1
|
Shumbusho A, Harrison CJ, Demko V. CLE peptides act via the receptor-like kinase CRINKLY 4 in Physcomitrium patens gametophore development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2386502. [PMID: 39082799 PMCID: PMC11296525 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2386502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The CLAVATA pathway plays a key role in the regulation of multicellular shoot and root meristems in flowering plants. In Arabidopsis, CLAVATA 3-like signaling peptides (CLEs) act via receptor-like kinases CLAVATA 1 and CRINKLY 4 (CR4). In the moss Physcomitrium patens, PpCLAVATA and PpCR4 were previously studied independently and shown to play conserved roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The plant calpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL 1 (DEK1) has been identified as another key regulator of cell division and cell fate in vascular plants and bryophytes. The functional interaction between CLAVATA, CR4, and DEK1 remains unknown. Here, we show that P. patens crinkly4 and dek1 mutants respond differently to CLE peptide treatments suggesting their distinct roles in the CLAVATA pathway. Reduced CLAVATA-mediated suppression of leafy shoot growth in Δcr4 mutants indicates that PpCR4 is involved in CLV3p perception, most likely as a receptor. The CLV3p strongly suppressed leaf vein development in Δcr4 mutants, suggesting that other receptors are involved in these processes and indicating a potential role of PpCR4 in organ sensitization to CLEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Shumbusho
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - C. Jill Harrison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Viktor Demko
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Z, Wang W, Zhou S, Ding L, Xu Z, Sun X, Huo H, Liu L. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals dynamics of gene expression for 2D elongation and 3D growth in Physcomitrium patens. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114524. [PMID: 39046878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition from two-dimensional (2D) to 3D growth likely facilitated plants to colonize land, but its heterogeneity is not well understood. In this study, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the moss Physcomitrium patens, whose morphogenesis involves a transition from 2D to 3D growth. We profiled over 17,000 single cells covering all major vegetative tissues, including 2D filaments (chloronema and caulonema) and 3D structures (bud and gametophore). Pseudotime analyses revealed larger numbers of candidate genes that determine cell fates for 2D tip elongation or 3D bud differentiation. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified a module that connects β-type carbonic anhydrases (βCAs) with auxin. We further validated the cellular expression patterns of βCAs and demonstrated their roles in 3D gametophore development. Overall, our study provides insights into cellular heterogeneity in a moss and identifies molecular signatures that underpin the 2D-to-3D growth transition at single-cell resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shizhao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Lulu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhanwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xuwu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, 2725 South Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang L, Sasaki-Sekimoto Y, Kosetsu K, Aoyama T, Murata T, Kabeya Y, Sato Y, Koshimizu S, Shimojima M, Ohta H, Hasebe M, Ishikawa M. An ABCB transporter regulates anisotropic cell expansion via cuticle deposition in the moss Physcomitrium patens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:665-675. [PMID: 37865886 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic cell expansion is crucial for the morphogenesis of land plants, as cell migration is restricted by the rigid cell wall. The anisotropy of cell expansion is regulated by mechanisms acting on the deposition or modification of cell wall polysaccharides. Besides the polysaccharide components in the cell wall, a layer of hydrophobic cuticle covers the outer cell wall and is subjected to tensile stress that mechanically restricts cell expansion. However, the molecular machinery that deposits cuticle materials in the appropriate spatiotemporal manner to accommodate cell and tissue expansion remains elusive. Here, we report that PpABCB14, an ATP-binding cassette transporter in the moss Physcomitrium patens, regulates the anisotropy of cell expansion. PpABCB14 localized to expanding regions of leaf cells. Deletion of PpABCB14 resulted in impaired anisotropic cell expansion. Unexpectedly, the cuticle proper was reduced in the mutants, and the cuticular lipid components decreased. Moreover, induced PpABCB14 expression resulted in deformed leaf cells with increased cuticle lipid accumulation on the cell surface. Taken together, PpABCB14 regulates the anisotropy of cell expansion via cuticle deposition, revealing a regulatory mechanism for cell expansion in addition to the mechanisms acting on cell wall polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liechi Zhang
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Ken Kosetsu
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Aoyama
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Murata
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kabeya
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | | | - Mie Shimojima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miura N, Ashida Y, Matsuda Y, Shibuya T, Tamada Y, Hatsumi S, Yamamoto H, Kajikawa I, Kamei Y, Hattori M. Adaptive Optics Microscopy with Wavefront Sensing Based on Neighbor Correlation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1372-1382. [PMID: 37930869 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex structures in living cells and tissues induce wavefront errors when light waves pass through them, and images observed with optical microscopes are undesirably blurred. This problem is especially serious for living plant cells because images are strikingly degraded even within a single cell. Adaptive optics (AO) is expected to be a solution to this problem by correcting such wavefront errors, thus enabling high-resolution imaging. In particular, scene-based AO involves wavefront sensing based on the image correlation between subapertures in a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and thus does not require an intense point light source. However, the complex 3D structures of living cells often cause low correlation between subimages, leading to loss of accuracy in wavefront sensing. This paper proposes a novel method for scene-based sensing using only image correlations between adjacent subapertures. The method can minimize changes between subimages to be correlated and thus prevent inaccuracy in phase estimation. Using an artificial test target mimicking the optical properties of a layer of living plant cells, an imaging performance with a Strehl ratio of approximately 0.5 was confirmed. Upon observation of chloroplast autofluorescence inside living leaf cells of the moss Physcomitrium patens, recovered resolution images were successfully obtained even with complex biological structures. Under bright-field illumination, the proposed method outperformed the conventional method, demonstrating the future potential of this method for label- and damage-free AO microscopy. Several points for improvement in terms of the effect of AO correction are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Miura
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami 090-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ashida
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami 090-8507, Japan
| | - Yuya Matsuda
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami 090-8507, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Shibuya
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami 090-8507, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tamada
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8585 Japan
- Graduate School of Regional Development and Creativity, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8585 Japan
- Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-0912 Japan
- Robotics, Engineering and Agriculture-technology Laboratory (REAL), Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-0912 Japan
| | - Shuto Hatsumi
- Graduate School of Regional Development and Creativity, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8585 Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Yamamoto
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8585 Japan
- Graduate School of Regional Development and Creativity, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8585 Japan
- Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-0912 Japan
- Robotics, Engineering and Agriculture-technology Laboratory (REAL), Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-0912 Japan
| | - Ikumi Kajikawa
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8585 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Masayuki Hattori
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, 181-8588 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yoshida MW, Oguri N, Goshima G. Physcomitrium patens SUN2 Mediates MTOC Association with the Nuclear Envelope and Facilitates Chromosome Alignment during Spindle Assembly. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1106-1117. [PMID: 37421143 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells lack centrosomes and instead utilize acentrosomal microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) to rapidly increase the number of microtubules at the onset of spindle assembly. Although several proteins required for MTOC formation have been identified, how the MTOC is positioned at the right place is not known. Here, we show that the inner nuclear membrane protein SUN2 is required for MTOC association with the nuclear envelope (NE) during mitotic prophase in the moss Physcomitrium patens. In actively dividing protonemal cells, microtubules accumulate around the NE during prophase. In particular, regional MTOC is formed at the apical surface of the nucleus. However, microtubule accumulation around the NE was impaired and apical MTOCs were mislocalized in sun2 knockout cells. Upon NE breakdown, the mitotic spindle was assembled with mislocalized MTOCs. However, completion of chromosome alignment in the spindle was delayed; in severe cases, the chromosome was transiently detached from the spindle body. SUN2 tended to localize to the apical surface of the nucleus during prophase in a microtubule-dependent manner. Based on these results, we propose that SUN2 facilitates the attachment of microtubules to chromosomes during spindle assembly by localizing microtubules to the NE. MTOC mispositioning was also observed during the first division of the gametophore tissue. Thus, this study suggests that microtubule-nucleus linking, a well-known function of SUN in animals and yeast, is conserved in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari W Yoshida
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Noiri Oguri
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, 429-63 Sugashima-cho, Toba, 517-0004 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Causier B, McKay M, Hopes T, Lloyd J, Wang D, Harrison CJ, Davies B. The TOPLESS corepressor regulates developmental switches in the bryophyte Physcomitrium patens that were critical for plant terrestrialisation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1331-1344. [PMID: 37243383 PMCID: PMC10953049 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific TOPLESS (TPL) family of transcriptional corepressors is integral to multiple angiosperm developmental processes. Despite this, we know little about TPL function in other plants. To address this gap, we investigated the roles TPL plays in the bryophyte Physcomitrium patens, which diverged from angiosperms approximately 0.5 billion years ago. Although complete loss of PpTPL function is lethal, transgenic lines with reduced PpTPL activity revealed that PpTPLs are essential for two fundamental developmental switches in this plant: the transitions from basal photosynthetic filaments (chloronemata) to specialised foraging filaments (caulonemata) and from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) growth. Using a transcriptomics approach, we integrated PpTPL into the regulatory network governing 3D growth and we propose that PpTPLs represent another important class of regulators that are essential for the 2D-to-3D developmental switch. Transcriptomics also revealed a previously unknown role for PpTPL in the regulation of flavonoids. Intriguingly, 3D growth and the formation of caulonemata were crucial innovations that facilitated the colonisation of land by plants, a major transformative event in the history of life on Earth. We conclude that TPL, which existed before the land plants, was co-opted into new developmental pathways, enabling phytoterrestrialisation and the evolution of land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Causier
