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Gheorghiu A, Brunborg C, Johannesen TB, Helseth E, Zwart JA, Wiedmann MKH. Lifestyle and metabolic factors affect risk for meningioma in women: a prospective population-based study (The Cohort of Norway). Front Oncol 2024; 14:1428142. [PMID: 39188673 PMCID: PMC11345274 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1428142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor, with a clear preponderance in women. Obesity is considered a risk factor for the development of meningioma. Obesity is also the clinical hallmark of metabolic syndrome, characterized by glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Lifestyle and metabolic factors directly impact overweight and obesity and are therefore potential risk factors for meningioma development. The aim of this study is to assess lifestyle and metabolic factors for meningioma risk in women. Methods The Cohort of Norway (CONOR) is a nationwide health survey, conducted between 1994 and 2003, including anthropometric measures, blood tests, and health questionnaires. Linkage to the National Cancer Registry enabled the identification of intracranial meningioma during follow-up until December 2018. Results A total of 81,652 women were followed for a combined total of 1.5 million years, and 238 intracranial meningiomas were identified. Increasing levels of physical activity (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.68-0.96; p trend <0.02) and parity (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.71-0.97; p trend <0.03) were negatively associated with meningioma risk. Diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance increased the risk for meningioma (HR 2.54; 95% CI 1.60-4.05). Overweight and obesity were not associated with meningioma risk, nor was metabolic syndrome. However, participants without metabolic dysfunction had a reduced meningioma risk, while participants with all five metabolic factors present had a 4-fold risk increase for meningioma (HR 4.28; 95% CI 1.34-13.68). Conclusion Lifestyle factors seem to significantly influence meningioma risk. However, disentangling the complex associations and interactions between factors for meningioma risk will be a challenging task for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Gheorghiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bagdasar-Arseni University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom B. Johannesen
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Helseth
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Hou Y, Yang Z, Xiang B, Liu J, Geng L, Xu D, Zhan M, Xu Y, Zhang B. Metformin is a potential therapeutic for COVID-19/LUAD by regulating glucose metabolism. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12406. [PMID: 38811809 PMCID: PMC11137110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common and aggressive subtype of lung cancer, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious public health threat worldwide. Patients with LUAD and COVID-19 have a poor prognosis. Therefore, finding medications that can be used to treat COVID-19/LUAD patients is essential. Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify 20 possible metformin target genes for the treatment of COVID-19/LUAD. PTEN and mTOR may serve as hub target genes of metformin. Metformin may be able to cure COVID-19/LUAD comorbidity through energy metabolism, oxidoreductase NADH activity, FoxO signalling pathway, AMPK signalling system, and mTOR signalling pathway, among other pathways, according to the results of bioinformatic research. Metformin has ability to inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells, according to the results of colony formation and proliferation assays. In A549 cells, metformin increased glucose uptake and lactate generation, while decreasing ATP synthesis and the NAD+/NADH ratio. In summary, PTEN and mTOR may be potential targets of metformin for the treatment of COVID-19/LUAD. The mechanism by which metformin inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation may be related to glucose metabolism regulated by PI3K/AKT signalling and mTOR signalling pathways. Our study provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of COVID-19/LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwang Hou
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhicong Yang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Baoli Xiang
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Jiangmin Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Lina Geng
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Minghua Zhan
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Yuhuan Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China.
