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Yoosefzadeh-Najafabadi M, Torabi S, Tulpan D, Rajcan I, Eskandari M. Application of SVR-Mediated GWAS for Identification of Durable Genetic Regions Associated with Soybean Seed Quality Traits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2659. [PMID: 37514272 PMCID: PMC10383196 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an important food-grade strategic crop worldwide because of its high seed protein and oil contents. Due to the negative correlation between seed protein and oil percentage, there is a dire need to detect reliable quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying these traits in order to be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is one of the most common genetic approaches that is regularly used for detecting QTL associated with quantitative traits. However, the current approaches are mainly focused on estimating the main effects of QTL, and, therefore, a substantial statistical improvement in GWAS is required to detect associated QTL considering their interactions with other QTL as well. This study aimed to compare the support vector regression (SVR) algorithm as a common machine learning method to fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU), a common conventional GWAS method in detecting relevant QTL associated with soybean seed quality traits such as protein, oil, and 100-seed weight using 227 soybean genotypes. The results showed a significant negative correlation between soybean seed protein and oil concentrations, with heritability values of 0.69 and 0.67, respectively. In addition, SVR-mediated GWAS was able to identify more relevant QTL underlying the target traits than the FarmCPU method. Our findings demonstrate the potential use of machine learning algorithms in GWAS to detect durable QTL associated with soybean seed quality traits suitable for genomic-based breeding approaches. This study provides new insights into improving the accuracy and efficiency of GWAS and highlights the significance of using advanced computational methods in crop breeding research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sepideh Torabi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dan Tulpan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Istvan Rajcan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Milad Eskandari
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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2
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Liu X, Zhang P, Zhao Q, Huang AC. Making small molecules in plants: A chassis for synthetic biology-based production of plant natural products. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:417-443. [PMID: 35852486 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products have been extensively exploited in food, medicine, flavor, cosmetic, renewable fuel, and other industrial sectors. Synthetic biology has recently emerged as a promising means for the cost-effective and sustainable production of natural products. Compared with engineering microbes for the production of plant natural products, the potential of plants as chassis for producing these compounds is underestimated, largely due to challenges encountered in engineering plants. Knowledge in plant engineering is instrumental for enabling the effective and efficient production of valuable phytochemicals in plants, and also paves the way for a more sustainable future agriculture. In this manuscript, we briefly recap the biosynthesis of plant natural products, focusing primarily on industrially important terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids. We further summarize the plant hosts and strategies that have been used to engineer the production of natural products. The challenges and opportunities of using plant synthetic biology to achieve rapid and scalable production of high-value plant natural products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ancheng C Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Wang W, Wen H, Jin Q, Yu W, Li G, Wu M, Bai H, Shen L, Wu C. Comparative transcriptome analysis on candidate genes involved in lipid biosynthesis of developing kernels for three walnut cultivars in Xinjiang. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Park ME, Kim HU. Applications and prospects of genome editing in plant fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:969844. [PMID: 36119569 PMCID: PMC9471015 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG), which is a neutral lipid, has a structure in which three molecules of fatty acid (FA) are ester-bonded to one molecule of glycerol. TAG is important energy source for seed germination and seedling development in plants. Depending on the FA composition of the TAG, it is used as an edible oil or industrial material for cosmetics, soap, and lubricant. As the demand for plant oil is rising worldwide, either the type of FA must be changed or the total oil content of various plants must be increased. In this review, we discuss the regulation of FA metabolism by Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9, a recent genome-editing technology applicable to various plants. The development of plants with higher levels of oleic acid or lower levels of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in seeds are discussed. In addition, the current status of research on acyltransferases, phospholipases, TAG lipases, and TAG synthesis in vegetative tissues is described. Finally, strategies for the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in lipid metabolism studies are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Bengtsson JD, Wallis JG, Browse J. Expression of Physaria longchain acyl-CoA synthetases and hydroxy fatty acid accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 274:153717. [PMID: 35584570 PMCID: PMC9494924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxy fatty acids (HFA) are industrially useful chemical feedstocks that accumulate in seed-storage triacylglycerols (TAG) of several plant species, including castor (Ricinus communis) and Physaria (Physaria fendleri). For researchers, HFA also offer a unique opportunity to trace fatty acid metabolism and modification. Past work producing HFA in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has demonstrated the importance of isozymes of TAG synthesis from plants that evolved to store HFA and as a result have a high degree of specificity towards HFA substrates. Castor phospholipase A2α (RcPLA2) has specificity for HFA-containing phosphatidylcholine. However, expression of RcPLA2 in HFA-accumulating Arabidopsis line CL37-PLA2 reduced HFA content of TAG. This loss was interpreted as being due to poor ability of Arabidopsis longchain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) to utilize HFAs substrates. LACS enzymes are essential to activate HFA to HFA-CoA for TAG synthesis. Physaria is a close relative of Arabidopsis in the Brassicaceae family. To test the hypothesis that this close relatedness would allow Physaria LACSs to interface successfully with Arabidopsis enzymes of seed lipid metabolism and thereby restore HFA accumulation, we transformed PfLACS4 and PfLACS8 constructs into the CL37-PLA2 line. However, HFA content was not recovered, and biochemical characterization of recombinant PfLACS4 and PfLACS8 indicated that these isozymes have substrate specificities and selectivities that are similar to their Arabidopsis orthologues. These and other results pose an important question about how HFA synthesized on phosphatidylcholine can be transferred into the acyl-CoA pool for TAG synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Bengtsson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - James G Wallis
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Joshi A, Verma KK, D Rajput V, Minkina T, Arora J. Recent advances in metabolic engineering of microorganisms for advancing lignocellulose-derived biofuels. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8135-8163. [PMID: 35297313 PMCID: PMC9161965 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2051856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Combating climate change and ensuring energy supply to a rapidly growing global population has highlighted the need to replace petroleum fuels with clean, and sustainable renewable fuels. Biofuels offer a solution to safeguard energy security with reduced ecological footprint and process economics. Over the past years, lignocellulosic biomass has become the most preferred raw material for the production of biofuels, such as fuel, alcohol, biodiesel, and biohydrogen. However, the cost-effective conversion of lignocellulose into biofuels remains an unsolved challenge at the industrial scale. Recently, intensive efforts have been made in lignocellulose feedstock and microbial engineering to address this problem. By improving the biological pathways leading to the polysaccharide, lignin, and lipid biosynthesis, limited success has been achieved, and still needs to improve sustainable biofuel production. Impressive success is being achieved by the retouring metabolic pathways of different microbial hosts. Several robust phenotypes, mostly from bacteria and yeast domains, have been successfully constructed with improved substrate spectrum, product yield and sturdiness against hydrolysate toxins. Cyanobacteria is also being explored for metabolic advancement in recent years, however, it also remained underdeveloped to generate commercialized biofuels. The bacterium Escherichia coli and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains are also being engineered to have cell surfaces displaying hydrolytic enzymes, which holds much promise for near-term scale-up and biorefinery use. Looking forward, future advances to achieve economically feasible production of lignocellulosic-based biofuels with special focus on designing more efficient metabolic pathways coupled with screening, and engineering of novel enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Joshi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur313001, India
