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Kornhuber J, Zoicas I. Valence-dependent effects of neuropeptide Y on the expression of conditioned fear and anxiety-like behavior: Involvement of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Neuropharmacology 2024; 246:109847. [PMID: 38218578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has anxiolytic-like effects and facilitates the extinction of cued and contextual fear in rodents. We have previously shown that intracerebroventricular administration of NPY reduces the expression of social fear via simultaneous activation of Y1 and Y2 receptors in a mouse model of social fear conditioning (SFC). In the present study, we investigated whether the anteroventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTav) mediates these effects of NPY, given the important role of BNSTav in regulating anxiety- and fear-related behaviors. We show that while NPY (0.1 nmol/0.2 μl/side) did not reduce the expression of SFC-induced social fear in male CD1 mice, it reduced the expression of both cued and contextual fear by acting on Y2 but not on Y1 receptors within the BNSTav. Prior administration of the Y2 receptor antagonist BIIE0246 (0.2 nmol/0.2 μl/side) but not of the Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 trifluoroacetate (0.2 nmol/0.2 μl/side) blocked the effects of NPY on the expression of cued and contextual fear. Similarly, NPY exerted non-social anxiolytic-like effects in the elevated plus maze test but not social anxiolytic-like effects in the social approach avoidance test by acting on Y2 receptors and not on Y1 receptors within the BNSTav. These results suggest that administration of NPY within the BNSTav exerts robust Y2 receptor-mediated fear-reducing and anxiolytic-like effects specifically in non-social contexts and add a novel piece of evidence regarding the neural underpinnings underlying the effects of NPY on conditioned fear and anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iulia Zoicas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Yang C, Gong Z, Zhang X, Miao S, Li B, Xie W, Wang T, Han X, Wang L, Dong Z, Yu S. Neuropeptide Y in the medial habenula alleviates migraine-like behaviors through the Y1 receptor. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:61. [PMID: 37231359 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a highly disabling health burden with multiple symptoms; however, it remains undertreated because of an inadequate understanding of its neural mechanisms. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been demonstrated to be involved in the modulation of pain and emotion, and may play a role in migraine pathophysiology. Changes in NPY levels have been found in patients with migraine, but whether and how these changes contribute to migraine is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of NPY in migraine-like phenotypes. METHODS Here, we used intraperitoneal injection of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, 10 mg/kg) as a migraine mouse model, which was verified by light-aversive test, von Frey test, and elevated plus maze test. We then performed whole-brain imaging with NPY-GFP mice to explore the critical regions where NPY was changed by GTN treatment. Next, we microinjected NPY into the medial habenula (MHb), and further infused Y1 or Y2 receptor agonists into the MHb, respectively, to detect the effects of NPY in GTN-induced migraine-like behaviors. RESULTS GTN effectively triggered allodynia, photophobia, and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. After that, we found a decreased level of GFP+ cells in the MHb of GTN-treated mice. Microinjection of NPY attenuated GTN-induced allodynia and anxiety without affecting photophobia. Furthermore, we found that activation of Y1-but not Y2-receptors attenuated GTN-induced allodynia and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data support that the NPY signaling in the MHb produces analgesic and anxiolytic effects through the Y1 receptor. These findings may provide new insights into novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zihua Gong
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistical Support Force (Bethune International Peace Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050082, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuai Miao
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bozhi Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xun Han
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Dong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Li H, Sung HH, Lau CG. Activation of Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons in the Lateral Septum Improves Stress-Induced Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102253. [PMID: 36297687 PMCID: PMC9607457 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating mood disorder with highly heterogeneous pathogenesis. The limbic system is well-linked to depression. As an important node in the limbic system, the lateral septum (LS) can modulate multiple affective and motivational behaviors. However, the role of LS in depression remains unclear. By using c-Fos expression mapping, we first screened and showed activation of the LS in various depression-related behavioral tests, including the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and sucrose preference test. In the LS, more than 10% of the activated neurons were somatostatin-expressing (SST) neurons. We next developed a microendoscopic calcium imaging method in freely moving mice and revealed that LSSST neural activity increased during mobility in the TST but not open field test. We hypothesize that LSSST neuronal activity is linked to stress and depression. In two mouse models of depression, repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and chronic restraint stress (CRS), we showed that LS neuronal activation was suppressed. To examine whether the re-activation of LSSST neurons can be therapeutically beneficial, we optogenetically activated LSSST neurons and produced antidepressant-like effects in LPS-injected mice by increasing TST motility. Moreover, chemogenetic activation of LSSST neurons increased FST struggling in the CRS-exposed mice. Together, these results provide the first evidence of a role for LSSST neurons in regulating depressive-like behaviors in mice and identify them as a potential therapeutic target for neuromodulation-based intervention in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Hyun Hailey Sung
