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Yang CY, Young MH, Beckstead J. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Gratitude at Work Scale in Employed Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Nurs Res 2024; 32:e336. [PMID: 38975833 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gratitude at Work Scale, originally developed by American scholars, has been widely administered to mental health professionals and human service workers to explore gratitude in the workplace. No Chinese-language instrument is currently available for assessing workplace gratitude. PURPOSES The aims of this study were to (a) translate the original English version of the Gratitude at Work Scale into a traditional Chinese version (TC-GAWS), confirm its factor structure, and analyze its psychometric properties among newly employed nurses and (b) develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the TC-GAWS short form. METHODS A psychometric study using a cross-sectional web-based design was conducted in Taiwan. Three hundred twenty-two employed nurses completed a battery of self-administered online questionnaires that included a demographic datasheet, the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, and the Thoughts of Quitting Scale. IBM SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 28.0 were used for data analysis, and Cronbach's alpha and Pearson's correlation were used to assess reliability and concurrent validity. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted. RESULTS The internal consistency and stability of the TC-GAWS total scale were .88 and .91, respectively. The exploratory factor analysis showed a satisfactory Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of .88 and a Bartlett's test value of 654.01 ( p < .001), suggesting that 64.55% of the total variance was explained by the two-factor TC-GAWS. After item reduction, the CFA of the six remaining items of the TC-GAWS short form revealed adequate fit statistics for a two-factor structure and a second-order factor. Strong correlations were found between the 10-item and six-item TC-GAWS ( r > .94) in the two samples, suggesting good concurrent validity. The overall scores for the 10-item and six-item TC-GAWS had similar convergent validity, with moderate-to-strong correlations for the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form ( r = .45 and .540), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 ( r = .49 and .51), and Thoughts of Quitting Scale ( r = -.57 and -.53). The CFA yielded a two-factor, six-item model that exhibited good fit with the latent constructs of χ 2 / df = 11.06/8 = 1.38, p = .198, comparative fit index = .996, goodness-of-fit index = .979, root mean square error of approximation = .045, root mean square residual = .030, and standardized root mean squared residual = .023. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Both the 10- and six-item TC-GAWS instruments demonstrated good reliability and validity in nurse participants. The TC-GAWS may be used to measure gratitude in nurses in the workplace. This instrument has the potential to facilitate a better understanding of gratitude in nurses, which may be applied to the improvement of nursing management, research, and education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason Beckstead
- PhD, Professor, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, USA
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Szigeti F J, Kazinczi C, Szabó G, Sipos M, Ujma PP, Purebl G. The clinical effectiveness of the Mind/Body Program for Infertility on wellbeing and assisted reproduction outcomes: a randomized controlled trial in search for active ingredients. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1735-1751. [PMID: 38852061 PMCID: PMC11291950 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the Mind/Body Program for Infertility (MBPI) perform better, due to certain distinctive elements, than a partly matched support group in improving the wellbeing and medically assisted reproduction (MAR) outcomes of women with elevated distress levels in a clinical setting? SUMMARY ANSWER While robust enhancements occurred in the wellbeing overall, the cognitive behavioural and formalized stress management elements of the MBPI allowed a significantly stronger improvement in trait anxiety, but not in other mental health and MAR outcomes, compared with a support group. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mind-body psychological programmes adjacent to MAR have been found to improve women's mental states and possibly increase chances of pregnancy. However, not enough is known about the programme's effectiveness among patients with elevated distress levels in routine clinical settings, nor is it clear which of its particular ingredients are specifically effective. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A pre-post design, single-centre, randomized controlled trial was performed between December 2019 and October 2022 (start and end of recruitment, respectively). The sample size (n = 168) was calculated to detect superiority of the MBPI in improving fertility-related quality of life. Randomization was computer-based, with random numbers concealing identities of patients until after allocation. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The trial was conducted at a large university teaching hospital. A total of 168 patients were randomly assigned to the mind-body (MBPI) group (n = 84) and the fertility support (FS) control group (n = 84). Patients received a 10-week, 135-min/week group intervention, with the FS group following the same format as the MBPI group, but with a less restricted and systematic content, and without the presumed effective factors. The number of patients analysed was n = 74 (MBPI) and n = 68 (FS) for post-intervention psychological outcomes, and n = 54 (MBPI) and n = 56 (FS) for pregnancy outcomes at a 30-month follow-up. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Significant improvements occurred in both groups in all psychological domains (adjusted P < 0.001), except for treatment-related quality of life. Linear mixed-model regression analysis did not reveal significantly greater pre-post improvements in the MBPI group than in the FS group in fertility-related quality of life (difference in differences (DD) = 4.11 [0.42, 7.80], d = 0.32, adjusted P = 0.124), treatment-related quality of life (DD = -3.08 [-7.72, 1.55], d = -0.20, adjusted P = 0.582), infertility-specific stress (DD = -2.54 [-4.68, 0.41], d = -0.36, adjusted P = 0.105), depression (DD = -1.16 [3.61, 1.29], d = -0.13, adjusted P = 0.708), and general stress (DD = -0.62 [-1.91, 0.68], d = -0.13, adjusted P = 0.708), but it did show a significantly larger improvement in trait anxiety (DD = -3.60 [-6.16, -1.04], d = -0.32, adjusted P = 0.042). Logistic regression showed no group effect on MAR pregnancies, spontaneous pregnancies, or live births. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The follow-up only covered MAR-related medical outcomes and no psychological variables, and their rates were not equal in the two groups. Biological factors other than age, aetiology, and duration of infertility may have confounded the study results. Loss to follow-up was between 5% and 10%, which may have led to some bias. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The psychologically and medically heterogeneous sample, the normal clinical setting and the low attrition rate all raise the external validity and generalizability of our study. The MBPI works not only in controlled conditions, but also in routine MAR practice, where it can be introduced as a cost-effective, low-intensity psychological intervention, within the framework of stepped care. More studies are needed to further identify its active ingredients. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04151485. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 5 November 2019. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT 15 December 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Szigeti F
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Kazinczi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Georgina Szabó
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry, North Buda Saint John’s Hospital Centre and Outpatient Clinic, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sipos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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McLoughlin S, Kristjánsson K. Virtues as protective factors for adolescent mental health. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024. [PMID: 39032006 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
This paper explores the decline in adolescent mental health and the weakening of traditional moral frameworks, positing education in the virtues as protective of mental health due to the intrinsic link between moral/existential wellbeing and psychological health. By integrating character education into school curricula, a continuous "dosage" of moral guidance may be an optimal way to ensure a gradual and ever-clearer articulation of a life worth living and how to live well. The paper critiques popular clinical and positive psychological approaches to promoting wellbeing, which often miss the existential and moral dimensions of adolescent growth. The conclusion emphasizes the need for integrating moral education into mental health interventions to address the comprehensive existential and moral dimensions of adolescent development. This paper advocates for a proactive character developmental model that nurtures moral and existential growth, recognizing challenges with virtue and meta-virtue development as integral to personal and moral evolution, and enhancing the moral and psychological fortitude of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane McLoughlin
- Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Chen Y, Okereke OI, Kim ES, Tiemeier H, Kubzansky LD, VanderWeele TJ. Gratitude and Mortality Among Older US Female Nurses. JAMA Psychiatry 2024:2820770. [PMID: 38959002 PMCID: PMC11223047 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Importance Supporting healthy aging is a US public health priority, and gratitude is a potentially modifiable psychological factor that may enhance health and well-being in older adults. However, the association between gratitude and mortality has not been studied. Objective To examine the association of gratitude with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in later life. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based prospective cohort study used data from self-reported questionnaires and medical records of 49 275 US older female registered nurses who participated in the Nurses' Health Study (2016 questionnaire wave to December 2019). Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of deaths by self-reported levels of gratitude at baseline. These models adjusted for baseline sociodemographic characteristics, social participation, physical health, lifestyle factors, cognitive function, and mental health. Data analysis was conducted from December 2022 to April 2024. Exposure Gratitude was assessed with the 6-item Gratitude Questionnaire, a validated and widely used measure of one's tendency to experience grateful affect. Main Outcomes and Measures Deaths were identified from the National Death Index, state statistics records, reports by next of kin, and the postal system. Causes of death were ascertained by physicians through reviewing death certificates and medical records. Results Among the 49 275 participants (all female; mean [SD] age at baseline, 79 [6.16] years), 4608 incident deaths were identified over 151 496 person-years of follow-up. Greater gratitude at baseline was associated with a lower hazard of mortality in a monotonic fashion. For instance, the highest tertile of gratitude, compared with the lowest tertile, was associated with a lower hazard of all-cause deaths (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99) after adjusting for baseline sociodemographic characteristics, social participation, religious involvement, physical health, lifestyle factors, cognitive function, and mental health. When considering cause-specific deaths, death from cardiovascular disease was inversely associated with gratitude (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.995). Conclusions and Relevance This study provides the first empirical evidence suggesting that experiencing grateful affect is associated with increased longevity among older adults. The findings will need to be replicated in future studies with more representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olivia I. Okereke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric S. Kim
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tyler J. VanderWeele
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Corn BW, Feldman DB, Schenker Y, Rosa WE, Margalit M. Hope-enhancement interventions: A third wave coalesces. Psychooncology 2024; 33:e9300. [PMID: 39010250 DOI: 10.1002/pon.9300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yael Schenker
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William E Rosa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Cousino MK, Dusing CR, Rea KE, Glenn T, Armstrong B, Les AS, Hansen JE, Pasquali SK, Schumacher KR. Developing the WE BEAT Well-Being Education Programme to foster resilience and build connection in paediatric heart disease. Cardiol Young 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38622972 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951124000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of psychological well-being and related resilient outcomes is of increasing focus in cardiovascular research. Despite the critical importance of psychological well-being and related resilient outcomes in promoting optimal cardiac health, there have been very few psychological interventions directed towards children with heart disease. This paper describes the development and theoretical framework of the WE BEAT Wellbeing Education Program, a group-based psychoeducation and coping skills training intervention designed to improve psychological well-being and resilience in adolescents with paediatric heart disease. METHODS Program development was informed by patient and family needs and input gathered via large, international survey methods as well as qualitative investigation, a theoretical framework, and related resilience intervention research. RESULTS An overview of the WE BEAT intervention components and structure of the programme is provided. CONCLUSIONS The WE BEAT Wellbeing Education Program was developed as one of the first resiliency-focused interventions in paediatric heart disease with an overall objective to foster positive psychological well-being and resilient outcomes through a health promotion and prevention lens in an accessible format while providing access to safe, peer-to-peer community building. Feasibility pilot results are forthcoming. Future directions include mobile app-based delivery and larger-scale efficacy and implementation trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Cousino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kelly E Rea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Glenn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Blake Armstrong
- University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea S Les
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jesse E Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara K Pasquali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kurt R Schumacher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Nawa NE, Yamagishi N. Distinct associations between gratitude, self-esteem, and optimism with subjective and psychological well-being among Japanese individuals. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:130. [PMID: 38454459 PMCID: PMC10918921 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence suggests that the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions is influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural context. Identifying intervention targets that can effectively contribute to improving individual well-being under these boundary conditions is a crucial step when developing viable interventions. To this end, we examined how gratitude disposition, self-esteem, and optimism relate to the subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) of Japanese individuals. METHODS Multivariate regression analysis was employed to quantify the unique relationships between the three potential intervention targets and both SWB and PWB, while accounting for the influence of other variables. Participants (N = 71) also engaged in a 4-week experience sampling study to explore how gratitude, self-esteem and optimism shape the link between momentary affective states in everyday life and evaluations of day satisfaction. RESULTS Multivariate regression analysis revealed that self-esteem was predominantly more strongly associated with SWB compared to gratitude disposition, whereas gratitude disposition was more strongly associated with the PWB dimensions, particularly personal growth, positive relations with others and purpose in life. Experience sampling data indicated that while both gratitude disposition and self-esteem moderated the association between momentary positive affect and day satisfaction evaluations, they did so in opposite ways; greater gratitude disposition strengthened the association, while greater self-esteem weakened it. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the current results suggest that while gratitude, self-esteem, and optimism influence individual well-being as a whole, they likely play distinct roles in facilitating SWB and PWB in the studied cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Eiji Nawa
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Advanced ICT Research Institute, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontiers Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Noriko Yamagishi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Advanced ICT Research Institute, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- College of Global Liberal Arts, Ritsumeikan University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-8570, Japan
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Zheng X, Huang H, Yu Q. The associations among gratitude, job crafting, teacher-student relationships, and teacher psychological well-being. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1329782. [PMID: 38312394 PMCID: PMC10834698 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1329782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study explores the complex dynamics among gratitude, job crafting, teacher psychological well-being, and teacher-student relationships within the context of Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. Methods A sample of 456 Chinese EFL teachers participated in this study. Valid scales were administered to collect data on gratitude, job crafting, teacher psychological well-being, and teacher-student relationships. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to investigate these relationships. Results The findings reveal significant connections between gratitude, job crafting, teacher psychological well-being, and teacher-student relationships. SEM analysis demonstrates that gratitude and job crafting have direct effects on teacher psychological well-being. Furthermore, teacher-student relationships were identified as a mediator in these relationships. Discussion This study underscores the importance of gratitude and job crafting in enhancing the psychological well-being of EFL teachers. It highlights the mediating role of positive teacher-student relationships in the associations between gratitude, job crafting, and teacher psychological well-being. These results have implications for the development of interventions and practices aimed at promoting gratitude, job crafting, and positive teacher-student relationships in the EFL teaching context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zheng