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning - 530007, China
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090, Russia
| | - Jaya Arora
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur313001, India,CONTACT Jaya Arora Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur313001, India
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Motto M, Sahay S. Energy plants (crops): potential natural and future designer plants. HANDBOOK OF BIOFUELS 2022:73-114. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822810-4.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Pollard M, Shachar-Hill Y. Kinetic complexities of triacylglycerol accumulation in developing embryos from Camelina sativa provide evidence for multiple biosynthetic systems. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101396. [PMID: 34774796 PMCID: PMC8715117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative flux maps describing glycerolipid synthesis can be important tools for rational engineering of lipid content and composition in oilseeds. Lipid accumulation in cultured embryos of Camelina sativa is known to mimic that of seeds in terms of rate of lipid synthesis and composition. To assess the kinetic complexity of the glycerolipid flux network, cultured embryos were incubated with [14C/13C]glycerol, and initial and steady state rates of [14C/13Cglyceryl] lipid accumulation were measured. At steady state, the linear accumulations of labeled lipid classes matched those expected from mass compositions. The system showed an apparently simple kinetic precursor-product relationship between the intermediate pool, dominated by diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), and the triacylglycerol (TAG) product. We also conducted isotopomer analyses on hydrogenated lipid class species. [13C3glyceryl] labeling of DAG and PC, together with estimates of endogenous [12C3glyceryl] dilution, showed that each biosynthetically active lipid pool is ∼30% of the total by moles. This validates the concept that lipid sub-pools can describe lipid biosynthetic networks. By tracking the kinetics of [13C3glyceryl] and [13C2acyl] labeling, we observed two distinct TAG synthesis components. The major TAG synthesis flux (∼75%) was associated with >95% of the DAG/PC intermediate pool, with little glycerol being metabolized to fatty acids, and with little dilution from endogenous glycerol; a smaller flux exhibited converse characteristics. This kinetic heterogeneity was further explored using postlabeling embryo dissection and differential lipid extractions. The minor flux was tentatively localized to surface cells across the whole embryo. Such heterogeneity must be recognized in order to construct accurate gene expression patterns and metabolic networks describing lipid biosynthesis in developing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Pollard
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yair Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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9
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Wu C, Hong B, Jiang S, Luo X, Lin H, Zhou Y, Wu J, Yue X, Shi H, Wu R. Recent advances on essential fatty acid biosynthesis and production: Clarifying the roles of Δ12/Δ15 fatty acid desaturase. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Fu Y, Mason AS, Zhang Y, Yu H. Identification and Development of KASP Markers for Novel Mutant BnFAD2 Alleles Associated With Elevated Oleic Acid in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:715633. [PMID: 34381489 PMCID: PMC8350730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.715633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid desaturase FAD2 genes are the main contributors to oleic acid content, and different FAD2 alleles can result in different oleic acid contents in rapeseed oil. Hence, identification of allelic variation in FAD2 is an extremely desirable breeding goal. By performing QTL mapping using 190 F2:3 lines genotyped by genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers assayed by the Brassica 60 K Infinium BeadChip Array, four quantitative trait loci (QTL) for C18:1 content were mapped on chromosomes A01, A05, A09 and C05 over 3 years in a population segregating for oleic acid content. Two BnFAD2 genes on A05 and C05 were anchored within the QTL intervals, explaining 45-52 and 15-44% of the observed variation for C18:1 content. Sequence polymorphisms between the corresponding coding regions of the parental lines found two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BnFAD2.A05 and BnFAD2.C05, respectively, which led to the amino acid changes (C421T and G1073E) in the corresponding proteins. The mutation sites of Bnfad2.A05 and Bnfad2.C05 alleles were located within the second H-box and near the third H-box motif of the protein, respectively, and were found to be novel mutant alleles. Lines resulting from the combination of these two alleles contained up to 88% oleic acid in their seed oil, compared with 63% in wild-type controls. Two competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers based on these two mutation sites were successfully developed and validated in segregating F2 populations. These markers will facilitate breeding for ultra-high seed oleic acid content in oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yaofeng Zhang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huasheng Yu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Naegeli H, Bresson J, Dalmay T, Dewhurst IC, Epstein MM, Firbank LG, Guerche P, Hejatko J, Moreno FJ, Nogue F, Rostoks N, Sanchez Serrano JJ, Savoini G, Veromann E, Veronesi F, Casacuberta J, De Schrijver A, Messean A, Patron N, Zurbriggen M, Alvarez F, Devos Y, Gennaro A, Streissl F, Papadopoulou N, Mullins E. Evaluation of existing guidelines for their adequacy for the molecular characterisation and environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants obtained through synthetic biology. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06301. [PMID: 33598046 PMCID: PMC7863006 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic Biology (SynBio) is an interdisciplinary field at the interface of engineering and biology aiming to develop new biological systems and impart new functions to living cells. EFSA has been asked by the European Commission to evaluate SynBio developments in agri-food with the aim of identifying the adequacy of existing guidelines for risk assessment and determine if updated guidance is needed. The scope of this opinion covers the molecular characterisation and environmental risk assessment of such genetically modified plants obtained through SynBio, meant to be for cultivation or food and feed purposes. The previous work on SynBio by the non-food scientific Committees (2014, 2015) was used and complemented with the output of a horizon scanning exercise, which was commissioned by the EFSA to identify the most realistic and forthcoming SynBio cases of relevance to this remit. The horizon scan did not identify other sectors/advances in addition to the six SynBio categories previously identified by the non-food scientific committees of the European Commission. The exercise did show that plant SynBio products reaching the market in the near future (next decade) are likely to apply SynBio approaches to their development using existing genetic modification and genome editing technologies. In addition, three hypothetical SynBio case studies were selected by the working group of the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO), to further support the scoping exercise of this Scientific Opinion. Using the selected cases, the GMO Panel concludes that the requirements of the EU regulatory framework and existing EFSA guidelines are adequate for the risk assessment of SynBio products to be developed in the next 10 years, although specific requirements may not apply to all products. The GMO Panel acknowledges that as SynBio developments evolve, a need may exist to adjust the guidelines to ensure they are adequate and sufficient.
