1
|
Nikouei M, Cheraghi M, Ghaempanah F, Kohneposhi P, Saniee N, Hemmatpour S, Moradi Y. The association between bilirubin levels, and the incidence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 10:1. [PMID: 38195551 PMCID: PMC10777508 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-023-00159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between plasma bilirubin levels and the incidence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus across all populations. METHODS Several databases were searched, including PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase (Elsevier), to identify relevant cohort studies. All cohort studies that reported the risk ratio along with a 95% confidence interval were included. The association between bilirubin levels and metabolic syndrome or diabetes was reported as a pooled RR with a 95% CI in the forest plot. All analyses were conducted using STATA version 17, with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Out of the 10 studies included in the analysis, four investigated the effect of hyperbilirubinemia on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. When these four studies were combined, the pooled RR was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.83; I2: 88.61%; P heterogeneity < 0.001), indicating a significant association between hyperbilirubinemia and decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Five of the 10 studies evaluated the effect of hyperbilirubinemia on the incidence of metabolic syndrome, and the pooled RR was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.73; I2: 78.13%; P heterogeneity < 0.001), indicating a significant association between hyperbilirubinemia and decreased risk of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that elevated levels of bilirubin may have a significant protective effect against the development of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Nikouei
- Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Nadia Saniee
- Department of Public Health, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Sirous Hemmatpour
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Besat Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu C, Xu X, He X, Ren J, Chi M, Deng G, Li G, Nasser MI. Activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 signalling axis can alleviate metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular disease. Ann Med 2023; 55:2284890. [PMID: 38039549 PMCID: PMC10836253 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2284890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is widely observed in modern society. CVDs are responsible for the majority of fatalities, with heart attacks and strokes accounting for approximately 80% of these cases. Furthermore, a significant proportion of these deaths, precisely one-third, occurs in individuals under 70. Metabolic syndrome encompasses a range of diseases characterized by various physiological dysfunctions. These include increased inflammation in adipose tissue, enhanced cholesterol synthesis in the liver, impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, compromised vascular tone and integrity, endothelial dysfunction, and atheroma formation. These factors contribute to the development of metabolic disorders and significantly increase the likelihood of experiencing cardiovascular complications.Method: We selected studies that proposed hypotheses regarding metabolic disease syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the role of Nrf2/HO-1 and factor regulation in CVD research investigations based on our searches of Medline and PubMed.Results: A total of 118 articles were included in the review, 16 of which exclusively addressed hypotheses about the role of Nrf2 on Glucose regulation, while 16 involved Cholesterol regulation. Likewise, 14 references were used to prove the importance of mitochondria on Nrf2. Multiple studies have provided evidence suggesting the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 in various physiological processes, including metabolism and immune response. A total of 48 research articles and reviews have been used to highlight the role of metabolic syndrome and CVD.Conclusion: This review provides an overview of the literature on Nrf2/HO-1 and its role in metabolic disease syndrome and CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Ren
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guisen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu J, Su J, Wang Y, Chen J, Shang Y, Li J. Association between total bilirubin and bone mineral density level in adolescents. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:639. [PMID: 35788217 PMCID: PMC9254407 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing bone mass accumulation in adolescence and obtaining greater peak bone mass is one of the effective methods to prevent osteoporosis in the future. We aimed to examine the association between total bilirubin and bone mineral density (BMD) level in adolescents. Methods We used the data from 2005–2010 and 2013–2014 cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The BMD levels in the region of lumbar spine and femoral regions, including total femur, femoral neck, trochanter, and intertrochanter were measured. Univariable and multivariable linear regression model were used to assess the relationship between total bilirubin concentration and BMD. Results A total of 3741 participants aged 12–19 years were ultimately included in the study. There were 1997 (53.38%) males and 1744 (46.62%) females. Univariate analysis results showed that age, sex, race, education, income, body mass index, dietary calcium intake, and diabetes were correlated with BMD levels. Compared with the lowest quartile of total bilirubin concentration, the highest quartile of total bilirubin concentration was positively associated with BMD levels in the regions of total femur (β = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.021 to 0.050, P < 0.001), femur neck (β = 0.030, 95% CI = 0.016 to 0.044, P < 0.001), trochanter (β = 0.033, 95% CI = 0.019 to 0.046, P < 0.001), intertrochanter (β = 0.040, 95% CI = 0.023 to 0.056, P < 0.001), and lumbar spine (β = 0.032, 95% CI = 0.018 to 0.045, P < 0.001). We also observe the same trend in sensitivity analysis (P for trend < 0.001). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that total bilirubin concentration was positively associated with BMD levels in adolescents in United States. Total bilirubin concentration might be a protective marker against bone loss in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Cadre Ward 2, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jiali Su