- Public English Teaching and Research Department, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hezi Huang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Quanda Yu
- Radiochemotherapy Department, First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China
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Kerry N, Chhabra R, Clifton JDW. Being Thankful for What You Have: A Systematic Review of Evidence for the Effect of Gratitude on Life Satisfaction. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4799-4816. [PMID: 38047154 PMCID: PMC10693196 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s372432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies suggest a link between gratitude and life satisfaction, including experimental tests of gratitude interventions. This paper presents a systematic review of recent literature on the influence of gratitude on life satisfaction. The aim of this research is to better understand the nature of the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction and to evaluate the state of literature. Methodology A systematic search was conducted using four databases (APA PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO), targeting articles published since 2010. Correlational studies were included if they used the GQ6 measure of gratitude and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Intervention studies were included if they reported effects of a gratitude manipulation on SWLS scores. Forty-four articles (N = 16,529) focusing on gratitude and life satisfaction were ultimately selected. Among the selected studies, 18 employed experimental designs and 26 were cross-sectional studies. Five studies also presented cross-lagged analyses from two or more timepoints. Results The review indicated a substantial positive correlation between gratitude and life satisfaction. Various potential mediators were also identified, including meaning in life, social support, and self-esteem. Some experimental research suggested that gratitude interventions may increase life satisfaction compared to neutral control conditions, although evidence was mixed. There was stronger evidence for these effects in people from Western countries. However, there is no strong evidence that gratitude interventions outperform positively valenced control conditions. Thus, it is possible that the effects of intervention could be caused by demand- or placebo effects. Conclusion and Recommendation While it is clear that there is a link between gratitude and life satisfaction, the extent to which gratitude causes life satisfaction and the mechanism underlying that link require further exploration. We suggest that experimental work test effects of changes in gratitude that cannot be explained by placebo- or demand effects. We also encourage more interactive interventions as well as research that investigates third variables that could underlie both gratitude and life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kerry
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ria Chhabra
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy D W Clifton
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Buenconsejo JU, Fincham FD, Datu JAD. The perks of being grateful to partners: Expressing gratitude in relationships predicts relational self-efficacy and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1472-1489. [PMID: 37195635 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Being grateful to one's partner matters for a diverse range of interpersonal and individual well-being outcomes. However, there is little investigation on the psychological benefits of expressing gratitude to partners during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using a short-term longitudinal design, this study of undergraduate students (Mage = 20.31; SDage = 1.81; n = 268) in the United States explores the link between expressing gratitude in romantic relationships, subsequent relationship self-efficacy, life satisfaction, psychological well-being, and the COVID-19 anxiety. Results demonstrated that expressing gratitude in relationships positively predicted subsequent relationship self-efficacy and life satisfaction even after controlling for age, gender, ethnic background, trait gratitude, and auto-regressor effects. These findings show that relational gratitude had incremental validity in predicting relational self-efficacy and subjective well-being above and beyond the effects of demographic factors and dispositional gratitude. This research emphasizes the psychological payoffs of cultivating gratitude in relational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet U Buenconsejo
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frank D Fincham
- FSU Family Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jesus Alfonso D Datu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Kaminger S, Roth LHO, Laireiter AR. #Blessed: the moderating effect of dispositional gratitude on the relationship between social comparison and envy on Instagram. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1159999. [PMID: 37928566 PMCID: PMC10623445 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1159999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of dispositional gratitude as a positive psychological resource and prosocial personality trait in real life interactions militates in favor of its introduction to the research field of social media. Methods Based on a literature review of the previously studied relationship of dispositional gratitude with social comparison and envy in offline settings, a twofold moderation model was proposed and quantitatively tested in a cross-sectional sample of N = 268 Instagram users aged between 18 and 40 years. Additionally, the dual conceptualization of benign and malicious envy was scrutinized by validating its respective connections with affective outcomes and inspiration on Instagram. Results and discussion Dispositional gratitude serves as a protective factor when using Instagram by significantly mitigating the relationship of social comparison and malicious as well as general envy on Instagram. Furthermore, the results support the more nuanced understanding of envy as a dual construct in the face of social media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Kaminger
- Faculty of Psychology, Institute for Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Helmut Otto Roth
- Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Department of Occupational, Economic, and Social Psychology, Motivation Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton-Rupert Laireiter
- Faculty of Psychology, Institute for Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Psychotherapy and Gerontopsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Mosteo L, Junça-Silva A, Lopes RR. Gratitude intersects with affect as a boundary condition for daily satisfaction: An affective dynamics perspective. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1028-1045. [PMID: 36527340 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study is based on the affective events theory to investigate the situational predictors for gratitude-related differences in daily affect and satisfaction. We tested a moderated mediation model in which daily microevents (daily hassles and uplifts) were related to satisfaction through affect, at the within-person level. We also tested the cross-level interaction of gratitude on this indirect relationship. A total of 195 participants participated in a 5-day diary study (195 * 5 = 975 measurement occasions). Multilevel modeling showed that, at the person-level of analysis, daily microevents were significantly related to daily affect and, in turn, to daily satisfaction. At the daily level of analysis, trait-based gratitude moderated the mediation of daily positive affect on the relationship between daily uplifts and daily satisfaction, such that it become stronger for individuals who scored lower on gratitude, but gratitude did not moderate the relationship between daily hassles, negative affect, and satisfaction. These findings make relevant theoretical contributions to understanding the power of gratitude for daily affective dynamics. These results also expand knowledge on within-person processes that explain daily affect and satisfaction, in addition to more traditional between-person factors. In sum, the present research demonstrates that "being grateful" may be associated with being happy and that individuals who are less grateful need to experience more daily uplifts and positive affect to feel satisfied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Mosteo
- Department of Psychology & Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Junça-Silva
- Department of Human Resources and Organizational Behavior, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Business Research Unit - BRU (UNIDE-IUL), Instituto Politécnico de Tomar (IPT), Lisbon, Portugal
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13
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Truța C, Maican CI, Cazan AM, Lixăndroiu RC, Dovleac L, Maican MA. Always connected @ work. Technostress and well-being with academics. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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14
