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Wang Z, Guo S, He C, Chen L, Wang J, Xiu W, Zhang G, Chen Y, Li A, Zhu X, Xiao X, Yu L, Lu F. Increased Intestinal Inflammation and Permeability in Glaucoma. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:6895-6904. [PMID: 39372596 PMCID: PMC11451454 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s480809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the development of glaucoma. This dysbiosis is commonly associated with chronic intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. However, the understanding of intestinal inflammation and permeability in glaucoma remains insufficient. This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between fecal inflammation and permeability markers and glaucoma. Methods We recruited 114 glaucoma patients and 75 healthy controls. Levels of fecal lactoferrin (Lf) and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to compare both biomarkers between groups and across different severity grades of glaucoma. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between these fecal biomarkers and glaucoma. The severity of glaucoma was assessed based on the mean deviation (MD) in the visual field. Results In this study, we observed elevated levels of fecal Lf and AAT in glaucoma patients. The proportion of glaucoma patients with abnormal fecal Lf levels (≥ 7.25 µg/g) was significantly higher than that of the controls (p = 0.012). A positive correlation was noted between fecal Lf and AAT (rho = 0.20, p = 0.006). After adjusting for age and sex, multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that both fecal Lf (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21, p = 0.026) and AAT (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02, p < 0.001) positively correlated with glaucoma. These biomarkers might reflect glaucoma severity, with significant differences in fecal Lf levels observed between moderate and severe stages, but not in the early stage. Furthermore, increasing levels of fecal AAT correlated with greater severity of glaucomatous injury and a larger vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study suggests an increase in intestinal inflammation and permeability in glaucoma, further indicating the importance of the 'gut-retina axis' in the pathogenesis of the disease and potentially offering new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong He
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xiu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - An Li
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Lu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Ahmad Fadzuli NI, Lim SM, Neoh CF, Majeed ABA, Tan MP, Khor HM, Tan AH, Ramasamy K. Faecal intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammatory markers in older adults with age-related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102506. [PMID: 39306247 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis appraised previous findings to uncover potential faecal intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammatory markers in older adults. A comprehensive literature search led to the identification of ten eligible studies with findings of potential faecal intestinal permeability (zonulin and alpha-1-antitrypsin) and intestinal inflammatory markers [calprotectin, lactoferrin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)]. Most of the cases (n > 2) [Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)] exhibited higher faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin, zonulin and calprotectin levels. The present meta-analysis confirmed significantly higher faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin in older persons with PD compared to non-PD [MD = 22.92 mg/dL; 95 % CI = 14.02-31.81, p < 0.00001; I2 = 0 % (p = 0.73)]. There was, however, no significant difference in faecal zonulin between PD and non-PD individuals [MD = 26.88 ng/mL; 95 % CI = -29.26-83.01, p = 0.35; I2 = 94 % (p < 0.0001)]. Meanwhile, faecal calprotectin was higher in older adults with GI symptoms, multiple system atrophy (MSA) or PD than the healthy controls [MD = 9.51 μg/g; 95 % CI = 0.07-18.95, p = 0.05; I2 = 84 % (p < 0.00001)]. Altogether, faecal calprotectin appears to be a potential intestinal inflammatory marker whereas previous findings on faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin as an intestinal permeability marker remain limited and require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Izzati Ahmad Fadzuli
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fen Neoh
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hui Min Khor
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ai Huey Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia.
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Rusch C, Beke M, Nieves C, Mai V, Stiep T, Tholanikunnel T, Ramirez-Zamora A, Hess CW, Langkamp-Henken B. Promotion of a Mediterranean Diet Alters Constipation Symptoms and Fecal Calprotectin in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:2946. [PMID: 39275262 PMCID: PMC11396875 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, including constipation symptoms and abnormal intestinal permeability and inflammation. A Mediterranean diet (MediDiet) may aid in disease management. This parallel, randomized, controlled trial in people with Parkinson's (PwP) and constipation symptoms compared a MediDiet against standard of care on change in constipation symptoms, dietary intake, and fecal zonulin and calprotectin concentrations as markers of intestinal permeability and inflammation, respectively. Participants were randomized to either standard of care for constipation (control; n = 17, 65.1 ± 2.2 years) or a MediDiet plus standard of care (n = 19, 68.8 ± 1.4 years) for 8 weeks. Constipation scores decreased with both interventions (p < 0.01), but changes from baseline were not different between groups (MediDiet, -0.5 [-1.0, 0]; control, -0.8 [-1.0, 0.2]; median [25th, 75th]; p = 0.60). The MediDiet group had a higher intake of dietary fiber at week 4 than the control group (13.1 ± 0.7 g/1000 kcal vs. 9.8 ± 0.7 g/1000 kcal; p < 0.001). No differences in fecal zonulin were observed between groups (p = 0.33); however, fecal calprotectin tended to be lower in the MediDiet group at week 8 (45.8 ± 15.1 µg/g vs. 93.9 ± 26.8 µg/g; p = 0.05). The MediDiet and standard interventions reduced constipation symptoms; however, the MediDiet provided additional benefit of increased dietary fiber intake and less intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley Rusch
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0370, USA
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Matthew Beke
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0370, USA
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Carmelo Nieves
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0370, USA
| | - Volker Mai
- Department of Epidemiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0009, USA
| | - Tamara Stiep
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Tracy Tholanikunnel
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Christopher W Hess
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
| | - Bobbi Langkamp-Henken
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0370, USA
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Vashishth S, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Deciphering the microbial map and its implications in the therapeutics of neurodegenerative disorder. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102466. [PMID: 39197710 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Every facet of biological anthropology, including development, ageing, diseases, and even health maintenance, is influenced by gut microbiota's significant genetic and metabolic capabilities. With current advancements in sequencing technology and with new culture-independent approaches, researchers can surpass older correlative studies and develop mechanism-based studies on microbiome-host interactions. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) regulates glial functioning, making it a possible target for the improvement of development and advancement of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The gut-brain axis (GBA) is accountable for the reciprocal communication between the gastrointestinal and central nervous system, which plays an essential role in the regulation of physiological processes like controlling hunger, metabolism, and various gastrointestinal functions. Lately, studies have discovered the function of the gut microbiome for brain health-different microbiota through different pathways such as immunological, neurological and metabolic pathways. Additionally, we review the involvement of the neurotransmitters and the gut hormones related to gut microbiota. We also explore the MGBA in neurodegenerative disorders by focusing on metabolites. Further, targeting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), intestinal barrier, meninges, and peripheral immune system is investigated. Lastly, we discuss the therapeutics approach and evaluate the pre-clinical and clinical trial data regarding using prebiotics, probiotics, paraprobiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, personalised medicine, and natural food bioactive in NDDs. A comprehensive study of the GBA will felicitate the creation of efficient therapeutic approaches for treating different NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrutikirti Vashishth
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, VUMC, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India.
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Bellini G, Rettura F, Palermo G, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Pierucci C, Fontanelli L, Frosini D, Nardini V, Lambiase C, Bernardini N, Pellegrini C, Ceravolo R. Prokineticin-2 Is Highly Expressed in Colonic Mucosa of Early Parkinson's Disease Patients. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 39051733 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of prokineticin-2 (PK2), regarded as a protein involved in modulating immune/inflammatory responses, have been detected in the substantia nigra, serum, and olfactory neurons of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Of note, emerging evidence suggests that gut alterations, including dysbiosis and enteric inflammation, play a role in PD via the gut-brain axis. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to investigate the expression of PK2 in colonic biopsies of PD patients. METHODS Mucosal biopsies from the descending colon were obtained in 11 PD patients and five asymptomatic subjects. Biopsy samples were processed for PK2 immunofluorescence and western blot. RESULTS We revealed an increased PK2 expression in colonic mucosa from PD patients in the early stages compared to controls. In addition, we found that PK2 was expressed by activated enteric glial cells and macrophages. CONCLUSIONS PK2 is highly expressed within neurogenic/inflammatory cells of colonic mucosa from early PD patients, suggesting a potential role of PK2 in gut inflammation, especially in the early stages of PD. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bellini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neurology, the Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Francesco Rettura
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clarissa Pierucci
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fontanelli
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Frosini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nardini
- Anatomia Patologica 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christian Lambiase
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
- Anatomia Patologica 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Hagemeyer H, Hellwinkel OJC, Plata-Bello J. Zonulin as Gatekeeper in Gut-Brain Axis: Dysregulation in Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1649. [PMID: 39200114 PMCID: PMC11352073 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor with an extremely unfavorable prognosis, are urgently needed. Recent studies revealed a significant upregulation of the protein zonulin in glioblastoma, which correlates with patient survival. Originally identified as pre-haptoglobin-2, zonulin modulates both the intestinal barrier and the blood-brain barrier by disassembling tight junctions. An association of zonulin with various neuroinflammatory diseases has been observed. It can be suggested that zonulin links a putative impairment of the gut-brain barrier with glioblastoma carcinogenesis, leading to an interaction of the gut microbiome, the immune system, and glioblastoma. We therefore propose three interconnected hypotheses: (I) elevated levels of zonulin in glioblastoma contribute to its aggressiveness; (II) upregulated (serum-) zonulin increases the permeability of the microbiota-gut-brain barrier; and (III) this creates a carcinogenic and immunosuppressive microenvironment preventing the host from an effective antitumor response. The role of zonulin in glioblastoma highlights a promising field of research that could yield diagnostic and therapeutic options for glioblastoma patients and other diseases with a disturbed microbiota-gut-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hagemeyer
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Olaf J. C. Hellwinkel
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julio Plata-Bello
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, S/C de Tenerife, 38320 La Laguna, Spain
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Aktas B, Aslim B, Ozdemir DA. A neurotherapeutic approach with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus E9 on gut microbiota and intestinal barrier in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15460. [PMID: 38965287 PMCID: PMC11224381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in neural development and progression of neural disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD). Probiotics have been suggested to impact neurodegenerative diseases via gut-brain axis. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus E9, a high exopolysaccharide producer, on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. C57BL/6 mice subjected to MPTP were fed L. rhamnosus E9 for fifteen days and sacrificed after the last administration. Motor functions were determined by open-field, catalepsy, and wire-hanging tests. The ileum and the brain tissues were collected for ELISA, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry analyses. The cecum content was obtained for microbiota analysis. E9 supplementation alleviated MPTP-induced motor dysfunctions accompanied by decreased levels of striatal TH and dopamine. E9 also reduced the level of ROS in the striatum and decreased the DAT expression while increasing the DR1. Furthermore, E9 improved intestinal integrity by enhancing ZO-1 and Occludin levels and reversed the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induced by MPTP. In conclusion, E9 supplementation improved the MPTP-induced motor deficits and neural damage as well as intestinal barrier by modulating the gut microbiota in PD mice. These findings suggest that E9 supplementation holds therapeutic potential in managing PD through the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Aktas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, 15200, Turkey.