- Department of Cadre Ward 3, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Cadre Ward 2, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Department of Experimental Animal Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shang
- Department of Neurosurgical Ward, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cadre Ward 2, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang R, Bai Y, Wang R, Bai Z, Yang J, Chen Y, Li J, Xu L, Li S, Hu Y, Wang M, Cheng Z. Elevated serum bilirubin may significantly reduce coronary heart disease risk in females: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:648-657. [PMID: 35123857 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is still inconsistent evidence over the protective effect of total bilirubin on the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between bilirubin in population subtypes and the risks of CHD between different gender and menstruation subgroups. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective cohort study, 29,750 participants free of CHD with an average age of 47 ± 14 years were recruited at baseline; of these, 720 CHD first-attack cases were collected after 7-years of follow up. The covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of CHD with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The serum bilirubin concentration was quarterly stratified based on the distribution of healthy population without CHD onset. The HRs of incident CHD decreased with elevated bilirubin in females (ρ trend<0.05), but not males. In postmenopausal females, compared with the lowest quartile of total bilirubin, the adjusted HRs for the third and fourth quartiles were 0.64 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.93) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.86), the adjusted HRs in the third and fourth quartiles of direct bilirubin were 0.56 (0.39, 0.82) and 0.56 (0.38, 0.81), and for indirect bilirubin, corresponding HR in the highest quartile was 0.56 (0.38, 0.83). CONCLUSION Elevated serum bilirubin was inversely associated with adjusted HRs of CHD in females, especially postmenopausal females. The relationship between elevated direct bilirubin and reduced HRs of CHD may be closer than indirect bilirubin in postmenopausal females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yana Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zhao Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jingli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yarong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yujia Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Mengmei Wang
- The Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Building 181, Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Street, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan X, Yue L, Ren L, Ban J, Chen S. Association of Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Liver Function Parameters Among Healthy Obese Civil Servants: A Center-Based Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3519-3531. [PMID: 36407008 PMCID: PMC9673504 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s392544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and liver function parameters in healthy obese civil servants in Shijiazhuang, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an outpatient-based cross-sectional study in which 6452 participants were recruited. A total of 784 participants were analyzed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A TyG index was calculated based on fasting glucose and triglycerides. All patients were divided into a high TyG index group and a low TyG index group, using the median TyG index as a cut-off. Finally, patients were further divided into two subgroups: males and females. RESULTS While AST/ALT and direct bilirubin levels were lower in the high TyG index group compared to the low TyG index group, ALT, AST, total protein, and albumin levels were greater. Particularly in male participants, TyG index was inversely connected with AST/ALT and direct bilirubin levels and favorably correlated with ALT, AST, total protein, and albumin levels. These connections persisted in the multilinear regression study even after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION This study describes the correlation between TyG index and liver function parameters in obese populations without co-morbid diseases, providing a new idea for early interventional treatment in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, the Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuchun Chen, Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 31185988406, Email
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McClung JA, Levy L, Garcia V, Stec DE, Peterson SJ, Abraham NG. Heme-oxygenase and lipid mediators in obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases: Therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107975. [PMID: 34499923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Among many potential targets for pharmacological intervention, a promising strategy involves the heme oxygenase (HO) system, specifically its inducible form, HO-1. This review collects and updates much of the current knowledge relevant to pharmacology and clinical medicine concerning HO-1 in metabolic diseases and its effect on lipid metabolism. HO-1 has pleotropic effects that collectively reduce inflammation, while increasing vasodilation and insulin and leptin sensitivity. Recent reports indicate that HO-1 with its antioxidants via the effect of bilirubin increases formation of biologically active lipid metabolites such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), omega-3 and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Similarly, HO-1and bilirubin are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of fat-induced liver diseases. HO-1-mediated upregulation of EET is capable not only of reversing endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, but also of reversing cardiac remodeling, a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome. This process involves browning of white fat tissue (i.e. formation of healthy adipocytes) and reduced lipotoxicity, which otherwise will be toxic to the heart. More importantly, this review examines the activity of EET in biological systems and a series of pathways that explain its mechanism of action and discusses how these might be exploited for potential therapeutic use. We also discuss the link between cardiac ectopic fat deposition and cardiac function in humans, which is similar to that described in obese mice and is regulated by HO-1-EET-PGC1α signaling, a potent negative regulator of the inflammatory adipokine NOV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Lior Levy
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America.
| | - Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States of America; New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, United States of America
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alizadeh-Fanalou S, Nazarizadeh A, Alian F, Faraji P, Sorori B, Khosravi M. Small dense low-density lipoprotein-lowering agents. Biol Chem 2021; 401:1101-1121. [PMID: 32427116 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, as well as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly atherosclerosis, are still leading causes of death worldwide. Plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are currently being considered as a critical risk factor for the diseases mentioned above, especially atherosclerosis. Because of the heterogeneous nature of LDL, many studies have already been conducted on its subclasses, especially small dense LDL (sdLDL). According to available evidence, sdLDL levels can be considered as an ideal alternative to LDL levels for monitoring CVD and early diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Recently, several researchers have focused on factors that are able to decrease sdLDL levels and improve health quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the production process of sdLDL particles and review the effects of pharmaceutical and dietary agents as well as lifestyle on sdLDL plasma levels. In brief, their mechanisms of action are discussed. Apparently, cholesterol and LDL-lowering compounds are also effective in the reduction of sdLDL levels. In addition, improving lipid profile, especially the reduction of triglyceride levels, appropriate regimen, and lifestyle can decrease sdLDL levels. Therefore, all the aforementioned parameters should be taken into consideration simultaneously in sdLDL levels reducing strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Alizadeh-Fanalou
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran1449614535,Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Nazarizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran1449614535,Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran131451365,Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parisa Faraji
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran131451365,Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Bahareh Sorori
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom3714668669,Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Creeden JF, Gordon DM, Stec DE, Hinds TD. Bilirubin as a metabolic hormone: the physiological relevance of low levels. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E191-E207. [PMID: 33284088 PMCID: PMC8260361 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00405.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent research on bilirubin, a historically well-known waste product of heme catabolism, suggests an entirely new function as a metabolic hormone that drives gene transcription by nuclear receptors. Studies are now revealing that low plasma bilirubin levels, defined as "hypobilirubinemia," are a possible new pathology analogous to the other end of the spectrum of extreme hyperbilirubinemia seen in patients with jaundice and liver dysfunction. Hypobilirubinemia is most commonly seen in patients with metabolic dysfunction, which may lead to cardiovascular complications and possibly stroke. We address the clinical significance of low bilirubin levels. A better understanding of bilirubin's hormonal function may explain why hypobilirubinemia might be deleterious. We present mechanisms by which bilirubin may be protective at mildly elevated levels and research directions that could generate treatment possibilities for patients with hypobilirubinemia, such as targeting of pathways that regulate its production or turnover or the newly designed bilirubin nanoparticles. Our review here calls for a shift in the perspective of an old molecule that could benefit millions of patients with hypobilirubinemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin F Creeden
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Darren M Gordon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao J, Zhang M, Quan Z, Deng L, Li Y, He B. Systematic Influence of Circulating Bilirubin Levels on Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:719920. [PMID: 34539572 PMCID: PMC8447935 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.719920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies report some association between circulating bilirubin levels and osteoporosis, but it is unknown if this association is causal or confounded. In this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, we included a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) associated with total bilirubin levels among 317,639 people, a large meta-analysis to identify genetic variants associated with bone mineral density (BMD) estimated by heel quantitative ultrasound (eBMD) among 426,824 individuals and fracture among 1.2 million