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Correia H, Martin-Lynch P, Finlayson M, Learmonth YC. Exploring COVID-19 experiences for persons with multiple sclerosis and carers: An Australian qualitative study. Health Expect 2023; 26:785-794. [PMID: 36639883 PMCID: PMC10010087 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact communities around the world. In this study, we explored the COVID-19 experiences of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and carers. METHODS Using a qualitative approach, interviews were undertaken with 27 participants residing in Australia (10 persons with MS, 10 carers and 7 MS service providers). Demographic and background data were also collected. Interviews were analysed using an inductive iterative thematic analysis. RESULTS Across all groups, participants consistently recognized pandemic challenges and impacts for persons with MS and carers, especially due to disruption to routines and services. Emotional and mental health impacts were also highlighted, as anxiety, fear of contracting COVID-19 and stress, including relationship stress between persons with MS and carers and family members. Some persons with MS also mentioned physical health impacts, while for carers, the challenge of disruptions included increased demands and reduced resources. In addition to acknowledging challenges, persons with MS and carers also gave examples of resilience. This included coping and adapting by finding new routines and creating space through rest and breaks and through appreciating positives including the benefits of access to telehealth. CONCLUSION Additional support is required for persons with MS and carers in navigating the impacts of COVID-19 as the pandemic progresses. In addition to addressing challenges and disruptions, such support should also acknowledge and support the resilience of people with MS and carers and enhance resilience through supporting strategies for coping and adaptation. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Service user stakeholders were consulted at the beginning and end of the study. They provided feedback on interview questions and participant engagement, as well as service user perspectives on the themes identified in the current study. Participants were provided with summaries of key themes identified and invited to provide comments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Correia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Professions, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pamela Martin-Lynch
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marcia Finlayson
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yvonne C Learmonth
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, and Centre for Healthy Aging, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Chamizo-Nieto MT, Wallace A, Rey L. Anti-cyberbullying interventions at school: Comparing the effectiveness of gratitude and psychoeducational programmes. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2023.2170821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Chamizo-Nieto
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Agustín Wallace
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rey
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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16
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Makhoul M, Bartley EJ. Exploring the relationship between gratitude and depression among older adults with chronic low back pain: a sequential mediation analysis. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1140778. [PMID: 37213708 PMCID: PMC10196463 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1140778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gratitude has been identified as a key factor in a number of positive health-related outcomes; however, the mechanisms whereby gratitude is associated with well-being among older adults with chronic pain are poorly understood. Using the Positive Psychological Well-Being Model as a theoretical framework, the objective of the present study was to examine the serial mediating effects of social support, stress, sleep, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on the relationship between gratitude and depressive symptoms. Methods A total sample of 60 community-dwelling older adults with chronic low back pain (cLBP) provided blood samples for high-sensitivity TNF-α and completed the Gratitude Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, and the PROMIS Emotional Support, Sleep Disturbance, and Depression forms. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and serial mediation analyses were performed. Results Gratitude was negatively associated with perceived stress, sleep disturbance, and depression, and was positively associated with social support. No significant association was observed between gratitude and TNF-α. After controlling for age and marital status, analyses revealed that perceived stress and sleep disturbance sequentially mediated the association between gratitude and depressive symptoms. Conclusion Perceived stress and sleep disturbance may be potential mechanistic pathways by which gratitude impacts negative well-being. Targeting gratitude as a protective resource may be a potential therapeutic tool to improve psychological and behavioral outcomes in older adults with cLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Makhoul
- Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - E. J. Bartley
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Correspondence: E. J. Bartley
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17
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Hartanto A, Kaur M, Kasturiratna KTAS, Quek FYX, Majeed NM. A critical examination of the effectiveness of gratitude intervention on well-Being Outcomes: A within-person experimental daily diary approach. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2022.2154704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andree Hartanto
- Singapore Management University, School of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manmeet Kaur
- Singapore Management University, School of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Frosch Y. X. Quek
- Singapore Management University, School of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nadyanna M. Majeed
- National University of Singapore, Department of Psychology, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Hameed A, Khwaja MG. The impact of benevolent human resource management attributions on employees’ general work stress, with the mediating influence of gratitude. JOURNAL OF GENERAL MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03063070221130872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Workplace stress can cause serious physical and mental illness and result in billions of dollars in lost productivity every year. Researchers have called for the development of frameworks through which Human Resource Management (HRM) practices can reduce employee stress. Building on HRM attribution theory, this study builds a framework based on benevolent HRM attributions. Benevolent HRM attributions are employee beliefs that their management has enacted HRM practices to support their performance ( performance HRM attributions) and improve their well-being ( well-being HRM attributions). This study examined if both benevolent HRM attributions engender employee gratitude, which in turn may reduce their general job stress levels. Respondents of the study were chosen from the telecom sector of Pakistan as they operate in a high stress inducing environment. The theoretically based causal associations were examined by employing the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The results confirmed the hypotheses and also showed that both benevolent HRM attributions reduce employees’ job stress with the mediating influence of gratitude. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Hameed
- Westminster International University in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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19
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García-Álvarez D, Rincón-Gill B, Urdaneta-Barroeta MP. Autopercepción de adultez emergente y sus relaciones con gratitud, ansiedad y bienestar. REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIÓN EN PSICOLOGÍA Y EDUCACIÓN 2022. [DOI: 10.17979/reipe.2022.9.2.9085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
La adultez emergente es un período de transición que plantea múltiples demandas psicosociales que pueden afectar la salud mental y el bienestar de las personas. El objetivo general de este trabajo fue analizar las conexiones entre bienestar general, ansiedad y gratitud según las percepciones de la adultez. Los participantes fueron 344 venezolanos y venezolanas (69,19% mujeres) con una edad media de 22 años, seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico. Los datos se recogieron mediante un formulario online que incluía: Escala de bienestar PERMA, Cuestionario de gratitud-6, Escala de ansiedad ANSILET y una pregunta abierta sobre la autopercepción de la edad adulta. Los resultados mostraron: niveles medios de bienestar general, ansiedad y gratitud en la muestra; diferencias estadísticamente significativas para bienestar y gratitud entre las mujeres, con un tamaño del efecto pequeño; aumentos significativos en la gratitud y el bienestar durante el recentrado del adulto emergente, y una disminución significativa de la ansiedad (en comparación con las etapas de la adolescencia tardía y extendida); correlaciones negativas significativas entre ansiedad y bienestar general, gratitud y percepción de la edad adulta, y correlaciones positivas significativas para el resto de las variables del estudio. También se encontró que el recentrado del adulto emergente tenía un papel predictivo en relación con el bienestar, la gratitud y la ansiedad tratadas como covariables en el modelo. Se concluye que las percepciones de recentramiento son una variable importante para explicar la salud mental, la gratitud, la ansiedad y el bienestar en el proceso de la edad adulta emergente.
