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Nasir K. Embracing the duality of BMI and central adiposity. Lancet 2024; 404:824-825. [PMID: 39216958 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Nasir
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Center for Cardiovascular Computational and Precision Health, and Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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2
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Nistor IM, Fica S, Martin SC, Mustata T, Oprea TE, Sirbu AE, Barbu CG. DXA Android-to-Gynoid Ratio and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Age and BMI Propensity-Matched Early Postmenopausal Women. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1096. [PMID: 39064525 PMCID: PMC11279029 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The literature suggests that physiological menopause (MP) seems linked with increased adiposity with a preference for intra-abdominal fat accumulation, greater than what can be attributed only by aging, which could magnify this period's increased cardiovascular risk. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed two age and body mass index (BMI) propensity-matched subgroups each formed of 90 clinically healthy, 40-60-year-old postmenopausal women, within the first 5 and 5-10 years of MP. The 10-year ASCVD risk was assessed using medical history, anthropometric data, and lipid profile blood tests. The android-to-gynoid (A/G) ratio was computed using Lunar osteodensitometry lumbar spine and hip scans. Results: The A/G ratio was significantly higher for the subgroup evaluated in years 5-10 of MP than in the first 5 years of MP, even after controlling for BMI (1.05 vs. 0.99, p = 0.005). While displaying a significant negative correlation with HDL cholesterol (r = 0.406), the A/G ratio also had positive correlations with systolic blood pressure (BP) values (r = 0.273), triglycerides (r = 0.367), and 10-year ASCVD risk (r = 0.277). After adjusting for smoking, hypertension treatment, and type 2 diabetes, the 10-year ASCVD risk became significantly different for women in the first 5 years (3.28%) compared to those in years 5-10 of MP (3.74%), p = 0.047. Conclusions: In women with similar age and BMI, the A/G ratio appears to vary based on the number of years since menopause onset and correlates with either independent cardiovascular risk parameters like BP, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol or with composite scores, such as 10-year ASCVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Manuela Nistor
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Fica
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, “Elias” University and Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Carmen Martin
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, “Elias” University and Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Theodor Mustata
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Theodor Eugen Oprea
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The National Institute of Endocrinology “CI Parhon”, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Elena Sirbu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, “Elias” University and Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Gabriela Barbu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, “Elias” University and Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
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3
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Mohammed O, Alemayehu E, Debash H, Belete MA, Gedefie A, Tilahun M, Ebrahim H, Gebretsadik Weldehanna D. Dyslipidemia among HIV-infected patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:27. [PMID: 38166636 PMCID: PMC10763320 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is responsible for more than half of the global ischemic heart disease (IHD) and more than 4 million deaths annually. Assessing the prevalence of dyslipidemia can be crucial in predicting the future disease development and possible intervention strategies. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at assessing the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients. METHODS Electronic databases such as EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, ResearchGate, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct were searched for articles and grey literature. All relevant studies found until our search period of May 24, 2023 were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The data were extracted in Microsoft Excel. The STATA version 14 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. I2 and Cochran's Q test were employed to assess the presence of heterogeneity between studies. Due to the presence of heterogeneity, a random effect model was used. The publication bias was assessed using the symmetry of the funnel plot and Egger's test statistics. Moreover, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were also done. RESULTS A total of nine studies that reported the prevalence of dyslipidemia were included. The overall pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia among HIV-infected patients in Ethiopia was 67.32% (95% CI = 61.68%-72.96%). Furthermore, the overall pooled estimates of dyslipidemia among ART-taking and treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients were 69.74% (95% CI: 63.68-75.8, I2 = 87.2) and 61.46% (95% CI: 45.40-77.52, I2 = 90.3), respectively. Based on lipid profile fractionations, the pooled estimates for high total cholesterol (TC) were 39.08% (95% CI: 31.16-46.99), high triglycerides were 38.73% (95% CI: 28.58-48.88), high low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) was 28.40% (95% CI: 17.24-39.56), and low high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) was 39.42% (95% CI: 30.47-48.38). CONCLUSION More than two-thirds of HIV-infected patients experienced dyslipidemia. Therefore, it's critical to regularly evaluate lipid alterations in HIV-infected patients in order to prevent the onset of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Mohammed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Ermiyas Alemayehu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Habtu Debash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Ashagrie Belete
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Gedefie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Tilahun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Hussen Ebrahim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Gebretsadik Weldehanna
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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4
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Lee SH, Lim TJ, Yun EJ, Kim KH, Lim S. Anti-Menopausal Effect of Soybean Germ Extract and Lactobacillus gasseri in the Ovariectomized Rat Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:4485. [PMID: 37892560 PMCID: PMC10609938 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause is a significant phase in a woman's life. Menopausal symptoms can affect overall well-being and quality of life. Conventionally, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used to alleviate menopausal symptoms; however, depending on the conditions, HRT may lead to side effects, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapies with fewer side effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of a combination of soybean germ extract (S30) containing 30% (w/w) isoflavone and a probiotic, Lactobacillus gasseri (LGA1), on menopausal conditions in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. We evaluated the impact of S30+LGA on body weight, estrogen markers, uterine and bone health, vascular markers, and neurotransmitter levels. The results revealed that treatment with S30+LGA1 significantly improved body weight and uterine and bone health. Moreover, S30+LGA1 demonstrated promising effects on lipid profile, liver function, and vascular markers and positively impacted serotonin and norepinephrine levels, indicating potential mood-enhancing effects. In conclusion, S30+LGA1, possessing anti-menopausal effects in vitro and in vivo, can be recommended as a soy-based diet, which offers various health benefits, especially for menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae-Joong Lim
