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Zhang C, Ge L, Xie H, Liu X, Xun C, Chen Y, Chen H, Lu M, Chen P. Retinoic acid induced specific changes in the phosphoproteome of C17.2 neural stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18205. [PMID: 38506089 PMCID: PMC10951872 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A derivative, is an effective cell differentiating factor which plays critical roles in neuronal differentiation induction and the production of neurotransmitters in neurons. However, the specific changes in phosphorylation levels and downstream signalling pathways associated with RA remain unclear. This study employed qualitative and quantitative phosphoproteomics approaches based on mass spectrometry to investigate the phosphorylation changes induced by RA in C17.2 neural stem cells (NSCs). Dimethyl labelling, in conjunction with TiO2 phosphopeptide enrichment, was utilized to profile the phosphoproteome of self-renewing and RA-induced differentiated cells in C17.2 NSCs. The results of our study revealed that, qualitatively, 230 and 14 phosphoproteins were exclusively identified in the self-renewal and RA-induced groups respectively. Quantitatively, we successfully identified and quantified 177 unique phosphoproteins, among which 70 exhibited differential phosphorylation levels. Analysis of conserved phosphorylation motifs demonstrated enrichment of motifs corresponding to cyclin-dependent kinase and MAPK in the RA-induced group. Additionally, through a comprehensive literature and database survey, we found that the differentially expressed proteins were associated with the Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo signalling pathways. This work sheds light on the changes in phosphorylation levels induced by RA in C17.2 NSCs, thereby expanding our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying RA-induced neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Lite Ge
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated HospitalHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Huali Xie
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Chengfeng Xun
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Yan Chen
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Ming Lu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Ping Chen
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
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2
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Alsharief M. How Do Retinoids Affect Alzheimer's Disease and Can They Be Novel Drug Candidates? Cureus 2024; 16:e57548. [PMID: 38572181 PMCID: PMC10990449 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic, neurological condition that faces many challenges in its management and therapy nowadays highlighting the importance and urgent need of researching new ways of approaching this disease. Retinoic acid and its derivatives, collectively known as the retinoids, are considered promising agents that have disease-modifying properties in affecting Alzheimer's disease. This thesis aims to address the research questions of what the role of retinoids is in Alzheimer's disease, and whether they can be used as a novel drug candidate for treating this condition. Retinoids' properties and agonistic actions on the nuclear receptors retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoic X receptor (RXR) affect various pathways as well as their underlying genetic factors that compose important pathophysiological hallmarks causing the progression of Alzheimer's disease as amyloid β (Aβ) production and deposition, neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation and phosphorylation, and inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Retinoic acid inhibits the amplification of these pathways and modifies the disease progression in animal models, proposing a solid basis for human trials. Hence, investigating retinoids as pharmacological agents in human trials has been conducted, and several synthetic analogues have been developed to address issues concerning retinoic acid's instability and short half-life, as well as adverse drug reactions. The most prominent of these analogues is tamibarotene, a stable retinoic acid derivative with a higher half-life, higher specificity to target receptors, and fewer adverse reactions. A number of criteria that explain what a novel drug candidate should have when managing Alzheimer's disease have been formulated, and which also explain why most novel drug candidates other than retinoic acid have failed in achieving clinical results. Most of these candidates share one common trait which is a single-target approach in targeting disease pathways. This means that when administering these agents, their actions are to target a single disease-causing pathway at a time but do not affect other pathways. On the other hand, tamibarotene is a novel drug candidate that targets a range of pathways at once and provides a more comprehensive approach in its pharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Alsharief
- International Postgraduate Medical Training Scheme (IPGMTS), University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, GBR
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3
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Chen Y, Zhou Y, Cai J, Xu J, Hu C, Chen H, Hong Y, Pan N, Jiang Y, Zhou C, Wei H, Xu Z, Liu L, Wu X, Cui W. The activation of RARα prevents surgery-induced cognitive impairments via the inhibition of neuroinflammation and the restoration of synaptic proteins in elderly mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111772. [PMID: 38432148 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a multi-etiological symptom mainly occurred in elderly people after surgery. The activation of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα), a transcriptional factor, was previously predicated to be negatively associated with the occurrence of POCD. However, the mechanisms underlying anti-POCD effects of RARα were still unclear. In this study, AM580, a selective agonist of RARα, and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a pan agonist of RAR, significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction and increased the expression of RARα in elderly mice after surgery, which was decreased by RO41-5253, an antagonist of RARα. A bioinformatic study further predicted that the activation of RARα might produce anti-POCD effects via the restoration of synaptic proteins. Both agonists inhibited the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) and the phosphorylation of nuclear factorkappa-B (NF-κB), leading to the prevention of microglial over-activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion in the hippocampal regions of elderly mice after surgery. Moreover, AM580 and ATRA increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). All these results suggested that the activation of RARα prevented surgery-induced cognitive impairments via the inhibition of neuroinflammation by the reduction of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway and the restoration of synaptic proteins by the activation of the BDNF/ERK/CREB pathway, providing a further support that RARα could be developed as a therapeutic target for POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinhan Cai
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chenwei Hu
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Huiyue Chen
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yirui Hong
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Nanyi Pan
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Wei Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Guarnieri L, Bosco F, Leo A, Citraro R, Palma E, De Sarro G, Mollace V. Impact of micronutrients and nutraceuticals on cognitive function and performance in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102210. [PMID: 38296163 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major global health problem today and is the most common form of dementia. AD is characterized by the formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary clusters, leading to decreased brain acetylcholine levels in the brain. Another mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of AD is the abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein that accumulates at the level of neurofibrillary aggregates, and the areas most affected by this pathological process are usually the cholinergic neurons in cortical, subcortical, and hippocampal areas. These effects result in decreased cognitive function, brain atrophy, and neuronal death. Malnutrition and weight loss are the most frequent manifestations of AD, and these are also associated with greater cognitive decline. Several studies have confirmed that a balanced low-calorie diet and proper nutritional intake may be considered important factors in counteracting or slowing the progression of AD, whereas a high-fat or hypercholesterolemic diet predisposes to an increased risk of developing AD. Especially, fruits, vegetables, antioxidants, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and micronutrients supplementation exert positive effects on aging-related changes in the brain due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and radical scavenging properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize some possible nutritional factors that may contribute to the progression or prevention of AD, understand the role that nutrition plays in the formation of Aβ plaques typical of this neurodegenerative disease, to identify some potential therapeutic strategies that may involve some natural compounds, in delaying the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Guarnieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Antonio Leo
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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5
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Bernardi M, Vernizzi M, Baraldi L, Balog S, Bassanetti I, Sgarbi E, Fornasari L, Arrigoni C, Cardarelli F. Phasor-FLIM-guided unraveling of ATRA supramolecular organization in liposomal nanoformulations. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19085-19090. [PMID: 37991853 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03420h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Here we use fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to study the supramolecular organization of nanoencapsulated liposomal all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), exploiting ATRA's intrinsic fluorescence as a source of signal and phasor transformation as a fit-free analytical approach to lifetime data. Our non-invasive method is suitable for checking for the presence of a fraction of ATRA molecules interacting with liposomal membranes. The results are validated by independent small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and nano-differential scanning calorimetry (NanoDSC) measurements, probing ATRA's putative position on the membrane and effect on membrane organization. Besides the insights on the specific case-study proposed, the present results confirm the effectiveness of Phasor-FLIM analysis in elucidating the nanoscale supramolecular organization of fluorescent drugs in pharmaceutical formulations. This underscores the importance of leveraging advanced imaging techniques to deepen our understanding and optimize drugs' performance in delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bernardi
- Laboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Baraldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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6
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Almaguer J, Hindle A, Lawrence JJ. The Contribution of Hippocampal All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Deficiency to Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Overview of ATRA-Dependent Gene Expression in Post-Mortem Hippocampal Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1921. [PMID: 38001775 PMCID: PMC10669734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that vitamin A (VA) deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a metabolite of VA in the brain, serves distinct roles in the human hippocampus. Agonists of retinoic acid receptors (RAR), including ATRA, promote activation of the non-amyloidogenic pathway by enhancing expression of α-secretases, providing a mechanistic basis for delaying/preventing amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity. However, whether ATRA is actually deficient in the hippocampi of patients with AD is not clear. Here, using a publicly available human transcriptomic dataset, we evaluated the extent to which ATRA-sensitive genes are dysregulated in hippocampal tissue from post-mortem AD brains, relative to age-matched controls. Consistent with ATRA deficiency, we found significant dysregulation of many ATRA-sensitive genes and significant upregulation of RAR co-repressors, supporting the idea of transcriptional repression of ATRA-mediated signaling. Consistent with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, Nrf2 and NfkB transcripts were upregulated, respectively. Interestingly, transcriptional targets of Nrf2 were not upregulated, accompanied by upregulation of several histone deacetylases. Overall, our investigation of ATRA-sensitive genes in the human hippocampus bolsters the scientific premise of ATRA depletion in AD and that epigenetic factors should be considered and addressed as part of VA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Almaguer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Ashly Hindle
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - J. Josh Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Garrison Institute on Aging, Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, and Center of Excellence for Integrated Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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7
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Xia Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Li J, Li Z, Zhu J, Zhou Q, Yang J, Chen Q, Meng X. Combined effects of lead and manganese on locomotor activity and microbiota in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115260. [PMID: 37487434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) during early life influences neurodevelopment and increases the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the level of developmental neurotoxicity due to combined exposure to the two metals remains unclear. Although the microbiota plays an essential part in the development of the nervous system via the gut-brain axis, there is a paucity of information regarding the interactions between exposure to Pb and Mn, the destruction of the microbiome, and neurodevelopmental impacts. To fill in this knowledge gap, we investigated the developmental neurotoxicity and effects on the microbiota of Pb (0.05 mg·L-1) alone and in combination with Mn (0.3 mg·L-1) in zebrafish larvae. Our results revealed that combined exposure precipitated higher malformation rates and lower locomotor activity levels than exposure to either Pb or Mn alone. Additionally, when we separated the combined exposure group from the other groups by applying unsupervised principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and linear discriminant analysis (LEfSe) of microflora sequencing results, we observed extensive alterations in microbial abundances under combined-exposure conditions. Functional prediction analysis showed that combined exposure contributed to altered amino acid and lipid metabolism, and also that combined exposure to Pb and Mn reflected the greatest number of differentially activated biological pathways compared to the other three groups. ATP-binding cassette G (ABCG) genes and genes related to serotonin signaling and metabolism were altered following combined Pb and Mn exposure and exhibited disparate trends vis-à-vis Pb or Mn exposure alone. According to the results, the combined exposure to Pb and Mn led to more severe effects on both zebrafish locomotor activity and gut microbial composition. We suggest that the microbiota contributes to the combined neurotoxicity by increasing ABCG5 and ABCG8 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoshun Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyi Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Institute of Occupational Health Assessment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingsong Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Bao Y, Rong W, Zhu A, Chen Y, Chen H, Hong Y, Le J, Wang Q, Naman CB, Xu Z, Liu L, Cui W, Wu X. Retinoic Acid Receptor Is a Novel Therapeutic Target for Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2311. [PMID: 37765280 PMCID: PMC10538227 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a clinical syndrome characterizing by cognitive impairments in the elderly after surgery. There is limited effective treatment available or clear pathological mechanisms known for this syndrome. In this study, a Connectivity Map (CMap) bioinformatics model of POCD was established by using differently expressed landmark genes in the serum samples of POCD and non-POCD patients from the only human transcriptome study. The predictability and reliability of this model were further supported by the positive CMap scores of known POCD inducers and the negative CMap scores of anti-POCD drug candidates. Most retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists were negatively associated with POCD in this CMap model, suggesting that RAR might be a novel target for POCD. Most importantly, acitretin, a clinically used RAR agonist, significantly inhibited surgery-induced cognitive impairments and prevented the reduction in RARα and RARα-target genes in the hippocampal regions of aged mice. The study denotes a reliable CMap bioinformatics model of POCD for future use and establishes that RAR is a novel therapeutic target for treating this clinical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.B.)
