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Kim JH, Kim MS, Seo YW. Overexpression of a TaATL1 encoding RING-type E3 ligase negatively regulates cell division and flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111966. [PMID: 38151074 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The transition of food crops from the vegetative to reproductive stages is an important process that affects the final yield. Despite extensive characterization of E3 ligases in model plants, their roles in wheat development remain unknown. In this study, we elucidated the molecular function of wheat TaATL1 (Arabidopsis thaliana Toxicos EN Levadura), which acts as a negative regulator of flowering time and cell division. TaATL1 amino acid residues contain a RING domain and exist mainly in a beta-turn form. The expression level of TaATL1 was highly reduced during the transition from vegetative to reproductive stages. TaATL1 is localized in the nucleus and exhibits E3 ligase activity. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants, in which the TaATL1 gene is constitutively overexpressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S promoter, exhibited regulation of cell numbers, thereby influencing both leaf and root growth. Moreover, TaATL1 overexpression plants showed a late-flowering phenotype compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Following transcriptome analysis, it was discovered that 1661 and 901 differentially expressed genes were down- or up- regulated, respectively, in seedling stages between WT and TaATL1 overexpression. TaATL1 transcripts are involved in cell division, flowering, and signaling. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the regulatory mechanism of wheat TaATL1 gene plays a significant role in cell division-mediated flowering in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Seok Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Weon Seo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ojeong Plant Breeding Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Liang X, Ma Z, Ke Y, Wang J, Wang L, Qin B, Tang C, Liu M, Xian X, Yang Y, Wang M, Zhang Y. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal cellular and molecular patterns of rubber tree response to early powdery mildew infection. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2222-2237. [PMID: 36929646 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a perennial woody plant, the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) must adapt to various environmental challenges through gene expression in multiple cell types. It is still unclear how genes in this species are expressed at the cellular level and the precise mechanisms by which cells respond transcriptionally to environmental stimuli, especially in the case of pathogen infection. Here, we characterized the transcriptomes in Hevea leaves during early powdery mildew infection using single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified 10 cell types and constructed the first single-cell atlas of Hevea leaves. Distinct gene expression patterns of the cell clusters were observed under powdery mildew infection, which was especially significant in the epidermal cells. Most of the genes involved in host-pathogen interactions in epidermal cells exhibited a pattern of dramatically increased expression with increasing pseudotime. Interestingly, we found that the HbCNL2 gene, encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein, positively modulated the defence of rubber leaves against powdery mildew. Overexpression of the HbCNL2 gene triggered a typical cell death phenotype in tobacco leaves and a higher level of reactive oxygen species in the protoplasts of Hevea leaves. The HbCNL2 protein was located in the cytomembrane and nucleus, and its leucine-rich repeat domain interacted with the histidine kinase-like ATPase domain of the molecular chaperone HbHSP90 in the nucleus. Collectively, our results provide the first observation of the cellular and molecular responses of Hevea leaves to biotrophic pathogen infection and can guide the identification of disease-resistance genes in this important tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhan Ma
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuhang Ke
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Bi Qin
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xuemei Xian
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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3
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Üstüner S, Schäfer P, Eichmann R. Development specifies, diversifies and empowers root immunity. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55631. [PMID: 36330761 PMCID: PMC9724680 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Roots are a highly organised plant tissue consisting of different cell types with distinct developmental functions defined by cell identity networks. Roots are the target of some of the most devastating diseases and possess a highly effective immune system. The recognition of microbe- or plant-derived molecules released in response to microbial attack is highly important in the activation of complex immunity gene networks. Development and immunity are intertwined, and immunity activation can result in growth inhibition. In turn, by connecting immunity and cell identity regulators, cell types are able to launch a cell type-specific immunity based on the developmental function of each cell type. By this strategy, fundamental developmental processes of each cell type contribute their most basic functions to drive cost-effective but highly diverse and, thus, efficient immune responses. This review highlights the interdependence of root development and immunity and how the developmental age of root cells contributes to positive and negative outcomes of development-immunity cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sim Üstüner
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Ruth Eichmann
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
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4
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Li CC, Jhou SM, Li YC, Ciou JW, Lin YY, Hung SC, Chang JH, Chang JC, Sun DS, Chou ML, Chang HH. Exposure to low levels of photocatalytic TiO 2 nanoparticles enhances seed germination and seedling growth of amaranth and cruciferous vegetables. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18228. [PMID: 36309586 PMCID: PMC9617883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most common compounds on Earth, and it is used in natural forms or engineered bulks or nanoparticles (NPs) with increasing rates. However, the effect of TiO2 NPs on plants remains controversial. Previous studies demonstrated that TiO2 NPs are toxic to plants, because the photocatalytic property of TiO2 produces biohazardous reactive oxygen species. In contrast, another line of evidence suggested that TiO2 NPs are beneficial to plant growth. To verify this argument, in this study, we used seed germination of amaranth and cruciferous vegetables as a model system. Intriguingly, our data suggested that the controversy was due to the dosage effect. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 NPs positively affected seed germination and growth through gibberellins in a plant-tolerable range (0.1 and 0.2 mg/cm2), whereas overdosing (1 mg/cm2) induced tissue damage. Given that plants are the foundations of the ecosystem; these findings are useful for agricultural application, sustainable development and maintenance of healthy environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Li