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun Ju Yun
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sanghyun Lim
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003, Republic of Korea;
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5
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Bayes J, Peng W, Adams J, Sibbritt D. The effect of the Mediterranean diet on health outcomes in post-stroke adults: a systematic literature review of intervention trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 77:551-560. [PMID: 36127392 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke represents a major source of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Guidelines for stroke management and secondary prevention focus on reducing stroke-related risk factors such as smoking cessation, exercise and diet. Several clinical practice guidelines specifically recommend a Mediterranean diet (MD) for individuals with stroke. However, these recommendations rely primarily on observational research. The aim of this review is to critically appraise the current experimental evidence assessing the use of a Mediterranean diet on health outcomes in post-stroke adults. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted of original research which assessed the role of a Mediterranean diet on health outcomes in post-stroke adults. The following databases were searched: PROQUEST, SCOPUS (Elsevier), MEDLINE (EBSCO), EMBase and Cochrane Library up to the 25th of August 2021. RESULTS A total of 6 studies from a total of 5838 identified studies met the full inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Several different health outcomes were assessed, including blood pathology tests, physical examinations, secondary vascular events and mortality. The Mediterranean diet appears to be beneficial for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, BMI and waist circumference. CONCLUSION This review suggests a Mediterranean diet may be helpful for several health outcomes in post-stroke adults. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings. To ensure robust methodology and replication of results, specific details of the included and excluded foods, quantities and serving sizes should be reported in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bayes
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Wenbo Peng
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jon Adams
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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6
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Excess dietary zinc drives a Cushing's-like syndrome in ovariectomized mice - Implications for postmenopausal obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 630:101-111. [PMID: 36152347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of obesity, but the underlying cause is not clear. We unexpectedly found that excess dietary zinc induced severe obesity and a Cushing's-like syndrome without increased food intake in ovariectomized (Ovx) but not in sham-operated mice. Zinc accumulated in the adrenal glands and inhibited adrenal 17,20-lyase activity and steroid synthesis. As adrenal steroids are the only source of estrogen in Ovx mice, estrogen deficiency induced adrenal hyperplasia, glucocorticoid overproduction, and consequent development of a Cushing's-like syndrome. Adrenal steroid supplementation prevented the effects of zinc. Plasma zinc was positively correlated with cortisol level and negatively correlated with the levels of adrenal steroids and estrogen in obese postmenopausal women. The finding of a link between dietary zinc, estrogen deficiency, and postmenopausal obesity, implies that postmenopausal obesity might be prevented by supplementation with a adrenal steroid and avoiding excess dietary zinc.
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7
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Lassek WD, Gaulin SJC. Substantial but Misunderstood Human Sexual Dimorphism Results Mainly From Sexual Selection on Males and Natural Selection on Females. Front Psychol 2022; 13:859931. [PMID: 35664212 PMCID: PMC9156798 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.859931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human sexual dimorphism has been widely misunderstood. A large literature has underestimated the effect of differences in body composition and the role of male contest competition for mates. It is often assumed that sexually dimorphic traits reflect a history of sexual selection, but natural selection frequently builds different phenotypes in males and females. The relatively small sex difference in stature (∼7%) and its decrease during human evolution have been widely presumed to indicate decreased male contest competition for mates. However, females likely increased in stature relative to males in order to successfully deliver large-brained neonates through a bipedally-adapted pelvis. Despite the relatively small differences in stature and body mass (∼16%), there are marked sex differences in body composition. Across multiple samples from groups with different nutrition, males typically have 36% more lean body mass, 65% more muscle mass, and 72% more arm muscle than women, yielding parallel sex differences in strength. These sex differences in muscle and strength are comparable to those seen in primates where sexual selection, arising from aggressive male mating competition, has produced high levels of dimorphism. Body fat percentage shows a reverse pattern, with females having ∼1.6 times more than males and depositing that fat in different body regions than males. We argue that these sex differences in adipose arise mainly from natural selection on women to accumulate neurodevelopmental resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven J. C. Gaulin
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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8
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Rickenbacher M, Gültekin N, Stanga Z, Bender N, Staub K, Wells JC, Matthes KL, Reber E. The role of body height as a co-factor of excess weight in Switzerland. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23754. [PMID: 35488790 PMCID: PMC9541525 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Object Excess weight (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥25.0 kg/m2) is a major health issue worldwide, including in Switzerland. For high‐income countries, little attention has been paid to body height in context of excess weight. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of body height as a co‐factor for excess weight in multiple large nationwide data sets. Data and methods In this comparative study, we included the largest nationwide and population‐based studies in the fields of public health, nutrition and economics for Switzerland, as well as data of the medical examination during conscription for the Swiss Armed Forces, which contained information on BMI and, if possible, waist‐to‐height‐ratio (WHtR) and waist‐to‐hip‐ratio (WHR). Results The multinomial logistic regressions show that the probability of belonging to the excess weight category (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2) decreased with increasing height in both sexes inall contemporary data sets. This negative association was shown to be constant, only among conscripts measured in the 1870s the association was positive, when increasing height was associated with a higher BMI. The negative association not only emerge in BMI, but also in WHtR and WHR. Conclusion Our results emphasize the importance of body height as a co‐factor of excess weight, suggesting a clear negative association between height and BMI, WHtR and WHR. Evidence indicates that both early‐life environmental exposures and alleles associated with height may contribute to these associations. This knowledge could serve as further starting points for prevention programs in the field of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rickenbacher
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nejla Gültekin
- Swiss Armed Forces, Medical Services, Ittigen, Switzerland.,Centre of Competence for Military and Disaster Medicine, Swiss Armed Forces, Ittigen, Switzerland
| | - Zeno Stanga
