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Díaz DA, Lera L, Márquez C, Valenzuela A, Saguez R, Weisstaub G, Albala C. Neck Circumference Cut-Off Points for Identifying Adiposity: Association with Chronic Metabolic Diseases in Older People. J Pers Med 2024; 14:710. [PMID: 39063965 PMCID: PMC11278275 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leading cause of death in older people is cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have found that neck circumference (NC) is a simple anthropometric marker associated with adiposity. The aim of this study is to estimate and validate NC cut-off points as adiposity markers and analyze their association with cardiovascular and chronic metabolic diseases in older people. METHODS A cross-sectional study in 358 non-disabled, community-dwelling older people (71.7 ± 3.9 years) living in Santiago de Chile and participating in the HTSMayor study was conducted. Measurements of body composition and cardiovascular risks were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of NC with cardiovascular and chronic metabolic diseases. NC cut-off points were obtained to predict obesity, abdominal obesity, and adiposity. RESULTS The best performance values of neck circumference relative to obesity and adiposity were obtained with respect to abdominal obesity (40.6 cm in men and 34.2 cm in women). Higher NC values were associated with a higher area under the curve (AUC) for men and women (men: AUC = 0.84; women: AUC = 0.86). NC was significantly associated with a higher risk for diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.95), hypertension (OR = 2.42), acute myocardial infarction (OR = 4.36), and comorbidities (OR = 2.01), and a lower risk for sarcopenia (OR = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that NC is a useful tool for detecting abdominal obesity, obesity, and adiposity in older people and that a higher NC increases the risk of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique A. Díaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Chile, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
| | - Lydia Lera
- Latin Division, Keiser University, Online Education, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309, USA
| | - Carlos Márquez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (R.S.); (G.W.); (C.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4781176, Chile
| | - Andrea Valenzuela
- Nutrition and Dietetics Degree, Faculty of Medicine, University of Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Saguez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (R.S.); (G.W.); (C.A.)
| | - Gerardo Weisstaub
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (R.S.); (G.W.); (C.A.)
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (R.S.); (G.W.); (C.A.)
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Carvalho VCHDS, Moreira LB, Luft VC, Fuchs SC. Waist-to-Height Ratio: A Sensitive Tool for Assessing the Need for Nutritional Risk Management in Elderly Populations from Brazil. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2406. [PMID: 37685440 PMCID: PMC10486933 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutritional status assessment commonly relies on body mass index (BMI), which overlooks lean mass and adipose tissue distribution. However, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) provide additional insights into fat accumulation. By combining these indices, it may be possible to identify older adults needing weight management interventions. OBJECTIVES To assess the WC and WHtR as strategies for identifying individuals requiring weight management. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 509 elderly individuals in Northeast Brazil. Weight, height, hip circumference, and waist circumference were measured, and combined with indices such as BMI WC, WHR, and WHtR to identify those who require weight management. The DeLong test compared areas under the curves using receiver operating characteristic curves and statistical significance. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated to verify usefulness for clinical application. A validation sample of 599 elderly individuals from the country's Southern region was used to confirm the results. RESULTS Both WC and WHtR showed adequate diagnostic accuracy with no statistically significant difference in AUCs. WHtR ≥ 0.50 had 92% sensitivity in identifying men and women requiring nutritional management. WC presented lower sensitivity but 93% specificity, useful for excluding elderly individuals from the nutritional risk category. These results were consistent in the validation sample. CONCLUSION WHtR is a valuable index for screening nutritional risk management in the elderly population, applicable to men and women. Conversely, WC performs better in excluding individuals who do not need nutritional risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian C. Honorato dos Santos Carvalho
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 2º Andar, Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (V.C.H.d.S.C.); (V.C.L.)
- Department of Nutrition, Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 40170-110, BA, Brazil
| | - Leila B. Moreira
- Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 2º Andar, Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil;
| | - Vivian C. Luft
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 2º Andar, Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (V.C.H.d.S.C.); (V.C.L.)
| | - Sandra C. Fuchs
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 2º Andar, Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (V.C.H.d.S.C.); (V.C.L.)
- Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 2º Andar, Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil;
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Kamińska MS, Lubkowska A, Panczyk M, Walaszek I, Grochans S, Grochans E, Cybulska AM. Relationships of Body Mass Index, Relative Fat Mass Index, and Waist Circumference with Serum Concentrations of Parameters of Chronic Inflammation. Nutrients 2023; 15:2789. [PMID: 37375693 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity in the perimenopausal period is associated with hormonal changes, lifestyle, and environment. In obesity, elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced levels of adiponectin are observed, and the associated chronic inflammation favors the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the relationship between selected measures of obesity (BMI, WC, RFM, VAI, WHtR) and parameters of chronic inflammation (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6) in perimenopausal women. (2) Methods: The study involved 172 perimenopausal women. The methods used in this study were diagnostic surveys, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, and venous blood sampling. (3) Results: Preliminary multivariate linear regression analysis showed that CRP moderately positively correlated with IL-6 (β = 0.25; p = 0.001) and weakly negatively correlated with adiponectin (β = -0.23; p = 0.002). Similar associations were noted in preliminary multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for age, menopausal status, and smoking status. Preliminary multivariate linear regression analysis also showed that BMI positively correlated with IL-6 (β = 0.16; p = 0.033). VAI weakly positively correlated with CRP (β = 0.25; p = 0.001) and negatively correlated with adiponectin (β = -0.43; p = 0.000). (4) BMI, WC, RFM, VAI, and WHtR are clearly related to selected parameters of chronic inflammation. Our study suggests that each of the anthropometric variables provides distinct information on metabolic processes associated with inflammatory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sylwia Kamińska
- Subdepartment of Long-Term Care and Palliative Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 54 Żołnierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Panczyk
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska St., 00-518 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Walaszek
- Department of Pediatric and Oncological Surgery, Urology and Hand Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej St., 72-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Szymon Grochans
- Department of Specialised Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Cybulska
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
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PRINTES CB, SCHWANKE CH, COSTA AV, IRIGARAY TQ, TERRA NL, BAPTISTA RR. Effects of adapted orienteering for aged: study protocol of a randomized clinical trial. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2023. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Jeong HG, Park H. Metabolic Disorders in Menopause. Metabolites 2022; 12:954. [PMID: 36295856 PMCID: PMC9606939 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause is an aging process and an important time equivalent to one-third of a woman's lifetime. Menopause significantly increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD)/metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MFFLD), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Women experience a variety of symptoms in the perimenopausal period, and these symptoms are distressing for most women. Many factors worsen a woman's menopausal experience, and controlling these factors may be a strategy to improve postmenopausal women's health. This review aimed to confirm the association between menopause and metabolic diseases (especially MetS), including pathophysiology, definition, prevalence, diagnosis, management, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Gyeong Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Farahmand M, Bahri Khomamid M, Rahmati M, Azizi F, Ramezani Tehrani F. Aging and changes in adiposity indices: the impact of menopause. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:69-77. [PMID: 34255310 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aging is associated with significant changes in fat distribution and menopause may alter this process. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal effect of menopause on changes in adiposity indices (AI). METHODS A total number of 3876 non-menopausal women, aged > 20 years, who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose study, were selected for the present study. They were followed from 1998 to 2018 at a 3-year interval and their adiposity indices were measured. Throughout the study, participants were categorized into two groups according to their menopausal status as group 1): women who reached menopause and group 2): women who did not reach menopause. The generalized estimation equation (GEE) models were used to compare the trend of changes in AIs between these two groups. RESULTS At the end of the study, a total number of 1479 (38.2%) participants reached menopause. The odds of general obesity decreased by 5% (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90-0.99), and the odds of central obesity increased by 6% in group1 compared to group2 (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12). CONCLUSIONS Menopause alters the impact of aging on central fat distribution. Increasing awareness of the related risk in menopausal women and their healthcare professional may prevent adverse related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farahmand
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh St., Yaman St., Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Bahri Khomamid
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - M Rahmati
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh St., Yaman St., Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh St., Yaman St., Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
