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Al-Bisher MM, Al-Otaibi HH. Is Adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines Associated with Eating Concerns Symptoms among Saudi Young Females? Nutrients 2024; 16:1931. [PMID: 38931285 PMCID: PMC11206548 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) offer broad recommendations based on scientific evidence, focusing on food groups rather than nutrients that should be included in the diet. Emerging adulthood (18-30 years) is a critical period for poor dietary quality and mental health. Eating habits (EHs) are formed early in life and are influenced by various factors, such as emotional state, which can lead to either binge or restricted eating, ultimately increasing the risk of eating disorders (EDs). This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the extent of adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines (SHPDGs) and its potential association with Eating Concerns (ECs) among Saudi females (aged 18-30 years) from all provinces in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A validated online questionnaire was used to assess eating behaviors (EBs) using the Starting The Conversation (STC) instrument and EC symptoms using the Eating Disorders Screen for Primary Care (ESP) screening tool. RESULTS The total sample size was 1092 participants with a mean age of 23.02 ± 3.47. Only 0.7% of the participants adhered to the SHPDGs and were free of EC symptoms. Conversely, 50.4% of participants who exhibited EC symptoms had poor adherence to the SHPDGs. Across Saudi Arabian provinces, high adherence to the SHPDGs was more prominent in both the Eastern and Western provinces (37.5%) than in the Central and Southern provinces (0%). The most striking result was that the Central province exhibited a high percentage of poor adherence to the SHPDGs (25.6%). Moreover, high adherence to SHPDGs was not associated with the probability of ECs. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed a trend of poor adherence to SHPDGs among Saudi females, with a large proportion also experiencing EC symptoms. Accordingly, the authors recommend increasing awareness within the Saudi community about SHPDGs using educational campaigns on social media platforms to enhance the importance of adopting a healthy diet, especially among females, and demonstrate that the impact on their health and well-being is that they are experiencing multiple phases that involve pregnancy and giving birth involves specific nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala Hazam Al-Otaibi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Kaličanin D, Cvek M, Barić A, Škrabić V, Punda A, Boraska Perica V. Associations between vitamin D levels and dietary patterns in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1188612. [PMID: 37215216 PMCID: PMC10198619 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1188612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D insufficiency is a global health problem affecting healthy and diseased individuals, including patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Identifying dietary factors that may affect vitamin D levels and providing dietary guidelines accordingly can alleviate this problem. We therefore aimed to identify still unknown associations of dietary patterns, assessed through the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with vitamin D blood levels. Materials and methods FFQ was collected from 459 patients from Croatian Biobank of Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (CROHT), while total 25(OH)D was measured from their stored serum samples. We performed linear regression analysis between vitamin D levels and weekly intake of 24 food groups in 459 patients with HT (ALL), and in two disease-severity groups (MILD and OVERT). Results The main results of our study are observations of: (1) an inverse association between vitamin D levels and coffee consumption (ALL: β = -0.433, p = 0.005; OVERT: β = -0.62, p = 0.008); (2) an inverse association between vitamin D levels and sweets consumption (ALL: β = -0.195, p = 0.034; OVERT: β = -0.431, p = 0.006); (3) positive association between vitamin D levels and vegetable consumption (ALL: β = 0.182, p = 0.019; OVERT, β = 0.311, p = 0.009). Importantly, effect sizes of all three associations were more prominent in HT patients with prolonged and more severe disease (OVERT). Conclusion Further research into the functional and causal relationships of the observed associations is important to provide guidance regarding coffee/sugar intake on vitamin D status. A well-balanced diet can help prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve the quality of life of patients with HT, especially those in later stages of disease characterized by greater metabolic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Kaličanin
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Cvek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Barić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Veselin Škrabić