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wenni Rong
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - An Zhu
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Huiyue Chen
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yirui Hong
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jingyang Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.B.)
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.B.)
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - C. Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.B.)
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.B.)
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.B.)
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.B.)
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9
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Bohn T, Hellman-Regen J, de Lera AR, Böhm V, Rühl R. Human nutritional relevance and suggested nutritional guidelines for vitamin A5/X and provitamin A5/X. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:34. [PMID: 37582723 PMCID: PMC10426203 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last century, vitamin A was identified that included the nutritional relevant vitamin A1 / provitamin A1, as well as the vitamin A2 pathway concept. Globally, nutritional guidelines have focused on vitamin A1 with simplified recommendations and calculations based solely on vitamin A. The vitamin A / provitamin A terminology described vitamin A with respect to acting as a precursor of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of the visual pigment, as well as retinoic acid(s), being ligand(s) of the nuclear hormone receptors retinoic acid receptors (RARs) α, β and γ. All-trans-retinoic acid was conclusively shown to be the endogenous RAR ligand, while the concept of its isomer 9-cis-retinoic acid, being "the" endogenous ligand of the retinoid-X receptors (RXRs), remained inconclusive. Recently, 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid was conclusively reported as an endogenous RXR ligand, and a direct nutritional precursor was postulated in 2018 and further confirmed by Rühl, Krezel and de Lera in 2021. This was further termed vitamin A5/X / provitamin A5/X. In this review, a new vitamin A5/X / provitamin A5/X concept is conceptualized in parallel to the vitamin A(1) / provitamin A(1) concept for daily dietary intake and towards dietary guidelines, with a focus on the existing national and international regulations for the physiological and nutritional relevance of vitamin A5/X. The aim of this review is to summarize available evidence and to emphasize gaps of knowledge regarding vitamin A5/X, based on new and older studies and proposed future directions as well as to stimulate and propose adapted nutritional regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute and Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Julian Hellman-Regen
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Section Neurobiology, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, CINBIO and IBIV, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralph Rühl
- CISCAREX UG, Transvaalstr. 27c, 13351, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Manna PR, Reddy AP, Pradeepkiran JA, Kshirsagar S, Reddy PH. Regulation of retinoid mediated StAR transcription and steroidogenesis in hippocampal neuronal cells: Implications for StAR in protecting Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166596. [PMID: 36356843 PMCID: PMC9772146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) play pivotal roles in diverse processes, ranging from homeostasis to neurodegeneration, which are also influenced by steroid hormones. The rate-limiting step in steroid biosynthesis is mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. In the present study, we demonstrate that retinoids enhanced StAR expression and pregnenolone biosynthesis, and these parameters were markedly augmented by activation of the PKA pathway in mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells. Deletion and mutational analyses of the 5'-flanking regions of the StAR gene revealed the importance of a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR)-liver X receptor (LXR) heterodimeric motif at -200/-185 bp region in retinoid responsiveness. The RAR/RXR-LXR sequence motif can bind RARα and RXRα, and retinoid regulated transcription of the StAR gene was found to be influenced by the LXR pathway, representing signaling cross-talk in hippocampal neurosteroid biosynthesis. Steroidogenesis decreases during senescence due to declines in the central nervous system and the endocrine system, and results in hormone deficiencies, inferring the need for hormonal balance for healthy aging. Loss of neuronal cells, involving accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and/or phosphorylated Tau within the brain, is the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). HT22 cells overexpressing either mutant APP (mAPP) or mutant Tau (mTau), conditions mimetic to AD, enhanced toxicities, and resulted in attenuation of both basal and retinoid-responsive StAR and pregnenolone levels. Co-expression of StAR with either mAPP or mTau diminished cytotoxicity, and concomitantly elevated neurosteroid biosynthesis, pointing to a protective role of StAR in AD. These findings provide insights into the molecular events by which retinoid signaling upregulates StAR and steroid levels in hippocampal neuronal cells, and StAR, by rescuing mAPP and/or mTau-induced toxicities, modulates neurosteroidogenesis and restores hormonal balance, which may have important implications in protecting AD and age-related complications and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak R Manna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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11
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Pandey SN, Singh G, Semwal BC, Gupta G, Alharbi KS, Almalki WH, Albratty M, Najmi A, Meraya AM. Therapeutic approaches of nutraceuticals in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14426. [PMID: 36169224 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological illness that causes memory loss over time. Currently, available pharmaceutical medicines and products are limited, and they have side effects at a higher price. Researchers and scientists have observed significant effects of nutraceuticals. Various preclinical and clinical studies were investigated for the Anti-Alzheimer's activity of nutraceuticals. The increasing ability of the pathogenesis of AD has led to the analysis of novel therapeutic targets, including the pathophysiological mechanisms and distinct cascades. So, current improvement will show the most adequate and prominent nutraceuticals and suggested concise mechanisms involving autophagy regulation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, mitochondrial homeostasis, and others. The effects of nutraceuticals cannot be ignored; it is important to investigate high-quality clinical trials. Given the potential of nutraceuticals to battle AD as multi-targeted therapies, it's vital to evaluate them as viable lead compounds for drug discovery and development. To the best of the authors 'knowledge, modification of blood-brain barrier permeability, bioavailability, and aspects of randomized clinical trials should be considered in prospective investigations. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Advancements in molecular diagnostic and fundamentals have implemented particular usefulness for drug evaluation. An excess of experimental knowledge occurs regarding the effect of nutraceuticals on AD. There are various preclinical and clinical studies that have been done on nutraceuticals. In addition, various substitute inhibit and enhance some pathophysiological levels associated with AD. Nutraceuticals are easily available and have fewer side effects with cost-effective advantages. However, further investigations and clinical trials are required to encourage its effect on disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Nath Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, UP, India
| | - Gurfateh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupesh Chander Semwal
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India.,Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Weller AE, Ferraro TN, Doyle GA, Reiner BC, Crist RC, Berrettini WH. Single Nucleus Transcriptome Data from Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models Yield New Insight into Pathophysiology. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1233-1247. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: 5XFAD humanized mutant mice and Trem2 knockout (T2KO) mice are two mouse models relevant to the study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related pathology. Objective: To determine hippocampal transcriptomic and polyadenylation site usage alterations caused by genetic mutations engineered in 5XFAD and T2KO mice. Methods: Employing a publicly available single-nucleus RNA sequencing dataset, we used Seurat and Sierra analytic programs to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential transcript usage (DTU), respectively, in hippocampal cell types from each of the two mouse models. We analyzed cell type-specific DEGs further using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results: We identified several DEGs in both neuronal and glial cell subtypes in comparisons of wild type (WT) versus 5XFAD and WT versus T2KO mice, including Ttr, Fth1, Pcsk1n, Malat1, Rpl37, Rtn1, Sepw1, Uba52, Mbp, Arl6ip5, Gm26917, Vwa1, and Pgrmc1. We also observed DTU in common between the two comparisons in neuronal and glial subtypes, specifically in the genes Prnp, Rbm4b, Pnisr, Opcml, Cpne7, Adgrb1, Gabarapl2, Ubb, Ndfip1, Car11, and Stmn4. IPA identified three statistically significant canonical pathways that appeared in multiple cell types and that overlapped between 5XFAD and T2KO comparisons to WT, including ‘FXR/RXR Activation’, ‘LXR/RXR Activation’, and ‘Acute Phase Response Signaling’. Conclusion: DEG, DTU, and IPA findings, derived from two different mouse models of AD, highlight the importance of energy imbalance and inflammatory processes in specific hippocampal cell types, including subtypes of neurons and glial cells, in the development of AD-related pathology. Additional studies are needed to further characterize these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Weller
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas N. Ferraro
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Glenn A. Doyle