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Gómez-Campos R, Vidal-Espinoza R, Marques de Moraes A, Lázari E, Andruske CL, Castelli Correia de Campos L, Urzua-Alul L, Cossio-Bolaños W, Cossio-Bolanõs MA. Comparison of Anthropometric Indicators That Assess Nutritional Status From Infancy to Old Age and Proposal of Percentiles for a Regional Sample of Chile. Front Nutr 2021; 8:657491. [PMID: 35004795 PMCID: PMC8740328 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.657491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Anthropometric variables are used to evaluate health, dietary status, disease risks, and changes in body composition. The purpose of this study was to compare weight, height, and Body Mass Index (BMI) with American references from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS-2012), using BMI and Tri-Ponderal Mass Index (TMI) to propose percentiles for evaluating nutritional status of children, adolescents, and adults, ages 5-80 years old. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 15,436 (8,070 males and 7,366 females) children, youths and adults in the Maule region (Chile). The age range ranged from 5.0 to ~80 years of age. Weight and height were assessed. Body mass index BMI and tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) were calculated. The LMS method was used to generate percentiles. Results: The results illustrated that children were heavier and had more BMI during childhood compared to the NCHS references. During adolescence, reference values were greater until approximately ages 70-79. For height, children were relatively similar to those of the NCHS references, but during adolescence, differences became evident. Adolescence until approximately age 80, the population showed lower values for height. Percentiles were calculated using BMI and TMI by age range and sex. Differences occurred between the American NCHS references and the population with regard to the anthropometric variables of weight, height, and in BMI. Conclusion: Discrepancies with the American NCHS reference were verified in the anthropometric variables of weight, height and BMI. Reference percentiles of BMI and TMI were developed for the evaluation of the nutritional status of the regional population of Maule (Chile). Its use is suggested in clinical and epidemiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Gómez-Campos
- Departamento de Diversidad e Inclusividad Educativa, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luis Urzua-Alul
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | | | - Marco A. Cossio-Bolanõs
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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Benevides FT, Araujo Júnior E, Maia CSC, Montenegro Junior RM, Carvalho FHC. Ultrasound evaluation of subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat as a predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:2216-2226. [PMID: 32567410 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1781808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Studies of subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat thickness evaluated by ultrasound as a predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been published, but the best technique and standardization are unknown. To identify, critically evaluate, and analyze studies using subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat as a model for predicting GDM in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and evaluate their methodological quality.Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from May to July 2019. We included studies of any sample size performed for any duration and in any configuration. Model development and validation studies were eligible for inclusion. Two authors independently performed the eligibility assessment of the studies by reviewing the titles and abstracts. Data on study design, gestational age, diagnostic criteria for GDM, device, ultrasound fat measurement technique, and cutoff point for GDM prediction were extracted.Results: The electronic search resulted in 1331 articles, of which 14 were eligible for systematic review. Different criteria for diagnosing GDM and fat measurement techniques were used. The cutoff point for subcutaneous, visceral, and total abdominal fat for predicting GDM in the first and second trimesters varied between the studies.Conclusion: No study validated the model for predicting GDM using subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat measurements. External validation studies are recommended to improve the generalization of this GDM predictor in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Medical Course, Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul (USCS), Bela Vista Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Soraya Costa Maia
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Brazil
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Lera L, Angel B, Márquez C, Saguez R, Albala C. Software for the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Design and Validation Study. JMIR Med Inform 2020; 8:e13657. [PMID: 32281942 PMCID: PMC7186874 DOI: 10.2196/13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usual diagnosis of sarcopenia requires a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) exam, which has low accessibility in primary care for Latin American countries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to design and validate software for mobile devices (Android, IOS) and computers, based on an adapted version of the diagnostic algorithm of sarcopenia proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). METHODS Follow-up exams were conducted on 430 community-dwelling Chileans 60 years and older (mean 68.2 years, SD 4.9) participating in the IsaMayor and Alexandros cohorts designed to study sarcopenia and disability associated with obesity, respectively. All the participants from the cohorts were randomly selected from the registries of primary health care centers and, for this study, must have a DXA scan at baseline. The software (HTSMayor) was designed according to an adapted version of the algorithm proposed by the EWGSOP and was divided into four phases: longitudinal validation of diagnostic algorithm of sarcopenia, alpha version, beta version, and release version. The software estimates appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) using an anthropometric equation or DXA measurements with Chilean cut-off points. The predictive validation of the algorithm was estimated, comparing functional limitations (at least one activity of daily living, two instrumental activities of daily living, or three mobility limitations), falls, and osteoporosis at follow-ups in patients with and without sarcopenia at baseline, using adjusted logistic models. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 4.8 years (2078.4 person-years), 37 (9.9%) new cases of sarcopenia, out of the 374 patients without sarcopenia at baseline, were identified (incidence density rate=1.78 per 100 person-years). ASM estimated with the anthropometric equation showed both a high sensitivity and specificity as compared with those estimated by DXA measurements, yielding a concordance of 0.96. The diagnostic algorithm of sarcopenia considered in the software with the equation showed both a high sensitivity (82.1%) and specificity (94.9%) when compared with DXA (reference standard). Adults without sarcopenia (at baseline) showed better physical performance (after approximately 5 years) than adults with sarcopenia. Loss of functionality was greater in adults with sarcopenia (OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.2-11.4) than in adults without sarcopenia. In addition, the risks of falls (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.3) and osteoporosis (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2-6.6) were higher in older persons with sarcopenia than those without sarcopenia. The measurements and results were completed for the beta and release tests with a mean time of 10 minutes and 11 minutes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a software for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in older Chilean adults that can be used on a mobile device or a computer with good sensitivity and specificity, thus allowing for the development of programs for the prevention, delay, or reversal of this disease. To our knowledge, HTSMayor is the first software to diagnose sarcopenia. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/13657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lera
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Bárbara Angel
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Carlos Márquez
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Saguez
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Piovezan RD, Oliveira D, Arias N, Acosta D, Prince MJ, Ferri CP. Mortality Rates and Mortality Risk Factors in Older Adults with Dementia from Low- and Middle-Income Countries: The 10/66 Dementia Research Group Population-Based Cohort Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:581-593. [PMID: 32310178 PMCID: PMC7306886 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is the main cause of disability in older people living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Monitoring mortality rates and mortality risk factors in people with dementia (PwD) may contribute to improving care provision. OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate mortality rates and mortality predictors in PwD from eight LMICs. METHODS This 3-5-year prospective cohort study involved a sample of 1,488 older people with dementia from eight LMIC. Total, age- and gender-specific mortality rates per 1,000 person-years at risk, as well as the total, age- and gender-adjusted mortality rates were estimated for each country's sub-sample. Cox's regressions were used to establish the predictors of mortality. RESULTS At follow-up, vital status of 1,304 individuals (87.6%) was established, of which 593 (45.5%) were deceased. Mortality rate was higher in China (65.9%) and lower in Mexico (26.9%). Mortality risk was higher in males (HR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.32,1.87) and increased with age (HR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03,1.06). Neuropsychiatric symptoms (HR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01,1.05), cognitive decline (HR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03,1.05), undernutrition (HR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.02), physical impairments (HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03,1.29), and disease severity (HR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.22,1.63) predicted higher mortality risk. CONCLUSION Several factors predicted higher mortality risk in PwD in LMICs. Males, those with higher age, higher severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, higher number of physical impairments, higher disease severity, lower cognitive performance, and undernutrition had higher mortality risk. Addressing these indicators of long-term adverse outcomes may potentially contribute to improved advanced care planning, reducing the burden of disease in low-resourced settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo D. Piovezan
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Psychobiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Déborah Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicole Arias
- Institute for Justice Research and Development, College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Daisy Acosta
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena (UNPHU), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Martin J. Prince
- King’s College London, Health Services and Population Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cleusa P. Ferri
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Psychobiology, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, International Research Centre Health Technology Assessment Unit, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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The association of VDR polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in older people living in community in Santiago de Chile. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:31. [PMID: 29795525 PMCID: PMC5968031 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several polymorphisms have been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in different populations. OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequencies of a genetic polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (FokI and BsmI) in patients with T2D. METHODS The case-control study was conducted in 138 patients with T2D and 172 control subjects, men and women (60-79 years old). The genotype and allele frequency determination of VDR polymorphisms were determined in these subjects. RESULTS The frequency of the C allele of the FokI polymorphism was significantly higher in the T2D group than in healthy subjects (p = 0.025). The frequencies of the BsmI variant were similar in subjects with and without T2D (p = 0.747). Consistent with these data, there was an association of the C allele with T2D (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.003-3.084, p = 0.036), but not the AG + GG variants for BsmI (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.635-1.649, p = 0.916). We can observe a significant association between carrier of the T > C variant of FokI and type 2 diabetes, adjusted for vitamin D, age, obesity (overweight and obesity), seasonality, sex and Homa-IR. Here, we show a significant association between the FokI polymorphisms (TC + CC) and T2D with an odds ratio of 1.9001 (95% CI (1.0970-3.6838), p = 0.041). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the C allele (TC + CC) of the VDR-FokI gene is a possible risk factor for T2D in older people living in a community in Santiago de Chile.
