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Makena W, Hambolu JO, Umana UE, Iliya AI, Timbuak JA, Bazabang SA. Antidiabetic and in vitro antioxidant potential of Mormodica charantia L. fruit in Experimentally Induced Wistar Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-220035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The liver is a vital organ responsible for regulating the normal glucose homeostasis in the body system, and hepatic glucose metabolic dysregulation is one of the most critical elements in the pathogenesis of DM. METHOD: Twenty-five healthy rats aged seven weeks were divided into the following main groups; non-diabetic, diabetic untreated, diabetic treated with 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of MC fruit, and diabetic treated with Metformin (500 mg/kg). Different models of in vitro antioxidant assays of MC fruit were also determined. RESULTS: The results showed that MC fruit has high antioxidant potential against DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, good reducing ferric power, significant Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant activities. The FBG levels decreased significantly in MC fruit treatment groups compared to diabetes control (DC) rats. The histology of the hepatic tissue of the diabetic untreated rats revealed a marked depletion in glycogen granules and hepatic DNA. These negative features were ameliorated in the MC fruit treated rats, as consistent glycogen granule storage and improved hepatic DNA presence were observed in the MC fruit treated rats. CONCLUSION: MC fruit reduces blood glucose levels in a diabetic rat model, and it also preserves the hepatic DNA and glycogen granules. MC fruit has a significant in vitro antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusa Makena
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | | | - Uduak Emmanuel Umana
- Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | | | - James Abrak Timbuak
- Department of Human Anatomy, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
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Cao N, Li X, Zhang W, Wang Q, Liang Y, Zhou F, Xiao X. Research progress of signaling pathways of the natural substances intervene dyslipidemia (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:494. [PMID: 35813312 PMCID: PMC9257764 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is an umbrella term for a range of lipid metabolic disorders in the body. This condition has been widely reported to greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, threatening human health. In recent years, advances in molecular biology have deepened understanding of the dyslipidemia-related signaling pathways and specific mechanisms underlying dyslipidemia. Signaling pathways possess the ability to transmit an extracellular signal to the inside of the cell, leading to specific biological effects. Lipid metabolism disorders and lipid levels in the blood are frequently affected by aberrant alterations in the dyslipidemia-related signaling pathways. Therefore, further investigations into these pathways are required for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia. The present review summarizes the characteristics of six dyslipidemia-associated signaling pathways: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, farnesoid X receptor, forkhead box O, adipocytokine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathways. In particular, specific focus was placed on previous experimental studies and reports on the intervention effects of natural substances (compounds from animals, plants, marine organisms and microorganisms) on dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Wanjing Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Fujun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Binhai, Tianjin 300301, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Xiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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3
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Hu S, Chen Y, Zhao S, Sun K, Luo L, Zeng L. Ripened Pu-Erh Tea Improved the Enterohepatic Circulation in a Circadian Rhythm Disorder Mice Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13533-13545. [PMID: 34726418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucolipid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and inflammation are closely related to circadian rhythm disorder (CRD). Ripened Pu-erh tea (RPT) shows significant antidyslipidemic, antihyperurecemic, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is unclear whether healthy population are affected by CRD and whether long-term consumption of RPT can alleviate it. To investigate this problem, healthy mice were pretreated with RPT (0.25%, w/v) for 60 days and then subjected to CRD for 40 days. Our results indicated that healthy mice showed obesity, and the intestinal and liver inflammation increased after CRD, which were associated with the development of a metabolic disorder syndrome. RPT effectively reversed this trend by increasing the production and excretion rates of bile acid. RPT reshaped the disorder of gut microbiota caused by CRD and promoted the change of archaeal intestinal types from Firmicutes-dominant type to Bacteroidota-dominant type. In addition, by repairing the intestinal barrier function, RPT inhibited the infiltration of harmful microorganisms or metabolites through enterohepatic circulation, thus reducing the risk of chronic liver inflammation. In conclusion, RPT may reduce the risk of CRD-induced obesity in mice by increasing bile acid metabolism. The change of bile acid pool contributes to the reshaping of gut microflora, thus reducing intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress induced by CRD. Therefore, we speculated that the weakening of CRD damage caused by RPT is due to the improvement of bile acid-mediated enterohepatic circulation. It was found that 0.25% RPT (a human equivalent dose of 7 g/60 kg/day) has potential for regulating CRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Sibo Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Sun
