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Khan A, Kashtoh H, Rauf A, Halim SA, Aleem AA, Bahadar H, Shareef H, Mabood F, Khalid A, Baek KH, Al-Harrasi A. Muscle relaxant and antipyretic effects of pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from the roots of Diospyros lotus L. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30547. [PMID: 38726163 PMCID: PMC11079251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present article describes the muscle relaxant and antipyretic effects of pentacyclic triterpenes, oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA) and betulinic acid (BA) isolated from roots of Diospyros lotus in animal models. The muscle relaxant effects of isolated pentacyclic triterpenes were determined by chimney and inclined plane tests. In the chimney test, pretreatment of pentacyclic triterpenes evoked significant dose dependent influence on muscle coordination. When administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to mice at 10 mg/kg for 90 min, OA, UA, and BA exhibited muscle relaxant effects of 66.72 %, 60.21 %, and 50.77 %, respectively. Similarly, OA, UA, and BA (at 10 mg/kg) illustrated 65.74 %, 59.84 % and 51.40 % muscle relaxant effects in the inclined plane test. In the antipyretic test, significant amelioration was caused by pretreatment of all compounds in dose dependent manner. OA, UA, and BA (at 5 mg/kg) showed 39.32 %, 34.32 % and 29.99 % anti-hyperthermic effects, respectively 4 h post-treatment, while at 10 mg/kg, OA, UA, and BA exhibited 71.59 %, 60.99 % and 52.44 % impact, respectively. The muscle relaxant effect of benzodiazepines is well known for enhancement of GABA receptors. There may exist a similar mechanism for muscle relaxant effect of pentacyclic triterpenes. The in-silico predicted binding pattern of all the compounds reflects good affinity of compounds with GABAA receptor and COX-2. These results indicate that the muscle relaxant and antipyretic activities of these molecules can be further improved by structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hamdy Kashtoh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar-23561, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Awan A. Aleem
- Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian, Pakistan
| | - Haji Bahadar
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Huma Shareef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Mabood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Pakistan
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
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Guo J, Li Z, Yao Y, Fang L, Yu M, Wang Z. Curcumin in the treatment of inflammation and oxidative stress responses in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1380353. [PMID: 38798711 PMCID: PMC11116723 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1380353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of high morbidity and mortality, represents a significant global public health challenge. Currently, no effective treatment for TBI exists. Curcumin, an active compound extracted from the root of Curcuma longa, has demonstrated neuroprotective properties both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, it has shown potential in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and enhancing redox balance. This paper conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore curcumin's role in TBI animal models extensively. The findings offer valuable insights for future human clinical trials evaluating curcumin as a therapeutic supplement or nutraceutical in TBI management. Methods Comprehensive literature searches were conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. These searches aimed to identify relevant manuscripts in all languages, utilizing the keywords "curcumin" and "traumatic brain injury." Results The final quantitative analysis included 18 eligible articles corresponding to animal studies. The analysis revealed that curcumin significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β (p = 0.000), IL-6 (p = 0.002), and TNF-α (p = 0.000), across various concentrations, time points, and administration routes. Additionally, curcumin markedly enhanced the activity of oxidative stress markers such as SOD (p = 0.000), Sir2 (p = 0.000), GPx (p = 0.000), and Nrf2 (p = 0.000), while reducing MDA (p = 0.000), 4-HNE (p = 0.001), and oxyprotein levels (p = 0.024). Furthermore, curcumin improved cerebral edema (p = 0.000) and upregulated neuroprotective factors like synapsin I (p = 0.019), BDNF (p = 0.000), and CREB (p = 0.000), without reducing mNSS (p = 0.144). About autophagy and apoptosis, curcumin increased the activity of Beclin-1 (p = 0.000) and Bcl-2 (p = 0.000), while decreasing caspase-3 (p = 0.000), the apoptosis index (p = 0.000), and P62 (p = 0.002). Conclusion Curcumin supplementation positively affects traumatic brain injury (TBI) by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and promoting neuroprotection. It holds potential as a therapeutic agent for human TBI. However, this conclusion necessitates further substantiation through high-quality literature and additional randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/. The registration number of PROSPERO: CRD42023452685.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Guo
- The Nursing Department of Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengjie Li
- The Nursing Department of Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Yao
- The Nursing Department of Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Fang
- The Nursing Department of Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Mingdi Yu
- The Nursing Department of Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zuhui Wang
- The Outpatient and Emergency Department of Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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Garodia P, Hegde M, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin, inflammation, and neurological disorders: How are they linked? Integr Med Res 2023; 12:100968. [PMID: 37664456 PMCID: PMC10469086 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2023.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the extensive research in recent years, the current treatment modalities for neurological disorders are suboptimal. Curcumin, a polyphenol found in Curcuma genus, has been shown to mitigate the pathophysiology and clinical sequalae involved in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Methods We searched PubMed database for relevant publications on curcumin and its uses in treating neurological diseases. We also reviewed relevant clinical trials which appeared on searching PubMed database using 'Curcumin and clinical trials'. Results This review details the pleiotropic immunomodulatory functions and neuroprotective properties of curcumin, its derivatives and formulations in various preclinical and clinical investigations. The effects of curcumin on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brain tumors, epilepsy, Huntington's disorder (HD), ischemia, Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a major focus on associated signalling pathways have been thoroughly discussed. Conclusion This review demonstrates curcumin can suppress spinal neuroinflammation by modulating diverse astroglia mediated cascades, ensuring the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
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Carecho R, Carregosa D, Ratilal BO, Figueira I, Ávila-Gálvez MA, Dos Santos CN, Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic N. Dietary (Poly)phenols in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108908. [PMID: 37240254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of death and disability in young adults worldwide. Despite growing evidence and advances in our knowledge regarding the multifaceted pathophysiology of TBI, the underlying mechanisms, though, are still to be fully elucidated. Whereas initial brain insult involves acute and irreversible primary damage to the brain, the processes of subsequent secondary brain injury progress gradually over months to years, providing a window of opportunity for therapeutic interventions. To date, extensive research has been focused on the identification of druggable targets involved in these processes. Despite several decades of successful pre-clinical studies and very promising results, when transferred to clinics, these drugs showed, at best, modest beneficial effects, but more often, an absence of effects or even very harsh side effects in TBI patients. This reality has highlighted the need for novel approaches that will be able to respond to the complexity of the TBI and tackle TBI pathological processes on multiple levels. Recent evidence strongly indicates that nutritional interventions may provide a unique opportunity to enhance the repair processes after TBI. Dietary (poly)phenols, a big class of compounds abundantly found in fruits and vegetables, have emerged in the past few years as promising agents to be used in TBI settings due to their proven pleiotropic effects. Here, we give an overview of the pathophysiology of TBI and the underlying molecular mechanisms, followed by a state-of-the-art summary of the studies that have evaluated the efficacy of (poly)phenols administration to decrease TBI-associated damage in various animal TBI models and in a limited number of clinical trials. The current limitations on our knowledge concerning (poly)phenol effects in TBI in the pre-clinical studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carecho
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diogo Carregosa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Oliveira Ratilal
- Hospital CUF Descobertas, CUF Academic Center, 1998-018 Lisboa, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Neurocirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Figueira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Angeles Ávila-Gálvez
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Group of Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Natasa Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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Lu Y, Jarrahi A, Moore N, Bartoli M, Brann DW, Baban B, Dhandapani KM. Inflammaging, cellular senescence, and cognitive aging after traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106090. [PMID: 36934795 PMCID: PMC10763650 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with mortality and morbidity worldwide. Accumulating pre-clinical and clinical data suggests TBI is the leading extrinsic cause of progressive neurodegeneration. Neurological deterioration after either a single moderate-severe TBI or repetitive mild TBI often resembles dementia in aged populations; however, no currently approved therapies adequately mitigate neurodegeneration. Inflammation correlates with neurodegenerative changes and cognitive dysfunction for years post-TBI, suggesting a potential association between immune activation and both age- and TBI-induced cognitive decline. Inflammaging, a chronic, low-grade sterile inflammation associated with natural aging, promotes cognitive decline. Cellular senescence and the subsequent development of a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) promotes inflammaging and cognitive aging, although the functional association between senescent cells and neurodegeneration is poorly defined after TBI. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical evidence linking cellular senescence with poor TBI outcomes. We also discuss the current knowledge and future potential for senotherapeutics, including senolytics and senomorphics, which kill and/or modulate senescent cells, as potential therapeutics after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America.
| | - Abbas Jarrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Moore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Services, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America.
