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Gupta R, Kumar V, Verma N, Tewari RK. Nitric oxide-mediated regulation of macronutrients in plants. Nitric Oxide 2024:S1089-8603(24)00124-1. [PMID: 39389288 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
In plant physiology, nitric oxide (NO) is a widely used signaling molecule. It is a free radical and an important component of the N-cycle. NO is produced endogenously inside plant cells, where it participates in multiple functions and provides protection against several abiotic and biotic stresses. NO and its interplay with macronutrients had remarkable effects on plant growth and development, the signaling pathway, and defense mechanisms. Its chemical properties, synthetic pathways, physiological effects, antioxidant action, signal transduction, and regulation of transporter genes and proteins have been studied. NO emerges as a key regulator under macronutrient deficiency. In plants, NO also affects reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and post-translational modifications (PTMs). The function of NO and its significant control in the functions and adjustments of macronutrients under macronutrient deficit were summed up in this review. NO regulate functions of macronutrients and associated signaling events involved with macronutrient transporters in different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani Gupta
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Nikita Verma
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
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2
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Jaiswal J, Kumari N, Gupta A, Singh AP, Sinha RP. Impacts of ultraviolet and photosynthetically active radiations on photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant systems of the cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa HKAR-19. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:747-765. [PMID: 38041744 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
This study summarizes the response of cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa HKAR-19 under simulated light conditions of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), PAR+UV-A (PA), and PAR+UV-A+UV-B (PAB). Exposure to UV radiation caused a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, and total protein. In contrast, total carotene content increased significantly (P < 0.05) under PA and PAB with increasing irradiation time. The photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II also decreased significantly in PA and PAB radiation. We have also recorded a decrease in the fluorescence emission intensity of phycocyanin under PA and PAB exposure. The phycocyanin fluorescence shifted towards shorter wavelengths (blue-shift) after 72 h of PA and PAB exposure. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased significantly in PA and PAB. Fluorescence microscopic images showed an increase in green fluorescence, indicating ROS generation in UV radiation. We have also quantified ROS generation using green and red fluorescence ratio represented as G/R ratio. A 2-6-fold increase in antioxidative enzymes activity was observed to overcome the damaging effects caused by UV stress as compared to untreated control cultures. The lipid peroxidation was assessed in terms of malondialdehyde content which increases significantly (P < 0.05) as the duration of exposure increases. These results suggest that a combined effect of PAR, UV-A, and UV-B was more deleterious than an individual one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Neha Kumari
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashish P Singh
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajeshwar P Sinha
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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3
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Phukan T, Ryntathiang S, Syiem MB. Externally supplied ascorbic acid moderates detrimental effects of UV-C exposure in cyanobacteria. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1521-1531. [PMID: 38995521 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The defensive role performed by exogenously supplied ascorbic acid in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg1 against damages produced by UV-C radiation exposure was assessed in this study. Exposure to UV-C (24 mJ/cm2) significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) (50%) along with peroxidation of lipids (21%) and protein oxidation (22%) in the organism. But, addition of 0.5 mM ascorbic acid prior to UV-C exposure showed reduction in ROS production (1.7%) and damages to lipids and proteins (1.5 and 2%, respectively). Light and transmission electron microscopic studies revealed that ascorbic acid not only protected filament breakage but also restricted severe ultrastructural changes and cellular damages in the organism. Although the growth of the organism was repressed up to 9% under UV-C treatment within 15 days, a pre-treatment with ascorbic acid led to growth enhancement by 42% in the same period. Various growth parameters such as photo-absorbing pigments (phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, chlorophyll a, and carotenoids), water splitting complex (WSC), D1 protein, RuBisCO, glutamine synthetase and nitrogenase activities in the UV-C treated organism were seen to be relatively intact in the presence of ascorbic acid. Thus, a detailed analysis undertaken in the present study was able to demonstrate that ascorbic acid not only act as first responder against harmful UV-C radiation by down-regulating ROS production, it also accelerated the growth performance in the organism in the post UV-C incubation period as an immediate response to an adverse experience presented in the form of UV-C radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridip Phukan
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Sukjailin Ryntathiang
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Mayashree B Syiem
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India.
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4
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Chen M, Dai S, Chen D, Chen H, Feng N, Zheng D. Unveiling the translational dynamics of lychee (Litchi chinesis Sonn.) in response to cold stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:686. [PMID: 38992605 PMCID: PMC11241792 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold stress poses a significant threat to the quality and productivity of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). While previous research has extensively explored the genomic and transcriptomic responses to cold stress in lychee, the translatome has not been thoroughly investigated. This study delves into the translatomic landscape of the 'Xiangjinfeng' cultivar under both control and low-temperature conditions using RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling. We uncovered a significant divergence between the transcriptomic and translatomic responses to cold exposure. Additionally, bioinformatics analyses underscored the crucial role of codon occupancy in lychee's cold tolerance mechanisms. Our findings reveal that the modulation of translation via codon occupancy is a vital strategy to abiotic stress. Specifically, the study identifies ribosome stalling, particularly at the E site AAU codon, as a key element of the translation machinery in lychee's response to cold stress. This work enhances our understanding of the molecular dynamics of lychee's reaction to cold stress and emphasizes the essential role of translational regulation in the plant's environmental adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China.
- National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
| | - Shuangfeng Dai
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
- National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
| | - Daming Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
- National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
| | - Haomin Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
- National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China.
- National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China.
- National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
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Song JS, Jung S. The pH acidity and nitrate accumulation by plasma discharge enhanced the growth and phytochemicals of soybean sprouts grown in reused water. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101345. [PMID: 38623501 PMCID: PMC11016968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of plasma treatment on reused water and evaluated the interactions of the plasma-treated water (PTW) with plants or microbes to determine the optimal PTW for reuse. The repeated treatment gradually accumulated nitrate (NO3-) in the PTW and lowered its pH; afterward, it led to the sprouted soybeans accumulating other inorganic ions in the PTW. The biomass of soybean sprouts was enhanced by the accumulated NO3- but decreased due to the pH effect. Meanwhile, the acidic pH reduced the microbial counts, but they increased after sprinkling the PTW over the sprouts. The optimal PTW in our study, which had a gradual increase of NO3- (≤321.8 mg·L-1) with an acceptable pH (≥pH 3), significantly enhanced the biomass by 4.2% compared to the untreated control. Additionally, it increased the total content of amino acids and isoflavones by 9% and 18% in the growing part, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Seok Song
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 37 Dongjangsan-ro, Gunsan, 54004, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plasma and Nuclear Fusion, UST-KFE School, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyung Jung
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 37 Dongjangsan-ro, Gunsan, 54004, Republic of Korea
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Elsisi M, Elshiekh M, Sabry N, Aziz M, Attia K, Islam F, Chen J, Abdelrahman M. The genetic orchestra of salicylic acid in plant resilience to climate change induced abiotic stress: critical review. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:31. [PMID: 38880851 PMCID: PMC11180647 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Climate change, driven by human activities and natural processes, has led to critical alterations in varying patterns during cropping seasons and is a vital threat to global food security. The climate change impose several abiotic stresses on crop production systems. These abiotic stresses include extreme temperatures, drought, and salinity, which expose agricultural fields to more vulnerable conditions and lead to substantial crop yield and quality losses. Plant hormones, especially salicylic acid (SA), has crucial roles for plant resiliency under unfavorable environments. This review explores the genetics and molecular mechanisms underlying SA's role in mitigating abiotic stress-induced damage in plants. It also explores the SA biosynthesis pathways, and highlights the regulation of their products under several abiotic stresses. Various roles and possible modes of action of SA in mitigating abiotic stresses are discussed, along with unraveling the genetic mechanisms and genes involved in responses under stress conditions. Additionally, this review investigates molecular pathways and mechanisms through which SA exerts its protective effects, such as redox signaling, cross-talks with other plant hormones, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Moreover, the review discusses potentials of using genetic engineering approaches, such as CRISPR technology, for deciphering the roles of SA in enhancing plant resilience to climate change related abiotic stresses. This comprehensive analysis bridges the gap between genetics of SA role in response to climate change related stressors. Overall goal is to highlight SA's significance in safeguarding plants and by offering insights of SA hormone for sustainable agriculture under challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsisi
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Moaz Elshiekh
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Nourine Sabry
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Mark Aziz
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Kotb Attia
- College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Islam
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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7
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Chae HB, Bae SB, Paeng SK, Wi SD, Thi Phan KA, Lee SY. S-nitrosylation switches the Arabidopsis redox sensor protein, QSOX1, from an oxidoreductase to a molecular chaperone under heat stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108219. [PMID: 38048703 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) thiol-based redox sensor has been identified as a negative regulator of plant immunity. Here, we have found that small molecular weight proteins of QSOX1 were converted to high molecular weight (HMW) complexes upon exposure to heat stress and that this was accompanied by a switch in QSOX1 function from a thiol-reductase to a molecular chaperone. Plant treatment with S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), which causes nitrosylation of cysteine residues (S-nitrosylation), but not with H2O2, induced HMW QSOX1 complexes. Thus, functional switching of QSOX1 is induced by GSNO treatment. Accordingly, simultaneous treatment of plants with heat shock and GSNO led to a significant increase in QSOX1 chaperone activity by increasing its oligomerization. Consequently, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing QSOX1 (QSOX1OE) showed strong resistance to heat shock, whereas qsox1 knockout plants exhibited high sensitivity to heat stress. Plant treatment with GSNO under heat stress conditions increased their resistance to heat shock. We conclude that S-nitrosylation allows the thiol-based redox sensor, QSOX1, to respond to various external stresses in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Byoung Chae