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20
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Zambrano Garza E, Pauly T, Choi Y, Broen T, Gerstorf D, Hoppmann CA. Time-Varying Daily Gratitude-Affect Links Across the Adult Lifespan. GEROPSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Everyday gratitude may shape affect intensity, particularly during challenging times like a pandemic. A group of 140 community-dwelling Canadian participants ( Mage = 40.49 years, range: 18–83; 80% women) provided up to 10 days of daily gratitude and affect ratings during the first pandemic wave. Multilevel models show that everyday gratitude was associated with higher positive affect and lower negative affect, independent of age; age was positively correlated with the number of social gratitude events. Participants reported lower negative affect if a social gratitude event involved more than less diverse social partners. The findings point to the merit of examining time-varying associations in gratitude as a potential resource for everyday affect across the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Pauly
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yoonseok Choi
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tiana Broen
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane A. Hoppmann
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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21
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Borelli E, Bigi S, Potenza L, Gilioli F, Artioli F, Porzio G, Porro CA, Efficace F, Bruera E, Luppi M, Bandieri E. Gratitude among advanced cancer patients and their caregivers: The role of early palliative care. Front Oncol 2022; 12:991250. [PMID: 36353529 PMCID: PMC9639866 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.991250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A cancer diagnosis represents a unique trauma, given its life-threatening, multidimensional, and uncertain nature. Gratitude is a construct representing the emotional state that arises when individuals recognize that a benefit has been received as a result of someone else's action or a spiritual entity's intervention. Based on the positive psychological wellbeing, gratitude has been associated with improved health outcomes even in the disease setting. Thus, the models of care that foster gratitude should be adopted in the clinical context. This study aims to explore whether and how gratitude may originate in patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers undergoing early palliative care (EPC). METHODS We analyzed 251 reports from 133 patients and 118 caregivers describing their clinical experience in two EPC units. The sources of gratitude were identified and ranked based on their frequencies. Words expressing gratitude and words referring to communication and spirituality were collected by means of the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software and correlated. RESULTS In total, 123 (92.5%) of 133 patients' and 97 (82.2%) of 118 caregivers' reports, respectively, included explicit or implicit expressions of gratitude. Gratitude was associated specifically with successful physical symptom management, emotional support, improved attitude toward death, better information, humanity, and the familiar environment. The use of words of gratitude in patients' reports was positively correlated with the use of words referring to communication (r = .215, p = .026) and spirituality (r = .612, p <.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that interventions within the EPC model based on doctor-patient-caregiver communication may allow patients and caregivers to experience a feeling of gratitude, and this may represent a resource to be exploited to improve their physical and psychosocial wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Borelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sarah Bigi
- Department of Linguistic Sciences and Foreign Literatures, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Hematology Unit and Chair, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Gilioli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unitá Sanitaria Locale (USL), Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Artioli
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unitá Sanitaria Locale (USL), Carpi, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Adolfo Porro
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Efficace
- Health Outcomes Research Unit, Italian Group for Adult Hematologic Diseases (GIMEMA), Rome, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mario Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Hematology Unit and Chair, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Bandieri
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unitá Sanitaria Locale (USL), Carpi, Italy
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Palazzeschi L, Svicher A, Gori A, Di Fabio A. Gratitude in Organizations: Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test-Revised Short (GRAT-RS) in Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11084. [PMID: 36078800 PMCID: PMC9518502 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a healthy organization's framework and strength-based prevention perspectives, gratitude represents an important resource. Gratitude is a worthy construct able to promote the well-being of both workers and organizations. Gratitude is also an interesting variable in relation to success, efficiency and productivity in organizations that can be increased through specific training. Gratitude is, therefore, considered a promising resource for both individuals and organizations. This study aims at analyzing the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test-Revised Short (GRAT-RS). Participants were 359 Italian workers from different public and private organizations. Factor structure, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a multidimensional bifactor structure. Good internal consistency and concurrent validity were established. Results indicated that the Italian version of the Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test-Revised Short (GRAT-RS) is a valid instrument to detect gratitude in the Italian context with workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Palazzeschi
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology (Psychology Section), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Svicher
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology (Psychology Section), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences (Psychology Section), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Annamaria Di Fabio
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology (Psychology Section), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
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Relation of Mindfulness, Heartfulness and Well-Being in Students during the Coronavirus-Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 7:419-438. [PMID: 36065401 PMCID: PMC9429999 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-022-00075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Pandemic has affected the lives of almost everyone. The study’s primary goal is to analyze how mindfulness and heartfulness (gratitude and self-compassion) predict well-being and flourishing during the pandemic. Participants were 216 students completing questionnaires about well-being, flourishing, mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude, physical activity, Coronavirus stress and strain, and demographic information. Participants’ physical activity, strain, stress, and gender were also investigated as possible predictors. Mindfulness predicted well-being and flourishing. These relations were mediated by gratitude and self-compassion. Physical activity also predicted well-being and flourishing, but the Coronavirus stress and strain were unrelated to students’ well-being or flourishing. In an exploratory analysis, three aspects of mindfulness (non-judging, observing, and acting with awareness) predicted well-being, and four (non-judging, describing, observing, and acting with awareness) predicted flourishing. Aspects of heartfulness mediated the relations between these aspects of mindfulness and well-being and flourishing.
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24
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Liu C, Luo D, Zhou Y, Zhang G, Feng X, Wang Z, Chen J, Bi Q. Optimism and subjective well-being in nursing home older adults: The mediating roles of gratitude and social support. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 47:232-238. [PMID: 35994812 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the level of subjective well-being (SWB) and the mediating roles of gratitude and social support in the relationship between optimism and SWB amongst older Chinese people in nursing homes. METHODS A total of 354 older adults in Chinese nursing homes completed the World Health Organization's well-being index, Life Orientation Test-Revised, Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the relationships between optimism, gratitude, social support and SWB. RESULTS The mean SWB score of the older people was (63.14 ±15.31), with 21.0% of subjects reporting low SWB. Gratitude and social support in serial partially mediated the relationship of optimism with SWB (total indirect effect: Standardized β = 0.157, 95% CI [0.109,0.216], p<0.001). CONCLUSION These findings provide good evidence for the inter-relationship mechanism amongst the protective factors of SWB, suggesting the need to prioritize positive psychological nursing interventions to promote SWB in older people in residential care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqin Liu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China; School of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, 343009, China
| | - Dongyi Luo
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
| | - Gangna Zhang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Xue Feng
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Qiulin Bi
- Guangzhou Songhe Nursing Home, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510250, China
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Yukhymenko-Lescroart MA. Student Academic Engagement and Burnout Amidst COVID-19: The Role of Purpose Orientations and Disposition Towards Gratitude in Life. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT RETENTION 2022:15210251221100415. [PMCID: PMC9163653 DOI: 10.1177/15210251221100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study considered the role of broad life orientations of university students on their academic engagement and burnout within the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to examine whether life purpose orientations predicted student academic engagement and burnout directly and indirectly through disposition towards gratitude. University students completed questionnaires assessing academic engagement, burnout (reduced sense of schoolwork accomplishment, schoolwork devaluation, mental exhaustion from schoolwork), life purpose orientations (others-growth, self-growth, career-focused), and disposition towards gratitude. Structural equation modeling showed that academic engagement and two dimensions of burnout (reduced sense of schoolwork accomplishment, schoolwork devaluation) were negatively predicted by career-focused purpose orientation and by disposition towards gratitude. Additionally, reduced sense of schoolwork accomplishment was predicted indirectly by others-growth purpose orientation through disposition towards gratitude. Overall, findings highlight that broad life orientations may play salient roles in student academic success.