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Centre of Competence for Military and Disaster Medicine, Swiss Armed Forces, Ittigen, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Bender
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss School of Public Health SSPH+, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Staub
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss School of Public Health SSPH+, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan C Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Katarina L Matthes
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emile Reber
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Centre of Competence for Military and Disaster Medicine, Swiss Armed Forces, Ittigen, Switzerland
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Prediction of coronary heart disease incidence in a general male population by circulating non-coding small RNA sRNY1-5p in a nested case-control study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1837. [PMID: 33469068 PMCID: PMC7815790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of atherosclerotic lesion, s-RNYs (small RNAs of about 24/34 nucleotides) are derived by the processing of long Ro-associated non-coding RNAs (RNYs) in macrophages. The levels of serum s-RNYs have been found significantly upregulated in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) compared to age-matched CHD-free individuals. The present study aimed to examine the predictive value of serum s-RNYs for CHD events in the general male population. Within the frame of nested-case–control study, the GENES study, we measured the absolute expression of a RNY-derived small RNA, the s-RNY1-5p, in the serum of individuals (without CHD at baseline) who encountered a CHD event within 12 years of follow-up (n = 30) (Cases) and compared them to individuals who remained event-free (Controls) (n = 30). The expression of s-RNY1-5p in serum was significantly upregulated in Cases compared to Controls (p = 0.027). The proportion of CHD event-free was significantly higher among individuals with serum s-RNY1-5p below the median value (631 molecules/mL). In a multivariable model adjusted for age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, the risk of CHD events increased more than fourfold in individuals with serum s-RNY1-5p above the median value (HR, 4.36; 95% CI 1.22–15.60). A positive association with CHD events was also observed when considering s-RNY1-5p as a continuous variable (p = 0.022). Based on our results, we conclude that serum s-RNY1-5p is an independent predictor of CHD events in a general male population and might be a relevant biomarker for early detection of cardiovascular diseases.
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10
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Tang S, Du Y, Oh C, No J. Effects of Soy Foods in Postmenopausal Women: A Focus on Osteosarcopenia and Obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr 2020; 29:180-187. [PMID: 32843586 PMCID: PMC7539339 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases in postmenopausal women are caused by rapid changes in hormones and are accompanied by rapid changes in body composition (muscle, bone, and fat). In an aging society, the health of postmenopausal women is a social issue, and people’s interest in ingesting high-quality protein is increasing in order to maintain a healthy body composition. This review aims to summarize the efficacy of soy foods and their impact on body composition. The soy protein and isoflavones contained in soy foods can improve muscle and bone density quality and reduce body weight. It is considered a breakthrough in preventing osteosarcopenia and obesity that may occur after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Tang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Chorong Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jaekyung No
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
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11
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Lu CW, Lin MS, Lin YS, Chang IJ, Tsai MH, Wei KL, Chen MY. Aminotransferase Ratio Is a Useful Index for Hepatosteatosis in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Gastroenterol Nurs 2020; 42:486-495. [PMID: 31770351 DOI: 10.1097/sga.0000000000000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and childhood obesity are emerging global health issues. The aim of this study was to identify a simple predictor of NAFLD in children and adolescents. This community-based study was conducted from December 2012 to September 2013 in Taiwan and included 1,222 children between 10 and 19 years of age. After excluding alcohol consumption and hepatic-related lesions, NAFLD was diagnosed according to sonographic criteria. Potential confounding factors (including age, gender, and anthropometric and laboratory data) were tested by logistic regression analysis. The cutoff value was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In addition to older age, heavier weight, and wider waist, subjects with NAFLD had significantly higher blood pressure, lipid disturbances, and alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) ratios. The correlation between NAFLD and ALT/AST ratio remained significant even after adjusting for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-3.87; p = .007). The risk score of having a fatty liver, based on ALT/AST ratio, was greater than 0.981 according to ROC curve analysis (sensitivity, 60.5%; specificity, 80.3%; area under the curve, 0.756; CI, 0.71-0.80; p < .001). Therefore, ALT/AST ratio may represent a powerful index of hepatosteatosis in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lu
- Cheng-Wei Lu, MD, Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. Ming-Shyan Lin, MD, Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan. Yu-Sheng Lin, MD, Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. I-Jen Chang, MD, Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. Ming-Horng Tsai, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan. Kuo-Liang Wei, MD, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. Mei-Yen Chen, PhD, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; Research Fellow, Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan; and Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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12
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Nishio E, Hayashi T, Nakatani M, Aida N, Suda R, Fujii T, Wakatsuki T, Honda S, Harada N, Shimono Y. Lack of association of ovariectomy-induced obesity with overeating and the reduction of physical activities. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 20:100671. [PMID: 31453385 PMCID: PMC6700422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity commonly occurs in postmenopausal women, increasing the risk of various diseases. Estrogen can prevent obesity by activating lipid metabolism and suppressing depressive behavior. However, the reasons for obesity in postmenopausal women are not clearly elucidated. To mimic the effect of estrogen decline in postmenopausal women, we analyzed the behavior and the lipid metabolism-related genes, PPARγ and CD36 in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The OVX mice showed increased visceral fat mass and PPARγ and CD36 expression in the visceral fat. In contrast, they were not significantly affected in terms of physical activity and food intake. Further, subcutaneous supplementation of estrogen effectively suppressed the increase in subcutaneous and visceral fat mass in OVX mice. We conclude that obesity in postmenopausal women is unlikely to be caused by overeating and reduction in physical activity, and subcutaneous supplementation of estrogen is an effective strategy to prevent obesity in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Nishio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Takanori Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Masashi Nakatani
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University
| | - Noriko Aida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Risa Suda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Takuma Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Toru Wakatsuki
- Department of Health Science, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Shinichiro Honda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Nobuhiro Harada