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chunyue Geoffrey Lau
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3442-4345
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Azevedo EP, Ivan VJ, Friedman JM, Stern SA. Higher-Order Inputs Involved in Appetite Control. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:869-878. [PMID: 34593204 PMCID: PMC9704062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the neural control of appetite sheds light on the pathogenesis of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and obesity. Both diseases are a result of maladaptive eating behaviors (overeating or undereating) and are associated with life-threatening health problems. The fine regulation of appetite involves genetic, physiological, and environmental factors, which are detected and integrated in the brain by specific neuronal populations. For centuries, the hypothalamus has been the center of attention in the scientific community as a key regulator of appetite. The hypothalamus receives and sends axonal projections to several other brain regions that are important for the integration of sensory and emotional information. These connections ensure that appropriate behavioral decisions are made depending on the individual's emotional state and environment. Thus, the mechanisms by which higher-order brain regions integrate exteroceptive information to coordinate feeding is of great importance. In this review, we will focus on the functional and anatomical projections connecting the hypothalamus to the limbic system and higher-order brain centers in the cortex. We will also address the mechanisms by which specific neuronal populations located in higher-order centers regulate appetite and how maladaptive eating behaviors might arise from altered connections among cortical and subcortical areas with the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania P Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.
| | - Violet J Ivan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York
| | - Sarah A Stern
- Integrative Neural Circuits and Behavior Research Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida.
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Putting Together Pieces of the Lateral Septum: Multifaceted Functions and Its Neural Pathways. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0315-21.2021. [PMID: 34764187 PMCID: PMC8647703 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0315-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS) is implicated as a hub that regulates a variety of affects, such as reward, feeding, anxiety, fear, sociability, and memory. However, it remains unclear how the LS, previously treated as a structure of homogeneity, exhibits such multifaceted functions. Emerging evidence suggests that different functions of the LS are mediated largely by its diverse input and output connections. It has also become clear that the LS is a heterogeneous region, where its dorsal and ventral poles play dissociable and often opposing roles. This functional heterogeneity can often be explained by distinct dorsal and ventral hippocampal inputs along the LS dorsoventral axis, as well as antagonizing connections between LS subregions. Similarly, outputs from LS subregions to respective downstream targets, such as hypothalamic, preoptic, and tegmental areas, also account for this functional heterogeneity. In this review, we provide an updated perspective on LS subregion classification, connectivity, and functions. We also identify key questions that have yet to be addressed in the field.
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Neuropeptide Y Reduces Social Fear in Male Mice: Involvement of Y1 and Y2 Receptors in the Dorsolateral Septum and Central Amygdala. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810142. [PMID: 34576305 PMCID: PMC8472534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has anxiolytic-like effects and facilitates the extinction of cued and contextual fear in rodents. We previously showed that intracerebroventricular administration of NPY reduces the expression of social fear in a mouse model of social fear conditioning (SFC) and localized these effects to the dorsolateral septum (DLS) and central amygdala (CeA). In the present study, we aimed to identify the receptor subtypes that mediate these local effects of NPY. We show that NPY (0.1 nmol/0.2 µL/side) reduced the expression of SFC-induced social fear in a brain region- and receptor-specific manner in male mice. In the DLS, NPY reduced the expression of social fear by acting on Y2 receptors but not on Y1 receptors. As such, prior administration of the Y2 receptor antagonist BIIE0246 (0.2 nmol/0.2 μL/side) but not the Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 trifluoroacetate (0.2 nmol/0.2 μL/side) blocked the effects of NPY in the DLS. In the CeA, however, BIBO3304 trifluoroacetate but not BIIE0246 blocked the effects of NPY, suggesting that NPY reduced the expression of social fear by acting on Y1 receptors but not Y2 receptors within the CeA. This study suggests that at least two distinct receptor subtypes are differentially recruited in the DLS and CeA to mediate the effects of NPY on the expression of social fear.