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Autran D, Bassel GW, Chae E, Ezer D, Ferjani A, Fleck C, Hamant O, Hartmann FP, Jiao Y, Johnston IG, Kwiatkowska D, Lim BL, Mahönen AP, Morris RJ, Mulder BM, Nakayama N, Sozzani R, Strader LC, ten Tusscher K, Ueda M, Wolf S. What is quantitative plant biology? QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 2:e10. [PMID: 37077212 PMCID: PMC10095877 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2021.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative plant biology is an interdisciplinary field that builds on a long history of biomathematics and biophysics. Today, thanks to high spatiotemporal resolution tools and computational modelling, it sets a new standard in plant science. Acquired data, whether molecular, geometric or mechanical, are quantified, statistically assessed and integrated at multiple scales and across fields. They feed testable predictions that, in turn, guide further experimental tests. Quantitative features such as variability, noise, robustness, delays or feedback loops are included to account for the inner dynamics of plants and their interactions with the environment. Here, we present the main features of this ongoing revolution, through new questions around signalling networks, tissue topology, shape plasticity, biomechanics, bioenergetics, ecology and engineering. In the end, quantitative plant biology allows us to question and better understand our interactions with plants. In turn, this field opens the door to transdisciplinary projects with the society, notably through citizen science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Autran
- DIADE, University of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - George W. Bassel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Eunyoung Chae
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daphne Ezer
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Fleck
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling (FDM), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | - Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, École normale supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon (UCBL), Lyon, France
- Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Author for correspondence: O. Hamant and A. P. Mahönen, E-mail: ,
| | | | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dorota Kwiatkowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environment Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Boon L. Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ari Pekka Mahönen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard J. Morris
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Bela M. Mulder
- Department of Living Matter, Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Nakayama
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North CarolinaUSA
| | - Lucia C. Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MissouriUSA
| | - Kirsten ten Tusscher
- Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Minako Ueda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Lunn D, Le A, Wallis JG, Browse J. Castor LPCAT and PDAT1A Act in Concert to Promote Transacylation of Hydroxy-Fatty Acid onto Triacylglycerol. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:709-719. [PMID: 32737074 PMCID: PMC7536696 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oilseeds produce abundant triacylglycerol (TAG) during seed maturation to fuel the establishment of photoautotrophism in the subsequent generation. Commonly, TAG contains 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA), but plants also produce oils with unique chemical properties highly desirable for industrial processes. Unfortunately, plants that produce such oils are poorly suited to agronomic exploitation, leading to a desire to reconstitute novel oil biosynthesis in crop plants. Here, we studied the production and incorporation of hydroxy-fatty acids (HFA) onto TAG in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing the castor (Ricinus communis) FAH12 hydroxylase. One factor limiting HFA accumulation in these plants is the inefficient removal of HFA from the site of synthesis on phosphatidylcholine (PC). In Arabidopsis, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPCAT) cycles FA to and from PC for modification. We reasoned that the castor LPCAT (RcLPCAT) would preferentially remove HFA from PC, resulting in greater incorporation onto TAG. However, expressing RcLPCAT in Arabidopsis expressing FAH12 alone (line CL37) or together with castor acyl:coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 reduced HFA and total oil yield. Detailed analysis indicated that RcLPCAT reduced the removal of HFA from PC, possibly by competing with the endogenous LPCAT isozymes. Significantly, coexpressing RcLPCAT with castor phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase increased novel FA and total oil contents by transferring HFA from PC to diacylglycerol. Our results demonstrate that a detailed understanding is required to engineer modified FA production in oilseeds and suggest that phospholipase A2 enzymes rather than LPCAT mediate the highly efficient removal of HFA from PC in castor seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lunn
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Anh Le
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - James G Wallis
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
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Regmi A, Shockey J, Kotapati HK, Bates PD. Oil-Producing Metabolons Containing DGAT1 Use Separate Substrate Pools from those Containing DGAT2 or PDAT. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:720-737. [PMID: 32732347 PMCID: PMC7536707 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seed triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis involves a metabolic network containing multiple different diacylglycerol (DAG) and acyl donor substrate pools. This network of pathways overlaps with those for essential membrane lipid synthesis and utilizes multiple different classes of TAG biosynthetic enzymes. Acyl flux through this network ultimately dictates the final oil fatty acid composition. Most strategies to alter seed oil composition involve the overexpression of lipid biosynthetic enzymes, but how these enzymes are assembled into metabolons and which substrate pools are used by each is still not well understood. To understand the roles of different classes of TAG biosynthetic acyltransferases in seed oil biosynthesis, we utilized the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) diacylglycerol acyltransferase mutant dgat1-1 (in which phosphatidylcholine:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (AtPDAT1) is the major TAG biosynthetic enzyme), and enhanced TAG biosynthesis by expression of Arabidopsis acyltransferases AtDGAT1 and AtDGAT2, as well as the DGAT2 enzymes from soybean (Glycine max), and castor (Ricinus communis), followed by isotopic tracing of glycerol flux through the lipid metabolic network in developing seeds. The results indicate each acyltransferase has a unique effect on seed oil composition. AtDGAT1 produces TAG from a rapidly produced phosphatidylcholine-derived DAG pool. However, AtPDAT1 and plant DGAT2 enzymes utilize a different and larger bulk phosphatidylcholine-derived DAG pool that is more slowly turned over for TAG biosynthesis. Based on metabolic fluxes and protein:protein interactions, our model of TAG synthesis suggests that substrate channeling to select enzymes and spatial separation of different acyltransferases into separate metabolons affect efficient TAG production and oil fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushobha Regmi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Jay Shockey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124