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
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Lin YY, Hong Y, Yu SH, Wu XB, Shyu WC, Chen JS, Ting H, Yang AL, Lee SD. Antiapoptotic and mitochondrial biogenetic effects of exercise training on ovariectomized hypertensive rat hearts. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1661-1672. [PMID: 30998123 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00038.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on antiapoptotic pathways and mitochondrial biogenesis in ovariectomized hypertensive rats. Histopathological analysis, TUNEL assay, and Western blotting were performed on the excised hearts from female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which were divided into a sham-operated sedentary hypertensive (SHR-S), a sedentary hypertensive ovariectomized (SHR-O), and hypertensive ovariectomized rats that underwent treadmill exercise training (SHR-OT; 60 min/day, 5 days/wk) for 8 wk, along with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). When compared with the WKY group, the SHR-S group exhibited decreased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial OPA-1 (mitochondrial biogenesis) and decreased further in the SHR-O group. The protein levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL (prosurvival pathways), and the protein levels of PGC-1α and mitochondrial OPA1 (mitochondrial biogenesis) were increased in the SHR-OT group, but estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ were not changed when compared with the SHR-O group. The protein levels of t-Bid, Bad, Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c, activated caspase 9, and activated caspase 3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways), as well as Fas ligand, TNF-α, Fas receptors, Fas-associated death domain, activated caspase 8 (Fas receptor-dependent apoptotic pathways) were decreased in the SHR-OT group, when compared with the SHR-O group. Exercise training protection on the coexistence of hypertension and ovariectomy-induced cardiac mitochondria-dependent and Fas receptor-dependent apoptotic pathways by enhancing the Bcl2-related and mitochondrial biogenetic prosurvival pathways might provide a new therapeutic effect on cardiac protection in oophorectomized early postmenopausal hypertensive women. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Widely dispersed cardiac apoptosis was found in the coexistence of hypertension and ovariectomy. Exercise training on a treadmill could prevent ovariectomized hypertension-induced widely dispersed cardiac apoptosis via mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway (t-Bid, Bad, Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c, activated caspase 9, and activated caspase 3) and Fas receptor-dependent apoptotic pathway (Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor-α, Fas receptors, Fas-associated death domain, activated caspase 8, and activated caspase 3) through enhancing the Bcl2-related (p-PI3K, p-Akt, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) and mitochondrial biogenetic (PGC-1α and mitochondrial optic atrophy 1) prosurvival pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yuan Lin
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University , Shandong , China.,Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichun, Taiwan
| | - Yi Hong
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai , Shanghai , China
| | - Shao-Hong Yu
- College of Rehabilitation, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shandong , China
| | - Xu-Bo Wu
- Departmental of Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Sheng Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Hua Ting
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung-Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Ai-Lun Yang
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University , Shandong , China.,Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan.,College of Rehabilitation, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shandong , China.,Departmental of Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China.,Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
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14
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Vigna L, Brunani A, Brugnera A, Grossi E, Compare A, Tirelli AS, Conti DM, Agnelli GM, Andersen LL, Buscema M, Riboldi L. Determinants of metabolic syndrome in obese workers: gender differences in perceived job-related stress and in psychological characteristics identified using artificial neural networks. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:73-81. [PMID: 29987776 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifactorial disorder associated with a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. However, its pathophysiology and risk factors are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the associations among gender, psychosocial variables, job-related stress and the presence of MS in a cohort of obese Caucasian workers. METHODS A total of 210 outpatients (142 women, 68 men) from an occupational medicine service was enrolled in the study. Age, BMI, waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were collected to define MS. In addition, we evaluated eating behaviors, depressive symptoms, and work-related stress. Data analyses were performed with an artificial neural network algorithm called Auto Semantic Connectivity Map (AutoCM), using all available variables. RESULTS MS was diagnosed in 54.4 and 33.1% of the men and women, respectively. AutoCM evidenced gender-specific clusters associated with the presence or absence of MS. Men with a moderate occupational physical activity, obesity, older age and higher levels of decision-making freedom at work were more likely to have a diagnosis of MS than women. Women with lower levels of decision-making freedom, and higher levels of psychological demands and social support at work had a lower incidence of MS but showed higher levels of binge eating and depressive symptomatology. CONCLUSION We found a complex gender-related association between MS, psychosocial risk factors and occupational determinants. The use of these information in surveillance workplace programs might prevent the onset of MS and decrease the chance of negative long-term outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, observational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Vigna
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Occupational Health Unit, Clinica del Lavoro Luigi Devoto, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Amelia Brunani
- Rehabilitation Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Verbania, Italy
| | - Agostino Brugnera
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Villa Santa Maria Foundation, Tavernerio, Italy
| | - Angelo Compare
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Amedea S Tirelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Diana M Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Occupational Health Unit, Clinica del Lavoro Luigi Devoto, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianna M Agnelli
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Occupational Health Unit, Clinica del Lavoro Luigi Devoto, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Massimo Buscema
- Semeion Research Centre of Sciences of Communication, Rome, Italy
- University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Luciano Riboldi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Occupational Health Unit, Clinica del Lavoro Luigi Devoto, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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15