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Kornhuber J, Zoicas I. Brain Region-Dependent Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Conditioned Social Fear and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073695. [PMID: 33918123 PMCID: PMC8037261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has anxiolytic-like effects and facilitates the extinction of cued and contextual fear in rodents. We have previously shown that the intracerebroventricular administration of NPY reduces the expression of social fear in a mouse model of social fear conditioning (SFC). In the present study, we aimed to identify the brain regions that mediate these effects of NPY. We show that NPY (0.1 nmol/0.2 µL/side) reduces the expression of SFC-induced social fear in a brain-region-dependent manner. In more detail, NPY reduced the expression of social fear when administered into the dorsolateral septum (DLS) and central amygdala (CeA), but not when administered into the dorsal hippocampus (DH), medial amygdala (MeA) and basolateral amygdala (BLA). We also investigated whether the reduced expression of social fear might partly be due to a reduced anxiety-like behavior, and showed that NPY exerted anxiolytic-like effects when administered into the DH, DLS, CeA and BLA, but not when administered into the MeA. This study identifies the DLS and the CeA as brain regions mediating the effects of NPY on the expression of social fear and suggests that partly distinct neural circuitries mediate the effects of NPY on the expression of social fear and on anxiety-like behavior.
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Kornhuber J, Zoicas I. Neuropeptide Y prolongs non-social memory in a brain region- and receptor-specific way in male mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 175:108199. [PMID: 32535011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its receptors are highly expressed in brain regions involved in learning and memory processes. We have previously shown that intracerebroventricular administration of NPY prolongs the retention of non-social memory in the object discrimination test. Here, we aimed to identify the brain regions which mediate these memory-enhancing effects of NPY. We show that NPY (0.1 nmol/0.2 μl/side) prolongs retention of non-social memory when administered into the dorsolateral septum (DLS) and medial amygdala (MeA), but not when administered into the dorsal hippocampus, central amygdala and basolateral amygdala. In the DLS, the effects of NPY were blocked by the Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 trifluoroacetate (0.2 nmol/0.2 μl/side), but not by the Y2 receptor antagonist BIIE0246 (0.2 nmol/0.2 μl/side). In the MeA, on the other hand, BIIE0246, but not BIBO3304 trifluoroacetate blocked the effects of NPY. This study demonstrates that NPY exerts Y1 receptor-mediated memory-enhancing effects in the DLS and Y2 receptor-mediated memory-enhancing effects in the MeA, and suggests that distinct brain regions and receptor subtypes are recruited to mediate the effects of NPY on non-social memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Iulia Zoicas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Parolini M, Ghilardi A, De Felice B, Del Giacco L. Environmental concentration of fluoxetine disturbs larvae behavior and increases the defense response at molecular level in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34943-34952. [PMID: 31659707 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX) is one of the main antidepressants used worldwide. After human use, FLX enters the aquatic ecosystems, where it has commonly detected in the high ng/L concentration range. Several investigations have shown that exposure to different concentrations of FLX caused different adverse effects towards a number of aquatic species. However, the information on the onset and the relationship between molecular and behavioral FLX-induced effects remains scant. The aim of this study was to assess the effects induced by two FLX concentrations, namely 50 ng/L and 500 ng/L, on swimming activity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae at 96-h post-fertilization (hpf) and to investigate if such behavioral effects were related to modulation of the expression of oxidative stress-related (sod1, sod2, cat, gpxa, and gst), stress- and anxiety-related (oxtl, prl2, npy, and ucn3l) genes, and genes encoding for the transporters of the main neurotransmitters (slc6a3, slc6a4a, slc6a4b, slc6a11). Fluoxetine exposure altered the swimming behavior of larvae, as shown by the reduction of the distance traveled by treated larvae in response to an external stimulus. Such behavioral change was related, at molecular level, to an enhanced expression of sod1, cat, and gpxa, suggesting an overproduction of pro-oxidant molecules. In addition, FLX modulated the expression of oxtl, slc6a4a, slc6a4b, and slc6a11, suggesting its capability to affect anxiety- and neurotransmitter-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Ghilardi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice De Felice
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Del Giacco
