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Jang S, Jang S, Kim J, Park W. Multi-tissue transcriptome analysis to identify candidate genes associated with weight regulation in Hanwoo cattle. Front Genet 2024; 14:1304638. [PMID: 38264212 PMCID: PMC10803631 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1304638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
While genetic markers related to meat production traits have been identified in many other cattle breeds, research on weight in Hanwoo cattle (Korean native cattle) is still insufficient. In this study, we performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and differential gene expression analysis to detect candidate genes influencing the weight characteristics of 32 castrated Hanwoo cattle across 22 tissues and, we identified variants that affect gene expression levels. In total, we identified a total of 3,298 differentially expressed genes, among which we discovered key genes such as UBD, RGS2, FASN, and SCD that have functions related to adipogenesis, body weight, obesity, and lipid metabolism. Gene-set enrichment analysis revealed that candidate genes in adipose tissue are involved in metabolic pathways linked to obesity-related traits, adipose metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Additionally, we found that decreased expression of TRIM31 contributes to weight gain which can be explained by the associated candidate cis-eQTL genotypes for TRIM31 and their effect on differential gene expression between the lower and higher weight groups. Our findings revealed candidate genes associated with the weight of Hanwoo cattle and perhaps can provide comprehensive insights into the association of weight with various tissues beyond adipose tissue and muscle, indicating the potential for expanding the focus of livestock trait research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Jang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunsik Jang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woncheoul Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
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2
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Manzano MA, Strong DR, Rhee KE, Liang J, Boutelle KN. Discordance between assessments of food cue responsiveness: Implications for assessment in youth with overweight/obesity. Appetite 2023; 186:106575. [PMID: 37100119 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Food cue responsiveness (FCR), broadly defined as behavioral, cognitive, emotional and/or physiological responses to external appetitive cues outside of physiological need, contributes to overeating and obesity among youth and adults. A variety of measures purportedly assess this construct, ranging from youth- or parent-report surveys to objective eating tasks. However, little research has assessed their convergence. It is especially important to evaluate this in children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB), as reliable and valid assessments of FCR are essential to better understand the role of this critical mechanism in behavioral interventions. The present study examined the relationship between five measures of FCR in a sample of 111 children with OW/OB (mean age = 10.6, mean BMI percentile = 96.4; 70% female; 68% white; 23% Latinx). Assessments included: objectively measured eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), parasympathetic activity when exposed to food, parent reported food responsiveness subscale from the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ-FR), child self-reported Power of Food total score (C-PFS), and child self-reported Food Cravings Questionnaire total score (FCQ-T). Statistically significant spearman correlations were found between EAH and CEBQ-FR (ρ = 0.19, p < 0.05) and parasympathetic reactivity to food cues with both C-PFS (ρ = -0.32, p = 0.002) and FCQ-T (ρ = -0.34, p < 0.001). No other associations were statistically significant. These relationships remained significant in subsequent linear regression models controlling for child age and gender. The lack of concordance between measures assessing highly conceptually related constructs is of concern. Future studies should seek to elucidate a clear operationalization of FCR, examine the associations between FCR assessments in children and adolescents with a range of weight statuses, and evaluate how to best revise these measures to accurately reflect the latent construct being assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Manzano
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States; University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, United States.