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Lera L, Albala C, Leyton B, Márquez C, Angel B, Saguez R, Sánchez H. Reference values of hand-grip dynamometry and the relationship between low strength and mortality in older Chileans. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:317-324. [PMID: 29503536 PMCID: PMC5826209 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s152946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was aimed to set reference values of hand-grip strength by age and sex and validate cut points for risk of functional limitation and mortality in older Chileans. Methods This was a pooled analysis of four studies including 6,426 people ≥60 years of nondependent community-dwelling Chileans. After exclusion criteria, the final sample included 5,250 subjects, from whom 2,193 were followed to study all-cause mortality associated with low hand-grip strength. Face-to-face interviews registering sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported chronic diseases, and functional limitations were conducted. Anthropometric measurements and observed mobility were performed by trained professionals. Hand-grip strength was measured with a hand dynamometer T-18 (Country Technology, Inc.) before 2008 or with JAMAR brand from 2008 onwards. Percentiles were calculated through descriptive analysis and quantile regression models for specific groups of age and sex. Adjusted Cox regression hazard models for mortality risk according to low dynamometry condition and covariates were developed. Results We deliver reference values of hand-grip strength for older Chileans proposing the 25th percentile as the cut-off point for low dynamometry risk: men ≤27 kg, women ≤15 kg. Low hand-grip strength was associated with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living limitations (p=0.001), and altered physical performance evaluated through the Timed Up and Go test (p=0.0001), grasping (p=0.001), bending (p<0.0001), and lifting (p<0.0001). After Cox proportional hazard regression models were assessed with a median follow-up of 9.2 years, the adjusted risk of all-cause mortality associated with a hand-grip strength lower than the 25th percentile in older Chileans showed a hazard ratio of 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.13–1.71). Conclusion The cut-off points of dynamometry validated for the older Chileans allow the incorporation in the geriatric evaluation in primary health care of an easy-to-use, inexpensive indicator to identify older adults at risk of sarcopenia, frailty, and dismobility. In addition this also helps to optimize the evaluation of intervention strategies focused on the maintenance of functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lera
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Leyton
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Márquez
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Angel
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Saguez
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Sánchez
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Pereira IFDS, Spyrides MHC, Andrade LDMB. [Nutritional status of elderly Brazilians: a multilevel approach]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2017; 32:S0102-311X2016000500709. [PMID: 27276697 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00178814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to diagnose the nutritional status of the elderly Brazilian population and to identify associated factors. The study used data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey (2008/2009) for 20,114 elderly, whose nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI). Associated factors were tested with the Pearson chi-square test and multilevel linear models. The hierarchical analysis showed a significant effect of state of Brazil on BMI variance (p-value = 0.001). The individual level showed a negative association (p-value < 0.001) with Asian-descendant race, male gender, living alone, and older age and a positive association with per capita income. Underweight was more prevalent among elderly in rural areas (26.3%) and in the Northeast (23.7%) and Central regions (20.9%), and obesity was more prevalent in the South (45.1%) and Southeast (38.3%) and in cities (39%). The study suggests the importance of further in-depth research on nutritional status of elderly based on contextual variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Freitas da Silva Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil., Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal , Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Constantino Spyrides
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil., Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal , Brazil
| | - Lára de Melo Barbosa Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil., Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal , Brazil
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Alzahrani SH, El Sayed IA, Alshamrani SM. Prevalence and factors associated with geriatric malnutrition in an outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2016; 36:346-351. [PMID: 27710987 PMCID: PMC6074319 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2016.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is highly prevalent among the elderly and is associated with poor clinical prognosis, decreased functional status, and increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of geriatric malnutrition among outpatients of a geriatric clinic and to determine factors associated with malnutrition. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Geriatric outpatient clinic of the King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients older than 60 years of age who attended the clinic during January 2016 were eligible for inclusion. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric data and by hemoglobin and albumin levels and lymphocyte count. The MNA was used to define malnutrition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Anthropometric measures, biochemical tests, and the scores on the short version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). RESULTS According to the MNA results, 8 (5.3%) of 152 elderly patients suffered overt malnutrition and 50 (32.9%) were at risk of malnutrition (71 males and 41 females; aged 72.4 [8.6] years). The prevalence of malnutrition was significantly higher among females (44.6%; 95% CI, 1.01-4.08; P=.044) than in males (28.3%). Malnourished patients were older than patients with normal nutritional status (mean 72.4 [8.6] years), and more common in patients who lived alone (62.5%). The malnourished patients had significantly smaller calf circumferences (63.4; 95% CI, 1.51-3.20; P=.001), and lower albumin and hemoglobin levels (P=.001). A significantly higher percentage of the malnourished patients compared with normal patients had experienced weight loss (37.9%; P < .001) and decreased food intake (56.9%; P < .001) during the previous three months. Binary logistic regression revealed that being female and living alone were significant predictors for being categorized as malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. CONCLUSION The prevalence of malnutrition is high among geriatric outpatients. Routine screening for malnutrition among geriatric patients would allow early diagnosis and prompt intervention. LIMITATIONS The heterogeneity of the study group (different diseases at different stages) could influence the generalizability of our findings. The relatively small number of patients (P=.002) is a potential limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Hamdan Alzahrani
- Sami H. Alzahrani, Department of Family and Community Medicine,, King Abdulaziz University,, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia, T: +966126408403, , ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6786-7184
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Fauziana R, Jeyagurunathan A, Abdin E, Vaingankar J, Sagayadevan V, Shafie S, Sambasivam R, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Body mass index, waist-hip ratio and risk of chronic medical condition in the elderly population: results from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) Study. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:125. [PMID: 27315800 PMCID: PMC4912714 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to establish the prevalence and relationship of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) with chronic health conditions and their associated socio-demographic correlates in the elderly population of Singapore. METHODS The data was extracted from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) study, a comprehensive single phase, cross-sectional, population-based, epidemiological study conducted in 2013 among Singaporean residents (n = 2565) aged 60 years and above with a mean age of 72.7 years (range 60 to 105, SD = 9.53). The respondents were assessed with anthropometric measurements including height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and WHR. Participants provided information on their socio-demographic details and chronic health conditions. RESULTS Prevalence of those who were obese, overweight, normal and underweight based on BMI was 8.7 %, 33.4 %, 52.5 % and 5.5 % respectively. Malays were more likely to be overweight compared to Chinese and Indians, while Malays and Indians were more likely to be obese compared to Chinese. Participants who were never married were less likely to be overweight compared to married. Participants aged 85 years and above were more likely to be underweight compared to those aged 60-75 years. Prevalence of high WHR (above 0.90 for men and 0.80 for women) was 79.8 % and this was more pervasive amongst Indians. Participants who were homemakers were more likely to have high WHR while those with tertiary education tended to have low WHR. Being overweight was associated with hypertension and heart problems, while obesity was associated with hypertension and diabetes, and a high WHR was associated with hypertension and diabetes. There were no significant differences in the other chronic conditions in this elderly population. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the importance of anthropometric measurements in the elderly and its association with certain chronic physical conditions, indicating their utility in the clinical management of these conditions in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Restria Fauziana
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Anitha Jeyagurunathan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Janhavi Vaingankar
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Vathsala Sagayadevan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Saleha Shafie