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyong Luo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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Cortez-Navarrete M, Méndez-Del Villar M, Ramos-González EJ, Pérez-Rubio KG. Momordica Charantia: A Review of Its Effects on Metabolic Diseases and Mechanisms of Action. J Med Food 2021; 24:1017-1027. [PMID: 33733863 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The global rise in the prevalence of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia is a serious public health issue. The search for safe and effective complementary and alternative therapies to treat metabolic disorders is a key field of research. Momordica charantia (MC) is a tropical and subtropical vine of the Cucurbitaceae family used as a medicinal plant since ancient times. Although MC has been widely studied for its hypoglycemic potential, hypolipidemic and antiobesity effects have also been reported in preclinical studies and clinical trials. This study aims to review the metabolic effects of MC reported in clinical trials as well as its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Cortez-Navarrete
- Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Miriam Méndez-Del Villar
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, México
| | - Elsy Janeth Ramos-González
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
| | - Karina G Pérez-Rubio
- Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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5
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Zhang F, Zhang X, Yu J, Tan Y, Guo P, Wu C. The gut microbiota confers the lipid-lowering effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) In high-fat diet (HFD)-Induced hyperlipidemic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110667. [PMID: 32861068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is a medical food with well-documented hypoglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Previous studies showed that the M. charantia fruit (MC) could modulate the gut microbiota, but whether this modulation is essential for MC's pharmacological effects is largely unknown. Here, we assessed the causality of gut microbes in MC-elicited anti-hyperlipidemic effects for the first time. Oral administration of MC significantly prevented hyperlipidemia, but this amelioration substantially diminished when co-treated with antibiotics. Transplantation of gut flora from MC-treated donor mice also significantly decreased serum lipids. The microbiological analysis revealed that MC moderately increased diversity and shifted the overall structure of gut microbiota. It selectively enhanced the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs)-producing genera and increased fecal SCFAs content. These results demonstrate that M. charantia fruit (MC) may exert an anti-hyperlipidemic effect through modulating gut microbes and increasing SCFAs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaopo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 57199, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yinfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 57199, PR China
| | - Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Adaptive Fat Oxidation Is Coupled with Increased Lipid Storage in Adipose Tissue of Female Mice Fed High Dietary Fat and Sucrose. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082233. [PMID: 32726932 PMCID: PMC7469071 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Western diets high in fat and sucrose are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although the prevalence of MetS in women is comparable to that in men, metabolic adaptations in females to Western diet have not been reported in preclinical studies. This study investigates the effects of Western diet on risk factors for MetS in female mice. Based on our earlier studies in male mice, we hypothesized that dietary supplementation with extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L. (PMI5011) and Momordica charantia (bitter melon) could affect MetS risk factors in females. Eight-week-old female mice were fed a 10% kcal fat, 17% kcal sucrose diet (LFD); high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFS; 45% kcal fat, 30% kcal sucrose); or HFS diet with PMI5011 or bitter melon for three months. Body weight and adiposity in all HFS groups were greater than the LFD. Total cholesterol level was elevated with the HFS diets along with LDL cholesterol, but triglycerides and free fatty acids were unchanged from the LFD. Over the three month period, female mice responded to the HFS diet by adaptive increases in fat oxidation energy in muscle and liver. This was coupled with increased fat storage in white and brown adipose tissue depots. These responses were enhanced with botanical supplementation and confer protection from ectopic lipid accumulation associated with MetS in female mice fed an HFS diet.