| | - David R Strong
- University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, United States
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, United States
| | - June Liang
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, United States
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, United States; University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, United States; University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, United States
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3
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Ding M, Zheng L, Li QF, Wang WL, Peng WD, Zhou M. Exercise-Training Regulates Apolipoprotein B in Drosophila to Improve HFD-Mediated Cardiac Function Damage and Low Exercise Capacity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:650959. [PMID: 34305631 PMCID: PMC8294119 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.650959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B plays an essential role in systemic lipid metabolism, and it is closely related to cardiovascular diseases. Exercise-training can regulate systemic lipid metabolism, improve heart function, and improve exercise capacity, but the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We used a Drosophila model to demonstrate that exercise-training regulates the expression of apoLpp (a homolog of apolipoprotein B) in cardiomyocytes, thereby resisting heart insufficiency and low exercise capacity caused by obesity. The apoLpp is an essential lipid carrier produced in the heart and fat body of Drosophila. In a Drosophila genetic screen, low expression of apoLpp reduced obesity and cardiac dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Cardiac-specific inhibition indicated that reducing apoLpp in the heart during HFD reduced the triglyceride content of the whole-body and reduced heart function damage caused by HFD. In exercise-trained flies, the result was similar to the knockdown effect of apoLpp. Therefore, the inhibition of apoLpp plays an important role in HFD-induced cardiac function impairment and low exercise capacity. Although the apoLpp knockdown of cardiomyocytes alleviated damage to heart function, it did not reduce the arrhythmia and low exercise capacity caused by HFD. Exercise-training can improve this condition more effectively, and the possible reason for this difference is that exercise-training regulates climbing ability in ways to promote metabolism. Exercise-training during HFD feeding can down-regulate the expression of apoLpp, reduce the whole-body TG levels, improve cardiac recovery, and improve exercise capacity. Exercise-training can downregulate the expression of apoLpp in cardiomyocytes to resist cardiac function damage and low exercise capacity caused by HFD. The results revealed the relationship between exercise-training and apoLpp and their essential roles in regulating heart function and climbing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wan Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wan Da Peng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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4
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Sung H, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Pearson-Stuttard J, Islami F, Fedewa SA, Goding Sauer A, Shuval K, Gapstur SM, Jacobs EJ, Giovannucci EL, Jemal A. Global patterns in excess body weight and the associated cancer burden. CA Cancer J Clin 2019; 69:88-112. [PMID: 30548482 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of excess body weight and the associated cancer burden have been rising over the past several decades globally. Between 1975 and 2016, the prevalence of excess body weight in adults-defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 -increased from nearly 21% in men and 24% in women to approximately 40% in both sexes. Notably, the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ) quadrupled in men, from 3% to 12%, and more than doubled in women, from 7% to 16%. This change, combined with population growth, resulted in a more than 6-fold increase in the number of obese adults, from 100 to 671 million. The largest absolute increase in obesity occurred among men and boys in high-income Western countries and among women and girls in Central Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. The simultaneous rise in excess body weight in almost all countries is thought to be driven largely by changes in the global food system, which promotes energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods, alongside reduced opportunities for physical activity. In 2012, excess body weight accounted for approximately 3.9% of all cancers (544,300 cases) with proportion varying from less than 1% in low-income countries to 7% or 8% in some high-income Western countries and in Middle Eastern and Northern African countries. The attributable burden by sex was higher for women (368,500 cases) than for men (175,800 cases). Given the pandemic proportion of excess body weight in high-income countries and the increasing prevalence in low- and middle-income countries, the global cancer burden attributable to this condition is likely to increase in the future. There is emerging consensus on opportunities for obesity control through the multisectoral coordinated implementation of core policy actions to promote an environment conducive to a healthy diet and active living. The rapid increase in both the prevalence of excess body weight and the associated cancer burden highlights the need for a rejuvenated focus on identifying, implementing, and evaluating interventions to prevent and control excess body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Sung
- Principal Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Scientific Director, Scientist Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lindsey A Torre
- Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Scientist, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Farhad Islami
- Scientific Director, Scientist Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Stacey A Fedewa
- Senior Principal Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ann Goding Sauer
- Senior Associate Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kerem Shuval
- Senior Principal Scientist, Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Economic and Health Policy Research Program, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Senior Vice President, Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Senior Scientific Director, Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Professor, Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Scientific Vice President, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
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Mussi RFDF, Queiroz BMD, Petróski EL. Excesso de peso e fatores associados em quilomboras do médio São Francisco baiano, Brasil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:1193-1200. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018234.03662016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a prevalência do excesso de peso e os fatores associados em adultos de comunidade quilombola do médio São Francisco baiano. Estudo transversal com amostra de 112 adultos. O excesso de peso foi avaliado pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC). A regressão linear foi usada para testar as associações, conforme modelo hierárquico de análise. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 27,7% (Intervalo de Confiança de 95% - IC95%: 19,3;36,1), com IMC médio de 23,1(± 3,8) Kg/m2, na análise múltipla permaneceram associados (p < 0,05) o sexo feminino, autoavaliação negativa de saúde e aumento da pressão arterial média (R2 ajustado 0,326). O aumento do IMC entre os quilombolas se associou com sexo feminino, autoavaliação negativa de saúde e maiores níveis pressóricos médios.