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Reiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard C. Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wade H. Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Behl T, Kaur D, Sehgal A, Singla RK, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Bungau S. Therapeutic insights elaborating the potential of retinoids in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976799. [PMID: 36091826 PMCID: PMC9453874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is perceived with various pathophysiological characteristics such oxidative stress, senile plaques, neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmission immunological changes, neurodegenerative pathways, and age-linked alterations. A great deal of studies even now are carried out for comprehensive understanding of pathological processes of AD, though many agents are in clinical trials for the treatment of AD. Retinoids and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are pertinent to such attributes of the disease. Retinoids support the proper functioning of the immunological pathways, and are very potent immunomodulators. The nervous system relies heavily on retinoic acid signaling. The disruption of retinoid signaling relates to several pathogenic mechanisms in the normal brain. Retinoids play critical functions in the neuronal organization, differentiation, and axonal growth in the normal functioning of the brain. Disturbed retinoic acid signaling causes inflammatory responses, mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Retinoids interfere with the production and release of neuroinflammatory chemokines and cytokines which are located to be activated in the pathogenesis of AD. Also, stimulating nuclear retinoid receptors reduces amyloid aggregation, lowers neurodegeneration, and thus restricts Alzheimer’s disease progression in preclinical studies. We outlined the physiology of retinoids in this review, focusing on their possible neuroprotective actions, which will aid in elucidating the critical function of such receptors in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
| | - Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Sytems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
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14
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Amylin and Secretases in the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070996. [PMID: 35883551 PMCID: PMC9312829 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease remains a prevailing neurodegenerative condition which has an array physical, emotional, and financial consequences to patients and society. In the past decade, there has been a greater degree of investigation on therapeutic small peptides. This group of biomolecules have a profile of fundamentally sound characteristics which make them an intriguing area for drug development. Among these biomolecules, there are four modulatory mechanisms of interest in this review: alpha-, beta-, gamma-secretases, and amylin. These protease-based biomolecules all have a contributory role in the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Moreover, the involvement of various biochemical pathways intertwines these peptides to have shared regulators (i.e., retinoids). Further clinical and translational investigation must occur to gain a greater understanding of its potential application in patient care. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the contemporary literature on these protease biomolecule modulators and determine its utility in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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15
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Weller AE, Doyle GA, Reiner BC, Crist RC, Berrettini WH. Analysis of differential gene expression and transcript usage in hippocampus of Apoe null mutant mice: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Res 2022; 176:85-89. [PMID: 34757086 PMCID: PMC8960320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A dataset of single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) data was analyzed using Seurat, Sierra, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) programs to assess differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential transcript usage (DTU) in mouse hippocampal cell types. Seurat identified DEGs between the wild type (WT) and Apoe knockout (EKO) mice. IPA identified 11 statistically significant canonical pathways in >1 cell type. Sierra identified Sipa1l1 with DTU between WT and EKO samples. Analysis of the Sipa1l1 peak region identified an alternative non-canonical polyadenylation signal and a putative cytoplasmic polyadenylation element. APOE regulation of gene transcription and co-transcriptional RNA processing may underlie Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Weller
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, Corresponding author: Andrew E. Weller, MD, 125 S. 31 St., room 2208-2, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Office: (215) 898-6417, Fax: (215) 573-2041,
| | - Glenn A. Doyle
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Benjamin C. Reiner
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Richard C. Crist
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Wade H. Berrettini
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
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16
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Tian Y, Liu B, Li Y, Zhang Y, Shao J, Wu P, Xu C, Chen G, Shi H. Activation of RARα Receptor Attenuates Neuroinflammation After SAH via Promoting M1-to-M2 Phenotypic Polarization of Microglia and Regulating Mafb/Msr1/PI3K-Akt/NF-κB Pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:839796. [PMID: 35237277 PMCID: PMC8882645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening subtype of stroke with high rates of mortality. In the early stages of SAH, neuroinflammation is one of the important mechanisms leading to brain injury after SAH. In various central nervous system diseases, activation of RARα receptor has been proven to demonstrate neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of RARα receptor activation after SAH. Methods Internal carotid artery puncture method used to established SAH model in Sprague-Dawley rats. The RARα specific agonist Am80 was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour after SAH. AGN196996 (specific RARα inhibitor), Msr1 siRNA and LY294002 (PI3K-Akt inhibitor) were administered via the lateral ventricle before SAH. Evaluation SAH grade, neurological function score, blood-brain barrier permeability. BV2 cells and SH-SY5Y cells were co-cultured and stimulated by oxyhemoglobin to establish an in vitro model of SAH. RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were used to investigate pathway-related proteins, microglia activation and inflammatory response. Results: The expression of RARα, Mafb, and Msr1 increased in rat brain tissue after SAH. Activation of the RARα receptor with Am80 improved neurological deficits and attenuated brain edema, blood brain barrier permeability. Am80 increased the expression of Mafb and Msr1, and reduced neuroinflammation by enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt and by inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB. AGN196996, Msr1 siRNA, and LY294002 reversed the therapeutic effects of Am80 by reducing the expression of Msr1 and the phosphorylation of Akt. In vitro model of SAH, Am80 promoted M1-to-M2 phenotypic polarization in microglia and suppressed the nuclear transcription of NF-κB. Conclusion Activation of the RARα receptor attenuated neuroinflammation by promoting M1-to-M2 phenotypic polarization in microglia and regulating the Mafb/Msr1/PI3K-Akt/NF-κB pathway. RARα might serve as a potential target for SAH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Binbing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiang Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangduo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Huaizhang Shi,
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17
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Liu Z, Mao X, Dan Z, Pei Y, Xu R, Guo M, Liu K, Zhang F, Chen J, Su C, Zhuang Y, Tang J, Xia Y, Qin L, Hu Z, Liu X. Gene variations in autism spectrum disorder are associated with alteration of gut microbiota, metabolites and cytokines. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-16. [PMID: 33412999 PMCID: PMC7808426 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1854967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic variations and dysbiosis of gut microbiota are associated with ASD. However, the role of the microbiota in the etiology of ASD in terms of host genetic susceptibility remains unclear. This study aims to systematically explore the interplay between host genetic variation and gut microbiota in ASD children. Whole-exon sequencing was applied to 26 ASD children and 26 matched controls to identify the single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in ASD. Our previous study revealed alteration in gut microbiota and disorder of metabolism activity in ASD for this cohort. Systematic bioinformatic analyses were further performed to identify associations between SNVs and gut microbiota, as well as their metabolites. The ASD SNVs were significantly enriched in genes associated with innate immune response, protein glycosylation process, and retrograde axonal transport. These SNVs were also correlated with the microbiome composition and a broad aspect of microbial functions, especially metabolism. Additionally, the abundance of metabolites involved in the metabolic network of neurotransmitters was inferred to be causally related to specific SNVs and microbes. Furthermore, our data suggested that the interaction of host genetics and gut microbes may play a crucial role in the immune and metabolism homeostasis of ASD. This study may provide valuable clues to investigate the interaction of host genetic variations and gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhua Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhou Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Najing, China
| | - Yang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kangjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Najing, China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Najing, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junming Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianhong Qin
- Children Growth Center of Bo’ai Homestead in Yixing, Yixing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Najing, China,CONTACT Xingyin Liu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Gobal Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
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18
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Research Progress in Vitamin A and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:5417497. [PMID: 34917197 PMCID: PMC8670912 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5417497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Over the past few decades, many studies have investigated the effects of VA supplementation in ASD patients and the relationship between vitamin A (VA) levels and ASD. VA is an essential micronutrient that plays an important role in various systems and biological processes in the form of retinoic acid (RA). Recent studies have shown that serum VA concentration is negatively correlated with the severity of ASD. The lack of VA during pregnancy or early fetal development can affect brain development and lead to long-term or even permanent impairment in the learning process, memory formation, and cognitive function. In addition, VA deficiency has been reported to have a major impact on the gastrointestinal function of children with ASD, while VA supplementation has been shown to improve the symptoms of ASD to a certain extent. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the relationship between VA and ASD.