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Prenatal Androgenization Induces Anxiety-Like Behavior in Female Rats, Associated with Reduction of Inhibitory Interneurons and Increased BDNF in Hippocampus and Cortex. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3426092. [PMID: 31281833 PMCID: PMC6590533 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3426092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the most frequent psychiatric disorders. Despite the fact that most studies describe an anxiolytic effect of testosterone, hyperandrogenemia in mothers is assumed to be related to an increased risk of mood disorders in their offspring. An increasing body of scientific evidence suggests that an altered expression of interneuronal markers of the hippocampus may be the cause of anxiety. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of maternal hyperandrogenemia on behavioral parameters of anxiety-like behavior, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and parvalbumin (PV) expression in the hippocampus, and the level of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Pregnant female Wistar albino rats were treated with testosterone undecanoate on the 20th day of gestation. Anxiety-like behavior in adult female offspring was evaluated by the elevated plus maze test and the open field. The number of PV and NPY immunoreactive cells in the hippocampus was determined immunohistochemically. The level of BDNF expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was analyzed with the Western blot test. Prenatal hyperandrogenization increased anxiety-like behavior in female offspring and decreased expression of NPY+ and PV+ in the CA1 region of the hippocampus as compared to the control group. BDNF expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of prenatally androgenized female offspring was significantly increased in comparison with the controls. Prenatal hyperandrogenization may be the cause of anxiety-like behavior in female offspring. Decrease in NPY and PV expression in the hippocampus may explain the possible mechanism of hyperandrogenization induced anxiety.
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Fokidis HB, Ma C, Radin B, Prior NH, Adomat HH, Guns ES, Soma KK. Neuropeptide Y and orexin immunoreactivity in the sparrow brain coincide with seasonal changes in energy balance and steroids. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:347-361. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunqi Ma
- Department of Psychology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Benjamin Radin
- Department of Biology; Rollins College; Winter Park Florida
| | - Nora H. Prior
- Department of Psychology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Neuroscience; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland
| | - Hans H. Adomat
- The Prostate Centre; Vancouver General Hospital; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Emma S. Guns
- The Prostate Centre; Vancouver General Hospital; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Urological Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Kiran K. Soma
- Department of Psychology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Vázquez-León P, Mendoza-Ruiz LG, Juan ERS, Chamorro-Cevallos GA, Miranda-Páez A. Analgesic and anxiolytic effects of [Leu 31,Pro 34]-neuropeptide Y microinjected into the periaqueductal gray in rats. Neuropeptides 2017; 66:81-89. [PMID: 29042065 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several reports have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in food intake, epilepsy, circadian rhythms, drug seeking, pain and anxiety, and other physiological or pathological conditions. On the other hand, periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a key brain center for modulating pain, anxiety and fear. It is the main structure implicated in integrated defensive behaviors. One such behavior, tonic immobility (TI), resembles fear and is able to induce analgesia. After microinjection of [Leu31,Pro34]-Neuropeptide Y ([Leu31,Pro34]-NPY) into the PAG dorsal (D) or ventrolateral (VL) of adult male Wistar rats, the following parameters were assessed: i) the analgesic effect by means of the tail-flick test (TF), ii) the duration of TI as a passive defensive behavioral response and as an anxiety/fear model (considering both TF and TI as single behaviors), iii) TI-induced analgesia by the combination of TF/TI, and iv) the anxious-like state through the elevated plus maze (EPM), and defensive burying behavior (DBB). The results show that the microinjection of [Leu31,Pro34]-NPY into the PAG produced an analgesic effect (increasing the TF latency); overall decreased the TI duration, which might represent an important anti-fear effect. Moreover, [Leu31,Pro34]-NPY microinjected into the PAG allows for a TI-induced analgesic effect, as well as, a substantial anxiolytic effect (evidenced by the EPM and DBB models). Hence, [Leu31,Pro34]-NPY microinjected into the PAG, especially at 0.47nmol/0.5μL produces both analgesic and anxiolytic effects, in a higher magnitude within ventrolateral area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Vázquez-León
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, CP: 07738 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis G Mendoza-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, CP: 07738 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Ramírez-San Juan