| | - Hari Kiran Kotapati
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Philip D Bates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
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15
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Correa SM, Alseekh S, Atehortúa L, Brotman Y, Ríos-Estepa R, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z. Model-assisted identification of metabolic engineering strategies for Jatropha curcas lipid pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:76-95. [PMID: 33001507 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Efficient approaches to increase plant lipid production are necessary to meet current industrial demands for this important resource. While Jatropha curcas cell culture can be used for in vitro lipid production, scaling up the system for industrial applications requires an understanding of how growth conditions affect lipid metabolism and yield. Here we present a bottom-up metabolic reconstruction of J. curcas supported with labeling experiments and biomass characterization under three growth conditions. We show that the metabolic model can accurately predict growth and distribution of fluxes in cell cultures and use these findings to pinpoint energy expenditures that affect lipid biosynthesis and metabolism. In addition, by using constraint-based modeling approaches we identify network reactions whose joint manipulation optimizes lipid production. The proposed model and computational analyses provide a stepping stone for future rational optimization of other agronomically relevant traits in J. curcas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Correa
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Grupo de Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Centre for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Lucía Atehortúa
- Grupo de Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Rigoberto Ríos-Estepa
- Grupo de Bioprocesos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Centre for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Centre for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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16
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Xu Y, Mietkiewska E, Shah S, Weselake RJ, Chen G. Punicic acid production in Brassica napus. Metab Eng 2020; 62:20-29. [PMID: 32841680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Punicic acid (PuA; 18:3Δ9cis,11trans,13cis), a conjugated linolenic acid isomer bearing three conjugated double bonds, is associated with various health benefits and has potential for industrial use. The major nature source of this unusual fatty acid is pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil, which contains up to 80% (w/w) of its fatty acids as PuA. Pomegranate seed oil, however, is low yielding with unstable production and thus limits the supply of PuA. Metabolic engineering of established temperate oil crops for PuA production, therefore, has the potential to be a feasible strategy to overcome the limitations associated with sourcing PuA from pomegranate. In this study, the cDNAs encoding a pomegranate fatty acid conjugase and a pomegranate oleate desaturase were co-expressed in canola-type Brassica napus. Transgenic B. napus lines accumulated up to 11% (w/w) of the total fatty acids as PuA in the seed oil, which is the highest level of PuA reported in metabolically engineered oilseed crops so far. Levels of seed oil PuA were stable over two generations and had no negative effects on seed germination. The transgenic B. napus lines with the highest PuA levels contained multiple transgene insertions and the PuA content of B. napus seed oil was correlated with efficiency of oleic acid desaturation and linoleic acid conjugation. In addition, PuA accumulated at lower levels in polar lipids (5.0-6.9%) than triacylglycerol (7.5-10.6%), and more than 60% of triacylglycerol-associated PuA was present at the sn-2 position. This study provides the basis for the commercial production of PuA in transgenic oilseed crops and thus would open new prospects for the application of this unusual fatty acid in health and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Elzbieta Mietkiewska
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Saleh Shah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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17
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Ortiz R, Geleta M, Gustafsson C, Lager I, Hofvander P, Löfstedt C, Cahoon EB, Minina E, Bozhkov P, Stymne S. Oil crops for the future. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 56:181-189. [PMID: 31982290 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture faces enormous challenges including the need to substantially increase productivity, reduce environmental footprint, and deliver renewable alternatives that are being addressed by developing new oil crops for the future. The efforts include domestication of Lepidium spp. using genomics-aided breeding as a cold hardy perennial high-yielding oil crop that provides substantial environmental benefits, expands the geography for oil crops, and improves farmers' economy. In addition, genetic engineering in Crambe abyssinica may lead to a dedicated industrial oil crop to replace fossil oil. Redirection of photosynthates from starch to oil in plant tubers and cereal endosperm also provides a path for enhancing oil production to meet the growing demands for food, fuel, and biomaterials. Insect pheromone components are produced in seed oil plants in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly pest management replacing synthetically produced pheromones. Autophagy is explored for increasing crop fitness and oil accumulation using genetic engineering in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Gustafsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Per Hofvander
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | | | - Elena Minina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sten Stymne
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Alnarp, Sweden
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18
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Correa SM, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Brotman Y. Towards model-driven characterization and manipulation of plant lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101051. [PMID: 32640289 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipids have versatile applications and provide essential fatty acids in human diet. Therefore, there has been a growing interest to better characterize the genetic basis, regulatory networks, and metabolic pathways that shape lipid quantity and composition. Addressing these issues is challenging due to context-specificity of lipid metabolism integrating environmental, developmental, and tissue-specific cues. Here we systematically review the known metabolic pathways and regulatory interactions that modulate the levels of storage lipids in oilseeds. We argue that the current understanding of lipid metabolism provides the basis for its study in the context of genome-wide plant metabolic networks with the help of approaches from constraint-based modeling and metabolic flux analysis. The focus is on providing a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of modeling plant lipid metabolic pathways, which we then contrast with the existing modeling efforts in yeast and microalgae. We then point out the gaps in knowledge of lipid metabolism, and enumerate the recent advances of using genome-wide association and quantitative trait loci mapping studies to unravel the genetic regulations of lipid metabolism. Finally, we offer a perspective on how advances in the constraint-based modeling framework can propel further characterization of plant lipid metabolism and its rational manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Correa