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ante Punda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Alashmali S, Aljaaly E. Investigating the quality of breakfast for female adolescents using a multi-method approach in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33248. [PMID: 36961177 PMCID: PMC10035993 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakfast has been shown to provide nutritional adequacy and improve the healthy lifestyle status of adolescents. However, limited information is available on the quality of breakfast among adolescents. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of breakfast among adolescents using a multiple-method approach in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted in 3 public high schools in Al-Jumum, Saudi Arabia. High school females (n = 174) aged 15 to 18 years old were selected considering the regularity of consuming breakfast (≥ 4 d/wk and not after 10:00 a.m.). The quality of breakfast was assessed using 3 approaches: the modified Saudi food frequency questionnaire, the adapted method of breakfast quality, and the nutrient profile model. Sweet food items were consumed most frequently (64.9%, n = 113), followed by drinks (57.4%, n = 100), while the least frequently consumed items were sandwiches and burgers (43.52%, n = 76), snacks (41.9%, n = 72), and dairy and fats (41.8%, n = 71). The majority of breakfast eaters were classified as eating breakfasts of poor quality (50.6%), while the rest ate breakfasts of either good quality (38.1%) or very poor breakfast quality (10.8%). Based on the nutrient profile model of breakfast, high fat salt sugar (HFSS) food/drink items and non-HFSS items were consumed by 44.4% and 55.5% of the participants, respectively. This study showed that the majority of female adolescents consume poor-quality breakfast, mostly sweets and sweetened beverages. The nutrient content analysis emphasized these results by presenting a similar consumption of non-HFSS and HFSS breakfast foods. Future education programs on healthy breakfast options should be implemented among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoug Alashmali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Aljaaly
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Bajamal E, Robbins LB. Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Appl Nurs Res 2023; 69:151660. [PMID: 36635015 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for becoming overweight or obese and developing chronic conditions that lead to an increase in mortality globally. Inadequate physical activity (PA) has been a problem among Arabic-speaking populations, including female adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Unfortunately, psychometrically sound measures to assess PA among female adolescents in Saudi Arabia are lacking, indicating that a reliable, valid and feasible self-report measure is urgently needed for use with this young Arabic-speaking population. METHODS A cross-sectional study approved by a university institutional review board was conducted with 383 Saudi female adolescents, 13-18 years of age, who were recruited from 10 all-female public schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Physical activity was measured via the PAQ-A, which assesses the level of PA engagement during the school year for 7 days. Internal consistency was estimated. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the measure's construct validity and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess convergent validity. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha was 0.81, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.11 to 0.61. Both EFA and CFA indicated a single-factor. The scale was significantly correlated with other cognitive and affective variables that reflected the physical activity perceptions among the female adolescents, such as enjoyment of PA, PA self-efficacy and social support for PA. CONCLUSIONS The Arabic version of the PAQ-A is reliable and valid measure for assessing PA among Arabic-speaking female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Bajamal
- College of Nursing, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 6565, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC).
| | - Lorraine B Robbins
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, C-245, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Hamhoum AS, Aljefree NM. Knowledge and Attitudes towards Vitamin D among Health Educators in Public Schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122358. [PMID: 36553883 PMCID: PMC9777692 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Health educators in schools are a very important part of the education system. Considering the significant prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, it is important to investigate the knowledge of and attitude towards vitamin D among health educators. This study aims to examine the knowledge of and attitude towards vitamin D among health educators in public schools in Jeddah as well as to identify the associated sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and December 2021 among 231 health educators. Data were collected via a self-administered online questionnaire. The results revealed that only 45% of health educators had good knowledge of vitamin D, and approximately 43% had a positive attitude towards vitamin D. Additionally, those who had good knowledge of vitamin D were males (58.7%) (p = 0.005) and had a bachelor's degree (74%) (p = 0.01). Moreover, male health educators aged 45-54 years had a positive attitude towards vitamin D (3.8 ± 0.7) (p = 0.007). In addition, female health educators who were divorced (3.8 ± 0.7) and widowed (3.6 ± 0.5) (p = 0.04) and those who were administrators (3.3 ± 0.7) (p = 0.01) had a positive attitude towards vitamin D. The Ministry of Education (MOE) in the Kingdom must educate health educators through educational programmes that aim to increase the knowledge of and develop a positive attitude towards vitamin D intake.