| | - Belma Aslim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, 06500, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ates Ozdemir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
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Liao PH, Tung HY, Lim WS, Jang JSR, Li H, Shun CT, Chiu HM, Wu MS, Lin CH. Impaired gut barrier integrity and reduced colonic expression of free fatty acid receptors in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07641-2. [PMID: 38862654 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered gut metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in feces and plasma are observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the colonic expression of two SCFA receptors, free fatty acid receptor (FFAR)2 and FFAR3, and gut barrier integrity in patients with PD and correlations with clinical severity. METHODS In this retrospective study, colonic biopsy specimens were collected from 37 PD patients and 34 unaffected controls. Of this cohort, 31 participants (14 PD, 17 controls) underwent a series of colon biopsies. Colonic expression of FFAR2, FFAR3, and the tight junction marker ZO-1 were assayed by immunofluorescence staining. The You Only Look Once (version 8, YOLOv8) algorithm was used for automated detection and segmentation of immunostaining signal. PD motor function was assessed with the Movement Disorder Society (MDS)-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and constipation was assessed using Rome-IV criteria. RESULTS Compared with controls, PD patients had significantly lower colonic expression of ZO-1 (p < 0.01) and FFAR2 (p = 0.01). On serial biopsy, colonic expression of FFAR2 and FFAR3 was reduced in the pre-motor stage before PD diagnosis (both p < 0.01). MDS-UPDRS motor scores did not correlate with colonic marker levels. Constipation severity negatively correlated with colonic ZO-1 levels (r = -0.49, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Colonic expression of ZO-1 and FFAR2 is lower in PD patients compared with unaffected controls, and FFAR2 and FFAR3 levels decline in the pre-motor stage of PD. Our findings implicate a leaky gut phenomenon in PD and reinforce that gut metabolites may contribute to the process of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsiao-Yen Tung
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wee Shin Lim
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Shing Roger Jang
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsun Li
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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He Y, Zhao J, Ma Y, Yan X, Duan Y, Zhang X, Dong H, Fang R, Zhang Y, Li Q, Yang P, Yu M, Fei J, Huang F. Citrobacter rodentium infection impairs dopamine metabolism and exacerbates the pathology of Parkinson's disease in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:153. [PMID: 38849869 PMCID: PMC11161935 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with indistinct etiology and ill-defined pathophysiology. Intestinal inflammation involved in the pathogenesis of PD, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Citrobacter rodentium (C.R) is a gram-negative bacterium that can be used to induce human inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Here, we investigated whether the proinflammatory effects caused by C.R infection initiate PD-like injury and/or exacerbate PD pathology and extensively studied the underlying mechanism. Mice were gavaged once with C.R and monitored for several pathological features at 9 days post infection. The results showed that C.R delivery in mice induced IBD-like symptoms, including significant weight loss, increased fecal water content, an impaired intestinal barrier, intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation, and intestinal microbiota disturbances. Notably, C.R infection modified dopamine (DA) metabolism in the brains of both male and female mice. Subsequently, a single high dose of MPTP or normal saline was administered at 6 days post infection. At 3 days after MPTP administration, the feces were collected for 16 S rRNA analysis, and PD-like phenotypes and mechanisms were systemically analyzed. Compared with C.R or MPTP injection alone, the injection of C.R and MPTP combined worsened behavioral performance. Moreover, such combination triggered more severe dopaminergic degeneration and glial cell overactivation in the nigrostriatal pathway of mice. Mechanistically, the combination of C.R and MPTP increased the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in the colon and striatum and upregulated proinflammatory cytokine expression. Therefore, C.R infection-induced intestinal inflammation can impair dopamine metabolism and exacerbate PD pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao He
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yufei Duan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SMOC, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SMOC, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SMOC, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Rajkovaca Latic I, Popovic Z, Mijatovic K, Sahinovic I, Pekic V, Vucic D, Cosic V, Miskic B, Tomic S. Association of intestinal inflammation and permeability markers with clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 123:106948. [PMID: 38554664 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis can stimulate degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and development of Parkinson's disease (PD) via the gut-brain axis in certain patients. METHODS In a case-control study, fecal markers of intestinal inflammation and permeability were measured using the ELISA method in PD patients and healthy controls. Motor and nonmotor symptoms were assessed using the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Unified PD Rating Scale, Hoehn & Yahr scale, MDS Non-Motor Symptom Scale, Scales for Outcomes in PD - Autonomic Dysfunction, PD Sleep Scale - 2, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory-II. A correlation was established between the intestinal inflammation and permeability markers and PD symptoms. RESULTS Higher levels of beta-defensin 2, zonulin and lactoferrin were recorded in PD patients compared to controls. Calprotectin and secretory immunoglobulin A showed no significant differences. Regression analysis indicated the roles of beta-defensin 2 and lactoferrin in predicting PD likelihood. Calprotectin yielded positive correlations with disease duration, depression, motor fluctuations, and gastrointestinal symptoms; beta defensin 2 with thermoregulation; and secretory immunoglobulin A with depression. Secretory immunoglobulin A showed negative correlation with age and age at disease onset, while zonulin showed negative correlation with the MDS Unified PD Rating Scale total score. CONCLUSIONS Fecal markers differed in PD patients compared to controls and correlated with age, disease duration, and some nonmotor symptoms. Future studies should identify the subgroups of PD patients that are likely to develop intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Rajkovaca Latic
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Dr.Josip Bencevic General Hospital, Andrije Stampara 42, 35 000, Slavonski Brod, Croatia.
| | - Zvonimir Popovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Department of Neurology, Osijek University Hospital Center, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Katica Mijatovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Department of Nucelar Medicine, Osijek University Hospital Center, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Sahinovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Osijek University Hospital Center, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Pekic
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Department of Neurology, Osijek University Hospital Center, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia; Department of Cardiology, Dr.Josip Bencevic General Hospital, Andrije Stampara 42, 35 000, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Vesna Cosic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Blazenka Miskic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Dr.Josip Bencevic General Hospital, Andrije Stampara 42, 35 000, Slavonski Brod, Croatia; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Svetlana Tomic
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Department of Neurology, Osijek University Hospital Center, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
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11
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Menozzi E, Schapira AHV. The Gut Microbiota in Parkinson Disease: Interactions with Drugs and Potential for Therapeutic Applications. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:315-331. [PMID: 38570412 PMCID: PMC11026199 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The concept of a 'microbiota-gut-brain axis' has recently emerged as an important player in the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease (PD), not least because of the reciprocal interaction between gut bacteria and medications. The gut microbiota can influence levodopa kinetics, and conversely, drugs administered for PD can influence gut microbiota composition. Through a two-step enzymatic pathway, gut microbes can decarboxylate levodopa to dopamine in the small intestine and then dehydroxylate it to m-tyramine, thus reducing availability. Inhibition of bacterial decarboxylation pathways could therefore represent a strategy to increase levodopa absorption. Other bacterial perturbations common in PD, such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and Helicobacter pylori infection, can also modulate levodopa metabolism, and eradication therapies may improve levodopa absorption. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota offer a novel opportunity to manage disabling motor complications and dopa-unresponsive symptoms. Mediterranean diet-induced changes in gut microbiota composition might improve a range of non-motor symptoms. Prebiotics can increase levels of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and decrease pro-inflammatory species, with positive effects on clinical symptoms and levodopa kinetics. Different formulations of probiotics showed beneficial outcomes on constipation, with some of them improving dopamine levels; however, the most effective dosage and duration and long-term effects of these treatments remain unknown. Data from faecal microbiota transplantation studies are preliminary, but show encouraging trends towards improvement in both motor and non-motor outcomes.This article summarises the most up-to-date knowledge in pharmacomicrobiomics in PD, and discusses how the manipulation of gut microbiota represents a potential new therapeutic avenue for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Menozzi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, NW3 2PF, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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12
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Panaitescu PȘ, Răzniceanu V, Mocrei-Rebrean ȘM, Neculicioiu VS, Dragoș HM, Costache C, Filip GA. The Effect of Gut Microbiota-Targeted Interventions on Neuroinflammation and Motor Function in Parkinson's Disease Animal Models-A Systematic Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3946-3974. [PMID: 38785512 PMCID: PMC11120577 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome-targeted interventions such as fecal transplant, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotic gut depletion are speculated to be of potential use in delaying the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease by rebalancing the gut microbiome in the context of the gut-brain axis. Our study aims to organize recent findings regarding these interventions in Parkinson's disease animal models to identify how they affect neuroinflammation and motor outcomes. A systematic literature search was applied in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and SCOPUS for gut microbiome-targeted non-dietary interventions. Studies that investigated gut-targeted interventions by using in vivo murine PD models to follow dopaminergic cell loss, motor tests, and neuroinflammatory markers as outcomes were considered to be eligible. A total of 1335 studies were identified in the databases, out of which 29 were found to be eligible. A narrative systematization of the resulting data was performed, and the effect direction for the outcomes was represented. Quality assessment using the SYRCLE risk of bias tool was also performed. Out of the 29 eligible studies, we found that a significant majority report that the intervention reduced the dopaminergic cell loss (82.76%, 95% CI [64.23%, 94.15%]) produced by the induction of the disease model. Also, most studies reported a reduction in microglial (87.5%, 95% CI [61.65%, 98.45%]) and astrocytic activation (84,62%, 95% CI [54.55%, 98.08%]) caused by the induction of the disease model. These results were also mirrored in the majority (96.4% 95% CI [81.65%, 99.91%]) of the studies reporting an increase in performance in behavioral motor tests. A significant limitation of the study was that insufficient information was found in the studies to assess specific causes of the risk of bias. These results show that non-dietary gut microbiome-targeted interventions can improve neuroinflammatory and motor outcomes in acute Parkinson's disease animal models. Further studies are needed to clarify if these benefits transfer to the long-term pathogenesis of the disease, which is not yet fully understood. The study had no funding source, and the protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database with the ID number CRD42023461495.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Ștefan Panaitescu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-Ș.P.); (Ș.-M.M.-R.)