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel; Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
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19
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Cahoon EB, Li-Beisson Y. Plant unusual fatty acids: learning from the less common. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 55:66-73. [PMID: 32304939 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The plant kingdom contains an abundance of structurally diverse fatty acids referred to as unusual fatty acids. Unusual fatty acids on plant surfaces can form polyesters that contribute to the function of cutin as a barrier for water loss and pathogen protection. Unusual fatty acids are also found as abundant components of seed oils of selected species and often confer desirable properties for industrial and nutritional applications. Here, we review recent findings on the biosynthesis and metabolism of unusual fatty acids in cutin and seed oils and use of this information for enzyme structure-function studies and seed oil metabolic engineering. We also highlight the recent discovery of unusual fatty acids that are formed from a previously undescribed variation of fatty acid elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
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20
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Yao M, Guan M, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Cui Y, Chen H, Liu W, Jan HU, Voss-Fels KP, Werner CR, He X, Liu Z, Guan C, Snowdon RJ, Hua W, Qian L. GWAS and co-expression network combination uncovers multigenes with close linkage effects on the oleic acid content accumulation in Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:320. [PMID: 32326904 PMCID: PMC7181522 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strong artificial and natural selection causes the formation of highly conserved haplotypes that harbor agronomically important genes. GWAS combination with haplotype analysis has evolved as an effective method to dissect the genetic architecture of complex traits in crop species. Results We used the 60 K Brassica Infinium SNP array to perform a genome-wide analysis of haplotype blocks associated with oleic acid (C18:1) in rapeseed. Six haplotype regions were identified as significantly associated with oleic acid (C18:1) that mapped to chromosomes A02, A07, A08, C01, C02, and C03. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing of 50 rapeseed accessions revealed three genes (BnmtACP2-A02, BnABCI13-A02 and BnECI1-A02) in the A02 chromosome haplotype region and two genes (BnFAD8-C02 and BnSDP1-C02) in the C02 chromosome haplotype region that were closely linked to oleic acid content phenotypic variation. Moreover, the co-expression network analysis uncovered candidate genes from these two different haplotype regions with potential regulatory interrelationships with oleic acid content accumulation. Conclusions Our results suggest that several candidate genes are closely linked, which provides us with an opportunity to develop functional haplotype markers for the improvement of the oleic acid content in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Mei Guan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yixin Cui
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Habib U Jan
- Precision Medicine Lab, Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Phase 5, Hayatabad, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Kai P Voss-Fels
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christian R Werner
- The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Research Centre Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Xin He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhongsong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chunyun Guan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Rod J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wei Hua
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China. .,Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Lunwen Qian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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21
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Beechey-Gradwell Z, Cooney L, Winichayakul S, Andrews M, Hea SY, Crowther T, Roberts N. Storing carbon in leaf lipid sinks enhances perennial ryegrass carbon capture especially under high N and elevated CO2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2351-2361. [PMID: 31679036 PMCID: PMC7134912 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
By modifying two genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and storage [cysteine oleosin (cys-OLE)/diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT)], the accumulation of stable lipid droplets in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) leaves was achieved. Growth, biomass allocation, leaf structure, gas exchange parameters, fatty acids, and water-soluble carbohydrates were quantified for a high-expressing cys-OLE/DGAT ryegrass transformant (HL) and a wild-type (WT) control grown under controlled conditions with 1-10 mM nitrogen (N) supply at ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2. A dramatic shift in leaf carbon (C) storage occurred in HL leaves, away from readily mobilizable carbohydrates and towards stable lipid droplets. HL exhibited an increased growth rate, mainly in non-photosynthetic organs, leading to a decreased leaf mass fraction. HL leaves, however, displayed an increased specific leaf area and photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area, delivering greater overall C capture and leaf growth at high N supply. HL also exhibited a greater photosynthesis response to elevated atmospheric CO2. We speculate that by behaving as uniquely stable microsinks for C, cys-OLE-encapsulated lipid droplets can reduce feedback inhibition of photosynthesis and drive greater C capture. Manipulation of many genes and gene combinations has been used to increase non-seed lipid content. However, the cys-OLE/DGAT technology remains the only reported case that increases plant biomass. We contrast cys-OLE/DGAT with other lipid accumulation strategies and discuss the implications of introducing lipid sinks into non-seed organs for plant energy homeostasis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zac Beechey-Gradwell
- Agresearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Luke Cooney
- Agresearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Mitchell Andrews
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Shen Y Hea
- Agresearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tracey Crowther
- Agresearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick Roberts
- Agresearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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22