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19
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Biyong EF, Tremblay C, Leclerc M, Caron V, Alfos S, Helbling JC, Rodriguez L, Pernet V, Bennett DA, Pallet V, Calon F. Role of Retinoid X Receptors (RXRs) and dietary vitamin A in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from clinicopathological and preclinical studies. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 161:105542. [PMID: 34737043 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A (VitA), via its active metabolite retinoic acid (RA), is critical for the maintenance of memory function with advancing age. Although its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not well understood, data suggest that impaired brain VitA signaling is associated with the accumulation of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ), and could thus contribute to the onset of AD. METHODS We evaluated the protective action of a six-month-long dietary VitA-supplementation (20 IU/g), starting at 8 months of age, on the memory and the neuropathology of the 3xTg-AD mouse model of AD (n = 11-14/group; including 4-6 females and 7-8 males). We also measured protein levels of Retinoic Acid Receptor β (RARβ) and Retinoid X Receptor γ (RXRγ) in homogenates from the inferior parietal cortex of 60 participants of the Religious Orders study (ROS) divided in three groups: no cognitive impairment (NCI) (n = 20), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 20) and AD (n = 20). RESULTS The VitA-enriched diet preserved spatial memory of 3xTg-AD mice in the Y maze. VitA-supplementation affected hippocampal RXR expression in an opposite way according to sex by tending to increase in males and decrease in females their mRNA expression. VitA-enriched diet also reduced the amount of hippocampal Aβ40 and Aβ42, as well as the phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser396/Ser404 (PHF-1) in males. VitA-supplementation had no effect on tau phosphorylation in females but worsened their hippocampal Aβ load. However, the expression of Rxr-β in the hippocampus was negatively correlated with the amount of both soluble and insoluble Aβ in both males and females. Western immunoblotting in the human cortical samples of the ROS study did not reveal differences in RARβ levels. However, it evidenced a switch from a 60-kDa-RXRγ to a 55-kDa-RXRγ in AD, correlating with ante mortem cognitive decline and the accumulation of neuritic plaques in the brain cortex. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that (i) an altered expression of RXRs receptors is a contributor to β-amyloid pathology in both humans and 3xTg-AD mice, (ii) a chronic exposure of 3xTg-AD mice to a VitA-enriched diet may be protective in males, but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi F Biyong
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada; LIA OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Vicky Caron
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Alfos
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Léa Rodriguez
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Pernet
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; LIA OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada; LIA OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Canada.
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20
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Bayraktar A, Lam S, Altay O, Li X, Yuan M, Zhang C, Arif M, Turkez H, Uhlén M, Shoaie S, Mardinoglu A. Revealing the Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Network Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11556. [PMID: 34768988 PMCID: PMC8584243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) emphasises the need for comprehensive modelling of the disease, which may lead to the development of efficient treatment strategies. To address this challenge, we analysed transcriptome data of post-mortem human brain samples of healthy elders and individuals with late-onset AD from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP) and Mayo Clinic (MayoRNAseq) studies in the AMP-AD consortium. In this context, we conducted several bioinformatics and systems medicine analyses including the construction of AD-specific co-expression networks and genome-scale metabolic modelling of the brain in AD patients to identify key genes, metabolites and pathways involved in the progression of AD. We identified AMIGO1 and GRPRASP2 as examples of commonly altered marker genes in AD patients. Moreover, we found alterations in energy metabolism, represented by reduced oxidative phosphorylation and ATPase activity, as well as the depletion of hexanoyl-CoA, pentanoyl-CoA, (2E)-hexenoyl-CoA and numerous other unsaturated fatty acids in the brain. We also observed that neuroprotective metabolites (e.g., vitamins, retinoids and unsaturated fatty acids) tend to be depleted in the AD brain, while neurotoxic metabolites (e.g., β-alanine, bilirubin) were more abundant. In summary, we systematically revealed the key genes and pathways related to the progression of AD, gained insight into the crucial mechanisms of AD and identified some possible targets that could be used in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulahad Bayraktar
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.B.); (S.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Simon Lam
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.B.); (S.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Ozlem Altay
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Meng Yuan
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.B.); (S.L.); (S.S.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.B.); (S.L.); (S.S.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
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21
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Pedrero-Prieto CM, Frontiñán-Rubio J, Alcaín FJ, Durán-Prado M, Peinado JR, Rabanal-Ruiz Y. Biological Significance of the Protein Changes Occurring in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Getting Clues from Proteomic Studies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1655. [PMID: 34573996 PMCID: PMC8467255 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) deeply irrigates the brain together with the relative simplicity of sample extraction from patients make this biological fluid the best target for biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases. During the last decade, biomarker discovery has been especially fruitful for the identification new proteins that appear in the CSF of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients together with amyloid-β (Aβ42), total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). Thus, several proteins have been already stablished as important biomarkers, due to an increase (i.e., CHI3L1) or a decrease (i.e., VGF) in AD patients' CSF. Notwithstanding this, only a deep analysis of a database generated with all the changes observed in CSF across multiple proteomic studies, and especially those using state-of-the-art methodologies, may expose those components or metabolic pathways disrupted at different levels in AD. Deep comparative analysis of all the up- and down-regulated proteins across these studies revealed that 66% of the most consistent protein changes in CSF correspond to intracellular proteins. Interestingly, processes such as those associated to glucose metabolism or RXR signaling appeared inversely represented in CSF from AD patients in a significant manner. Herein, we discuss whether certain cellular processes constitute accurate indicators of AD progression by examining CSF. Furthermore, we uncover new CSF AD markers, such as ITAM, PTPRZ or CXL16, identified by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Pedrero-Prieto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Frontiñán-Rubio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
| | - Francisco J. Alcaín
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
| | - Mario Durán-Prado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
| | - Juan R. Peinado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
| | - Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
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22
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Dorman G, Flores I, Gutiérrez C, Castaño RF, Aldecoa M, Kim L. Medicinal herbs and nutritional supplements for dementia therapy: potential therapeutic targets and clinical evidence. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:26-51. [PMID: 34370647 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210809121230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spices and herbs have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. Also, in the last decades, the use of different nutritional supplements has been implemented to treat all kinds of diseases, including those that present an alteration in cognitive functioning. Dementia is a clinical syndrome in which a person's mental and cognitive capacities gradually decline. As the disease progresses, the person's autonomy diminishes. As there is not an effective treatment to prevent progressive deterioration in many of these pathologies, nutritional interventions have been, and still are, one of the most widely explored therapeutic possibilities. In this review, we have discussed a great number of potentially interesting plants, nutritional derivatives and probiotics for the treatment of dementia around the world. Their action mechanisms generally involve neuroprotective effects via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, b-amyloid and tau anti-aggregate actions; brain blood flow improvement, and effects on synaptic cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, which may optimize cognitive performance in patients with cognitive impairment. As for their efficacy in patients with cognitive impairment and/or dementias, evidence is still scarce and/or their outcomes are controversial. We consider that many of these substances have promising therapeutic properties. Therefore, the scientific community has to continue with a more complete research focused on both identifying possible action mechanisms and carrying out clinical trials, preferably randomized double-blind ones, with a greater number of patients, a long-term follow-up, dose standardization and the use of current diagnosis criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Dorman
- Division of Neurology, Ramos Mejia Hospital. Argentina
| | - Ignacio Flores
- Neuroscience Institute, Favaloro Foundation Hospital. Argentina
| | | | | | - Mayra Aldecoa
- Division of Neurology, Ramos Mejia Hospital. Argentina
| | - Leandro Kim
- Division of Neurology, Ramos Mejia Hospital. Argentina
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23
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Goldfarb S, Fainstein N, Ganz T, Vershkov D, Lachish M, Ben-Hur T. Electric neurostimulation regulates microglial activation via retinoic acid receptor α signaling. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:40-53. [PMID: 33989746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain stimulation by electroconvulsive therapy is effective in neuropsychiatric disorders by unknown mechanisms. Microglial toxicity plays key role in neuropsychiatric, neuroinflammatory and degenerative diseases. We examined the mechanism by which electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) regulates microglial phenotype and response to stimuli. Microglial responses were examined by morphological analysis, Iba1 and cytokine expression. ECS did not affect resting microglial phenotype or morphology but regulated their activation by Lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Microglia were isolated after ECS or sham sessions in naïve mice for transcriptome analysis. RNA sequencing identified 141 differentially expressed genes. ECS modulated multiple immune-associated gene families and attenuated neurotoxicity-associated gene expression. Blood brain barrier was examined by injecting Biocytin-TMR tracer. There was no breakdown of the BBB, nor increase in gene-signature of peripheral monocytes, suggesting that ECS effect is mainly on resident microglia. Unbiased analysis of regulatory sequences identified the induction of microglial retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) gene expression and a putative common RARα-binding motif in multiple ECS-upregulated genes. The effects of AM580, a selective RARα agonist on microglial response to LPS was examined in vitro. AM580 prevented LPS-induced cytokine expression and reactive oxygen species production. Chronic murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was utilized to confirm the role RARα signaling as mediator of ECS-induced transcriptional pathway in regulating microglial toxicity. Continuous intracerebroventricular delivery of AM580 attenuated effectively EAE severity. In conclusion, ECS regulates CNS innate immune system responses by activating microglial retinoic acid receptor α pathway, signifying a novel therapeutic approach for chronic neuroinflammatory, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Goldfarb
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Ganz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Vershkov
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marva Lachish
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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24
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Vidal V, Puente A, García-Cerro S, García Unzueta MT, Rueda N, Riancho J, Martínez-Cué C. Bexarotene Impairs Cognition and Produces Hypothyroidism in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:613211. [PMID: 33935706 PMCID: PMC8082148 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.613211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