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Abu-Hijleh HM, Al-Zoubi RM, Zarour A, Al- Ansari A, Bawadi H. The Therapeutic Role of Curcumin in Inflammation and Post-Surgical Outcomes. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2166525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haya M. Abu-Hijleh
- Department of Human Nutrition, college of health Science, QU-health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raed M. Al-Zoubi
- Department of biomedical Sciences, college of health Science, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Zarour
- Acute care Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Al- Ansari
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hiba Bawadi
- Department of Human Nutrition, college of health Science, QU-health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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7
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Santiago-Castañeda C, Huerta de la Cruz S, Martínez-Aguirre C, Orozco-Suárez SA, Rocha L. Cannabidiol Reduces Short- and Long-Term High Glutamate Release after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and Improves Functional Recovery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081609. [PMID: 36015236 PMCID: PMC9414526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if orally administered cannabidiol (CBD) lessens the cortical over-release of glutamate induced by a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and facilitates functional recovery. The short-term experiment focused on identifying the optimal oral pretreatment of CBD. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with oral administration of CBD (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. Then, extracellular glutamate concentration was estimated by cortical microdialysis before and immediately after a severe TBI. The long-term experiment focused on evaluating the effect of the optimal treatment of CBD (pre- vs. pre- and post-TBI) 30 days after trauma. Sensorimotor function, body weight, and mortality rate were evaluated. In the short term, TBI induced a high release of glutamate (738% ± 173%; p < 0.001 vs. basal). Oral pretreatment with CBD at all doses tested reduced glutamate concentration but with higher potency at when animals received 100 mg/kg (222 ± 33%, p < 0.01 vs. TBI), an effect associated with a lower mortality rate (22%, p < 0.001 vs. TBI). In the long-term experiment, the TBI group showed a high glutamate concentration (149% p < 0.01 vs. SHAM). In contrast, animals receiving the optimal treatment of CBD (pre- and pre/post-TBI) showed glutamate concentrations like the SHAM group (p > 0.05). This effect was associated with high sensorimotor function improvement. CBD pretreatment, but not pre-/post-treatment, induced a higher body weight gain (39% ± 2.7%, p < 0.01 vs. TBI) and lower mortality rate (22%, p < 0.01 vs. TBI). These results support that orally administered CBD reduces short- and long-term TBI-induced excitotoxicity and facilitated functional recovery. Indeed, pretreatment with CBD was sufficient to lessen the adverse sequelae of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Santiago-Castañeda
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.S.-C.); (S.H.d.l.C.); (C.M.-A.)
| | - Saúl Huerta de la Cruz
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.S.-C.); (S.H.d.l.C.); (C.M.-A.)
| | - Christopher Martínez-Aguirre
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.S.-C.); (S.H.d.l.C.); (C.M.-A.)
| | - Sandra Adela Orozco-Suárez
- Unit for Medical Research in Neurological Diseases, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI (CMN-SXXI), Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Luisa Rocha
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.S.-C.); (S.H.d.l.C.); (C.M.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5483-2800
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8
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Marques MS, Marinho MAG, Vian CO, Horn AP. The action of curcumin against damage resulting from cerebral stroke: a systematic review. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106369. [PMID: 35914679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Treatments for stroke are limited, and preventive treatments are scarce. Curcumin (CUR) has several biological effects, as described in the literature, which highlight its antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Therefore, this qualitative systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of CUR on damage caused by stroke in rodent models. A systematic search was performed on three databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. In addition, the risk-of-bias and quality of the studies were assessed using SYRCLE and Collaborative Approach for Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies, respectively. The selection, inclusion, and exclusion criteria were established by the authors. At the end of our systematic search of the three databases, we found a total of 728 articles. After excluding duplicates and triplicates and reading the abstracts, keywords, and full texts, 53 articles were finally included in this systematic review. CUR exerts several beneficial effects against the damage caused by both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, via different pathways. However, because of its low bioavailability, Free-form CUR only exerted significant effects when it was administered at high concentrations. In contrast, when CUR was administered using nanostructured systems, positive responses were observed even at low concentrations. The mechanisms of action of CUR, free or in nanostructure, are extremely important for the recovery of injured brain tissue after a stroke; CUR has neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects and helps to maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Finally, we concluded that CUR presents an extremely important and significant response profile against the damage caused by stroke, making it a possible therapeutic candidate for individuals affected by this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Marques
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brazil.