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Mary McKay
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Tayah Hopes
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - James Lloyd
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA6009Australia
| | - Dapeng Wang
- LeedsOmicsUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonSW3 6LYUK
| | - C. Jill Harrison
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Brendan Davies
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ta KN, Yoshida MW, Tezuka T, Shimizu-Sato S, Nosaka-Takahashi M, Toyoda A, Suzuki T, Goshima G, Sato Y. Control of Plant Cell Growth and Proliferation by MO25A, a Conserved Major Component of the Mammalian Sterile 20-Like Kinase Pathway. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:336-351. [PMID: 36639938 PMCID: PMC10016325 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The precise control of cell growth and proliferation underpins the development of plants and animals. These factors affect the development and size of organs and the body. In plants, the growth and proliferation of cells are regulated by environmental stimuli and intrinsic signaling, allowing different cell types to have specific growth and proliferation characteristics. An increasing number of factors that control cell division and growth have been identified. However, the mechanisms underlying cell type-specific cell growth and proliferation characteristics in the normal developmental context are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the rice mutant osmo25a1, which is defective in the progression of embryogenesis. The osmo25a1 mutant embryo developed incomplete embryonic organs, such as the shoot and root apical meristems. It showed a delayed progression of embryogenesis, associated with the reduced mitotic activity. The causal gene of this mutation encodes a member of the Mouse protein-25A (MO25A) family of proteins that have pivotal functions in a signaling pathway that governs cell proliferation and polarity in animals, yeasts and filamentous fungi. To elucidate the function of plant MO25A at the cellular level, we performed a functional analysis of MO25A in the moss Physcomitrium patens. Physcomitrium patens MO25A was uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm and functioned in cell tip growth and the initiation of cell division in stem cells. Overall, we demonstrated that MO25A proteins are conserved factors that control cell proliferation and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takumi Tezuka
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Sae Shimizu-Sato
- Department of Genome and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Misuzu Nosaka-Takahashi
- Department of Genome and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genome and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Gohta Goshima
- *Corresponding authors: Gohta Goshima, E-mail, ; Yutaka Sato, E-mail,
| | - Yutaka Sato
- *Corresponding authors: Gohta Goshima, E-mail, ; Yutaka Sato, E-mail,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lüth VM, Rempfer C, van Gessel N, Herzog O, Hanser M, Braun M, Decker EL, Reski R. A Physcomitrella PIN protein acts in spermatogenesis and sporophyte retention. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2118-2135. [PMID: 36696950 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The auxin efflux PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins are conserved in all land plants and important players in plant development. In the moss Physcomitrella (Physcomitrium patens), three canonical PINs (PpPINA-C) are expressed in the leafy shoot (gametophore). PpPINA and PpPINB show functional activity in vegetative growth and sporophyte development. Here, we examined the role of PpPINC in the life cycle of Physcomitrella. We established reporter and knockout lines for PpPINC and analysed vegetative and reproductive tissues using microscopy and transcriptomic sequencing of moss gametangia. PpPINC is expressed in immature leaves, mature gametangia and during sporophyte development. The sperm cells (spermatozoids) of pinC knockout mutants exhibit increased motility and an altered flagella phenotype. Furthermore, the pinC mutants have a higher portion of differentially expressed genes related to spermatogenesis, increased fertility and an increased abortion rate of premeiotic sporophytes. Here, we show that PpPINC is important for spermatogenesis and sporophyte retention. We propose an evolutionary conserved way of polar growth during early moss embryo development and sporophyte attachment to the gametophore while suggesting the mechanical function in sporophyte retention of a ring structure, the Lorch ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Lüth
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Rempfer
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nico van Gessel
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Herzog
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Hanser
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marion Braun
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva L Decker
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu X, Liu X, Zhang S, Zhou Y. Cell Division and Meristem Dynamics in Fern Gametophytes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:209. [PMID: 36616337 PMCID: PMC9823664 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important questions in all multicellular organisms is how to define and maintain different cell fates during continuous cell division and proliferation. Plant meristems provide a unique research system to address this fundamental question because meristems dynamically maintain themselves and sustain organogenesis through balancing cell division and cell differentiation. Different from the gametophytes of seed plants that depend on their sporophytes and lack meristems, the gametophytes of seed-free ferns develop different types of meristems (including apical cell-based meristems and multicellular apical and marginal meristems) to promote independent growth and proliferation during the sexual gametophyte phase. Recent studies combining confocal time-lapse imaging and computational image analysis reveal the cellular basis of the initiation and proliferation of different types of meristems in fern gametophytes, providing new insights into the evolution of meristems in land plants. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the cell growth dynamics in fern gametophytes and discuss both conserved and diversified mechanisms underlying meristem cell proliferation in seed-free vascular plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fouracre JP, Harrison CJ. How was apical growth regulated in the ancestral land plant? Insights from the development of non-seed plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:100-112. [PMID: 35771646 PMCID: PMC9434304 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Land plant life cycles are separated into distinct haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte stages. Indeterminate apical growth evolved independently in bryophyte (moss, liverwort, and hornwort) and fern gametophytes, and tracheophyte (vascular plant) sporophytes. The extent to which apical growth in tracheophytes co-opted conserved gametophytic gene networks, or exploited ancestral sporophytic networks, is a long-standing question in plant evolution. The recent phylogenetic confirmation of bryophytes and tracheophytes as sister groups has led to a reassessment of the nature of the ancestral land plant. Here, we review developmental genetic studies of apical regulators and speculate on their likely evolutionary history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - C Jill Harrison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Taya K, Takeuchi S, Takahashi M, Hayashi KI, Mikami K. Auxin Regulates Apical Stem Cell Regeneration and Tip Growth in the Marine Red Alga Neopyropia yezoensis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172652. [PMID: 36078060 PMCID: PMC9454478 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The red alga Neopyropia yezoensis undergoes polarized elongation and asymmetrical cell division of the apical stem cell during tip growth in filamentous generations of its life cycle: the conchocelis and conchosporangium. Side branches are also produced via tip growth, a process involving the regeneration and asymmetrical division of the apical stem cell. Here, we demonstrate that auxin plays a crucial role in these processes by using the auxin antagonist 2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-4-oxo-4-phenyl-butyric acid (PEO-IAA), which specifically blocks the activity of the auxin receptor TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1 (TIR1) in land plants. PEO-IAA repressed both the regeneration and polarized tip growth of the apical stem cell in single-celled conchocelis; this phenomenon was reversed by treatment with the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In addition, tip growth of the conchosporangium was accelerated by IAA treatment but repressed by PEO-IAA treatment. These findings indicate that auxin regulates polarized tip cell growth and that an auxin receptor-like protein is present in N. yezoensis. The sensitivity to different 5-alkoxy-IAA analogs differs considerably between N. yezoensis and Arabidopsis thaliana. N. yezoensis lacks a gene encoding TIR1, indicating that its auxin receptor-like protein differs from the auxin receptor of terrestrial plants. These findings shed light on auxin-induced mechanisms and the regulation of tip growth in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Taya
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Shunzei Takeuchi
- School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Megumu Takahashi
- Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri 099-2493, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Koji Mikami
- School of Food Industrial Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai 982-0215, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-245-1411
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yi P, Goshima G. Division site determination during asymmetric cell division in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2120-2139. [PMID: 35201345 PMCID: PMC9134084 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During development, both animals and plants exploit asymmetric cell division (ACD) to increase tissue complexity, a process that usually generates cells dissimilar in size, morphology, and fate. Plants lack the key regulators that control ACD in animals. Instead, plants have evolved two unique cytoskeletal structures to tackle this problem: the preprophase band (PPB) and phragmoplast. The assembly of the PPB and phragmoplast and their contributions to division plane orientation have been extensively studied. However, how the division plane is positioned off the cell center during asymmetric division is poorly understood. Over the past 20 years, emerging evidence points to a critical role for polarly localized membrane proteins in this process. Although many of these proteins are species- or cell type specific, and the molecular mechanism underlying division asymmetry is not fully understood, common features such as morphological changes in cells, cytoskeletal dynamics, and nuclear positioning have been observed. In this review, we provide updates on polarity establishment and nuclear positioning during ACD in plants. Together with previous findings about symmetrically dividing cells and the emerging roles of developmental cues, we aim to offer evolutionary insight into a common framework for asymmetric division-site determination and highlight directions for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba 517-0004, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gu N, Chen C, Kabeya Y, Hasebe M, Tamada Y. Topoisomerase 1α is required for synchronous spermatogenesis in Physcomitrium patens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:137-148. [PMID: 35067949 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) plays general roles in DNA replication and transcription by regulating DNA topology in land plants and metazoans. TOP1 is also involved in specific developmental events; however, whether TOP1 plays a conserved developmental role among multicellular organisms is unknown. Here, we investigated the developmental roles of TOP1 in the moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens with gene targeting, microscopy, 3D image segmentation and crossing experiments. We discovered that the disruption of TOP1α, but not its paralogue TOP1β, leads to a defect in fertilisation and subsequent sporophyte formation in P. patens. In the top1α mutant, the egg cell was functional for fertilisation, while sperm cells were fewer and infertile with disordered structures. We observed that the nuclei volume of wild-type sperm cells synchronously decreases during antheridium development, indicating chromatin condensation towards the compact sperm head. By contrast, the top1α mutant exhibited attenuated cell divisions and asynchronous and defective contraction of the nuclei of sperm cells throughout spermatogenesis. These results indicate that TOP1α is involved in cell division and chromatin condensation during spermatogenesis in P. patens. Our results suggest that the regulation of DNA topology by TOP1 plays a key role in spermatogenesis in both land plants and metazoans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gu