All individuals with Down syndrome (DS) eventually develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, including neurodegeneration, increases in β-amyloid (Aβ) expression, and aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles, between the third and fourth decade of their lives. There is currently no effective treatment to prevent AD neuropathology and the associated cognitive degeneration in DS patients. Due to evidence that the accumulation of Aβ aggregates in the brain produces the neurodegenerative cascade characteristic of AD, many strategies which promote the clearance of Aβ peptides have been assessed as potential therapeutics for this disease. Bexarotene, a member of a subclass of retinoids that selectively activates retinoid receptors, modulates several pathways essential for cognitive performance and Aβ clearance. Consequently, bexarotene might be a good candidate to treat AD-associated neuropathology. However, the effects of bexarotene treatment in AD remain controversial. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate whether chronic bexarotene treatment administered to the most commonly used murine model of DS, the Ts65Dn (TS) mouse could reduce Aβ expression in their brains and improve their cognitive abilities. Chronic administration of bexarotene to aged TS mice and their CO littermates for 9 weeks diminished the reference, working, and spatial learning and memory of TS mice, and the spatial memory of CO mice in the Morris water maze. This treatment also produced marked hypoactivity in the plus maze, open field, and hole board tests in TS mice, and in the open field and hole board tests in CO mice. Administration of bexarotene reduced the expression of Aβ1-40, but not of Aβ1-42, in the hippocampi of TS mice. Finally, bexarotene increased Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in TS mice and reduced Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in CO mice, while animals of both karyotypes displayed reduced thyroxine levels after bexarotene administration. The bexarotene-induced hypothyroidism could be responsible for the hypoactivity of TS and CO mice and their diminished performance in the Morris water maze. Together, these results do not provide support for the use of bexarotene as a potential treatment of AD neuropathology in the DS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Alba Puente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Riancho
- Neurology Service, Hospital Sierrallana-IDIVAL, Torrelavega, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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25
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Martins LB, Malheiros Silveira AL, Teixeira AL. The link between nutrition and Alzheimer's disease: from prevention to treatment. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2021; 11:155-166. [PMID: 33550870 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. To date, there is no effective pharmacological strategy to slow or stop disease progression. In this context, multiple alternative therapeutic strategies have been investigated for AD. This review addresses the potential role of nutrition interventions in AD prevention and treatment. Nutritional strategies for AD have been based on four pillars: maintaining a healthy weight (i.e., prevention and/or treatment of obesity, especially in midlife and prevention of weight loss in the later stages of AD); correction of nutritional deficiencies; adequate consumption of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), especially those implicated in the pathways of AD pathophysiology; and microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Bhering Martins
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Malheiros Silveira
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antonio Lúcio Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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26
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Marie A, Darricau M, Touyarot K, Parr-Brownlie LC, Bosch-Bouju C. Role and Mechanism of Vitamin A Metabolism in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:949-970. [PMID: 34120916 PMCID: PMC8461657 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that altered retinoic acid signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Retinoic acid is the bioactive derivative of the lipophilic vitamin A. Vitamin A is involved in several important homeostatic processes, such as cell differentiation, antioxidant activity, inflammation and neuronal plasticity. The role of vitamin A and its derivatives in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and their potential as therapeutics, has drawn attention for more than 10 years. However, the literature sits in disparate fields. Vitamin A could act at the crossroad of multiple environmental and genetic factors of PD. The purpose of this review is to outline what is known about the role of vitamin A metabolism in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of PD. We examine key biological systems and mechanisms that are under the control of vitamin A and its derivatives, which are (or could be) exploited for therapeutic potential in PD: the survival of dopaminergic neurons, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, circadian rhythms, homeostasis of the enteric nervous system, and hormonal systems. We focus on the pivotal role of ALDH1A1, an enzyme expressed by dopaminergic neurons for the detoxification of these neurons, which is under the control of retinoic acid. By providing an integrated summary, this review will guide future studies on the potential role of vitamin A in the management of symptoms, health and wellbeing for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaıs Marie
- University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Morgane Darricau
- University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Katia Touyarot
- University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Louise C. Parr-Brownlie
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand (Center of Research Excellence), Dunedin, New Zealand
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27
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Nagai N, Kawashima H, Toda E, Homma K, Osada H, Guzman NA, Shibata S, Uchiyama Y, Okano H, Tsubota K, Ozawa Y. Renin-angiotensin system impairs macrophage lipid metabolism to promote age-related macular degeneration in mouse models. Commun Biol 2020; 3:767. [PMID: 33299105 PMCID: PMC7725839 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, a condition involving obesity and hypertension, increases the risk of aging-associated diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we demonstrated that high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice accumulated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in macrophages through the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). The ox-LDL-loaded macrophages were responsible for visual impairment in HFD mice along with a disorder of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is required for photoreceptor outer segment renewal. RAS repressed ELAVL1, which reduced PPARγ, impeding ABCA1 induction to levels that are sufficient to excrete overloaded cholesterol within the macrophages. The ox-LDL-loaded macrophages expressed inflammatory cytokines and attacked the RPE. An antihypertensive drug, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, resolved the decompensation of lipid metabolism in the macrophages and reversed the RPE condition and visual function in HFD mice. AT1R signaling could be a future therapeutic target for macrophage-associated aging diseases, such as AMD. Nagai et al. show that mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) accumulate oxidized low-density lipoprotein in macrophages through the renin–angiotensin system, which impairs visual function. They find that angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) improves the visual function of HFD mice, suggesting AT1R signaling as a potential therapeutic target for age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Nagai
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kawashima
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eriko Toda
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Homma
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideto Osada
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naymel A Guzman
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan. .,St. Luke's International University, 9-1 Akashi-Cho, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
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Beydoun MA, Canas JA, Fanelli-Kuczmarski MT, Maldonado AI, Shaked D, Kivimaki M, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Association of Antioxidant Vitamins A, C, E and Carotenoids with Cognitive Performance over Time: A Cohort Study of Middle-Aged Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113558. [PMID: 33233594 PMCID: PMC7699702 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids may strengthen the association of antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E with favorable cognitive outcomes over time, though a few prospective studies have examined this hypothesis. We evaluated the longitudinal data from 1251 participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (Age at visit 1 in 2004–2009 (v1): 30–65 years). Vitamins A, C, and E dietary intakes and total and individual dietary carotenoids were computed using two 24-h recalls at v1. Cognitive tests, covering global mental status and domains of memory/learning, attention, psychomotor speed, visuo-spatial, language/verbal, and executive function were conducted at v1 and/or v2 (2009–2013); mean ± SD follow-up: 4.66 ± 0.93 years. Mixed-effects linear regression models detected an interaction between vitamin E and total (and individual) carotenoids for three of 11 cognitive tests at v1, with only one meeting the statistical significance upon multiple testing correction whereby vitamin E was linked with greater verbal memory performance in the uppermost total carotenoid tertile (γ0a = +0.26 ± 0.08, p = 0.002), a synergism largely driven by carotenoid lycopene. Vitamins A and C showed no consistent interactions with carotenoids. In conclusion, we provide partial evidence for synergism between vitamin E and carotenoids in relation to better baseline cognitive performance, pending further studies with time-dependent exposures and randomized trials directly examining this synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A. Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (A.I.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +1-410-558-8236
| | - Jose A. Canas
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA;
| | | | - Ana I. Maldonado
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (A.I.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Danielle Shaked
- Department of Psychology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (A.I.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (A.I.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
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Mielech A, Puścion-Jakubik A, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Socha K. Vitamins in Alzheimer's Disease-Review of the Latest Reports. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113458. [PMID: 33187212 PMCID: PMC7696081 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and the aging of the population means that the number of cases is successively increasing. The cause of the disease has not been established, but it is suggested that many factors affect it, including nutritional aspects. As part of the work, the PubMed database has been searched, beginning from 2005, for terms related to key nutritional aspects. A diet rich in antioxidant vitamins can improve the cognitive functions of patients. Thanks to an adequate intake of B vitamins, homocysteine levels are reduced, which indirectly protects against the development of the disease. A properly balanced diet, as well as the use of appropriate supplementation, can contribute to improving the clinical condition of patients with AD.
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Lee KH, Cha M, Lee BH. Neuroprotective Effect of Antioxidants in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197152. [PMID: 32998277 PMCID: PMC7582347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is vulnerable to excessive oxidative insults because of its abundant lipid content, high energy requirements, and weak antioxidant capacity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase susceptibility to neuronal damage and functional deficits, via oxidative changes in the brain in neurodegenerative diseases. Overabundance and abnormal levels of ROS and/or overload of metals are regulated by cellular defense mechanisms, intracellular signaling, and physiological functions of antioxidants in the brain. Single and/or complex antioxidant compounds targeting oxidative stress, redox metals, and neuronal cell death have been evaluated in multiple preclinical and clinical trials as a complementary therapeutic strategy for combating oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we present a general analysis and overview of various antioxidants and suggest potential courses of antioxidant treatments for the neuroprotection of the brain from oxidative injury. This review focuses on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms in the brain and examines the relative advantages and methodological concerns when assessing antioxidant compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea;
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1711
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Nuclear receptor binding factor 2 (NRBF2) is required for learning and memory. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1238-1251. [PMID: 32350405 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms which underlie defects in learning and memory are a major area of focus with the increasing incidence of Alzheimer's disease in the aging population. The complex genetically-controlled, age-, and environmentally-dependent onset and progression of the cognitive deficits and neuronal pathology call for better understanding of the fundamental biology of the nervous system function. In this study, we focus on nuclear receptor binding factor-2 (NRBF2) which modulates the transcriptional activities of retinoic acid receptor α and retinoid X receptor α, and the autophagic activities of the BECN1-VPS34 complex. Since both transcriptional regulation and autophagic function are important in supporting neuronal function, we hypothesized that NRBF2 deficiency may lead to cognitive deficits. To test this, we developed a new mouse model with nervous system-specific knockout of Nrbf2. In a series of behavioral assessment, we demonstrate that NRBF2 knockout in the nervous system results in profound learning and memory deficits. Interestingly, we did not find deficits in autophagic flux in primary neurons and the autophagy deficits were minimal in the brain. In contrast, RNAseq analyses have identified altered expression of genes that have been shown to impact neuronal function. The observation that NRBF2 is involved in learning and memory suggests a new mechanism regulating cognition involving the role of this protein in regulating networks related to the function of retinoic acid receptors, protein folding, and quality control.