| | - M A G Marinho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brazil
| | - C O Vian
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brazil
| | - A P Horn
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brazil
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Kalra S, Malik R, Singh G, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Mohan S, Albratty M, Albarrati A, Tambuwala MM. Pathogenesis and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI): role of neuroinflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1153-1166. [PMID: 35802283 PMCID: PMC9293826 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important global health concern that represents a leading cause of death and disability. It occurs due to direct impact or hit on the head caused by factors such as motor vehicles, crushes, and assaults. During the past decade, an abundance of new evidence highlighted the importance of inflammation in the secondary damage response that contributes to neurodegenerative and neurological deficits after TBI. It results in disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and initiates the release of macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes at the injury site. A growing number of researchers have discovered various signalling pathways associated with the initiation and progression of inflammation. Targeting different signalling pathways (NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, GSK-3, Nrf2, RhoGTPase, TGF-β1, and NLRP3) helps in the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of TBI. Several synthetic and herbal drugs with both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential showed effective results. This review summarizes different signalling pathways, associated pathologies, inflammatory mediators, pharmacological potential, current status, and challenges with anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunishtha Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. .,Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Syam Mohan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.,Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
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10
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Joshi P, Bisht A, Joshi S, Semwal D, Nema NK, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Ameliorating potential of curcumin and its analogue in central nervous system disorders and related conditions: A review of molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3143-3180. [PMID: 35790042 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one of the broadly studied phytomolecule owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and has been considered a promising therapeutic candidate in a wide range of disorders. Considering, its low bioavailability, different curcumin analogs have been developed to afford desired pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic outcome in varied pathological states. Several preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that curcumin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress apoptosis-mediated neural cell degeneration and could effectively be utilized in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, in this review, we have summarized key findings of experimental and clinical studies conducted on curcumin and its analogues with special emphasis on molecular pathways, viz. NF-kB, Nrf2-ARE, glial activation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, SOCS/JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 /MyD88 /p38 MAPK, JNK, iNOS/NO, and MMP pathways involved in imparting ameliorative effects in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders and associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.,R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akansha Bisht
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushil Joshi
- R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Semwal
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Nema
- Paramount Kumkum Private Limited, Prestige Meridian-1, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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11
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Fakhri S, Sabouri S, Kiani A, Farzaei MH, Rashidi K, Mohammadi-Farani A, Mohammadi-Noori E, Abbaszadeh F. Intrathecal administration of naringenin improves motor dysfunction and neuropathic pain following compression spinal cord injury in rats: relevance to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Korean J Pain 2022; 35:291-302. [PMID: 35768984 PMCID: PMC9251389 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.3.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating disorders throughout the world, causing persistent sensory-motor dysfunction, with no effective treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play key roles in the secondary phase of SCI. Naringenin (NAR) is a natural flavonoid with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. This study aims at evaluating the effects of intrathecal NAR administration on sensory-motor disability after SCI. Methods Animals underwent a severe compression injury using an aneurysm clip. About 30 minutes after surgery, NAR was injected intrathecally at the doses of 5, 10, and 15 mM in 20 µL volumes. For the assessment of neuropathic pain and locomotor function, acetone drop, hot plate, inclined plane, and Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan tests were carried out weekly till day 28 post-SCI. Effects of NAR on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity was appraised by gelatin zymography. Also, histopathological analyses and serum levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase and nitrite were measured in different groups. Results NAR reduced neuropathic pain, improved locomotor function, and also attenuated SCI-induced weight loss weekly till day 28 post-SCI. Zymography analysis showed that NAR suppressed MMP-9 activity, whereas it increased that of MMP-2, indicating its anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Also, intrathecal NAR modified oxidative stress related markers GSH, catalase, and nitrite levels. Besides, the neuroprotective effect of NAR was corroborated through increased survival of sensory and motor neurons after SCI. Conclusions These results suggest intrathecal NAR as a promising candidate for medical therapeutics for SCI-induced sensory and motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahryar Sabouri
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Kiani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Khodabakhsh Rashidi
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mohammadi-Farani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mohammadi-Noori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Targeting Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response in Traumatic Brain Injury: Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytochemicals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1015791. [PMID: 35419162 PMCID: PMC9001080 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1015791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), known as mechanical damage to the brain, impairs the normal function of the brain seriously. Its clinical symptoms manifest as behavioral impairment, cognitive decline, communication difficulties, etc. The pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI are complex and involve inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and so on. Among them, oxidative stress, one of the important mechanisms, occurs at the beginning and accompanies the whole process of TBI. Most importantly, excessive oxidative stress causes BBB disruption and brings injury to lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to the generation of lipid peroxidation, damage of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, neuronal apoptosis, and neuroinflammatory response. Transcription factor NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), a basic leucine zipper protein, plays an important role in the regulation of antioxidant proteins, such as oxygenase-1(HO-1), NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), to protect against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. Recently, emerging evidence indicated the knockout (KO) of Nrf2 aggravates the pathology of TBI, while the treatment of Nrf2 activators inhibits neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammatory responses via reducing oxidative damage. Phytochemicals from fruits, vegetables, grains, and other medical herbs have been demonstrated to activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway and exert neuroprotective effects in TBI. In this review, we emphasized the contributive role of oxidative stress in the pathology of TBI and the protective mechanism of the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response for the treatment of TBI. In addition, we summarized the research advances of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, terpenoids, natural pigments, and otherwise, in the activation of Nrf2 signaling and their potential therapies for TBI. Although there is still limited clinical application evidence for these natural Nrf2 activators, we believe that the combinational use of phytochemicals such as Nrf2 activators with gene and stem cell therapy will be a promising therapeutic strategy for TBI in the future.
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13
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Kalra S, Banderwal R, Arora K, Kumar S, Singh G, Chawla PA, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Dhiman A. An update on pathophysiology and treatment of sports-mediated brain injury. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16786-16798. [PMID: 34994929 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neurological disorder which represents a major health issue worldwide. It causes mortality and disability among all group ages, caused by external force, sports-related events or violence and road traffic accidents. In the USA, approximately one-third people die annually due to injury and 1.7 million people suffer from traumatic brain injury. Every year in India around 1.6 million individuals suffer from sustain brain injury with 200,000 deaths and approximately one million person needed recovery treatment at any stage of time. Sports-related head impact and trauma has become an extremely controversial public health and medico-legal problem that accounts for 20% of all brain injury (including concussion). It is difficult to reverse the primary injury but the secondary injury can be minimized by using proper pharmacological intervention during the initial hours of injury. This article highlights the pathophysiology and types of TBI along with treatment therapies. Till date, there is no single medication that can decrease the progression of the disease so that symptomatic treatment is given to the patient by determining proper pathology. Recently various herbal medicine therapies and traditional supplements have been developed for TBI. Nutritional supplementation and nutraceuticals have exposed potential in the treatment of TBI when used before and after TBI. The compiled data will enable the readers to know the pathophysiology as well as the allopathic and natural remedies to treat the TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunishtha Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rittu Banderwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kaushal Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Anju Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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14
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Mishra S, Singh VJ, Chawla PA, Chawla V. Neuroprotective Role of Nutritional Supplementation in Athletes. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:129-142. [PMID: 34886789 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666211209144721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disorders belong to different classes of progressive/chronic conditions that affect the peripheral/central nervous system. It has been shown through studies that athletes who play sports involving repeated head trauma and sub-concussive impacts are more likely to experience neurological impairments and neurodegenerative disorders in the long run. AIMS The aim of the current narrative review article is to provide a summary of various nutraceuticals that offer promise in the prevention or management of sports-related injuries, especially concussions and mild traumatic brain injuries. METHODS This article reviews the various potential nutraceutical agents and their possible mechanisms in providing a beneficial effect in the injury recovery process. A thorough survey of the literature was carried out in the relevant databases to identify studies published in recent years. In the present article, we have also highlighted the major neurological disorders along with the associated nutraceutical(s) therapy in the management of disorders. RESULTS The exact pathological mechanism behind neurodegenerative conditions is complex as well as idiopathic. However, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress as well as intracellular calcium overload are some common reasons responsible for the progression of these neurodegenerative disorders. Owing to the multifaceted effects of nutraceuticals (complementary medicine), these supplements have gained importance as neuroprotective. These diet-based approaches inhibit different pathways in a physiological manner without eliciting adverse effects. Food habits and lifestyle of an individual also affect neurodegeneration. CONCLUSION Studies have shown nutraceuticals (such as resveratrol, omega-3-fatty acids) to be efficacious in terms of their neuroprotection against several neurodegenerative disorders and to be used as supplements in the management of traumatic brain injuries. Protection prior to injuries is needed since concussions or sub-concussive impacts may trigger several pathophysiological responses or cascades that can lead to long-term complications associated with CNS. Thus, the use of nutraceuticals as prophylactic treatment for neurological interventions has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, Delhi-NCR. India