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Lin YY, Chen JS, Wu XB, Shyu WC, Chaunchaiyakul R, Zhao XL, Kuo CH, Cheng YJ, Yang AL, Lee SD. Combined effects of 17β-estradiol and exercise training on cardiac apoptosis in ovariectomized rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208633. [PMID: 30571718 PMCID: PMC6301615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined 17β-estradiol (E2) and exercise training on cardiac pro-survival and anti-apoptotic pathways in ovariectomized rats. Methods Fifty-six female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into a sham-operated (Sham), a bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX), an OVX treated with E2 (OVX-E2; 10μg/kg/day), and an OVX with E2 and treadmill exercise training (OVX-E2-EX; 60 min/day, 5 days/week) for 10 weeks. Following 10 weeks of exercise training, rat hearts were isolated for the evaluation of Histopathological analysis, TUNEL assay, and Western blotting. Results The protein levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), phospho-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K) (estrogen receptors/IGF-1-related survival pathway) were significantly increased in either the OVX-E2 or OVX-E2-EX group when compared with the OVX group. The protein levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL) and phosphorylated-Bad (p-Bad) (Bcl-2 family survival pathway) were significantly increased in the OVX-E2-EX group when compared with the OVX group. Only the p-Bad was significantly increased in the OVX-E2 group when compared with the OVX group. The protein levels of truncation of Bid (t-Bid), Bcl-2-associated death promotor (Bad), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Cytochrome c, caspases-9, and caspases-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway), as well as the protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Fas ligand, Fas receptors, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), activated caspase-8 and activated caspase-3 (Fas receptor–dependent apoptotic pathway) were significantly decreased in either the OVX-E2 or OVX-E2-EX group when compared with the OVX group. Furthermore, when compared with the OVX-E2 group, the protein levels of ERβ, IGF-1, IGF-1R, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were further enhanced in the OVX-E2-EX group as well as the protein levels of Cytochrome c, Fas receptors, FADD, activated caspase-8, activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 were further decreased in the OVX-EX-E2 group. Conclusions Combined E2 and exercise training exhibited a positive effect of protection on ovariectomy-induced cardiac apoptosis by enhancing ERβ-related survival pathways, which might provide a more effective therapeutic effect on cardiac protection in bilaterally oophorectomized or menopausal women than E2 treatment only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yuan Lin
- Departmental of Rehabilitation, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Sheng Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xu-Bo Wu
- Departmental of Rehabilitation, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Xian-Li Zhao
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Cheng
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Lun Yang
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Departmental of Rehabilitation, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Slopien R, Wender-Ozegowska E, Rogowicz-Frontczak A, Meczekalski B, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz D, Jaremek JD, Cano A, Chedraui P, Goulis DG, Lopes P, Mishra G, Mueck A, Rees M, Senturk LM, Simoncini T, Stevenson JC, Stute P, Tuomikoski P, Paschou SA, Anagnostis P, Lambrinoudaki I. Menopause and diabetes: EMAS clinical guide. Maturitas 2018; 117:6-10. [PMID: 30314563 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether menopause increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) independently of ageing has been a matter of debate. Controversy also exists about the benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in women with T2DM. AIMS To summarise the evidence on 1) the effect of menopause on metabolic parameters and the risk of T2DM, 2) the effect of T2DM on age at menopause, 3) the effect of MHT on the risk of T2DM, and 4) the management of postmenopausal women with T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review and consensus of experts' opinions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Metabolic changes during the menopausal transition include an increase in and the central redistribution of adipose tissue, as well as a decrease in energy expenditure. In addition, there is impairment of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity and an increase in the risk of T2DM. MHT has a favourable effect on glucose metabolism, both in women with and in women without T2DM, while it may delay the onset of T2DM. MHT in women with T2DM should be administered according to their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In women with T2DM and low CVD risk, oral oestrogens may be preferred, while transdermal 17β-oestradiol is preferred for women with T2DM and coexistent CVD risk factors, such as obesity. In any case, a progestogen with neutral effects on glucose metabolism should be used, such as progesterone, dydrogesterone or transdermal norethisterone. Postmenopausal women with T2DM should be managed primarily with lifestyle intervention, including diet and exercise. Most of them will eventually require pharmacological therapy. The selection of antidiabetic medications should be based on the patient's specific characteristics and comorbidities, as well on the metabolic, cardiovascular and bone effects of the medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Slopien
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Wender-Ozegowska
- Department of Reproduction, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Blazej Meczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia and INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Instituto deInvestigación e Innovación de SaludIntegral (ISAIN), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Patrice Lopes
- Nantes, France Polyclinique de l'Atlantique Saint Herblain, F 44819 St Herblain, France; Université de Nantes, F 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Gita Mishra
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Alfred Mueck
- University Women's Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwer Street 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Margaret Rees
- Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Levent M Senturk
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, IVF Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - John C Stevenson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Petra Stute
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Women's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pauliina Tuomikoski
- Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Eira Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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The Coexistence of Hypertension and Ovariectomy Additively Increases Cardiac Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122036. [PMID: 27929425 PMCID: PMC5187836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether the coexistence of hypertension and ovariectomy will increase cardiac Fas receptor and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways, histopathological analysis, the TUNEL assay and Western blotting were performed on the excised hearts from three groups of female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which were divided into a sham-operated group (SHR-Sham), bilaterally ovariectomized group (SHR-OVX) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Compared with the WKY group, the SHR-Sham group exhibited decreased protein levels of ERα, ERβ, p-Akt/Akt, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Bad and decreased further in the SHR-OVX group, as well as protein levels of t-Bid, Bak, Bad, Bax, cytochrome c, activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptosis) increased in the SHR-Sham group and increased further in the SHR-OVX group. Compared with the WKY group, protein levels of Fas ligand, TNF-α, Fas death receptors, TNFR1, FADD and activated caspase-8 (Fas receptor-dependent apoptosis) increased in the SHR-Sham group, but did not increase in the SHR-OVX group, except Fas ligand and TNF-α. The coexistence of hypertension and ovariectomy attenuated the estrogen receptor survival pathway and appeared to additively increase the cardiac mitochondria-dependent, but not the Fas receptor-dependent apoptosis pathway, which might provide one possible mechanism for the development of cardiac abnormalities in hypertensive postmenopausal women.