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Kim K, Khazan N, Rowswell-Turner RB, Singh RK, Moore T, Strawderman MS, Miller JP, Snyder CWA, Awada A, Moore RG. Forchlorfenuron-Induced Mitochondrial Respiration Inhibition and Metabolic Shifts in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:976. [PMID: 38473335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Forchlorfenuron (FCF) is a widely used plant cytokinin that enhances fruit quality and size in agriculture. It also serves as a crucial pharmacological tool for the inhibition of septins. However, the precise target of FCF has not yet been fully determined. This study reveals a novel target of FCF and elucidates its downstream signaling events. FCF significantly impairs mitochondrial respiration and mediates metabolic shift toward glycolysis, thus making cells more vulnerable to glycolysis inhibition. Interestingly, FCF's impact on mitochondrial function persists, even in cells lacking septins. Furthermore, the impaired mitochondrial function leads to the degradation of HIF-1α, facilitated by increased cellular oxygen. FCF also induces AMPK activation, suppresses Erk1/2 phosphorylation, and reduces the expression of HER2, β-catenin, and PD-L1. Endometrial cancer is characterized by metabolic disorders such as diabetes and aberrant HER2/Ras-Erk1/2/β-catenin signaling. Thus, FCF may hold promise as a potential therapeutic in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyukwang Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Negar Khazan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Rachael B Rowswell-Turner
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Taylor Moore
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Myla S Strawderman
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John P Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Cameron W A Snyder
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Adventhealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Richard G Moore
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
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Subbiah V, Coleman N, Piha-Paul SA, Tsimberidou AM, Janku F, Rodon J, Pant S, Dumbrava EEI, Fu S, Hong DS, Zhang S, Sun M, Jiang Y, Roszik J, Song J, Yuan Y, Meric-Bernstam F, Naing A. Phase I Study of mTORC1/2 Inhibitor Sapanisertib (CB-228/TAK-228) in Combination with Metformin in Patients with mTOR/AKT/PI3K Pathway Alterations and Advanced Solid Malignancies. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:378-387. [PMID: 38126764 PMCID: PMC10860536 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sapanisertib (CB-228/TAK-228) is a potent, selective ATP-competitive, dual inhibitor of mTORC1/2. Metformin is thought to inhibit the mTOR pathway through upstream activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) suggesting combination therapy may enhance antitumor activity of sapanisertib. We report preliminary safety, tolerability, and efficacy from the dose-escalation study of sapanisertib in combination with metformin in patients with advanced solid tumors. METHODS Patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors resistant or refractory to standard treatment, with and without mTOR/AKT/PI3K pathway alterations, received sapanisertib 3 or 4 mg daily together with metformin once to three times daily (500-1,500 mg). All patients underwent 14-day titration period for metformin in cycle 1. Tumor measurements were performed following cycle 2 and subsequently every 8 weeks. RESULTS A total of 30 patients were enrolled across four cohorts (3 mg/500 mg; 3 mg/1,000 mg, 4 mg/1,000 mg; 4 mg/1,500 mg). 19 were female (63%), median age was 57 (range: 30-77), all were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1. Tumor types included sarcoma (6), breast (4), ovarian (4), head and neck (3), colorectal (2), lung (2), renal cell (2), endometrial (2), gastroesophageal junction (1), prostate (1), stomach (1), urachus (1), and cervical cancer (1). Median number of prior lines of therapy was 4. Most common genomic alterations included PIK3CA (27%), PTEN (17%), AKT1/2 (10%), mTOR (10%). Of 30 patients evaluable for response, 4 patients achieved partial response (PR); 15 patients achieved stable disease (SD) as best response. Disease control rate (PR+SD) was 63%. Of the responders in PR, 3 of 4 patients had documented PTEN mutations (3/5 patients enrolled with PTEN mutations had PR); 2 of 4 of patients in PR had comutations (patient with leiomyosarcoma had both PTEN and TSC; patient with breast cancer had both PTEN and STK11); 1 of 4 patients in PR had AKT and mTOR mutation; tumor types included leiomyosarcoma (n = 2), breast (n = 1), and endometrial cancer (n = 1). Most common treatment-emergent adverse events included nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, and rash. Grade (G) 3-5 treatment-related adverse events included hyperglycemia (4/30; 13%), fatigue (2/30; 7%), hypertriglyceridemia (1/30; 3%), rash (2/20; 7%), diarrhea (2/30; 7%), creatinine increase (1/30; 3%), acidosis (1/30; 3%). No dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were reported in the 3 mg/500 mg cohort. One of 6 patient had DLT in the 3 mg/1,000 mg cohort (G3 diarrhea) and 2 of 11 patients had DLTs in the 4 mg/1,500 mg cohort (G3 fatigue, G3 rash). 4 mg/1,000 mg was defined as the MTD. CONCLUSIONS The safety profile of mTORC1/2 inhibitor sapanisertib in combination with metformin was generally tolerable, with antitumor activity observed in patients with advanced malignancies harboring PTEN mutations and AKT/mTOR pathway alterations. SIGNIFICANCE Sapanisertib (CB-228/TAK-228) is a potent, selective ATP-competitive, next-generation dual inhibitor of mTORC1/2. Metformin is thought to inhibit the mTOR pathway through upstream activation of AMPK suggesting combination therapy may enhance antitumor activity of sapanisertib. This dose-escalation study of sapanisertib and metformin in advanced solid tumors and mTOR/AKT/PI3K pathway alterations, demonstrates safety, tolerability, and early clinical activity in advanced malignancies harboring PTEN mutations and AKT/mTOR pathway alterations.Clinical trial information: NCT03017833.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Niamh Coleman