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Luo Y, Wang L, Lv Y, Wu X, Hou C, Li J. Regulation mechanism of silkworm pupa oil PUFAs on cholesterol metabolism in hepatic cell L-02. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1418-1425. [PMID: 31667852 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silkworm pupa oil polyunsaturated fatty acid (SPO PUFA) has been confirmed to have a cholesterol-lowering function. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of SPO PUFA and its main component, α-linolenic acid (ALA), on the metabolism of cholesterol and its regulation was investigated. The model of lipid denatured cells were constructed to carry out lipid accumulation, cholesterol metabolism and transformation. Real-time PCR and western blots were also used to analyze the expression levels of related genes and proteins to investigate the cholesterol efflux regulation mechanism. The data indicated that SPO PUFA and ALA dose-dependently decreased intracellular total cholesterol (TC) and enhanced total bile acid (TBA). They could also promote cholesterol removal by enhancing bile acid secretion and by upregulating genes LXRα, PPARγ, ABCA1, ABCG1, and CYP7A1, which were regulated by LXRα/PPARγ-ABCA1/ABCG1-CYP7A1 nuclear receptor signal pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study is of great significance in maintaining the balance of cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and in reducing the risk of steatohepatitis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhong Lv
- Gansu Research Institute of Sports Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Hou
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an, China
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Ismail Iid I, Kumar S, Shukla S, Kumar V, Sharma R. Putative antidiabetic herbal food ingredients: Nutra/functional properties, bioavailability and effect on metabolic pathways. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tu L, Sun H, Tang M, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Sun X, He S. Red raspberry extract (Rubus idaeus L shrub) intake ameliorates hyperlipidemia in HFD-induced mice through PPAR signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110796. [PMID: 31472226 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of red raspberry extract (RRE) intake on hyperlipidemia mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated in this study. After intragastric gavage of RRE for 8 weeks, the body weight and the adipose tissue mass of mice in RRE administration groups significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared to the group without RRE treatment. RRE treatment significantly (p < 0.05) lowered triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of hyperlipidemia mice. Pparα, Hmgcr, Ldlr, Cyp7a1, Acsl3, Pnpla2 and Pin4 were confirmed as the regulatory genes by transcriptome analysis and qRCR validation. According to KEGG pathway analysis, target genes such as Cyp7a1 and Pin4 were further regulated by the activation of PPARα resulting from RRE supplementation. Meanwhile, liver cholesterol synthesis and conversion were inhibited by the expressions of Hmgcr and Cyp7a1 genes regulated by RRE intake, and Ldlr gene was down-regulated to limit the transport of cholesterol. In addition, RRE treatment could accelerate the conversion from triglyceride to fatty acid. To conclusion, RRE intake would be a protection against diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Tu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Hanju Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning, Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd., Jieshou, 236500, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Mingming Tang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Zuoyong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Xianbao Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Shudong He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning, Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd., Jieshou, 236500, Anhui, PR China.
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Fuller S, Yu Y, Mendoza T, Ribnicky DM, Cefalu WT, Floyd ZE. Potential adverse effects of botanical supplementation in high-fat-fed female mice. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:41. [PMID: 30208938 PMCID: PMC6134698 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance underlies metabolic syndrome and is associated with excess adiposity and visceral fat accumulation, which is more frequently observed in males than females. However, in young females, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising, mainly driven by accumulation of abdominal visceral fat. The degree to which sex-related differences could influence the development of insulin resistance remains unclear, and studies of potential therapeutic strategies to combat metabolic syndrome using rodent models have focused predominantly on males. We therefore evaluated the effects of two nutritional supplements derived from botanical sources, an extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. (termed PMI5011) and Momordica charantia (commonly known as bitter melon), on female mice challenged with a high-fat diet in order to determine if dietary intake of these supplements could ameliorate obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility in skeletal muscle. METHODS Body composition, physical activity and energy expenditure, fatty acid oxidation, insulin signaling, and gene and protein expression of factors controlling lipid metabolism and ectopic lipid accumulation were evaluated in female mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with either PMI5011 or bitter melon. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired two-tailed t test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS PMI5011 supplementation resulted in increased body weight and adiposity, while bitter melon did not induce changes in these parameters. Pyruvate tolerance testing indicated that both supplements increased hepatic glucose production. Both supplements induced a significant suppression in fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle homogenates treated with pyruvate, indicating enhanced metabolic flexibility. PMI5011 reduced lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle, while bitter melon induced a downward trend in lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle and liver. This was accompanied by transcriptional regulation of autophagic genes by bitter melon in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Data from the current study indicates that dietary supplementation with PMI5011 and bitter melon evokes a divergent, and generally less favorable, set of metabolic responses in female mice compared to effects previously observed in males. Our findings underscore the importance of considering sex-related variations in responses to dietary supplementation aimed at combating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fuller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - Yongmei Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Tamra Mendoza
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Biotech Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - William T Cefalu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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Saeed F, Afzaal M, Niaz B, Arshad MU, Tufail T, Hussain MB, Javed A. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a natural healthy vegetable. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1446023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Niaz