| | - Vikram Jeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab. India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab. India
| | - Viney Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot-151203, Punjab. India
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15
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Wu X, Yan Y, Zhang Q. Neuroinflammation and Modulation Role of Natural Products After Spinal Cord Injury. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5713-5737. [PMID: 34764668 PMCID: PMC8576359 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s329864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe traumatic injury of the central nervous system, characterized by neurological dysfunction and locomotor disability. Although the underlying pathological mechanism of SCI is complex and remains unclear, the important role of neuroinflammation has been gradually unveiled in recent years. The inflammation process after SCI involves disruption of the blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB), activation of gliocytes, infiltration of peripheral macrophages, and feedback loops between different cells. Thus, our first aim is to illustrate pathogenesis, related cells and factors of neuroinflammation after SCI in this review. Due to the good bioactivity of natural products derived from plants and medicinal herbs, these widely exist as food, health-care products and drugs in our lives. In the inflammation after SCI, multiple natural products exert satisfactory effects. Therefore, the second aim of this review is to sum up the effects and mechanisms of 25 natural compounds and 7 extracts derived from plants or medicinal herbs on neuroinflammation after SCI. Clarification of the SCI inflammation mechanism and a summary of the related natural products is helpful for in-depth research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
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16
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Dhote VV, Raja MKMM, Samundre P, Sharma S, Anwikar S, Upaganlawar AB. Sports Related Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration in Athletes. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:51-76. [PMID: 34515018 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210910114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sports deserve a special place in human life to impart healthy and refreshing wellbeing. However, sports activities, especially contact sports, renders athlete vulnerable to brain injuries. Athletes participating in a contact sport like boxing, rugby, American football, wrestling, and basketball are exposed to traumatic brain injuries (TBI) or concussions. The acute and chronic nature of these heterogeneous injuries provides a spectrum of dysfunctions that alters the neuronal, musculoskeletal, and behavioral responses of an athlete. Many sports-related brain injuries go unreported, but these head impacts trigger neurometabolic disruptions that contribute to long-term neuronal impairment. The pathophysiology of post-concussion and its underlying mechanisms are undergoing intense research. It also shed light on chronic disorders like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia. In this review, we examined post-concussion neurobehavioral changes, tools for early detection of signs, and their impact on the athlete. Further, we discussed the role of nutritional supplements in ameliorating neuropsychiatric diseases in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin V Dhote
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Bhopal, MP,462044. India
| | | | - Prem Samundre
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Bhopal, MP,462044. India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Bhopal, MP,462044. India
| | - Shraddha Anwikar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Bhopal, MP,462044. India
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Bhopal, MP,462044. India
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17
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Halder S, Anand U, Nandy S, Oleksak P, Qusti S, Alshammari EM, El-Saber Batiha G, Koshy EP, Dey A. Herbal drugs and natural bioactive products as potential therapeutics: A review on pro-cognitives and brain boosters perspectives. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:879-907. [PMID: 34408548 PMCID: PMC8363108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory, one of the most vital aspects of the human brain, is necessary for the effective survival of an individual. 'Memory' can be defined in various ways but in an overall view, memory is the retention of the information that the brain grasps. Different factors are responsible for the disbalance in the brain's hippocampus region and the acetylcholine level, which masters the memory and cognitive functions. Plants are a source of pharmacologically potent drug molecules of high efficacy. Recently herbal medicine has evolved rapidly, gaining great acceptance worldwide due to their natural origin and fewer side effects. In this review, the authors have discussed the mechanisms and pharmacological action of herbal bioactive compounds to boost memory. Moreover, this review presents an update of different herbs and natural products that could act as memory enhancers and how they can be potentially utilized in the near future for the treatment of severe brain disorders. In addition, the authors also discuss the differences in biological activity of the same herb and emphasize the requirement for a higher standardization in cultivation methods and plant processing. The demand for further studies evaluating the interactions of herbal drugs is mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Halder
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Safaa Qusti
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eida M. Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Eapen P. Koshy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
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18
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Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Roshanravan B, Peivasteh-Roudsari L. Impact of Curcumin on Traumatic Brain Injury and Involved Molecular Signaling Pathways. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 2021; 11:137-144. [PMID: 31288732 DOI: 10.2174/2212798410666190617161523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide with no suitable treatment. The present study was designed to review the present literature about the protective effects of curcumin and the underlying mechanism against TBI. All published English language papers from beginning to 2019 were selected in this study. The findings indicate that curcumin may be effective against TBI outcomes by modulating the molecular signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, more experimental studies should be done to identify all mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of TBI. Patents for Curcumin and chronic inflammation and traumatic brain injury management (WO2017097805A1 and US9101580B2) were published. In conclusion, the present study confirmed the potential therapeutic impact of curcumin for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Babak Roshanravan
- Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Leila Peivasteh-Roudsari
- Devision of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Maeda Y, Otsuka T, Mitsuhara T, Okazaki T, Yuge L, Takeda M. A novel bone-thinning technique for transcranial stimulation motor-evoked potentials in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12496. [PMID: 34127706 PMCID: PMC8203740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulated motor-evoked potentials (tcMEPs) are widely used to evaluate motor function in humans, and even in animal studies, tcMEPs are used to evaluate neurological dysfunction. However, there is a dearth of reports on extended tcMEP recordings in both animal models and humans. Therefore, this study examined a new technique for stably recording tcMEPs over several weeks in six healthy female Sprague–Dawley rats. We thinned the skull bone using the skull base and spinal surgery technique to reduce electrical resistance for electrical stimulation. tcMEPs were recorded on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after surgery. The onset latency and amplitude of tcMEPs from the hindlimbs were recorded and evaluated, and histological analysis was performed. Stable amplitude and onset latency could be recorded over several weeks, and histological analysis indicated no complications attributable to the procedure. Thus, our novel technique allows for less invasive, safer, easier, and more stable extended tcMEP recordings than previously reported techniques. The presently reported technique may be applied to the study of various nerve injury models in rats: specifically, to evaluate the degree of nerve dysfunction and recovery in spinal cord injury, cerebral infarction, and brain contusion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyo Maeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Takashi Otsuka
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Mitsuhara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takahito Okazaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Louis Yuge
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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20
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Hadizadeh-Bazaz M, Vaezi G, Khaksari M, Hojati V. Curcumin attenuates spatial memory impairment by anti-oxidative, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory mechanism against methamphetamine neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats: Histological and biochemical changes. Neurotoxicology 2021; 84:208-217. [PMID: 33819551 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methamphetamine is used extensively around the world as a psychostimulant. The complications related to methamphetamine include methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity, mainly involving intraneuronal processes, such as oxidative stress and excitotoxicity. Curcumin is effective against neuronal injury due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the protective effects of curcumin against methamphetamine neurotoxicity. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control (n = 12), DMSO (n = 12), methamphetamine (n = 12), and methamphetamine + curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, intraperitoneal [IP]; n = 12). Neurotoxicity was induced by 40 mg/kg of methamphetamine administrated through 4 injections (4 × 10 mg/kg, q2h, IP). Curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg) was administered at 7 days after the last methamphetamine injection. By using a Morris water maze task, the hippocampus-dependent memory and spatial learning were evaluated 1 day after the last curcumin injection. Then, the animal brains were isolated for biochemical measurements, as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1(Iba-1) and caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The current study demonstrated that administration of curcumin significantly attenuates spatial memory impairment (P < 0.01) following methamphetamine neurotoxicity. Curcumin caused a significant increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05). However, it decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (P < 0.01) levels as compared to the methamphetamine group. Also, curcumin significantly reduced Iba-1 (P < 0. 01), GFAP and caspase-3 positive cells in the hippocampus (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Curcumin exerted neuroprotective effects on methamphetamine neurotoxicity because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Golamhassan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Vida Hojati
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
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21
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Antioxidative Effects of Curcumin on the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Ochratoxin A in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010125. [PMID: 33477286 PMCID: PMC7830919 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a powerful mycotoxin found in various foods and feedstuff, responsible for subchronic and chronic toxicity, such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, and immunotoxicity to both humans and several animal species. The severity of the liver damage caused depends on both dose and duration of exposure. Several studies have suggested that oxidative stress might contribute to increasing the hepatotoxicity of OTA, and several antioxidants, including curcumin (CURC), have been tested to counteract the toxic hepatic action of OTA in various classes of animals. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of CURC, a bioactive compound with different therapeutic properties on hepatic injuries caused by OTA in rat animal models. CURC effects were examined in Sprague Dawley rats treated with CURC (100 mg/kg), alone or in combination with OTA (0.5 mg/kg), by gavage daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, rats treated with OTA showed alterations in biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in the liver. CURC dosing significantly attenuated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation versus the OTA group. Furthermore, liver histological tests showed that CURC reduced the multifocal lymphoplasmacellular hepatitis, the periportal fibrosis, and the necrosis observed in the OTA group. This study provides evidence that CURC can preserve OTA-induced oxidative damage in the liver of rats.