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.S.N.)
| | - Vlad Răzniceanu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-Ș.P.); (Ș.-M.M.-R.)
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.S.N.)
| | - Ștefania-Maria Mocrei-Rebrean
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-Ș.P.); (Ș.-M.M.-R.)
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.S.N.)
| | - Vlad Sever Neculicioiu
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.S.N.)
| | - Hanna-Maria Dragoș
- Department of Neurology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Costache
- Department of Microbiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.S.N.)
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-Ș.P.); (Ș.-M.M.-R.)
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13
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Duan WX, Wang F, Liu JY, Liu CF. Relationship Between Short-chain Fatty Acids and Parkinson's Disease: A Review from Pathology to Clinic. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:500-516. [PMID: 37755674 PMCID: PMC11003953 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies and neurites, and massive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are involved in the development of PD. Among these, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the most abundant microbial metabolites, have been proven to play a key role in brain-gut communication. In this review, we analyze the role of SCFAs in the pathology of PD from multiple dimensions and summarize the alterations of SCFAs in PD patients as well as their correlation with motor and non-motor symptoms. Future research should focus on further elucidating the role of SCFAs in neuroinflammation, as well as developing novel strategies employing SCFAs and their derivatives to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiang Duan
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dushu Lake Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215125, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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14
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Iwaniak P, Owe-Larsson M, Urbańska EM. Microbiota, Tryptophan and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors as the Target Triad in Parkinson's Disease-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2915. [PMID: 38474162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the era of a steadily increasing lifespan, neurodegenerative diseases among the elderly present a significant therapeutic and socio-economic challenge. A properly balanced diet and microbiome diversity have been receiving increasing attention as targets for therapeutic interventions in neurodegeneration. Microbiota may affect cognitive function, neuronal survival and death, and gut dysbiosis was identified in Parkinson's disease (PD). Tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid, is degraded by microbiota and hosts numerous compounds with immune- and neuromodulating properties. This broad narrative review presents data supporting the concept that microbiota, the Trp-kynurenine (KYN) pathway and aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) form a triad involved in PD. A disturbed gut-brain axis allows the bidirectional spread of pro-inflammatory molecules and α-synuclein, which may contribute to the development/progression of the disease. We suggest that the peripheral levels of kynurenines and AhR ligands are strongly linked to the Trp metabolism in the gut and should be studied together with the composition of the microbiota. Such an approach can clearly delineate the sub-populations of PD patients manifesting with a disturbed microbiota-Trp-KYN-brain triad, who would benefit from modifications in the Trp metabolism. Analyses of the microbiome, Trp-KYN pathway metabolites and AhR signaling may shed light on the mechanisms of intestinal distress and identify new targets for the diagnosis and treatment in early-stage PD. Therapeutic interventions based on the combination of a well-defined food regimen, Trp and probiotics seem of potential benefit and require further experimental and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Iwaniak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maja Owe-Larsson
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa M Urbańska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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15
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Boles JS, Krueger ME, Jernigan JE, Cole CL, Neighbarger NK, Uriarte Huarte O, Tansey MG. A leaky gut dysregulates gene networks in the brain associated with immune activation, oxidative stress, and myelination in a mouse model of colitis. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:473-492. [PMID: 38341052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut and brain are increasingly linked in human disease, with neuropsychiatric conditions classically attributed to the brain showing an involvement of the intestine and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) displaying an ever-expanding list of neurological comorbidities. To identify molecular systems that underpin this gut-brain connection and thus discover therapeutic targets, experimental models of gut dysfunction must be evaluated for brain effects. In the present study, we examine disturbances along the gut-brain axis in a widely used murine model of colitis, the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model, using high-throughput transcriptomics and an unbiased network analysis strategy coupled with standard biochemical outcome measures to achieve a comprehensive approach to identify key disease processes in both colon and brain. We examine the reproducibility of colitis induction with this model and its resulting genetic programs during different phases of disease, finding that DSS-induced colitis is largely reproducible with a few site-specific molecular features. We focus on the circulating immune system as the intermediary between the gut and brain, which exhibits an activation of pro-inflammatory innate immunity during colitis. Our unbiased transcriptomics analysis provides supporting evidence for immune activation in the brain during colitis, suggests that myelination may be a process vulnerable to increased intestinal permeability, and identifies a possible role for oxidative stress and brain oxygenation. Overall, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of multiple systems in a prevalent experimental model of intestinal permeability, which will inform future studies using this model and others, assist in the identification of druggable targets in the gut-brain axis, and contribute to our understanding of the concomitance of intestinal and neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Sondag Boles
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Maeve E Krueger
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Janna E Jernigan
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Cassandra L Cole
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Noelle K Neighbarger
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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16
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Ekwudo MN, Gubert C, Hannan AJ. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Huntington's disease: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38426291 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a currently incurable neurogenerative disorder and is typically characterized by progressive movement disorder (including chorea), cognitive deficits (culminating in dementia), psychiatric abnormalities (the most common of which is depression), and peripheral symptoms (including gastrointestinal dysfunction). There are currently no approved disease-modifying therapies available for HD, with death usually occurring approximately 10-25 years after onset, but some therapies hold promising potential. HD subjects are often burdened by chronic diarrhea, constipation, esophageal and gastric inflammation, and a susceptibility to diabetes. Our understanding of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in HD is in its infancy and growing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests a role of gut microbial population imbalance (gut dysbiosis) in HD pathophysiology. The gut and the brain can communicate through the enteric nervous system, immune system, vagus nerve, and microbiota-derived-metabolites including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and branched-chain amino acids. This review summarizes supporting evidence demonstrating the alterations in bacterial and fungal composition that may be associated with HD. We focus on mechanisms through which gut dysbiosis may compromise brain and gut health, thus triggering neuroinflammatory responses, and further highlight outcomes of attempts to modulate the gut microbiota as promising therapeutic strategies for HD. Ultimately, we discuss the dearth of data and the need for more longitudinal and translational studies in this nascent field. We suggest future directions to improve our understanding of the association between gut microbes and the pathogenesis of HD, and other 'brain and body disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent N Ekwudo
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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17
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Capra BT, Hudson S, Helder M, Laskaridou E, Johnson AL, Gilmore C, Marinik E, Hedrick VE, Savla J, David LA, Davy KP, Davy BM. Ultra-processed food intake, gut microbiome, and glucose homeostasis in mid-life adults: Background, design, and methods of a controlled feeding trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 137:107427. [PMID: 38184104 PMCID: PMC10922925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with gut dysbiosis, low-grade inflammation, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Prediabetes, which increases T2D and cardiovascular disease risk, is present in 45-50% of mid-life adults. The gut microbiota may link ultra-processed food (UPF) with inflammation and T2D risk. METHODS Following a 2-week standardized lead-in diet (59% UPF), adults aged 40-65 years will be randomly assigned to a 6-week diet emphasizing either UPF (81% total energy) or non-UPF (0% total energy). Measurements of insulin sensitivity, 24-h and postprandial glycemic control, gut microbiota composition/function, fecal short chain fatty acids, intestinal inflammation, inflammatory cytokines, and vascular function will be made before and following the 6-week intervention period. Prior to recruitment, menus were developed in order to match UPF and non-UPF conditions based upon relevant dietary factors. Menus were evaluated for palatability and costs, and the commercial additive content of study diets was quantified to explore potential links with outcomes. RESULTS Overall diet palatability ratings were similar (UPF = 7.6 ± 1.0; Non-UPF = 6.8 ± 1.5; Like Moderately = 7, Like Very Much = 8). Cost analysis (food + labor) of the 2000 kcal menu (7-d average) revealed lower costs for UPF compared to non-UPF diets ($20.97/d and $40.23/d, respectively). Additive exposure assessment of the 2000 kcal UPF diet indicated that soy lecithin (16×/week), citric acid (13×/week), sorbic acid (13×/week), and sodium citrate (12×/week) were the most frequently consumed additives. CONCLUSIONS Whether UPF consumption impairs glucose homeostasis in mid-life adults is unknown. Findings will address this research gap and contribute information on how UPF consumption may influence T2D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey T Capra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America.