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Zhao T, Li H, Zheng L, Zhang Y. How Dispositional Gratitude Shapes Employee Well-being and Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Roles of Leader-Member Exchange and Coworker Exchange. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10690727221099867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dispositional gratitude has recently emerged as a variable of interest in organizational contexts. However, it remains unclear whether dispositional gratitude is predictive of employee well-being, with limited theoretical and empirical elucidation of the underlying mechanisms. To address these limitations, the present study investigated dispositional gratitude as a predictor of employee well-being and organizational commitment. Drawing on the broaden-and-build theory of positive affect, the study also examined whether the social bonding resources of leader-member exchange (LMX) and coworker exchange (CWX) mediated these effects. The participating employees ( N = 300) completed the survey in three waves at one-week intervals. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) confirm that dispositional gratitude is positively related to employee well-being and organizational commitment and that these effects are mediated by LMX and CWX. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of these findings, the study’s limitations, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhao
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Hairong Li
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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27
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von Humboldt S, Mendoza-Ruvalcaba NM, Arias-Merino ED, Ribeiro-Gonçalves JA, Cabras E, Low G, Leal I. The Upside of Negative Emotions: How Do Older Adults From Different Cultures Challenge Their Self-Growth During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Front Psychol 2022; 13:648078. [PMID: 35615171 PMCID: PMC9125028 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.648078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised increased challenges for older adults' personal growth in diverse cultural settings. The aim of this study was to analyze negative emotions and their role on older adults' self-growth in Mexico, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, a cross-national qualitative research was carried out. Methods Data were collected from 338 community-dwelling participants aged 65 years and older, using a semi-structured interview protocol. Older adults were asked about negative emotions that significantly contribute to their self-growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Content analysis was used to identify key themes. Results Seven main negative emotions (fear, sadness, anger, grief, boredom, loneliness, and shame) significantly contributed to seven themes of self-growth, across the samples: sharing difficult experiences with others, supportive partner, spiritual practices, engagement with life, generativity, volunteering activities, and intimacy and sexual satisfaction. Sharing difficult experiences with others was most pertinent to Mexican (13.9%) and to Italian (3.0%) participants, and a supportive partner to Portuguese (12.1%), and to Spanish participants (6.5%). Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to their older adults' self-growth. This study highlighted the cultural diversity of experiences during the pandemics and underlined the upside of negative emotions and its relation to older adults' self-growth during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia von Humboldt
- William James Center for Research, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Emilia Cabras
- Departamento de Educación, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gail Low
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Isabel Leal
- William James Center for Research, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
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28
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The mediating role of avoiding temptation on the relationship between gratitude and academic engagement. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tomczyk J, Nezlek JB, Krejtz I. Gratitude Can Help Women At-Risk for Depression Accept Their Depressive Symptoms, Which Leads to Improved Mental Health. Front Psychol 2022; 13:878819. [PMID: 35465539 PMCID: PMC9022718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.878819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gratitude is commonly known as a positive emotion, but it can also be understood as a disposition—one’s inherent quality that includes being grateful for the positive aspects of one’s life and appreciating altruistic gifts. A growing body of research suggests that having a disposition of gratitude is positively related to wellbeing and psychological adjustment. The present study examined the extent to which acceptance of illness—a measure of adjustment to a distressing condition—mediated relationships between dispositional gratitude and wellbeing among women who had elevated levels of depressive symptoms. Methods Participants were 131 women who, based on scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, were at-risk for experiencing clinical depression. Thirty-five of these participants had been diagnosed as depressed at some point in their lives and 96 had not. Participants completed measures of dispositional gratitude, wellbeing, anxiety, and acceptance of illness. Results Dispositional gratitude was positively correlated with wellbeing and was negatively correlated with depression and anxiety. Dispositional gratitude was also positively correlated with acceptance of illness. Mediational analyses found that acceptance of illness mediated relationships between dispositional gratitude and wellbeing, between dispositional gratitude and anxiety, and between dispositional gratitude and depression. Moreover, such mediation varied as a function of whether women had ever been diagnosed as depressed. Acceptance of illness was related more strongly to wellbeing for women who had been diagnosed as depressed at some time in their lives than it was for women who had never been diagnosed as depressed. Conclusion Women with elevated depressive symptoms who were more grateful (compared to those who were less grateful) were more accepting of their condition, which was related to increased wellbeing and decreased feelings of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tomczyk
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - John B Nezlek
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.,Center for Climate Change and Social Transformation, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.,College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Izabela Krejtz
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
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Dispositional gratitude, health-related factors, and lipid profiles in midlife: a biomarker study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6034. [PMID: 35410991 PMCID: PMC9001645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispositional gratitude has emerged in the literature to be associated with many health benefits in measures ranging from self-reported health to biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. However, little is known about the link between dispositional gratitude and lipid profiles. Drawing from the Gratitude and Self-improvement Model that grateful individuals are more likely to strive for actual self-improvement such as engaging in healthy lifestyles, we investigated the relation between dispositional gratitude and serum lipid levels. Participants consisted of 1800 adults from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) 2: Biomarker Project (N = 1054) and MIDUS Refresher: Biomarker Project (N = 746). Serum lipid profiles were measured through fasting blood samples. After controlling for demographics, use of antihyperlipidemic mediation, and personality traits, we found that higher dispositional gratitude was associated with lower triglyceride levels. Results also revealed that healthy diets and lower BMI partially mediated the gratitude-triglyceride association. However, some variations in the analytic method may influence the associations between gratitude and triglycerides levels. Our findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting dispositional gratitude as a promising psychological factor that is associated with a healthier lipid profile.