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Rajeswari Sambasivam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
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Angel B, Lera L, Sánchez H, Oyarzún A, Albala C. FokI polymorphism in vitamin D receptor gene: Differential expression of TNFα in peripheral mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetic subjects. Meta Gene 2016; 7:1-6. [PMID: 30941281 PMCID: PMC5963422 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION FokI polymorphism has been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in some populations. OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequencies of a genetic polymorphism of Vitamin D receptor (FokI) in patients with T2D and control subjects and investigate the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the expression of pro-inflammatory markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS The case-control study was conducted in 160 patients with T2D and 160 control subjects, men and women (30-74 years old). The genotype and allele frequency of FokI polymorphisms were determined in these subjects. Subsequently a subgroup of 40 subjects was included from which PBMCs were removed. In vitro, the culture medium was supplemented with two different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3(10- 8 M and 10- 10 M). The expression profiles of TNFα and mRNA were analysed by qPCR, and GAPDH and β-actin were used as housekeeping genes. RESULTS The control subjects have an increased frequency of the FF genotype. In subjects with T2D, the ff genotype was associated with higher HOMA-IR values than individuals with genotype Ff (p = 0.021). In vitro study in PBMCs showed differential expression of TNFα mRNA by FokI genotype, with a lower expression of this marker of inflammation in FF genotype subjects at a concentration of 10- 8 M of 1,25(OH)2D3. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that VDR FokI polymorphism is associated with T2D, and the genotypes Ff and ff of this variant show a reduced response or resistance to the anti-inflammatory action of VitD, which could indicate a functional role of FokI polymorphism of VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Angel
- Public Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile
| | - Lydia Lera
- Public Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile
| | - Hugo Sánchez
- Public Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile
| | - Amaya Oyarzún
- Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Public Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile
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Ong HL, Chang SHS, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Jeyagurunathan A, Shafie S, Magadi H, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Association of Grip Strength, Upper Arm Circumference, and Waist Circumference with Dementia in Older Adults of the WiSE Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:996-1001. [PMID: 27925139 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of handgrip strength, upper arm circumference, and waist circumference with dementia among Singapore older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional epidemiological study. SETTING Residential homes, day care centres, nursing homes and institutions. PARTICIPANTS 2,565 men and women aged 60 years and above who participated in the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) study in 2013. MEASUREMENTS Socio-demographic correlates, dietary habits, health behaviours, grip strength, upper arm circumference, and waist circumference were collected. Grip strength was measured using a hand dynamometer with the dominant hand. Upper arm circumference was measured using a measuring tape around the thickest part of the upper arm while waist circumference measured in centimetres was measured at the narrowest part of the body between the chest and hips for women, and measured at the level of the umbilicus for men. Dementia was diagnosed using the 10/66 dementia diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Mean grip strength was 13.07 kg (SE=0.60) for people with dementia and 21.98 kg (SE=0.26) for people without dementia. After adjusting for all factors, grip strength remained significantly associated with dementia (p <0.0001). Upper arm circumference was associated with dementia (p <0.0001) but this association was only significant in the univariate analysis. Waist circumference was not significantly associated with dementia. CONCLUSIONS Lower grip strength was independently associated with dementia in the older adult population in Singapore. Further research needs to be done to ascertain whether this association exists for specific types of dementia and look into the relationship of other anthropometric measurements with dementia in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Ong
- Hui Lin Ong, Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore.
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Anthropometric characteristics and body composition in Mexican older adults: age and sex differences. Br J Nutr 2015; 115:490-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnthropometric reference data for older adults, particularly for the oldest old, are still limited, especially in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to describe sex- and age-specific distributions of anthropometric measurements and body composition in Mexican older adults. The methods included in the present study were assessment of height, weight, BMI, calf circumference (CC), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) as well as knee height in a sample of 8883 Mexican adults aged 60 years and above and the estimation of sex- and age-specific differences in these measures. Results of the study (n 7865, 54 % women) showed that men are taller, have higher BMI, and larger WC than women, whereas women presented higher prevalence of obesity and adiposity. Overall prevalence of underweight was 2·3 % in men and 4·0 % in women, with increasing prevalence with advancing age. Significant differences were found by age group for weight, height, WC, HC, CC, BMI and knee height (P<0·001), but no significant differences in waist–hip circumference were observed. Significant differences between men and women were found in height, weight, circumferences, BMI and knee height (P<0·001). These results, which are consistent with studies of older adults in other countries, can be used for comparison with other Mexican samples including populations living in the USA and other countries with similar developmental and socio-economic conditions. This information can also be used as reference in clinical settings as a tool for detection of individuals at risk of either underweight or overweight and obesity.
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Sass A, Marcon SS. Comparação de medidas antropométricas de idosos residentes em área urbana no sul do Brasil, segundo sexo e faixa etária. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-9823.2015.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Comparar o índice de massa corporal (IMC), dobra cutânea tricipital (DCT), perímetro do braço (PB), circunferência muscular do braço (CMB) e área muscular do braço em idosos (AMB), segundo sexo e faixa etária. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com idosos residentes na área urbana de Sarandi-PR, selecionados a partir dos setores censitários e domicílios. Os dados foram coletados no período de outubro de 2010 a março de 2011, com verificação de peso, estatura, PB e DCT e após, calculados IMC, CMB e AMB. Os valores obtidos apresentam-se sob a forma de média, desvio-padrão e percentil, com comparação entre os sexos e as faixas etárias. Na análise foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado, t Student, ANOVA e Tukey. Diferenças entre os valores médios foram consideradas significativas quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios do IMC (28,80 x 27,26), DCT (20,93 x 12,52) e PB (31,92 x 30,90) foram significativamente maiores entre as mulheres, enquanto os homens apresentaram valores médios de CMB (26,97 x 25,35) significativamente maiores. A média da AMB também foi maior entre os homens (48,97 x 45,81), mas não de forma significativa. Os valores médios de todas as variáveis diminuíram com o avançar da idade nos dois sexos, com exceção da DCT nos homens. Observou-se, ainda, que a proporção de idosos com obesidade foi significativamente maior entre as mulheres (35,9% x 24,2%). CONCLUSÃO: Mulheres apresentaram valores médios maiores para a maioria das variáveis antropométricas analisadas. A diminuição nos valores dessas variáveis com o avançar da idade nos dois sexos, inclusive de forma mais acentuada nas mulheres, constitui indicativo da necessidade de monitoramento nutricional e de implementação de estratégias que evitem perdas patológicas na composição corporal de idosos.
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Muscle function-dependent sarcopenia and cut-off values of possible predictors in community-dwelling Turkish elderly: calf circumference, midarm muscle circumference and walking speed. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1087-90. [PMID: 25782425 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of muscle strength-based sarcopenia and to determine possible predictors. SUBJECTS/METHODS This is a cross-sectional population-based study in the community-dwelling Turkish elderly. Anthropometric measurements, namely body height, weight, triceps skin fold (TSF), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference (WC) and calf circumference (CC), were noted. The midarm muscle circumference (MAMC) was calculated by using MUAC and TSF measurement. Sarcopenia was assessed, adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and gender, according to muscle strength. Physical performance was determined by 4 m walking speed (WS; m/s). The receiver operating curve analysis was performed to determine cut-offs of CC, MAMC and 4 m WS. RESULTS A total of 879 elderly subjects, 50.1% of whom were female, were recruited. The mean handgrip strength (HGS) and s.d. was 24.2 (8.8) kg [17.9 (4.8) female, 30.6 (7.1) male]. The muscle function-dependent sarcopenia was 63.4% (female 73.5%, male 53.2%). The muscle mass-dependent sarcopenia for CC (<31 cm) and MAMC(<21.1 cm in males, <19.9 cm in females) was 6.7% and 7.3%, respectively. The prevalence of low 4 m WS (≤ 0.8 m/s) was 81.8% (91.3% in females and 72.3% in males, respectively). We compared MAMC, CC and 4 m WS and found that AUC for 4 m WS was the best predictor of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS An adequate muscle mass may not mean a reliable muscle function. Muscle function may describe sarcopenia better compared with muscle mass. The CC, MAMC and 4 m WS cut-offs may be used to assess sarcopenia in certain age groups.