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hussain
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Lopes J, Lage N, Guerra J, Silva M, Bonomo L, Paulino A, Regis A, Pedrosa M, Silva M. A preliminary exploration of the potential of Eugenia uvalha Cambess juice intake to counter oxidative stress. Food Res Int 2018; 105:563-569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Tang N, Zhang Y, Liang Q, Liu Z, Shi Y. The role of ursodeoxycholic acid on cholestatic hepatic fibrosis in infant rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3837-3844. [PMID: 29257337 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the impact of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on liver function and fibrosis markers in infant rats by establishing a cholestatic‑induced hepatic fibrosis model. α‑naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) was administrated by gavage to induce cholestatic hepatic fibrosis in infant rats. UCDA treatment was performed to assess its impact on biochemical indicators of liver function, four serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis indices in liver tissues and the pathology of liver tissues. Colorimetric assays and biochemical assays based on the initial rate method were performed to determine the levels of liver function markers in the serum, whereas the serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis were measured via radioimmunoassay. Sections of liver tissue were harvested and stained with hematoxylin‑eosin or picric acid‑Sirius red, and subjected to immunohistochemical staining to analyze liver pathology. All indicators of liver function, except for cholinesterase, were significantly higher in the ANIT model than in the control group (P<0.01). γ‑glutamyl transpeptidase and total bile acids of the UDCA treatment group were significantly lower than the ANIT model (P<0.05); whereas no significant differences were observed in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin between the two groups. Serum laminin protein (LN) and type‑IV collagen (cIV) in the UDCA treatment group were significantly lower than in the ANIT model (P<0.01); whereas no significant differences were observed in hyaluronic acid and type‑III procollagen between the two groups. Liver LN and cIV in the UDCA treatment group were significantly lower than in the ANIT model (P<0.01). The degree of hepatic fibrosis in the UDCA treatment group was significantly lower than in the ANIT model (P<0.01). The results of the present study demonstrated that UDCA is able to reduce LN and cIV in serum and protect liver tissues against hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Qinghong Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yingping Shi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
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Mahmoud MF, El Ashry FEZZ, El Maraghy NN, Fahmy A. Studies on the antidiabetic activities of Momordica charantia fruit juice in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:758-765. [PMID: 28064559 PMCID: PMC6130663 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1275026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) (MC) is used in folk medicine to treat various diseases including diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the antidiabetic activities of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wister rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Group I, Normal control; Group II, STZ diabetic; Group III and IV, Momordica charantia fruit juice was orally administered to diabetic rats (10 mL/kg/day either as prophylaxis for 14 days before induction of diabetes then 21 days treatment, or as treatment given for 21 days after induction of diabetes). The effects of MC juice were studied both in vivo and in vitro by studying the glucose uptake of isolated rat diaphragm muscles in the presence and absence of insulin. Histopathological examination of pancreas was also performed. RESULTS This study showed that MC caused a significant reduction of serum glucose (135.99 ± 6.27 and 149.79 ± 1.90 vs. 253.40* ± 8.18) for prophylaxis and treatment respectively, fructosamine (0.99 ± 0.01 and 1.01 ± 0.04 vs. 3.04 ± 0.07), total cholesterol, triglycerides levels, insulin resistance index (1.13 ± 0.08 and 1.19 ± 0.05 vs. 1.48 ± 1.47) and pancreatic malondialdehyde content (p < 0.05). While it induced a significant increase of serum insulin (3.41 ± 0.08 and 3.28 ± 0.08 vs. 2.39 ± 0.27), HDL-cholesterol, total antioxidant capacity levels, β cell function percent, and pancreatic reduced glutathione (GSH) content (p < 0.05) and improved histopathological changes of the pancreas. It also increased glucose uptake by diaphragms of normal (12.17 ± 0.60 vs. 9.07 ± 0.66) and diabetic rats (8.37 ± 0.28 vs. 4.29 ± 0.51) in the absence and presence of insulin (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Momordica charantia presents excellent antidiabetic and antioxidant activities and thus has great potential as a new source for diabetes treatment whether it is used for prophylaxis or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Nabila N. El Maraghy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Future, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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J B VK, Ramakrishna S, Madhusudhan B. Preparation and characterisation of atorvastatin and curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoformulations for oral delivery in atherosclerosis. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:96-103. [PMID: 28476969 PMCID: PMC8676282 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin known to be a potential inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase involved in the synthesis of cholesterol. It is touted as miracle drug due to its profound effect in decreasing the low-density lipoproteins in blood. Unfortunately, the high dosage used poses side-effects relatively in comparison to other statins. On the other hand, curcumin has a diverse therapeutic potential in health and disease. However, the poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability hinders the therapeutic potential of it when administrated orally. Therefore, it was thought to minimise the frequency of atorvastatin doses to avoid the possibility of drug resistance and also to overcome the limitations of curcumin for desirable therapeutic effects by using nanocarriers in drug delivery. In this investigation, synergistic effect of atorvastatin and curcumin nanocarriers was encapsulated by chitosan polymer. The chitosan nanocarriers prepared by ionic gelation method were characterised for their particle size, zeta potential, and other parameters. The drug-loaded nanocarriers exhibited good encapsulation efficiency (74.25%) and showed a slow and sustained release of atorvastatin and curcumin 60.36 and 61.44%, respectively, in a span of 48 h. The drug-loaded nanocarriers found to be haemocompatible and qualified for drug delivery in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varuna Kumara J B
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davanagere-577 002, Karnataka, India
| | - Sistla Ramakrishna
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Basavaraj Madhusudhan
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davanagere-577 002, Karnataka, India.