- Robotics, Engineering and Agriculture-technology Laboratory (REAL), Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8585, Japan
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8585, Japan
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Chunli Chen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yukiko Kabeya
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tamada
- Robotics, Engineering and Agriculture-technology Laboratory (REAL), Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8585, Japan
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8585, Japan
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Center for Optical Research & Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hiroguchi A, Nakamura K, Fujita T. Abscisic acid switches cell division modes of asymmetric cell division and symmetric cell division in stem cells of protonemal filaments in the moss Physcomitrium patens. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:13-17. [PMID: 35800966 PMCID: PMC9200082 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms regulate cell numbers and cell fate by using asymmetric cell division (ACD) and symmetric cell division (SCD) during their development and to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions. A stem cell self-renews and generates differentiated cells. In plants, various types of cells are produced by ACD or SCD; however, the molecular mechanisms of ACD or SCD and the cell division mode switch are largely unknown. The moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens is a suitable model to study plant stem cells due to its simple anatomy. Here, we report the cell division mode switch induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in P. patens. ABA is synthesized in response to abiotic stresses and induces round-shape cells, called brood cells, from cylindrical protonemal cells. Although two daughter cells with distinct sizes were produced by ACD in a protonemal stem cell on ABA-free media, the sizes of two daughter cells became similar with ABA treatment. Actin microfilaments were spatially localized on the apices of apical stem cells in protonemata on ABA-free media, but the polar accumulation was lost under the condition of ABA treatment. Moreover, ABA treatment conferred an identical cell fate to the daughter cells in terms of cell division activity. Collectively, the results indicate ABA may suppress the ACD characteristics but evoke SCD in cells. We also noticed that ABA-induced brood cells not only self-renewed but regenerated protonemal cells when ABA was removed from the media, suggesting that brood cells are novel stem cells that are induced by environmental signals in P. patens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hiroguchi
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakamura
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ishikawa M, Hasebe M. Molecular mechanisms of reprogramming of differentiated cells into stem cells in the moss Physcomitrium patens. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 65:102123. [PMID: 34735974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant and animal stem cells can self-renew and give rise to differentiated cells to form tissues or organs. Unlike differentiated cells in animals, those in land plants can be readily reprogrammed into stem cells, reflecting the plasticity of plant cell identity. The moss Physcomitrium patens (synonym: Physcomitrella patens) is highly regenerable, and its leaf cells can be reprogrammed into stem cells in response to wounding or by transient DNA damage without wounding. Wounding and DNA damage induce STEM CELL-INDUCING FACTOR 1, an APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR. Here, we summarize the genetic networks that regulate cellular reprogramming in P. patens and the roles of STEMIN1 and discuss the generality and divergence of the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular reprogramming in land plants and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ishikawa
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan; School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan; School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Naramoto S, Hata Y, Fujita T, Kyozuka J. The bryophytes Physcomitrium patens and Marchantia polymorpha as model systems for studying evolutionary cell and developmental biology in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:228-246. [PMID: 34459922 PMCID: PMC8773975 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bryophytes are nonvascular spore-forming plants. Unlike in flowering plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes dominates the sporophyte (diploid) generation. A comparison of bryophytes with flowering plants allows us to answer some fundamental questions raised in evolutionary cell and developmental biology. The moss Physcomitrium patens was the first bryophyte with a sequenced genome. Many cell and developmental studies have been conducted in this species using gene targeting by homologous recombination. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has recently emerged as an excellent model system with low genomic redundancy in most of its regulatory pathways. With the development of molecular genetic tools such as efficient genome editing, both P. patens and M. polymorpha have provided many valuable insights. Here, we review these advances with a special focus on polarity formation at the cell and tissue levels. We examine current knowledge regarding the cellular mechanisms of polarized cell elongation and cell division, including symmetric and asymmetric cell division. We also examine the role of polar auxin transport in mosses and liverworts. Finally, we discuss the future of evolutionary cell and developmental biological studies in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Hata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu X, Yan A, Liu X, Zhang S, Zhou Y. Quantitative live-imaging reveals the dynamics of apical cells during gametophyte development in ferns. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e25. [PMID: 37077984 PMCID: PMC10095955 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Meristems in land plants share conserved functions but develop highly variable structures. Meristems in seed-free plants, including ferns, usually contain one or a few pyramid-/wedge-shaped apical cells (ACs) as initials, which are lacking in seed plants. It remained unclear how ACs promote cell proliferation in fern gametophytes and whether any persistent AC exists to sustain fern gametophyte development continuously. Here, we uncovered previously undefined ACs maintained even at late developmental stages in fern gametophytes. Through quantitative live-imaging, we determined division patterns and growth dynamics that maintain the persistent AC in Sphenomeris chinensis, a representative fern. The AC and its immediate progenies form a conserved cell packet, driving cell proliferation and prothallus expansion. At the apical centre of gametophytes, the AC and its adjacent progenies display small dimensions resulting from active cell division instead of reduced cell expansion. These findings provide insight into diversified meristem development in land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, USA
- Purdue Centre for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, USA
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - An Yan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- Purdue Centre for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, USA
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Authors for correspondence: S. Zhang, Y. Zhou, E-mail: ;
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, USA
- Purdue Centre for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, USA
- Authors for correspondence: S. Zhang, Y. Zhou, E-mail: ;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yamaoka S, Inoue K, Araki T. Regulation of gametangia and gametangiophore initiation in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:297-306. [PMID: 34117568 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha regulates gametangia and gametangiophore development by using evolutionarily conserved regulatory modules that are shared with angiosperm mechanisms regulating flowering and germ cell differentiation. Bryophytes, the earliest diverged lineage of land plants comprised of liverworts, mosses, and hornworts, produce gametes in gametangia, reproductive organs evolutionarily conserved but lost in extant angiosperms. Initiation of gametangium development is dependent on environmental factors such as light, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies showed that the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha regulates development of gametangia and stalked receptacles called gametangiophores by using conserved regulatory modules which, in angiosperms, are involved in light signaling, microRNA-mediated flowering regulation, and germ cell differentiation. These findings suggest that these modules were acquired by a common ancestor of land plants before divergence of bryophytes, and were later recruited to flowering mechanism in angiosperms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Inoue
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Araki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hata Y, Kyozuka J. Fundamental mechanisms of the stem cell regulation in land plants: lesson from shoot apical cells in bryophytes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:213-225. [PMID: 33609252 PMCID: PMC8648652 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This review compares the molecular mechanisms of stem cell control in the shoot apical meristems of mosses and angiosperms and reveals the conserved features and evolution of plant stem cells. The establishment and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) are key developmental processes in land plants including the most basal, bryophytes. Bryophytes, such as Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens and Marchantia polymorpha, are emerging as attractive model species to study the conserved features and evolutionary processes in the mechanisms controlling stem cells. Recent studies using these model bryophyte species have started to uncover the similarities and differences in stem cell regulation between bryophytes and angiosperms. In this review, we summarize findings on stem cell function and its regulation focusing on different aspects including hormonal, genetic, and epigenetic control. Stem cell regulation through auxin, cytokinin, CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) signaling and chromatin modification by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and PRC1 is well conserved. Several transcription factors crucial for SAM regulation in angiosperms are not involved in the regulation of the SAM in mosses, but similarities also exist. These findings provide insights into the evolutionary trajectory of the SAM and the fundamental mechanisms involved in stem cell regulation that are conserved across land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Beheshti H, Strotbek C, Arif MA, Klingl A, Top O, Frank W. PpGRAS12 acts as a positive regulator of meristem formation in Physcomitrium patens. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:293-305. [PMID: 33598827 PMCID: PMC8648639 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the key regulatory function of Physcomitrium patens GRAS12 gene underlying an increasing plant complexity, an important step in plant terrestrialization and the evolutionary history of life. The miR171-GRAS module has been identified as a key player in meristem maintenance in angiosperms. PpGRAS12 is a member of the GRAS family and a validated target for miR171 in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens. Here we show a regulatory function of miR171 at the gametophytic vegetative growth stage and targeted deletion of the PpGRAS12 gene adversely affects sporophyte production since fewer sporophytes were produced in ΔPpGRAS12 knockout lines compared to wild type moss. Furthermore, highly specific and distinct growth arrests were observed in inducible PpGRAS12 overexpression lines at the protonema stage. Prominent phenotypic aberrations including the formation of multiple apical meristems at the gametophytic vegetative stage in response to elevated PpGRAS12 transcript levels were discovered via scanning electron microscopy. The production of multiple buds in the PpGRAS12 overexpression lines similar to ΔPpCLV1a/1b disruption mutants is accompanied by an upregulation of PpCLE and downregulation of PpCLV1, PpAPB, PpNOG1, PpDEK1, PpRPK2 suggesting that PpGRAS12 acts upstream of these genes and negatively regulates the proposed pathway to specify simplex meristem formation. As CLV signaling pathway components are not present in the chlorophytic or charophytic algae and arose with the earliest land plants, we identified a key regulatory function of PpGRAS12 underlying an increasing plant complexity, an important step in plant terrestrialization and the evolutionary history of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Beheshti
- Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Department Biology I, LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhardener Straße 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christoph Strotbek
- Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Department Biology I, LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhardener Straße 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - M Asif Arif
- Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Department Biology I, LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhardener Straße 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Plant Developmental Biology, Department Biology I, LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhardener Straße 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oguz Top
- Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Department Biology I, LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhardener Straße 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frank
- Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Department Biology I, LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhardener Straße 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kanne JV, Ishikawa M, Bressendorff S, Ansbøl J, Hasebe M, Rodriguez E, Petersen M. Overexpression of ATG8/LC3 enhances wound-induced somatic reprogramming in Physcomitrium patens. Autophagy 2021; 18:1463-1466. [PMID: 34612155 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1975913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal and plant somatic cells have the capacity to switch states or reprogram into stem cells to adapt during stress and injury. This ability to deal with stochastic changes or reprogramming of somatic cells also needs macroautophagy/autophagy. Here, we expand on this notion and provide a primary example of how overexpression of ATG8/LC3 in the moss Physcomitrium patens enhances the ability to reprogram somatic cells into stem cells when subjected to severe wounding. This observation suggests that autophagy is not only required for cells to dedifferentiate but also makes cells more competent to do so.ABBREVIATION: ATG: autophagy related; atg5: AUTOPHAGY 5; ATG8/LC3: AUTOPHAGY 8/microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; GFP: green fluorescent protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob V Kanne
- Functional Genomic Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Simon Bressendorff
- Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Ansbøl
- Functional Genomic Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Eleazar Rodriguez
- Functional Genomic Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Petersen
- Functional Genomic Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mohanasundaram B, Bhide AJ, Palit S, Chaturvedi G, Lingwan M, Masakapalli SK, Banerjee AK. The unique bryophyte-specific repeat-containing protein SHORT-LEAF regulates gametophore development in moss. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:203-217. [PMID: 34618137 PMCID: PMC8418407 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Convergent evolution of shoot development across plant lineages has prompted numerous comparative genetic studies. Though functional conservation of gene networks governing flowering plant shoot development has been explored in bryophyte gametophore development, the role of bryophyte-specific genes remains unknown. Previously, we have reported Tnt1 insertional mutants of moss defective in gametophore development. Here, we report a mutant (short-leaf; shlf) having two-fold shorter leaves, reduced apical dominance, and low plasmodesmata frequency. UHPLC-MS/MS-based auxin quantification and analysis of soybean (Glycine max) auxin-responsive promoter (GH3:GUS) lines exhibited a striking differential auxin distribution pattern in the mutant gametophore. Whole-genome sequencing and functional characterization of candidate genes revealed that a novel bryophyte-specific gene (SHORT-LEAF; SHLF) is responsible for the shlf phenotype. SHLF represents a unique family of near-perfect tandem direct repeat (TDR)-containing proteins conserved only among mosses and liverworts, as evident from our phylogenetic analysis. Cross-complementation with a Marchantia homolog partially recovered the shlf phenotype, indicating possible functional specialization. The distinctive structure (longest known TDRs), absence of any known conserved domain, localization in the endoplasmic reticulum, and proteolytic cleavage pattern of SHLF imply its function in bryophyte-specific cellular mechanisms. This makes SHLF a potential candidate to study gametophore development and evolutionary adaptations of early land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boominathan Mohanasundaram
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER-Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Maharashtra, Pune 411008, India
| | - Amey J. Bhide
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER-Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Maharashtra, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shirsa Palit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER-Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Maharashtra, Pune 411008, India
| | - Gargi Chaturvedi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER-Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Maharashtra, Pune 411008, India
| | - Maneesh Lingwan
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Himachal Pradesh, Mandi 175005, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Masakapalli
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Himachal Pradesh, Mandi 175005, India
| | - Anjan K. Banerjee
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER-Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Maharashtra, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Metabolic Control of Gametophore Shoot Formation through Arginine in the Moss Physcomitrium patens. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108127. [PMID: 32905770 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoot formation is accompanied by active cell proliferation and expansion, requiring that metabolic state adapts to developmental control. Despite the importance of such metabolic reprogramming, it remains unclear how development and metabolism are integrated. Here, we show that disruption of ANGUSTIFOLIA3 orthologs (PpAN3s) compromises gametophore shoot formation in the moss Physcomitrium patens due to defective cell proliferation and expansion. Trans-omics analysis reveals that the downstream activity of PpAN3 is linked to arginine metabolism. Elevating arginine level by chemical treatment leads to stunted gametophores and causes Ppan3 mutant-like transcriptional changes in the wild-type plant. Furthermore, ectopic expression of AtAN3 from Arabidopsis thaliana ameliorates the defective arginine metabolism and promotes gametophore formation in Ppan3 mutants. Together, these findings indicate that arginine metabolism is a key pathway associated with gametophore formation and provide evolutionary insights into the establishment of the shoot system in land plants through the integration of developmental and metabolic processes.
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu X, Zhou P, Li X, Zhang D. Propagation of desert moss Syntrichia caninervis in peat pellet: a method for rapidly obtaining large numbers of cloned gametophytes. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:42. [PMID: 33882971 PMCID: PMC8059278 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syntrichia caninervis is a typical desiccation tolerant moss that is a dominant species forming biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert. This study investigated the effect of different explants on regeneration potential by propagating them on peat pellet. RESULT Juvenile and green leaves can regenerate secondary protonema within one week and shoots in one-half month in peat pellet. Rhizoids have a great ability to regenerate, and similar to leaf regeneration, secondary protonema is the dominant type of regenerant. The process of stem regeneration is similar to that of whole gametophytes. Stems are the most important integral body part during propagation. The whole gametophyte is the best materials for rapidly propagating gametophyte on peat pellet. CONCLUSION This article improves the state of our current knowledge of desiccation tolerant moss cultivation, highlighting efforts to effectively obtain a large number of gametophytes through different explant parts. This work provides a useful resource for the study of S. caninervis as well as biocrust restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Instistute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Instistute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Instistute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008 China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Instistute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008 China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Suzuki H, Kohchi T, Nishihama R. Auxin Biology in Bryophyta: A Simple Platform with Versatile Functions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040055. [PMID: 33431584 PMCID: PMC7919391 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bryophytes, including liverworts, mosses, and hornworts, are gametophyte-dominant land plants that are derived from a common ancestor and underwent independent evolution from the sporophyte-dominant vascular plants since their divergence. The plant hormone auxin has been shown to play pleiotropic roles in the haploid bodies of bryophytes. Pharmacological and chemical studies identified conserved auxin molecules, their inactivated forms, and auxin transport in bryophyte tissues. Recent genomic and molecular biological studies show deep conservation of components and their functions in auxin biosynthesis, inactivation, transport, and signaling in land plants. Low genetic redundancy in model bryophytes enable unique assays, which are elucidating the design principles of the auxin signaling pathway. In this article, the physiological roles of auxin and regulatory mechanisms of gene expression and development by auxin in Bryophyta are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Suzuki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kumar M, Matoba O, Quan X, Rajput SK, Awatsuji Y, Tamada Y. Single-shot common-path off-axis digital holography: applications in bioimaging and optical metrology [Invited]. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:A195-A204. [PMID: 33690370 DOI: 10.1364/ao.404208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The demand for single-shot and common-path holographic systems has become increasingly important in recent years, as such systems offer various advantages compared to their counterparts. Single-shot holographic systems, for example, reduce computational complexity as only a single hologram with the object information required to process, making them more suitable for the investigation of dynamic events; and common-path holographic systems are less vibration-sensitive, compact, inexpensive, and high in temporal phase stability. We have developed a single-shot common-path off-axis digital holographic setup based on a beam splitter and pinhole. In this paper, we present a concise review of the proposed digital holographic system for several applications, including the quantitative phase imaging to investigate the morphological and quantitative parameters, as a metrological tool for testing of micro-optics, industrial inspection and measurement, and sound field imaging and visualization.