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de Souza LB, Papini SJ, Corrente JE. Relationship between Nutritional Status and Functional Capacity for Older People. Health (London) 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2015.79124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Allen VJ, Methven L, Gosney MA. Use of nutritional complete supplements in older adults with dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes. Clin Nutr 2013; 32:950-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Menezes TND, Brito MT, Araújo TBPD, Silva CCM, Nolasco RRDN, Fischer MATS. Perfil antropométrico dos idosos residentes em Campina Grande-PB. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-98232013000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil antropométrico dos idosos residentes em Campina Grande - PB. Este estudo é populacional, transversal e domiciliar. Os dados são apresentados sob a forma de média, desvio-padrão e percentil (P5, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90 e P95) do peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), perímetro do braço (PB), dobra cutânea tricipital (DCT), circunferência muscular do braço (CMB), perímetro da panturrilha (PP) e perímetro da cintura (PC). Foi realizado o teste t Student para verificar a diferença dos valores médios das variáveis entre os sexos. Foi realizada a análise de variância (ANOVA) para verificar o efeito da idade nas variáveis. Foram avaliados 806 idosos (60 anos ou mais). Os valores médios de todas as variáveis apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os sexos. As médias das variáveis peso, estatura, CMB, PP e PC foram significativamente maiores entre os homens, enquanto que as médias de IMC, PB e DCT foram significativamente maiores entre as mulheres. Todas as variáveis apresentaram tendência de declínio entre os grupos etários mais avançados. Os resultados mostram que o padrão antropométrico dos idosos deste estudo segue a tendência de outros estudos, no entanto, os valores diferem. Dessa forma, sugere-se que estes possam ser usados para auxiliar na avaliação antropométrica de idosos.
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de Almeida MF, Marucci MDFN, Gobbo LA, Ferreira LS, Dourado DAQS, Duarte YADO, Lebrão ML. Anthropometric changes in the Brazilian cohort of older adults: SABE survey (health, well-being, and aging). J Obes 2013; 2013:695496. [PMID: 23710348 PMCID: PMC3655563 DOI: 10.1155/2013/695496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the anthropometric changes in a home-based cohort of Brazilian older adults who participated in the SABE Survey, conducted in 2000 and 2006. A total of 1030 men and women were examined by age group: 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years. This representative sample consists of the survivors of the 2000 cohort. The following anthropometric variables were assessed: body mass, arm muscle, waist and calf circumferences, triceps skinfold thickness, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and arm muscle area according to mean values and percentile distribution. Except for body mass and body mass index, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed among the assessed anthropometric variables during the follow-up period. The older adults ≥80 years presented the lowest values. The reduction in the mean values of triceps skinfold thickness was greater (30%) than that of waist circumference (9%) and was more pronounced in women (21%) than in men (9%). Arm muscle circumference and area reduced by 8% and 19%, respectively, in men and 1% and 3%, correspondingly, in women. Our findings revealed reductions in the mean values for all anthropometric variables in the follow-up period from 2000 to 2006 among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ferreira de Almeida
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), Doutor Arnaldo Avenue 715, 2nd Floor, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Nunes Marucci
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), Doutor Arnaldo Avenue 715, 2nd Floor, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
- *Maria de Fátima Nunes Marucci:
| | - Luís Alberto Gobbo
- Department of Physical Education, Center of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Silva Ferreira
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-240, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Lucia Lebrão
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
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Elmadbouly MA, Elhafez AMA. Assessment of Nutritional Status of Hospitalized Elderly Patients in Makkah Governorate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2012.984.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gitlin LN, Fuentes P. The Republic of Chile: an upper middle-income country at the crossroads of economic development and aging. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2012; 52:297-305. [PMID: 22534464 PMCID: PMC4047290 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gns054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chile is a developing country with a rapidly expanding economy and concomitant social and cultural changes. It is expected to become a developed country within 10 years. Chile is also characterized as being in an advanced demographic transition. Unique challenges are posed by the intersection of rapid economic development and an aging population, making Chile an intriguing case study for examining the impact of these societal-level trends on the aging experience. This paper highlights essential characteristics of this country for understanding its emerging aging society. It reveals that there is a fundamental lack of adequate and depthful epidemiologic and country-specific research from which to fully understand the aging experience and guide new policies in support of health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Gitlin
- Department of Health Systems and Outcomes, School of Nursing, Center for Innovative Care in Aging, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and disability among older adults in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55:e40-7. [PMID: 22564360 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between WC and BMI on disability among older adults from LAC. METHODS Cross-sectional, multicenter city study of 5786 subjects aged 65 years and older from the Health, Well-Being and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean (SABE) study (1999-2000). Sociodemographic variables, smoking status, medical conditions, BMI, WC, and activities of daily living (ADL) were obtained. RESULTS Prevalence of high WC (HWC) (> 88 cm) in women ranged from 48.5% (Havana) to 72.7% (Mexico City), while among men (> 102 cm) it ranged from 12.5% (Bridgetown) to 32.5% (Santiago). The associations between WC and ADL disability were "J" shaped, with higher risks of ADL disability observed above 110 cm for women in Bridgetown, Santiago, Havana, and Montevideo. The association in Sao Paulo is plateau with higher risk above 100 cm, and the association in Mexico City is closer to linear. Among men the associations were "U" (Bridgetown, Sao Paulo, and Havana), "J" shaped (Montevideo), plateau (Santiago), and closer to linear in Mexico City. When WC and BMI were analyzed together, we found that participants from Sao Paulo, Santiago, Havana, and Montevideo in the overweight or obese category with HWC were significantly more likely to report ADL disability after adjusting for all covariates. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that both general and abdominal adiposity are associated with disability and support the use of WC in addition to BMI to assess risk of disability in older adults.
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Dong HJ, Unosson M, Wressle E, Marcusson J. Health consequences associated with being overweight or obese: a Swedish population-based study of 85-year-olds. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60:243-50. [PMID: 22283806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether being overweight or obese is associated with significant health outcomes in an 85-year-old population. DESIGN A cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING Linköping, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred thirty-eight people born in 1922 were identified using the local authority's register. MEASUREMENTS Data related to sociodemographic characteristics, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), assistance use, and the presence of diseases were collected using a postal questionnaire. Anthropometry and functional status were assessed during home and geriatric clinic visits. Diseases were double-checked in the electronic medical records, and information about health service consumption was obtained from the local healthcare register. RESULTS Overweight (body mass index (BMI) 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2)) and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m(2)) participants perceived more difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and had more comorbidity than their normal-weight counterparts (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), but their overall HRQoL and health service costs did not differ from those of normal-weight participants. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, being overweight did not influence IADLs or any comorbidity, but obese participants were more likely to perceive greater difficulty in performing outdoor activities (odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-4) and cleaning (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2-4.2) than their normal-weight counterparts. Although obesity was also associated with multimorbidity (OR = 3, 95% CI = 1.2-8), the health service cost of each case of multimorbidity (n = 251) was highest in normal-weight participants and nearly three times as much as in obese participants (ratio: 2.9, 95% CI = 1.1-8.1). CONCLUSION For 85-year-olds, being obese, as opposed to overweight, is associated with self-reported activity limitations and comorbidities. Overweight older adults living in their own homes in this population had well-being similar to that of those with normal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ji Dong
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Nascimento CDM, Ribeiro AQ, Cotta RMM, Acurcio FDA, Peixoto SV, Priore SE, Franceschini SDCC. Estado nutricional e fatores associados em idosos do Município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2011; 27:2409-18. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2011001200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigaram-se as prevalências de baixo peso e excesso de peso, bem como os fatores associados em idosos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 621 idosos residentes no Município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, realizado em 2009. As informações foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas domiciliares e se referiam à avaliação do estado nutricional, condições sociodemográficas e de saúde. Do total de pessoas estudadas, 53,3% eram do gênero feminino. A mediana do IMC foi de 26,40kg/m² (mínima 15,20 e máxima 46,82) e foi menor para os homens do que para as mulheres. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi elevada (45%; IC95%: 40%-49%), diminuiu com a idade, associou-se positivamente ao gênero feminino e história de artrite/artrose, e negativamente à faixa etária de 80 anos ou mais e ao tabagismo. A prevalência de baixo peso foi maior no gênero masculino (18,2%), aumentou com o avanço da idade e associou-se positivamente à pior percepção de saúde. O conjunto dos resultados salientam a importância de estratégias em saúde que favoreçam mudanças no estilo de vida e hábitos alimentares saudáveis.