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Raina K, Kumar D, Agarwal R. Promise of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) bioactives in cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:116-129. [PMID: 27452666 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there is a paradigm shift that the whole food-derived components are not 'idle bystanders' but actively participate in modulating aberrant metabolic and signaling pathways in both healthy and diseased individuals. One such whole food from Cucurbitaceae family is 'bitter melon' (Momordica charantia, also called bitter gourd, balsam apple, etc.), which has gained an enormous attention in recent years as an alternative medicine in developed countries. The increased focus on bitter melon consumption could in part be due to several recent pre-clinical efficacy studies demonstrating bitter melon potential to target obesity/type II diabetes-associated metabolic aberrations as well as its pre-clinical anti-cancer efficacy against various malignancies. The bioassay-guided fractionations have also classified the bitter melon chemical constituents based on their anti-diabetic or cytotoxic effects. Thus, by definition, these bitter melon constituents are at cross roads on the bioactivity parameters; they either have selective efficacy for correcting metabolic aberrations or targeting cancer cells, or have beneficial effects in both conditions. However, given the vast, though dispersed, literature reports on the bioactivity and beneficial attributes of bitter melon constituents, a comprehensive review on the bitter melon components and the overlapping beneficial attributes is lacking; our review attempts to fulfill these unmet needs. Importantly, the recent realization that there are common risk factors associated with obesity/type II diabetes-associated metabolic aberrations and cancer, this timely review focuses on the dual efficacy of bitter melon against the risk factors associated with both diseases that could potentially impact the course of malignancy to advanced stages. Furthermore, this review also addresses a significant gap in our knowledge regarding the bitter melon drug-drug interactions which can be predicted from the available reports on bitter melon effects on metabolism enzymes and drug transporters. This has important implications, given that a large proportion of individuals, taking bitter melon based supplements/phytochemical extracts/food based home-remedies, are also likely to be taking conventional therapeutic drugs at the same time. Accordingly, the comprehensively reviewed information here could be prudently translated to the clinical implications associated with any potential concerns regarding bitter melon consumption by cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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Lee HJ, Hwang E, Park B, Zhang M, Sun ZW, Lee DG, Park SY, Yi TH. Methanol Extract of Bitter Melon Alleviates UVB-Induced MMPs Expression via MAP Kinase and AP-1 Signaling in Human Dermal Fibroblasts in vitro. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1519-26. [PMID: 27335129 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation leads to photo-damage of the skin, which in turn induces expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and reduces type I procollagen. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) has been widely used as a traditional medicine. In this study, we tested the photo-protective effects of methanol extracts of bitter melon pulp (BM) and the mechanism of these effects in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The effects of BM were investigated by measuring the levels of MMP-1, -3 and -9, and type I procollagen following UVB irradiation. We found that BM alleviates UVB-induced MMP-1, -3 and -9 expression at 100 µg/mL (down to 52.0%, 73.5%, and 55.6%, respectively). However, cells treated with 100 µg/mL BM had weakly stimulated type I procollagen expression (up to 130.0%). Moreover, treatment with BM significantly reduced UVB-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 phosphorylation, which resulted in decreasing UVB-induced phosphorylation of c-Fos and c-Jun. Therefore, our results suggest that BM is a potential agent for regulating skin photoaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Eunson Hwang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Bom Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Korea
| | - Mengyang Zhang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Zheng-Wang Sun