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Su Bin Bae
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Seol Ki Paeng
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Seong Dong Wi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Kieu Anh Thi Phan
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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8
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Kolupaev YE, Yastreb TO, Dmitriev AP. Signal Mediators in the Implementation of Jasmonic Acid's Protective Effect on Plants under Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2631. [PMID: 37514246 PMCID: PMC10385206 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells respond to stress by activating signaling and regulatory networks that include plant hormones and numerous mediators of non-hormonal nature. These include the universal intracellular messenger calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS), gasotransmitters, small gaseous molecules synthesized by living organisms, and signal functions such as nitrogen monoxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), and others. This review focuses on the role of functional linkages of jasmonic acid and jasmonate signaling components with gasotransmitters and other signaling mediators, as well as some stress metabolites, in the regulation of plant adaptive responses to abiotic stressors. Data on the involvement of NO, H2S, and CO in the regulation of jasmonic acid formation in plant cells and its signal transduction were analyzed. The possible involvement of the protein components of jasmonate signaling in stress-protective gasotransmitter effects is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the significance of the functional interaction between jasmonic acid and signaling mediators in the regulation of the antioxidant system, stomatal apparatus, and other processes important for plant adaptation to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy E Kolupaev
- Yuriev Plant Production Institute, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 61060 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Agrotechnologies, Breeding and Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Poltava State Agrarian University, 36003 Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana O Yastreb
- Yuriev Plant Production Institute, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 61060 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander P Dmitriev
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
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9
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Jimenez-García SN, Garcia-Mier L, Ramirez-Gomez XS, Guevara-Gonzalez RG, Aguirre-Becerra H, Escobar-Ortiz A, Contreras-Medina LM, Garcia-Trejo JF, Vazquez-Cruz MA, Feregrino-Perez AA. Characterization of the Key Compounds of Bell Pepper by Spectrophotometry and Gas Chromatography on the Effects of Induced Stress on the Concentration of Secondary Metabolite. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093830. [PMID: 37175241 PMCID: PMC10180469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet peppers are consumed worldwide, and traditional uses have sparked interest in their applications as dietary antioxidants, which can be enhanced in plants using elicitors. These are endowed with phytochemicals with potential health benefits such as antioxidants, bioavailability, and bioaccessibility. The trend in metabolomics shows us chemical fingerprints linking metabolomics, innovative analytical form, and bioinformatics tools. The objective was to evaluate the impact of multiple stress interactions, elicitor concentrations, and electrical conductivity on the concentration of secondary metabolites to relate their response to metabolic pathways through the foliar application of a cocktail of said elicitors in pepper crops under greenhouse conditions. The extracts were analyzed by spectrophotometry and gas chromatography, and it was shown that the PCA analysis identified phenolic compounds and low molecular weight metabolites, confirming this as a metabolomic fingerprint in the hierarchical analysis. These compounds were also integrated by simultaneous gene and metabolite simulants to obtain effect information on different metabolic pathways. Showing changes in metabolite levels at T6 (36 mM H2O2 and 3.6 dS/m) and T7 (0.1 mM SA and 3.6 dS/m) but showing statistically significant changes at T5 (3.6 dS/m) and T8 (0.1 mM SA, 36 mM H2O2, and 3.6 dS/m) compared to T1 (32 dS/m) or control. Six pathways changed significantly (p < 0.05) in stress-induced treatments: aminoacyl t-RNA and valine-leucine-isoleucine biosynthesis, and alanine-aspartate-glutamate metabolism, glycoxylate-dicarboxylate cycle, arginine-proline, and citrate. This research provided a complete profile for the characterization of metabolomic fingerprint of bell pepper under multiple stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N Jimenez-García
- Division de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingeniería, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, C.A. Enfermedades no Transmisibles, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Ing. Javier Barros Sierra No. 201 Esq. Baja California, Ejido de Santa Maria del Refugio Celaya, Guanajuato 8140, Mexico
| | - Lina Garcia-Mier
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Querétaro, Blvd, Juriquilla No. 1000 A, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Xóchitl S Ramirez-Gomez
- Division de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingeniería, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, C.A. Enfermedades no Transmisibles, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Ing. Javier Barros Sierra No. 201 Esq. Baja California, Ejido de Santa Maria del Refugio Celaya, Guanajuato 8140, Mexico
| | - Ramon G Guevara-Gonzalez
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Humberto Aguirre-Becerra
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Alexandro Escobar-Ortiz
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Luis M Contreras-Medina
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Juan F Garcia-Trejo
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Moises A Vazquez-Cruz
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Koppert Mexico, Circuito el Marques Nte. 82, Parque industrial El Marqués, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76246, Mexico
| | - Ana A Feregrino-Perez
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado, C.A. Bioingeniería Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Colonia Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
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10
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Wang Y, Teng Z, Li H, Wang W, Xu F, Sun K, Chu J, Qian Y, Loake GJ, Chu C, Tang J. An activated form of NB-ARC protein RLS1 functions with cysteine-rich receptor-like protein RMC to trigger cell death in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100459. [PMID: 36203361 PMCID: PMC10030324 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A key event that follows pathogen recognition by a resistance (R) protein containing an NB-ARC (nucleotide-binding adaptor shared by Apaf-1, R proteins, and Ced-4) domain is hypersensitive response (HR)-type cell death accompanied by accumulation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. However, the integral mechanisms that underlie this process remain relatively opaque. Here, we show that a gain-of-function mutation in the NB-ARC protein RLS1 (Rapid Leaf Senescence 1) triggers high-light-dependent HR-like cell death in rice. The RLS1-mediated defense response is largely independent of salicylic acid accumulation, NPR1 (Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1) activity, and RAR1 (Required for Mla12 Resistance 1) function. A screen for suppressors of RLS1 activation identified RMC (Root Meander Curling) as essential for the RLS1-activated defense response. RMC encodes a cysteine-rich receptor-like secreted protein (CRRSP) and functions as an RLS1-binding partner. Intriguingly, their co-expression resulted in a change in the pattern of subcellular localization and was sufficient to trigger cell death accompanied by a decrease in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme APX1. Collectively, our findings reveal an NB-ARC-CRRSP signaling module that modulates oxidative state, the cell death process, and associated immunity responses in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenfeng Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yangwen Qian
- Biogle Genome Editing Center, Changzhou 213125, China
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiuyou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Gedeon S, Ioannou A, Balestrini R, Fotopoulos V, Antoniou C. Application of Biostimulants in Tomato Plants ( Solanum lycopersicum) to Enhance Plant Growth and Salt Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223082. [PMID: 36432816 PMCID: PMC9693373 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Under the era of climate change, plants are forced to survive under increasingly adverse conditions. Application of biostimulants in plants is shown to mitigate the deleterious effects of abiotic stresses including salinity, enhancing plant tolerance and performance. The present study focuses on the effects of five biostimulants based on biocompost and biofertilizer compounds that have been applied to tomato plants grown in the presence (salt-stressed plants) or absence of salt stress (control plants). To study the beneficial effects of the biostimulants in tomato plants, a series of analyses were performed, including phenotypic and agronomic observations, physiological, biochemical and enzymatic activity measurements, as well as gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) including genes involved in antioxidant defense (SlCu/ZnSOD, SlFeSOD, SlCAT1, SlcAPX), nitrogen (SlNR, SlNiR, SlGTS1) and proline metabolism (p5CS), potassium transporters (HKT1.1, HKT1.2), and stress-inducible TFs (SlWRKY8, SlWRKY31). Among all the biostimulant solutions applied to the plants, the composition of 70% biofertilizer and 30% biocompost (Bf70/Bc30) as well as 70% biocompost and 30% biofertilizer (Bc70/Bf30) formulations garnered interest, since the former showed growth promoting features while the latter displayed better defense responses at the time of harvesting compared with the other treatments and controls. Taken together, current findings provide new insight into the beneficial effects of biostimulants, encouraging future field studies to further evaluate the biostimulant effects in plants under a real environment which is compromised by a combination of abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Gedeon
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Ioannou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
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12
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De Simone G, Fattibene P, Sebastiani F, Smulevich G, Coletta M, Ascenzi P. Dissociation of the proximal His-Fe bond upon NO binding to ferrous zebrafish nitrobindin. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111962. [PMID: 36075159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrobindins (Nbs) are all-β-barrel heme-proteins present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Although the physiological role(s) of Nbs are still unclear, it has been postulated that they are involved in the NO/O2 metabolism, which is particularly relevant in fishes for the oxygen supply. Here, the reactivity of ferrous Danio rerio Nb (Dr-Nb(II)) towards NO has been investigated from the spectroscopic and kinetic viewpoints and compared with those of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nb, Arabidopsis thaliana Nb, Homo sapiens Nb, and Equus ferus caballus myoglobin. Between pH 5.5 and 9.1 at 22.0 °C, Dr-Nb(II) nitrosylation is a monophasic process; values of the second-order rate constant for Dr-Nb(II) nitrosylation and of the first-order rate constant for Dr-Nb(II)-NO denitrosylation are pH-independent ranging between 1.6 × 106 M-1 s-1 and 2.3 × 106 M-1 s-1 and between 5.3 × 10-2 s-1 and 8.2 × 10-2 s-1, respectively. Interestingly, both UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopies indicate that the heme-Fe(II) atom of Dr-Nb(II)-NO is five-coordinated. Kinetics of Dr-Nb(II) nitrosylation may reflect the ligand accessibility to the metal center, which is likely impaired by the crowded network of water molecules which shields the heme pocket from the bulk solvent. On the other hand, kinetics of Dr-Nb(II)-NO denitrosylation may reflect an easy pathway for the ligand escape into the outer solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Fattibene
- Servizio Grandi Strumentazioni e Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy.