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Belbraouet S, Chau N, Tebi A, Debry G. Anthropometric characteristics of hospitalised elderly women: a case-control study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:2584-92. [PMID: 21845147 PMCID: PMC3155318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8072584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the anthropometric status of 451 hospitalised female patients aged 70 or over, at their admission to hospital, in reference to 77 healthy women of the same age. The most frequent diseases were circulatory diseases (40.8%), mental disorders (29.9%), respiratory diseases (12.4%), endocrine and metabolic diseases (11.5%), osteomuscular diseases (8.4%), and traumatisms (6.9%). The differences were significantly high for mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), weight, weight/height, and body mass index (BMI). The patients with cancers, blood diseases, mental disorders, respiratory disease, digestive diseases, or traumatisms had the lowest values. All the indicators correlated in a similarly negative way with age. The decreased TSF was more pronounced among subjects with respiratory diseases. Measurement of anthropometric indicators, TSF in particular, should be part of preventive measures aimed at reducing malnutrition and its consequences in a hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimane Belbraouet
- Ecole de Nutrition, 51 A Maillet, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Nearkasen Chau
- INSERM, U669, IFR25-IFRH, Maison de Solenn, 97 Boulevard de Port Royal, F-75679 Paris cedex 14, France; E-Mail:
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S0669, rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Ambroise Tebi
- Centre de Nutrition Humaine, Université Henri Poincaré-Nancy 1, rue Lionnois, F-54000 Nancy, France; E-Mails: (A.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Gérard Debry
- Centre de Nutrition Humaine, Université Henri Poincaré-Nancy 1, rue Lionnois, F-54000 Nancy, France; E-Mails: (A.T.); (G.D.)
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Lim J, Kim S, Ke S, Cho B. The Prevalence of Obesity, Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome among Elderly in General Population. Korean J Fam Med 2011. [DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2011.32.2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Lim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyeun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soshin Ke
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Da Silva Coqueiro R, Rodrigues Barbosa A, Ferreti Borgatto A. Nutritional status, health conditions and socio-demographic factors in the elderly of Havana, Cuba: data from SABE survey. J Nutr Health Aging 2010; 14:803-8. [PMID: 21125196 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association of nutritional status with sex, age, race/color, education, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, and hospitalization in older adults residing in the city of Havana, Cuba. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, population-based household survey. A total of 1,905 persons (1,197 women and 708 men; ≥ 60 years) were examined between 1999 and 2000, selected by probabilistic sampling. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI): BMI < 22.0 kg/m2 = underweight; BMI > 27.0 kg/m2 = overweight. Multinomial logistic regression analysis (crude and adjusted) was used. RESULTS The estimation of the prevalence of underweight was 33.0% and that of overweight was 29.6%. The adjusted regression model showed that the probability of underweight was higher in older age groups (OR = 1.63, 70-79 years; OR = 2.05, ≥ 80 years) and among smokers (OR = 1.83). There was negative association between underweight, and hypertension and diabetes. Hypertension (OR = 1.99) was positively associated with overweight. The lower likelihood of overweight was observed among men, smokers, and those aged 80 years and more. CONCLUSION The elderly population of Havana presents a vulnerable nutritional status in view of the prevalence of underweight and overweight. Increasing age, smoking, gender, and hypertension are the factors positively associated with vulnerable nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Da Silva Coqueiro
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, BA, Brazil
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Vasconcelos FDAGD, Cordeiro BA, Rech CR, Petroski EL. Sensitivity and specificity of the body mass index for the diagnosis of overweight/obesity in elderly. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2010; 26:1519-27. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2010000800006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to verify the sensitivity and specificity of the body mass index (BMI) cut-off points proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) for the diagnosis of obesity in the elderly. A cross-sectional study was made with 180 healthy elderly subjects from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Body fat percentage (%BF) was determined using DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry). The BMI cut-off point of the NSI offers better sensitivity and specificity for men (73.7% and 72.5% respectively). For women, the lower the cut-off point the better the sensitivity, with a BMI of 25kg/m² (sensitivity of 76.3% and specificity of 100%) being the most accurate for diagnosing obesity in elderly women. The WHO cut-off point offered very low sensitivity (28.9%). The results of this investigation lead to the conclusion that the cut-off points proposed by the WHO and the ones adopted by the NSI and by Lipschitz are not good indicators of obesity for the elderly of either sex, since they offer low sensitivity.
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Menezes TND, Marucci MDFN. Avaliação antropométrica de idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência de Fortaleza-CE. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-98232010000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar as variáveis antropométricas de idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência (ILP) de Fortaleza/CE. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram investigados idosos (60 anos ou mais), de ambos os sexos, residentes em seis instituições de longa permanência da cidade de Fortaleza. As variáveis antropométricas avaliadas foram: índice de massa corporal (IMC), dobra cutânea tricipital (DCT) e circunferência muscular do braço (CMB). Para análise do IMC, DCT e CMB, foram utilizados os valores propostos por Kuczmarski et al. (2000), que são apresentados em percentis. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 305 idosos (69,2% mulheres), cuja média etária foi 75,9 anos (DP=9,5 anos). Os resultados indicaram que, quanto ao IMC, 66% dos homens apresentaram baixo peso. As mulheres apresentaram maior prevalência de excesso de peso (12,3%), quando comparadas aos homens (7,4%). Quanto ao grupo etário, os idosos do grupo 60-69 anos apresentaram maior prevalência de baixo peso (58,4%). De acordo com a DCT, as mulheres apresentaram maior prevalência de reduzida reserva adiposa (31,5%), em relação aos homens. Os idosos com 80 anos ou mais apresentaram elevada proporção de indivíduos com excesso de reserva adiposa (35,6%), quando comparados aos demais grupos etários. A proporção de idosos desnutridos, quanto à CMB, foi elevada em ambos os sexos (91,7% e 77,2% dos homens e mulheres, respectivamente). Em todos os grupos etários, os idosos apresentaram elevadas prevalências de desnutrição. CONCLUSÕES: De acordo com estes resultados, conclui-se que os idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência da cidade de Fortaleza apresentam risco nutricional, o que implica a necessidade de intervenções.
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Life course socioeconomic adversity and age at natural menopause in women from Latin America and the Caribbean. Menopause 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181ceca7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Machado RSP, Coelho MASC, Coelho KSC. Percentual de gordura corporal em idosos: comparação entre os métodos de estimativa pela área adiposa do braço, pela dobra cutânea tricipital e por bioimpedância tetrapolar. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-98232010000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Comparar e avaliar o grau de concordância dos percentuais de gordura corporal em idosos por três diferentes métodos: pela área adiposa do braço (AAB), pela prega cutânea tricipital (PCT) e por bioimpedância (BIA). MÉTODOS: Realizou-se pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, de corte transversal, com 395 idosos residentes em abrigos conveniados com o município do Rio de Janeiro - RJ. As variáveis utilizadas foram: medidas de massa corporal, estatura, circunferência da cintura, circunferência do braço, prega cutânea tricipital, Índice de Massa Corporal, circunferência muscular do braço, área muscular do braço, área do braço e a equação de Siri. Para associação das variáveis, utilizou-se o Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson (r), α =0,05, e para concordância, o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI), com limite de 0,75. RESULTADOS: Todos os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse (CCI) entre as variáveis foram estatisticamente significantes. Comparando os três métodos, o CCI foi de 0,855, com Intervalo do Confiança (IC) de (0,826-0,881). Todos os métodos também apresentaram elevada correlação com as variáveis antropométricas isoladamente, sendo maior a do percentual de gordura por bioimpedância com o IMC, r=0,935 p=0,000. As mulheres apresentaram maior percentual de gordura pelos três métodos, com p<001. CONCLUSÃO: Todos percentuais de gordura apresentaram associação estatisticamente significante com as variáveis antropométricas, o %G BIA apresentou melhor correlação com o IMC, que reflete a massa corporal total e com a CC, que reflete o depósito abdominal. As mulheres tiveram maior percentual de gordura corporal. O %G AAB e o %G SIRI tiveram boa concordância entre eles, sendo que ambos refletem medidas nos membros superiores. O método utilizado influi na estimativa do percentual de gordura a partir dos membros superiores. A AAB sobreestima o percentual de gordura com relação à Equação de Siri e BIA, e seu uso como estimador de gordura global deve ser mais bem estudado.