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Sheikh AB, Nasrullah A, Haq S, Akhtar A, Ghazanfar H, Nasir A, Afzal RM, Bukhari MM, Chaudhary AY, Naqvi SW. The Interplay of Genetics and Environmental Factors in the Development of Obesity. Cureus 2017; 9:e1435. [PMID: 28924523 PMCID: PMC5587406 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health issue in the developed nations, and it has been increasingly clear that both genetics and environment play an important role in determining if an individual will be obese or not. We reviewed the latest researches which were carried out to identify the obesity susceptible genes and to identify the metabolic pathways having a central role in energy balance. Obesity is a heritable disorder, and some of the many obesity susceptible genes are fat mass and obesity (FTO), leptin, and Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). Glucose metabolism is the central pathway for fatty acid synthesis, de novo generating the major substrate acetyl-CoA. Further knowledge of these genes and their complex interaction with the environment will help devise individual, family and community-based preventive lifestyle interventions as well as nutritional and medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeel Nasrullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shifa International Hospital
| | - Shujaul Haq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shifa International Hospital
| | - Aisha Akhtar
- Surgery, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center Lubbock
| | | | - Amara Nasir
- Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa International Hospital
| | - Rao M Afzal
- Internal Medicine, Shifa College Of Medicine
| | | | | | - Syed W Naqvi
- Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa International Hospital
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7
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Kaushik P, Anderson JT. Obesity: epigenetic aspects. Biomol Concepts 2017; 7:145-55. [PMID: 27327133 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, defined as inheritable and reversible phenomena that affect gene expression without altering the underlying base pair sequence has been shown to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of obesity. Obesity is associated with extensive gene expression changes in tissues throughout the body. Epigenetics is emerging as perhaps the most important mechanism through which the lifestyle-choices we make can directly influence the genome. Considerable epidemiological, experimental and clinical data have been amassed showing that the risk of developing disease in later life is dependent on early life conditions, mainly operating within the normative range of developmental exposures. In addition to the 'maternal' interactions, there has been increasing interest in the epigenetic mechanisms through which 'paternal' influences on offspring development can be achieved. Nutrition, among many other environmental factors, is a key player that can induce epigenetic changes not only in the directly exposed organisms but also in subsequent generations through the transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic traits. Overall, significant progress has been made in the field of epigenetics and obesity and the first potential epigenetic markers for obesity that could be detected at birth have been identified. Fortunately, epigenetic phenomena are dynamic and rather quickly reversible with intensive lifestyle changes. This is a very promising and sustainable resolution to the obesity pandemic.
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8
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Enhörning S, Sjögren M, Hedblad B, Nilsson PM, Struck J, Melander O. Genetic vasopressin 1b receptor variance in overweight and diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:69-75. [PMID: 26503846 PMCID: PMC4653349 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, imbalance in the vasopressin (AVP) system, measured as elevated levels of copeptin (the C-terminal part of the AVP pro-hormone) in plasma, was linked to the development of abdominal obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Here, we aim to investigate if the genetic variation of the human AVP receptor 1b gene (AVPR1B) is associated with measures of obesity and DM. DESIGN Malmö Diet and Cancer study (MDC) is a population-based prospective cohort examined 1991-1996. METHODS Four tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs35810727, rs28373064, rs35439639, rs35608965) of AVPR1B were genotyped in the cardiovascular cohort (n=6103) of MDC (MDC-CC) and associated with measures of obesity and DM. Significant SNPs were replicated in another 24 344 MDC individuals (MDC replication cohort). RESULTS In MDC-CC, the major allele of rs35810727 was associated with elevated BMI (β-coefficient ± s.e.m.; 0.30 ± 0.14, P=0.03) and waist (0.78 ± 0.36, P=0.03) after age and gender adjustment. The association with BMI was replicated in the MDC replication cohort (0.21 ± 0.07, P=0.003), whereas that with waist was not significant. In MDC-CC there was no association between the major allele of rs35810727 and DM, but in the complete MDC cohort (n=30 447) the major allele of rs35810727 was associated with DM (OR (95% CI); 1.10 (1.00-1.20), P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variance of AVPR1B contributes to overweight. Furthermore, our data indicate a link between AVPR1B variance and DM development. Our data point at a relationship between the disturbance of the pharmacologically modifiable AVP system and the body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Enhörning