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Basil M, Chmagh AA, Hassan MS. The Predictive Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Urinary Tract Infection at Reproductive Age in Women. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common health infections in pregnant women with high complications. Many of the worldwide population suffer from vitamin D deficiency (VDD) due to insufficient exposure to sunlight. The relationship between VDD and UTI and giving vitamin D supplementation contributes to preventing UTI.
AIM: The present study aims to find the effect of VDD and UTIs in women of reproductive age as risk factors during pregnancy.
METHODS: The samples were collected from May 2020 to February 2021 from gynecology clinic outpatients and private clinics in Basrah city. A 104 sample was collected from females of reproductive age between 15 and 45 years divided into three age groups suffering recurrent UTI and VDD.
RESULTS: Of 104 women who followed up with UTIs during the study period, the deficiency of vitamin D levels in women was 62.5%. The levels of deficiency were significantly higher in the age group 25-34y is 71.1%, followed by 15-24y is 63.2%, and 35-45 y is 50% with mean 24 ± 6.8 years. In addition, the results showed the vitamin D levels at an insufficient level (30.8%) higher in the age group 35-45 y is 42.9% with a mean of 10 ± 1.2. Furthermore, the results showed that the vitamin D levels at an insufficient level (30.8%) higher in the age group 35–45 years are 42.9% with a mean of 10 ± 1.2.
CONCLUSION: Our current study revealed that there is a clear correlation between women who suffer from VDD and UTIs, whether severe or frequent infection at reproductive age and this affects their fertility and pregnancy. In addition, the study concluded that adolescent girls and young women are the most vulnerable to VDD and UTIs.
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AlKhafaji D, Al Argan R, Albaker W, Al Elq A, Al-Hariri M, AlSaid A, Alwaheed A, Alqatari S, Alzaki A, Alwarthan S, AlRubaish F, AlGuaimi H, Ismaeel F, Alsaeed N, AlElq Z, Zainuddin F. The Impact of Vitamin D Level on the Severity and Outcome of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Disease. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:343-352. [PMID: 35027842 PMCID: PMC8752578 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s346169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The world is experiencing a life-altering and extraordinary situation in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. There are limited data and controversies regarding the relationship between vitamin D (Vit D) status and COVID-19 disease. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the association between Vit D levels and the severity or outcomes of COVID-19 disease. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia from January to August 2021. All the admitted patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection were distributed into three groups depending on their Vit D levels: normal, insufficiency, and deficiency. For the three groups, demographic data, and laboratory investigations as well as data regarding the severity of COVID-19 were collected and analysed. Results A total of 203 diagnosed cases of COVID-19 were included in this study. The Vit D level was normal (>30) in 31 (15.3%) cases, insufficient in 45 (22.2%) cases and deficient in 127 (62.6%) cases. Among the included cases, 58 (28.6%) were critical cases, 109 (53.7%) were severe and 36 (17.7%) had a mild-moderate COVID-19 infection. The most prevalent comorbidity of patients was diabetes mellitus 117 (57.6%), followed by hypertension 70 (34.5%), cardiac disease 24 (11.8%), chronic kidney disease 19 (9.4%) and chronic respiratory disease in 17 (8.4%) cases. Importantly, the current study did not detect any significant association between Vit D status and COVID-19 severity (p-value=0.371) or outcomes (hospital stay, intensive care units admission, ventilation, and mortality rate) (p-value > 0.05), even after adjusting the statistical model for the confounders. Conclusion In hospital settings, Vit D levels are not associated with the severity or outcomes of COVID-19 disease. Further, well‐designed studies are required to determine whether Vit D status provides protective effects against worse COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania AlKhafaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al Argan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Al Elq
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir AlSaid
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Alwaheed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safi Alqatari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alzaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alwarthan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah AlRubaish
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya AlGuaimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatema Ismaeel
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidaa Alsaeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab AlElq
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Zainuddin