- grid.414692.c0000 0004 0572 899XDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan ,Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sian-Ming Jhou
- grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Tzu-Chi Senior High School Affiliated With Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Li
- grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Tzu-Chi Senior High School Affiliated With Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Wei Ciou
- grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Tzu-Chi Senior High School Affiliated With Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - You-Yen Lin
- grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Hung
- grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan ,grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hsiang Chang
- grid.445052.20000 0004 0639 3773Department and Graduate School of Computer Science, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | | - Der-Shan Sun
- grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan ,grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Chou
- grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Department of Life Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan ,grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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5
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Leng H, Jiang C, Song X, Lu M, Wan X. Poplar aquaporin PIP1;1 promotes Arabidopsis growth and development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:253. [PMID: 34082706 PMCID: PMC8173918 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root hydraulic conductance is primarily determined by the conductance of living tissues to radial water flow. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) in root cortical cells are important for plants to take up water and are believed to be directly involved in cell growth. RESULTS In this study, we found that constitutive overexpression of the poplar root-specific gene PtoPIP1;1 in Arabidopsis accelerated bolting and flowering. At the early stage of the developmental process, PtoPIP1;1 OE Arabidopsis exhibited faster cell growth in both leaves and roots. The turgor pressure of plants was correspondingly increased in PtoPIP1;1 OE Arabidopsis, and the water status was changed. At the same time, the expression levels of flowering-related genes (CRY1, CRY2 and FCA) and hub genes in the regulatory networks underlying floral timing (FT and SOC1) were significantly upregulated in OE plants, while the floral repressor FLC gene was significantly downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of our study indicate that constitutive overexpression of PtoPIP1;1 in Arabidopsis accelerates bolting and flowering through faster cell growth in both the leaf and root at an early stage of the developmental process. The autonomous pathway of flowering regulation may be executed by monitoring developmental age. The increase in turgor and changes in water status with PtoPIP1;1 overexpression play a role in promoting cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huani Leng
- Institute of New Forestry Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Xianchong Wan
- Institute of New Forestry Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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6
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Rich-Griffin C, Stechemesser A, Finch J, Lucas E, Ott S, Schäfer P. Single-Cell Transcriptomics: A High-Resolution Avenue for Plant Functional Genomics. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:186-197. [PMID: 31780334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant function is the result of the concerted action of single cells in different tissues. Advances in RNA-seq technologies and tissue processing allow us now to capture transcriptional changes at single-cell resolution. The incredible potential of single-cell RNA-seq lies in the novel ability to study and exploit regulatory processes in complex tissues based on the behaviour of single cells. Importantly, the independence from reporter lines allows the analysis of any given tissue in any plant. While there are challenges associated with the handling and analysis of complex datasets, the opportunities are unique to generate knowledge of tissue functions in unprecedented detail and to facilitate the application of such information by mapping cellular functions and interactions in a plant cell atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Stechemesser
- Warwick Mathematics Institute, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jessica Finch
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Emma Lucas
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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7
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Killiny N, Nehela Y. Abscisic acid deficiency caused by phytoene desaturase silencing is associated with dwarfing syndrome in citrus. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:965-980. [PMID: 31055623 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In citrus, abscisic acid-deficiency was associated with a dwarfing phenotype, slow growth, small leaves, decreased fresh weight, and faster water loss. ABA supplementation reversed the dwarfing phenotype and enhanced growth. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a ubiquitously distributed phytohormone, which is almost produced by all living kingdoms. In plants, ABA plays pleiotropic physiological roles in growth, development, and stress responses. We explored the hidden relationship between ABA deficiency, and citrus dwarfing. We used targeted-HPLC, targeted-GC-MS, molecular genetics, immunoassays, and gene expression techniques to investigate the effects of the silencing of phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene on the ABA-biosynthetic pathway, endogenous ABA content, and other phytohormones. Silencing of PDS directly suppressed the carotenoids compounds involved in ABA biosynthesis, altered phytohormonal profile, and caused phytoene accumulation and ABA deficiency. The reduction of ABA presumably due to the limited availability of its precursor, zeaxanthin. The ABA-deficient citrus cuttings displayed photobleaching, a dwarf phenotype with impaired growth characteristics that included slow growth, small leaves, decreased fresh weight, and faster water loss. ABA supplementation enhanced the growth and reversed the dwarfing phenotype of the ABA-deficient cuttings. Our data demonstrate that ABA-deficiency may lead to dwarfing phenotype and impaired growth in citrus cuttings. The negative influence of ABA-deficiency on growth rate is the result of altered water relations. Addition of ABA to the CTV-tPDS roots restored shoot growth and reversed the dwarfing phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
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8