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Do-Gyeong Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Tae Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea.,Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Korea
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Correlation analysis between four serum biomarkers of liver fibrosis and liver function in infants with cholestasis. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:107-112. [PMID: 27347413 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between four serum biomarkers of liver fibrosis and liver function in infants with cholestasis. A total of 30 infants with cholestasis and 20 healthy infants were included in the study. Biochemical assays based on the initial rate method and colorimetric assays were conducted to determine the levels of liver function markers in the serum [such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), cholinesterase (CHE) and total bile acids (TBA)] and four serum biomarkers of liver fibrosis were measured using radioimmunoassays [hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen type III (PCIII), laminin (LN) and collagen type IV (cIV)]. The serum levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL, IBIL, γ-GT and TBA in the infants with cholestasis were significantly higher compared to the healthy infants (P<0.01); the serum levels of CHE in the infants with cholestasis were significantly lower compared to the healthy infants (P<0.01). The serum levels of HA, PCIII, and cIV in the infants with cholestasis were significantly higher compared to the healthy infants (P<0.01). Correlation analyses between liver function and the four biomarkers of liver fibrosis showed that HA was positively correlated with AST and γ-GT (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with ALT, CHE and TBA (P<0.05). cIV was positively correlated with γ-GT (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with CHE (P<0.05). In conclusion, statistically significant differences were identified for the liver function markers (ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL, IBIL, γ-GT and TBA) and the biomarkers HA, PCIII and cIV of liver fibrosis between infants with cholestasis and healthy infants. Thus, the serum levels of HA, cIV, γ-GT and CHE are sensitive markers for cholestatic liver fibrosis in infants.
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Agaricus brasiliensis (sun mushroom) affects the expression of genes related to cholesterol homeostasis. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1707-1717. [PMID: 27151383 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The sun mushroom (Agaricus brasiliensis) is considered a major source of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. Mushrooms typically act as lipid-lowering agents; however, little is known about the mechanisms of action of A. brasiliensis in biological systems. This study aimed to determine the underlying mechanism involved in the cholesterol-lowering effect of A. brasiliensis through the assessment of fecal and serum lipid profiles in addition to gene expression analysis of specific transcription factors, enzymes, and transporters involved in cholesterol homeostasis. METHODS Twenty-four albino Fischer rats approximately 90 days old, with an average weight of 205 g, were divided into four groups of 6 each and fed a standard AIN-93 M diet (C), hypercholesterolemic diet (H), hypercholesterolemic diet +1 % A. brasiliensis (HAb), or hypercholesterolemic diet +0.008 % simvastatin (HS) for 6 weeks. Simvastatin was used as a positive control, as it is a typical drug prescribed for lipid disorders. Subsequently, blood, liver, and feces samples were collected for lipid profile and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction gene expression analyses. RESULTS Diet supplementation with A. brasiliensis significantly improved serum lipid profiles, comparable to the effect observed for simvastatin. In addition, A. brasiliensis dietary supplementation markedly promoted fecal cholesterol excretion. Increased expression of 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), ATP-binding cassette subfamily G-transporters (ABCG5/G8), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was observed following A. brasiliensis administration. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that consumption of A. brasiliensis improves the serum lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic rats by modulating the expression of key genes involved in hepatic cholesterol metabolism.