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13
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Wang X, Wang B, Zhu X, Zhao Y, Jin B, Wei X. Exogenous Nitric Oxide Alleviates the Damage Caused by Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Tomato through Regulation of Peptidase Inhibitor Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012542. [PMID: 36293408 PMCID: PMC9604136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is the causal agent of one of the most severe diseases affecting tomato growth; however, nitric oxide (NO) can mediate plant resistance. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of exogenous NO donor-mediated disease resistance in tomato seedlings. Tomato seedlings were treated with sodium nitroprusside and TYLCV and subjected to phenotypic, transcriptomic, and physiological analyses. The results show that exogenous NO significantly reduced disease index, MDA content, and virus content (71.4%), significantly increased stem length and fresh weight of diseased plants (p < 0.05), and improved photosynthesis with an induction effect of up to 44.0%. In this study, it was found that the reduction in virus content caused by the increased expression of peptidase inhibitor genes was the main reason for the increased resistance in tomatoes. The peptidase inhibitor inhibited protease activity and restrained virus synthesis, while the significant reduction in virus content inevitably caused a partial weakening or shutdown of the disease response process in the diseased plant. In addition, exogenous NO also induces superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activity, fatty acid elongation, resistance protein, lignin, and monoterpene synthesis to improve resistance. In summary, exogenous NO enhances resistance in tomatoes mainly by regulating peptidase inhibitor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baoqiang Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baoxia Jin
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaohong Wei
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-9331-7951
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Madebo MP, Ayalew Y, Zheng Y, Jin P. Nitric Oxide and Its Donor Sodium-Nitroprusside Regulation of the Postharvest Quality and Oxidative Stress on Fruits: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2122995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miilion Paulos Madebo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Yenenesh Ayalew
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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15
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Zhang X, Sun Y, Qiu X, Lu H, Hwang I, Wang T. Tolerant mechanism of model legume plant Medicago truncatula to drought, salt, and cold stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847166. [PMID: 36160994 PMCID: PMC9490062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Legume plants produce one-third of the total yield of primary crops and are important food sources for both humans and animals worldwide. Frequent exposure to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, and cold, greatly limits the production of legume crops. Several morphological, physiological, and molecular studies have been conducted to characterize the response and adaptation mechanism to abiotic stresses. The tolerant mechanisms of the model legume plant Medicago truncatula to abiotic stresses have been extensively studied. Although many potential genes and integrated networks underlying the M. truncatula in responding to abiotic stresses have been identified and described, a comprehensive summary of the tolerant mechanism is lacking. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the adaptive mechanism by which M. truncatula responds to drought, salt, and cold stress. We also discuss future research that need to be explored to improve the abiotic tolerance of legume plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciencess, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciencess, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai Lu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciencess, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Li L, Du C, Wang L, Lai M, Fan H. Exogenous melatonin improves the resistance to cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13724. [PMID: 35611707 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans (Psl) is a bacterial pathogen that causes cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot (BALS). It is known that melatonin (MT), as a pleiotropic signal molecule, can improve plant stress tolerance, but less information is available about the function of MT on plant resistance to bacteria disease. Here, we investigated the effect of MT on cucumber BALS. Our results show that MT inhibited the bacteria Psl growth significantly in vitro and attenuated cucumber BALS remarkably in vivo. The concentration of bacteria in leaves treated with 0.1 mM MT was approximately 10,000 times reduced at 5 days-post-inoculation (dpi), compared to the control without MT. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 225 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were induced in leaves after just MT treatment for 3 h. The functions of these DEGs were mainly associated with hormone signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and photosynthesis, suggesting that MT could regulate plant growth and induce plant immunity. Moreover, 665 DEGs were induced when leaves were treated with exogenous MT in combination with the bacteria inoculation for 12 h. The functions of these DEGs were much related to plant-pathogen interaction, hormone signal transduction, and amino acids biosynthesis pathways. Many MT-induced DEGs were involved in some distinct signal transduction pathways, such as calmodulin (CaM), polyamines (PAs), nitric oxide (NO), and salicylic acid (SA). The physiological analysis shows that exogenous MT spray reduced the stomatal aperture and enhanced the activities of antioxidant and defense enzymes, which were in consistent with the results of the transcriptome analysis. In addition, MT may function in regulating the metabolic balance between plant growth and defense. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MT could alleviate the cucumber BALS via inhibiting propagation and invasion of Psl, activating plant signaling, enhancing antioxidative and defense systems, inducing stress-related genes expression, and regulating the plant growth-defense balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changxia Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengxia Lai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaifu Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Yin X, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Meng L, Zhang X, Liu H, Wang L, Cui G. Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on wild barley ( Hordeum brevisubulatum) under salt stress. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2041096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Yin
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yao Hu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yihang Zhao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Lingdong Meng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Haoyue Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Guowen Cui
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
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18
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Wu R, Liu Z, Wang J, Guo C, Zhou Y, Bawa G, Rochaix JD, Sun X. COE2 Is Required for the Root Foraging Response to Nitrogen Limitation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020861. [PMID: 35055047 PMCID: PMC8778332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There are numerous exchanges of signals and materials between leaves and roots, including nitrogen, which is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth and development. In this study we identified and characterized the Chlorophyll A/B-Binding Protein (CAB) (named coe2 for CAB overexpression 2) mutant, which is defective in the development of chloroplasts and roots under normal growth conditions. The phenotype of coe2 is caused by a mutation in the Nitric Oxide Associated (NOA1) gene that is implicated in a wide range of chloroplast functions including the regulation of metabolism and signaling of nitric oxide (NO). A transcriptome analysis reveals that expression of genes involved in metabolism and lateral root development are strongly altered in coe2 seedlings compared with WT. COE2 is expressed in hypocotyls, roots, root hairs, and root caps. Both the accumulation of NO and the growth of lateral roots are enhanced in WT but not in coe2 under nitrogen limitation. These new findings suggest that COE2-dependent signaling not only coordinates gene expression but also promotes chloroplast development and function by modulating root development and absorption of nitrogen compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Jiajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Chenxi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Yaping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - George Bawa
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (R.W.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Fukudome M, Shimokawa Y, Hashimoto S, Maesako Y, Uchi-Fukudome N, Niihara K, Osuki KI, Uchiumi T. Nitric Oxide Detoxification by Mesorhizobium loti Affects Root Nodule Symbiosis with Lotus japonicus. Microbes Environ 2021; 36. [PMID: 34470944 PMCID: PMC8446750 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me21038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Root nodule symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia involves nitric oxide (NO) regulation by both the host plant and symbiotic rhizobia. However, the mechanisms by which the rhizobial control of NO affects root nodule symbiosis in Lotus japonicus are unknown. Therefore, we herein investigated the effects of enhanced NO removal by Mesorhizobium loti on symbiosis with L. japonicus. The hmp gene, which in Sinorhizobium meliloti encodes a flavohemoglobin involved in NO detoxification, was introduced into M. loti to generate a transconjugant with enhanced NO removal. The symbiotic phenotype of the transconjugant with L. japonicus was examined. The transconjugant showed delayed infection and higher nitrogenase activity in mature nodules than the wild type, whereas nodule senescence was normal. This result is in contrast to previous findings showing that enhanced NO removal in L. japonicus by class 1 phytoglobin affected nodule senescence. To evaluate differences in NO detoxification between M. loti and L. japonicus, NO localization in nodules was investigated. The enhanced expression of class 1phytoglobin in L. japonicus reduced the amount of NO not only in infected cells, but also in vascular bundles, whereas that of hmp in M. loti reduced the amount of NO in infected cells only. This difference suggests that NO detoxification by M. loti exerts different effects in symbiosis than that by L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Fukudome