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, CP: 07738 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - German Alberto Chamorro-Cevallos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, CP: 07738 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abraham Miranda-Páez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, CP: 07738 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Schmeltzer SN, Herman JP, Sah R. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A translational update. Exp Neurol 2016; 284:196-210. [PMID: 27377319 PMCID: PMC8375392 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-evoked syndrome, with variable prevalence within the human population due to individual differences in coping and resiliency. In this review, we discuss evidence supporting the relevance of neuropeptide Y (NPY), a stress regulatory transmitter in PTSD. We consolidate findings from preclinical, clinical, and translational studies of NPY that are of relevance to PTSD with an attempt to provide a current update of this area of research. NPY is abundantly expressed in forebrain limbic and brainstem areas that regulate stress and emotional behaviors. Studies in rodents demonstrate a role for NPY in stress responses, anxiety, fear, and autonomic regulation, all relevant to PTSD symptomology. Genetic studies support an association of NPY polymorphisms with stress coping and affect. Importantly, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measurements in combat veterans provide direct evidence of NPY association with PTSD diagnosis and symptomology. In addition, NPY involvement in pain, depression, addiction, and metabolism may be relevant to comorbidities associated with PTSD. Collectively, the literature supports the relevance of NPY to PTSD pathophysiology, although knowledge gaps remain. The NPY system is an attractive target in terms of understanding the physiological basis of PTSD as well as treatment of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Schmeltzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States
| | - Renu Sah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States; VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, United States.
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Enman NM, Sabban EL, McGonigle P, Van Bockstaele EJ. Targeting the Neuropeptide Y System in Stress-related Psychiatric Disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2015; 1:33-43. [PMID: 25506604 PMCID: PMC4260418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated, extreme, or traumatic stressors can elicit pathological effects leading to many negative physical and psychological outcomes. Stressors can precipitate the onset of psychiatric diseases, or exacerbate pre-existing disorders including various anxiety and mood disorders. As stressors can negatively impact human psychiatric health, it is essential to identify neurochemicals that may confer protection from the negative sequelae of repeated or extreme stress exposure. Elucidating the neurobiological underpinnings of stress resilience will enhance our ability to promote resilience to, or recovery from, stress-related psychiatric disease. Herein, we will review the evidence for neuropeptide Y as an endogenous mediator of resilience and its potential relevance for the treatment of stress-related psychiatric diseases. Overview of neuropeptide Y and receptor subtypes in the central nervous system. Alterations of neuropeptide Y in human stress-related psychiatric disorders. Evidence for neuropeptide Y in resilience to stress-related emotionality in rodent behavioral models. Pharmacotherapeutic implications for neuropeptide Y in the treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Enman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Paul McGonigle
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
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15
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The effect of quetiapine (Seroquel™) on conditioned place preference and elevated plus maze tests in rats when administered alone and in combination with (+)-amphetamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:4349-59. [PMID: 24800893 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recent case reports describe recreational use of quetiapine and drug-seeking behaviour to obtain quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic. OBJECTIVE We examined the hypothesis that quetiapine (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) alone or co-administered with (+)-amphetamine (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 or 2.0 mg/kg) will affect reward and/or decrease anxiety in rats, as measured by conditioned place preference (CPP) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test, respectively. RESULTS Quetiapine (20 mg/kg) produced greater open arm time and entries in the EPM test compared to 10 and 40 mg/kg, and quetiapine (10 mg/kg) significantly increased open arm entries and time when co-administered with (+)-amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) compared to (+)-amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) alone, suggesting decreased anxiety. Quetiapine (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) produced no CPP when administered alone; the lowest dose of quetiapine (10 mg/kg) reduced CPP produced by a low dose of (+)-amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg), but had no significant effect on CPP produced by a higher dose (0.5 mg/kg). DISCUSSION The quetiapine-induced anxiolytic effect in the EPM might explain why humans are misusing quetiapine and combining it with (+)-amphetamine. It is possible that humans experience an anxiolytic effect of the combined drugs and relatively unaltered rewarding effects of (+)-amphetamine. The results shed some light on the question of why humans are abusing and misusing quetiapine, despite its dopamine (DA) D2 receptor antagonism; it will be the task of future studies to identify the pharmacological mechanism mediating this behaviour.