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Gonzalez K, Portocarrero FF, Ekema ML. Disposition activation during organizational change: A meta‐analysis. PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/peps.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Gonzalez
- Department of Management and Entrepreneurship Sawyer Business School Suffolk University MA USA
| | | | - Michael Luma Ekema
- Narendra P. Loomba Department of Management Zicklin School of Business Baruch College City University of New York NY USA
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Miljković A, Pribisalić A, Gelemanović A, Lasić D, Hayward C, Polašek O, Kolčić I. The association of dispositional optimism and handedness with pressure pain: A cross-sectional study in the general population. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Youssef-Morgan CM, van Zyl LE, Ahrens BL. The Work Gratitude Scale: Development and Evaluation of a Multidimensional Measure. Front Psychol 2022; 12:795328. [PMID: 35069383 PMCID: PMC8766303 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores gratitude as a multidimensional and work-specific construct. Utilizing a sample of 625 employees from a variety of positions in a medium-sized school district in the United States, we developed and evaluated a new measure, namely the Work Gratitude Scale (WGS), which encompasses recognized conative (intentional), cognitive, affective, and social aspects of gratitude. A systematic, six-phased approach through structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore and confirm the factorial structure, internal consistency, measurement invariance, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity of the WGS. The results supported a 10-item measure with three dimensions: "grateful appraisals" (three items), "gratitude toward others" (four items), and "intentional attitude of gratitude" (three items). Thereafter, first-order, second-order, and bifactor confirmatory models were estimated and compared. Work gratitude was found to be best described by a second-order construct with three underlying first-order dimensions. Measurement invariance was supported in relation to gender. Concurrent validity was supported in relation to two existing dispositional gratitude scales, namely the Gratitude Questionnaire and the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Scale (GRAT). Convergent validity was supported in relation to the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Discriminant validity was supported in relation to various demographic factors such as age, gender, occupation, and tenure. The findings support the WGS as a multidimensional measure that can be used in practice to measure overall work-related gratitude and to track the effectiveness of gratitude-related workplace interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Llewellyn E. van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Fekete EM, Deichert NT. A Brief Gratitude Writing Intervention Decreased Stress and Negative Affect During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:2427-2448. [PMID: 35228834 PMCID: PMC8867461 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exploring ways to mitigate the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic is important for long-term health. Expressive and gratitude-focused writing are effective methods to help individuals process traumatic or stressful events. Gratitude-focused writing may yield additional benefits because it helps individuals appraise events positively. We hypothesized that an online gratitude writing intervention would yield greater benefits than an expressive writing intervention or control group. Participants were randomized to one of three groups and completed assessments one-week and one-month post-intervention. The gratitude writing group maintained gratitude levels and decreased stress and negative affect at one-month post-intervention. The expressive writing group decreased in gratitude and showed no changes in stress or negative affect at one-month post-intervention. The control group decreased in gratitude and negative affect and showed no changes in stress at one-month post-intervention. Gratitude writing may be a better resource for dealing with stress and negative affect than traditional expressive writing methods under extremely stressful situations with uncertain trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Fekete
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46227 USA
| | - Nathan T. Deichert
- Department of Psychology, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, 57799 USA
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Cybervictimisation and depressive symptoms among adolescents: A moderated mediation model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecently, there has been an increase in the problem of cyberbullying all over the world, which implies important negative consequences for adolescent victims’ mental health, such as depression. There are few research studies that analyse the role of gratitude and cognitive coping strategies for the consequences of cybervictimisation. To date, there are few studies examining the influence of both these resources in a cyberbullying context. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to analyse the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) in the relationship between cybervictimisation and depressive symptoms, and to explore the potential moderating role of gratitude among the study variables. A sample of 1156 students between 12 and 18 years (54.33% females) filled out self-report questionnaires measuring cybervictimisation (ECIPQ), cognitive coping strategies (CERQ-SA), depressive symptoms (DASS-21) and gratitude (GQ-5). The outcomes showed that maladaptive CERS partially mediated the relation between cybervictimisation and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, gratitude buffered the relation between maladaptive CERS and depressive symptoms. These findings provide evidence for the buffering role of gratitude in a more frequent use of maladaptive CERS and depressive symptoms in cybervictimisation. The limitations and implications of the study are discussed.
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Bernabe-Valero G, Blasco-Magraner JS, Aguilar-Moya R, Moret-Tatay C. The Moderation Effects of Comparative Thinking Between Gratitude and Negative Affect During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Front Psychol 2021; 12:644323. [PMID: 34497551 PMCID: PMC8419257 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the moderation effects of comparative thinking (CT) across the relationship between gratitude and affect during the COVID-19 outbreak. To this purpose, multiple regression as well as moderation analyses were carried out. Age and sex were also addressed as variables of interest as described in previous literature. A sample of 306 north Americans was recruited by crowdsourcing platform ProA to obtain a representative sample based on age and gender. The participants filled in a questionnaire based on comparative thinking in relation to the emotional experience experienced before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, positive and negative affect schedule for positive and negative affect, as well as Gratitude Questionnaire - Six Items Form scores for gratitude. The main results of the current study related to the COVID-19 outbreak can be listed as follows: (i) no differences between CT groups in the gratitude trait, but differences in positive and negative affect did occur; (ii) regression models that included age, gratitude, and affect variables predicted negative and positive affects but gender did not reach the statistical level; (iii) two moderation models predicted affect from gratitude, with the CT variable moderating this effect; this moderation effect was also statistically significant in predicting negative affect but it was not statistically significant in predicting positive affect. These results might be of interest for training programs in applied levels and theoretical models of gratitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Bernabe-Valero
- MEB Lab (Mind, Emotion, and Behavior Research Laboratory), Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Remedios Aguilar-Moya
- Facultad de Magisterio y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Moret-Tatay
- MEB Lab (Mind, Emotion, and Behavior Research Laboratory), Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso (NESMOS), Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Mead JP, Fisher Z, Tree JJ, Wong PTP, Kemp AH. Protectors of Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Key Roles for Gratitude and Tragic Optimism in a UK-Based Cohort. Front Psychol 2021; 12:647951. [PMID: 34305717 PMCID: PMC8295471 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a global threat to physical and mental health worldwide. Research has highlighted adverse impacts of COVID-19 on wellbeing but has yet to offer insights as to how wellbeing may be protected. Inspired by developments in wellbeing science and guided by our own theoretical framework (the GENIAL model), we examined the role of various potentially protective factors in a sample of 138 participants from the United Kingdom. Protective factors included physical activity (i.e., a health behaviour that helps to build psychological wellbeing), tragic optimism (optimism in the face of tragedy), gratitude (a prosocial emotion), social support (the perception or experience of being loved, cared for, and valued by others), and nature connectedness (physical and psychological connection to nature). Initial analysis involved the application of one-sample t-tests, which confirmed that wellbeing (measured by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale) in the current sample (N = 138; M = 46.08, SD = 9.22) was significantly lower compared to previous samples (d = -0.36 and d = -0.41). Protective factors were observed to account for up to 50% of variance in wellbeing in a hierarchical linear regression that controlled for a range of sociostructural factors including age, gender, and subjective social status, which impact on wellbeing but lie beyond individual control. Gratitude and tragic optimism emerged as significant contributors to the model. Our results identify key psychological attributes that may be harnessed through various positive psychology strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of hardship and suffering, consistent with an existential positive psychology of suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P. Mead
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Fieldbay, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Fisher