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Balata GF, Zidan AS, Abourehab MA, Essa EA. Rapid disintegrating tablets of simvastatin dispersions in polyoxyethylene-polypropylene block copolymer for maximized disintegration and dissolution. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:3211-3223. [PMID: 27757012 PMCID: PMC5055116 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s114724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to improve the dissolution of simvastatin and to incorporate it in rapid disintegrating tablets (RDTs) with an optimized disintegration and dissolution characteristics. Polyoxyethylene–polypropylene block copolymer (poloxamer 188) was employed as a hydrophilic carrier to prepare simvastatin solid dispersions (SDs). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry were employed to understand the interaction between the drug and the carrier in the solid state. The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed absence of any chemical interaction between the drug and poloxamer. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry confirmed the conversion of simvastatin to distorted crystalline state. The SD of 1:2 w/w drug to carrier ratio showed the highest dissolution; hence, it was incorporated in RDT formulations using a 32 full factorial design and response surface methodology. The initial assessments of RDTs demonstrated an acceptable flow, hardness, and friability to indicate good mechanical strength. The interaction and Pareto charts indicated that percentage of croscarmellose sodium incorporated was the most important factor affecting the disintegration time and dissolution parameter followed by the hardness value and their interaction effect. Compression force showed a superior influence to increase RDT’s porosity and to fasten disintegration rather than swelling action by croscarmellose sodium. On the other hand, croscarmellose sodium was most important for the initial simvastatin release. The results suggest the potential use of poloxamer 188-based SD in RDT for the oral delivery of poor water-soluble antihyperlipidemic drug, simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan F Balata
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig
| | - Ahmad S Zidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig
| | - Mohamad As Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Minia University, El-Minia
| | - Ebtessam A Essa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Simoncig Netjasov A, Tančić-Gajić M, Ivović M, Marina L, Arizanović Z, Vujović S. Influence of obesity and hormone disturbances on sexuality of women in the menopause. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:762-766. [PMID: 27871199 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2016.1161746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess influence of obesity and hormone disturbances on sexuality in the menopause. METHODS The study included 73 menopausal women, who were divided into groups according to body mass index (BMI) ≥ 26.7 kg/m2. Anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure were measured. Blood was taken at 08:00 for hormones. All the participants filled in McCoy Female Sexual Questionnaire for the assessment of sexual life. STATISTICS Student's t-test, correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were very significantly lower in obese compared to controls. E2 and systolic blood pressure were very significantly, while diastolic blood pressure significantly higher in obese compared to controls. Obese women had significantly decreased frequency of pain during sexual intercourse (3.48 ± 2.64 vs. 4.09 ± 2.81). Influence of age on frequency of sexual intercourse was very significant. Significant influence in interaction between BMI and age on frequency of sexual fantasies as well as significant influence of BMI on satisfaction with partner as lover is also found. CONCLUSION Obesity has influence on different aspects of sexuality in the postmenopausal women. Our results suggest the need of awareness toward obesity and its impact on sexuality in the menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milina Tančić-Gajić
- b Clinical Center of Serbia, Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Dr Subotića 13 , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Miomira Ivović
- b Clinical Center of Serbia, Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Dr Subotića 13 , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Marina
- b Clinical Center of Serbia, Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Dr Subotića 13 , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Zorana Arizanović
- b Clinical Center of Serbia, Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Dr Subotića 13 , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Svetlana Vujović
- b Clinical Center of Serbia, Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Dr Subotića 13 , Belgrade , Serbia
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Huang CY, Lin YY, Hsu CC, Cheng SM, Shyu WC, Ting H, Yang AL, Ho TJ, Lee SD. Antiapoptotic effect of exercise training on ovariectomized rat hearts. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:457-65. [PMID: 27339185 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01042.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training on cardiac Fas receptor-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways in ovariectomized rats. Histopathological analysis, TUNEL assay, and Western blotting were performed on the excised hearts from three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into a sham-operated group, a bilaterally ovariectomized group (OVX), and a bilaterally ovariectomized group that underwent treadmill running exercise for 60 min/day, 5 sessions/wk, for 10 wk (OVX-EX). The abnormal myocardial architecture, cardiac trichome-stained fibrosis and cardiac TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in ovariectomized rats improved after exercise training. The protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, Fas ligand, Fas receptors, Fas-associated death domain, activated caspase-8 and activated caspase-3 (Fas receptor-dependent apoptotic pathways), as well as t-Bid, Bad, Bak, Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c, activated caspase-9, and activated caspase-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways) were decreased in the OVX-EX group compared with the OVX group. Exercise training suppressed ovariectomy-induced cardiac Fas receptor-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways in ovariectomized rat models. These findings might indicate a new therapeutic effect for exercise training to prevent cardiac apoptosis in menopausal or bilaterally oophorectomized women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Min Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hua Ting
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Lun Yang
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; and School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