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Cholesterol overload impairing cerebellar function: The promise of natural products. Nutrition 2015; 31:621-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sagor AT, Chowdhury MRH, Tabassum N, Hossain H, Rahman MM, Alam MA. Supplementation of fresh ucche (Momordica charantia L. var. muricata Willd) prevented oxidative stress, fibrosis and hepatic damage in CCl4 treated rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:115. [PMID: 25884170 PMCID: PMC4423480 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Ucche (Momordica charantia L. var. muricata (Willd.) Chakravarty) has been reported to possess many benefits and medicinal properties. However, the protective effect of ucche against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity have not been clarified fully yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ucche on oxidative stress and inflammation in liver of CCl4 treated rats. Methods Female Long Evans rats were administered with CCl4 orally (1 ml/kg) twice a week for 2 weeks and were supplemented with freshly prepared crashed ucche (10% wt/wt of diet) with powdered chaw food. Both plasma and liver tissues were analyzed for AST, ALT and ALP activities. Oxidative stress parameters were measure by determining malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP), and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and catalase activities in plasma and liver tissues. Moreover, inflammation and tissue fibrosis were confirmed by histological staining of liver tissue sections. Results Our data suggest that ucche significantly prevented CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, indicated by both diagnostic indicators of liver damage (serum transferases activities) and histopathological analysis. Moreover, CCl4 administration induced profound elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, as evidenced by increasing lipid peroxidation level and depletion of antioxidant enzymes in liver. Fresh ucche supplementation prevented the oxidative stresses and improved antioxidant enzyme function. Furthermore, fresh ucche supplementation reduced hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration, iron deposition and fibrosis in liver of CCl4 treated rats. Conclusion In conclusion, these results suggested that the inhibition of CCl4-induced inflammation by ucche is due at least in part to its anti-oxidant activity and its ability to modulate the inflammation and fibrosis in liver.
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Ding L, Yang Y, Qu Y, Yang T, Wang K, Liu W, Xia W. Bile acid promotes liver regeneration via farnesoid X receptor signaling pathways in rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4431-7. [PMID: 25634785 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids, which are synthesized from cholesterol in the hepatocytes of the liver, are amphipathic molecules with a steroid backbone. Studies have shown that bile acid exhibits important effects on liver regeneration. However, the mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of bile acid and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) on hepatic regeneration and lipid metabolism. Rats were fed with 0.2% bile acid or glucose for 7 days and then subjected to a 50 or 70% hepatectomy. Hepatic regeneration rate, serum and liver levels of bile acid, and expression of FXR and Caveolin‑1, were detected at 24, 48 or 72 h following hepatectomy. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the liver was measured using immunohistochemistry at the end of the study. Hepatocytes isolated from rats were treated with bile acid, glucose, FXR agonist and FXR antagonist, separately or in combination. Lipid metabolism, the expression of members of the FXR signaling pathway and energy metabolism‑related factors were measured using ELISA kits or western blotting. Bile acid significantly increased the hepatic regeneration rate and the expression of FXR, Caveolin‑1 and PCNA. Levels of total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein were increased in bile acid‑ or FXR agonist‑treated hepatocytes in vitro. Levels of triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and free fatty acid were decreased. In addition, bile acid and FXR agonists increased the expression of bile salt export pump and small heterodimer partner, and downregulated the expression of apical sodium‑dependent bile acid transporter, Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide and cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase. These results suggested that physiological concentrations of bile acid may promote liver regeneration via FXR signaling pathways, and may be associated with energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ding
- The Second Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Topographical Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Yikun Qu
- The Second Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Weixin Liu
- The Second Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Weibin Xia
- The Second Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
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Beneficial role of bitter melon supplementation in obesity and related complications in metabolic syndrome. J Lipids 2015; 2015:496169. [PMID: 25650336 PMCID: PMC4306384 DOI: 10.1155/2015/496169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are becoming epidemic both in developed and developing countries in recent years. Complementary and alternative medicines have been used since ancient era for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Bitter melon is widely used as vegetables in daily food in Bangladesh and several other countries in Asia. The fruits extract of bitter melon showed strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities in experimental condition both in vivo and in vitro. Recent scientific evaluation of this plant extracts also showed potential therapeutic benefit in diabetes and obesity related metabolic dysfunction in experimental animals and clinical studies. These beneficial effects are mediated probably by inducing lipid and fat metabolizing gene expression and increasing the function of AMPK and PPARs, and so forth. This review will thus focus on the recent findings on beneficial effect of Momordica charantia extracts on metabolic syndrome and discuss its potential mechanism of actions.
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Liu R, Li J, Cheng Y, Huo T, Xue J, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen X. Effects of ellagic acid-rich extract of pomegranates peel on regulation of cholesterol metabolism and its molecular mechanism in hamsters. Food Funct 2015; 6:780-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00759j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PEA promoted cholesterol removal by enhancement of fecal bile acid and up-regulation of the two pathways, LXR/PPAR-ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Yujiang Cheng
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Tianbo Huo
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Jiayi Xue
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Shaanxi Normal University's Hospital
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Jianshu Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Xi'an 710003
- China
| | - Xiping Chen
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Xi'an 710003
- China
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