- Department of Medical Allied Services, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Sumaih I, Donnelly M, O’Neill C. The use of finite mixture models to examine the serum 25(OH)D levels among Saudis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260748. [PMID: 34847185 PMCID: PMC8631613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recorded serum 25(OH)D in survey data varies with observed and unobserved respondent characteristics. The aim of this study was to expose latent population sub-groups and examine variation across groups regarding relationships between serum 25(OH)D and observable characteristics. METHODS This study explored the role of unobserved heterogeneity on associations between surveyed 25(OH)D and various factors using a sample (n = 2,641) extracted from the Saudi Health Interview Survey (2013). Linear regression and finite mixture models (FMM) were estimated and compared. The number of latent classes in the FMM was chosen based on BIC score. RESULT Three latent classes were identified. Class I (39.82%), class II (41.03%), and class III (19.15%) with mean 25(OH)D levels of 22.79, 34.88, and 57.45 ng/ml respectively. Distinct patterns of associations with nutrition, behaviour and socio-demographic variables were recorded across classes that were not revealed in pooled linear regression. CONCLUSION FMM has the potential to provide additional insights on the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and observable characteristics. It should be more widely considered as a method of investigation in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Al-Sumaih
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Donnelly
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran O’Neill
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Al-Daghri NM, Hussain SD, Ansari MGA, Khattak MNK, Aljohani N, Al-Saleh Y, Al-Harbi MY, Sabico S, Alokail MS. Decreasing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the central region of Saudi Arabia (2008-2017). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 212:105920. [PMID: 34004334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Widespread vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L) in Saudi Arabia (SA) has been documented, yet a time trend is needed to establish where the prevalence is headed. This study aims to fill this gap. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING This cross-sectional series (N = 7360) were conducted in the central region of SA from 2008 to 2017. Participants of all ages were taken from multiple cohorts that included the Biomarker Screening in Riyadh (2008-2010; N = 1460), the Osteoporosis Registry (2014-2017; N = 1225), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus cohort (2014-2017, N = 281), Vitamin D School Project (2011-2017; N = 3039) and Prediabetes cohort (2012-2017; N = 1355) master databases. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency in SA has a 10-year prevalence of 73.2 %. Between 2008-2017, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency decreased from 87.1% to 64.7% for participants aged 18-40 years (p-trend<0.001), and from 86.2% to 45.7% in participants aged > 40 years (p-trend<0.001). During this period, vitamin D deficiency in females decreased from 80.1% to 69.6% (p-trend<0.001), whereas in males, it decreased from 93.2% to 49.3% (p-trend<0.001). Serum 25(OH)D was observed to have an overall increase of 2.2 ± 0.1 nmol/l (p < 0.001) along with the seasonally adjusted annual increase of 1.3 ± 0.2 nmol/l from 2008 to 2017 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The decreasing trend in vitamin D deficiency in SA across all demographics suggests successful public health campaigns over time. It will be interesting to investigate further whether the general improvement in the vitamin D status at the community level also translated in lesser incidences of vitamin d-related diseases over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Danish Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed G A Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak N K Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji Aljohani
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Al-Saleh
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Y Al-Harbi
- Diabetes Centers and Units Administration, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Ayyadhi N, Refaat LAE, Ibrahim MM, Abd ElGalil HM. Screening for Bone Mineral Density and Assessment Knowledge Level of Low Peak Bone Risk Factors and Preventive Practices Among Kuwaiti Future Mothers. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:1983-1991. [PMID: 33376338 PMCID: PMC7755344 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s280261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attaining greater peak bone mass (PBM) prior to the onset of bone loss is getting increasing public health attention as healthy strong bones are essential to maintain our life. Females are more susceptible to bone loss. Knowledge and awareness about low peak bone mass and its related risk factors are important contributors to its preventive behavior. Objective To screen apparently healthy young Kuwaiti future mothers for low bone mineral density (BMD) and to assess their knowledge level about determinants of PBM and preventive practices. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study on 445 eligible women aged 18–35 years (either students or employees from Kuwait University) was performed. Data on socio-demographic and lifestyle variables were obtained by a semi-structured questionnaire. Their knowledge was assessed using the modified Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT). Bone mineral Density (BMD) was measured using Quantitative Ultrasonography (QUS). Results More than half (59.3%) of females had poor knowledge. A statistically significant relation was noted between the overall knowledge score and age, college, occupation, and socioeconomic class (P<0.05 for each). Only 13.9% have low Z-score by QUS. By logistic regression, less carbonated beverages and coffee consumption positively affect BMD, while inadequate exercises level, indoor exposure to sunlight, and less frequency of brisk walking negatively affect BMD. Conclusion Unacceptable knowledge score significantly associated with BMD Z-score status. More attention should be devoted to education programs targeting adolescents and young females to promote knowledge about PBM and practice towards accrual and maintenance of bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Al-Ayyadhi
- Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Laila Abd ElRaheem Refaat
- Community and Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahasen Mohamed Ibrahim
- Community and Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Mohamed Abd ElGalil
- Community and Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Geddawy A, Al-Burayk AK, Almhaine AA, Al-Ayed YS, Bin-Hotan AS, Bahakim NO, Al-Ghamdi S. Response regarding the importance of vitamin D and calcium among undergraduate health sciences students in Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:114. [PMID: 32705622 PMCID: PMC7376825 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D and calcium are essential dietary components for human body, and their deficiency is linked to poor bone health and osteoporosis. Adequate knowledge of health staff regarding vitamin D and calcium is critical for general population awareness. The current work was to evaluate the awareness regarding the importance of vitamin D and calcium among undergraduate health science students in Al Kharj. METHODS A self-distributed validated questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Undergraduate health science students in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University from the College of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Dentistry, and College of Applied Medical Science were included in the study. Students between the age of 18 and 25 years have participated in the study. RESULTS Four hundred fifty-seven undergraduate health science students participated in the study. The vast majority of students knew about the importance of calcium (96.7%) and vitamin D (95.4%), whereas only 89.4% knew about osteoporosis. The participant students reported in their answers that the sources of knowledge were the Internet (42.8%), physicians (41.5%), textbooks (21.2%), teachers (19.1%), family and relatives (18.3%), and/or other sources (6.1%). The overall attitude was poor in about (54%) of the participants showing gender differences regarding sun-exposure duration and supplementation of calcium and vitamin D. CONCLUSION The study revealed that both male and female undergraduate health science students in Al Kharj were familiar with the importance of vitamin D and calcium; however they reported improper attitude that warrants further health guidance and educational programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Geddawy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University 61511, Minia, Egypt
| | - Abdullah K Al-Burayk
- Undergraduate Medical Student, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Almhaine
- Undergraduate Medical Student, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser S Al-Ayed
- Undergraduate Medical Student, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah S Bin-Hotan
- Undergraduate Medical Student, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasraddin O Bahakim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Harakeh S, Angelakis E, Karamitros T, Bachar D, Bahijri S, Ajabnoor G, Alfadul SM, Farraj SA, Al Amri T, Al-Hejin A, Ahmed A, Mirza AA, Didier R, Azhar EI. Impact of smoking cessation, coffee and bread consumption on the intestinal microbial composition among Saudis: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230895. [PMID: 32348307 PMCID: PMC7190147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is often affected by the dietary and lifestyle habits of the host, resulting in a better efficacy that favors energy harvesting from the consumed food. Our objective was to characterize the composition of gut microbiota in adult Saudis and investigate possible association with lifestyle and dietary practices. Feces from 104 Saudi volunteers (48% males) were tested for microbiota by sequencing the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). For all participants, data were collected related to their lifestyle habits and dietary practices. The relative abundance (RA) of Fusobacteria was significantly higher in normal weight Saudis (P = 0.005, false discovery rate-FDR = 0.014). Individuals who consumed more coffee presented marginally significant more RA of Fusobacteria (P = 0.02, FDR = 0.20) in their gut microbiota compared to those reporting low or no coffee intake, but the RA of Fusobacteria was significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (P = 0.009, FDR = 0.027). The RA of Fusobacteria was also significantly higher in those reporting daily consumption of bread (P = 0.005, FDR = 0.015). At the species level, the gut microbiota of people who consumed coffee was dominated by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron followed by Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Eubacterium rectale. Similarly, the gut microbiota of smokers was also enriched by B. thetaiotaomicron and Lactobacillus amylovorus. Smoking cessation, bread and coffee consumption induce changes in the intestinal microbial composition of Saudis. This indicates the significance of diet and lifestyle practices in the determination of the composition of the gut microbiota, which could possibly lead later to changes in metabolic profile and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Harakeh