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16
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Disentangling the molecular genetic basis of personality: From monoamines to neuropeptides. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 43:228-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Enriched early life experiences reduce adult anxiety-like behavior in rats: a role for insulin-like growth factor 1. J Neurosci 2013; 33:11715-23. [PMID: 23843538 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3541-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life experiences can affect brain development, contributing to shape interindividual differences in stress vulnerability and anxiety-like behavior. In rodents, high levels of maternal care have long-lasting positive effects on the behavior of the offspring and stress response; post-weaning rearing in an enriched environment (EE) or massage counteract the negative effects of maternal separation or prenatal stressors. We recently found that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a key mediator of early EE or massage on brain development. Whether early enrichment of experience can induce long-lasting effects on anxiety-like behavior and whether IGF-1 is involved in these effects is not known. We assessed anxiety-like behavior by means of the elevated plus maze in control adult rats and in adult rats subjected to early EE or to massage. We found that both EE and massage reduced adult anxiety-like behavior. Early IGF-1 systemic injections in rat pups reared in standard condition mimic the effects of EE and massage, reducing anxiety-like behavior in the adult; blocking early IGF-1 action in massaged and EE animals prevents massage and EE effects. In EE and IGF-1-treated animals, we assessed the hippocampal expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) at postnatal day 12 (P12) and P60, finding a significantly higher GR expression at P60 for both treatments. These results suggest that IGF-1 could be involved in mediating the long-lasting effects of early life experiences on vulnerability/resilience to stress in adults.
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Wong RY, Oxendine SE, Godwin J. Behavioral and neurogenomic transcriptome changes in wild-derived zebrafish with fluoxetine treatment. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:348. [PMID: 23706039 PMCID: PMC3667115 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress and anxiety-related behaviors are seen in many organisms. Studies have shown that in humans and other animals, treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g. fluoxetine) can reduce anxiety and anxiety-related behaviors. The efficacies and side effects, however, can vary between individuals. Fluoxetine can modulate anxiety in a stereospecific manner or with equal efficacy regardless of stereoisomer depending on the mechanism of action (e.g. serotonergic or GABAergic effects). Zebrafish are an emerging and valuable translational model for understanding human health related issues such as anxiety. In this study we present data showing the behavioral and whole brain transcriptome changes with fluoxetine treatment in wild-derived zebrafish and suggest additional molecular mechanisms of this widely-prescribed drug. Results We used automated behavioral analyses to assess the effects of racemic and stereoisomeric fluoxetine on male wild-derived zebrafish. Both racemic and the individual isomers of fluoxetine reduced anxiety-related behaviors relative to controls and we did not observe stereospecific fluoxetine effects. Using RNA-sequencing of the whole brain, we identified 411 genes showing differential expression with racemic fluoxetine treatment. Several neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y, isotocin, urocortin 3, prolactin) showed consistent expression patterns with the alleviation of stress and anxiety when anxiety-related behavior was reduced with fluoxetine treatment. With gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses, we identified lipid and amino acid metabolic processes, and steroid biosynthesis among other terms to be over-enriched. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that fluoxetine reduces anxiety-related behaviors in wild-derived zebrafish and alters their neurogenomic state. We identify two biological processes, lipid and amino acid metabolic synthesis that characterize differences in the fluoxetine treated fish. Fluoxetine may be acting on several different molecular pathways to reduce anxiety-related behaviors in wild-derived zebrafish. This study provides data that could help identify common molecular mechanisms of fluoxetine action across animal taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Y Wong
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA.