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Portero-McLellan KC, Staudt C, Silva FRF, Delbue Bernardi JL, Baston Frenhani P, Leandro Mehri VA. The use of calf circumference measurement as an anthropometric tool to monitor nutritional status in elderly inpatients. J Nutr Health Aging 2010; 14:266-70. [PMID: 20305992 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify the nutritional status of hospitalized elderly and verify if calf circumference can be a tool to monitor nutritional status in this population. METHODS A total of 170 inpatients (79 men and 91 women) aged more than 60 years were assessed. Anthropometric and dietary assessments were done according to standard procedures. The software STATISTICA 6.0 was used for the statistical analysis. The confidence interval was set at 95% and significance level at 5% (p < 0.05). RESULTS Body mass index assessment revealed a high rate of underweight patients (45.3%), and arm circumference and triceps skinfold revealed a high prevalence of depletion. Males had more lean mass according to the mid-arm muscle circumference (p=0.017) and mid-arm muscle area (p=0.01), and females presented higher triceps skinfold values (p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between calf circumference and Body Mass Index (p < 0.001), arm circumference (p=0.001), triceps skinfold (p=0.001), mid-arm muscle circumference (p=0.001), and mid-arm muscle area (p=0.001). CONCLUSION This study found a positive correlation between calf circumference and nutritional status of assessed patients indicating that this measurement can be used as a complementary tool for monitoring the nutritional status of elderly inpatients.
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Muñoz AM, Falque-Madrid L, Zambrano RC, Maestre GE. Basic anthropometry and health status of elderly: findings of the Maracaibo Aging Study. J Aging Health 2010; 22:242-61. [PMID: 20133958 DOI: 10.1177/0898264309357444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine basic anthropometry for elderly participants in a Venezuelan community and compare results for subgroups with different health status. METHOD Standardized anthropometric, nutritional, neurological, neuropsychiatric, and cardiovascular assessments generated data on weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) by sex and age for the total sample, for normative groups without health problems that might impact anthropometry, and for reference groups with no major health problems. Centile curves of anthropometric measurements versus age are determined for women and men in the normative group. RESULTS Mean weight and height are significantly different between sexes, but not BMI. All three parameters show gradual declines with age. The mean 90% central interval for BMI in the normative and reference groups is 20-29 kg/m(2). CONCLUSION The anthropometric data for healthy elderly Venezuelans can be used in monitoring anthropometric changes and disease risk analysis for this population and possibly for other Latin American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica M Muñoz
- University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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The use of calf circumference measurement as an anthropometric tool to monitor nutritional status in elderly inpatients. J Nutr Health Aging 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12603-009-0189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lera L, Luis Santos J, García C, Arroyo P, Albala C. Predictive equations for stature in the elderly: A study in three Latin American cities. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 32:773-81. [PMID: 16418050 DOI: 10.1080/03014460500421304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop predictive equations based on anthropometric data to estimate stature in people 60 years and older in Latin America. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study in three Latin American cities. SUBJECTS Sample sizes were n=1657 (Sao Paulo, Brazil), n=1004 (Santiago, Chile) and n=995 (Mexico City, Mexico). METHOD The prediction equations were fitted by stepwise linear regression analysis. For each country and sex, samples were randomly split into two sub-samples (training and validation sub-samples) using the cross-validation method. RESULTS Stepwise regression analysis in the training sample revealed that only knee-height and age had a significant effect on the prediction of height. The values of the shrinkage statistic were below 0.1 indicating the reliability of the prediction equations. The regression equations had standard errors of estimate ranging from 3.3 cm (Chile), 3.6 cm (Brazil) and 4.0 cm (Mexico) for women, and 3.7 cm (Mexico and Chile) and 3.8 cm (Brazil) for men. CONCLUSIONS Sex-specific stature prediction equations based on knee-height and age were obtained from large representative samples from selected cities of Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lera
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Chronic Diseases and Genetic Epidemiology Research Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile.
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Nutritional assessment interpretation on 22 007 Spanish community-dwelling elders through the Mini Nutritional Assessment test. Public Health Nutr 2009; 12:82-90. [DOI: 10.1017/s136898000800195x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of undernutrition among community-dwelling elderly people in Spain using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and to analyse its distribution according to age, gender and residence region.DesignCross-sectional study assessing the nutritional status of elderly persons through both the short form and the full version of the MNA test.SettingPharmacy offices across the whole country (Spain) were enrolled to recruit participants.SubjectsA total of 22 007 participants (8014 men and 13 993 women), aged ≥65 years, assessed during the last two months of 2005.ResultsAccording to MNA screening, 4·3 % subjects were classified as undernourished (MNA score <17) and 25·4 % were at risk of undernutrition (MNA score ≥17 to ≤23·5). The MNA short form correlated strongly with the full MNA version (r = 0·85). MNA total score was significantly higher in men than in women (25·4 (sd 3·7) v. 24·6 (sd 3·9); P < 0·001) and lower in the oldest than in the youngest subjects (P < 0·001) in both genders. According to regional distribution, the best nutritional status was found in elderly from the north of Spain excluding the north-west area.ConclusionsFemale gender, older age and living in the south half or north-west of the country were associated with higher rates of undernutrition among community-dwelling elderly persons in Spain.
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Coqueiro RDS, Barbosa AR, Borgatto AF. Anthropometric measurements in the elderly of Havana, Cuba: Age and sex differences. Nutrition 2009; 25:33-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Santos JL, Amador P, Valladares M, Albala C, Martínez JA, Marti A. Obesity and eating behaviour in a three-generation chilean family with carriers of the Thr150Ile mutation in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene. J Physiol Biochem 2008; 64:205-10. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03178843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
OBJETIVO: Identificar o estado nutricional, segundo o índice de massa corporal, e fornecer informações sobre medidas antropométricas de idosos institucionalizados no município de Florianópolis (SC). MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, no qual a população em estudo foi composta por 232 idosos, com idade a partir de 60 anos, residentes em instituições geriátricas do município de Florianópolis (SC). A avaliação antropométrica foi realizada obtendo-se o valor do índice de massa corporal, da prega cutânea triciptal e da circunferência da panturrilha. O diagnóstico do estado nutricional foi realizado utilizando-se os pontos de corte preconizados pela Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde para índice de massa corporal. Os dados são apresentados sob a forma de média e desvio-padrão. Foi realizado o teste t de Student para verificar a diferença entre os valores médios das variáveis entre os sexos. RESULTADOS: A amostra constituiu-se de 167 idosos de ambos os sexos. Encontrou-se uma prevalência de 45,5% de baixo peso, 33,5% de peso normal, 7,8% de pré-obesidade e 13,2% de obesidade. Para todas as variáveis antropométricas, o valor médio das mulheres foi superior ao dos homens. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados encontrados indicaram a prevalência de 66,5% da amostra com estado nutricional inadequado, evidenciando a necessidade de medidas de promoção ou reabilitação da saúde dos idosos. Os dados mostram que há diferenças entre os sexos com relação ao estado nutricional e às variáveis índice de massa corporal e prega cutânea triciptal, além de contribuírem para a ampliação do referencial antropométrico de idosos institucionalizados.
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Menezes TND, Marucci MDFN. Perfil dos indicadores de gordura e massa muscular corporal dos idosos de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2007; 23:2887-95. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2007001200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as variáveis indicadoras de gordura e massa muscular dos idosos de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Este estudo é populacional, transversal, domiciliar, realizado com idosos (60 anos ou mais) residentes em Fortaleza. As variáveis verificadas foram: dobra cutânea tricipital (DCT), área de gordura do braço (AGB), perímetro do braço (PB), circunferência muscular do braço (CMB), área muscular do braço (AMB) e área muscular do braço corrigida (AMBc). Foram avaliados 483 idosos. O valor médio da DCT das mulheres foi significativamente superior ao dos homens (p < 0,05), assim como o valor médio da AGB (p < 0,05). As variáveis CMB, AMB e AMBc apresentaram valor médio maior entre os homens, quando comparados às mulheres (p < 0,05). Em todas as variáveis houve diminuição dos valores médios e percentil com o avançar dos grupos etários, com exceção do percentil da DCT para as mulheres. O padrão antropométrico e de composição corporal dos idosos deste trabalho segue a tendência de outros estudos, no entanto, os valores diferem. Com isso, sugere-se que as informações deste estudo sejam utilizadas como padrão de referência para idosos de Fortaleza.