- Department of Clinical SciencesClinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Floor 12, SE 205 02 Malmö, SwedenCenter of Emergency MedicineSkåne University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSphingoTec GmbHHohen Neuendorf, Germany Department of Clinical SciencesClinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Floor 12, SE 205 02 Malmö, SwedenCenter of Emergency MedicineSkåne University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSphingoTec GmbHHohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Marketa Sjögren
- Department of Clinical SciencesClinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Floor 12, SE 205 02 Malmö, SwedenCenter of Emergency MedicineSkåne University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSphingoTec GmbHHohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Bo Hedblad
- Department of Clinical SciencesClinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Floor 12, SE 205 02 Malmö, SwedenCenter of Emergency MedicineSkåne University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSphingoTec GmbHHohen Neuendorf, Germany Department of Clinical SciencesClinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Floor 12, SE 205 02 Malmö, SwedenCenter of Emergency MedicineSkåne University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSphingoTec GmbHHohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical SciencesClinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Floor 12, SE 205 02 Malmö, SwedenCenter of Emergency MedicineSkåne University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSphingoTec GmbHHohen Neuendorf, Germany Department of Clinical SciencesClinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Floor 12, SE 205 02 Malmö, SwedenCenter of Emergency MedicineSkåne University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSphingoTec GmbHHohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Struck
- Department of Clinical SciencesClinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Floor 12, SE 205 02 Malmö, SwedenCenter of Emergency MedicineSkåne University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSphingoTec GmbHHohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical SciencesClinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Floor 12, SE 205 02 Malmö, SwedenCenter of Emergency MedicineSkåne University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSphingoTec GmbHHohen Neuendorf, Germany Department of Clinical SciencesClinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Floor 12, SE 205 02 Malmö, SwedenCenter of Emergency MedicineSkåne University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSphingoTec GmbHHohen Neuendorf, Germany
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9
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Abstract
Race/ethnic and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in obesity are substantial and may widen in the future. We review nine potential mechanisms that recent research has used to explain obesity disparities. Those nine mechanisms fall into three broad groups-health behaviors, biological factors, and the social environment-which incorporate both proximate and upstream determinants of obesity disparities. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of obesity in the US population and to close race/ethnic and SES disparities in obesity will likely require the use of multifaceted interventions that target multiple mechanisms simultaneously. Unfortunately, relatively few of the mechanisms reviewed herein have been tested in an intervention framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Krueger
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, Administration Building, 1201 5th Street, Denver, CO, 80217, USA.
| | - Eric N Reither
- Department of Sociology and the Yun Kim Population Research Laboratory, Utah State University, 0730 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
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10
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Thyrotropin and obesity: increased adipose triglyceride content through glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7633. [PMID: 25559747 PMCID: PMC4284501 DOI: 10.1038/srep07633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that thyrotropin (TSH) is positively correlated with the severity of obesity. However, the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that TSH promoted triglyceride (TG) synthesis in differentiated adipocytes in a thyroid hormone-independent manner. Mice with subclinical hypothyroidism, which is characterized by elevated serum TSH but not thyroid hormone levels, demonstrated a 35% increase in the total white adipose mass compared with their wild-type littermates. Interestingly, Tshr KO mice, which had normal thyroid hormone levels after thyroid hormone supplementation, resisted high-fat diet-induced obesity. TSH could directly induce the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate-acyltransferase 3 (GPAT3), the rate-limiting enzyme in TG synthesis, in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, following either the knockdown of Tshr and PPARγ or the constitutive activation of AMPK, the changes to TSH-triggered GPAT3 activity and adipogenesis disappeared. The over-expression of PPARγ or the expression of an AMPK dominant negative mutant reversed the TSH-induced changes. Thus, TSH acted as a previously unrecognized master regulator of adipogenesis, indicating that modification of the AMPK/PPARγ/GPAT3 axis via the TSH receptor might serve as a potential therapeutic target for obesity.