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19
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Lach G, de Lima TCM. Role of NPY Y1 receptor on acquisition, consolidation and extinction on contextual fear conditioning: dissociation between anxiety, locomotion and non-emotional memory behavior. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 103:26-33. [PMID: 23603424 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most abundant peptide in the central nervous system (CNS) and is densely localized in the brain regions involved in stress, memory, fear and anxiety. Although previous research supports a role for NPY in the mediation of rodent and human emotional behavior, there is currently a lack of information on the effects of low doses of NPY that could have a potential therapeutic advantage, minimizing side-effects such as cognition impairment or sedation. Herein, we assessed the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of low doses of NPY, and of the Y1-agonist Leu31Pro34-NPY (LP-NPY) on contextual fear conditioning (CFC), as they have no effect on unconditioned anxiety-like, locomotor activity and non-emotional memory. NPY (3 pmol) and LP-NPY (1 pmol) inhibited freezing behavior when administered in the acquisition or consolidation stages, indicating a reduction of fear. When injected in the extinction phase, only NPY inhibited freezing behavior on CFC. Pre-treatment with the Y1-antagonist BIBO3304 before NPY and LP-NPY was able to prevent the inhibition of fear responses induced by both NPY agonists. Taken together, our results demonstrate robust fear-inhibiting effects of i.c.v. injection of NPY on contextual fear conditioning in rats, a response that is mediated, at least in part, by the Y1 receptor. Moreover, these treatments were unable to change locomotor activity or to show an anxiolytic-like effect, as evaluated in an open-field and an elevated plus-maze. This specific fear reduction effect may underlie resilience systems in the CNS and has potential therapeutic relevance in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilliard Lach
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88049-970, Brazil
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20
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Trent NL, Menard JL. Lateral septal infusions of the neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor agonist, NPY(13-36) differentially affect different defensive behaviors in male, Long Evans rats. Physiol Behav 2012; 110-111:20-9. [PMID: 23274501 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The lateral septum has been extensively implicated in regulating anxiety-related defensive behaviors in the rat. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) contributes to anxiety, likely through activity at the NPY Y1 and/or Y2 receptor binding sites. Although the lateral septum contains the highest density of Y2 receptors in brain, the involvement of this receptor in anxiety-related defensive behaviors is not clear. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to characterize lateral septal Y2 receptor contributions to rats' defensive responses to threat and/or potentially threatening environments. We investigated this by infusing the NPY Y2 agonist NPY13-36 into the lateral septum and testing rats across a battery of animal models of anxiety (Experiment 1). To verify the role of Y2 in mediating the observed effects, rats were pre-infused with the potent and highly selective Y2 antagonist BIIE 0246 prior to infusion with NPY13-36 (Experiment 2). Infusions of NPY13-36 into the lateral septum increased rats' open-arm exploration in the elevated plus-maze test (p<0.01) and decreased the proportion of rats' that buried (p<0.05) as well as their latency to initiate burying in the shock-probe burying test (p<0.01). By contrast, NPY13-36 did not affect either anxiety- or appetite-related responses in the novelty-induced suppression of feeding test (all ps>0.3; Experiment 1). Pre-treatment with the Y2 antagonist BIIE 0246 prevented the anxiolytic-like actions of NPY13-36 in the plus-maze but not in the shock-probe test (Experiment 2). Thus, it appears that the anxiolytic-like actions of lateral septal NPY13-36 are mediated by the Y2 receptor in a test-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Trent
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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21
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Yeung M, Dickson CT, Treit D. Intrahippocampal infusion of the Ih blocker ZD7288 slows evoked theta rhythm and produces anxiolytic-like effects in the elevated plus maze. Hippocampus 2012; 23:278-86. [PMID: 23280856 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal theta rhythm has been associated with a number of behavioral processes, including learning and memory, spatial behavior, sensorimotor integration and affective responses. Suppression of hippocampal theta frequency has been shown to be a reliable neurophysiological signature of anxiolytic drug action in tests using known anxiolytic drugs (i.e., correlational evidence), but only one study to date (Yeung et al. (2012) Neuropharmacology 62:155-160) has shown that a drug with no known effect on either hippocampal theta or anxiety can in fact separately suppress hippocampal theta and anxiety in behavioral tests (i.e., prima facie evidence). Here, we attempt a further critical test of the hippocampal theta model by performing intrahippocampal administrations of the Ih blocker ZD7288, which is known to disrupt theta frequency subthreshold oscillations and resonance at the membrane level but is not known to have anxiolytic action. Intrahippocampal microinfusions of ZD7288 at high (15 µg), but not low (1 µg) doses slowed brainstem-evoked hippocampal theta responses in the urethane anesthetized rat, and more importantly, promoted anxiolytic action in freely behaving rats in the elevated plus maze. Taken together with our previous demonstration, these data provide converging, prima facie evidence of the validity of the theta suppression model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yeung