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de Freitas SN, Caiaffa WT, César CC, Cândido APC, Faria VA, Neto RMDN, Machado-Coelho GLL. A comparative study of methods for diagnosis of obesity in an urban mixed-race population in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Public Health Nutr 2007; 10:883-90. [PMID: 17532865 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980007352452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundObesity is defined as an excess of total body fat and may be assessed by different methods. The objective of the present study was to establish the discriminatory power of anthropometric data in determining obesity.MethodsThe subjects comprised 685 individuals, aged 20–79 years, sampled from a population-based survey. The following indicators were used: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and total body fat percentage estimated with both Siri's equation (%BF Siri) and foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis (%BF BIA). Sensitivity and specificity of different cut-off points for each method were determined using %BF BIA as reference.ResultsOf 685 participants, 57.6% were aged ≥ 40 years, 69.9% were women and 72.6% self-referred themselves as non-white. To classify obesity based on sex and age among women aged < 40 years, the cut-off points were BMI of 26.0 kg m− 2, WC of 84.0 cm and %BF Siri of 34.0%; in those aged ≥ 40 years, the cut-off points were 28.0 kg m− 2, 90.0 cm and 37.4%, respectively. The cut-off points among men aged < 40 years were BMI of 26.3 kg m− 2, WC of 86.0 cm and %BF Siri of 22.5%, and in those aged ≥ 40 years, 26.3 kg m− 2, 89.0 cm and 24.5%, respectively. BMI was the method with the largest area under the curve (AUC) independent of sex and sex/age, yet no differences were observed in AUC between BMI and WC (P>0.05). Classifying according to skin colour did not change cut-off points in any indicator.ConclusionBMI and WC better discriminate obesity among women and men aged ≥ 40 years from a mixed-race population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Nascimento de Freitas
- Department of Social and Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), University Campus, Morro do Cruzeiro, CEP 35400/000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
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Albala C, Villarroel A, Santos JL, Angel B, Lera L, Liberman C, Sanchez H, Pérez-Bravo F. FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism and diabetes in Chilean elders. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 77:245-50. [PMID: 17292994 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism has been associated with insulin resistance and diabetes in several populations. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of FABP2 genotypes in 223 Chilean subjects (136 women and 87 men aged 65-79 years) and its association with type 2 diabetes in a 4 years follow-up. METHODS Glucose, Insulin and lipids were measured in fasting plasma samples. Insulin resistance was estimated through the homeostasis model assessment. Diabetes was diagnosed according ADA criteria. The Ala54Thr allelic variant was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Logistic regression techniques were used to assess gene-disease associations. RESULTS Genotype frequencies were estimated as 30.5, 49.3 and 20.2% for the Ala/Ala, Ala/Thr and Thr/Thr, respectively. The crude OR for the association between Thr54 carriers and diabetes was estimated as 2.18 (1.12-4.24). The corresponding OR for the association between Thr54 carriers with Metabolic Syndrome was 1.06 (0.59-1.88). After adjustment by BMI and age, a significant association persists for Thr54Thr carriers and diabetes (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.113-6.527). The 4-year cumulative incidence of diabetes was higher in Thr carriers than in non-carriers (20.1% versus 8.5%; p<0.04). The adjusted association between Thr54Thr polymorphism and diabetes incidence was OR 3.84 (95% CI: 1.140-12.910) CONCLUSION Our results strongly suggest an association between the Ala54Thr polymorphism of FABP2 with diabetes, revealing a genetic dosage effect regarding its association with diabetes in Chilean elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Albala
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Chronic Diseases & Genetic Epidemiology Research Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA) University of Chile, Casilla, Santiago, P.O. Box 138-1, El Libiano 5524, Chile.
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Santos JL, Lera L, Pérez-Bravo F, Albala C. Adiposity and bone mineral density of Chilean elderly women in relation to toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms. Ann Hum Biol 2007; 33:585-92. [PMID: 17381056 DOI: 10.1080/03014460601011798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that the toll-like receptor-4 gene (TLR4) may participate in the development of obesity and osteoporosis, in addition to its well-known role in the immune response. On the other hand, the adipose tissue of obese subjects shows an increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which is released after lipopolysaccharide recognition by TLR4. AIM To estimate the allele/genotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium measures of Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms of the TLR4 gene in the Chilean elderly population, and to screen for their association with variables related to adiposity or bone mineral density. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study group included 227 unrelated Chilean elderly women (61-95 years) recruited from a population-based sample. Adiposity and bone mineral density measures were obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS The allele frequencies for TNF -308A, TLR4 299Gly and TLR4 -399Ile were 9.3%, 4.6% and 4.4%, respectively, with Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile being in strong linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.88). Although seriously restricted by the low frequency of the allele variants, no relevant association between genotypes and adiposity-related variables were found. Likewise, no significant association between osteoporosis status (categorized as osteoporosis, osteopenia or normal status) with TLR4 Asp299Gly or TNF -308G>A genotypes was found. CONCLUSION It is unlikely that TLR4 Asp299Gly, TLR4 Thr399Ile or TNF -308G>A polymorphisms have a major influence on adiposity, bone mineral density or osteoporosis status in Chilean elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Santos
- Laboratory of Genetic and Nutrition Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Anthropometric measures and nutritional status in a healthy elderly population. BMC Public Health 2007; 7:2. [PMID: 17201919 PMCID: PMC1769489 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthropometric evaluation is an essential feature of geriatric nutritional evaluation for determining malnutrition, being overweight, obesity, muscular mass loss, fat mass gain and adipose tissue redistribution. Anthropometric indicators are used to evaluate the prognosis of chronic and acute diseases, and to guide medical intervention in the elderly. We evaluated anthropometric measurements and nutritional status as they relate to age and gender in healthy elderly people. Methods The study analyzed data from the national survey "Health needs and health service use by older-than-60-year-old beneficiaries of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS)". The present study included only individuals who reported no chronic disease in the last 20 years and had no hospital admission in the two months prior to the survey. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body circumference (arm, waist, hip and calf), waist to hip ratio (WHR), elbow amplitude and knee-heel length. Results Application of the inclusion criteria resulted in a study population elderly of 1,968, representing 12.2% of the original number in the national survey in urban areas beneficiaries of the IMSS. The study population comprised 870 women and 1,098 men, with a mean age of 68.6 years. The average weights were 62.7 kg for women and 70.3 kg for men (p < 0.05), and the mean heights were 1.52 m for women and 1.63 m for men (p < 0.05). Age related changes in anthropometric values were identified. BMI values indicated that 62.3% of the population was overweight, and 73.6% of women and 16.5% of men had high fat tissue distribution. Conclusion Our findings suggest that applying the BMI thresholds that identify being overweight in the general adult population may lead to an overestimation in the number of overweight elderly Similar problems appear to exist when assessing waist circumference and WHR values. Prospective studies are required to determine the associations between health and BMI, waist circumference and WHR in the elderly.
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Weinbrenner T, Vioque J, Barber X, Asensio L. Estimation of Height and Body Mass Index from Demi-Span in Elderly Individuals. Gerontology 2006; 52:275-81. [PMID: 16974098 DOI: 10.1159/000094608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2005] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obtaining accurate height and, consequently, body mass index (BMI) measurements in elderly subjects can be difficult due to changes in posture and loss of height during ageing. Measurements of other body segments can be used as an alternative to estimate standing height, but population- and age-specific equations are necessary. OBJECTIVE Our objectives were to validate existing equations, to develop new simple equations to predict height in an elderly Spanish population and to assess the accuracy of the BMI calculated by estimated height from the new equations. METHODS We measured height and demi-span in a representative sample of 592 individuals, 271 men and 321 women, 65 years and older (mean +/- SD, 73.8 +/- 6.3 years). We suggested equations to predict height from demi-span by multiple regression analyses and performed an agreement analysis between measured and estimated indices. RESULTS Height estimated from demi-span correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with measured height (men: r = 0.708, women: r = 0.625). The best prediction equations were as follows: men, height (in cm) = 77.821 + (1.132 x demi-span in cm) + (-0.215 x 5-year age category); women: height (in cm) = 88.854 + (0.899 x demi-span in cm) + (-0.692 x 5-year age category). No significant differences between the mean values of estimated and measured heights were found for men (-0.03 +/- 4.6 cm) or women (-0.02 +/- 4.1 cm). The BMI derived from measured height did not differ significantly from the BMI derived from estimated height either. CONCLUSION Predicted height values from equations based on demi-span and age may be acceptable surrogates to derive accurate nutritional indices such as the BMI, particularly in elderly populations, where height may be difficult to measure accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Weinbrenner
- Departamento Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández Elche-Alicante, Alicante, España.
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