| | - Summer Hudson
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - McKenna Helder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech,United States of America
| | - Eleni Laskaridou
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Aubrey L Johnson
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Carson Gilmore
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - Elaina Marinik
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Valisa E Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Jyoti Savla
- Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America; Center for Gerontology, Virginia Tech, United States of America
| | - Lawrence A David
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University, United States of America; Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, United States of America
| | - Kevin P Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
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18
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Bonaz B. The gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024; 180:65-78. [PMID: 38129277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a bi-directional communication between the gut, including the microbiota, and the brain through the autonomic nervous system. Accumulating evidence has suggested a bidirectional link between gastrointestinal inflammation and neurodegeneration, in accordance with the concept of the gut-rain axis. An abnormal microbiota-gut-brain interaction contributes to the pathogeny of Parkinson's disease. This supports the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease originates in the gut to spread to the central nervous system, in particular through the vagus nerve. Targeting the gut-to-brain axis with vagus nerve stimulation, fecal microbiota transplantation, gut-selective antibiotics, as well as drugs targeting the leaky gut might be of interest in the management of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bonaz
- Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Grenoble institut neurosciences, université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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19
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Putra C, Bello D, Kelleher SL, Tucker KL, Mangano KM. Stool titanium dioxide is positively associated with stool alpha-1 antitrypsin and calprotectin in young healthy adults. NANOIMPACT 2024; 33:100498. [PMID: 38367662 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2/E171) is used widely in foods, primarily as a food additive. Animal models have shown that chronic TiO2 exposure may disturb homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract by increasing gut permeability, inducing gut inflammation, and increasing the likelihood of microbial infection. Adults have a wide range of ingested TiO2,which span two to three orders of magnitude, with a small portion of individuals consuming near gram quantities of TiO2/day. However, research on the health effects of chronic ingestion of TiO2/E171 in humans is limited. We hypothesized that regularly ingested TiO2/E171 is associated with increased gut inflammation and gut permeability in healthy adults. We tested this hypothesis in a cross-sectional design by measuring clinically established stool markers of gut inflammation (calprotectin, lactoferrin) and gut permeability (alpha-1 antitrypsin; A1AT) in 35 healthy adults, and comparing these markers between relatively high and low TiO2 exposure groups. Participants were stratified by TiO2 stool content (high dry stool TiO2 content: 0.95-9.92 μg/mg, n = 20; low content: 0.01-0.04 μg/mg; n = 15). Differences in gut health markers were tested between high and low exposure groups by independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between TiO2 in dry stool and measured stool alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT). Participants in the high stool TiO2 group had greater stool A1AT (42.7 ± 21.6 mg/dL; median: 38.3; range: 1.0-49.2 mg/dL), compared to the low TiO2 group (22.8 ± 13.6 mg/dL; median: 20.9; range: 8.7-93.0 mg/dL), P = 0.003. There was also greater stool calprotectin in the high TiO2 group (51.4 ± 48.6 μg/g; median 29.2 μg/g; range: 15.3-199.0 μg/g) than in the low group (47.5 ± 63.3 μg/g; median 18.8 μg/g; range: 1.6-198.1 μg/g), P = 0.04. No clear difference was observed for lactoferrin (high TiO2 group 1.6 ± 2.1 μg/g; median: 0.68 μg/g; range: 0.01-7.7 μg/g, low TiO2 group: 1.3 ± 2.6 μg/g; median: 0.2; range: 0.01-7.6 μg/g) (P = 0.15). A1AT concentration was positively associated with stool TiO2, after adjusting for confounders (β ± SE: 19.6 ± 7.2; P = 0.01) R2 = 0.38). Community dwelling, healthy adults with the highest TiO2 stool content had higher stool A1AT and calprotectin, compared to those with the lowest TiO2 stool content. Ongoing research is needed to validate these observations in larger groups, and to determine the long-term effects of ingested TiO2 on human gut health, using these and additional health endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianto Putra
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States of America
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States of America
| | - Shannon L Kelleher
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States of America
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States of America
| | - Kelsey M Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States of America.
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20
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Patil RS, Tupe RS. Communal interaction of glycation and gut microbes in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:365-405. [PMID: 37589449 DOI: 10.1002/med.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasing gradually, reflecting a global threat vis-à-vis expressing the essentiality of a substantial paradigm shift in research and remedial actions. Protein glycation is influenced by several factors, like time, temperature, pH, metal ions, and the half-life of the protein. Surprisingly, most proteins associated with metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders are generally long-lived and hence susceptible to glycation. Remarkably, proteins linked with diabetes, AD, and PD share this characteristic. This modulates protein's structure, aggregation tendency, and toxicity, highlighting renovated attention. Gut microbes and microbial metabolites marked their importance in human health and diseases. Though many scientific shreds of evidence are proposed for possible change and dysbiosis in gut flora in these diseases, very little is known about the mechanisms. Screening and unfolding their functionality in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders is essential in hunting the gut treasure. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the role of glycation as a common link in diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, which helps to clarify if modulation of nonenzymatic glycation may act as a beneficial therapeutic strategy and gut microbes/metabolites may answer some of the crucial questions. This review briefly emphasizes the common functional attributes of glycation and gut microbes, the possible linkages, and discusses current treatment options and therapeutic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shivaji Patil
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rashmi Santosh Tupe
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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21
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Zaidalkiani AT, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Bahaa MM, Al-Faraga A, Batiha GES. Calprotectin in Parkinsonian disease: Anticipation and dedication. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102143. [PMID: 38008403 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). PD is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Non-motor symptoms such as constipation and dysfunction of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) motility together with medications used in the management of PD affect gut microbiota. Alterations of gut microbiota with development of gut dyspiosis can induce momentous changes in gut barrier with subsequent systemic inflammation and induction of neuroinflammation. It has been shown that calprotectin which reflect intestinal inflammation and gut barrier injury are augmented in PD. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the possible role of gut barrier injury and associated dysbiois in PD neuropathology, and how calprotectin reflects gut barrier injury in PD. Benefit of this review was to elucidate that high fecal calprotectin level in PD patients indicated gut dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation. Early increment of fecal calprotectin indicates the development of gut dysbiosis and/or gut-barrier injury which may precede motor symptoms by decades. Thus, fecal calprotectin could be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in PD. preclinical and clinical studies are warranted in this regard to emphasize the potential role of fecal calprotectin in PD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ayah Talal Zaidalkiani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, 11196 Amman, Jordan
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia; AFNP Med, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mostafa M Bahaa
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Ammar Al-Faraga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira 22511, Egypt
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22
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Koukoulis TF, Beauchamp LC, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, McQuade RM, Purnianto A, Finkelstein DI, Barnham KJ, Vella LJ. Do Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Contribute to Chronic Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:227-244. [PMID: 38427502 PMCID: PMC10977405 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasingly common neurodegenerative disease. It has been suggested that the etiology of idiopathic PD is complex and multifactorial involving environmental contributions, such as viral or bacterial infections and microbial dysbiosis, in genetically predisposed individuals. With advances in our understanding of the gut-brain axis, there is increasing evidence that the intestinal microbiota and the mammalian immune system functionally interact. Recent findings suggest that a shift in the gut microbiome to a pro-inflammatory phenotype may play a role in PD onset and progression. While there are links between gut bacteria, inflammation, and PD, the bacterial products involved and how they traverse the gut lumen and distribute systemically to trigger inflammation are ill-defined. Mechanisms emerging in other research fields point to a role for small, inherently stable vesicles released by Gram-negative bacteria, called outer membrane vesicles in disease pathogenesis. These vesicles facilitate communication between bacteria and the host and can shuttle bacterial toxins and virulence factors around the body to elicit an immune response in local and distant organs. In this perspective article, we hypothesize a role for bacterial outer membrane vesicles in PD pathogenesis. We present evidence suggesting that these outer membrane vesicles specifically from Gram-negative bacteria could potentially contribute to PD by traversing the gut lumen to trigger local, systemic, and neuroinflammation. This perspective aims to facilitate a discussion on outer membrane vesicles in PD and encourage research in the area, with the goal of developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiana F. Koukoulis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leah C. Beauchamp
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brighamand Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel M. McQuade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Gut-Axis Injury and Repair Laboratory, Western Centre for Health Research and Education (WCHRE), The University of Melbourne, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Centre for Health Research and Education (WCHRE), Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Adityas Purnianto
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Barnham
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J. Vella
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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23
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Zhang X, Tang B, Guo J. Parkinson's disease and gut microbiota: from clinical to mechanistic and therapeutic studies. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:59. [PMID: 38098067 PMCID: PMC10722742 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. The typical symptomatology of PD includes motor symptoms; however, a range of nonmotor symptoms, such as intestinal issues, usually occur before the motor symptoms. Various microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract can profoundly influence the physiopathology of the central nervous system through neurological, endocrine, and immune system pathways involved in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, extensive evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is strongly associated with PD. This review summarizes the latest findings on microbial changes in PD and their clinical relevance, describes the underlying mechanisms through which intestinal bacteria may mediate PD, and discusses the correlations between gut microbes and anti-PD drugs. In addition, this review outlines the status of research on microbial therapies for PD and the future directions of PD-gut microbiota research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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24
