 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have various pharmaceutical and biomedical applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties. Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element, a strong antioxidant, and has a primary role in gene expression, enzymatic reactions, and protein synthesis. The present study aims to explore the toxic effects of Ag-NPs (50 nm) on the liver and kidney of rats and also to evaluate the potential protective effect of Zn-NPs (100 nm) against these adverse effects. Forty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: control group, Ag-NPs group, Zn-NPs group, and Ag-NPs + Zn-NPs group. Ag-NPs (50 mg/kg) and/or Zn-NPs (30 mg/kg) were administered daily by gavage for 90 days. The results showed that exposure to Ag-NPs increased serum ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine. Ag-NPs also induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and increased inflammatory cytokines in hepatic and renal tissues. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed various histological alterations and positive caspase-3 expressions in the liver and kidney following exposure to Ag-NPs. On the other hand, most of these toxic effects were ameliorated by co-administration of Zn-NPs. It was concluded that Ag-NPs have hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in rats via different mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and that Zn-NPs can be used to alleviate these harmful effects by their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Shehata
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma M S Salem
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eiman M El-Saied
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Peter A Noshy
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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23
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Temiz Ö. In vivo neurotoxic effects of emamectin benzoate in male mice: evaluation with enzymatic and biomolecular multi-biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8921-8932. [PMID: 34498180 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of the toxic effects of emamectin benzoate (EMB) was conducted in male mice. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups; control group, EMB25 group (1/30 LD50 = 25 mg/kg/day), EMB50 group (1/15 LD50 = 50 mg/kg/day), and EMB100 group (1/7.5 LD50 = 100 mg/kg/day). Control group received water (placebo), and EMB groups were administered by oral gavage for 14 days. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels, and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPases) enzymes, which are ion transport enzymes (Na+/K+ ATPase, Ca+2 ATPase, Mg+2 ATPase), acetylcholinesterase (AChE, neurotoxicity biomarker), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activities (inflammatory biomarker), were measured by spectrophotometric methods. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level (8-OHdG, DNA oxidation biomarker) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA) technique. The results showed a decrease in SOD, CAT and GPx enzyme activities in the brain tissue and an increase in GST enzyme activity in the EMB groups compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the enzyme activities of the ion transport enzymes Na+/K+ ATPase, Ca+2 ATPase, and Mg+2 ATPase, and AChE enzyme activity showed significant inhibition. In addition, MPO enzyme activity, 8-OHdG, PC, and TBARS levels were increased. The results showed that dose-dependent EMB exposure induced different physiological processes with enzymatic and biomolecular multi-biomarkers in the brain tissue of male mice and caused neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Temiz
- Vocational School of Health Services, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000, Osmaniye, Turkey.
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He X, Tu Y, Song Y, Yang G, You M. The relationship between pesticide exposure during critical neurodevelopment and autism spectrum disorder: A narrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111902. [PMID: 34416252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural pesticides have been one of the most extensively used compounds throughout the world. The main sources of contamination for humans are dietary intake and occupational exposure. The impairments caused by agricultural pesticide exposure have been a significant global public health problem. Recent studies have shown that low-level agricultural pesticide exposure during the critical period of neurodevelopment (pregnancy and lactation) is closely related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, gut microbiota, neural dendrite morphology, synaptic function, and glial cells are targets for the effects of pesticides during nervous system development. In the present review, we summarize the associations between several highly used and frequently studied pesticides (e.g., glyphosate, chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, and avermectins) and ASD. We also discusse future epidemiological and toxicological research directions on the relationship between pesticides and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu He
- School of Public Heath, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Ying Tu
- School of Public Heath, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Yawen Song
- School of Public Heath, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Guanghong Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China.
| | - Mingdan You
- School of Public Heath, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China.
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