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Emmanouil Angelakis
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Timokratis Karamitros
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Dipankar Bachar
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Nutrition unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Ajabnoor
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Nutrition unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Suha A. Farraj
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Al Amri
- Family and Community Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine-Rabigh Branch, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Hejin
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdalla Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Mirza
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Laboratory Medical Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raoult Didier
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Laboratory Medical Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Borai A, Ichihara K, Masaud A, Tamimi W, Bahijri S, Armbuster D, Kawano R, Baarmah Z, Joatar F, Almohammadi M. Establishment of reference intervals for immunoassay analytes of adult population in Saudi Arabia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:1302-1313. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This is a second part of report on the IFCC global multicenter study conducted in Saudi Arabia to derive reference intervals (RIs) for 20 immunoassay analytes including five tumor makers, five reproductive, seven other hormones and three vitamins.
Methods
A total of 826 apparently healthy individuals aged ≥18 years were recruited in three clinical laboratories located in western, central and eastern Saudi Arabia using the protocol specified for the global study. All serum specimens were measured using Abbott, Architect analyzers. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) was performed to explore sources of variation of each analyte: age, body mass index (BMI), physical exercise and smoking. The magnitude of variation of reference values (RVs) attributable to sex, age and region was calculated by ANOVA as a standard deviation ratio (SDR). RIs were derived by the parametric (P) method.
Results
MRA revealed that region, smoking and exercise were not relevant sources of variation for any analyte. Based on SDR and actual between-sex differences in upper limits (ULs), we chose to partition RIs by sex for all analytes except for α-fetoprotein and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Age-specific RIs were required in females for ferritin, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, follitropin, luteotropin and prolactin (PRL). With prominent BMI-related increase, RIs for insulin and C-peptide were derived after excluding individuals with BMI > 32 kg/m2. Individuals taking vitamin D supplements were excluded in deriving RIs for vitamin D and PTH.
Conclusions
RIs of major immunoassay analytes specific for Saudi Arabians were established in careful consideration of various biological sources of variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Borai
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiyoshi Ichihara
- Faculty of Health Sciences , Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine , Ube , Japan
| | - Abdulaziz Masaud
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - David Armbuster
- Global Scientific Affairs, Abbott Diagnostics , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Reo Kawano
- Faculty of Health Sciences , Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine , Ube , Japan
| | - Ziad Baarmah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Joatar
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almohammadi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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14
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Hu H, He X, Zhang Y, Wu R, Chen J, Lin Y, Shen B. MicroRNA Alterations for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review and Computational Functional Survey. Front Genet 2020; 11:181. [PMID: 32194637 PMCID: PMC7063117 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease with a series of clinical symptoms. The use of screening biomarkers in OP management is therefore of clinical significance, especially in the era of precision medicine and intelligent healthcare. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs with the potential to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs may serve as biomarkers for OP prediction and prevention. However, few studies have emphasized the role of miRNAs in systems-level pathogenesis during OP development. In this article, literature-reported OP miRNAs were manually collected and analyzed based on a systems biology paradigm. Functional enrichment studies were performed to decode the underlying mechanisms of miRNAs in OP etiology and therapeutics in three-dimensional space, i.e., integrated miRNA–gene–pathway analysis. In particular, interactions between miRNAs and three well-known OP pathways, i.e., estrogen–endocrine, WNT/β-catenin signaling, and RANKL/RANK/OPG, were systematically investigated, and the effects of non-genetic factors on personalized OP prevention and therapy were discussed. This article is a comprehensive review of OP miRNAs, and bridges the gap between an understanding of OP pathogenesis and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Huainan First People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Huainan, China