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Mitochondrial abnormalities in neurodegenerative models and possible interventions: Focus on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:14-47. [PMID: 32828969 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities in the brain are considered early pathological changes in neurogenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). The mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain can be induced by toxic proteins, including amyloid-beta (Aβ), phosphorylated tau, alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and mutant huntingtin (mtHTT). These proteins cause mitochondrial genome damage, increased oxidative stress, decreased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and diminished ATP production. Consequently, synaptic dysfunction, synaptic loss, neuronal apoptosis, and ultimately cognitive impairment are exhibited. Therefore, the restoration of mitochondrial abnormalities in the brain is an alternative intervention to delay the progression of neurodegenerative diseases in addition to reducing the level of toxic proteins, especially Aβ, and restored synaptic dysfunction by interventions. Here we comprehensively review mitochondrial alterations in the brain of neurodegenerative models, specifically AD, PD and HD, from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Additionally, the correlation between mitochondrial changes, cognitive function, and disease progression from in vivo studies is described. This review also summarizes interventions that possibly attenuate mitochondrial abnormalities in AD, PD and HD models from both in vitro and in vivo studies. This may lead to the introduction of novel therapies that target on brain mitochondria to delay the progression of AD, PD and HD.
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Pedrero-Prieto CM, García-Carpintero S, Frontiñán-Rubio J, Llanos-González E, Aguilera García C, Alcaín FJ, Lindberg I, Durán-Prado M, Peinado JR, Rabanal-Ruiz Y. A comprehensive systematic review of CSF proteins and peptides that define Alzheimer's disease. Clin Proteomics 2020; 17:21. [PMID: 32518535 PMCID: PMC7273668 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-020-09276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last two decades, over 100 proteomics studies have identified a variety of potential biomarkers in CSF of Alzheimer's (AD) patients. Although several reviews have proposed specific biomarkers, to date, the statistical relevance of these proteins has not been investigated and no peptidomic analyses have been generated on the basis of specific up- or down- regulation. Herein, we perform an analysis of all unbiased explorative proteomics studies of CSF biomarkers in AD to critically evaluate whether proteins and peptides identified in each study are consistent in distribution; direction change; and significance, which would strengthen their potential use in studies of AD pathology and progression. METHODS We generated a database containing all CSF proteins whose levels are known to be significantly altered in human AD from 47 independent, validated, proteomics studies. Using this database, which contains 2022 AD and 2562 control human samples, we examined whether each protein is consistently present on the basis of reliable statistical studies; and if so, whether it is over- or under-represented in AD. Additionally, we performed a direct analysis of available mass spectrometric data of these proteins to generate an AD CSF peptide database with 3221 peptides for further analysis. RESULTS Of the 162 proteins that were identified in 2 or more studies, we investigated their enrichment or depletion in AD CSF. This allowed us to identify 23 proteins which were increased and 50 proteins which were decreased in AD, some of which have never been revealed as consistent AD biomarkers (i.e. SPRC or MUC18). Regarding the analysis of the tryptic peptide database, we identified 87 peptides corresponding to 13 proteins as the most highly consistently altered peptides in AD. Analysis of tryptic peptide fingerprinting revealed specific peptides encoded by CH3L1, VGF, SCG2, PCSK1N, FBLN3 and APOC2 with the highest probability of detection in AD. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a panel of 27 proteins and 21 peptides highly altered in AD with consistent statistical significance; this panel constitutes a potent tool for the classification and diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Pedrero-Prieto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sonia García-Carpintero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Frontiñán-Rubio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Emilio Llanos-González
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Aguilera García
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Alcaín
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Iris Lindberg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Mario Durán-Prado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan R. Peinado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Jeandet P, Mathew B, Ashraf GM, Perveen A, Bin-Jumah MN, Mousa SA, Abdel-Daim MM. Novel Anti-Alzheimer's Therapeutic Molecules Targeting Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7039138. [PMID: 32411333 PMCID: PMC7206886 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7039138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among older people, and the prevalence of this disease is estimated to rise quickly in the upcoming years. Unfortunately, almost all of the drug candidates tested for AD until now have failed to exhibit any efficacy. Henceforth, there is an increased necessity to avert and/or slow down the advancement of AD. It is known that one of the major pathological characteristics of AD is the presence of senile plaques (SPs) in the brain. These SPs are composed of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ), derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Pharmaceutical companies have conducted a number of studies in order to identify safe and effective anti-Aβ drugs to combat AD. It is known that α-, β-, and γ-secretases are the three proteases that are involved in APP processing. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in these proteases, as they have a contribution to the modulation and production of Aβ. It has been observed that small compounds can be used to target these important proteases. Indeed, these compounds must satisfy the common strict requirements of a drug candidate targeted for brain penetration and selectivity toward different proteases. In this article, we have focused on the auspicious molecules which are under development for targeting APP-processing enzymes. We have also presented several anti-AD molecules targeting Aβ accumulation and phosphorylation signaling in APP processing. This review highlights the structure-activity relationship and other physicochemical features of several pharmacological candidates in order to successfully develop new anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - May N. Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, New York, NY 12144, USA
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in patients with psoriasis: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6454. [PMID: 32296117 PMCID: PMC7160134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is unclear, neuroinflammation appears to play a role in its development. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that has recently been found to genetically overlap with AD. We aimed to investigate the risk of AD in patients with psoriasis. Subjects with psoriasis (n = 535,927) and age- and sex-matched controls without psoriasis (at a 5:1 ratio; n = 2,679,635) who underwent ≥3 health examinations between 2008 and 2014 were included, drawn from the Korean National Health Insurance System database. There were 50,209 cases of AD (1.87%) in controls without psoriasis and 11,311 cases (2.11%) in patients with psoriasis, and the median follow-up was 3.35 years. In a multivariable-adjusted model, patients with psoriasis showed a significantly increased risk of AD (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.07–1.12, p < 0.0001) compared to controls without psoriasis. Among patients with psoriasis, the risk of AD was significantly increased in psoriasis patients not receiving systemic therapy compared to those receiving systemic therapy (hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08–1.12 vs. hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI: 0.90–1.09, p < 0.0001). The incidence of AD was significantly increased in patients with psoriasis compared to control subjects without psoriasis. Of note, systemic treatment for psoriasis was associated with a reduced risk of AD.
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Neuroprotection against Amyloid- β-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks Is Mediated by Multiple Retinoic Acid-Dependent Pathways. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:9369815. [PMID: 32256561 PMCID: PMC7109576 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9369815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the role of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) as a neuroprotective agent against Aβ1-42-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in neuronal SH-SY5Y and astrocytic DI TNC1 cell lines and in murine brain tissues, by single-cell gel electrophoresis. We showed that RA does not only repair Aβ1-42-induced DSBs, as already known, but also prevents their occurrence. This effect is independent of that of other antioxidants studied, such as vitamin C, and appears to be mediated, at least in part, by changes in expression, not of the RARα, but of the PPARβ/δ and of antiamyloidogenic proteins, such as ADAM10, implying a decreased production of endogenous Aβ. Whereas Aβ1-42 needs transcription and translation for DSB production, RA protects against Aβ1-42-induced DSBs at the posttranslational level through both the RARα/β/γ and PPARβ/δ receptors as demonstrated by using specific antagonists. Furthermore, it could be shown by a proximity ligation assay that the PPARβ/δ-RXR interactions, not the RARα/β/γ-RXR interactions, increased in the cells when a 10 min RA treatment was followed by a 20 min Aβ1-42 treatment. Thus, the PPARβ/δ receptor, known for its antiapoptotic function, might for these short-time treatments play a role in neuroprotection via PPARβ/δ-RXR heterodimerization and possibly expression of antiamyloidogenic genes. Overall, this study shows that RA can not only repair Aβ1-42-induced DSBs but also prevent them via the RARα/β/γ and PPARβ/δ receptors. It suggests that the RA-dependent pathways belong to an anti-DSB Adaptative Gene Expression (DSB-AGE) system that can be targeted by prevention strategies to preserve memory in Alzheimer's disease and aging.