Collapse
|
27
|
Byun MY, Kim D, Youn UJ, Lee S, Lee H. Improvement of moss photosynthesis by humic acids from Antarctic tundra soil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:37-42. [PMID: 33321376 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There have been several published reports regarding the growth promoting effect of humic acids (HA) on vascular plants; however, the effect of HA on bryophytes is still unknown. Due to the ecological importance of mosses, which dominate the Antarctic flora, we assessed the effectiveness of HA as a biostimulant using three moss species: Antarctic Ceratodon purpureus KMA5038, Arctic Bryum sp. KMR5045, and Physcomitrella patens which inhabits temperate regions. Natural HA (KS1-3_HA) were extracted through acidic precipitation of alkaline extracts from Antarctic tundra soil. Spectroscopic structural properties of KS1-3_HA were characterized and determined to possess several functional groups such as hydroxyl (R-OH) and carboxyl (R-COOH), implying they could have a growth-related biological function. For two polar mosses, increasing HA concentrations correlated with increased growth and photosynthesis. The efficiency for temperate moss increased at lower concentrations tested, but rather began to reduce at the highest HA concentration, indicating that effective concentrations of HA vary depending on the moss species and habitat. Based on these results, Antarctic HA may have ecological role in enhancing the growth and photosynthesis of Antarctic mosses. We believe this is the first study to establish a positive physiological effect of HA on mosses and hope it may serve as a basis for studying the role of HA in preserving the terrestrial ecosystem of Antarctica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Byun
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Dockyu Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea; Polar Science, University of Science & Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea; Polar Science, University of Science & Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Frangedakis E, Shimamura M, Villarreal JC, Li FW, Tomaselli M, Waller M, Sakakibara K, Renzaglia KS, Szövényi P. The hornworts: morphology, evolution and development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:735-754. [PMID: 32790880 PMCID: PMC7881058 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Extant land plants consist of two deeply divergent groups, tracheophytes and bryophytes, which shared a common ancestor some 500 million years ago. While information about vascular plants and the two of the three lineages of bryophytes, the mosses and liverworts, is steadily accumulating, the biology of hornworts remains poorly explored. Yet, as the sister group to liverworts and mosses, hornworts are critical in understanding the evolution of key land plant traits. Until recently, there was no hornwort model species amenable to systematic experimental investigation, which hampered detailed insight into the molecular biology and genetics of this unique group of land plants. The emerging hornwort model species, Anthoceros agrestis, is instrumental in our efforts to better understand not only hornwort biology but also fundamental questions of land plant evolution. To this end, here we provide an overview of hornwort biology and current research on the model plant A. agrestis to highlight its potential in answering key questions of land plant biology and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaki Shimamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Juan Carlos Villarreal
- Department of Biology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panamá
| | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853-1801, USA
- Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853-1801, USA
| | - Marta Tomaselli
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 EA, UK
| | - Manuel Waller
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Keiko Sakakibara
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Karen S. Renzaglia
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Illinois, 62901, USA
| | - Péter Szövényi
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
- Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Landberg K, Šimura J, Ljung K, Sundberg E, Thelander M. Studies of moss reproductive development indicate that auxin biosynthesis in apical stem cells may constitute an ancestral function for focal growth control. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:845-860. [PMID: 32901452 PMCID: PMC7821132 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin is a key factor for regulation of plant development, and this function was probably reinforced during the evolution of early land plants. We have extended the available toolbox to allow detailed studies of how auxin biosynthesis and responses are regulated in moss reproductive organs, their stem cells and gametes to better elucidate the function of auxin in the morphogenesis of early land plants. We measured auxin metabolites and identified IPyA (indole-3-pyruvic acid) as the main biosynthesis pathway in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens and established knock-out, overexpressor and reporter lines for biosynthesis genes which were analyzed alongside previously reported auxin-sensing and transport reporters. Vegetative and reproductive apical stem cells synthesize auxin. Sustained stem cell activity depends on an inability to sense the auxin produced while progeny of the stem cells respond to the auxin, aiding in the control of cell division, expansion and differentiation. Gamete precursors are dependent on a certain degree of auxin sensing, while the final differentiation is a low auxin-sensing process. Tha data presented indicate that low auxin activity may represent a conserved hallmark of land plant gametes, and that local auxin biosynthesis in apical stem cells may be part of an ancestral mechanism to control focal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Landberg
- Department of Plant BiologyThe Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in UppsalaSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSE‐750 07Sweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UmeåSE‐901 83Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UmeåSE‐901 83Sweden
| | - Eva Sundberg
- Department of Plant BiologyThe Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in UppsalaSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSE‐750 07Sweden
| | - Mattias Thelander
- Department of Plant BiologyThe Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in UppsalaSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSE‐750 07Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ashida Y, Honma Y, Miura N, Shibuya T, Kikuchi H, Tamada Y, Kamei Y, Matsuda A, Hattori M. Imaging performance of microscopy adaptive-optics system using scene-based wavefront sensing. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200264SSR. [PMID: 33331151 PMCID: PMC7744043 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.12.123707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A scene-based adaptive-optics (AO) system is developed and a method for investigating its imaging performance is proposed. The system enables derivation of Strehl ratios from observed images via collaboration with computer simulations. The resultant Strehl ratios are comparable with those of other current AO systems. AIM For versatile and noninvasive AO microscopy, a scene-based wavefront-sensing technique working on a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is developed in a modal control system. The purpose of the research is to clarify the imaging performance of the AO system via the derivation of Strehl ratios from observed images toward applications in microscopy of living cells and tissues. APPROACH Two imaging metrics that can be directly measured from observed images (i.e., an energy concentration ratio and unbiased maximum ratio) are defined and related to the Strehl ratio via computer simulations. Experiments are conducted using artificial targets to measure the imaging metrics, which are then converted to Strehl ratios. RESULTS The resultant Strehl ratios are >0.7 and 0.5 in the cases of defocus and higher aberrations, respectively. The half-widths at half-maximum of the AO-corrected bead images are favorably comparable to those of on-focus images under simple defocus aberration, and the AO system works both under bright-field illumination and on fluorescent bead images. CONCLUSIONS The proposed scene-based AO system is expected to work with a Strehl ratio of more than 0.5 when applied to high-resolution live imaging of cells and tissues under bright-field and fluorescence microscopies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yosuke Tamada
- Utsunomiya University, School of Engineering, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Utsunomiya University, Center for Optical Research and Education, Utsunomiya, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuda
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cervantes-Pérez D, Ortega-García A, Medina-Andrés R, Batista-García RA, Lira-Ruan V. Exogenous Nitric Oxide Delays Plant Regeneration from Protoplast and Protonema Development in Physcomitrella patens. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101380. [PMID: 33081222 PMCID: PMC7602845 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been recognized as a major player in the regulation of plant physiology and development. NO regulates cell cycle progression and cell elongation in flowering plants and green algae, although the information about NO function in non-vascular plants is scarce. Here, we analyze the effect of exogenous NO on Physcomitrella patens protonema growth. We find that increasing concentrations of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) inhibit protonema relative growth rate and cell length. To further comprehend the effect of NO on moss development, we analyze the effect of SNP 5 and 10 µM on protoplast regeneration and, furthermore, protonema formation compared with untreated plants (control). Isolated protoplasts were left to regenerate for 24 h before starting the SNP treatments that lasted five days. The results show that SNP restrains the protoplast regeneration process and the formation of new protonema cells. When SNP treatments started five days after protoplast isolation, a decrease in cell number per protonema filament was observed, indicating an inhibition of cell cycle progression. Our results show that in non-vascular plants, NO negatively regulates plant regeneration, cell cycle and cell elongation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gu N, Tamada Y, Imai A, Palfalvi G, Kabeya Y, Shigenobu S, Ishikawa M, Angelis KJ, Chen C, Hasebe M. DNA damage triggers reprogramming of differentiated cells into stem cells in Physcomitrella. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1098-1105. [PMID: 32807952 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage can result from intrinsic cellular processes and from exposure to stressful environments. Such DNA damage generally threatens genome integrity and cell viability1. However, here we report that the transient induction of DNA strand breaks (single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks or both) in the moss Physcomitrella patens can trigger the reprogramming of differentiated leaf cells into stem cells without cell death. After intact leafy shoots (gametophores) were exposed to zeocin, an inducer of DNA strand breaks, the STEM CELL-INDUCING FACTOR 1 (STEMIN1)2 promoter was activated in some leaf cells. These cells subsequently initiated tip growth and underwent asymmetric cell divisions to form chloronema apical stem cells, which are in an earlier phase of the life cycle than leaf cells and have the ability to form new gametophores. This DNA-strand-break-induced reprogramming required the DNA damage sensor ATR kinase, but not ATM kinase, together with STEMIN1 and closely related proteins. ATR was also indispensable for the induction of STEMIN1 by DNA strand breaks. Our findings indicate that DNA strand breaks, which are usually considered to pose a severe threat to cells, trigger cellular reprogramming towards stem cells via the activity of ATR and STEMINs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tamada
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imai
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Gergo Palfalvi
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kabeya
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Karel J Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chunli Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China.