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Torres ES, Deal RB. The histone variant H2A.Z and chromatin remodeler BRAHMA act coordinately and antagonistically to regulate transcription and nucleosome dynamics in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:144-162. [PMID: 30742338 PMCID: PMC7259472 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants adapt to environmental changes by regulating transcription and chromatin organization. The histone H2A variant H2A.Z and the SWI2/SNF2 ATPase BRAHMA (BRM) have overlapping roles in positively and negatively regulating environmentally responsive genes in Arabidopsis, but the extent of this overlap was uncharacterized. Both factors have been associated with various changes in nucleosome positioning and stability in different contexts, but their specific roles in transcriptional regulation and chromatin organization need further characterization. We show that H2A.Z and BRM co-localize at thousands of sites, where they interact both cooperatively and antagonistically in transcriptional repression and activation of genes involved in development and responses to environmental stimuli. We identified eight classes of genes that show distinct relationships between H2A.Z and BRM with respect to their roles in transcription. These include activating and silencing transcription both redundantly and antagonistically. We found that H2A.Z contributes to a range of different nucleosome properties, while BRM stabilizes nucleosomes where it binds and destabilizes or repositions flanking nucleosomes. We also found that, at many genes regulated by both BRM and H2A.Z, both factors overlap with binding sites of the light-regulated transcription factor FAR1-Related Sequence 9 (FRS9) and that a subset of these FRS9 binding sites are dependent on H2A.Z and BRM for accessibility. Collectively, we comprehensively characterized the antagonistic and cooperative contributions of H2A.Z and BRM to transcriptional regulation, and illuminated several interrelated roles in chromatin organization. The variability observed in their individual functions implies that both BRM and H2A.Z have more context-dependent roles than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Shannon Torres
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology of the Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Roger B. Deal
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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9
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Salem MA, Giavalisco P. Regulatory-Associated Protein of TOR 1B (RAPTOR1B) regulates hormonal switches during seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1613130. [PMID: 31058576 PMCID: PMC6619983 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1613130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Target of Rapamycin (TOR) regulates multiple growth- and metabolic-related processes in Arabidopsis thaliana as in all other eukaryotes. While several of these processes have been investigated in diverse Arabidopsis growth stages, little is known about hormonal and metabolic regulation of TOR during seed germination. This is mainly due to the fact that Arabidopsis knockout lines of TOR are embryo lethal. Here, we utilized the knockout lines of TOR-interacting protein, REGULATORY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN OF TOR 1B (RAPTOR1B), to perform comprehensive hormone profiling during seed germination. We previously reported that RAPTOR1B positively regulates seed germination by maintaining the nutritional and hormonal balance. In the current analysis, dry and imbibed seeds as well as germinated seeds were subjected to detailed hormone analysis. Accordingly, the abscisic acid content of dry and imbibed raptor1b seeds was higher than that of WT, while the amounts of gibberellins were comparable after stratification. Further analysis showed that raptor1b seeds maintained higher levels of indole-3-acetic acid and jasmonates, namely jasmonic acid (JA) and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, even after stratification. The combination of this hormonal perturbation seems to be the driving factor for the observed delayed germination phenotypes in raptor1b seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Egypt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Germany
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10
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Zhao L, Wang C, Zhu F, Li Y. Mild osmotic stress promotes 4-methoxy indolyl-3-methyl glucosinolate biosynthesis mediated by the MKK9-MPK3/MPK6 cascade in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:543-555. [PMID: 28155113 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
MKK9-MPK3/MPK6 cascade positively regulates IGSs' biosynthetic genes. Glucosinolates (GSs), secondary metabolites well known for their roles in plant defense, have been implicated to play an important role in plant abiotic stress response; however, the exact role in these processes and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are extensively involved in plant abiotic stress response. In this study, we examined the levels of four indolic glucosinolates (IGSs) in the shoots of Arabidopsis seedlings under mild osmotic stress conditions and found that 4-methoxy indolyl-3-methyl glucosinolate (4MI3G) accumulated and that MPK3 and MPK6 were activated. Loss of MPK3 or MPK6 function led to a reduction in mild osmotic stress-induced 4MI3G. Further analyses revealed that MKK9 acts upstream of MPK3 and MPK6 to promote 4MI3G accumulation. The level of 4MI3G induced by mild osmotic stress was reduced in the mkk9 mutant. Conversely, 4MI3G increased in MKK9 DD , a constitutively activate mutant of MKK9. Gene expression analyses indicated that the activated MKK9-MPK3/MPK6 cascade upregulates the IGS biosynthetic genes. Moreover, the lack of MYB51, the transcription factor controlling biosynthetic genes responsible for synthesizing the IGS core structure, or CYP81F2, the enzyme catalyzing core structure modification to 4MI3G, significantly reduced mild osmotic stress- and MKK9 DD -induced 4MI3G. Thus, our study demonstrates that mild osmotic stress promotes 4MI3G biosynthesis and the accumulation in Arabidopsis through activation of the MKK9-MPK3/MPK6 cascade and provides an MAPK-mediated signaling pathway for the IGS response to abiotic stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuchu Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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11
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Shen L, Liu Z, Yang S, Yang T, Liang J, Wen J, Liu Y, Li J, Shi L, Tang Q, Shi W, Hu J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Lin W, Wang R, Yu H, Mou S, Hussain A, Cheng W, Cai H, He L, Guan D, Wu Y, He S. Pepper CabZIP63 acts as a positive regulator during Ralstonia solanacearum or high temperature-high humidity challenge in a positive feedback loop with CaWRKY40. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2439-51. [PMID: 26936828 PMCID: PMC4809298 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