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Huang X, Guo Y, Li P, Ma X, Dong S, Hu H, Li Y, Yuan L. Association of Circulating Retinol and α-TOH Levels with Cognitive Function in Aging Subject with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:290-299. [PMID: 32115610 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malnutrition of vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol, α-TOH) was observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or dementia patients. However, how these vitamins affect cognitive function of subjects with T2DM was seldom reported. The objective of this study was to determine the association of circulating retinol and α-TOH with cognition in aging subjects with T2DM. METHODS A total of 448 T2DM subjects and 448 age, gender and education matched control subjects (aged 55-75 years) were included in the study. Demographic characters of the participants were collected. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method was used to collect dietary intake information. To assess the status of cognition, the MoCA test was used. Circulating retinol and α-TOH levels were compared between T2DM and non-T2DM subjects. Correlation of circulating retinol and α-TOH levels with cognitive function was analyzed in T2DM subjects. The effect of serum retinol and α-TOH levels on the risk of MCI in T2DM patients was explored. RESULTS We found that T2DM-MCI subjects demonstrate lower serum retinol level than T2DM-nonMCI subjects (P < 0.01). Serum retinol level was positively correlated to cognitive function in T2DM subject (P < 0.05). T2DM subjects with higher circulating retinol level demonstrate higher cognitive scores in visual and executive, attention, language, memory and delayed recall domains (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Diminished circulating retinol predicts an increased risk of MCI in T2DM patients. Our findings provide suggestions that optimal retinol nutritional status might benefit cognition and decrease the risk of MCI in aging subjects with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- Linhong Yuan, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China, E-mail: , Tel: +86-010-83911652; Fax: +86-010-83911512
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Khatib T, Chisholm DR, Whiting A, Platt B, McCaffery P. Decay in Retinoic Acid Signaling in Varied Models of Alzheimer's Disease and In-Vitro Test of Novel Retinoic Acid Receptor Ligands (RAR-Ms) to Regulate Protective Genes. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:935-954. [PMID: 31884477 PMCID: PMC7081102 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid has been previously proposed in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, five transgenic mouse models expressing AD and frontotemporal dementia risk genes (i.e., PLB2APP, PLB2TAU, PLB1Double, PLB1Triple, and PLB4) were used to investigate if consistent alterations exist in multiple elements of the retinoic acid signaling pathway in these models. Many steps of the retinoic acid signaling pathway including binding proteins and metabolic enzymes decline, while the previously reported increase in RBP4 was only consistent at late (6 months) but not early (3 month) ages. The retinoic acid receptors were exceptional in their consistent decline in mRNA and protein with transcript decline of retinoic acid receptors β and γ by 3 months, before significant pathology, suggesting involvement in early stages of disease. Decline in RBP1 transcript may also be an early but not late marker of disease. The decline in the retinoic acid signaling system may therefore be a therapeutic target for AD and frontotemporal dementia. Thus, novel stable retinoic acid receptor modulators (RAR-Ms) activating multiple genomic and non-genomic pathways were probed for therapeutic control of gene expression in rat primary hippocampal and cortical cultures. RAR-Ms promoted the non-amyloidogenic pathway, repressed lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory genes and induced genes with neurotrophic action. RAR-Ms had diverse effects on gene expression allowing particular RAR-Ms to be selected for maximal therapeutic effect. Overall the results demonstrated the early decline of retinoic acid signaling in AD and frontotemporal dementia models and the activity of stable and potent alternatives to retinoic acid as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabat Khatib
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - David R. Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, UK
| | - Andrew Whiting
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, UK
| | - Bettina Platt
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Peter McCaffery
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Das BC, Dasgupta S, Ray SK. Potential therapeutic roles of retinoids for prevention of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1880-1892. [PMID: 31290437 PMCID: PMC6676868 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
All retinoids, which can be natural and synthetic, are chemically related to vitamin A. Both natural and synthetic retinoids use specific nuclear receptors such as retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors to activate specific signaling pathways in the cells. Retinoic acid signaling is extremely important in the central nervous system. Impairment of retinoic acid signaling pathways causes severe pathological processes in the central nervous system, especially in the adult brain. Retinoids have major roles in neural patterning, differentiation, axon outgrowth in normal development, and function of the brain. Impaired retinoic acid signaling results in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial malfunction, and neurodegeneration leading to progressive Alzheimer's disease, which is pathologically characterized by extra-neuronal accumulation of amyloid plaques (aggregated amyloid-beta) and intra-neurofibrillary tangles (hyperphosphorylated tau protein) in the temporal lobe of the brain. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and loss of memory in old adults. Inactive cholinergic neurotransmission is responsible for cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease patients. Deficiency or deprivation of retinoic acid in mice is associated with loss of spatial learning and memory. Retinoids inhibit expression of chemokines and neuroinflammatory cytokines in microglia and astrocytes, which are activated in Alzheimer's disease. Stimulation of retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors slows down accumulation of amyloids, reduces neurodegeneration, and thereby prevents pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease in mice. In this review, we described chemistry and biochemistry of some natural and synthetic retinoids and potentials of retinoids for prevention of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar C. Das
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Somsankar Dasgupta
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Swapan K. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
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Martín-Maestro P, Sproul A, Martinez H, Paquet D, Gerges M, Noggle S, Starkov AA. Autophagy Induction by Bexarotene Promotes Mitophagy in Presenilin 1 Familial Alzheimer's Disease iPSC-Derived Neural Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8220-8236. [PMID: 31203573 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis defects have been demonstrated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The neurogenesis impairment is an early critical event in the course of familiar AD (FAD) associated with neuronal loss. It was suggested that neurologic dysfunction in AD may be caused by impaired functioning of hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). Multiple metabolic and structural abnormalities in neural mitochondria have long been suspected to play a critical role in AD pathophysiology. We hypothesize that the cause of such abnormalities could be defective elimination of damaged mitochondria. In the present study, we evaluated mitophagy efficacy in a cellular AD model, hiPSC-derived NSCs harboring the FAD-associated PS1 M146L mutation. We found several mitochondrial respiratory chain defects such as lower expression levels of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), cytochrome c reductase (complex III), succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), NADH:CoQ reductase (complex I), and also ATP synthase (complex V), most of which had been previously associated with AD. The mitochondrial network morphology and abundance in these cells was aberrant. This was associated with a marked mitophagy failure stemming from autophagy induction blockage, and deregulation of the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics. We show that treating these cells with autophagy-stimulating drug bexarotene restored autophagy and compensated mitochondrial anomalies in PS1 M146L NSCs, by enhancing the clearance of mitochondria. Our data support the hypothesis that pharmacologically induced mitophagy enhancement is a relevant and novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Sproul
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dominik Paquet
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Meri Gerges
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Noggle
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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ADAM10 in Alzheimer's disease: Pharmacological modulation by natural compounds and its role as a peripheral marker. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108661. [PMID: 30836275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a global burden in the economics of healthcare systems. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are formed by amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP) cleavage, which can be processed by two pathways. The cleavage by the α-secretase A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) releases the soluble portion (sAβPPα) and prevents senile plaques. This pathway remains largely unknown and ignored, mainly regarding pharmacological approaches that may act via different signaling cascades and thus stimulate non-amyloidogenic cleavage through ADAM10. This review emphasizes the effects of natural compounds on ADAM10 modulation, which eventuates in a neuroprotective mechanism. Moreover, ADAM10 as an AD biomarker is revised. New treatments and preventive interventions targeting ADAM10 regulation for AD are necessary, considering the wide variety of ADAM10 substrates.
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Ishii M, Kamel H, Iadecola C. Retinol Binding Protein 4 Levels Are Not Altered in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease and Not Associated with Cognitive Decline or Incident Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:257-263. [PMID: 30562901 PMCID: PMC6385158 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that disparate pathways from systemic metabolism to retinoic acid/vitamin A signaling can contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathobiology. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipocyte-secreted hormone (adipokine) that regulates insulin signaling and is also a key transporter of retinoic acid and its derivatives. While earlier studies found alterations in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of RBP4 in later stages of AD, it is not known if circulating RBP4 is altered in preclinical AD or if it can be a useful biomarker for cognitive decline and dementia. In this study, we used ELISA to measure plasma RBP4 levels in cognitively normal individuals (Clinical Dementia Rating, CDR 0). Subjects with preclinical AD were identified by previously established CSF criteria (preclinical AD: 20 men, 18 women; control: 45 men, 73 women). Plasma RBP4 levels were similar between preclinical AD and control subjects in men (preclinical AD: 30.0±7.4 μg/mL; control: 30.0±8.7 μg/mL; p = 0.97) and women (preclinical AD 30.9±7.9 μg/mL; control: 31.7±8.5 μg/mL; p = 0.72). Additionally, RBP4 levels were not related to body mass index or CSF AD biomarkers levels of amyloid-β42, tau, or phosphorylated tau. Baseline plasma RBP4 levels were not associated with the incidence of CDR ≥0.5, all-cause dementia, or AD diagnosis. Collectively, these results do not support peripheral RBP4 as a clinical biomarker or therapeutic target in the early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishii
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hooman Kamel
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Ashok A, Naaz S, Kota LN, Sen S, Purushottam M, Faruq M, Kumari R, Yadav V, Kannan R, Jain S, Panicker MM, Viswanath B. Does retinoic acid reverse cell cycle dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease lymphocytes? Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 39:174-177. [PMID: 30139662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant re-entry of neurons into cell cycle appears to be an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and targeting this dysregulation may have therapeutic potential. We have examined whether cell cycle dysregulation in AD can be detected using patient and control derived B-lymphocytes. Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry demonstrated that cell cycle dysregulation occurs in AD lymphocytes, with a significant difference in the distribution of cells in G0/G1, S and G2/M phases of cell cycle as compared to control lymphocytes. Using global gene expression analysis by RNA sequencing and cell cycle analysis, we examined the role of Retinoic Acid (RA), a candidate molecule predicted to be of therapeutic potential in cell cycle dysregulation associated with AD. CCND1, CCNE2, E2F transcription factors which are known to be dysregulated in AD were among the 32 genes that showed differential expression in response to RA treatment thus suggesting a protective role of RA. However, the cell cycle analysis demonstrated that RA did not reverse the cellular phenotype in AD lymphocytes. This suggests that though RA might have a protective role by influencing the expression of cell cycle genes, it might not be able to arrest abnormal re-entry into cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ashok
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Safoora Naaz
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | | | - Somdatta Sen
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Meera Purushottam
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine CSIR-IGIB, Mall road, New Delhi, India.
| | - Renu Kumari
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine CSIR-IGIB, Mall road, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine CSIR-IGIB, Mall road, New Delhi, India; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | - Sanjeev Jain
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India.