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11
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Vaněčková I, Maletínská L, Behuliak M, Nagelová V, Zicha J, Kuneš J. Obesity-related hypertension: possible pathophysiological mechanisms. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:R63-78. [PMID: 25385879 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, but despite a century of clinical and basic research, the discrete etiology of this disease is still not fully understood. The same is true for obesity, which is recognized as a major global epidemic health problem nowadays. Obesity is associated with an increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of risk factors including hypertension, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Epidemiological studies have shown that excess weight gain predicts future development of hypertension, and the relationship between BMI and blood pressure (BP) appears to be almost linear in different populations. There is no doubt that obesity-related hypertension is a multifactorial and polygenic trait, and multiple potential pathogenetic mechanisms probably contribute to the development of higher BP in obese humans. These include hyperinsulinemia, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system stimulation, abnormal levels of certain adipokines such as leptin, or cytokines acting at the vascular endothelial level. Moreover, some genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are also in play. Although the full manifestation of both hypertension and obesity occurs predominantly in adulthood, their roots can be traced back to early ontogeny. The detailed knowledge of alterations occurring in the organism of experimental animals during particular critical periods (developmental windows) could help to solve this phenomenon in humans and might facilitate the age-specific prevention of human obesity-related hypertension. In addition, better understanding of particular pathophysiological mechanisms might be useful in so-called personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vaněčková
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Behuliak
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Nagelová
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zicha
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Gut microbiota in older subjects: variation, health consequences and dietary intervention prospects. Proc Nutr Soc 2014; 73:441-51. [PMID: 24824449 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665114000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in intestinal microbiota composition and function have been linked to conditions including functional gastrointestinal disorders, obesity and diabetes. The gut microbiome encodes metabolic capability in excess of that encoded by the human genome, and bacterially produced enzymes are important for releasing nutrients from complex dietary ingredients. Previous culture-based studies had indicated that the gut microbiota of older people was different from that of younger adults, but the detailed findings were contradictory. Small-scale studies had also shown that the microbiota composition could be altered by dietary intervention or supplementation. We showed that the core microbiota and aggregate composition in 161 seniors was distinct from that of younger persons. To further investigate the reasons for this variation, we analysed the microbiota composition of 178 elderly subjects for whom the dietary intake data were available. The data revealed distinct microbiota composition groups, which overlapped with distinct dietary patterns that were governed by where people lived: at home, in rehabilitation or in long-term residential care. These diet-microbiota separations correlated with cluster analysis of NMR-derived faecal metabolites and shotgun metagenomic data. Major separations in the microbiota correlated with selected clinical measurements. It should thus be possible to programme the microbiota to enrich bacterial species and activities that promote healthier ageing. A number of other studies have investigated the effect of certain dietary components and their ability to modulate the microbiota composition to promote health. This review will discuss dietary interventions conducted thus far, especially those in elderly populations and highlight their impact on the intestinal microbiota.