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University.,Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology
| | - Yuta Shimokawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
| | - Shun Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
| | - Yusuke Maesako
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
| | - Nahoko Uchi-Fukudome
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Kota Niihara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
| | - Ken-Ichi Osuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
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20
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Prakash V, Singh VP, Tripathi DK, Sharma S, Corpas FJ. Nitric oxide (NO) and salicylic acid (SA): A framework for their relationship in plant development under abiotic stress. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:39-49. [PMID: 33590621 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The free radical nitric oxide (NO) and the phenolic phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) are signal molecules which exert key functions at biochemical and physiological levels. Abiotic stresses, especially in early plant development, impose the biggest threats to agricultural systems and crop yield. These stresses impair plant growth and subsequently cause a reduction in root development, affecting nutrient uptake and crop productivity. The molecules NO and SA have been identified as robust tools for efficiently mitigating the negative effects of abiotic stress in plants. SA is engaged in an array of tasks under adverse environmental situations. The function of NO depends on its cellular concentration; at a low level, it acts as a signal molecule, while at a high level, it triggers nitro-oxidative stress. The crosstalk between NO and SA involving different signalling molecules and regulatory factors modulate plant function during stressful situations. Crosstalk between these two signalling molecules induces plant tolerance to abiotic stress and needs further investigation. This review aims to highlight signalling aspects of NO and SA in higher plants and critically discusses the roles of these two molecules in alleviating abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - V P Singh
- Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constitute PG College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - D K Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - F J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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21
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Sun C, Zhang Y, Liu L, Liu X, Li B, Jin C, Lin X. Molecular functions of nitric oxide and its potential applications in horticultural crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:71. [PMID: 33790257 PMCID: PMC8012625 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates plant growth, enhances nutrient uptake, and activates disease and stress tolerance mechanisms in most plants, making NO a potential tool for use in improving the yield and quality of horticultural crop species. Although the use of NO in horticulture is still in its infancy, research on NO in model plant species has provided an abundance of valuable information on horticultural crop species. Emerging evidence implies that the bioactivity of NO can occur through many potential mechanisms but occurs mainly through S-nitrosation, the covalent and reversible attachment of NO to cysteine thiol. In this context, NO signaling specifically affects crop development, immunity, and environmental interactions. Moreover, NO can act as a fumigant against a wide range of postharvest diseases and pests. However, for effective use of NO in horticulture, both understanding and exploring the biological significance and potential mechanisms of NO in horticultural crop species are critical. This review provides a picture of our current understanding of how NO is synthesized and transduced in plants, and particular attention is given to the significance of NO in breaking seed dormancy, balancing root growth and development, enhancing nutrient acquisition, mediating stress responses, and guaranteeing food safety for horticultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, 310015, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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Alleviative effects of nitric oxide on Vigna radiata seedlings under acidic rain stress. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2243-2251. [PMID: 33689094 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulatory molecule in plants, its function in plants under conditions of simulated acid rain (SAR) has not been fully established yet. In this study, exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at three different concentrations were applied to mung bean seedlings. Malondialdehyde (MDA), NO, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidant enzyme activities, and nitrate reductases (NR) were measured. Real time PCR was used to measure the NR expression. Compared to the control, the NR activity and NO content under the pH 2 SAR decreased by 79% and 85.6% respectively. Meanwhile, the SAR treatment reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), while increased MDA content. Application of SNP could potentially reverse the adverse impact of SAR, depending on its concentration. For plants under the pH 2 SAR and 0.25 mM SNP condition, the activities of SOD, POD, APX increased by 123%, 291%, and 135.7% respectively, meanwhile, MDA concentration decreased by 43%, NR activities increased by 269%, and NO concentration increased by 123.6% compared with plants undergoing only pH 2 SAR. The relative expression of the NR1 gene was 2.69 times higher than that of pH 2 SAR alone. Overall, the application of 0.25 mM SNP eliminated reactive oxygen species (ROS) by stimulating antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing oxidative stress and mitigating the toxic effects of SAR on mung bean seedlings. This research provides a foundation for further research on the mechanism of NO on plants under SAR conditions.
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Tewari RK, Horemans N, Watanabe M. Evidence for a role of nitric oxide in iron homeostasis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:990-1006. [PMID: 33196822 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), once regarded as a poisonous air pollutant, is now understood as a regulatory molecule essential for several biological functions in plants. In this review, we summarize NO generation in different plant organs and cellular compartments, and also discuss the role of NO in iron (Fe) homeostasis, particularly in Fe-deficient plants. Fe is one of the most limiting essential nutrient elements for plants. Plants often exhibit Fe deficiency symptoms despite sufficient tissue Fe concentrations. NO appears to not only up-regulate Fe uptake mechanisms but also makes Fe more bioavailable for metabolic functions. NO forms complexes with Fe, which can then be delivered into target cells/tissues. NO generated in plants can alleviate oxidative stress by regulating antioxidant defense processes, probably by improving functional Fe status and by inducing post-translational modifications in the enzymes/proteins involved in antioxidant defense responses. It is hypothesized that NO acts in cooperation with transcription factors such as bHLHs, FIT, and IRO to regulate the expression of enzymes and proteins essential for Fe homeostasis. However, further investigations are needed to disentangle the interaction of NO with intracellular target molecules that leads to enhanced internal Fe availability in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nele Horemans
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang, Mol, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Chiba University, Inage-ward, Yayoicho, Chiba, Japan
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Li ZC, Ren QW, Guo Y, Ran J, Ren XT, Wu NN, Xu HY, Liu X, Liu JZ. Dual Roles of GSNOR1 in Cell Death and Immunity in Tetraploid Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:596234. [PMID: 33643341 PMCID: PMC7902495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.596234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) is the key enzyme that regulates cellular homeostasis of S-nitrosylation. Although extensively studied in Arabidopsis, the roles of GSNOR1 in tetraploid Nicotiana species have not been investigated previously. To study the function of NtGSNOR1, we knocked out two NtGSNOR1 genes simultaneously in Nicotiana tabacum using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/caspase 9 (Cas9) technology. To our surprise, spontaneous cell death occurred on the leaves of the CRISPR/Cas9 lines but not on those of the wild-type (WT) plants, suggesting that NtGSNOR1 negatively regulates cell death. The natural cell death on the CRISPR/Cas9 lines could be a result from interactions between overaccumulated nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This spontaneous cell death phenotype was not affected by knocking out two Enhanced disease susceptibility 1 genes (NtEDS11a/1b) and thus was independent of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. Unexpectedly, we found that the NtGSNOR1a/1b knockout plants displayed a significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced resistance to paraquat-induced cell death compared to WT plants, suggesting that NtGSNOR1 functions as a positive regulator of the paraquat-induced cell death. The increased resistance to the paraquat-induced cell death of the NtGSNOR1a/1b knockout plants was correlated with the reduced level of H2O2 accumulation. Interestingly, whereas the N gene-mediated resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was significantly enhanced (p < 0.001), the resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) in the NtGSNOR1a/1b knockout lines. In summary, our results indicate that NtGSNOR1 functions as both positive and negative regulator of cell death under different conditions and displays distinct effects on resistance against viral and bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Chao Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Qian-Wei Ren
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jie Ran
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Ren
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ni-Ni Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Hui-Yang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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25