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kumar M, Quan X, Awatsuji Y, Tamada Y, Matoba O. Single-shot common-path off-axis dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:7144-7152. [PMID: 32902476 DOI: 10.1364/ao.395001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A single-shot common-path off-axis self-interference dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopic (DHM) system based on a cube beam splitter is demonstrated to expand the phase range in a stepped microstructure and for simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and physical thickness of a specimen. In the system, two laser beams with wavelengths of 532 nm and 632.8 nm are used. These laser beams are combined to transilluminate the object under study, then the object beam is divided into two beams by using a beam splitter oriented in such a way that both the beams propagate in almost the same direction, with an appropriate lateral separation between them. One of the object beams is spatially filtered at its Fourier plane, using a pinhole to generate a reference spherical beam free from the object information. The reference beam interferes with the object beam to form a digital hologram at the faceplate of the image sensor. The phase information is extracted from a single recorded digital hologram using the phase aberration compensation method that is based on principal component analysis (PCA). Owing to the common-path configuration, the system shows high temporal phase stability and it is less vibration-sensitive compared to counterparts such as a Mach-Zehnder type DHM. The performance of the dual-wavelength DHM system is verified in two different application fields by conducting the experiments using microsphere beads and living plant cells.
Collapse
|
34
|
Spirina UN, Voronkova TV, Ignatov MS. Are All Paraphyllia the Same? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:858. [PMID: 32636865 PMCID: PMC7318891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Moss paraphyllia, the trichome-like or foliose structures on moss stem surfaces, are usually treated as epidermal outgrowths. However, in some taxa of the moss families Leskeaceae, Neckeraceae, and Amblystegiaceae their distribution along the stem is consistently correlated with parts of the stem surface near branch primordia. In other moss families, Climaciaceae, Hylocomiaceae, and Pseudoleskeaceae the specific paraphyllia-generating epidermal layer produces paraphyllia evenly all along the stem. These results suggest that there are at least two different types of regulation of paraphyllia development; however, both of them may be involved in the morphogenesis of paraphyllia in some families, for example in the Thuidiaceae. Exogenous abscisic acid treatment consistently increases the number of paraphyllia of the Leskea-type, and it also induces the development of proximal branch leaves that normally do not develop a lamina above the stem surface. This fact supports conclusions regarding the homology of the Leskea-type of paraphyllia with leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana N. Spirina
- Faculty of Biology, Tver State University, Tver, Russia
- Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Michael S. Ignatov
- Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kumar M, Quan X, Awatsuji Y, Tamada Y, Matoba O. Digital Holographic Multimodal Cross-Sectional Fluorescence and Quantitative Phase Imaging System. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7580. [PMID: 32415184 PMCID: PMC7228964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a multimodal imaging system based on simple off-axis digital holography, for simultaneous recording and retrieval of cross-sectional fluorescence and quantitative phase imaging of the biological specimen. Synergism in the imaging capabilities can be achieved by incorporating two off-axis digital holographic microscopes integrated to record different information at the same time. The cross-sectional fluorescence imaging is realized by a common-path configuration of the single-shot off-axis incoherent digital holographic system. The quantitative phase imaging, on the other hand, is achieved by another off-axis coherent digital holographic microscopy operating in transmission mode. The fundamental characteristics of the proposed multimodal system are confirmed by performing various experiments on fluorescent beads and fluorescent protein-labeled living cells of the moss Physcomitrella patens lying at different axial depth positions. Furthermore, the cross-sectional live fluorescence and phase imaging of the fluorescent beads are demonstrated by the proposed multimodal system. The experimental results presented here corroborate the feasibility of the proposed system and indicate its potential in the applications to analyze the functional and structural behavior of biological cells and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Xiangyu Quan
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Awatsuji
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tamada
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, 321-8585, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, 321-8585, Japan
| | - Osamu Matoba
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
A mycorrhizae-like gene regulates stem cell and gametophore development in mosses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2030. [PMID: 32332755 PMCID: PMC7181705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant colonization of land has been intimately associated with mycorrhizae or mycorrhizae-like fungi. Despite the pivotal role of fungi in plant adaptation, it remains unclear whether and how gene acquisition following fungal interaction might have affected the development of land plants. Here we report a macro2 domain gene in bryophytes that is likely derived from Mucoromycota, a group that includes some mycorrhizae-like fungi found in the earliest land plants. Experimental and transcriptomic evidence suggests that this macro2 domain gene in the moss Physcomitrella patens, PpMACRO2, is important in epigenetic modification, stem cell function, cell reprogramming and other processes. Gene knockout and over-expression of PpMACRO2 significantly change the number and size of gametophores. These findings provide insights into the role of fungal association and the ancestral gene repertoire in the early evolution of land plants.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hashida Y, Takechi K, Abiru T, Yabe N, Nagase H, Hattori K, Takio S, Sato Y, Hasebe M, Tsukaya H, Takano H. Two ANGUSTIFOLIA genes regulate gametophore and sporophyte development in Physcomitrella patens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1318-1330. [PMID: 31674691 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana the ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) gene regulates the width of leaves by controlling the diffuse growth of leaf cells in the medio-lateral direction. In the genome of the moss Physcomitrella patens, we found two normal ANs (PpAN1-1 and 1-2). Both PpAN1 genes complemented the A. thaliana an-1 mutant phenotypes. An analysis of spatiotemporal promoter activity of each PpAN1 gene, using transgenic lines that contained each PpAN1-promoter- uidA (GUS) gene, showed that both promoters are mainly active in the stems of haploid gametophores and in the middle to basal region of the young sporophyte that develops into the seta and foot. Analyses of the knockout lines for PpAN1-1 and PpAN1-2 genes suggested that these genes have partially redundant functions and regulate gametophore height by controlling diffuse cell growth in gametophore stems. In addition, the seta and foot were shorter and thicker in diploid sporophytes, suggesting that cell elongation was reduced in the longitudinal direction, whereas no defects were detected in tip-growing protonemata. These results indicate that both PpAN1 genes in P. patens function in diffuse growth of the haploid and diploid generations but not in tip growth. To visualize microtubule distribution in gametophore cells of P. patens, transformed lines expressing P. patens α-tubulin fused to sGFP were generated. Contrary to expectations, the orientation of microtubules in the tips of gametophores in the PpAN1-1/1-2 double-knockout lines was unchanged. The relationships among diffuse cell growth, cortical microtubules and AN proteins are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hashida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Takechi
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomi Abiru
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagase
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Koro Hattori
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Susumu Takio
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- National Institute for Basic Biology and SOKENDAI (Graduate School for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Takano
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tang H, Duijts K, Bezanilla M, Scheres B, Vermeer JEM, Willemsen V. Geometric cues forecast the switch from two- to three-dimensional growth in Physcomitrella patens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1945-1955. [PMID: 31639220 PMCID: PMC7027797 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
During land colonization, plants acquired a range of body plan adaptations, of which the innovation of three-dimensional (3D) tissues increased organismal complexity and reproductivity. In the moss, Physcomitrella patens, a 3D leafy gametophore originates from filamentous cells that grow in a two-dimensional (2D) plane through a series of asymmetric cell divisions. Asymmetric cell divisions that coincide with different cell division planes and growth directions enable the developmental switch from 2D to 3D, but insights into the underlying mechanisms coordinating this switch are still incomplete. Using 2D and 3D imaging and image segmentation, we characterized two geometric cues, the width of the initial cell and the angle of the transition division plane, which sufficiently distinguished a gametophore initial cell from a branch initial cell. These identified cues were further confirmed in gametophore formation mutants. The identification of a fluorescent marker allowed us to successfully predict the gametophore initial cell with > 90% accuracy before morphological changes, supporting our hypothesis that, before the transition division, parental cells of the gametophore initials possess different properties from those of the branch initials. Our results suggest that the cell fate decision of the initial cell is determined in the parental cell, before the transition division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Tang
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental BiologyWageningen University & Research6708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyWageningen University & Research6708 PEWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Kilian Duijts
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyWageningen University & Research6708 PEWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Ben Scheres
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental BiologyWageningen University & Research6708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Joop E. M. Vermeer
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Neuchâtel2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Viola Willemsen
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental BiologyWageningen University & Research6708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hyoung S, Cho SH, Chung JH, So WM, Cui MH, Shin JS. Cytokinin oxidase PpCKX1 plays regulatory roles in development and enhances dehydration and salt tolerance in Physcomitrella patens. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:419-430. [PMID: 31863135 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PpCKX1 localizes to vacuoles and is dominantly expressed in the stem cells. PpCKX1 regulates developmental changes with increased growth of the rhizoid and enhances dehydration and salt tolerance. Cytokinins (CKs) are plant hormones that regulate plant development as well as many physiological processes, such as cell division, leaf senescence, control of shoot/root ratio, and reproductive competence. Cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases (CKXs) control CK concentrations by degradation, and thereby influence plant growth and development. In the moss Physcomitrella patens, an evolutionarily early divergent plant, we identified six putative CKXs that, by phylogenetic analysis, form a monophyletic clade. We also observed that ProPpCKX1:GUS is expressed specifically in the stem cells and surrounding cells and that CKX1 localizes to vacuoles, as indicated by Pro35S:PpCKX1-smGFP. Under normal growth conditions, overexpression of PpCKX1 caused many phenotypic changes at different developmental stages, and we suspected that increased growth of the rhizoid could affect those changes. In addition, we present evidence that the PpCKX1-overexpressor plants show enhanced dehydration and salt stress tolerance. Taken together, we suggest that PpCKX1 plays regulatory roles in development and adaptation to abiotic stresses in this evolutionarily early land plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hyoung