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Conn CA, Vaughan RA, Garver WS. Nutritional Genetics and Energy Metabolism in Human Obesity. Curr Nutr Rep 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-013-0046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Garver WS, Newman SB, Gonzales-Pacheco DM, Castillo JJ, Jelinek D, Heidenreich RA, Orlando RA. The genetics of childhood obesity and interaction with dietary macronutrients. GENES AND NUTRITION 2013; 8:271-87. [PMID: 23471855 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The genes contributing to childhood obesity are categorized into three different types based on distinct genetic and phenotypic characteristics. These types of childhood obesity are represented by rare monogenic forms of syndromic or non-syndromic childhood obesity, and common polygenic childhood obesity. In some cases, genetic susceptibility to these forms of childhood obesity may result from different variations of the same gene. Although the prevalence for rare monogenic forms of childhood obesity has not increased in recent times, the prevalence of common childhood obesity has increased in the United States and developing countries throughout the world during the past few decades. A number of recent genome-wide association studies and mouse model studies have established the identification of susceptibility genes contributing to common childhood obesity. Accumulating evidence suggests that this type of childhood obesity represents a complex metabolic disease resulting from an interaction with environmental factors, including dietary macronutrients. The objective of this article is to provide a review on the origins, mechanisms, and health consequences of obesity susceptibility genes and interaction with dietary macronutrients that predispose to childhood obesity. It is proposed that increased knowledge of these obesity susceptibility genes and interaction with dietary macronutrients will provide valuable insight for individual, family, and community preventative lifestyle intervention, and eventually targeted nutritional and medicinal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Garver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA,
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Lauria F, Siani A, Bammann K, Foraita R, Huybrechts I, Iacoviello L, Koni AC, Kourides Y, Marild S, Molnar D, Moreno LA, Pigeot I, Pitsiladis YP, Veidebaum T, Russo P. Prospective analysis of the association of a common variant of FTO (rs9939609) with adiposity in children: results of the IDEFICS study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48876. [PMID: 23155422 PMCID: PMC3498350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated cross-sectionally and longitudinally the relationship between FTO rs9939609 and obesity-related characteristics in the European children of the IDEFICS project and the interaction of this variant with a lifestyle intervention. Population and Methods A cohort of 16224 children (2–9 years) was recruited into a population-based survey (T0) from eight European countries. A second survey (T1) reassessed the children two years later. A random sample of 4405 children was extracted for genetic studies. 3168 children were re-examined two years later. Half of them underwent a lifestyle intervention program. The FTO rs9939609 was genotyped. Weight, height, waist circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds were measured at T0 and T1. Results At T0, the risk A allele of rs9939609 was significantly associated with higher values of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and skinfolds (age, sex, and country-adjusted p-values: all p<0.001) and with a statistically significant increased risk of overweight/obesity. Over the two year follow-up, no interaction between genotype and intervention was observed. The A allele was associated to a significantly higher increase in all the anthropometric variables examined at T0 independently from the study group (intervention versus control) (p-values: all p<0.002, adjusted for age, sex, country, intervention/control study group, T0 values, and individual time interval between T0 and T1). Over the two-year follow–up, 210 new cases of overweight/obesity occurred. A statistically significant higher incidence of overweight/obesity was associated to the A allele [ORA = 1.95, 95% CI = (1.29; 2.97)]. Conclusions We confirmed the association between the FTO rs9939609 and body mass and overweight/obesity risk in European children. The main finding of the study is that the A allele carriers present higher increase of body mass and central adiposity over time and higher risk of developing overweight/obesity during growth, independently from intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lauria
- Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Avellino, Italy
| | - Alfonso Siani
- Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Avellino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Karin Bammann
- BIPS-Institute for Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ronja Foraita
- BIPS-Institute for Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Bremen, Germany
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Unit Nutrition and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura “Giovanni Paolo II”, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Anna C. Koni
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yannis Kourides
- Research and Education Foundation of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Staffan Marild
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD Research Group), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Iris Pigeot
- BIPS-Institute for Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yannis P. Pitsiladis
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paola Russo
- Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Avellino, Italy
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Müller A, Möller M, Adams LA, Warren RM, Hoal EG, van Helden PD. Comparative analysis of a putative tuberculosis-susceptibility gene, MC3R, and pseudogene sequences in cattle, African buffalo, hyena, rhinoceros and other African bovids and ruminants. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 136:117-22. [PMID: 22286663 DOI: 10.1159/000335464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in humans have suggested the possible involvement of melanocortin-3-receptor (MC3R) and other components of the central melanocortin system in host defense against mycobacteria. We report a genomic DNA nucleotide sequence highly homologous to human MC3R in several bovids and non-bovid African wildlife species. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicates that the orthologous genes of cattle and buffalo are highly homologous (89.4 and 90%, respectively) to the human MC3R gene. Sequence results also identified a typical non-functional, duplicated pseudogene, MC3RP, in 7 species from the family Bovidae. No pseudogene was found in animals outside Bovidae. The presence of the pseudogene in tuberculosis-susceptible species could have possible immunomodulatory effects on susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis infection, as well as a considerable influence on energy metabolism and food conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Müller
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology/ Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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