individuals. The results revealed that circulating bilirubin levels had no causal influence on eBMD (beta-estimate: 0.004, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.019 to 0.028, SE:0.012, P-value=0.705) or the risk of fracture (beta-estimate: -0.009, 95% CI: -0.035 to 0.017, SE:0.013, P-value=0.488), which were both confirmed by multiple sensitivity analyses. Our results confirm that circulating bilirubin levels have no causal role in eBMD or the incidence of fracture, indicating that circulating bilirubin levels is unlikely to be a causal risk factor for osteoporosis or fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muzi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengxue Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Deng, ; Yongguo Li,
| | - Yongguo Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Deng, ; Yongguo Li,
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liakh I, Sledzinski T, Kaska L, Mozolewska P, Mika A. Sample Preparation Methods for Lipidomics Approaches Used in Studies of Obesity. Molecules 2020; 25:E5307. [PMID: 33203044 PMCID: PMC7696154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in the composition and amounts of lipids. Lipids have over 1.7 million representatives. Most lipid groups differ in composition, properties and chemical structure. These small molecules control various metabolic pathways, determine the metabolism of other compounds and are substrates for the syntheses of different derivatives. Recently, lipidomics has become an important branch of medical/clinical sciences similar to proteomics and genomics. Due to the much higher lipid accumulation in obese patients and many alterations in the compositions of various groups of lipids, the methods used for sample preparations for lipidomic studies of samples from obese subjects sometimes have to be modified. Appropriate sample preparation methods allow for the identification of a wide range of analytes by advanced analytical methods, including mass spectrometry. This is especially the case in studies with obese subjects, as the amounts of some lipids are much higher, others are present in trace amounts, and obese subjects have some specific alterations of the lipid profile. As a result, it is best to use a method previously tested on samples from obese subjects. However, most of these methods can be also used in healthy, nonobese subjects or patients with other dyslipidemias. This review is an overview of sample preparation methods for analysis as one of the major critical steps in the overall analytical procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Liakh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Mozolewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wan H, Zhu H, Wang Y, Zhang K, Chen Y, Fang S, Xia F, Wang N, Zhang W, Lu Y. Associations between different bilirubin subtypes and diabetic microvascular complications in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820937897. [PMID: 32699586 PMCID: PMC7357000 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820937897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Some studies have reported associations between bilirubin and diabetic microvascular complications. However, these studies focused only on total bilirubin (TBIL) without distinguishing different bilirubin subtypes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations of TBIL, direct bilirubin (DBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) levels with albuminuria/creatinine ratio (ACR) and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among diabetic adults. METHODS We analyzed 4368 individuals out of 4813 diabetic participants enrolled from seven communities in 2018 in a cross-sectional study. Participants underwent several checkups, including the measurement of anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, glucose, lipid profile, TBIL, DBIL, IBIL and ACR. DR was detected by high-quality fundus photographs and was remotely read by ophthalmologists. RESULTS Compared with the first quartile of DBIL, participants in the fourth quartile had a lower prevalence of high ACR (odds ratio (OR) 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59, 0.99) (p for trend < 0.05). Neither TBIL nor IBIL was associated with the prevalence of high ACR. In DR, higher DBIL and TBIL by one standard deviation was associated with a 19% (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.69, 0.94) and a 12% (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78, 0.99) lower frequency of DR, respectively (both p for trend < 0.05). However, IBIL was not associated with the prevalence of DR. These associations were adjusted for potential confounding factors. CONCLUSION DBIL had a stronger association with high ACR and DR than TBIL or IBIL did in diabetic adults. The effect of DBIL on diabetic complications should be noted and investigated in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kun Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | | |
Collapse
|