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Huai D, Xue X, Li Y, Wang P, Li J, Yan L, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu N, Kang Y, Wang Z, Huang Y, Jiang H, Lei Y, Liao B. Genome-Wide Identification of Peanut KCS Genes Reveals That AhKCS1 and AhKCS28 Are Involved in Regulating VLCFA Contents in Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:406. [PMID: 32457765 PMCID: PMC7221192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop worldwide. Compared to other common edible vegetable oils, peanut oil contains a higher content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), approximately 20-40% of which are very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). To understand the basis for this oil profile, we interrogated genes for peanut β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS), which is known to be a key enzyme in VLCFA biosynthesis. A total of 30 AhKCS genes were identified in the assembled genome of the peanut. Based on transcriptome data, nine AhKCS genes with high expression levels in developing seeds were cloned and expressed in yeast. All these AhKCSs could produce VLCFAs but result in different profiles, indicating that the AhKCSs catalyzed fatty acid elongation with different substrate specificities. Expression level analysis of these nine AhKCS genes was performed in developing seeds from six peanut germplasm lines with different VLCFA contents. Among these genes, the expression levels of AhKCS1 or AhKCS28 were, 4-10-fold higher than that of any other AhKCS. However, only the expression levels of AhKCS1 and AhKCS28 were significantly and positively correlated with the VLCFA content, suggesting that AhKCS1 and AhKCS28 were involved in the regulation of VLCFA content in the peanut seed. Further subcellular localization analysis indicated that AhKCS1 and AhKCS28 were located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Overexpression of AhKCS1 or AhKCS28 in Arabidopsis increased the contents of VLCFAs in the seed, especially for very long chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs). Taken together, this study suggests that AhKCS1 and AhKCS28 could be key genes in regulating VLCFA biosynthesis in the seed, which could be applied to improve the health-promoting and nutritional qualities of the peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Danzhou, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Lei,
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Boshou Liao,
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23
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Amosova AV, Zoshchuk SA, Volovik VT, Shirokova AV, Horuzhiy NE, Mozgova GV, Yurkevich OY, Artyukhova MA, Lemesh VA, Samatadze TE, Muravenko OV. Phenotypic, biochemical and genomic variability in generations of the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) mutant lines obtained via chemical mutagenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221699. [PMID: 31461492 PMCID: PMC6713389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic, biochemical and genetic variability was studied in M2-M5 generations of ethyl methansulfonat (EMS, 0.2%) mutagenized rapeseed lines generated from canola, '00', B. napus cv. Vikros. EMS mutagenesis induced extensive diversity in morphological and agronomic traits among mutant progeny resulted in selection of EMS populations of B. napus- and B. rapa-morphotypes. The seeds of the obtained mutant lines were high-protein, low in oil and stabilized in contents of main fatty acids which make them useful for feed production. Despite the increased level of various meiotic abnormalities revealed in EMS populations, comparative karyotype analysis and FISH-based visualization of 45S and 5S rDNA indicated a high level of karyotypic stability in M2-M5 plants, and therefore, the obtained mutant lines could be useful in further rapeseed improvement. The revealed structural chromosomal reorganizations in karyotypes of several plants of B. rapa-type indicate that rapeseed breeding by chemical mutagenesis can result in cytogenetic instability in the mutant progeny, and therefore, it should include the karyotype examination. Our findings demonstrate that EMS at low concentrations has great potential in rapeseed improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V. Amosova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Svyatoslav A. Zoshchuk
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina T. Volovik
- Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, Lobnya, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Anna V. Shirokova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nickolai E. Horuzhiy
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Galina V. Mozgova
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Olga Yu. Yurkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Margarita A. Artyukhova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina A. Lemesh
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tatiana E. Samatadze
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V. Muravenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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24
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Kanai M, Yamada T, Hayashi M, Mano S, Nishimura M. Soybean (Glycine max L.) triacylglycerol lipase GmSDP1 regulates the quality and quantity of seed oil. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8924. [PMID: 31222045 PMCID: PMC6586785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds of soybean (Glycine max L.) are a major source of plant-derived oils. In the past, improvements have been made in the quantity and quality of seed oil. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the principal components of soybean seed oil, and understanding the metabolic regulation of TAGs in soybean seeds is essential. Here, we identified four soybean genes encoding TAG lipases, designated as SUGAR DEPENDENT1-1 (GmSDP1-1), GmSDP1-2, GmSDP1-3 and GmSDP1-4; these are homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana SDP1 (AtSDP1). To characterize the function of these genes during grain filling, transgenic lines of soybean were generated via RNA interference to knockdown the expression of all four GmSDP1 genes. The seed oil content of the transgenic soybean lines was significantly increased compared with the wild type (WT). Additionally, fatty acid profiles of the WT and transgenic soybean lines were altered; the content of linoleic acid, a major fatty acid in soybean seeds, was significantly reduced, whereas that of oleic acid was increased in transgenic soybean seeds compared with the WT. Substrate specificity experiments showed that TAG lipase preferentially cleaved oleic acid than linoleic acid in the oil body membrane in WT soybean. This study demonstrates that the GmSDP1 proteins regulate both the TAG content and fatty acid composition of soybean seeds during grain filling. These results provide a novel strategy for improving both the quantity and quality of soybean seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatake Kanai
- Laboratory of Organelle Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Shoji Mano
- Laboratory of Organelle Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan.
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25
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Wei Y, Ji B, Siewers V, Xu D, Halkier BA, Nielsen J. Identification of genes involved in shea butter biosynthesis from Vitellaria paradoxa fruits through transcriptomics and functional heterologous expression. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3727-3736. [PMID: 30915502 PMCID: PMC6469615 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) is one economically important plant species that mainly distributes in West Africa. Shea butter extracted from shea fruit kernels can be used as valuable products in the food and cosmetic industries. The most valuable composition in shea butter was one kind of triacylglycerol (TAG), 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (SOS, C18:0–C18:1–C18:0). However, shea butter production is limited and little is known about the genetic information of shea tree. In this study, we tried to reveal genetic information of shea tree and identified shea TAG biosynthetic genes for future shea butter production in yeast cell factories. First, we measured lipid content, lipid composition, and TAG composition of seven shea fruits at different ripe stages. Then, we performed transcriptome analysis on two shea fruits containing obviously different levels of SOS and revealed a list of TAG biosynthetic genes potentially involved in TAG biosynthesis. In total, 4 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) genes, 8 lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPAT) genes, and 11 diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) genes in TAG biosynthetic pathway were predicted from the assembled transcriptome and 14 of them were cloned from shea fruit cDNA. Furthermore, the heterologous expression of these 14 potential GPAT, LPAT, and DGAT genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae changed yeast fatty acid and lipid profiles, suggesting that they functioned in S. cerevisiae. Moreover, two shea DGAT genes, VpDGAT1 and VpDGAT7, were identified as functional DGATs in shea tree, showing they might be useful for shea butter (SOS) production in yeast cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of State Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Boyang Ji