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Zhang M, Li Y, Xie H, Chen J, Liu S. Curcumin inhibits proliferation, migration and neointimal formation of vascular smooth muscle via activating miR-22. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:610-619. [PMID: 32631202 PMCID: PMC8641690 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1781904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Context: Curcumin has antitumor, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties.Objective: To investigate the role of miR-22 during curcumin-induced changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and neointima formation in balloon-injured rat abdominal aorta.Materials and methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised to the sham-operated (n = 10), operated control (injured, n = 10), and curcumin treatment (n = 10) groups. miR-22 expression was determined by real-time PCR. SP1 was assessed by western blot and real-time PCR. Rat aortic smooth muscle A7r5 cells were used to determine VSMC proliferation and migration, which were measured by the MTS, EdU staining, Transwell, and wound healing assays.Results: miR-22 levels declined following arterial balloon injury in vivo (48% at 3d, p < 0.05) and serum stimulation in vitro (45% at 24 h, p < 0.01). Functional studies revealed that miR-22 negatively regulated the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by directly targeting the SP1 transcription factor in VSMCs. Curcumin increased the expression of miR-22 (81%, p < 0.05) and decreased the protein expression of SP1 in VSMCs (25%, p < 0.05). miR-22 inhibition was found to attenuate the effects of curcumin on VSMC functions. Curcumin increased miR-22 (46%, p < 0.01), decreased the SP1 protein (19%, p < 0.05), and inhibited vascular neointimal area (48%, p < 0.01) in vivo.Discussion: The miR-22/SP1 pathway is involved in the protective role of curcumin during arterial balloon injury, but the mechanisms remain unclear.Conclusion: miR-22 is involved in the inhibitory effects of curcumin on VSMCs' proliferation, migration and neointima hyperplasia after arterial balloon injury in rats. Curcumin could be used to prevent neointimal hyperplasia after angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Cardiovascular Department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuntian Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Cardiovascular Center, 305 Hospital of Chinese People′s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xie
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Attari F, Ghadiri T, Hashemi M. Combination of curcumin with autologous transplantation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells leads to more efficient repair of damaged cerebral tissue of rat. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1610-1622. [PMID: 32627273 DOI: 10.1113/ep088697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Can the neuroprotective agent curcumin affect restorative action of neural stem/progenitor cells in the injured rat brain? What is the main finding and its importance? In the presence of curcumin, transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the context of PuraMatrix reduced lesion size and reactive inflammatory responses, and boosted survival rate of grafted neurons. In addition it improved the neurological status of injured animals. This could be beneficial in designing new therapeutic approaches for brain injury based on this combination therapy. ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is catastrophic neurological damage associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. To date, there is no specific treatment for restoring lost brain tissue. In light of the complex pathology of brain injury, the present study evaluated the effects of combination therapy using autologous neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs), PuraMatrix (PM) and curcumin in an animal model of brain injury. After stereotactic biopsy of subventricular zone tissue and culture of NS/PCs, 36 male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were randomly divided into six groups receiving dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), curcumin (100 mg kg-1 in DMSO), PM + curcumin (100 mg kg-1 in DMSO), NS/PCs + curcumin (100 mg kg-1 in DMSO), NS/PCs + PM + curcumin (100 mg kg-1 in DMSO) and NS/PCs + PM + curcumin (1 µm) following acute brain injury. The animals were evaluated in term of neurological status for 4 weeks, then decapitated. Nissl and TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry for bromodeoxyuridine, glial fibrillary acidic protein, doublecortin, Map2, Olig2, Iba1 and CD68 were performed. We found that combination therapy by NS/PCs + PM + curcumin reduced the lesion size, astrogliosis, macrophage and microglial reaction as well as the number of apoptotic cells. Moreover, the transplanted cells were able to survive and differentiate after 4 weeks. Besides these findings, transplantation of NS/PCs in the context of PM and curcumin improved the neurological status of injured animals. In conclusion, our data suggest that this combination therapy can be beneficial in developing future therapeutic approaches for brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Attari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ghadiri
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Hashemi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Damiano S, Andretta E, Longobardi C, Prisco F, Paciello O, Squillacioti C, Mirabella N, Florio S, Ciarcia R. Effects of Curcumin on the Renal Toxicity Induced by Ochratoxin A in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040332. [PMID: 32325727 PMCID: PMC7222377 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a powerful nephrotoxin and the severity of its damage to kidneys depends on both the dose and duration of exposure. According to the scientific data currently available, the mechanism of action still is not completely clarified, but it is supposed that oxidative stress is responsible for OTA-induced nephrotoxicity. Bioactive compound use has emerged as a potential approach to reduce chronic renal failure. Therefore, curcumin (CURC), due to its therapeutic effects, has been chosen for our study to reduce the toxic renal effects induced by OTA. CURC effects are examined in Sprague Dawley rats treated with CURC (100 mg/kg), alone or in combination with OTA (0.5 mg/kg), by gavage daily for 14 days. The end result of the experiment finds rats treated with OTA show alterations in biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in the kidney, related to a decrease in the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Conversely, the administration of CURC attenuates oxidative stress and prevents glomerular hyperfiltration versus the OTA group. Furthermore, kidney histological tests show a reduction in glomerular and tubular damage, inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. This study shows that CURC can mitigate OTA-induced oxidative damage in the kidneys of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (O.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2536127
| | - Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (O.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Naples, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Francesco Prisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (O.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (O.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Caterina Squillacioti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (O.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Nicola Mirabella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (O.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Salvatore Florio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (O.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (O.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
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Forouzanfar F, Read MI, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Neuroprotective effects of curcumin through autophagy modulation. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:652-664. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research CenterMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Morgayn I. Read
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Limerick Limerick Ireland
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA Tehran Iran
- Biotechnology Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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26
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Keshavarzi Z, Shakeri F, Barreto GE, Bibak B, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Medicinal plants in traumatic brain injury: Neuroprotective mechanisms revisited. Biofactors 2019; 45:517-535. [PMID: 31206893 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most prevalent health problem affecting all age groups, and leads to many secondary problems in other organs especially kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and heart function. In this review, the search terms were TBI, fluid percussion injury, cold injury, weight drop impact acceleration injury, lateral fluid percussion, cortical impact injury, and blast injury. Studies with Actaea racemosa, Artemisia annua, Aframomum melegueta, Carthamus tinctorius, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Crocus sativus, Cnidium monnieri, Curcuma longa, Gastrodia elata, Malva sylvestris, Da Chuanxiong Formula, Erigeron breviscapus, Panax ginseng, Salvia tomentosa, Satureja khuzistanica, Nigella sativa, Drynaria fortune, Dracaena cochinchinensis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rheum tanguticum, Centella asiatica, and Curcuma zedoaria show a significant decrease in neuronal injury by different mechanisms such as increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, suppressing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin 1 (IL-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and IL-6 expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of medicinal plants in central nervous system pathologies by reviewing the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Keshavarzi
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bahram Bibak
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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27
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Oliver JM, Anzalone AJ, Turner SM. Protection Before Impact: the Potential Neuroprotective Role of Nutritional Supplementation in Sports-Related Head Trauma. Sports Med 2018; 48:39-52. [PMID: 29368186 PMCID: PMC5790849 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Even in the presence of underreporting, sports-related concussions/mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are on the rise. In the absence of proper diagnosis, an athlete may return to play prior to full recovery, increasing the risk of second-impact syndrome or protracted symptoms. Recent evidence has demonstrated that sub-concussive impacts, those sustained routinely in practice and competition, result in a quantifiable pathophysiological response and the accumulation of both concussive and sub-concussive impacts sustained over a lifetime of sports participation may lead to long-term neurological impairments and an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. The pathophysiological, neurometabolic, and neurochemical cascade that initiates subsequent to the injury is complex and involves multiple mechanisms. While pharmaceutical treatments may target one mechanism, specific nutrients and nutraceuticals have been discovered to impact several pathways, presenting a broader approach. Several studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of nutritional supplementation in the treatment of mTBI. However, given that many concussions go unreported and sub-concussive impacts result in a pathophysiological response that, too, may contribute to long-term brain health, protection prior to impact is warranted. This review discusses the current literature regarding the role of nutritional supplements that, when provided before mTBI and traumatic brain injury, may provide neurological protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Oliver
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University (TCU), Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA.