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Atilano ML, Hull A, Romila CA, Adams ML, Wildfire J, Ureña E, Dyson M, Ivan-Castillo-Quan J, Partridge L, Kinghorn KJ. Autophagic dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis cause chronic immune activation in a Drosophila model of Gaucher disease. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011063. [PMID: 38127816 PMCID: PMC10734978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA1 gene cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD) and are the greatest known genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Communication between the gut and brain and immune dysregulation are increasingly being implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as PD. Here, we show that flies lacking the Gba1b gene, the main fly orthologue of GBA1, display widespread NF-kB signalling activation, including gut inflammation, and brain glial activation. We also demonstrate intestinal autophagic defects, gut dysfunction, and microbiome dysbiosis. Remarkably, modulating the microbiome of Gba1b knockout flies, by raising them under germ-free conditions, partially ameliorates lifespan, locomotor and immune phenotypes. Moreover, we show that modulation of the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway is detrimental to the survival of Gba1 deficient flies. We also reveal that direct stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin treatment achieves similar benefits to germ-free conditions independent of gut bacterial load. Consistent with this, we show that pharmacologically blocking autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion, mimicking the autophagy defects of Gba1 depleted cells, is sufficient to stimulate intestinal immune activation. Overall, our data elucidate a mechanism whereby an altered microbiome, coupled with defects in autophagy, drive chronic activation of NF-kB signaling in a Gba1 loss-of-function model. It also highlights that elimination of the microbiota or stimulation of autophagy to remove immune mediators, rather than prolonged immunosuppression, may represent effective therapeutic avenues for GBA1-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda L. Atilano
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Hull
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catalina-Andreea Romila
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mirjam L. Adams
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Wildfire
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enric Ureña
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda Dyson
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Ivan-Castillo-Quan
- Section on Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Linda Partridge
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerri J. Kinghorn
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Kleine Bardenhorst S, Cereda E, Severgnini M, Barichella M, Pezzoli G, Keshavarzian A, Desideri A, Pietrucci D, Aho VTE, Scheperjans F, Hildebrand F, Weis S, Egert M, Karch A, Vital M, Rübsamen N. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in Parkinson disease: A systematic review and pooled analysis. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3581-3594. [PMID: 36593694 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD) is under intense investigation, and the results presented are still very heterogeneous. These discrepancies arise not only from the highly heterogeneous pathology of PD, but also from widely varying methodologies at all stages of the workflow, from sampling to final statistical analysis. The aim of the present work is to harmonize the workflow across studies to reduce the methodological heterogeneity and to perform a pooled analysis to account for other sources of heterogeneity. METHODS We performed a systematic review to identify studies comparing the gut microbiota of PD patients to healthy controls. A workflow was designed to harmonize processing across all studies from bioinformatics processing to final statistical analysis using a Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis based on individual patient-level data. RESULTS The results show that harmonizing workflows minimizes differences between statistical methods and reveals only a small set of taxa being associated with the pathogenesis of PD. Increased shares of the genera Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium and decreased shares of the genera Roseburia and Faecalibacterium were most characteristic for PD-associated microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Our study summarizes evidence that reduced levels of butyrate-producing taxa in combination with possible degradation of the mucus layer by Akkermansia may promote intestinal inflammation and reduced permeability of the gut mucosal layer. This may allow potentially pathogenic metabolites to transit and enter the enteric nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuele Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST-Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milan, Italy
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome & Chronobiology Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Daniele Pietrucci
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food, and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM, Italian National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Velma T E Aho
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, and Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Filip Scheperjans
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, and Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Severin Weis
- Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Furtwangen, Germany
| | - Markus Egert
- Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Furtwangen, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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26
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Bigi A, Cascella R, Cecchi C. α-Synuclein oligomers and fibrils: partners in crime in synucleinopathies. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2332-2342. [PMID: 37282450 PMCID: PMC10360081 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein is the general hallmark of a group of devastating neurodegenerative pathologies referred to as synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. In such conditions, a range of different misfolded aggregates, including oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils, are present both in neurons and glial cells. Growing experimental evidence supports the proposition that soluble oligomeric assemblies, formed during the early phases of the aggregation process, are the major culprits of neuronal toxicity; at the same time, fibrillar conformers appear to be the most efficient at propagating among interconnected neurons, thus contributing to the spreading of α-synuclein pathology. Moreover, α-synuclein fibrils have been recently reported to release soluble and highly toxic oligomeric species, responsible for an immediate dysfunction in the recipient neurons. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the plethora of mechanisms of cellular dysfunction caused by α-synuclein oligomers and fibrils, both contributing to neurodegeneration in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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27
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Chen Y, Zhang LY, Fang Y, Li C, Xia DD, Zhang G, Wen Y, Zhang SZ, Hu L, Gu LY, Liu Y, Tian J, Yan YP, Yin XZ, Tao ZH, Zhang BR, Pu JL. Elevated serum anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody accompanied by gut mycobiota dysbiosis as a biomarker of diagnosis in patients with de novo Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3462-3470. [PMID: 36694359 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis contribute to Parkinson disease (PD) pathogenesis, and growing evidence suggests associations between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and PD. Considered as markers of chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, elevated serum anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) levels, against certain gut fungal components, are related to IBD, but their effect on PD is yet to be investigated. METHODS Serum ASCA IgG and IgA levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the gut mycobiota communities were investigated using ITS2 sequencing and analyzed using the Qiime pipeline. RESULTS The study included 393 subjects (148 healthy controls [HCs], 140 with PD, and 105 with essential tremor [ET]). Both serum ASCA IgG and IgA levels were significantly higher in the PD group than in the ET and HC groups. Combining serum ASCA levels and the occurrence of constipation could discriminate patients with PD from controls (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76-0.86) and from patients with ET (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.79-0.89). Furthermore, the composition of the gut fungal community differed between the PD and HC groups. The relative abundances of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus, Candida solani, Aspergillus flavus, ASV601_Fungi, ASV866_Fungi, and ASV755_Fungi were significantly higher in the PD group, and enriched Malassezia restricta was found in the HC group. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified elevated serum ASCA levels and enriched gut Saccharomyces cerevisiae in de novo PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Xia
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Hu
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu-Yan Gu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Zhen Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Tao
- Department of Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bao-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Li Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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28
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Berthouzoz E, Lazarevic V, Zekeridou A, Castro M, Debove I, Aybek S, Schrenzel J, Burkhard PR, Fleury V. Oral and intestinal dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:937-946. [PMID: 36934020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The suspicion of an origin of Parkinson's disease (PD) at the periphery of the body and the involvement of environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of PD have directed the attention of the scientific community towards the microbiota. The microbiota represents all the microorganisms residing both in and on a host. It plays an essential role in the physiological functioning of the host. In this article, we review the dysbiosis repeatedly demonstrated in PD and how it influences PD symptoms. Dysbiosis is associated with both motor and non-motor PD symptoms. In animal models, dysbiosis only promotes symptoms in individuals genetically susceptible to Parkinson's disease, suggesting that dysbiosis is a risk factor but not a cause of Parkinson's disease. We also review how dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of PD. Dysbiosis induces numerous and complex metabolic changes, resulting in increased intestinal permeability, local and systemic inflammation, production of bacterial amyloid proteins that promote α-synuclein aggregation, as well as a decrease in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria that have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential. In addition, we review how dysbiosis decreases the efficacy of dopaminergic treatments. We then discuss the interest of dysbiosis analysis as a biomarker of Parkinson's disease. Finally, we give an overview of how interventions modulating the gut microbiota such as dietary interventions, pro-biotics, intestinal decontamination and fecal microbiota transplantation could influence the course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Berthouzoz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - V Lazarevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Genomic Research Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - A Zekeridou
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - M Castro
- Movement disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Debove
- Movement disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Aybek
- Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Schrenzel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Genomic Research Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - P R Burkhard
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Movement disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - V Fleury
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Movement disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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29
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Schmit KJ, Garcia P, Sciortino A, Aho VTE, Pardo Rodriguez B, Thomas MH, Gérardy JJ, Bastero Acha I, Halder R, Cialini C, Heurtaux T, Ostahi I, Busi SB, Grandmougin L, Lowndes T, Singh Y, Martens EC, Mittelbronn M, Buttini M, Wilmes P. Fiber deprivation and microbiome-borne curli shift gut bacterial populations and accelerate disease in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113071. [PMID: 37676767 PMCID: PMC10548091 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, dopaminergic neuron loss, and alpha-synuclein (αSyn) inclusions. Many PD risk factors are known, but those affecting disease progression are not. Lifestyle and microbial dysbiosis are candidates in this context. Diet-driven gut dysbiosis and reduced barrier function may increase exposure of enteric neurons to toxins. Here, we study whether fiber deprivation and exposure to bacterial curli, a protein cross-seeding with αSyn, individually or together, exacerbate disease in the enteric and central nervous systems of a transgenic PD mouse model. We analyze the gut microbiome, motor behavior, and gastrointestinal and brain pathologies. We find that diet and bacterial curli alter the microbiome and exacerbate motor performance, as well as intestinal and brain pathologies, but to different extents. Our results shed important insights on how diet and microbiome-borne insults modulate PD progression via the gut-brain axis and have implications for lifestyle management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J Schmit
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Hospital University Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg.