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Deyang Xu
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
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26
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Ha J, Shim S, Lee T, Kang YJ, Hwang WJ, Jeong H, Laosatit K, Lee J, Kim SK, Satyawan D, Lestari P, Yoon MY, Kim MY, Chitikineni A, Tanya P, Somta P, Srinives P, Varshney RK, Lee S. Genome sequence of Jatropha curcas L., a non-edible biodiesel plant, provides a resource to improve seed-related traits. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:517-530. [PMID: 30059608 PMCID: PMC6335072 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas (physic nut), a non-edible oilseed crop, represents one of the most promising alternative energy sources due to its high seed oil content, rapid growth and adaptability to various environments. We report ~339 Mbp draft whole genome sequence of J. curcas var. Chai Nat using both the PacBio and Illumina sequencing platforms. We identified and categorized differentially expressed genes related to biosynthesis of lipid and toxic compound among four stages of seed development. Triacylglycerol (TAG), the major component of seed storage oil, is mainly synthesized by phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase in Jatropha, and continuous high expression of homologs of oleosin over seed development contributes to accumulation of high level of oil in kernels by preventing the breakdown of TAG. A physical cluster of genes for diterpenoid biosynthetic enzymes, including casbene synthases highly responsible for a toxic compound, phorbol ester, in seed cake, was syntenically highly conserved between Jatropha and castor bean. Transcriptomic analysis of female and male flowers revealed the up-regulation of a dozen family of TFs in female flower. Additionally, we constructed a robust species tree enabling estimation of divergence times among nine Jatropha species and five commercial crops in Malpighiales order. Our results will help researchers and breeders increase energy efficiency of this important oil seed crop by improving yield and oil content, and eliminating toxic compound in seed cake for animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Ha
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sangrea Shim
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Taeyoung Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yang J. Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus program) DepartmentGyeongsang National UniversityPMBBRCJinju‐siKorea
- Division of Life Science DepartmentGyeongsang National UniversityJinju‐siKorea
| | | | - Haneul Jeong
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Kularb Laosatit
- Department of AgronomyFaculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng SaenKasetsart UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
| | - Jayern Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sue K. Kim
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural ScienceDankook UniversityCheonanSouth Korea
| | - Dani Satyawan
- Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD‐IAARD)BogorIndonesia
| | - Puji Lestari
- Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD‐IAARD)BogorIndonesia
| | - Min Y. Yoon
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Moon Y. Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Annapurna Chitikineni
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems BiologyInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadTelangana StateIndia
| | - Patcharin Tanya
- Department of AgronomyFaculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng SaenKasetsart UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
| | - Prakit Somta
- Department of AgronomyFaculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng SaenKasetsart UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
| | - Peerasak Srinives
- Department of AgronomyFaculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng SaenKasetsart UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems BiologyInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadTelangana StateIndia
| | - Suk‐Ha Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
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Li-Beisson Y, Thelen JJ, Fedosejevs E, Harwood JL. The lipid biochemistry of eukaryotic algae. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:31-68. [PMID: 30703388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Algal lipid metabolism fascinates both scientists and entrepreneurs due to the large diversity of fatty acyl structures that algae produce. Algae have therefore long been studied as sources of genes for novel fatty acids; and, due to their superior biomass productivity, algae are also considered a potential feedstock for biofuels. However, a major issue in a commercially viable "algal oil-to-biofuel" industry is the high production cost, because most algal species only produce large amounts of oils after being exposed to stress conditions. Recent studies have therefore focused on the identification of factors involved in TAG metabolism, on the subcellular organization of lipid pathways, and on interactions between organelles. This has been accompanied by the development of genetic/genomic and synthetic biological tools not only for the reference green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii but also for Nannochloropsis spp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Advances in our understanding of enzymes and regulatory proteins of acyl lipid biosynthesis and turnover are described herein with a focus on carbon and energetic aspects. We also summarize how changes in environmental factors can impact lipid metabolism and describe present and potential industrial uses of algal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez Durance F-13108, France.
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Eric Fedosejevs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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28
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Wayne LL, Gachotte DJ, Walsh TA. Transgenic and Genome Editing Approaches for Modifying Plant Oils. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1864:367-394. [PMID: 30415347 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8778-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are important for human and animal nutrition and as renewable resources for chemical feedstocks. We provide an overview of transgenic and genome editing approaches for modifying plant oils, describing useful model and crop systems and different strategies for transgenic modifications. We also describe new genome editing approaches that are beginning to be applied to oilseed plants and crops. These approaches are illustrated with examples for modifying the nutritional quality of vegetable oils by altering fatty acid desaturation, producing non-native fatty acids in oilseeds, and enhancing the overall accumulation of oil in seeds and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Wayne
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA.