CaWRKY40 is known to act as a positive regulator in the response of pepper (Capsicum annuum) to Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation (RSI) or high temperature-high humidity (HTHH), but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we report that CabZIP63, a pepper bZIP family member, participates in this process by regulating the expression of CaWRKY40. CabZIP63 was found to localize in the nuclei, be up-regulated by RSI or HTHH, bind to promoters of both CabZIP63(pCabZIP63) and CaWRKY40(pCaWRKY40), and activate pCabZIP63- and pCaWRKY40-driven β-glucuronidase expression in a C- or G-box-dependent manner. Silencing of CabZIP63 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in pepper plants significantly attenuated their resistance to RSI and tolerance to HTHH, accompanied by down-regulation of immunity- or thermotolerance-associated CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, and CaHSP24. Hypersensitive response-mediated cell death and expression of the tested immunity- and thermotolerance-associated marker genes were induced by transient overexpression (TOE) of CabZIP63, but decreased by that of CabZIP63-SRDX. Additionally, binding of CabZIP63 to pCaWRKY40 was up-regulated by RSI or HTHH, and the transcript level of CaWRKY40 and binding of CaWRKY40 to the promoters of CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1 and CaHSP24 were up-regulated by TOE of CabZIP63. On the other hand, CabZIP63 was also up-regulated transcriptionally by TOE of CaWRKY40. The data suggest collectively that CabZIP63 directly or indirectly regulates the expression of CaWRKY40 at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, forming a positive feedback loop with CaWRKY40 during pepper's response to RSI or HTHH. Altogether, our data will help to elucidate the underlying mechanism of crosstalk between pepper's response to RSI and HTHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Sheng Yang
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Tong Yang
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Jiazhi Li
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Lanping Shi
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Qian Tang
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Jiong Hu
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Cailing Liu
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Yangwen Zhang
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Rongzhang Wang
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Huanxin Yu
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Shaoliang Mou
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Ansar Hussain
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Wei Cheng
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Hanyang Cai
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Li He
- College of Life Science, Jinggang Shan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, PR China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Life Science, Jinggang Shan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, PR China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
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12
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Dinesh DC, Villalobos LIAC, Abel S. Structural Biology of Nuclear Auxin Action. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:302-316. [PMID: 26651917 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Auxin coordinates plant development largely via hierarchical control of gene expression. During the past decades, the study of early auxin genes paired with the power of Arabidopsis genetics have unraveled key nuclear components and molecular interactions that perceive the hormone and activate primary response genes. Recent research in the realm of structural biology allowed unprecedented insight into: (i) the recognition of auxin-responsive DNA elements by auxin transcription factors; (ii) the inactivation of those auxin response factors by early auxin-inducible repressors; and (iii) the activation of target genes by auxin-triggered repressor degradation. The biophysical studies reviewed here provide an impetus for elucidating the molecular determinants of the intricate interactions between core components of the nuclear auxin response module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhurvas Chandrasekaran Dinesh
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Luz Irina A Calderón Villalobos
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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13
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Shu K, Chen Q, Wu Y, Liu R, Zhang H, Wang P, Li Y, Wang S, Tang S, Liu C, Yang W, Cao X, Serino G, Xie Q. ABI4 mediates antagonistic effects of abscisic acid and gibberellins at transcript and protein levels. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 85:348-61. [PMID: 26708041 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones which antagonistically mediate numerous physiological processes, and their optimal balance is essential for normal plant development. However, the molecular mechanism underlying ABA and GA antagonism still needs to be determined. Here, we report that ABA-INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) is a central factor in GA/ABA homeostasis and antagonism in post-germination stages. ABI4 overexpression in Arabidopsis (OE-ABI4) leads to developmental defects including a decrease in plant height and poor seed production. The transcription of a key ABA biosynthetic gene, NCED6, and of a key GA catabolic gene, GA2ox7, is significantly enhanced by ABI4 overexpression. ABI4 activates NCED6 and GA2ox7 transcription by directly binding to the promoters, and genetic analysis revealed that mutation in these two genes partially rescues the dwarf phenotype of ABI4 overexpressing plants. Consistently, ABI4 overexpressing seedlings have a lower GA/ABA ratio than the wild type. We further show that ABA induces GA2ox7 transcription while GA represses NCED6 expression in an ABI4-dependent manner; and that ABA stabilizes the ABI4 protein whereas GA promotes its degradation. Taken together, these results suggest that ABA and GA antagonize each other by oppositely acting on ABI4 transcript and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ruijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shengfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sanyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Giovanna Serino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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14