| | - Anthony J Anzalone
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University (TCU), Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Stephanie M Turner
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University (TCU), Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
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Siahaan AMP, Japardi I, Rambe AS, Indharty RS, Ichwan M. Turmeric Extract Supplementation Reduces Tau Protein Level in Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury Model. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1953-1958. [PMID: 30559842 PMCID: PMC6290398 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Repetitive traumatic brain injury (RTBI) has gained much attention in this decade, especially in contact sports athletes and military personals. This injury is correlated with early neurodegenerative changes that are marked with the increased of tau protein. Turmeric extract (TE) is a well-known anti-inflammation and antioxidant that decreases tau protein expression in neurodegenerative disease. AIM: This study aimed to prove the effect of TE on tau protein level after RTBI. METHODS: Forty Sprague Dawley mice were divided into four groups, i.e. negative sham control group, the control group, and two treatment groups. A weight drop model was used by applying a 40-gram mass that was dropped from a 1-meter height onto the vertex of the head, with a total frequency of 12 times, divided into 4 days (day 0, 1, 3, and 7; 3 traumas on each day). TE was given to all treatment groups with 500 mg/kg BW doses once daily. The first treatment group had TE for seven days along the trauma. The second treatment group had pretreatment TE extract, given from seven days before first trauma and continued along the trauma protocol days. Tau protein level was measured on brain and serum using ELISA method. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction of tau protein level in both treatment groups compared to trauma group, either in serum or brain, but we also found significant differences regarding brain tau level between the treatment and pretreatment group. CONCLUSION: This study might provide evidence of with the role of pretreatment TE in RTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iskandar Japardi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Aldy Safruddin Rambe
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rr Suzy Indharty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ichwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Astaxanthin attenuates neuroinflammation contributed to the neuropathic pain and motor dysfunction following compression spinal cord injury. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:217-224. [PMID: 30243665 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition in which inflammatory responses in the secondary phase of injury leads to long lasting sensory-motor dysfunction. The medicinal therapy of SCI complications is still a clinical challenge. Understanding the molecular pathways underlying the progress of damage will help to find new therapeutic candidates. Astaxanthin (AST) is a ketocarotenoid which has shown anti-inflammatory effects in models of traumatic brain injury. In the present study, we examined its potential in the elimination of SCI damage through glutamatergic-phospo p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) signaling pathway. Inflammatory response, histopathological changes and sensory-motor function were also investigated in a severe compression model of SCI in male rats. The results of acetone drop and inclined plane tests indicated the promising role of AST in improving sensory and motor function of SCI rats. AST decreased the expression of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) and p-p38MAPK as inflammatory signaling mediators as well as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as an inflammatory cytokine, following compression SCI. The histopathological study culminated in preserved white mater and motor neurons beyond the injury level in rostral and caudal parts. The results show the potential of AST to inhibit glutamate-initiated signaling pathway and inflammatory reactions in the secondary phase of SCI, and suggest it as a promising candidate to enhance functional recovery after SCI.
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30
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Pathophysiology and treatment of cerebral edema in traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:230-246. [PMID: 30086289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral edema (CE) and resultant intracranial hypertension are associated with unfavorable prognosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). CE is a leading cause of in-hospital mortality, occurring in >60% of patients with mass lesions, and ∼15% of those with normal initial computed tomography scans. After treatment of mass lesions in severe TBI, an important focus of acute neurocritical care is evaluating and managing the secondary injury process of CE and resultant intracranial hypertension. This review focuses on a contemporary understanding of various pathophysiologic pathways contributing to CE, with a subsequent description of potential targeted therapies. There is a discussion of identified cellular/cytotoxic contributors to CE, as well as mechanisms that influence blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption/vasogenic edema, with the caveat that this distinction may be somewhat artificial since molecular processes contributing to these pathways are interrelated. While an exhaustive discussion of all pathways with putative contributions to CE is beyond the scope of this review, the roles of some key contributors are highlighted, and references are provided for further details. Potential future molecular targets for treating CE are presented based on pathophysiologic mechanisms. We thus aim to provide a translational synopsis of present and future strategies targeting CE after TBI in the context of a paradigm shift towards precision medicine. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Novel Treatments for Traumatic Brain Injury".