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, P-217 Biological, Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
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Talishinsky A, Rosen GD. Systems genetics of the lateral septal nucleus in mouse: heritability, genetic control, and covariation with behavioral and morphological traits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44236. [PMID: 22952935 PMCID: PMC3432065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral septum has strong efferent projections to hypothalamic and midbrain regions, and has been associated with modulation of social behavior, anxiety, fear conditioning, memory-related behaviors, and the mesolimbic reward pathways. Understanding natural variation of lateral septal anatomy and function, as well as its genetic modulation, may provide important insights into individual differences in these evolutionarily important functions. Here we address these issues by using efficient and unbiased stereological probes to estimate the volume of the lateral septum in the BXD line of recombinant inbred mice. Lateral septum volume is a highly variable trait, with a 2.5-fold difference among animals. We find that this trait covaries with a number of behavioral and physiological phenotypes, many of which have already been associated with behaviors modulated by the lateral septum, such as spatial learning, anxiety, and reward-seeking. Heritability of lateral septal volume is moderate (h(2) = 0.52), and much of the heritable variation is caused by a locus on the distal portion of chromosome (Chr) 1. Composite interval analysis identified a secondary interval on Chr 2 that works additively with the Chr 1 locus to increase lateral septum volume. Using bioinformatic resources, we identified plausible candidate genes in both intervals that may influence the volume of this key nucleus, as well as associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Talishinsky
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Zhaohui Z, Jingzhu Z, Guipeng D, Xuesong W, Yuanming Z, Yinping W, Yugui C. Role of neuropeptide Y in regulating hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis in the rats treated with electro-acupuncture. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:133-9. [PMID: 22513398 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an important regulator of reproductive axis, which mainly plays some roles in regulating secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in hypothalamus. In previous studies, we found that the repeated low frequency electro-acupuncture (EA) down-regulated hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis of common rats and rabbits during puberty. In this study, we investigated the role of NPY in regulating the reproductive axis of common rats at different developmental stages and rats treated with the repeated EA. Low frequency EA (3 Hz) was performed at acupoints (treatment groups) or non-acupoints (control groups) for 20 min daily for 10 days in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at four developmental stages, which were juvenile stage, early puberty stage, later puberty stage and adult stage. NPY expression in the hypothalamus were determined using RT-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) after 10 days-treatments. The results showed that NPY expression in the early pubertal group (EPG) was significantly depressed after repeated EA (P<0.05). Compared with the results of GnRH expression and body weights, the change of NPY expression was similar with the fluctuation of GnRH expression after EA and the increase of body weights of rats was not influenced by the depression of NPY expression after EA during early puberty. The results demonstrated that repeated low frequency EA was an effective method on down-regulating not only the GnRH expression but also the NPY expression in the hypothalamus without reducing body weights of rats during early puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhaohui
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Panossian A, Wikman G, Kaur P, Asea A. Adaptogens stimulate neuropeptide y and hsp72 expression and release in neuroglia cells. Front Neurosci 2012; 6:6. [PMID: 22347152 PMCID: PMC3269752 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial stress–protective effect of adaptogens is related to the regulation of homeostasis via mechanisms of action associated with the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the regulation of key mediators of the stress response, such as molecular chaperones, stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, forkhead box O transcription factor, cortisol, and nitric oxide (NO). However, it still remains unclear what the primary upstream targets are in response to stimulation by adaptogens. The present study addresses this gap in our knowledge and suggests that an important target for adaptogen mediated stress–protective effector functions is the stress hormone neuropeptide Y (NPY). We demonstrated that ADAPT-232, a fixed combination of adaptogens Eleutherococcus senticosus root extract, Schisandra chinensis berry extract, Rhodiola rosea root extract SHR-5, and its active constituent salidroside, stimulated the expression of NPY and 72 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp72) in isolated human neuroglia cells. The central role of NPY was validated in experiments in which pre-treatment of human neuroglia cells with NPY-siRNA and HSF1-siRNA resulted in the significant suppression of ADAPT-232-induced NPY and Hsp72 release. Taken together our studies suggest that the stimulation and release of the stress hormones, NPY and Hsp72, into systemic circulation is an innate defense response against mild stressors (ADAPT-232), which increase tolerance and adaptation to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Panossian
- Department of Research and Development, Swedish Herbal Institute Research and Development Åskloster, Sweden
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