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Liu J, Zhu XY, Deng LB, Liu HF, Li J, Zhou XR, Wang HZ, Hua W. Nitric oxide affects seed oil accumulation and fatty acid composition through protein S-nitrosation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:385-397. [PMID: 33045083 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule regulating several plant developmental and stress responses. Here, we report that NO plays an important role in seed oil content and fatty acid composition. RNAi silencing of Arabidopsis S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) led to reduced seed oil content. In contrast, nitrate reductase double mutant nia1nia2 had increased seed oil content, compared with wild-type plants. Moreover, the concentrations of palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3) were higher, whereas those of stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and arachidonic acid (C20:1) were lower, in seeds of GSNOR1 RNAi lines. Similar results were obtained with rapeseed embryos cultured in vitro with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and the NO inhibitor NG-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME). Compared with non-treated embryos, the oil content decreased in SNP-treated embryos, and increased in L-NAME-treated embryos. Relative concentrations of C16:0, C18:2 and C18:3 were higher, whereas C18:1 concentration decreased in rapeseed embryos treated with SNP. Proteomics and transcriptome analysis revealed that three S-nitrosated proteins and some key genes involved in oil synthesis, were differentially regulated in SNP-treated embryos. Therefore, regulating NO content could be a novel approach to increasing seed oil content in cultivated oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Bin Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Fang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- Agriculture and Food Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Han-Zhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Bharath P, Gahir S, Raghavendra AS. Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure: An Important Component of Plant Defense Against Abiotic and Biotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:615114. [PMID: 33746999 PMCID: PMC7969522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.615114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that accumulates under different abiotic and biotic stresses. A typical effect of ABA on leaves is to reduce transpirational water loss by closing stomata and parallelly defend against microbes by restricting their entry through stomatal pores. ABA can also promote the accumulation of polyamines, sphingolipids, and even proline. Stomatal closure by compounds other than ABA also helps plant defense against both abiotic and biotic stress factors. Further, ABA can interact with other hormones, such as methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA). Such cross-talk can be an additional factor in plant adaptations against environmental stresses and microbial pathogens. The present review highlights the recent progress in understanding ABA's multifaceted role under stress conditions, particularly stomatal closure. We point out the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive carbonyl species (RCS), nitric oxide (NO), and Ca2+ in guard cells as key signaling components during the ABA-mediated short-term plant defense reactions. The rise in ROS, RCS, NO, and intracellular Ca2+ triggered by ABA can promote additional events involved in long-term adaptive measures, including gene expression, accumulation of compatible solutes to protect the cell, hypersensitive response (HR), and programmed cell death (PCD). Several pathogens can counteract and try to reopen stomata. Similarly, pathogens attempt to trigger PCD of host tissue to their benefit. Yet, ABA-induced effects independent of stomatal closure can delay the pathogen spread and infection within leaves. Stomatal closure and other ABA influences can be among the early steps of defense and a crucial component of plants' innate immunity response. Stomatal guard cells are quite sensitive to environmental stress and are considered good model systems for signal transduction studies. Further research on the ABA-induced stomatal closure mechanism can help us design strategies for plant/crop adaptations to stress.
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Ma M, Wendehenne D, Philippot L, Hänsch R, Flemetakis E, Hu B, Rennenberg H. Physiological significance of pedospheric nitric oxide for root growth, development and organismic interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2336-2354. [PMID: 32681574 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is essential for plant growth and development, as well as interactions with abiotic and biotic environments. Its importance for multiple functions in plants means that tight regulation of NO concentrations is required. This is of particular significance in roots, where NO signalling is involved in processes, such as root growth, lateral root formation, nutrient acquisition, heavy metal homeostasis, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and root-mycorrhizal fungi interactions. The NO signal can also be produced in high levels by microbial processes in the rhizosphere, further impacting root processes. To explore these interesting interactions, in the present review, we firstly summarize current knowledge of physiological processes of NO production and consumption in roots and, thereafter, of processes involved in NO homeostasis in root cells with particular emphasis on root growth, development, nutrient acquisition, environmental stresses and organismic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - David Wendehenne
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Philippot
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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28
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De Simone G, di Masi A, Vita GM, Polticelli F, Pesce A, Nardini M, Bolognesi M, Ciaccio C, Coletta M, Turilli ES, Fasano M, Tognaccini L, Smulevich G, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C, Bruno S, Ascenzi P. Mycobacterial and Human Nitrobindins: Structure and Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:229-246. [PMID: 32295384 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Nitrobindins (Nbs) are evolutionary conserved all-β-barrel heme-proteins displaying a highly solvent-exposed heme-Fe(III) atom. The physiological role(s) of Nbs is almost unknown. Here, the structural and functional properties of ferric Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nb (Mt-Nb(III)) and ferric Homo sapiens Nb (Hs-Nb(III)) have been investigated and compared with those of ferric Arabidopsis thaliana Nb (At-Nb(III), Rhodnius prolixus nitrophorins (Rp-NP(III)s), and mammalian myoglobins. Results: Data here reported demonstrate that Mt-Nb(III), At-Nb(III), and Hs-Nb(III) share with Rp-NP(III)s the capability to bind selectively nitric oxide, but display a very low reactivity, if any, toward histamine. Data obtained overexpressing Hs-Nb in human embryonic kidney 293 cells indicate that Hs-Nb localizes mainly in the cytoplasm and partially in the nucleus, thanks to a nuclear localization sequence encompassing residues Glu124-Leu154. Human Hs-Nb corresponds to the C-terminal domain of the human nuclear protein THAP4 suggesting that Nb may act as a sensor possibly modulating the THAP4 transcriptional activity residing in the N-terminal region. Finally, we provide strong evidence that both Mt-Nb(III) and Hs-Nb(III) are able to scavenge peroxynitrite and to protect free l-tyrosine against peroxynitrite-mediated nitration. Innovation: Data here reported suggest an evolutionarily conserved function of Nbs related to their role as nitric oxide sensors and components of antioxidant systems. Conclusion: Human THAP4 may act as a sensing protein that couples the heme-based Nb(III) reactivity with gene transcription. Mt-Nb(III) seems to be part of the pool of proteins required to scavenge reactive nitrogen and oxygen species produced by the host during the immunity response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Marco Nardini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Centro di Ricerche Pediatriche R.E. Invernizzi, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciaccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Emily Samuela Turilli
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia, Università dell'Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia, Università dell'Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tognaccini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff, Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giulietta Smulevich
- Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff, Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
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29
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Czékus Z, Csíkos O, Ördög A, Tari I, Poór P. Effects of Jasmonic Acid in ER Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Tomato Plants. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071031. [PMID: 32664460 PMCID: PMC7407312 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress elicits a protective mechanism called unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain cellular homeostasis, which can be regulated by defence hormones. In this study, the physiological role of jasmonic acid (JA) in ER stress and UPR signalling has been investigated in intact leaves of tomato plants. Exogenous JA treatments not only induced the transcript accumulation of UPR marker gene SlBiP but also elevated transcript levels of SlIRE1 and SlbZIP60. By the application of JA signalling mutant jai1 plants, the role of JA in ER stress sensing and signalling was further investigated. Treatment with tunicamycin (Tm), the inhibitor of N-glycosylation of secreted glycoproteins, increased the transcript levels of SlBiP. Interestingly, SlIRE1a and SlIRE1b were significantly lower in jai1. In contrast, the transcript accumulation of Bax Inhibitor-1 (SlBI1) and SlbZIP60 was higher in jai1. To evaluate how a chemical chaperone modulates Tm-induced ER stress, plants were treated with sodium 4-phenylbutyrate, which also decreased the Tm-induced increase in SlBiP, SlIRE1a, and SlBI1 transcripts. In addition, it was found that changes in hydrogen peroxide content, proteasomal activity, and lipid peroxidation induced by Tm is regulated by JA, while nitric oxide was not involved in ER stress and UPR signalling in leaves of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (O.C.); (A.Ö.); (I.T.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Csíkos
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (O.C.); (A.Ö.); (I.T.)
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (O.C.); (A.Ö.); (I.T.)
| | - Irma Tari
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (O.C.); (A.Ö.); (I.T.)