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarina A. Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Apostolia M. Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shubham Pant
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ecaterina E. Ileana Dumbrava
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David S. Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yunfang Jiang
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Juhee Song
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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5
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Bosso M, Haddad D, Al Madhoun A, Al-Mulla F. Targeting the Metabolic Paradigms in Cancer and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:211. [PMID: 38255314 PMCID: PMC10813379 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metabolic dynamics are evident in both cancer and diabetes, with metabolic alterations representing a facet of the myriad changes observed in these conditions. This review delves into the commonalities in metabolism between cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing specifically on the contrasting roles of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis as primary energy-generating pathways within cells. Building on earlier research, we explore how a shift towards one pathway over the other serves as a foundational aspect in the development of cancer and T2D. Unlike previous reviews, we posit that this shift may occur in seemingly opposing yet complementary directions, akin to the Yin and Yang concept. These metabolic fluctuations reveal an intricate network of underlying defective signaling pathways, orchestrating the pathogenesis and progression of each disease. The Warburg phenomenon, characterized by the prevalence of aerobic glycolysis over minimal to no OXPHOS, emerges as the predominant metabolic phenotype in cancer. Conversely, in T2D, the prevailing metabolic paradigm has traditionally been perceived in terms of discrete irregularities rather than an OXPHOS-to-glycolysis shift. Throughout T2D pathogenesis, OXPHOS remains consistently heightened due to chronic hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia. In advanced insulin resistance and T2D, the metabolic landscape becomes more complex, featuring differential tissue-specific alterations that affect OXPHOS. Recent findings suggest that addressing the metabolic imbalance in both cancer and diabetes could offer an effective treatment strategy. Numerous pharmaceutical and nutritional modalities exhibiting therapeutic effects in both conditions ultimately modulate the OXPHOS-glycolysis axis. Noteworthy nutritional adjuncts, such as alpha-lipoic acid, flavonoids, and glutamine, demonstrate the ability to reprogram metabolism, exerting anti-tumor and anti-diabetic effects. Similarly, pharmacological agents like metformin exhibit therapeutic efficacy in both T2D and cancer. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying these metabolic shifts and explores promising therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing the metabolic imbalance in both disease scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Bosso
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
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Xu Y, Cai H, Xiong Y, Tang L, Li L, Zhang L, Shen Y, Yang Y, Lin L, Huang J. YAP/TAZ axis was involved in the effects of metformin on breast cancer. J Chemother 2023; 35:627-637. [PMID: 36656142 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2162221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is malignant tumours in women. A large amount of data analysis shows that Metformin has been shown to play a significance role in reducing the risk of breast cancer, but the mechanism remains unclear. The hippo signalling pathway can be involved in the formation, metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer. When YAP/TAZ is activated, cells can overcome contact inhibition and enter a state of uncontrolled proliferation. Therefore, YAP/TAZ is considered a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. Eighty breast cancer patients, forty cases of triple-negative and forty cases of HER-2+, were included in this study. In vitro and in vivo experiments were used to confirm the YAP/TAZ axis was involved in the effects of metformin on breast cancer. EMT plays an important role in breast cancer, including chemoresistance and tumour metastasis. Our results confirmed that YAP could modulate the activity of EMT, which in turn altered tumour resistance. Therefore, MET can inhibit EMT by reducing the expression of YAP, and finally achieve the therapeutic effect of breast cancer. Our findings support metformin as a novel YAP inhibitor and potentially as a novel breast cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongke Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanfeng Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Singh S, De Carlo F, Ibrahim MA, Penfornis P, Mouton AJ, Tripathi SK, Agarwal AK, Eastham L, Pasco DS, Balachandran P, Claudio PP. The Oligostilbene Gnetin H Is a Novel Glycolysis Inhibitor That Regulates Thioredoxin Interacting Protein Expression and Synergizes with OXPHOS Inhibitor in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097741. [PMID: 37175448 PMCID: PMC10178141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since aerobic glycolysis was first observed in tumors almost a century ago by Otto Warburg, the field of cancer cell metabolism has sparked the interest of scientists around the world as it might offer new avenues of treatment for malignant cells. Our current study claims the discovery