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joo Hee Chung
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Won Mi So
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Mei Hua Cui
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jeong Sheop Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rodriguez E, Chevalier J, Olsen J, Ansbøl J, Kapousidou V, Zuo Z, Svenning S, Loefke C, Koemeda S, Drozdowskyj PS, Jez J, Durnberger G, Kuenzl F, Schutzbier M, Mechtler K, Ebstrup EN, Lolle S, Dagdas Y, Petersen M. Autophagy mediates temporary reprogramming and dedifferentiation in plant somatic cells. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103315. [PMID: 31930531 PMCID: PMC7024839 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic cells acclimate to changes in the environment by temporary reprogramming. Much has been learned about transcription factors that induce these cell-state switches in both plants and animals, but how cells rapidly modulate their proteome remains elusive. Here, we show rapid induction of autophagy during temporary reprogramming in plants triggered by phytohormones, immune, and danger signals. Quantitative proteomics following sequential reprogramming revealed that autophagy is required for timely decay of previous cellular states and for tweaking the proteome to acclimate to the new conditions. Signatures of previous cellular programs thus persist in autophagy-deficient cells, affecting cellular decision-making. Concordantly, autophagy-deficient cells fail to acclimatize to dynamic climate changes. Similarly, they have defects in dedifferentiating into pluripotent stem cells, and redifferentiation during organogenesis. These observations indicate that autophagy mediates cell-state switches that underlie somatic cell reprogramming in plants and possibly other organisms, and thereby promotes phenotypic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Rodriguez
- Functional Genomic SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jonathan Chevalier
- Functional Genomic SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jakob Olsen
- Functional Genomic SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jeppe Ansbøl
- Functional Genomic SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Vaitsa Kapousidou
- Functional Genomic SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Zhangli Zuo
- Functional Genomic SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Steingrim Svenning
- Molecular Cancer Research GroupDepartment of Medical BiologyUniversity of TromsøTromsøNorway
| | - Christian Loefke
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Jakub Jez
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities (VBCF)ViennaAustria
| | - Gerhard Durnberger
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Fabian Kuenzl
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Michael Schutzbier
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Elise Nagel Ebstrup
- Functional Genomic SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Signe Lolle
- Functional Genomic SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Present address:
Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Morten Petersen
- Functional Genomic SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kumar M, Quan X, Awatsuji Y, Cheng C, Hasebe M, Tamada Y, Matoba O. Common-path multimodal three-dimensional fluorescence and phase imaging system. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-15. [PMID: 32030941 PMCID: PMC7003711 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.3.032010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
<p>A stable multimodal system is developed by combining two common-path digital holographic microscopes (DHMs): coherent and incoherent, for simultaneous recording and retrieval of three-dimensional (3-D) phase and 3-D fluorescence imaging (FI), respectively, of a biological specimen. The 3-D FI is realized by a single-shot common-path off-axis fluorescent DHM developed recently by our group. In addition, we accomplish, the phase imaging by another single-shot, highly stable common-path off-axis DHM based on a beam splitter. In this DHM configuration, a beam splitter is used to divide the incoming object beam into two beams. One beam serves as the object beam carrying the useful information of the object under study, whereas another beam is spatially filtered at its Fourier plane by using a pinhole and it serves as a reference beam. This DHM setup, owing to a common-path geometry, is less vibration-sensitive and compact, having a similar field of view but with high temporal phase stability in comparison to a two-beam Mach-Zehnder-type DHM. The performance of the proposed common-path DHM and the multimodal system is verified by conducting various experiments on fluorescent microspheres and fluorescent protein-labeled living cells of the moss <italic>Physcomitrella patens</italic>. Moreover, the potential capability of the proposed multimodal system for 3-D live fluorescence and phase imaging of the fluorescent beads is also demonstrated. The obtained experimental results corroborate the feasibility of the proposed multimodal system and indicate its potential applications for the analysis of functional and structural behaviors of a biological specimen and enhancement of the understanding of physiological mechanisms and various biological diseases.</p>.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Kobe University, Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe, Japan
| | - Xiangyu Quan
- Kobe University, Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Awatsuji
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chaoyang Cheng
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- ERATO, JST, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- ERATO, JST, Okazaki, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), School of Life Science, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tamada
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), School of Life Science, Okazaki, Japan
- Utsunomiya University, School of Engineering, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Osamu Matoba
- Kobe University, Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rathgeb U, Chen M, Buron F, Feddermann N, Schorderet M, Raisin A, Häberli GY, Marc-Martin S, Keller J, Delaux PM, Schaefer DG, Reinhardt D. VAPYRIN-like is required for development of the moss Physcomitrella patens. Development 2020; 147:dev.184762. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.184762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The VAPYRIN (VPY) gene in Medicago truncatula and Petunia hybrida is required for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. The moss Physcomitrella patens has a close homologue (VPY-like, VPYL), although it does not form AM. Here, we explore the phylogeny of VPY and VPYL in land plants, and we study the expression and developmental function of VPYL in P. patens. We show that PpVPYL is expressed primarily in the protonema, the early filamentous stage of moss development, and later in rhizoids arising from the leafy gametophores and in adult phyllids. Knockout mutants have specific phenotypes in branching of the protonema and in cell division of the leaves (phyllids) in gametophores. The mutants are responsive to auxin and strigolactone, which are involved in the regulation of protonemal branching, indicating that the mutants are not affected in hormonal signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that PpVPYL exerts negative regulation of protonemal branching and of cell division in phyllids. We discuss VPY and VPYL phylogeny and function in land plants in the context of AM symbiosis in angiosperms, and of development in the moss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursina Rathgeb
- Dept. of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Min Chen
- Dept. of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Flavien Buron
- Dept. of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Axelle Raisin
- Dept. of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jean Keller
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Falz AL, Müller-Schüssele SJ. Physcomitrella as a model system for plant cell biology and organelle-organelle communication. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:7-13. [PMID: 31254720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular eukaryotic cells, metabolism and growth are sustained by the cooperative functioning of organelles in combination with cell-to-cell communication at the organism level. In land plants, multiple strategies have evolved to adapt to life outside water. As basal land plant, the moss Physcomitrella patens is used for comparative genomics, allowing to study lineage-specific features, as well as to track the evolution of fundamental parameters of plant cell organisation and physiology. P. patens is a versatile model for cell biology research, especially to investigate adaptive growth, stress biology as well as organelle dynamics and interactions. Recent advances include the use of genetically encoded biosensors for in vivo imaging of physiological parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Falz
- INRES - Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kubo M, Nishiyama T, Tamada Y, Sano R, Ishikawa M, Murata T, Imai A, Lang D, Demura T, Reski R, Hasebe M. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of Physcomitrella leaf cells during reprogramming using microcapillary manipulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:4539-4553. [PMID: 30873540 PMCID: PMC6511839 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies have made it possible to carry out transcriptome analysis at the single-cell level. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data provide insights into cellular dynamics, including intercellular heterogeneity as well as inter- and intra-cellular fluctuations in gene expression that cannot be studied using populations of cells. The utilization of scRNA-seq is, however, restricted to cell types that can be isolated from their original tissues, and it can be difficult to obtain precise positional information for these cells in situ. Here, we established single cell-digital gene expression (1cell-DGE), a method of scRNA-seq that uses micromanipulation to extract the contents of individual living cells in intact tissue while recording their positional information. With 1cell-DGE, we could detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the reprogramming of leaf cells of the moss Physcomitrella patens, identifying 6382 DEGs between cells at 0 and 24 h after excision. Furthermore, we identified a subpopulation of reprogramming cells based on their pseudotimes, which were calculated using transcriptome profiles at 24 h. 1cell-DGE with microcapillary manipulation can be used to analyze the gene expression of individual cells without detaching them from their tightly associated tissues, enabling us to retain positional information and investigate cell-cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Kubo
- Institute for Research Initiative, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishiyama
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tamada
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Murata
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imai
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima 731-5193, Japan
| | - Daniel Lang