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Plessis A, Hafemeister C, Wilkins O, Gonzaga ZJ, Meyer RS, Pires I, Müller C, Septiningsih EM, Bonneau R, Purugganan M. Multiple abiotic stimuli are integrated in the regulation of rice gene expression under field conditions. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26609814 PMCID: PMC4718725 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants rely on transcriptional dynamics to respond to multiple climatic fluctuations and contexts in nature. We analyzed the genome-wide gene expression patterns of rice (Oryza sativa) growing in rainfed and irrigated fields during two distinct tropical seasons and determined simple linear models that relate transcriptomic variation to climatic fluctuations. These models combine multiple environmental parameters to account for patterns of expression in the field of co-expressed gene clusters. We examined the similarities of our environmental models between tropical and temperate field conditions, using previously published data. We found that field type and macroclimate had broad impacts on transcriptional responses to environmental fluctuations, especially for genes involved in photosynthesis and development. Nevertheless, variation in solar radiation and temperature at the timescale of hours had reproducible effects across environmental contexts. These results provide a basis for broad-based predictive modeling of plant gene expression in the field. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08411.001 Plants need to be able to sense and respond to changes in temperature, light levels and other aspects of their environment. One way in which plants can rapidly respond to these changes is to modify how genes involved in growth and other processes are expressed. Therefore, understanding how this happens may help us to improve the ability of crops to grow when exposed to drought or other extreme environmental conditions. Most previous studies into the effect of the environment on plant gene expression have been carried out under controlled conditions in a laboratory. These findings cannot reflect the full range of gene expression patterns that occur in the natural environment, where multiple factors (e.g. sunlight, water, nutrients) may vary at the same time. Therefore, it is important to also analyze the effect of fluctuations in multiple environmental factors in more complex field experiments. Plessis et al. developed mathematical models to analyze the gene expression patterns of rice plants grown in the tropical environment of the Philippines using two different farming practices. One field of rice was flooded and constantly supplied with fresh water (referred to as the irrigated field), while the other field was dry and only received water from rainfall (the rainfed field). The experiments show that temperature and levels of sunlight (including UV radiation) have a strong impact on gene expression in the rice plants. Short-term variations in temperature and sunlight levels also have the most consistent effect across the different fields and seasons tested. However, for many genes, the plants grown in the irrigated field responded to the changes in environmental conditions in a different way to the plants grown in the rainfed field. Further analysis identified groups of genes whose expression combined responses to several environmental factors at the same time. For example, certain genes that responded to increases in sunlight in the absence of drought responded to both sunlight levels and the shortage of water when a drought occurred. The next step is to test more types of environments and climates to be able to predict gene expression responses under future climatic conditions. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08411.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Plessis
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Christoph Hafemeister
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Olivia Wilkins
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | | | - Rachel Sarah Meyer
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Inês Pires
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Christian Müller
- Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, United States
| | | | - Richard Bonneau
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, United States
| | - Michael Purugganan
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, United States
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15
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Centomani I, Sgobba A, D'Addabbo P, Dipierro N, Paradiso A, De Gara L, Dipierro S, Viggiano L, de Pinto MC. Involvement of DNA methylation in the control of cell growth during heat stress in tobacco BY-2 cells. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:1451-9. [PMID: 25712591 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The alteration of growth patterns, through the adjustment of cell division and expansion, is a characteristic response of plants to environmental stress. In order to study this response in more depth, the effect of heat stress on growth was investigated in tobacco BY-2 cells. The results indicate that heat stress inhibited cell division, by slowing cell cycle progression. Cells were stopped in the pre-mitotic phases, as shown by the increased expression of CycD3-1 and by the decrease in the NtCycA13, NtCyc29 and CDKB1-1 transcripts. The decrease in cell length and the reduced expression of Nt-EXPA5 indicated that cell expansion was also inhibited. Since DNA methylation plays a key role in controlling gene expression, the possibility that the altered expression of genes involved in the control of cell growth, observed during heat stress, could be due to changes in the methylation state of their promoters was investigated. The results show that the altered expression of CycD3-1 and Nt-EXPA5 was consistent with changes in the methylation state of the upstream region of these genes. These results suggest that DNA methylation, controlling the expression of genes involved in plant development, contributes to growth alteration occurring in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Centomani
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sgobba
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro D'Addabbo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Dipierro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Paradiso
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via A. del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Dipierro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Viggiano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta de Pinto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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16
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De Smet S, Cuypers A, Vangronsveld J, Remans T. Gene Networks Involved in Hormonal Control of Root Development in Arabidopsis thaliana: A Framework for Studying Its Disturbance by Metal Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19195-224. [PMID: 26287175 PMCID: PMC4581294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant survival under abiotic stress conditions requires morphological and physiological adaptations. Adverse soil conditions directly affect root development, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely to be discovered. Plant hormones regulate normal root growth and mediate root morphological responses to abiotic stress. Hormone synthesis, signal transduction, perception and cross-talk create a complex network in which metal stress can interfere, resulting in root growth alterations. We focus on Arabidopsis thaliana, for which gene networks in root development have been intensively studied, and supply essential terminology of anatomy and growth of roots. Knowledge of gene networks, mechanisms and interactions related to the role of plant hormones is reviewed. Most knowledge has been generated for auxin, the best-studied hormone with a pronounced primary role in root development. Furthermore, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, strigolactones, brassinosteroids and salicylic acid are discussed. Interactions between hormones that are of potential importance for root growth are described. This creates a framework that can be used for investigating the impact of abiotic stress factors on molecular mechanisms related to plant hormones, with the limited knowledge of the effects of the metals cadmium, copper and zinc on plant hormones and root development included as case example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie De Smet