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Alessia Sciortino
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Velma T E Aho
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Beatriz Pardo Rodriguez
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Mélanie H Thomas
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Jacques Gérardy
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Irati Bastero Acha
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Camille Cialini
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Irina Ostahi
- National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Susheel B Busi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Léa Grandmougin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tuesday Lowndes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Hospital University Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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30
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Palacios N, Wilkinson J, Bjornevik K, Schwarzschild MA, McIver L, Ascherio A, Huttenhower C. Metagenomics of the Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease: Prodromal Changes. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:486-501. [PMID: 37314861 PMCID: PMC10538421 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior studies on the gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease (PD) have yielded conflicting results, and few studies have focused on prodromal (premotor) PD or used shotgun metagenomic profiling to assess microbial functional potential. We conducted a nested case-control study within 2 large epidemiological cohorts to examine the role of the gut microbiome in PD. METHODS We profiled the fecal metagenomes of 420 participants in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study with recent onset PD (N = 75), with features of prodromal PD (N = 101), controls with constipation (N = 113), and healthy controls (N = 131) to identify microbial taxonomic and functional features associated with PD and features suggestive of prodromal PD. Omnibus and feature-wise analyses identified bacterial species and pathways associated with prodromal and recently onset PD. RESULTS We observed depletion of several strict anaerobes associated with reduced inflammation among participants with PD or features of prodromal PD. A microbiome-based classifier had moderate accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.76 for species and 0.74 for pathways) to discriminate between recently onset PD cases and controls. These taxonomic shifts corresponded with functional shifts indicative of carbohydrate source preference. Similar, but less marked, changes were observed in participants with features of prodromal PD, in both microbial features and functions. INTERPRETATION PD and features of prodromal PD were associated with similar changes in the gut microbiome. These findings suggest that changes in the microbiome could represent novel biomarkers for the earliest phases of PD. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:486-501.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Palacios
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, ENRM VA Hospital, Bedford, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center (HCMPH)
| | | | - Kjetil Bjornevik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center (HCMPH)
| | | | - Lauren McIver
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center (HCMPH)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center (HCMPH)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center (HCMPH)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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31
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Shemtov SJ, Emani R, Bielska O, Covarrubias AJ, Verdin E, Andersen JK, Winer DA. The intestinal immune system and gut barrier function in obesity and ageing. FEBS J 2023; 290:4163-4186. [PMID: 35727858 PMCID: PMC9768107 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and ageing predispose to numerous, yet overlapping chronic diseases. For example, metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Low-grade chronic inflammation of tissues, such as the liver, visceral adipose tissue and neurological tissues, is considered a significant contributor to these chronic diseases. Thus, it is becoming increasingly important to understand what drives this inflammation in affected tissues. Recent evidence, especially in the context of obesity, suggests that the intestine plays an important role as the gatekeeper of inflammatory stimuli that ultimately fuels low-grade chronic tissue inflammation. In addition to metabolic diseases, abnormalities in the intestinal mucosal barrier have been linked to a range of other chronic inflammatory conditions, such as neurodegeneration and ageing. The flow of inflammatory stimuli from the gut is in part controlled by local immunological inputs impacting the intestinal barrier. Here, we will review the impact of obesity and ageing on the intestinal immune system and its downstream consequences on gut barrier function, which is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and age-related diseases. In particular, we will discuss the effects of age-related intestinal dysfunction on neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Shemtov
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Rohini Emani
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Olga Bielska
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Anthony J. Covarrubias
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Julie K. Andersen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute (TGRI), University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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32
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Liu Z, Lemus J, Smirnova IV, Liu W. Rehabilitation for non-motor symptoms for patients with Parkinson's disease from an α-synuclein perspective: a narrative review. EXPLORATION OF NEUROPROTECTIVE THERAPY 2023; 3:235-257. [PMID: 37920444 PMCID: PMC10621781 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2023.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting aged population around the world. PD is characterized by neuronal Lewy bodies present in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and the loss of dopaminergic neurons with various motor and non-motor symptoms associated with the disease. The protein α-synuclein has been extensively studied for its contribution to PD pathology, as α-synuclein aggregates form the major component of Lewy bodies, a hallmark of PD. In this narrative review, the authors first focus on a brief explanation of α-synuclein aggregation and circumstances under which aggregation can occur, then present a hypothesis for PD pathogenesis in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and how PD can spread to the central nervous system from the PNS via the transport of α-synuclein aggregates. This article presents arguments both for and against this hypothesis. It also presents various non-pharmacological rehabilitation approaches and management techniques for both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD and the related pathology. This review seeks to examine a possible hypothesis of PD pathogenesis and points to a new research direction focus on rehabilitation therapy for patients with PD. As various non-motor symptoms of PD appear to occur earlier than motor symptoms, more focus on the treatment of non-motor symptoms as well as a better understanding of the biochemical mechanisms behind those non-motor symptoms may lead to better long-term outcomes for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jessica Lemus
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Irina V. Smirnova
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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33
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Schmitt V, Masanetz RK, Weidenfeller M, Ebbinghaus LS, Süß P, Rosshart SP, von Hörsten S, Zunke F, Winkler J, Xiang W. Gut-to-brain spreading of pathology in synucleinopathies: A focus on molecular signalling mediators. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114574. [PMID: 37423320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders, classically characterized by the accumulation of aggregated alpha synuclein (aSyn) in the central nervous system. Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are the two prominent members of this family. Current treatment options mainly focus on the motor symptoms of these diseases. However, non-motor symptoms, including gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, have recently gained particular attention, as they are frequently associated with synucleinopathies and often arise before motor symptoms. The gut-origin hypothesis has been proposed based on evidence of an ascending spreading pattern of aggregated aSyn from the gut to the brain, as well as the comorbidity of inflammatory bowel disease and synucleinopathies. Recent advances have shed light on the mechanisms underlying the progression of synucleinopathies along the gut-brain axis. Given the rapidly expanding pace of research in the field, this review presents a summary of the latest findings on the gut-to-brain spreading of pathology and potential pathology-reinforcing mediators in synucleinopathies. Here, we focus on 1) gut-to-brain communication pathways, including neuronal pathways and blood circulation, and 2) potential molecular signalling mediators, including bacterial amyloid proteins, microbiota dysbiosis-induced alterations in gut metabolites, as well as host-derived effectors, including gut-derived peptides and hormones. We highlight the clinical relevance and implications of these molecular mediators and their possible mechanisms in synucleinopathies. Moreover, we discuss their potential as diagnostic markers in distinguishing the subtypes of synucleinopathies and other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as for developing novel individualized therapeutic options for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Rebecca Katharina Masanetz
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Martin Weidenfeller
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Lara Savannah Ebbinghaus
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Patrick Süß
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Stephan P Rosshart
- Department of Microbiome Research, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Department for Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Preclinical Experimental Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
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Boles JS, Krueger ME, Jernigan JE, Cole CL, Neighbarger NK, Huarte OU, Tansey MG. A leaky gut dysregulates gene networks in the brain associated with immune activation, oxidative stress, and myelination in a mouse model of colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552488. [PMID: 37609290 PMCID: PMC10441416 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The gut and brain are increasingly linked in human disease, with neuropsychiatric conditions classically attributed to the brain showing an involvement of the intestine and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) displaying an ever-expanding list of neurological comorbidities. To identify molecular systems that underpin this gut-brain connection and thus discover therapeutic targets, experimental models of gut dysfunction must be evaluated for brain effects. In the present study, we examine disturbances along the gut-brain axis in a widely used murine model of colitis, the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model, using high-throughput transcriptomics and an unbiased network analysis strategy coupled with standard biochemical outcome measures to achieve a comprehensive approach to identify key disease processes in both colon and brain. We examine the reproducibility of colitis induction with this model and its resulting genetic programs during different phases of disease, finding that DSS-induced colitis is largely reproducible with a few site-specific molecular features. We focus on the circulating immune system as the intermediary between the gut and brain, which exhibits an activation of pro-inflammatory innate immunity during colitis. Our unbiased transcriptomics analysis provides supporting evidence for immune activation in the brain during colitis, suggests that myelination may be a process vulnerable to increased intestinal permeability, and identifies a possible role for oxidative stress and brain oxygenation. Overall, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of multiple systems in a prevalent experimental model of intestinal permeability, which will inform future studies using this model and others, assist in the identification of druggable targets in the gut-brain axis, and contribute to our understanding of the concomitance of intestinal and neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Sondag Boles
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maeve E. Krueger
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Janna E. Jernigan
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cassandra L. Cole
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Noelle K. Neighbarger
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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35
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Fialova L, Barilly P, Stetkarova I, Bartos A, Noskova L, Zimova D, Zido M, Hoffmanova I. Impaired intestinal permeability in patients with multiple sclerosis. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2023. [PMID: 37581230 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of recent studies have shown that the intestinal microbiome, part of the brain-gut axis, is implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. An essential part of this axis, is the intestinal barrier and gastrointestinal disorders with intestinal barrier dysregulation appear to be linked to CNS demyelination, and hence involved in the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the integrity of the intestinal barrier in patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) using two serum biomarkers, claudin-3 (CLDN3), a component of tight epithelial junctions, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), a cytosolic protein in enterocytes. METHODS Serum levels of CLDN3 in 37 MS patients and 22 controls, and serum levels of I-FABP in 46 MS patients and 51 controls were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Complete laboratory tests excluded the presence of gluten-related disorders in all subjects. Thirty MS patients received either disease-modifying drugs (DMD), immunosuppression (IS) or corticosteroid treatment. RESULTS CLDN3 levels were only significantly higher in the MS patients treated with DMD or IS compared to the control group (P=0.006). There were no differences in I-FABP serum levels between the groups. Serum CLDN3 levels did not correlate with serum I-FABP levels in CDMS, in CIS patients or controls. CONCLUSIONS In multiple sclerosis patients, the intestinal epithelium may be impaired with increased permeability, but without significant enterocyte damage characterized by intracellular protein leakage. Based on our data, CLDN3 serum levels appear to assess intestinal dysfunction in MS patients but mainly in treated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Fialova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Barilly
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stetkarova
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Bartos
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libuse Noskova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Zimova
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zido
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Hoffmanova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol in Prague, Czech Republic
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Peterson CT, Iablokov SN, Rodionov DA, Peterson SN. Personalized Response of Parkinson's Disease Gut Microbiota to Nootropic Medicinal Herbs In Vitro: A Proof of Concept. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1979. [PMID: 37630539 PMCID: PMC10457923 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Although the etiology of PD remains elusive, it has been hypothesized that initial dysregulation may occur in the gastrointestinal tract and may be accompanied by gut barrier defects. A strong clinical interest in developing therapeutics exists, including for the treatment of gut microbiota and physiology. We previously reported the impact of healthy fecal microbiota anaerobic cultures supplemented with nootropic herbs. Here, we evaluated the effect of nootropic Ayurvedic herbs on fecal microbiota derived from subjects with PD in vitro using 16S rRNA sequencing. The microbiota underwent substantial change in response to each treatment, comparable in magnitude to that observed from healthy subjects. However, the fecal samples derived from each participant displayed unique changes, consistent with a personalized response. We used genome-wide metabolic reconstruction to predict the community's metabolic potential to produce products relevant to PD pathology, including SCFAs, vitamins and amino acid degradation products. These results suggest the potential value of conducting in vitro cultivation and analyses of PD stool samples as a means of prescreening patients to select the medicinal herbs for which that individual is most likely to respond and derive benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tara Peterson
- Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92023, USA
| | | | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Scott N. Peterson
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
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Aktas B. Gut Microbial Alteration in MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease is Administration Regimen Dependent. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:2815-2829. [PMID: 36708421 PMCID: PMC9883829 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons involved in motor functions. Growing evidence indicates that gut microbiota communicates with the brain known as the gut-brain axis (GBA). Mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is commonly used in animal studies to investigate the GBA in PD. Various MPTP administration regimens are performed in PD mouse models involving one to multiple injections in 1 day or one injection per day for several days. The aim of this study is to investigate if the impact of MPTP on gut microbiota differs depending on the administration regimen. C57BL/6 mice were treated with acute or subchronic regimens of MPTP. Motor functions were assessed by open-field, catalepsy, and wire hanging tests. The cecum and the brain samples were obtained for microbiota and gene expression analyses, respectively. MPTP administration regimens differed in their ability to alter the gut microbiota. Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were both increased in subchronic mice while did not change and decreased, respectively, in acute mice. Verrucomicrobiota was elevated in acute MPTP mice but dropped in subchronic MPTP mice. Muribaculaceae was the predominant genus in all groups but acute mice. In acute mice, Akkermansia was increased and Colidextribacter was decreased; however, they showed an opposite trend in subchronic mice. These data suggest that MPTP mouse model cause a gut microbiota dysbiosis in an administration regimen dependent manner, and it is important to take consideration of mouse model to investigate the GBA in neurodegenerative diseases including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Aktas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur, 15030, Burdur, Turkey.