of gnetin H (GH) as a novel glycolysis inhibitor that can decrease metabolic activity and lactic acid synthesis and displays a strong cytostatic effect in melanoma and glioblastoma cells. Compared to most of the other glycolysis inhibitors used in combination with the complex-1 mitochondrial inhibitor phenformin (Phen), GH more potently inhibited cell growth. RNA-Seq with the T98G glioblastoma cell line treated with GH showed more than an 80-fold reduction in thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) expression, indicating that GH has a direct effect on regulating a key gene involved in the homeostasis of cellular glucose. GH in combination with phenformin also substantially enhances the levels of p-AMPK, a marker of metabolic catastrophe. These findings suggest that the concurrent use of the glycolytic inhibitor GH with a complex-1 mitochondrial inhibitor could be used as a powerful tool for inducing metabolic catastrophe in cancer cells and reducing their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivendra Singh
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Flavia De Carlo
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Patrice Penfornis
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Siddharth K Tripathi
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ameeta K Agarwal
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Linda Eastham
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - David S Pasco
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Premalatha Balachandran
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Mu W, Jiang Y, Liang G, Feng Y, Qu F. Metformin: A Promising Antidiabetic Medication for Cancer Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:41-54. [PMID: 36336804 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666221104094918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used drug in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases glucose utilization in peripheral tissues. In recent years, several studies have shown that metformin is a potential therapeutic agent against cancer, alone or combined with other anticancer treatments. Metformin mainly activates the AMPK complex and regulates intracellular energy status, inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. Other anticancer targets of metformin are specific transcription factors inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and reducing drug resistance. In addition, metformin modulates tumor cells' response to anticancer treatments, favoring the activity of T cells. In diabetic patients, metformin reduces the occurrence of cancer and improves the prognosis and efficacy of anticancer treatments. In this review, we provided a comprehensive perspective of metformin as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunyun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Liang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 215000 Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Falin Qu
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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9
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Zhang HS, Yang Y, Lee S, Park S, Nam CM, Jee SH. Metformin use is not associated with colorectal cancer incidence in type-2 diabetes patients: evidence from methods that avoid immortal time bias. Int J Colorectal Dis 2022; 37:1827-1834. [PMID: 35831458 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-022-04212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immortal time bias (ITB) continues to distort many observational studies on metformin use and cancer risk. Our objective was to employ three statistical methods proven to avoid ITB and compare their results to that of a naïve time-fixed analysis in order to provide further evidence of metformin's association, or none thereof, with colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. METHODS A total of 41,533 Korean subjects with newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes in 2005-2015 were selected from a prospectively maintained cohort (median follow-up of 6.3 years). Time-to-CRC incidence was regressed upon metformin use (yes/no, average prescription days/year) using time-dependent Cox, landmark, nested case-control, and time-fixed Cox analyses. Other CRC risk factors were included to adjust for possible confounding. RESULTS Neither metformin ever-use nor average metformin prescription days/year was associated with incident CRC hazard in time-dependent Cox, landmark, and nested case-control analyses with HR (95% CI) of 0.88 (0.68-1.13), 0.86 (0.65-1.12), and 1.10 (0.86-1.40) for metformin ever-use, and 0.97 (0.90-1.04), 0.95 (0.88-1.04), and 1.02 (0.95-1.10) for average metformin prescription days/year, respectively. In contrast, time-fixed Cox regression showed a falsely exaggerated protective effect of metformin on CRC incidence. CONCLUSION The association between metformin use and subsequent CRC incidence was statistically nonsignificant after accounting for time-related biases such as ITB. Previous studies that avoided these biases and meta-analyses of RCTs on metformin and cancer incidence were in agreement with our results. A definitive, large-scale RCT is needed to clarify this topic, and future observational studies should be explicit in avoiding ITB and other time-related biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeunsoo Yang