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Tony Remans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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17
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Shi G, Guo X, Guo J, Liu L, Hua J. Analyzing serial cDNA libraries revealed reactive oxygen species and gibberellins signaling pathways in the salt response of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1005-23. [PMID: 25700980 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
By comparing series full-length cDNA libraries stressed and control, the dynamic process of salt stress response in Upland cotton was studied, and reactive oxygen species and gibberellins signaling pathways were proposed. The Upland cotton is the most important fiber plant with highly salt tolerance. However, the molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance in domesticated cotton was unclear. Here, seven full-length cDNA libraries were constructed for seedling roots of Upland cotton 'Zhong G 5' at 0, 3, 12 and 48 h after the treatment of control or 150 mM NaCl stress. About 3300 colonies in each library were selected robotically for 5'-end pyrosequencing, resulting in 20,358 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) totally. And 8516 uniESTs were then assembled, including 2914 contigs and 5602 singletons, and explored for Gene Ontology (GO) function. GO comparison between serial stress libraries and control reflected the growth regulation, stimulus response, signal transduction and biology regulation processes were conducted dynamically in response to salt stress. MYB, MYB-related, WRKY, bHLH, GRAS and ERF families of transcription factors were significantly enriched in the early response. 65 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), mainly associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, gibberellins (GAs) metabolism, signal transduction, transcription regulation, stress response and transmembrane transport, were identified and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Overexpression of selected DEGs increased tolerance against salt stress in transgenic yeast. Results in this study supported that a ROS-GAs interacting signaling pathway of salt stress response was activated in Upland cotton. Our results provided valuable gene resources for further investigation of the molecular mechanism of salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyao Shi
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China,
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18
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Sgobba A, Paradiso A, Dipierro S, De Gara L, de Pinto MC. Changes in antioxidants are critical in determining cell responses to short- and long-term heat stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:68-78. [PMID: 24796393 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress can have deleterious effects on plant growth by impairing several physiological processes. Plants have several defense mechanisms that enable them to cope with high temperatures. The synthesis and accumulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs), as well as the maintenance of an opportune redox balance play key roles in conferring thermotolerance to plants. In this study changes in redox parameters, the activity and/or expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes and the expression of two HSPs were studied in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (TBY-2) cells subjected to moderate short-term heat stress (SHS) and long-term heat stress (LHS). The results indicate that TBY-2 cells subjected to SHS suddenly and transiently enhance antioxidant systems, thus maintaining redox homeostasis and avoiding oxidative damage. The simultaneous increase in HSPs overcomes the SHS and maintains the metabolic functionality of cells. In contrast the exposure of cells to LHS significantly reduces cell growth and increases cell death. In the first phase of LHS, cells enhance antioxidant systems to prevent the formation of an oxidizing environment. Under prolonged heat stress, the antioxidant systems, and particularly the enzymatic ones, are inactivated. As a consequence, an increase in H2 O2 , lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation occurs. This establishment of oxidative stress could be responsible for the increased cell death. The rescue of cell growth and cell viability, observed when TBY-2 cells were pretreated with galactone-γ-lactone, the last precursor of ascorbate, and glutathione before exposure to LHS, highlights the crucial role of antioxidants in the acquisition of basal thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Sgobba
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70125, Italy
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19
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Cai H, Cheng J, Yan Y, Xiao Z, Li J, Mou S, Qiu A, Lai Y, Guan D, He S. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase and its closely related kinase genes in Capsicum annuum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:737. [PMID: 26442050 PMCID: PMC4584942 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As Ca2+ sensors and effectors, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental cues. However, no CDPKs have been characterized in Capsicum annuum thus far. Herein, a genome wide comprehensive analysis of genes encoding CDPKs and CDPK-related protein kinases (CRKs) was performed in pepper, a total of 31 CDPK genes and five closely related kinase genes were identified, which were phylogenetically divided into four distinct subfamilies and unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes. Conserved sequence and exon-intron structures were found to be shared by pepper CDPKs within the same subfamily, and the expansion of the CDPK family in pepper was found to be due to segmental duplication events. Five CDPKs in the C. annuum variety CM334 were found to be mutated in the Chiltepin variety, and one CDPK present in CM334 was lost in Chiltepin. The majority of CDPK and CRK genes were expressed in different pepper tissues and developmental stages, and 10, 12, and 8 CDPK genes were transcriptionally modified by salt, heat, and Ralstonia solanacearum stresses, respectively. Furthermore, these genes were found to respond specifically to one stress as well as respond synergistically to two stresses or three stresses, suggesting that these CDPK genes might be involved in the specific or synergistic response of pepper to salt, heat, and R. solanacearum. Our results lay the foundation for future functional characterization of pepper CDPK and its closely related gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Cai
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Junbin Cheng
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Zhuoli Xiao
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jiazhi Li
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Shaoliang Mou
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Ailian Qiu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yan Lai