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Gorecki AM, Spencer H, Meloni BP, Anderton RS. The Poly-Arginine Peptide R18D Interferes with the Internalisation of α-Synuclein Pre-Formed Fibrils in STC-1 Enteroendocrine Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2089. [PMID: 37626586 PMCID: PMC10452853 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), gut inflammation is hypothesised to contribute to α-synuclein aggregation, but gastrointestinal α-synuclein expression is poorly characterised. Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) are an emerging therapeutic option that exerts various neuroprotective effects and may target the transmission of protein aggregates. This study aimed to investigate endogenous α-synuclein expression in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells and the potential of the CARP, R18D (18-mer of D-arginine), to prevent internalisation of pre-formed α-synuclein fibrils (PFFs) in enteroendocrine cells in vitro. Through confocal microscopy, the immunoreactivity of full-length α-synuclein and the serine-129 phosphorylated form (pS129) was investigated in STC-1 (mouse enteroendocrine) cells. Thereafter, STC-1 cells were exposed to PFFs tagged with Alexa-Fluor 488 (PFF-488) for 2 and 24 h and R18D-FITC for 10 min. After confirming the uptake of both PFFs and R18D-FITC through fluorescent microscopy, STC-1 cells were pre-treated with R18D (5 or 10 μM) for 10 min prior to 2 h of PFF-488 exposure. Immunoreactivity for endogenous α-synuclein and pS129 was evident in STC-1 cells, with prominent pS129 staining along cytoplasmic processes and in perinuclear areas. STC-1 cells internalised PFFs, confirmed through co-localisation of PFF-488 and human-specific α-synuclein immunoreactivity. R18D-FITC entered STC-1 cells within 10 min and pre-treatment of STC-1 cells with R18D interfered with PFF uptake. The endogenous presence of α-synuclein in enteroendocrine cells, coupled with their rapid uptake of PFFs, demonstrates a potential for pathogenic spread of α-synuclein aggregates in the gut. R18D is a novel therapeutic approach to reduce the intercellular transmission of α-synuclein pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastazja M. Gorecki
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia; (H.S.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Holly Spencer
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia; (H.S.)
| | - Bruno P. Meloni
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, First Floor, G-Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Ryan S. Anderton
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia; (H.S.)
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Zhao Y, Walker DI, Lill CM, Bloem BR, Darweesh SKL, Pinto-Pacheco B, McNeil B, Miller GW, Heath AK, Frissen M, Petrova D, Sánchez MJ, Chirlaque MD, Guevara M, Zibetti M, Panico S, Middleton L, Katzke V, Kaaks R, Riboli E, Masala G, Sieri S, Zamora-Ros R, Amiano P, Jenab M, Peters S, Vermeulen R. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and future Parkinson's disease risk: a European prospective cohort. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:170. [PMID: 37480114 PMCID: PMC10362572 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS-binding protein (LBP) is an acute-phase reactant that mediates immune responses triggered by LPS and has been used as a blood marker for LPS. LBP has recently been indicated to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in small-scale retrospective case-control studies. We aimed to investigate the association between LBP blood levels with PD risk in a nested case-control study within a large European prospective cohort. METHODS A total of 352 incident PD cases (55% males) were identified and one control per case was selected, matched by age at recruitment, sex and study center. LBP levels in plasma collected at recruitment, which was on average 7.8 years before diagnosis of the cases, were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for one unit increase of the natural log of LBP levels and PD incidence by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Plasma LBP levels were higher in prospective PD cases compared to controls (median (interquartile range) 26.9 (18.1-41.0) vs. 24.7 (16.6-38.4) µg/ml). The OR for PD incidence per one unit increase of log LBP was elevated (1.46, 95% CI 0.98-2.19). This association was more pronounced among women (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.40-5.13) and overweight/obese subjects (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.09-2.18). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that higher plasma LBP levels may be associated with an increased risk of PD and may thus pinpoint to a potential role of endotoxemia in the pathogenesis of PD, particularly in women and overweight/obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhao
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Nieuw Gildestein, Room 3.53, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Christina M Lill
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sirwan K L Darweesh
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brismar Pinto-Pacheco
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Brooklyn McNeil
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Myrthe Frissen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dafina Petrova
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maurizio Zibetti
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- SC Neurologia 2U, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lefkos Middleton
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Public Health Directorate, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, London, UK
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology C020, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology C020, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elio Riboli
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, San Sebastián, Spain
- Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism (NME) Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Susan Peters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Nieuw Gildestein, Room 3.53, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Nieuw Gildestein, Room 3.59, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Nieuw Gildestein, Room 3.53, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Singh Y, Trautwein C, Romani J, Salker MS, Neckel PH, Fraccaroli I, Abeditashi M, Woerner N, Admard J, Dhariwal A, Dueholm MKD, Schäfer KH, Lang F, Otzen DE, Lashuel HA, Riess O, Casadei N. Overexpression of human alpha-Synuclein leads to dysregulated microbiome/metabolites with ageing in a rat model of Parkinson disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:44. [PMID: 37403161 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Braak's hypothesis states that sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) follows a specific progression of pathology from the peripheral to the central nervous system, and this progression can be monitored by detecting the accumulation of alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) protein. Consequently, there is growing interest in understanding how the gut (commensal) microbiome can regulate α-Syn accumulation, as this could potentially lead to PD. METHODS We used 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing to characterise microbial diversity. 1H-NMR was employed to understand the metabolite production and intestinal inflammation estimated using ELISA and RNA-sequencing from feces and the intestinal epithelial layer respectively. The Na+ channel current and gut permeability were measured using an Ussing chamber. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence imaging were applied to detect the α-Syn protein. LC-MS/MS was used for characterization of proteins from metabolite treated neuronal cells. Finally, Metascape and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) bioinformatics tools were used for identification of dysregulated pathways. RESULTS We studied a transgenic (TG) rat model overexpressing the human SNCA gene and found that a progressive gut microbial composition alteration characterized by the reduction of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio could be detected in the young TG rats. Interestingly, this ratio then increased with ageing. The dynamics of Lactobacillus and Alistipes were monitored and reduced Lactobacillus and increased Alistipes abundance was discerned in ageing TG rats. Additionally, the SNCA gene overexpression resulted in gut α-Syn protein expression and increased with advanced age. Further, older TG animals had increased intestinal inflammation, decreased Na+ current and a robust alteration in metabolite production characterized by the increase of succinate levels in feces and serum. Manipulation of the gut bacteria by short-term antibiotic cocktail treatment revealed a complete loss of short-chain fatty acids and a reduction in succinate levels. Although antibiotic cocktail treatment did not change α-Syn expression in the enteric nervous system of the colon, however, reduced α-Syn expression was detected in the olfactory bulbs (forebrain) of the TG rats. CONCLUSION Our data emphasize that the gut microbiome dysbiosis synchronous with ageing leads to a specific alteration of gut metabolites and can be modulated by antibiotics which may affect PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstaße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- NGS Competence Centre Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Calwerstaße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Research Institute of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Calwerstaße 7/6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Centre (WSIC), Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joan Romani
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV LMNN Station 19, 1015 CH, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Calwerstaße 7/6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter H Neckel
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Österbergstraße 3, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Fraccaroli
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstaße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mahkameh Abeditashi
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstaße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nils Woerner
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstaße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstaße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Achal Dhariwal
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 10, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten K D Dueholm
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karl-Herbert Schäfer
- Enteric Nervous System Working Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken Campus, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstaße 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Naonscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV LMNN Station 19, 1015 CH, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstaße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- NGS Competence Centre Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Calwerstaße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstaße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- NGS Competence Centre Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Calwerstaße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Perez-Diaz-Del-Campo N, Castelnuovo G, Ribaldone DG, Caviglia GP. Fecal and Circulating Biomarkers for the Non-Invasive Assessment of Intestinal Permeability. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111976. [PMID: 37296827 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of intestinal permeability is gaining growing interest due to its relevance in the onset and progression of several gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases. Though the involvement of impaired intestinal permeability in the pathophysiology of such diseases is recognized, there is currently a need to identify non-invasive biomarkers or tools that are able to accurately detect alterations in intestinal barrier integrity. On the one hand, promising results have been reported for novel in vivo methods based on paracellular probes, i.e., methods that can directly assess paracellular permeability and, on the other hand, on fecal and circulating biomarkers able to indirectly assess epithelial barrier integrity and functionality. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the intestinal barrier and epithelial transport pathways and to provide an overview of the methods already available or currently under investigation for the measurement of intestinal permeability.
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Zhang W, Dong X, Huang R. Antiparkinsonian Effects of Polyphenols: A Narrative Review with a Focus on the Modulation of the Gut-brain Axis. Pharmacol Res 2023:106787. [PMID: 37224894 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, which are naturally occurring bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables, are emerging as potential therapeutics for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Polyphenols have diverse biological activities, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and α-synuclein aggregation inhibitory effects, which could ameliorate PD pathogenesis. Studies have shown that polyphenols are capable of regulating the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites; in turn, polyphenols are extensively metabolized by the GM, resulting in the generation of bioactive secondary metabolites. These metabolites may regulate various physiological processes, including inflammatory responses, energy metabolism, intercellular communication, and host immunity. With increasing recognition of the importance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in PD etiology, polyphenols have attracted growing attention as MGBA regulators. In order to address the potential therapeutic role of polyphenolic compounds in PD, we focused on MGBA. DATA AVAILABILITY: Data will be made available on request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning PR, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning PR, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning PR, China.