| | - Xiaodi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Huainan First People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Huainan, China.,School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yazhong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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AlFaris NA, AlKehayez NM, AlMushawah FI, AlNaeem AN, AlAmri ND, AlMudawah ES. Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in Women from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20371. [PMID: 31889122 PMCID: PMC6937288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is an epidemic public health problem worldwide. It is common in the Middle East and is more severe in women. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors in women living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 166 women aged 30-65 years. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status characteristics, as well as intake of selected dietary supplements, were collected. Weight and height were measured. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was reported in 60.2% of participants. Mean of serum 25(OH)D was 20.7 ng/mL. Older age and taking the supplements of vitamin D, multi-vitamins or calcium were identified as factors that associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D. A national strategy is needed to control a hypovitaminosis D crisis in Saudi Arabia. This could be accomplished by raising public awareness regarding vitamin D, regulating and enhancing vitamin D fortification and supplementation and screening vitamin D status among women at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science (PhD), Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nora M AlKehayez
- Nutrition and Food Science (PhD), Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Nadia D AlAmri
- King Saud Medical City, P.O. Box 3897, Riyadh, 11196, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Lim HS, Byun DW, Suh KI, Park HK, Kim HJ, Kim TH, Lee HH. Is There a Difference in Serum Vitamin D Levels and Bone Mineral Density According to Body Mass Index in Young Adult Women? J Bone Metab 2019; 26:145-150. [PMID: 31555611 PMCID: PMC6746663 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2019.26.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the life cycle, bone mineral density (BMD) is the most optimal condition in the 20s. In Korea, vitamin D deficiency status is very serious in Korean women due to recent lack of activity, weight polarization, and inadequate nutritional intake. The purpose of this study was to compare serum vitamin D and BMD according to obesity status in Korean young adult women. Methods A total of 143 female college students participated in the research. Body fat and lean body status were analyzed using a body composition analyzer. Nutrient intakes of the subjects were assessed by 3-days food record method. The BMDs was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The subjects were divided into normal weight group and obesity group on their body mass index. Results Obesity group showed significantly higher weight, body fat (%), and body fat (kg) than normal weight group and T-scores of lumbar-2 spines were significantly lower. Obesity group showed high triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and vitamin D levels were significantly lower. Physical fitness and activity status showed that sit and reach and sit up were significantly lower in obesity group. The intake of carbohydrates was higher in the obesity group than in the normal weight group, and the intake of vitamin C and vitamin D was significantly lower. Factors affecting serum vitamin D were analyzed as body fat (%), lumbar-2 T-score, triglyceride, and carbohydrate intake. Conclusions Obese women need more effort to manage their serum vitamin D status and balanced nutrition to prevent bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeonsung University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong Won Byun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyo Il Suh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Kyu Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hae-Hyeog Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
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17
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Abu-Samak MS, AbuRuz ME, Masa'Deh R, Khuzai R, Jarrah S. Correlation of selected stress associated factors with vitamin D deficiency in Jordanian men and women. Int J Gen Med 2019; 12:225-233. [PMID: 31303782 PMCID: PMC6612048 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s198175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To identify stress associated factors for vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in healthy Jordanian people based on serum 25(OH)D levels. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-one Jordanian men and women aged 17–52 years, who were identified as VD deficient 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL, were eligible to participate in the study. Serum vitamin 25(OH) D was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Cortisol, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, fasting lipid profile, and blood glucose were also analyzed. Questionnaires were used to collect lifestyles parameters. Anthropometric parameters including: body mass index (BMI), waist (W) and hip (H) circumferences, W/H ratio (WHR) were also calculated. Results: The vast majority (91%) of the participants had vitamin D deficiency (25- (OH) D <30 ng/mL). Positive correlations were observed between vitamin D deficiency and the following anthropometric parameters in all study sample; gender (P=0.010), height (P=0.22), height/hip ratio (P=0.015) and waist/hip ratio (P=0.013). Lifestyle parameters that indicated very weak positive correlations with VDD were number of family members (P=0.011) and insufficient exposure to sunlight (P=0.023). The following clinical parameters showed weak or very weak correlations with VDD; serum cortisol (r=0.318), low density lipoprotein (r=0.246) and total cholesterol (r=0.133). Skin color and water pipe tobacco smoking were added to the multivariable stepwise regression analyses as they have been weakly correlated with VDD. These predictors together explained only 12.2% of the variance in serum cortisol levels in the VDD study sample. Conclusion: A weak positive association between VDD and elevated serum cortisol was observed in this study. Subcutaneous changes may be involved in that association but further studies are needed to clarify a potential role for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Abu-Samak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Eid AbuRuz
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rami Masa'Deh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rula Khuzai
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samiha Jarrah
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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18
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Revisited maxillary sinus pneumatization narrative of observation in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Saudi Dent J 2019; 31:212-218. [PMID: 30983831 PMCID: PMC6445443 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Maxillary sinus pneumatization (MSP), is linked worldwide to number of factors. MSP measurements and assessment alongside potential correlates in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia (SA) awaits identification. Materials and methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Taibah University Dental-College and Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah; SA. The analysis included 700 female patients digital Orthopantomogram (OPG), of which 535 (76%) OPGs were usable. MSP was established according to the distance between the maxillary sinus floor and posterior teeth apices number 15, 16, 17, 18, 25, 26, 27 and 28. MSP categorized as followed: Sever MSP (Category I), Moderate MSP (Category II) and No MSP/normal (Category III). Descriptive statistics, and inferential analysis were carried out. Results Mean age of the patients was 30.11 (±10.26) and 290 (54.5%) were Saudi nationals. Severe pneumatization (category I) was prominent in the right and left first and second molars, 16, 26, 17, 27 (66%, 64%, 63% and 62%, respectively). A statistically significant difference (P < 0.0005) was observed between pneumatization categories in all sites. Furthermore, the impact of young age on levels of MSP was statistically significant (P < 0.05) on most teeth. However, nationality was non-significantly (P > 0.05) associated with MSP levels. Conclusion High percentages of female patients showed bilateral sever MSP in the upper molar area, specifically, young age group. Clinical significance The oro-antral communication during extraction and surgical cases of female patients' maxillary teeth is possible. This should be considered during dentists' daily practice in this geographic area of SA.
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A Review of Knowledge, Belief and Practice Regarding Osteoporosis among Adolescents and Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081727. [PMID: 30103534 PMCID: PMC6121391 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Increasing knowledge, correcting health belief and promoting osteoprotective practices are effective measures for building and maintaining strong bone throughout ones’ life-span. This review aims to summarize the contemporary evidence on the knowledge, beliefs and practice of adolescents and young adults on bone health. We performed literature searches using the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify original studies from 2008 to May 2018 using the search terms “(knowledge OR beliefs OR attitude OR practice OR behaviours OR physical activity OR exercise OR diet OR nutrition) AND (young OR youth OR adolescents OR children OR young adults OR students OR teenager) AND (osteoporosis OR bone health)”. Of the 3206 articles found, 34 met the inclusion criteria. Studies showed that most adolescents and young adults had poor knowledge and expressed disinterest in osteoporosis. They believed that other diseases were more serious than osteoporosis, contributing to low perceived susceptibility and seriousness towards this disease. Popular media emerged as a platform to obtain information regarding osteoporosis. The lack of knowledge and misconceptions about osteoporosis led to poor osteoprotective practices. As a conclusion, the current evidence revealed a lack of awareness about osteoporosis among adolescents and young adults. Educational interventions may be useful to improve the awareness of osteoporosis among this population.
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