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Baber RJ, Panay N, Fenton A. 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric 2016; 19:109-50. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1129166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Han NR, Kim NR, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Cysteine Prevents Menopausal Syndromes in Ovariectomized Mouse. Reprod Sci 2015; 23:670-9. [PMID: 26494699 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115612133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) is well known to be involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, serving as a source of sulfides in the body. Amino acids are known to improve menopausal symptoms and significantly reduce morbidity. This study aims to find an unrevealed effect of Cys with estrogenic and osteogenic actions. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were treated with Cys daily for 8 weeks. Estrogen-related and osteoporosis-related factors were analyzed in the vagina, serum, and tibia. Cys was treated in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells and ER-positive human breast cancer Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. Cysteine administration ameliorated overweightness of the body and vaginal atrophy in the OVX mice. Cysteine increased the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and 17β-estradiol in the serum of the OVX mice and improved the bone mineral density in the OVX mice. In MG-63 cells, Cys increased the proliferation, ERβ messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and estrogen response element (ERE) activity. Cysteine increased the ALP activity and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In MCF-7 cells, Cys also increased the proliferation, ERβ mRNA expression, and ERE activity. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Cys has estrogenic and osteogenic activities in OVX mice, MG-63 cells, and MCF-7 cells. The novel insights gained here strongly imply the potential use of Cys as a new agent for postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na-Rae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Technology and Department of Nanobio Tronics, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kahyee Hor
- Southern General Hospital; Glasgow G51 4TF UK
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24
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Rafiq MK, Lee E, Bradburn M, McDermott CJ, Shaw PJ. Effect of lipid profile on prognosis in the patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Insights from the olesoxime clinical trial. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2015; 16:478-84. [DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2015.1062517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad K. Rafiq
- The Academic Neurology Unit, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ellen Lee
- The Clinical Trials Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael Bradburn
- The Clinical Trials Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher J. McDermott
- The Academic Neurology Unit, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- The Academic Neurology Unit, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Lv J, Chen W, Sun D, Li S, Millwood IY, Smith M, Guo Y, Bian Z, Yu C, Zhou H, Tan Y, Chen J, Chen Z, Li L. Gender-specific association between tobacco smoking and central obesity among 0.5 million Chinese people: the China Kadoorie Biobank Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124586. [PMID: 25897789 PMCID: PMC4405570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lifestyle factors are well-known important modifiable risk factors for obesity; the association between tobacco smoking and central obesity, however, is largely unknown in the Chinese population. This study examined the relationship between smoking and central obesity in 0.5 million Chinese adults, a population with a low prevalence of general obesity, but a high prevalence of central obesity. Subjects A total of 487,527 adults (200,564 males and 286,963 females), aged 30-79 years, were enrolled in the baseline survey of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) Study conducted during 2004-2008. Waist circumference (WC) and WC/height ratio (WHtR) were used as measures of central obesity. Results The prevalence of regular smokers was significantly higher among males (60.6%) than among females (2.2%). The prevalence of central obesity increased with age and BMI levels, with a significant gender difference (females>males). Of note, almost all obese adults (99.4%) were centrally obese regardless of gender. In multivariable regression analyses, adjusting for age, education, physical activity, alcohol use and survey site, regular smoking was inversely associated with BMI in males (standardized regression coefficients, β= -0.093, p<0.001) and females (β= -0.025, p<0.001). Of interest, in the BMI stratification analyses in 18 groups, all βs of regular smoking for WHtR were positive in both genders; the βs showed a significantly greater increasing trend with increasing BMI in males than in females. In the analyses with model adjustment for BMI, the positive associations between regular smoking and WHtR were stronger in males (β= 0.021, p<0.001) than in females (β= 0.008, p<0.001) (p<0.001 for gender difference). WC showed considerably consistent results. Conclusions The data indicate that tobacco smoking is an important risk factor for central obesity, but the association is gender-specific and depends on the adjustment for general obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Iona Y. Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Smith
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (LML); (ZMC)
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LML); (ZMC)
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Chu FL, Hsu CH, Jeng C. Lowered cutoff points of obesity indicators are better predictors of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in premenopausal Taiwanese women. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 9:328-35. [PMID: 25154649 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In previous study, we found that in order to prevent MS in women aged <65 years, the cutoff points of obesity indicators should be lowered. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether our proposed cutoff points of obesity indicators predict the occurrence of hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperlipidemia in premenopausal women with greater sensitivity and specificity compared to reference cutoff points of obesity that are currently being used. METHODS Using the database of the "2002 Survey on the Prevalence of Hypertension, Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Taiwan" provided by the Bureau of Health Promotion, Taiwan as research material, data from 2270 premenopausal women aged 20-65 years were used for the analyses. The receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC) of the body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were used to predict HT, DM, and hyperlipidemia. RESULTS Obesity is not a good predictor of the occurrence of hyperlipidemia in premenopausal women aged <65 years. However, our proposed cutoff points had greater sensitivity and specificity than did the reference cutoff points. To prevent the risk of HT and DM in premenopausal women, the cutoff points of obesity indicators should be reduced. The proposed values are as follows: a WHR of 0.79; a WC of 74.7 cm; a WHtR of 0.49; and a BMI of 22.3 kg/m(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ling Chu
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Huei Hsu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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de Oliveira Fontes Gasperin L, Neuberger M, Tichy A, Moshammer H. Cross-sectional association between cigarette smoking and abdominal obesity among Austrian bank employees. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004899. [PMID: 25079922 PMCID: PMC4120441 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is increasing evidence that smoking is associated with abdominal obesity and other risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to investigate these associations in a sample of healthy Austrian adults. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data of 986 employees of an Austrian company (405 men and 581 women; participation rate approximately 80%) obtained during their annual medical check-up at the workplace were analysed. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Information on smoking status, education level, physical activity, diet, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and biochemical parameters was obtained. The influence of smoking on health and anthropometric measures was investigated. RESULTS No differences in total body fat and/or body fat distribution were found between non-smokers, smokers and former smokers; however, among daily smokers, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was significantly associated with higher body weight (p=0.001) and BMI (p=0.009). Male and female smokers had significantly higher white cell count than non-smokers and former smokers. Heavy smokers also had an unhealthier lipid profile (lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and higher fasting glucose levels even after controlling for physical activity and calorie intake. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to the beliefs of many smokers, heavy smoking is associated with higher body weight and unfavourable metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Neuberger
- Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Platform Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Moshammer
- Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Luksiene D, Tamosiunas A, Baceviciene M, Radisauskas R, Malinauskiene V, Peasey A, Bobak M. Trends in prevalence of dyslipidaemias and the risk of mortality in Lithuanian urban population aged 45-64 in relation to the presence of the dyslipidaemias and the other cardiovascular risk factors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100158. [PMID: 24955583 PMCID: PMC4067295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide reliable information on dyslipidaemias, to estimate the trend of the prevalence of dyslipidaemias and other selected cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors at population level, and to evaluate the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in relation to presence of mixed dyslipidaemias and other CVD risk factors. Methods Data from the five surveys (1983–2008) are presented. A random sample of 9,209 subjects aged 45–64 was selected for statistical analysis. During follow-up there were 1653 death cases from any cause, 864 deaths from CVD. Estimates of hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were based on the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression for all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Results During 25 year period the prevalence of normal total cholesterol level (<5.2 mmol/L) significantly increased only in women; triglycerides and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol did not change in men and women. Findings in our longitudinal study showed that in men and women mixed dyslipidaemias (HDL cholesterol <1.03 mmol/L plus triglycerides ≥1.70 mmol/L) significantly increased the risk for all-cause and CVD mortality (respectively in men HR = 1.30; HR = 1.15, in women HR = 1.83; HR = 2.13). These mixed dyslipidaemia combinations combination with the other risk factors such as arterial hypertension, high fasting glucose level increased all-cause and CVD mortality risk in men and women; while, these mixed dyslipidaemias plus smoking increased all-cause and CVD mortality risk only in men compared to never smokers without these dyslipidaemias (respectively HR = 1.89; HR = 1.92); and these dyslipidaemias plus obesity increased all-cause and CVD mortality risk in women (respectively HR = 2.25; HR = 2.39) and CVD mortality risk in men (HR = 1.72), as compared to responders without obesity and these dyslipidaemias. Conclusion Mixed dyslipidaemias (reduced HDL cholesterol plus elevated triglycerides) significantly increased the risk for all-cause and CVD mortality in this Lithuanian population aged 45–64 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Luksiene
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- * E-mail:
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Migle Baceviciene
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ricardas Radisauskas
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilija Malinauskiene
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Anne Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lizcano F, Guzmán G. Estrogen Deficiency and the Origin of Obesity during Menopause. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:757461. [PMID: 24734243 PMCID: PMC3964739 DOI: 10.1155/2014/757461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones strongly influence body fat distribution and adipocyte differentiation. Estrogens and testosterone differentially affect adipocyte physiology, but the importance of estrogens in the development of metabolic diseases during menopause is disputed. Estrogens and estrogen receptors regulate various aspects of glucose and lipid metabolism. Disturbances of this metabolic signal lead to the development of metabolic syndrome and a higher cardiovascular risk in women. The absence of estrogens is a clue factor in the onset of cardiovascular disease during the menopausal period, which is characterized by lipid profile variations and predominant abdominal fat accumulation. However, influence of the absence of these hormones and its relationship to higher obesity in women during menopause are not clear. This systematic review discusses of the role of estrogens and estrogen receptors in adipocyte differentiation, and its control by the central nervous systemn and the possible role of estrogen-like compounds and endocrine disruptors chemicals are discussed. Finally, the interaction between the decrease in estrogen secretion and the prevalence of obesity in menopausal women is examined. We will consider if the absence of estrogens have a significant effect of obesity in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lizcano
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), km 7, Autopista Norte de Bogota, Chia, Colombia ; Fundacion Cardio-Infantil Instituto de Cardiologia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Guillermo Guzmán
- Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), km 7, Autopista Norte de Bogota, Chia, Colombia
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Moraes SAD, Checchio MV, Freitas ICMD. Dislipidemia e fatores associados em adultos residentes em Ribeirão Preto, SP: resultados do Projeto EPIDCV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 57:691-701. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302013000900004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de dislipidemia e fatores associados em adultos residentes em Ribeirão Preto, SP, em 2007. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico transversal de base populacional, com amostragem desenvolvida em três estágios. A variabilidade introduzida na terceira fração foi corrigida pela atribuição de pesos, originando amostra ponderada de 2.471 participantes. Prevalências da dislipidemia, definida como alteração de pelo menos uma, entre quatro frações lipídicas, foram estimadas em ambos os sexos, segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais e relacionadas à saúde. Para identificar fatores associados, utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson, obtendo-se razões de prevalências em modelos uni- e multivariados. Todas as estimativas foram calculadas levando-se em consideração o efeito de desenho amostral. RESULTADOS: Elevada prevalência de dislipidemia foi observada no município (61,9%; IC95%: 58,5%-65,3%). Renda e consumo de fibras, no sexo masculino, e média diária de tempo sentado e consumo de ácidos graxos saturados, no feminino, se mantiveram nos modelos finais, além da idade e dos indicadores de obesidade central que permaneceram consistentemente associados ao desfecho, em ambos os sexos. CONCLUSÕES: Políticas públicas de intervenção direcionadas à adoção de hábitos saudáveis de consumo alimentar, bem como ao controle da obesidade central e do sedentarismo, poderão contribuir para o declínio da prevalência de dislipidemia e, por conseguinte, da morbimortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares no município.
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