| | | | - Biju Viswanath
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
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Ravi SK, Narasingappa RB, Vincent B. Neuro-nutrients as anti-alzheimer's disease agents: A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2999-3018. [PMID: 29846084 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1481012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a massive neuronal death causing memory loss, cognitive impairment and behavioral alteration that ultimately lead to dementia and death. AD is a multi-factorial pathology controlled by molecular events such as oxidative stress, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuro inflammation. Nowadays, there is no efficient disease-modifying treatment for AD and epidemiological studies have suggested that diet and nutrition have a significant impact on the development of this disorder. Indeed, some nutrients can protect all kind of cells, including neurons. As prevention is better than cure, life style improvement, with a special emphasis on diet, should seriously be considered as an anti-AD track and intake of nutrients promoting neuronal health is the need of the hour. Diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and vitamins have been shown to protect against AD, whereas saturated fatty acids-containing diets deprived of polyphenols promote the development of the disease. Thus, Mediterranean diets, mainly composed of fruits, vegetables and omega-3 fatty acids, stand as valuable, mild and preventive anti-AD agents. This review focuses on our current knowledge in the field and how one can fight this devastating neurodegenerative disorder through the simple proper modification of our life style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Sciences , Bangalore , Hassan , Karnataka , India
| | - Ramesh B Narasingappa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Sciences , Bangalore , Hassan , Karnataka , India
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Paris , France
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45
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Gatineau E, Cluzet S, Krisa S, Papet I, Migne C, Remond D, Dardevet D, Polakof S, Richard T, Mosoni L. Effects of nutritional state, aging and high chronic intake of sucrose on brain protein synthesis in rats: modulation of it by rutin and other micronutrients. Food Funct 2018; 9:2922-2930. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01953j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain protein synthesis was decreased during aging, restored by micronutrients, and unchanged by sucrose, in correlation with variations in TNF-α gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gatineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- INRA
- UNH
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine
- PFEM
| | - Stéphanie Cluzet
- GESVAB EA 3675
- ISVV
- Université de Bordeaux
- F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex
- France
| | - Stéphanie Krisa
- GESVAB EA 3675
- ISVV
- Université de Bordeaux
- F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex
- France
| | - Isabelle Papet
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- INRA
- UNH
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine
- PFEM
| | - Carole Migne
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- INRA
- UNH
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine
- PFEM
| | - Didier Remond
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- INRA
- UNH
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine
- PFEM
| | | | - Sergio Polakof
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- INRA
- UNH
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine
- PFEM
| | - Tristan Richard
- GESVAB EA 3675
- ISVV
- Université de Bordeaux
- F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex
- France
| | - Laurent Mosoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- INRA
- UNH
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine
- PFEM
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46
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Liu J, Liu X, Xiong XQ, Yang T, Cui T, Hou NL, Lai X, Liu S, Guo M, Liang XH, Cheng Q, Chen J, Li TY. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorders - a pilot study. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:204. [PMID: 28938872 PMCID: PMC5610466 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis of gut microbiota are commonly reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may contribute to behavioral impairment. Vitamin A (VA) plays a role in regulation of gut microbiota. This study was performed to investigate the role of VA in the changes of gut microbiota and changes of autism functions in children with ASD. RESULTS Sixty four, aged 1 to 8 years old children with ASD completed a 6-month follow-up study with VA intervention. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess plasma retinol levels. The Autism Behaviour Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) were used to assess autism symptoms. CD38 and acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) mRNA levels were used to assess autism-related biochemical indicators' changes. Evaluations of plasma retinol, ABC, CARS, SRS, CD38 and RORA mRNA levels were performed before and after 6 months of intervention in the 64 children. Illumina MiSeq for 16S rRNA genes was used to compare the differences in gut microbiota before and after 6 months of treatment in the subset 20 of the 64 children. After 6 months of intervention, plasma retinol, CD38 and RORA mRNA levels significantly increased (all P < 0.05); the scores of ABC, CARS and SRS scales showed no significant differences (all P > 0.05) in the 64 children. Meanwhile, the proportion of Bacteroidetes/Bacteroidales significantly increased and the proportion of Bifidobacterium significantly decreased in the subgroup of 20 (all false discovery rate (FDR) q < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Bacteroidetes/Bacteroidales were the key taxa related to VA. Moreover, VA played a role in the changes in autism biomarkers. It remains unclear whether the VA concentration is associated with autism symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol was peer reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University in 2013 and retrospectively registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) on November 6, 2014 (TRN: ChiCTR-ROC-14005442 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Qin Xiong
- Pediatric Department of Clinical Medicine of Dazhou Vocational and Technical College, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Cui
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Na-Li Hou
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lai
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Guo
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Liang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ting-Yu Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
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Tai LM, Balu D, Avila-Munoz E, Abdullah L, Thomas R, Collins N, Valencia-Olvera AC, LaDu MJ. EFAD transgenic mice as a human APOE relevant preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1733-1755. [PMID: 28389477 PMCID: PMC5580905 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r076315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Identified in 1993, APOE4 is the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), increasing risk up to 15-fold compared with APOE3, with APOE2 decreasing AD risk. However, the functional effects of APOE4 on AD pathology remain unclear and, in some cases, controversial. In vivo progress to understand how the human (h)-APOE genotypes affect AD pathology has been limited by the lack of a tractable familial AD-transgenic (FAD-Tg) mouse model expressing h-APOE rather than mouse (m)-APOE. The disparity between m- and h-apoE is relevant for virtually every AD-relevant pathway, including amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and clearance, neuroinflammation, tau pathology, neural plasticity and cerebrovascular deficits. EFAD mice were designed as a temporally useful preclinical FAD-Tg-mouse model expressing the h-APOE genotypes for identifying mechanisms underlying APOE-modulated symptoms of AD pathology. From their first description in 2012, EFAD mice have enabled critical basic and therapeutic research. Here we review insights gleaned from the EFAD mice and summarize future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Deebika Balu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Evangelina Avila-Munoz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Riya Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Nicole Collins
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612.
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48
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Kimoto A, Izu H, Fu C, Suidasari S, Kato N. Effects of low dose of ethanol on the senescence score, brain function and gene expression in senescence-accelerated mice 8 (SAMP8). Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1433-1440. [PMID: 28810607 PMCID: PMC5525595 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating epidemiological evidence suggests light to moderate alcohol intake reduces risk of several chronic diseases. However, there is limited information regarding the effects of low alcohol intake in animal studies. This study investigated the effect of low ethanol dosage on senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP8), an animal model of aging and neurodegenaration. Male SAMP8 mice (11 weeks old) had free access to a commercial stock diet with drinking water containing 0, 1 or 2% (v/v) ethanol for 15 weeks. The total grading score of senescence in the 1%-ethanol group was, in large part, the lowest among the three groups. Analysis using the open-field test revealed a significant elevation (+77%, P<0.05) in the rearing activity (index of seeking behavior) in the 1%-ethanol group, but not in the 2%-ethanol group. In addition, 2% ethanol elevated spontaneous locomotor activity (+75%, P<0.05), whereas 1% ethanol did not. Scrutiny of serum parameters indicated intake of 1% ethanol significantly decreased serum insulin levels (-13%, P<0.05), whereas 2% did not. Intake of 2% ethanol significantly elevated (2.5-fold, P<0.05) S100a8 mRNA (an inflammatory signal) in the brain, but that of 1% ethanol did not. Intriguingly, 1% ethanol intake remarkably elevated (10-fold, P<0.05) mRNA of brain alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1), which metabolizes lipid-peroxidation products and is involved in the synthesis of retinoic acid, a neuroprotective factor. Of note, 2%-ethanol intake did not exert this effect. Taken together, intake of 1% ethanol is likely to be beneficial for SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kimoto
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hanae Izu
- Quality and Evaluation Research Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Churan Fu
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Sofya Suidasari
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kato
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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Peptides derived from the knuckle epitope of BMP-9 induce the cholinergic differentiation and inactivate GSk3beta in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4695. [PMID: 28680159 PMCID: PMC5498665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain degenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) will increase as the world population ages. While there is presently no known cure for AD and current treatments having only a transient effect, an increasing number of publications indicate that growth factors (GF) may be used to treat AD. GFs like the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), especially BMP-9, affect many aspects of AD. However, BMP-9 is a big protein that cannot readily cross the blood-brain barrier. We have therefore studied the effects of two small peptides derived from BMP-9 (pBMP-9 and SpBMP-9). We investigated their capacity to differentiate SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells into neurons with or without retinoic acid (RA). Both peptides induced Smad 1/5 phosphorylation and their nuclear translocation. They increased the number and length of neurites and the expression of neuronal markers MAP-2, NeuN and NSE better than did BMP-9. They also promoted differentiation to the cholinergic phenotype more actively than BMP-9, SpBMP-9 being the most effective as shown by increases in intracellular acetylcholine, ChAT and VAchT. Finally, both peptides activated the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibited GSK3beta, a current AD therapeutic target. BMP-9-derived peptides, especially SpBMP-9, with or without RA, are promising molecules that warrant further investigation.
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50
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Millan MJ. Linking deregulation of non-coding RNA to the core pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: An integrative review. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:1-68. [PMID: 28322921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human genome encodes a vast repertoire of protein non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), some specific to the brain. MicroRNAs, which interfere with the translation of target mRNAs, are of particular interest since their deregulation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains challenging to link the complex body of observations on miRNAs and AD into a coherent framework. Using extensive graphical support, this article discusses how a diverse panoply of miRNAs convergently and divergently impact (and are impacted by) core pathophysiological processes underlying AD: neuroinflammation and oxidative stress; aberrant generation of β-amyloid-42 (Aβ42); anomalies in the production, cleavage and post-translational marking of Tau; impaired clearance of Aβ42 and Tau; perturbation of axonal organisation; disruption of synaptic plasticity; endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response; mitochondrial dysfunction; aberrant induction of cell cycle re-entry; and apoptotic loss of neurons. Intriguingly, some classes of miRNA provoke these cellular anomalies, whereas others act in a counter-regulatory, protective mode. Moreover, changes in levels of certain species of miRNA are a consequence of the above-mentioned anomalies. In addition to miRNAs, circular RNAs, piRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and other types of ncRNA are being increasingly implicated in AD. Overall, a complex mesh of deregulated and multi-tasking ncRNAs reciprocally interacts with core pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD. Alterations in ncRNAs can be detected in CSF and the circulation as well as the brain and are showing promise as biomarkers, with the ultimate goal clinical exploitation as targets for novel modes of symptomatic and course-altering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, institut de recherche Servier, 125 chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France.
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