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.C.); (O.C.); (A.Ö.); (I.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Liu R, Zhu T, Yang T, Yang Z, Ren A, Shi L, Zhu J, Yu H, Zhao M. Nitric oxide regulates ganoderic acid biosynthesis by the S-nitrosylation of aconitase under heat stress in Ganoderma lucidum. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:682-695. [PMID: 32483888 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule in stress response of organisms. We previously reported that NO decreases heat stress (HS)-induced ganoderic acid (GA) accumulation in Ganoderma lucidum. To explore the mechanisms by which NO modulates GA biosynthesis under HS, the effect of NO on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was examined. The results showed that NO decreased the production of mitochondrial ROS (mitROS) by 60% under HS. Further research revealed that NO reduced the mitROS content by inhibiting aconitase (Acon) activity. The GA content in Acon-silenced (Aconi) strains treated with NO donor did not differ significantly from that in untreated Aconi strains. To study the mechanism by which Acon activity is inhibited, the S-nitrosylation level of Acon was determined. Biotin-switch technology and mass spectrometry analysis were used to show that Acon is S-nitrosylated at the Cys-594 amino acid residue. Substitution of Cys-594 with a Ser, which cannot be S-nitrosylated, abolished the responsiveness of Acon to the NO-induced reduction in its enzymatic activity. These findings demonstrate that NO inhibits Acon activity through S-nitrosylation at Cys-594. In summary, these findings describe mechanism by which NO regulates GA biosynthesis via S-nitrosylation of Acon under HS condition in G. lucidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhengyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Hanshou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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31
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Semeradova H, Montesinos JC, Benkova E. All Roads Lead to Auxin: Post-translational Regulation of Auxin Transport by Multiple Hormonal Pathways. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100048. [PMID: 33367243 PMCID: PMC7747973 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a key hormonal regulator, that governs plant growth and development in concert with other hormonal pathways. The unique feature of auxin is its polar, cell-to-cell transport that leads to the formation of local auxin maxima and gradients, which coordinate initiation and patterning of plant organs. The molecular machinery mediating polar auxin transport is one of the important points of interaction with other hormones. Multiple hormonal pathways converge at the regulation of auxin transport and form a regulatory network that integrates various developmental and environmental inputs to steer plant development. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that underlie regulation of polar auxin transport by multiple hormonal pathways. Specifically, we focus on the post-translational mechanisms that contribute to fine-tuning of the abundance and polarity of auxin transporters at the plasma membrane and thereby enable rapid modification of the auxin flow to coordinate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Semeradova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Eva Benkova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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32
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Lim GH, Liu H, Yu K, Liu R, Shine MB, Fernandez J, Burch-Smith T, Mobley JK, McLetchie N, Kachroo A, Kachroo P. The plant cuticle regulates apoplastic transport of salicylic acid during systemic acquired resistance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0478. [PMID: 32494705 PMCID: PMC7202870 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant cuticle is often considered a passive barrier from the environment. We show that the cuticle regulates active transport of the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA). SA, an important regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), is preferentially transported from pathogen-infected to uninfected parts via the apoplast. Apoplastic accumulation of SA, which precedes its accumulation in the cytosol, is driven by the pH gradient and deprotonation of SA. In cuticle-defective mutants, increased transpiration and reduced water potential preferentially routes SA to cuticle wax rather than to the apoplast. This results in defective long-distance transport of SA, which in turn impairs distal accumulation of the SAR-inducer pipecolic acid. High humidity reduces transpiration to restore systemic SA transport and, thereby, SAR in cuticle-defective mutants. Together, our results demonstrate that long-distance mobility of SA is essential for SAR and that partitioning of SA between the symplast and cuticle is regulated by transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Keshun Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Ruiying Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - M. B. Shine
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Jessica Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, TN 37996, USA
| | - Tessa Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, TN 37996, USA
| | - Justin K. Mobley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | | | - Aardra Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Pradeep Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Tajima S, Nakata E, Sakaguchi R, Saimura M, Mori Y, Morii T. Fluorescence detection of the nitric oxide-induced structural change at the putative nitric oxide sensing segment of TRPC5. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Van Meeteren U, Kaiser E, Malcolm Matamoros P, Verdonk JC, Aliniaeifard S. Is nitric oxide a critical key factor in ABA-induced stomatal closure? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:399-410. [PMID: 31565739 PMCID: PMC6913703 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide (NO) in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure is a matter of debate. We conducted experiments in Vicia faba leaves using NO gas and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO-donor compound, and compared their effects to those of ABA. In epidermal strips, stomatal closure was induced by ABA but not by NO, casting doubt on the role of NO in ABA-mediated stomatal closure. Leaf discs and intact leaves showed a dual dose response to NO: stomatal aperture widened at low dosage and narrowed at high dosage. Overcoming stomatal resistance by means of high CO2 concentration ([CO2]) restored photosynthesis in ABA-treated leaf discs but not in those exposed to NO. NO inhibited photosynthesis immediately, causing an instantaneous increase in intercellular [CO2] (Ci), followed by stomatal closure. However, lowering Ci by using low ambient [CO2] showed that it was not the main factor in NO-induced stomatal closure. In intact leaves, the rate of stomatal closure in response to NO was about one order of magnitude less than after ABA application. Because of the different kinetics of photosynthesis and stomatal closure that were observed, we conclude that NO is not likely to be the key factor in ABA-induced rapid stomatal closure, but that it fine-tunes stomatal aperture via different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uulke Van Meeteren
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Priscila Malcolm Matamoros
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julian C Verdonk
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, PC. 3391653775, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
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Chen Z, Zhao X, Hu Z, Leng P. Nitric oxide modulating ion balance in Hylotelephium erythrostictum roots subjected to NaCl stress based on the analysis of transcriptome, fluorescence, and ion fluxes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18317. [PMID: 31797954 PMCID: PMC6892800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization is one of the main stress factors that affect both growth and development of plants. Hylotelephium erythrostictum exhibits strong resistance to salt, but the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, hydroponically cultured seedlings of H. erythrostictum were exposed to 200 mM NaCl. RNA-Seq was used to determine root transcriptomes at 0, 5, and 10 days, and potential candidate genes with differential expression were analyzed. Transcriptome sequencing generated 89.413 Gb of raw data, which were assembled into 111,341 unigenes, 82,081 of which were annotated. Differentially expressed genes associated to Na+ and K+ transport, Ca2+ channel, calcium binding protein, and nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis had high expression levels in response to salt stress. An increased fluorescence intensity of NO indicated that it played an important role in the regulation of the cytosolic K+/Na+ balance in response to salt stress. Exogenous NO donor and NO biosynthesis inhibitors significantly increased and decreased the Na+ efflux, respectively, thus causing the opposite effect for K+ efflux. Moreover, under salt stress, exogenous NO donors and NO biosynthesis inhibitors enhanced and reduced Ca2+ influx, respectively. Combined with Ca2+ reagent regulation of Na+ and K+ fluxes, this study identifies how NaCl-induced NO may function as a signaling messenger that modulates the K+/Na+ balance in the cytoplasm via the Ca2+ signaling pathway. This enhances the salt resistance in H. erythrostictum roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xueqi Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zenghui Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Pingsheng Leng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Feng J, Chen L, Zuo J. Protein S-Nitrosylation in plants: Current progresses and challenges. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:1206-1223. [PMID: 30663237 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule regulating diverse biological processes in all living organisms. A major physiological function of NO is executed via protein S-nitrosylation, a redox-based posttranslational modification by covalently adding a NO molecule to a reactive cysteine thiol of a target protein. S-nitrosylation is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism modulating multiple aspects of cellular signaling. During the past decade, significant progress has been made in functional characterization of S-nitrosylated proteins in plants. Emerging evidence indicates that protein S-nitrosylation is ubiquitously involved in the regulation of plant development and stress responses. Here we review current understanding on the regulatory mechanisms of protein S-nitrosylation in various biological processes in plants and highlight key challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Feng
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Lichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianru Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Marmolejo-Tejada JM, Jaramillo-Botero A. Partially-oxidized phosphorene sensor for the detection of sub-nano molar concentrations of nitric oxide: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19083-19091. [PMID: 31432839 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03912k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of new techniques or instruments for detecting and accurately measuring biomarker concentrations in living organisms is essential for early diagnosis of diseases, and for tracking the effectiveness of treatments. In chronic diseases, such as asthma, precise phenotyping can help predict the response of patients to treatments and reduce the risk of complications. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a positive biomarker for eosinophilic asthma in humans, and it can be directly detected in the respiratory tract, at very low and volatile concentrations, which makes real-time measurement a challenge. This work describes the first-principles design and characterization of a molecular- and back-gated electronic field-effect transistor device for the detection and measurement of ultra-low FeNO concentrations (pM-nM) from a person' s exhaled breath, as a cost-efficient alternative to the slower and more expensive techniques based on off-line sputum characterization via mass spectrometry. The proposed device uses a partially oxidized phosphorene semiconducting channel material for FeNO detection, allowing nM L-1 concentration measurements of this analyte in an array configuration with an effective sensing surface area of 8.775 μm2, which results in a predicted limit of detection (LOD) of 19 nM L-1. In spite of the limited stability of phosphorene in oxygen-rich and humid environments, the proposed device would be practical for mobile applications with disposable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Marmolejo-Tejada
- Electronics and Computer Science Division, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali 760031, Colombia
| | - Andres Jaramillo-Botero