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Sawamura M, Ohira J, Hikawa R, Ishimoto T, Nakanishi E, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. Single-dose intranasal administration of α-syn PFFs induce lewy neurite-like pathology in olfactory bulbs. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 112:105440. [PMID: 37267818 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathological α-synuclein (α-Syn) propagation may cause Parkinson's disease progression. We aimed to verify whether single-dose intranasal administration of α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) induces α-Syn pathology in the olfactory bulb (OB). METHODS A single dose of α-Syn PFFs was administered to the left nasal cavity of wild-type mice. The untreated right side served as a control. The α-Syn pathology of the OBs was examined up to 12 months after the injection. RESULTS Lewy neurite-like aggregates were observed in the OB 6 and 12 months after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that pathological α-Syn can propagate from the olfactory mucosa to the OB and reveal the potential dangers of α-Syn PFFs inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junichiro Ohira
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rie Hikawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Etsuro Nakanishi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Aghamohammad S, Hafezi A, Rohani M. Probiotics as functional foods: How probiotics can alleviate the symptoms of neurological disabilities. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114816. [PMID: 37150033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are diseases of the central nervous system with progressive loss of nervous tissue. One of the most difficult problems associated with neurological disorders is that there is no clear treatment for these diseases. In this review, the physiopathology of some neurodegenerative diseases, etiological causes, drugs used and their side effects, and finally the role of probiotics in controlling the symptoms of these neurodegenerative diseases are presented. Recently, researchers have focused more on the microbiome and the gut-brain axis, which may play a critical role in maintaining brain health. Probiotics are among the most important bacteria that have positive effects on the balance of homeostasis via influencing the microbiome. Other important functions of probiotics in alleviating symptoms of neurological disorders include anti-inflammatory properties, short-chain fatty acid production, and the production of various neurotransmitters. The effects of probiotics on the control of abnormalities seen in neurological disorders led to probiotics being referred to as "psychobiotic. Given the important role of the gut-brain axis and the imbalance of the gut microbiome in the etiology and symptoms of neurological disorders, probiotics could be considered safe agents that positively affect the balance of the microbiome as complementary treatment options for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asal Hafezi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang Z, Yuan H, Zhu X, Wang J, Xiu W, Chen Y, Zhang G, Fu J, Peng K, Li A, Liu D, Huang X, He C, Lu F. Fecal calprotectin as an intestinal inflammation marker is elevated in glaucoma. Biomark Med 2023; 17:465-473. [PMID: 37656013 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between glaucoma and fecal calprotectin. Methods: A total of 144 glaucomatous patients and 66 healthy controls were enlisted for this study. The fecal calprotectin was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The median fecal calprotectin levels were significantly elevated in glaucoma (73.67 vs 41.97 μg/g; p < 0.001), primary angle-closure glaucoma (76.85 μg/g; p < 0.001) and primary open-angle glaucoma (69.29 μg/g; p = 0.016) groups compared with controls. A notable proportion of the glaucoma (24%; p < 0.001), primary angle-closure glaucoma (21%; p < 0.001) and primary open-angle glaucoma (24%; p < 0.001) subgroups exhibited highly abnormal fecal calprotectin levels (≥250 μg/g). Conclusion: Elevated fecal calprotectin might indicate potential intestinal inflammation in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Chengdu Women's & Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenbo Xiu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Peng
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - An Li
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijing Huang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong He
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Wasiak J, Gawlik-Kotelnicka O. Intestinal permeability and its significance in psychiatric disorders - a narrative review and future perspectives. Behav Brain Res 2023; 448:114459. [PMID: 37121278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The topic of increased intestinal permeability and its impact on the human body is. increasingly being addressed by researchers. It is associated with disruption of the. intestinal barrier, leading to the "leaky gut" syndrome. This can be assessed by. classical methods, determining the concentration of orally administered tracer. molecules in urine or by using biomarkers such as LPS, LBP or zonulin in blood. plasma. The presence of bacterial endotoxins in the body causes inflammation. In this. article, we review research on increased intestinal permeability in psychiatric illness. mood disorders, schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, anxiety disorders,. neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. The results of the studies used. to assess intestinal permeability in different disease entities are presented. Possible. mechanisms for these interactions are the effects of chronic, low-grade inflammation. on the human brain, causing interruption of the brain blood barrier and dysfunction of. astrocytes and microglia. This affects brain function by reducing the number of. dopaminergic neurons, disrupting tryptophan metabolism and altering the amount of. GABA and glutamate. The links and mechanisms found may, in the future, allow earlier. detection of diseases and their targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Wasiak
- Medical University of Lodz, Kosciuszki 4, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Oliwia Gawlik-Kotelnicka
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
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Peter I, Strober W. Immunological Features of LRRK2 Function and Its Role in the Gut-Brain Axis Governing Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:279-296. [PMID: 37066923 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates intestinal involvement in the onset and/or progression on the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons characterizing Parkinson's disease (PD). On the one hand, there are studies supporting the Braak hypothesis that holds that pathologic α-synuclein, a hallmark of PD, is secreted by enteric nerves into intestinal tissue and finds its way to the central nervous system (CNS) via retrograde movement in the vagus nerve. On the other hand, there is data showing that cells bearing leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a signaling molecule with genetic variants associated with both PD and with inflammatory bowel disease, can be activated in intestinal tissue and contribute locally to intestinal inflammation, or peripherally to PD pathogenesis via cell trafficking to the CNS. Importantly, these gut-centered factors affecting PD development are not necessarily independent of one another: they may interact and enhance their respective pathologic functions. In this review, we discuss this possibility by analysis of studies conducted in recent years focusing on the ability of LRRK2 to shape immunologic responses and the role of α-synuclein in influencing this ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Warren Strober
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Boncuk Ulaş S, Güzey Aras Y, Irmak Gözükara S, Acar T, Acar BA. Correlates of Zonulin and Claudin-5, markers of intestinal and brain endothelial permeability, in Parkinson's Disease: A pilot study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 110:105361. [PMID: 36963340 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disease that affects the substantia nigra pars compacta and dopaminergic neurons in the brain stem. Since zonulin and claudin-5 are involved in intestinal and brain endothelial permeability and it is hypothesized that the brain-gut axis is relevant in IPD, the aim of our study is to evaluate whether the relationship between Zonulin and Claudin-5 levels and Parkinson's Disease patients. METHODS A total of 139 patients, including 34 mild, 33 moderate, 39 severe stage patients and 33 healthy controls were included. The patients' demographic data, age of onset, disease duration, disease type and drugs were noted. UPDRS and H&Y scores were evaluated. Prodromal stage symptoms and non-motor symptoms were noted. Zonulin and Claudin-5 levels in the serum were studied. RESULTS The mean Zonulin value was significantly higher in the IPD group compared to the control one (16.0 ± 10.5 vs. 11.1 ± 4.3; p = 0.0012). Likewise, the mean Claudin-5 value in the IPD group was again significantly higher than in the control group (8.4 ± 5.5 vs. 6.2 ± 3.4; p = 0.0003). The combined ROC curve, though, showed only modest albeit significant discriminant ability. Moreover, neither zonulin nor claudin-5 related to age, phenotype or disease duration, and in terms of non-motor symptoms there was only a significant association between zonulin and urine problems and between claudin-5 and sleep symptoms. CONCLUSION Our results suggest an association of these markers of intestinal and brain endothelial permeability and IPD, although these remain modest and preliminary and warrant further consideration in larger studies including prodromal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeşim Güzey Aras
- Department of Neurology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Sezen Irmak Gözükara
- Department of Biochemistry, Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Türkan Acar
- Department of Neurology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.
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Ney LM, Wipplinger M, Grossmann M, Engert N, Wegner VD, Mosig AS. Short chain fatty acids: key regulators of the local and systemic immune response in inflammatory diseases and infections. Open Biol 2023; 13:230014. [PMID: 36977462 PMCID: PMC10049789 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome substantially affects human health and resistance to infections in its dynamic composition and varying release of microbial-derived metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by commensal bacteria through fermentation of indigestible fibres are considered key regulators in orchestrating the host immune response to microbial colonization by regulating phagocytosis, chemokine and central signalling pathways of cell growth and apoptosis, thereby shaping the composition and functionality of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Although research of the last decades provided valuable insight into the pleiotropic functions of SCFAs and their capability to maintain human health, mechanistic details on how SCFAs act across different cell types and other organs are not fully understood. In this review, we provide an overview of the various functions of SCFAs in regulating cellular metabolism, emphasizing the orchestration of the immune response along the gut-brain, the gut-lung and the gut-liver axes. We discuss their potential pharmacological use in inflammatory diseases and infections and highlight new options of relevant human three-dimensional organ models to investigate and validate their biological functions in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Ney
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Maximilian Wipplinger
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Martha Grossmann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Engert
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Valentin D Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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50
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Spalinger MR, Canale V, Becerra A, Shawki A, Crawford M, Santos AN, Chatterjee P, Li J, Nair MG, McCole DF. PTPN2 regulates bacterial clearance in a mouse model of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection. JCI Insight 2023; 8:156909. [PMID: 36810248 PMCID: PMC9977497 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages intimately interact with intestinal epithelial cells, but the consequences of defective macrophage-epithelial cell interactions for protection against enteric pathogens are poorly understood. Here, we show that in mice with a deletion in protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) in macrophages, infection with Citrobacter rodentium, a model of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection in humans, promoted a strong type 1/IL-22-driven immune response, culminating in accelerated disease but also faster clearance of the pathogen. In contrast, deletion of PTPN2 specifically in epithelial cells rendered the epithelium unable to upregulate antimicrobial peptides and consequently resulted in a failure to eliminate the infection. The ability of PTPN2-deficient macrophages to induce faster recovery from C. rodentium was dependent on macrophage-intrinsic IL-22 production, which was highly increased in macrophages deficient in PTPN2. Our findings demonstrate the importance of macrophage-mediated factors, and especially macrophage-derived IL-22, for the induction of protective immune responses in the intestinal epithelium, and show that normal PTPN2 expression in the epithelium is crucial to allow for protection against enterohemorrhagic E. coli and other intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.,Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Meli'sa Crawford
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alina N Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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