- Department of Public Health, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Health Insurance Research Institute, National Health Insurance Services, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Wu Z, Wu L, Zou L, Wang M, Liu X. Metformin induces myeloma cells necrosis and apoptosis and it is considered for therapeutic use. J Chemother 2022; 35:131-141. [PMID: 35427214 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2062895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence, especially in solid tumor, indicated that metformin possessed the potential ability in the proliferation of cancer cells. However, its effects on myeloma cells were relatively rarely clarified. To evaluate the anti-cancer effects of metformin against dexamethasone-resistant and -sensitive myeloma cells. The effects of metformin on myeloma cell lines, including dexamethasone-resistant U266, H929, RPMI 8226 and dexamethasone-sensitive MM.1s, were investigated using the cell counting kit-8 assay for cell proliferation. Apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and cell death mechanisms were explored via flow cytometry (FCM) and Western blot. In addition, the anti-myeloma activity was evaluated in vivo via non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency xenograft mouse models. Metformin inhibited proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner in all the cell lines, while dexamethasone only affected the viability of MM1.s cells. The FCM detection displayed that metformin induced apoptosis in H929, RPMI8226 and MM.1s cells, while for U266 cells, it induced necrosis with Annexin V-/Propidium iodide+. The cell cycle assays showed that metformin arrested G0/G1 phase of H929 and MM.1s cells, or G2/M phase of RPMI8226 cells, but showed no effect on U226 cells. Western blotting analyses demonstrated that the apoptosis-related protein of cleaved caspase 3 was activated; the expressions of Mcl-1, IGF-1R, PI3K, pAKT, and pmTOR proteins were inhibited by metformin in H929, RPMI8226, and MM.1s cells. The necrosis-related protein of iNOS increased in U266 cells while metformin treated. In vivo assay indicated metformin decreased U266 and H929 growth in bone marrow, and thus prolonged mice survival. These data suggested that metformin inhibited the proliferation of myeloma cells via inducing necrosis and apoptosis. This finding indicated that metformin may be served as a potent adjuvant in treating multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentian Wu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lianghua Wu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangliang Zou
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Muqing Wang
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
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11
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Cui H, Wang Y, Yang S, He G, Jiang Z, Gang X, Wang G. Antidiabetic Medications and the Risk of Prostate Cancer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106094. [PMID: 35074527 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidiabetic medications (ADMs) may modify prostate cancer (PCa) risk in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Accordingly, the current study assessed the possible associations between ADMs and the risk of PCa in diabetics. METHODS A systematic literature search (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library) identified studies evaluating the associations between ADMs and incidence of PCa. A meta-analysis followed PRISMA was performed using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) as effect measures. RESULTS In total of 47 studies involving 3,094,152 patients with diabetes were included. Results of meta-analysis of the observational studies suggested no significant association between metformin, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, insulin or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors administration and the risk of PCa (All p-values > 0.05). Separate analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) revealed a significant reduction in PCa risk with thiazolidinediones (OR = 0.55, p = 0.04) or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) administration (OR = 0.53, p = 0.006), whereas no significant association was found in SGLT2 inhibitors (p = 0.3). CONCLUSION Thiazolidinediones or GLP-1RA administration may have benefits in PCa based on RCTs, however, further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guangyu He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zongmiao Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
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Seo HJ, Oh HS. Effects of early medication treatment and metformin use for cancer prevention in diabetes patients: a nationwide sample cohort study using extended landmark-time analysis. Epidemiol Health 2021; 43:e2021103. [PMID: 34922421 PMCID: PMC8920735 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effectiveness of early medication treatment and metformin use for cancer prevention in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Population-based cohort data were used from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database (KNHIS-NSC) for 2002–2013. Patient-specific medication prescription status was defined by the landmark time (LMT; a fixed time after cohort entry), considering both pre- and post-LMT prescriptions to control methodological biases in observational research. The LMT was set to 2 years. Logistic regression analysis with multivariable adjustment was conducted to analyze cancer incidence by patient-specific medication prescription status. RESULTS Only 33.4% of the subjects were prescribed medication early (before the LMT) with compliance. Cancer incidence in individuals with early prescription and compliance was 25% lower (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 0.84) than in those without. As early-prescribed medications, metformin monotherapy and metformin combination therapy were associated with 34% (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.83) and 25% (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.88) lower cancer risk than non-use, respectively. Patients who were prescribed late (post-LMT) but did not comply with the prescription had a 24% (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.58) higher cancer incidence than non-users. Among patients who started monotherapy early without changes throughout the entire follow-up period, those who started on metformin had a 37% (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.99) lower risk of cancer than non-metformin users. CONCLUSIONS Doctors must prescribe antidiabetic medication early, and patient compliance is required, regardless of the prescription time, to prevent cancer. Metformin monotherapy or combination therapy is recommended as an early prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jeong Seo