- Electronics and Computer Science Division, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali 760031, Colombia and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Jedelská T, Kraiczová VŠ, Berčíková L, Činčalová L, Luhová L, Petřivalský M. Tomato Root Growth Inhibition by Salinity and Cadmium Is Mediated By S-Nitrosative Modifications of ROS Metabolic Enzymes Controlled by S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E393. [PMID: 31438648 PMCID: PMC6788187 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) exerts crucial roles in the homeostasis of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in plant cells through indirect control of S-nitrosation, an important protein post-translational modification in signaling pathways of NO. Using cultivated and wild tomato species, we studied GSNOR function in interactions of key enzymes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism with RNS mediated by protein S-nitrosation during tomato root growth and responses to salinity and cadmium. Application of a GSNOR inhibitor N6022 increased both NO and S-nitrosothiol levels and stimulated root growth in both genotypes. Moreover, N6022 treatment, as well as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) application, caused intensive S-nitrosation of important enzymes of ROS metabolism, NADPH oxidase (NADPHox) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Under abiotic stress, activities of APX and NADPHox were modulated by S-nitrosation. Increased production of H2O2 and subsequent oxidative stress were observed in wild Solanumhabrochaites, together with increased GSNOR activity and reduced S-nitrosothiols. An opposite effect occurred in cultivated S. lycopersicum, where reduced GSNOR activity and intensive S-nitrosation resulted in reduced ROS levels by abiotic stress. These data suggest stress-triggered disruption of ROS homeostasis, mediated by modulation of RNS and S-nitrosation of NADPHox and APX, underlies tomato root growth inhibition by salinity and cadmium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Jedelská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Šmotková Kraiczová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Present address: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Berčíková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Present address: Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Činčalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Phukan T, Syiem MB. Modulation of oxidant and antioxidant homeostasis in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg1 under UV-C radiation stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 213:105228. [PMID: 31229888 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work was conducted to study how restoration of perturbed oxidant and antioxidant homeostasis is achieved in the UV-C radiation exposed cells of cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg1. Exposure to varying doses of UV-C radiation (6, 12, 18 and 24 mJ/cm2) showed damage to ultrastructures especially cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall and organisation of thylakoid membranes of the cyanobacterium under transmission electron microscope (TEM). All doses of UV-C exposure significantly induced most of the enzymatic antioxidant {catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR)} activities, their protein levels (western blot analysis) and mRNA levels (real time PCR analysis) within the first hour of post UV-C radiation incubation period. In the same way, contents of many non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, proline, phenol and flavonoids were also augmented in response to such UV-C radiation exposure. Although notable increase in ROS level was only seen in cultures treated with 24 mJ/cm2 UV-C exposure which also registered increase in protein oxidation (22%) and lipid peroxidation (20%), this boost in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants was significant in all radiation exposed cells indicating cell's preparation to combat rise in oxidants. Further, albeit all antioxidants increased considerably, their levels were restored back to control values by day seventh re-establishing physiological redox state for normal metabolic function. The combined efficiency of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were so effective that they were able to bring down the increase levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation to the physiological levels within 1 h of radiation exposure signifying their importance in the defensive roles in protecting the organism from oxidative toxicity induced by UV-C radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridip Phukan
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Mayashree B Syiem
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India.
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Joshi R, Paul M, Kumar A, Pandey D. Role of calreticulin in biotic and abiotic stress signalling and tolerance mechanisms in plants. Gene 2019; 714:144004. [PMID: 31351124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is calcium binding protein of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which performs plethora of functions besides it's role as molecular chaperone. Among the three different isoforms of this protein, CRT3 is most closely related to primitive CRT gene of higher plants. Based on their distinct structural and functional organisation, the plant CRTs have been known to contain three different domains: N, P and the C domain. The domain organisation and various biochemical characterstics of plant and animal CRTs are common with the exception of some differences. In plant calreticulin, the important N-glycosylation site(s) are replaced by the glycan chain(s) and several consensus sequences for in vitro phosphorylation by protein kinase CK2 (casein kinase-2), are also present unlike the animal calreticulin. Biotic and abiotic stresses play a significant role in bringing down the crop production. The role of various phytohormones in defense against fungal pathogens is well documented. CRT3 has been reported to play important role in protecting the plants against fungal and bacterial pathogens and in maintaining plant innate immunity. There is remarkable crosstalk between CRT mediated signalling and biotic, abiotic stress, and phytohormone mediated signalling pathways The role of CRT mediated pathway in mitigating biotic and abiotic stress can be further explored in plants so as to strategically modify it for development of stress tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Joshi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Ag.& Tech., Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meenu Paul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Ag.& Tech., Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Rani Laxmi Bai Central Agriculture University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Ag.& Tech., Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
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Tewari RK, Horemans N, Nauts R, Wannijn J, Van Hees M, Vandenhove H. The nitric oxide suppressed Arabidopsis mutants- Atnoa1 and Atnia1nia2noa1-2 produce nitric oxide in MS growth medium and on uranium exposure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 140:9-17. [PMID: 31078053 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mutants Atnoa1 and Atnia1nia2noa1-2 having a defective chloroplast developmental process, showed enhanced chlorophyll levels when they were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and on exposure with uranium (U) on Hoagland medium. Thus we hypothesized that these mutants probably produced NO in MS medium and on exposure with U. Wild-type Col-0, Atnoa1, Atnia1nia2noa1-2 plants were cultured on modified Hoagland and 1/10 MS media and NO generation in the roots of these mutants was monitored using NO selective fluorescent dyes, DAF-2DA and Fl2E. Both Atnoa1 and Atnia1nia2noa1-2 triple mutants produced NO as observed by increases in DAF-2T and Fl2E fluorescence when these mutants were grown on MS medium but not on Hoagland medium. In presence of NO scavenger, methylene blue (MB, 200 μM), DAF-2T and Fl2E fluorescence was completely abolished. On the other hand treatment of the plants with 25 μM U triggered NO generation. U-treated Atnoa1 and Atnia1nia2noa1-2 plants upregulated genes (POR B, POR D, CHL D) involved in the chlorophyll biosynthesis. From these results it was concluded that Atnoa1 and Atnia1nia2noa1-2 are conditional NO producers and it appears that NO generation in plants substantially depends on growth medium and NIA1, NIA2 or NOA1 does not appear to be really involved in NO generation in MS medium or after U exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Tewari
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India; Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium.
| | - Nele Horemans
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium; Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Robin Nauts
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Jean Wannijn
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium.
| | - May Van Hees
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium.
| | - Hildegarde Vandenhove
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium.
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Kaya C, Akram NA, Ashraf M. Influence of exogenously applied nitric oxide on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) plants grown under iron deficiency and/or saline stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:247-263. [PMID: 30091474 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A study was carried out to assess the protective effects of exogenously applied nitric oxide (NO) in the form of its donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to strawberry seedlings (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Camarosa) grown under iron deficiency (ID), salinity stress or combination of both. The experimental design contained control, 0.1 mM FeSO4 (ID, Fe deficiency); 50 mM NaCl (S, Salinity) and ID + S. Plants were sprayed with 0.1 mM SNP or 0.1 mM sodium ferrocyanide, an analogue of SNP containing no NO. The deleterious effects of ID + S treatments on plant fresh and dry matters, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence were more striking than those caused by the ID or S treatment alone. Furthermore, combination of salinity and iron stress exacerbated electrolyte leakage (EL) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) in plant leaves compared to those in plants grown with either of the single stresses. NO treatment effectively reduced EL, MDA and H2 O2 in plants grown under stress conditions applied singly or in combination. Salt stress alone and with ID reduced the superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activities but increased that of POD (EC 1.17.1.7). Exogenously applied NO led to significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in either ID or S than those by ID+S. Overall, exogenously applied NO was more effective in mitigating the stress-induced adverse effects on the strawberry plants exposed to a single stress than those due to the combination of both stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Nudrat A Akram
- Department of Botany, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Wang Z, Ma LY, Cao J, Li YL, Ding LN, Zhu KM, Yang YH, Tan XL. Recent Advances in Mechanisms of Plant Defense to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1314. [PMID: 31681392 PMCID: PMC6813280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is an unusual pathogen which has the broad host range, diverse infection modes, and potential double feeding lifestyles of both biotroph and necrotroph. It is capable of infecting over 400 plant species found worldwide and more than 60 names have agriculturally been used to refer to diseases caused by this pathogen. Plant defense to S. sclerotiorum is a complex biological process and exhibits a typical quantitative disease resistance (QDR) response. Recent studies using Arabidopsis thaliana and crop plants have obtained new advances in mechanisms used by plants to cope with S. sclerotiorum infection. In this review, we focused on our current understanding on plant defense mechanisms against this pathogen, and set up a model for the defense process including three stages: recognition of this pathogen, signal transduction and defense response. We also have a particular interest in defense signaling mediated by diverse signaling molecules. We highlight the current challenges and unanswered questions in both the defense process and defense signaling. Essentially, we discussed candidate resistance genes newly mapped by using high-throughput experiments in important crops, and classified these potential gene targets into different stages of the defense process, which will broaden our understanding of the genetic architecture underlying quantitative resistance to S. sclerotiorum. We proposed that more powerful mapping population(s) will be required for accurate and reliable QDR gene identification.