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Eisenstein N, Naumann D, Burns D, Stapley S, Draper H. Left Of Bang Interventions in Trauma: ethical implications for military medical prophylaxis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2018; 44:504-508. [PMID: 28814441 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2017-104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in medical capability should be accompanied by discussion of their ethical implications. In the military medical context there is a growing interest in developing prophylactic interventions that will mitigate the effects of trauma and improve survival. The ethics of this novel capability are currently unexplored. This paper describes the concept of trauma prophylaxis (Left Of Bang Interventions in Trauma) and outlines some of the ethical issues that need to be considered, including within concept development, research and implementation. Trauma prophylaxis can be divided into interventions that do not (type 1) and those that do (type 2) have medical enhancement as an unintended side effect of their prophylactic action. We conclude that type 1 interventions have much in common with established military medical prophylaxis, and the potentially enhancing qualities of type 2 interventions raise different issues. We welcome further debate on both interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Eisenstein
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, ICT Centre, Birmingham, UK
- Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - David Naumann
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, ICT Centre, Birmingham, UK
- Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Daniel Burns
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, ICT Centre, Birmingham, UK
- Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Sarah Stapley
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, ICT Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heather Draper
- Division of Health Science, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Saleh HA, S. Abd El-Aziz G, N. Mustafa H, El-Fark M, Mansour Tashkandi J, Hassan Alzahrani A, Mal A, AboRass M, Halim Deifalla A. Beneficial Effects of Curcumin in Maternal and Fetal Oxidative Stress and Brain Damage Induced by Gestational Lead Administration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was planned to explore the protective role of curcumin (Cur) against maternal and fetal oxidative stress and cerebral damage induced by lead (Pb) during pregnancy. Positively pregnant female rats were divided into seven groups: control group, Cur group (300 mg/kg of Cur/b.wt.), DMSO group (50% DMSO), two Pb-treated groups (exposed to 160 and 320 mg/kg b.wt./day of Pb acetate, respectively), and two groups treated with both Pb and Cur (exposed to Pb as previous groups together with 300 mg/kg b.wt./day of Cur). Treatments through oral gavage once a day started from gestation day 1 (GD1) till day 20 (GD20), where the mother rats of different experimental groups were sacrificed to obtain the fetuses. Different chemical parameters were assessed. Brain specimens of mother and fetal groups were processed with examination. The results displayed that Pb administration to pregnant rats resulted in a dose-dependent toxicity for both mothers and fetuses. Also, there was a significant rise in lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in the brains of the different Pb-treated groups. The histological examination of the brain of treated dams and fetuses showed marked alterations. Co-treatment of Cur along with Pb caused a significant decrease in Pb levels as compared with those treated with Pb alone, improving the oxidative condition with amelioration of the brain’s histopathological changes. Co-administration of Cur could have ameliorative effect against Pb-induced neurotoxicity through the reduction of oxidative stress and reversal of histopathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid A. Saleh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Gamal S. Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Hehsam N. Mustafa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Magdy El-Fark
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | | | | | - Ahmed Mal
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Magda AboRass
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
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Sassi A, Maatouk M, El gueder D, Bzéouich IM, Abdelkefi-Ben Hatira S, Jemni-Yacoub S, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Chrysin, a natural and biologically active flavonoid suppresses tumor growth of mouse B16F10 melanoma cells: In vitro and In vivo study. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 283:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bicer N, Yildiz E, Yegani AA, Aksu F. Synthesis of curcumin complexes with iron(iii) and manganese(ii), and effects of curcumin–iron(iii) on Alzheimer's disease. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04223j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plants provide a wealth of bioactive compounds which aid in exerting a substantial strategy for the treatment of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Bicer
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Çukurova University
- Adana
- Turkey
| | - Emel Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Çukurova University
- Adana
- Turkey
| | | | - Fazilet Aksu
- Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University
- Adana
- Turkey
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Samarghandian S, Farkhondeh T, Azimi-Nezhad M. Protective Effects of Chrysin Against Drugs and Toxic Agents. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325817711782. [PMID: 28694744 PMCID: PMC5484430 DOI: 10.1177/1559325817711782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Issues: Polyphenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, are known as the most common chemical class of phytochemicals, which possess a multiple range of health-promoting effects. Flavonoids are ubiquitous in nature. They are also present in food, providing an essential link between diet and prevention of several diseases. Approach: Chrysin (CH), a natural flavonoid, was commonly found in propolis and honey and traditionally used in herbal medicine. A growing body of scientific evidence has shown that CH possesses protective effects against toxic agents in various animal tissues, including brain, heart, liver, kidney, and lung. Key Findings: This study found that CH may be effective in disease management induced by toxic agents. However, due to the lack of information on human, further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of CH as an antidote agent in human. Conclusion: The present article aimed to critically review the available literature data regarding the protective effects of CH against toxic agent–induced toxicities as well as its possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Immunogenetics, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M, Farkhondeh T, Samini F. Anti-oxidative effects of curcumin on immobilization-induced oxidative stress in rat brain, liver and kidney. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:223-229. [PMID: 28061405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Restraint stress has been indicated to induce oxidative damage in tissues. Several investigations have reported that curcumin (CUR) may have a protective effect against oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of CUR on restraint stress induced oxidative stress damage in the brain, liver and kidneys. For chronic restraint stress, rats were kept in the restrainers for 1h every day, for 21 consecutive days. The animals received systemic administrations of CUR daily for 21days. In order to evaluate the changes of the oxidative stress parameters following restraint stress, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) were measured in the brain, liver and kidney of rats after the end of restraint stress. The restraint stress significantly increased MDA level, but decreased the level of GSH and activists of SOD, GPx, GR, and CAT the brain, liver and kidney of rats in comparison to the normal rats (P<0.001). Intraperitoneal administration of CUR significantly attenuated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, prevented apoptosis, and increased antioxidant defense mechanism activity in the tissues versus the control group (P<0.05). This study shows that CUR can prevent restraint stress-induced oxidative damage in the brain, liver and kidney of rats and propose that CUR may be useful agents against oxidative stress in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Immunogenetics, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariborz Samini
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Trojian TH, Wang DH, Leddy JJ. Nutritional Supplements for the Treatment and Prevention of Sports-Related Concussion—Evidence Still Lacking. Curr Sports Med Rep 2017; 16:247-255. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Scheff SW, Ansari MA. Natural Compounds as a Therapeutic Intervention following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role of Phytochemicals. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:1491-1510. [PMID: 27846772 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a tremendous focus on the discovery and development of neuroprotective agents that might have clinical relevance following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This type of brain injury is very complex and is divided into two major components. The first component, a primary injury, occurs at the time of impact and is the result of the mechanical insult itself. This primary injury is thought to be irreversible and resistant to most treatments. A second component or secondary brain injury, is defined as cellular damage that is not immediately obvious after trauma, but that develops after a delay of minutes, hours, or even days. This injury appears to be amenable to treatment. Because of the complexity of the secondary injury, any type of therapeutic intervention needs to be multi-faceted and have the ability to simultaneously modulate different cellular changes. Because of diverse pharmaceutical interactions, combinations of different drugs do not work well in concert and result in adverse physiological conditions. Research has begun to investigate the possibility of using natural compounds as a therapeutic intervention following TBI. These compounds normally have very low toxicity and have reduced interactions with other pharmaceuticals. In addition, many natural compounds have the potential to target numerous different components of the secondary injury. Here, we review 33 different plant-derived natural compounds, phytochemicals, which have been investigated in experimental animal models of TBI. Some of these phytochemicals appear to have potential as possible therapeutic interventions to offset key components of the secondary injury cascade. However, not all studies have used the same scientific rigor, and one should be cautious in the interpretation of studies using naturally occurring phytochemical in TBI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Scheff
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mubeen A Ansari
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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Antidotal effects of curcumin against neurotoxic agents: An updated review. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:947-953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Salim EI, Abd El-Magid AD, Farara KM, Maria DSM. Antitumoral and Antioxidant Potential of Egyptian Propolis Against the PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7641-51. [PMID: 26625775 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown previously that nutritional supplements rich in polyphenolic compounds play a significant role in prostate cancer chemoprevention. Propolis is a natural, resinous hive product that has several pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral activities. The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxic, antioxidant and antitumoral activities of an ethanolic extract of Egyptian propolis (EEP) in vitro with an established chemotherapeutic drug such as doxorubicin (DOX), and the effects of their combination against the PC3 human prostate cancer cell line. Cellular viability and IC50 levels with EEP, DOX and their (v/v) combination were detected by sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) assay after incubation of PC3 cells for 72 h with different doses (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml). Two selected doses of IC50 and IC25 were applied to cells for 24h for antitumor evaluation assay of treatment compounds. EEP and its (v/v) combination with DOX showed significant antitumor potential besides high antioxidant properties of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels when compared with the control untreated cells. DNA fragmentation assay and semi quantitative RT-PCR analyses for p53 and Bax genes showed that EEP activated cellular apoptosis and increased the mRNA expression levels more than other treatment. In conclusion, EEP alone or in combination with DOX at both doses used here showed greater antioxidant, antiproliferative and apoptotic effects against the PC3 cell lines as compared to treatment with DOX alone. Therefore, EEP could be considered as a promising candidate for prostate cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed I Salim