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuilin He, National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Cole RA, McInally SA, Fowler JE. Developmentally distinct activities of the exocyst enable rapid cell elongation and determine meristem size during primary root growth in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:386. [PMID: 25551204 PMCID: PMC4302519 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exocytosis is integral to root growth: trafficking components of systems that control growth (e.g., PIN auxin transport proteins) to the plasma membrane, and secreting materials that expand the cell wall to the apoplast. Spatiotemporal regulation of exocytosis in eukaryotes often involves the exocyst, an octameric complex that tethers selected secretory vesicles to specific sites on the plasma membrane and facilitates their exocytosis. We evaluated Arabidopsis lines with mutations in four exocyst components (SEC5, SEC8, EXO70A1 and EXO84B) to explore exocyst function in primary root growth. RESULTS The mutants have root growth rates that are 82% to 11% of wild-type. Even in lines with the most severe defects, the organization of the quiescent center and tissue layers at the root tips appears similar to wild-type, although meristematic, transition, and elongation zones are shorter. Reduced cell production rates in the mutants are due to the shorter meristems, but not to lengthened cell cycles. Additionally, mutants demonstrate reduced anisotropic cell expansion in the elongation zone, but not the meristematic zone, resulting in shorter mature cells that are similar in shape to wild-type. As expected, hypersensitivity to brefeldin A links the mutant root growth defect to altered vesicular trafficking. Several experimental approaches (e.g., dose-response measurements, localization of signaling components) failed to identify aberrant auxin or brassinosteroid signaling as a primary driver for reduced root growth in exocyst mutants. CONCLUSIONS The exocyst participates in two spatially distinct developmental processes, apparently by mechanisms not directly linked to auxin or brassinosteroid signaling pathways, to help establish root meristem size, and to facilitate rapid cell expansion in the elongation zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex A Cole
- Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, 97331 OR USA
| | - Samantha A McInally
- Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, 97331 OR USA
| | - John E Fowler
- Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, 97331 OR USA
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21
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Verstraeten I, Schotte S, Geelen D. Hypocotyl adventitious root organogenesis differs from lateral root development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:495. [PMID: 25324849 PMCID: PMC4179338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wound-induced adventitious root (AR) formation is a requirement for plant survival upon root damage inflicted by pathogen attack, but also during the regeneration of plant stem cuttings for clonal propagation of elite plant varieties. Yet, adventitious rooting also takes place without wounding. This happens for example in etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls, in which AR initiate upon de-etiolation or in tomato seedlings, in which AR initiate upon flooding or high water availability. In the hypocotyl AR originate from a cell layer reminiscent to the pericycle in the primary root (PR) and the initiated AR share histological and developmental characteristics with lateral roots (LRs). In contrast to the PR however, the hypocotyl is a determinate structure with an established final number of cells. This points to differences between the induction of hypocotyl AR and LR on the PR, as the latter grows indeterminately. The induction of AR on the hypocotyl takes place in environmental conditions that differ from those that control LR formation. Hence, AR formation depends on differentially regulated gene products. Similarly to AR induction in stem cuttings, the capacity to induce hypocotyl AR is genotype-dependent and the plant growth regulator auxin is a key regulator controlling the rooting response. The hormones cytokinins, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and strigolactones in general reduce the root-inducing capacity. The involvement of this many regulators indicates that a tight control and fine-tuning of the initiation and emergence of AR exists. Recently, several genetic factors, specific to hypocotyl adventitious rooting in A. thaliana, have been uncovered. These factors reveal a dedicated signaling network that drives AR formation in the Arabidopsis hypocotyl. Here we provide an overview of the environmental and genetic factors controlling hypocotyl-born AR and we summarize how AR formation and the regulating factors of this organogenesis are distinct from LR induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
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22
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Grienenberger E, Douglas CJ. Arabidopsis VASCULAR-RELATED UNKNOWN PROTEIN1 regulates xylem development and growth by a conserved mechanism that modulates hormone signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1991-2010. [PMID: 24567189 PMCID: PMC3982757 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.236406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite a strict conservation of the vascular tissues in vascular plants (tracheophytes), our understanding of the genetic basis underlying the differentiation of secondary cell wall-containing cells in the xylem of tracheophytes is still far from complete. Using coexpression analysis and phylogenetic conservation across sequenced tracheophyte genomes, we identified a number of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes of unknown function whose expression is correlated with secondary cell wall deposition. Among these, the Arabidopsis VASCULAR-RELATED UNKNOWN PROTEIN1 (VUP1) gene encodes a predicted protein of 24 kD with no annotated functional domains but containing domains that are highly conserved in tracheophytes. Here, we show that the VUP1 expression pattern, determined by promoter-β-glucuronidase reporter gene expression, is associated with vascular tissues, while vup1 loss-of-function mutants exhibit collapsed morphology of xylem vessel cells. Constitutive overexpression of VUP1 caused dramatic and pleiotropic developmental defects, including severe dwarfism, dark green leaves, reduced apical dominance, and altered photomorphogenesis, resembling brassinosteroid-deficient mutants. Constitutive overexpression of VUP homologs from multiple tracheophyte species induced similar defects. Whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed that overexpression of VUP1 represses the expression of many brassinosteroid- and auxin-responsive genes. Additionally, deletion constructs and site-directed mutagenesis were used to identify critical domains and amino acids required for VUP1 function. Altogether, our data suggest a conserved role for VUP1 in regulating secondary wall formation during vascular development by tissue- or cell-specific modulation of hormone signaling pathways.