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Lu Y, Yao J. Chloroplasts at the Crossroad of Photosynthesis, Pathogen Infection and Plant Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3900. [PMID: 30563149 PMCID: PMC6321325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis, pathogen infection, and plant defense are three important biological processes that have been investigated separately for decades. Photosynthesis generates ATP, NADPH, and carbohydrates. These resources are utilized for the synthesis of many important compounds, such as primary metabolites, defense-related hormones abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, and antimicrobial compounds. In plants and algae, photosynthesis and key steps in the synthesis of defense-related hormones occur in chloroplasts. In addition, chloroplasts are major generators of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, and a site for calcium signaling. These signaling molecules are essential to plant defense as well. All plants grown naturally are attacked by pathogens. Bacterial pathogens enter host tissues through natural openings or wounds. Upon invasion, bacterial pathogens utilize a combination of different virulence factors to suppress host defense and promote pathogenicity. On the other hand, plants have developed elaborate defense mechanisms to protect themselves from pathogen infections. This review summarizes recent discoveries on defensive roles of signaling molecules made by plants (primarily in their chloroplasts), counteracting roles of chloroplast-targeted effectors and phytotoxins elicited by bacterial pathogens, and how all these molecules crosstalk and regulate photosynthesis, pathogen infection, and plant defense, using chloroplasts as a major battlefield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
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Lavanya SN, Udayashankar AC, Raj SN, Mohan CD, Gupta VK, Tarasatyavati C, Srivastava R, Nayaka SC. Lipopolysaccharide-induced priming enhances NO-mediated activation of defense responses in pearl millet challenged with Sclerospora graminicola. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:475. [PMID: 30456009 PMCID: PMC6226417 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicitors isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens UOM SAR 14 effectively induced systemic and durable resistance against pearl millet downy mildew disease caused by the oomycete Sclerospora graminicola. Rapid and increased callose deposition and H2O2 accumulation were evidenced in downy mildew susceptible seeds pre-treated with LPS (SLPS) in comparison with the control seedlings, which also correlated with expression of various other defense responses. Biochemical analysis of enzymes and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data suggested that LPS protects pearl millet against downy mildew through the activation of plant defense mechanisms such as generation of nitric oxide (NO), increased expression, and activities of defense enzymes and proteins. Elevation of NO concentrations was shown to be essential for LPS-mediated defense manifestation in pearl millet and had an impact on the other downstream defense responses like enhanced activation of enzymes and pathogen-related (PR) proteins. Temporal expression analysis of defense enzymes and PR-proteins in SLPS seedlings challenged with the downy mildew pathogen revealed that the activity and expression of peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and the PR-proteins (PR-1 and PR-5) were significantly enhanced compared to untreated control. Higher gene expression and protein activities of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) were observed in SLPS seedlings which were similar to that of the resistant check. Collectively, our results suggest that, in pearl millet-downy mildew interaction, LPS pre-treatment affects defense signaling through the central regulator NO which triggers the activities of PAL, POX, PR-1, PR-5, and HRGPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Lavanya
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006 India
| | - A. C. Udayashankar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006 India
| | - S. Niranjan Raj
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangotri, Mysore, 570006 India
| | | | - V. K. Gupta
- ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - C. Tarasatyavati
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Mandor, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342304 India
| | - R. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana 502324 India
| | - S. Chandra Nayaka
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006 India
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Drzeżdżon J, Jacewicz D, Chmurzyński L. The impact of environmental contamination on the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species - Consequences for plants and humans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:133-151. [PMID: 29957355 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals, nanomaterials, and pesticides, induce the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Plants interact closely with the atmosphere, water, and soil, and consequently RONS intensely affect their biochemistry. For the past 30 years researchers have thoroughly examined the role of RONS in plant organisms and oxidative modifications to cellular components. Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, nitrogen(II) oxide, and hydroxyl radicals have been found to take part in many metabolic pathways. In this review the various aspects of the oxidative stress induced by environmental contamination are described based on an analysis of literature. The review reinforces the contention that RONS play a dual role, that is, both a deleterious and a beneficial one, in plants. Environmental contamination affects human health, also, and so we have additionally described the impact of RONS on the coupled human - environment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Drzeżdżon
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Jacewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Lech Chmurzyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Mira MM, Huang S, Hill RD, Stasolla C. Protection of root apex meristem during stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1428517. [PMID: 29341848 PMCID: PMC5846546 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1428517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
By regulating the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in a cell and tissue specific fashion, Phytoglobins (Pgbs), plant hemoglobin-like proteins, interfere with many NO-mediated pathways participating in developmental and stress-related responses. Recent evidence reveals that one of the functions of Pgbs is to protect the root apical meristem (RAM) from stress conditions by retaining the viability and function of the quiescent center (QC), required to maintain the stem cells in an undifferentiated state and ensure proper tissue patterning and root viability. Based on this and other evidence, it is suggested that Pgbs regulate cell fate by modulating NO homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Mira
- Permanent address: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shuanglong Huang
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert D. Hill
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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48
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De Simone G, Ascenzi P, di Masi A, Polticelli F. Nitrophorins and nitrobindins: structure and function. Biomol Concepts 2018; 8:105-118. [PMID: 28574374 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical all α-helical globins are present in all living organisms and are ordered in three lineages: (i) flavohemoglobins and single domain globins, (ii) protoglobins and globin coupled sensors and (iii) truncated hemoglobins, displaying the 3/3 or the 2/2 all α-helical fold. However, over the last two decades, all β-barrel and mixed α-helical-β-barrel heme-proteins displaying heme-based functional properties (e.g. ligand binding, transport and sensing) closely similar to those of all α-helical globins have been reported. Monomeric nitrophorins (NPs) and α1-microglobulin (α1-m), belonging to the lipocalin superfamily and nitrobindins (Nbs) represent prototypical heme-proteins displaying the all β-barrel and mixed α-helical-β-barrel folds. NPs are confined to the Reduviidae and Cimicidae families of Heteroptera, whereas α1-m and Nbs constitute heme-protein families spanning bacteria to Homo sapiens. The structural organization and the reactivity of the stable ferric solvent-exposed heme-Fe atom suggest that NPs and Nbs are devoted to NO transport, storage and sensing, whereas Hs-α1-m participates in heme metabolism. Here, the structural and functional properties of NPs and Nbs are reviewed in parallel with those of sperm whale myoglobin, which is generally taken as the prototype of monomeric globins.
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49
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Krasylenko YA, Yemets AI, Blume YB. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L‐NAME affects
Arabidopsis
root growth, morphology, and microtubule organization. Cell Biol Int 2017; 43:1049-1055. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya A. Krasylenko
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and GenomicsNational Academy of Sciences of UkraineOsipovskogo St. 2a, 04123Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Alla I. Yemets
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and GenomicsNational Academy of Sciences of UkraineOsipovskogo St. 2a, 04123Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav B. Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and GenomicsNational Academy of Sciences of UkraineOsipovskogo St. 2a, 04123Kyiv Ukraine
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50
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Pareek A, Khurana A, Sharma AK, Kumar R. An Overview of Signaling Regulons During Cold Stress Tolerance in Plants. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:498-511. [PMID: 29204079 PMCID: PMC5684653 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170228141345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants, being sessile organisms, constantly withstand environmental fluctuations, including low-temperature, also referred as cold stress. Whereas cold poses serious challenges at both physiological and developmental levels to plants growing in tropical or sub-tropical regions, plants from temperate climatic regions can withstand chilling or freezing temperatures. Several cold inducible genes have already been isolated and used in transgenic approach to generate cold tolerant plants. The conventional breeding methods and marker assisted selection have helped in developing plant with improved cold tolerance, however, the development of freezing tolerant plants through cold acclimation remains an unaccomplished task. Therefore, it is essential to have a clear understanding of how low temperature sensing strategies and corresponding signal transduction act during cold acclimation process. Herein, we synthesize the available information on the molecular mechanisms underlying cold sensing and signaling with an aim that the summarized literature will help develop efficient strategies to obtain cold tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pareek
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Ashima Khurana
- Ashima Khurana, Botany Department, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110002, India
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad500046, India
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