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Research Lab. of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Tanta, Egypt E-mail : ,
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Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. The hepatoprotective effects of curcumin against drugs and toxic agents: an updated review. TOXIN REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1215333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rangarajan P, Karthikeyan A, Dheen ST. Role of dietary phenols in mitigating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:453-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M, Borji A, Farkhondeh T. Effect of crocin on aged rat kidney through inhibition of oxidative stress and proinflammatory state. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1345-53. [PMID: 27279282 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether crocin, a bioactive component of saffron, has a protective effect on kidney through reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in aged rats. In this study the changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) levels and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum and renal tissue were evaluated by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. The middle and aged rats were given intraperitoneal injections of crocin (10, 20, 30 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, animals were anesthetized with diethyl ether. The kidney samples were taken for biochemical analysis. The results revealed the aging was associated with a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and GSH content with increase in lipid peroxidation level in kidney of the aged rats (p < 0.001). The increased levels of serum renal functional parameter, oxidative parameters (p < 0.01) and also pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly reduced by crocin administration (p < 0.05). The aged rats exhibited a dysregulation of the oxidative stress, and inflammation in the kidneys, but crocin treatment significantly reduced the expression of the inflammatory genes. These results provide pivotal documentation that crocin has a renoprotective effects against the development of oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney of old rats. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Basic Medical sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abasalt Borji
- Department of Basic Medical sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Immunogenetics, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Sordillo PP, Sordillo LA, Helson L. Bifunctional role of pro-inflammatory cytokines after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2016; 30:1043-53. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2016.1163618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tunc Ata M, Turgut G, Akbulut M, Kocyigit A, Karabulut A, Senol H, Turgut S. Effect of Erythropoietin and Stem Cells on Traumatic Brain Injury. World Neurosurg 2016; 89:355-61. [PMID: 26850972 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the healing effects of erythropoietin (EPO) and stem cells (SCs) in traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Twenty-nine Wistar albino rats were used and separated into the following groups: control (C), EPO, SC, and SC+EPO. Group C received a TBI only, with no treatment. In the EPO group, 1000 U/kg EPO was given intraperitoneally at 30 minutes after TBI. In SC group, immediately after formation of TBI, 3 × 10,000 CD34(+) stem cells were injected into the affected area. In the SC+EPO group, half an hour after TBI and the injection of stem cells, 1000 U/kg EPO was injected. Before and after injury, trauma coordination performance was measured by the rotarod and inclined plane tests. RESULTS Seven weeks after trauma, rat brains were examined by radiology and histology. Rotarod performance test did not change remarkably, even after the injury. Compared with group C, the SC+EPO group was found to have significant differences in the inclined plane test results. CONCLUSIONS Separately given, SCs and EPO have a positive effect on TBI, and our findings suggest that their coadministration is even more powerful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Tunc Ata
- Department of Physiology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Günfer Turgut
- Department of Physiology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Metin Akbulut
- Department of Pathology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ali Kocyigit
- Department of Radiology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Aysun Karabulut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hande Senol
- Department of Biostatistics, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sebahat Turgut
- Department of Physiology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M, Borji A, Hasanzadeh M, Jabbari F, Farkhondeh T, Samini M. Inhibitory and Cytotoxic Activities of Chrysin on Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells by Induction of Apoptosis. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S436-S440. [PMID: 27761071 PMCID: PMC5068120 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.191453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Chrysin, an active natural bioflavonoid found in honey and many plant extracts, was first known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The fact that antioxidants have several inhibitory effects against different diseases, such as cancer, led to search for food rich in antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of chrysin on the cultured human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Materials and Methods: Cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium and treated with different chrysin concentrations for three consecutive days. Cell viability was quantitated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate. Results: The MTT assay showed that chrysin had an antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The 50% cell growth inhibition values for chrysin against MCF-7 cells were 19.5 and 9.2 μM after 48 and 72 h, respectively. Chrysin induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells as determined by flow cytometry. Chrysin inhibits the growth of the breast cancer cells by inducing cancer cell apoptosis which may, in part, explain its anticancer activity. Conclusion: This study shows that chrysin could also be considered as a promising chemotherapeutic agent and anticancer activity in treatment of the breast cancer cells in future. SUMMARY Chrysin had an antiproliferative effect on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner Chrysin induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, as determined by flow cytometry Chrysin inhibits the growth of the breast cancer cells by inducing cancer cell apoptosis Chrysin may have anticancer activity.
Abbreviations used: Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), normal fibroblast mouse (L929).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abasalt Borji
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farahzad Jabbari
- Allergy Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Immunogenetic and Cell Culture, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samini
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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47
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Neuroprotective therapeutics from botanicals and phytochemicals against Huntington's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. J Herb Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wu A, Noble EE, Tyagi E, Ying Z, Zhuang Y, Gomez-Pinilla F. Curcumin boosts DHA in the brain: Implications for the prevention of anxiety disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:951-61. [PMID: 25550171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dietary deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3; DHA) is linked to the neuropathology of several cognitive disorders, including anxiety. DHA, which is essential for brain development and protection, is primarily obtained through the diet or synthesized from dietary precursors, however the conversion efficiency is low. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), which is a principal component of the spice turmeric, complements the action of DHA in the brain, and this study was performed to determine molecular mechanisms involved. We report that curcumin enhances the synthesis of DHA from its precursor, α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3; ALA) and elevates levels of enzymes involved in the synthesis of DHA such as FADS2 and elongase 2 in both liver and brain tissues. Furthermore, in vivo treatment with curcumin and ALA reduced anxiety-like behavior in rodents. Taken together, these data suggest that curcumin enhances DHA synthesis, resulting in elevated brain DHA content. These findings have important implications for human health and the prevention of cognitive disease, particularly for populations eating a plant-based diet or who do not consume fish, a primary source of DHA, since DHA is essential for brain function and its deficiency is implicated in many types of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Wu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emily E Noble
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ethika Tyagi
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhe Ying
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yumei Zhuang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Panahi Y, Badeli R, Karami GR, Sahebkar A. Investigation of the Efficacy of Adjunctive Therapy with Bioavailability-Boosted Curcuminoids in Major Depressive Disorder. Phytother Res 2014; 29:17-21. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Roghayeh Badeli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Gholam-Reza Karami
- Department of Psychiatry; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Australia
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Ameliorative effect of saffron aqueous extract on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress on diabetic encephalopathy in streptozotocin induced experimental diabetes mellitus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:920857. [PMID: 25114929 PMCID: PMC4119909 DOI: 10.1155/2014/920857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy is one of the severe complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Findings indicate that saffron extract has antioxidant properties but its underlying beneficial effects on diabetic encephalopathy were unclear. In the present study, the protective activities of saffron were evaluated in diabetic encephalopathy. Saffron at 40 and 80 mg/kg significantly increased body weight and serum TNF-α and decreased blood glucose levels, glycosylated serum proteins, and serum advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) levels. Furthermore, significant increase in HDL and decrease (P<0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL were observed after 28 days of treatment. At the end of experiments, the hippocampus tissue was used for determination of glutathione content (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities. Furthermore, saffron significantly increased GSH, SOD, and CAT but remarkably decreased cognitive deficit, serum TNF-α, and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in hippocampus tissue. Our findings indicated that saffron extract may reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia risk and also reduce the oxidative stress in diabetic encephalopathy rats. This study suggested that saffron extract might be a promising candidate for the improvement of chemically induced diabetes and its complications.
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