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rathnayake KN, Nelson S, Seeve C, Oliver MJ, Koster KL. Acclimation and endogenous abscisic acid in the moss Physcomitrella patens during acquisition of desiccation tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:317-329. [PMID: 30525218 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The moss Physcomitrella patens has been used as a model organism to study the induction of desiccation tolerance (DT), but links between dehydration rate, the accumulation of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and DT remain unclear. In this study, we show that prolonged acclimation of P. patens at 89% relative humidity (RH) [-16 MPa] can induce tolerance of desiccation at 33% RH (-153 MPa) in both protonema and gametophore stages. During acclimation, significant endogenous ABA accumulation occurred after 1 day in gametophores and after 2 days in protonemata. Physcomitrella patens expressing the ABA-inducible EARLY METHIONINE promoter fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) reporter gene revealed a mostly uniform distribution of the CFP increasing throughout the tissues during acclimation. DT was measured by day 6 of acclimation in gametophores, but not until 9 days of acclimation for protonemata. These results suggest that endogenous ABA accumulating when moss cells experience moderate water loss requires sufficient time to induce the changes that permit cells to survive more severe desiccation. These results provide insight for ongoing studies of how acclimation induces metabolic changes to enable DT in P. patens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumudu N Rathnayake
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Sven Nelson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetics Research Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Candace Seeve
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetics Research Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Melvin J Oliver
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetics Research Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Karen L Koster
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kozgunova E, Goshima G. A versatile microfluidic device for highly inclined thin illumination microscopy in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15182. [PMID: 31645620 PMCID: PMC6811556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution microscopy is a valuable tool for studying cellular processes, such as signalling, membrane trafficking, or cytoskeleton remodelling. Several techniques of inclined illumination microscopy allow imaging at a near single molecular level; however, the application of these methods to plant cells is limited, owing to thick cell walls as well as the necessity to excise a part of the tissue for sample preparation. In this study, we utilised a simple, easy-to-use microfluidic device for highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) microscopy using a model plant Physcomitrella patens. We demonstrated that the shallow microfluidic device can be used for long-term culture of living cells and enables high-resolution HILO imaging of microtubules without perturbing their dynamics. In addition, our microdevice allows the supply and robust washout of compounds during HILO microscopy imaging, for example, to perform a microtubule regrowth assay. Furthermore, we tested long-term (48 h) HILO imaging using a microdevice and visualised the developmental changes in the microtubule dynamics during tissue regeneration. These novel applications of the microfluidic device provide a valuable resource for studying molecular dynamics in living plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kozgunova
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Thelander M, Landberg K, Sundberg E. Minimal auxin sensing levels in vegetative moss stem cells revealed by a ratiometric reporter. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:775-788. [PMID: 31318450 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to reveal ancestral functions of auxin, a key regulator of plant growth and development, and its importance for evolution have been hampered by a fragmented picture of auxin response domains in early-diverging land plants. We report the mapping of auxin sensing and responses during vegetative moss development using novel reporters. We established a moss-specific ratiometric reporter (PpR2D2) for Auxin Response Element- and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR-independent auxin sensing in Physcomitrella patens, and its readout during vegetative development was compared with new promoter-based GmGH3::GFPGUS and DR5revV2::GFPGUS auxin response reporters. The ratiometric reporter responds rapidly to auxin in a time-, dose- and TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESISTANT1/AUXIN F-BOX-dependent manner and marks known, anticipated and novel auxin sensing domains. It reveals proximal auxin sensing maxima in filamentous tissues and sensing minima in all five vegetative gametophytic stem cell types as well as dividing cells. PpR2D2 readout is compliant with an ancestral function of auxin as a positive regulator of differentiation vs proliferation in stem cell regions. The PpR2D2 reporter is a sensitive tool for high-resolution mapping of auxin sensing, which can increase our knowledge of auxin function in early-diverging land plants substantially, thereby advancing our understanding of its importance for plant evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Thelander
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Landberg
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Sundberg
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hata Y, Naramoto S, Kyozuka J. BLADE-ON-PETIOLE genes are not involved in the transition from protonema to gametophore in the moss Physcomitrella patens. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:617-627. [PMID: 31432295 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The timing of the transition between developmental phases is a critical determinant of plant form. In the moss Physcomitrella patens, the transition from protonema to gametophore is a particularly important step as it results in a change from two-dimensional to three-dimensional growth of the plant body. It is well known that this transition is promoted by cytokinin (CK), however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Previously, it was reported that P. patens orthologs of BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) genes (PpBOPs) work downstream of CK to promote the transition to gametophore. To further understand the role of PpBOPs in the control of this transition, we performed functional analyses of PpBOP genes. We simultaneously disrupted the function of all three PpBOP genes in P. patens using CRISPR technology, however, no abnormal phenotypes were observed in the triple mutant during either the gametophytic or the sporophytic growth stages. CK treatment did not alter the phase change in the triple mutant. We conclude that PpBOP genes are unnecessary in the control of P. patens development under normal conditions. We propose that BOP genes are not involved in the control of developmental processes in bryophytes and other basal land plants, but may function in physiological processes such as in the defense response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hata
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Moody LA, Kelly S, Rabbinowitsch E, Langdale JA. Genetic Regulation of the 2D to 3D Growth Transition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. Curr Biol 2019; 28:473-478.e5. [PMID: 29395927 PMCID: PMC5807088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important events in the history of life on earth was the colonization of land by plants; this transition coincided with and was most likely enabled by the evolution of 3-dimensional (3D) growth. Today, the diverse morphologies exhibited across the terrestrial biosphere arise from the differential regulation of 3D growth processes during development. In many plants, 3D growth is initiated during the first few divisions of the zygote, and therefore, the genetic basis cannot be dissected because mutants do not survive. However, in mosses, which are representatives of the earliest land plants, 3D shoot growth is preceded by a 2D filamentous phase that can be maintained indefinitely. Here, we used the moss Physcomitrella patens to identify genetic regulators of the 2D to 3D transition. Mutant screens yielded individuals that could only grow in 2D, and through an innovative strategy that combined somatic hybridization with bulk segregant analysis and genome sequencing, the causative mutation was identified in one of them. The NO GAMETOPHORES 1 (NOG1) gene, which encodes a ubiquitin-associated protein, is present only in land plant genomes. In mutants that lack PpNOG1 function, transcripts encoding 3D-promoting PpAPB transcription factors [1] are significantly reduced, and apical initial cells specified for 3D growth are not formed. PpNOG1 acts at the earliest identified stage of the 2D to 3D transition, possibly through degradation of proteins that suppress 3D growth. The acquisition of NOG1 function in land plants could thus have enabled the evolution and development of 3D morphology. NO GAMETOPHORES 1 (PpNOG1) regulates the 2D to 3D growth transition in P. patens PpNOG1 acts upstream of 3D-promoting PpAPB transcription factors PpNOG1 is required for the formation of apical initial cells specified for 3D growth NOG1 genes are found only in land plants and thus evolved coincident with 3D growth
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Moody
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Steven Kelly
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Ester Rabbinowitsch
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Jane A Langdale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mohanasundaram B, Rajmane VB, Jogdand SV, Bhide AJ, Banerjee AK. Agrobacterium-mediated Tnt1 mutagenesis of moss protonemal filaments and generation of stable mutants with impaired gametophyte. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:583-596. [PMID: 30689096 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gametophyte of moss exhibits a simple body plan, yet its growth is regulated by complex developmental phenomena similar to angiosperms. Because moss can be easily maintained under laboratory conditions, amenable for gene targeting and the availability of genome sequence, P. patens has become an attractive model system for studying evolutionary traits. Until date, there has been no Agrobacterium-mediated Tnt1 mutagenesis protocol for haploid protonemal filaments of moss. Hence, we attempted to use the intact tobacco Tnt1 retrotransposon as a mutagen for P. patens. Bioinformatic analysis of initiator methionyl-tRNA (Met-tRNAi), a critical host factor for Tnt1 transposition process, suggested that it can be explored as a mutagen for bryophytes. Using protonemal filaments and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, 75 Tnt1 mutants have been generated and cryopreserved. SSAP analysis and TAIL-PCR revealed that Tnt1 is functional in P. patens and has a high-preference for gene and GC-rich regions. In addition, LTR::GUS lines exhibited a basal but tissue-specific inducible expression pattern. Forward genetic screen resulted in 5 novel phenotypes related to hormonal and gravity response, phyllid, and gamete development. SSAP analysis suggests that the Tnt1 insertion pattern is stable under normal growth conditions and the high-frequency phenotypic deviations are possibly due to the combination of haploid explant (protonema) and the choice of mutagen (Tnt1). We demonstrate that Agrobacterium-mediated Tnt1 insertional mutagenesis could generate stable P. patens mutant populations for future forward genetic studies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Agrobacterium/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Bryopsida/genetics
- Chromosomes, Plant/genetics
- DNA, Plant/classification
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Genome, Plant/genetics
- Germ Cells, Plant/metabolism
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Phylogeny
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- RNA, Transfer, Met/classification
- RNA, Transfer, Met/genetics
- Retroelements/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Transformation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boominathan Mohanasundaram
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER, Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 008, India
| | - Vyankatesh B Rajmane
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER, Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 008, India
| | - Sukanya V Jogdand
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER, Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 008, India
| | - Amey J Bhide
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER, Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 008, India
| | - Anjan K Banerjee
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER, Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 008, India.
| |
Collapse
|