- Associate Professor, Medical Informatics and health Technology(MIT), Department of Health Care Management, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Oh
- Professor, Department of Applied Statistics, School of Social Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
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Insulin Resistance and Cancer: In Search for a Causal Link. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011137. [PMID: 34681797 PMCID: PMC8540232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition which refers to individuals whose cells and tissues become insensitive to the peptide hormone, insulin. Over the recent years, a wealth of data has made it clear that a synergistic relationship exists between IR, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Although the underlying mechanism(s) for this association remain unclear, it is well established that hyperinsulinemia, a hallmark of IR, may play a role in tumorigenesis. On the other hand, IR is strongly associated with visceral adiposity dysfunction and systemic inflammation, two conditions which favor the establishment of a pro-tumorigenic environment. Similarly, epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA, in IR states, have been often associated with tumorigenesis in numerous types of human cancer. In addition to these observations, it is also broadly accepted that gut microbiota may play an intriguing role in the development of IR-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cancer, whereas potential chemopreventive properties have been attributed to some of the most commonly used antidiabetic medications. Herein we provide a concise overview of the most recent literature in this field and discuss how different but interrelated molecular pathways may impact on tumor development.
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14
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer: Epidemiology, Physiopathology and Prevention. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101429. [PMID: 34680546 PMCID: PMC8533606 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of developing cancer and of dying from it. Both diseases are age-related, contributing to the impact of population aging on the long-term sustainability of health care systems in European Union countries. The purpose of this narrative review was to describe, from epidemiological, pathophysiological and preventive perspectives, the links between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the most prevalent cancers in these patients. Multiple metabolic abnormalities that may occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly obesity, could explain the increased cancer risk. In addition, the effectiveness of drugs commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (e.g., metformin and thiazolidinediones) has been broadly evaluated in cancer prevention. Thus, a better understanding of the links between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer will help to identify the contributing factors and the pathophysiological pathways and to design personalized preventive strategies. The final goal is to facilitate healthy aging and the prevention of cancer and other diseases related with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which are among the main sources of disability and death in the European Union and worldwide.
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Multifaceted Mechanisms of Action of Metformin Which Have Been Unraveled One after Another in the Long History. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052596. [PMID: 33807522 PMCID: PMC7962041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While there are various kinds of drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus at present, in this review article, we focus on metformin which is an insulin sensitizer and is often used as a first-choice drug worldwide. Metformin mainly activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver which leads to suppression of fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis. Metformin activates AMPK in skeletal muscle as well, which increases translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the cell membrane and thereby increases glucose uptake. Further, metformin suppresses glucagon signaling in the liver by suppressing adenylate cyclase which leads to suppression of gluconeogenesis. In addition, metformin reduces autophagy failure observed in pancreatic β-cells under diabetic conditions. Furthermore, it is known that metformin alters the gut microbiome and facilitates the transport of glucose from the circulation into excrement. It is also known that metformin reduces food intake and lowers body weight by increasing circulating levels of the peptide hormone growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Furthermore, much attention has been drawn to the fact that the frequency of various cancers is lower in subjects taking metformin. Metformin suppresses the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) by activating AMPK in pre-neoplastic cells, which leads to suppression of cell growth and an increase in apoptosis in pre-neoplastic cells. It has been shown recently that metformin consumption potentially influences the mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). Taken together, metformin is an old drug, but multifaceted mechanisms of action of metformin have been unraveled one after another in its long history.
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