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Breuer C, Braidwood L, Sugimoto K. Endocycling in the path of plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 17:78-85. [PMID: 24507498 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Genome duplication is a widespread phenomenon in many eukaryotes. In plants numeric changes of chromosome sets have tremendous impact on growth performance and yields, hence, are of high importance for agriculture. In contrast to polyploidisation in which the genome is duplicated throughout the entire organism and stably inherited by the offspring, endopolyploidy relies on endocycles in which cells multiply the genome in specific tissues and cell types. During the endocycle cells repeatedly replicate their DNA but skip mitosis, leading to genome duplication after each round. Endocycles are common in multicellular eukaryotes and are often involved in the regulation of cell and organ growth. In plants, changes in cellular ploidy have also been associated with other developmental processes as well as physiological interactions with the surrounding environment. Thus, endocycles play pivotal roles throughout the life cycle of many plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Breuer
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Luke Braidwood
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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Action of jasmonates in plant stress responses and development--applied aspects. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:31-9. [PMID: 24095665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived compounds acting as key signaling compounds in plant stress responses and development. The JA co-receptor complex and several enzymes of JA biosynthesis have been crystallized, and various JA signal transduction pathways including cross-talk to most of the plant hormones have been intensively studied. Defense to herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens are mediated by JA. Other environmental cues mediated by JA are light, seasonal and circadian rhythms, cold stress, desiccation stress, salt stress and UV stress. During development growth inhibition of roots, shoots and leaves occur by JA, whereas seed germination and flower development are partially affected by its precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). Based on these numerous JA mediated signal transduction pathways active in plant stress responses and development, there is an increasing interest in horticultural and biotechnological applications. Intercropping, the mixed growth of two or more crops, mycorrhization of plants, establishment of induced resistance, priming of plants for enhanced insect resistance as well as pre- and post-harvest application of JA are few examples. Additional sources for horticultural improvement, where JAs might be involved, are defense against nematodes, biocontrol by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, altered composition of rhizosphere bacterial community, sustained balance between growth and defense, and improved plant immunity in intercropping systems. Finally, biotechnological application for JA-induced production of pharmaceuticals and application of JAs as anti-cancer agents were intensively studied.
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Chen W, Yin X, Wang L, Tian J, Yang R, Liu D, Yu Z, Ma N, Gao J. Involvement of rose aquaporin RhPIP1;1 in ethylene-regulated petal expansion through interaction with RhPIP2;1. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:219-33. [PMID: 23748738 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are multifunctional membrane channels and facilitate the transport of water across plant cell membranes. Among the plant AQPs, plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), which cluster in two phylogenetic groups (PIP1 and PIP2), play a key role in plant growth. Our previous work has indicated that RhPIP2;1, a member of PIP2, is involved in ethylene-regulated cell expansion of rose petals. However, whether PIP1s also play a role in petal expansion is still unclear. Here, we identified RhPIP1;1, a PIP1 subfamily member, from 18 PIPs assemble transcripts in rose microarray database responsive to ethylene. RhPIP1;1 was rapidly and significantly down-regulated by ethylene treatment. RhETRs-silencing also clearly decreased the expression of RhPIP1;1 in rose petals. The activity of the RhPIP1;1 promoter was repressed by ethylene in rosettes and roots of Arabidopsis. RhPIP1;1 is mainly localized on endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. We demonstrated that RhPIP1;1-silencing significantly inhibited the expansion of petals with decreased petal size and cell area, as well as reduced fresh weight when compared to controls. Expression of RhPIP1;1 in Xenopus oocytes indicated that RhPIP1;1 was inactive in terms of water transport, while coexpression of RhPIP1;1 with the functional RhPIP2;1 led to a significant increase in plasma membrane permeability. Yeast growth, β-Galactosidase activity, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and colocalization assay proved existence of the interaction between RhPIP1;1 and RhPIP2;1. We argue that RhPIP1;1 plays an important role in ethylene-regulated petal cell expansion, at least partially through the interaction with RhPIP2;1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Wasternack C, Hause B. Jasmonates: biosynthesis, perception, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development. An update to the 2007 review in Annals of Botany. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:1021-58. [PMID: 23558912 PMCID: PMC3662512 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1416] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonates are important regulators in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in development. Synthesized from lipid-constituents, the initially formed jasmonic acid is converted to different metabolites including the conjugate with isoleucine. Important new components of jasmonate signalling including its receptor were identified, providing deeper insight into the role of jasmonate signalling pathways in stress responses and development. SCOPE The present review is an update of the review on jasmonates published in this journal in 2007. New data of the last five years are described with emphasis on metabolites of jasmonates, on jasmonate perception and signalling, on cross-talk to other plant hormones and on jasmonate signalling in response to herbivores and pathogens, in symbiotic interactions, in flower development, in root growth and in light perception. CONCLUSIONS The last few years have seen breakthroughs in the identification of JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins and their interactors such as transcription factors and co-repressors, and the crystallization of the jasmonate receptor as well as of the enzyme conjugating jasmonate to amino acids. Now, the complex nature of networks of jasmonate signalling in stress responses and development including hormone cross-talk can be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg, 3, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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