- Fieldbay, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Traumatic Brain Injury Service, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Health and Wellbeing Academy, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J. Tree
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T. P. Wong
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew H. Kemp
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Traumatic Brain Injury Service, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Komase Y, Watanabe K, Hori D, Nozawa K, Hidaka Y, Iida M, Imamura K, Kawakami N. Effects of gratitude intervention on mental health and well-being among workers: A systematic review. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12290. [PMID: 34762326 PMCID: PMC8582291 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gratitude intervention, which requires participants to engage regularly in brief activities designed to cultivate a sense of gratefulness, is known as one of the most effective positive psychological interventions. Although numerous meta-analyses and systematic reviews have been conducted on gratitude intervention, no studies have focused on the working population. This study aimed to systematically summarize the effectiveness of gratitude interventions on workers' mental health and well-being. METHODS Systematic search was conducted in February 2021 using five databases. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials implementing gratitude activities among healthy workers and measuring mental health or well-being indicators and original articles or thesis in English. RESULTS Nine out of 1957 articles met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies adopted gratitude list interventions, showing a significant improvement in perceived stress and depression; however, the effects on well-being were inconsistent. Interventions with gratitude list four times or less did not report significant changes in any outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Most gratitude interventions incorporated a gratitude list, and some studies included gratitude activities as a part of the combined program. On the other hand, no studies focused on only behavioral gratitude expression among workers. Gratitude interventions might be effective in improving mental health, but their effects on well-being remain unclear. The total number of gratitude lists and reflections might influence the effect on mental health and well-being; however, due to the high heterogeneity of the studies, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Komase
- Department of Mental HealthGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Public HealthKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Daisuke Hori
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Kyosuke Nozawa
- Department of Psychiatric NursingGraduate school of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yui Hidaka
- Department of Mental HealthGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Mako Iida
- Department of Psychiatric NursingGraduate school of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kotaro Imamura
- Department of Mental HealthGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental HealthGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Jiang D. Feeling Gratitude is Associated with Better Well-being across the Life Span: A Daily Diary Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 77:e36-e45. [PMID: 33284976 PMCID: PMC7798492 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Numerous studies have shown that gratitude can improve mental health of people facing stressful events. However, most studies in this area have been based on laboratory experiments and retrospective surveys, rather than actual situations in which people are experiencing stress. Moreover, few studies have examined whether age moderates the benefits of gratitude. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused enormous psychological distress worldwide. Evidence-based strategies are needed to enhance well-being during this stressful time. This study attempted to fill these gaps by examining the benefits of feeling gratitude every day during the COVID-19 outbreak. Method A sample of 231 participants from mainland China aged 18 to 85 years participated in a 14-day daily diary study. After a pretest to collect demographic data, information on gratitude, daily positive and negative affect, perceived stress related to COVID-19, and subjective health were measured using daily questionnaires on 14 consecutive days. One month after the daily diary period, information on affective experiences, life satisfaction, and subjective health was collected as a follow-up survey. Results On days when individuals feel more gratitude than usual, they report more positive affect, a lower level of perceived stress related to COVID-19, and better subjective health on the concurrent day (Day N). Individuals also report a lower level of stress related to COVID-19 on the following day (Day N+1), when they feel more gratitude than usual on Day N. Higher levels of gratitude across the 14-day study period was associated with a higher level of positive affect and a lower level of negative affect, but was not associated with life satisfaction or subjective health at the one-month follow-up assessment. Discussion These findings demonstrate the benefits of gratitude in a naturalistic situation that induced stress and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jiang
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, Integrated Centre for Wellbeing, Centre for Psychosocial Health, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Future Time Perspective and Perceived Social Support: The Mediating Role of Gratitude. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186707. [PMID: 32942583 PMCID: PMC7559088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Future time perspective, perceived social support, and dispositional gratitude are topics of interest that positively influence people’s psychological health. Although gratitude has been positively associated with future time perspective and social support, this is the first study to investigate its mediating role in the relationships of future time perspective with perceived social support. A convenience sample of 1256 adults (55.1% women), mean age 34.55 years (SD = 13.92), completed self-reported measures of future time perspective (conceptualized as remaining time and opportunities), dispositional gratitude, and received and given social support. Results indicated that higher dispositional gratitude mediated the relationship between the perception of more remaining time and opportunities and greater perception of received and given social support. These findings highlight the importance of considering dispositional characteristics to better understand the impact of perceived future on the individuals’ subjective experience of social exchanges. Interventions addressing future time perspective and dispositional gratitude might have beneficial effects on individuals’ social well-being.
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Kanekar A, Sharma M. COVID-19 and Mental Well-Being: Guidance on the Application of Behavioral and Positive Well-Being Strategies. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E336. [PMID: 32932613 PMCID: PMC7551187 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The raging COVID-19 pandemic has been a great source of anxiety, distress, and stress among the population. Along with mandates for social distancing and infection control measures, the growing importance of managing and cultivating good mental well-being practices cannot be disregarded. The purpose of this commentary is to outline and discuss some research-proven positive well-being and stress reduction strategies to instill healthy coping mechanisms among individuals and community members. The authors anticipate that usage of these strategies at the individual and the community level should greatly benefit the mental well-being not only in the current COVID-19 pandemic but also in any future epidemics at the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Kanekar
- School of Counseling, Human Performance & Rehabilitation, Health Education/Health Promotion, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Environmental & Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA;
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Komase Y, Watanabe K, Sasaki N, Kawakami N. Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Gratitude at Work Scale (GAWS). J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12185. [PMID: 33342013 PMCID: PMC7750024 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Workplace gratitude is important for improving work-related outcomes and individual well-being. Although the gratitude at work scale (GAWS) was developed in the United States, it has not been corroborated in Asian countries with interdependent cultures. This study aimed to develop and validate the GAWS among Japanese workers. METHOD Japanese workers completed online surveys at baseline (N = 206) and 2 weeks later (N = 103). The Japanese GAWS was developed according to the international guidelines. We measured (a) trait gratitude as comparison for the criterion-related validity, (b) work-related outcomes/factors (eg, work engagement), and (c) well-being (eg, eudemonic well-being at work) as comparisons for convergent validity. Cronbach's alpha, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), and measurement errors were calculated to assess reliability; measurement validity was evaluated by correlational analyses and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS A total of 206 and 93 workers were included for baseline and follow-up analyses, respectively. Cronbach's alpha and ICCs of the Japanese GAWS ranged from 0.81 to 0.91. CFA showed that the 2-factor model (ie, gratitude for (a) a supportive work environment and (b) meaningful work) demonstrated a good fit (χ2 (34) = 67.58, CFI = 0.967, TLI = 0.956, RMSEA = 0.069, SRMR = 0.037), similar to the original version. As we had hypothesized, overall GAWS and the two domains were significantly correlated with trait gratitude, work-related outcomes/factors, and well-being. CONCLUSIONS The Japanese GAWS demonstrated good reliability and validity. Future research should explore mechanisms related to workplace gratitude and further intervention studies among workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Komase
- Department of Mental HealthGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Chiyoda‐kuJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Mental HealthGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Natsu Sasaki
- Department of Mental HealthGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental HealthGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
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