| | - Daniel J Gachotte
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Terence A Walsh
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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29
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Kotapati HK, Bates PD. A normal phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the separation of hydroxy and non-hydroxy neutral lipid classes compatible with ultraviolet and in-line liquid scintillation detection of radioisotopes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:52-59. [PMID: 30368043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a method for the separation of hydroxy fatty acid and non-hydroxy fatty acid containing neutral lipid classes via normal phase HPLC with UV detection on a PVA-Sil column. The hexane/isopropanol/methanol/water based method separates all the neutral lipids in 21 min, and subsequently flushes through the polar lipids by 27 min such that prefractionation of neutral and polar lipids are not required, and the column is re-equilibrated for the next run in 15 min, for a total run time of 45 min per sample. The separation was demonstrated at both 1.0 mL/min and 1.5 mL/min for added applicability for fraction collection or inline analysis. Separation of various hydroxy fatty acid containing lipids was demonstrated from three different plant species Ricinus communis, Physaria fendleri, and engineered Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, we have combined this method with an in-line liquid scintillation counter for the separation and quantification of 14C labeled lipids obtained from in vivo metabolic flux experiments conducted in the developing seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Kiran Kotapati
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box # 5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Philip D Bates
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box # 5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
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30
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Holland CK, Jez JM. Arabidopsis: the original plant chassis organism. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1359-1366. [PMID: 29663032 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) has a past, current, and future role in the era of synthetic biology. Arabidopsis is one of the most well-studied plants with a wealth of genomics, genetics, and biochemical resources available for the metabolic engineer and synthetic biologist. Here we discuss the tools and resources that enable the identification of target genes and pathways in Arabidopsis and heterologous expression in this model plant. While there are numerous examples of engineering Arabidopsis for decreased lignin, increased seed oil, increased vitamins, and environmental remediation, this plant has provided biochemical tools for introducing Arabidopsis genes, pathways, and/or regulatory elements into other plants and microorganisms. Arabidopsis is not a vegetative or oilseed crop, but it is as an excellent model chassis for proof-of-concept metabolic engineering and synthetic biology experiments in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia K Holland
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Joseph M Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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31
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Long W, Hu M, Gao J, Chen S, Zhang J, Cheng L, Pu H. Identification and Functional Analysis of Two New Mutant BnFAD2 Alleles That Confer Elevated Oleic Acid Content in Rapeseed. Front Genet 2018; 9:399. [PMID: 30294343 PMCID: PMC6158388 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a vital oil crop worldwide. High oleic acid content is a desirable quality trait for rapeseed oil, which makes it more beneficial to human health. However, many germplasm resources with high oleic acid content in rapeseed have not been evaluated with regard to their genotypes, making it difficult to select the best strains with this trait for the breeding of high oleic acid rapeseed variety. This work was to explore the gene-regulation mechanism of this trait using a new super-high oleic acid content (∼85%) line N1379T as genetic material. In this study, the sequences of four homologous fatty acid desaturase (BnFAD2) genes were compared between super-high (∼85%, N1379T) and normal (∼63%) oleic acid content lines. Results showed that there were two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BnFAD2-1 and BnFAD2-2, respectively, which led to the amino acid changes (E106K and G303E) in the corresponding proteins. Functional analysis of both genes in yeast confirmed that these SNPs were loss-of-function mutations, thus limiting the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid and resulting in the considerable accumulation of oleic acid. Moreover, two specific cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) markers for the two SNPs were developed to identify genotypes of each line in the F2 and BC1 populations. Furthermore, these two mutant loci of BnFAD2-1 and BnFAD2-2 genes were positively associated with elevated oleic acid levels and had a similar effect with regard to the increase of oleic acid content. Taken together, these two novel SNPs in two different BnFAD2 genes jointly regulated the high oleic acid trait in this special germplasm. The study provided insight into the genetic regulation involved in oleic acid accumulation and highlighted the use of new alleles of BnFAD2-1 and BnFAD2-2 in breeding high oleic acid rapeseed varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Long
- Key Lab of Cotton and Rapeseed (Nanjing) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of the Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Maolong Hu
- Key Lab of Cotton and Rapeseed (Nanjing) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of the Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqin Gao
- Key Lab of Cotton and Rapeseed (Nanjing) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of the Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Chen
- Key Lab of Cotton and Rapeseed (Nanjing) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of the Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiefu Zhang
- Key Lab of Cotton and Rapeseed (Nanjing) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of the Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Key Lab of Cotton and Rapeseed (Nanjing) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of the Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiming Pu
- Key Lab of Cotton and Rapeseed (Nanjing) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of the Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, China
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32
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Shih PM. Towards a sustainable bio-based economy: Redirecting primary metabolism to new products with plant synthetic biology. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 273:84-91. [PMID: 29907312 PMCID: PMC6005202 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Humans have domesticated many plant species as indispensable sources of food, materials, and medicines. The dawning era of synthetic biology represents a means to further refine, redesign, and engineer crops to meet various societal and industrial needs. Current and future endeavors will utilize plants as the foundation of a bio-based economy through the photosynthetic production of carbohydrate feedstocks for the microbial fermentation of biofuels and bioproducts, with the end goal of decreasing our dependence on petrochemicals. As our technological capabilities improve, metabolic engineering efforts may expand the utility of plants beyond sugar feedstocks through the direct production of target compounds, including pharmaceuticals, renewable fuels, and commodity chemicals. However, relatively little work has been done to fully realize the potential in redirecting central carbon metabolism in plants for the engineering of novel bioproducts. Although our ability to rationally engineer and manipulate plant metabolism is in its infancy, I highlight some of the opportunities and challenges in applying synthetic biology towards engineering plant primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Shih
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, United States; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
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33
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Jayawardhane KN, Singer SD, Weselake RJ, Chen G. Plant sn-Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferases: Biocatalysts Involved in the Biosynthesis of Intracellular and Extracellular Lipids. Lipids 2018; 53:469-480. [PMID: 29989678 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-lipids such as intracellular phospholipids, galactolipids, sphingolipids, and surface lipids play a crucial role in plant cells by serving as major components of cellular membranes, seed storage oils, and extracellular lipids such as cutin and suberin. Plant lipids are also widely used to make food, renewable biomaterials, and fuels. As such, enormous efforts have been made to uncover the specific roles of different genes and enzymes involved in lipid biosynthetic pathways over the last few decades. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPAT) are a group of important enzymes catalyzing the acylation of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate at the sn-1 or sn-2 position to produce lysophosphatidic acids. This reaction constitutes the first step of storage-lipid assembly and is also important in polar- and extracellular-lipid biosynthesis. Ten GPAT have been identified in Arabidopsis, and many homologs have also been reported in other plant species. These enzymes differentially localize to plastids, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum, where they have different biological functions, resulting in distinct metabolic fate(s) for lysophosphatidic acid. Although studies in recent years have led to new discoveries about plant GPAT, many gaps still exist in our understanding of this group of enzymes. In this article, we highlight current biochemical and molecular knowledge regarding plant GPAT, and also discuss deficiencies in our understanding of their functions in the context of plant acyl-lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kethmi N Jayawardhane
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 - 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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34
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Aoyagi T, Kobayashi M, Kozaki A. Design of a Seed-Specific Chimeric Promoter with a Modified Expression Profile to Improve Seed Oil Content. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061667. [PMID: 29874815 PMCID: PMC6032214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the yield of plant oil is an important objective to meet the demand for sustainable resources and energy. Some attempts to enhance the expression of genes involved in oil synthesis in seeds have succeeded in increasing oil content. In many cases, the promoters of seed-storage protein genes have been used as seed-specific promoters. However, conventional promoters are developmentally regulated and their expression periods are limited. We constructed a chimeric promoter that starts to express in the early stage of seed development, and high-level expression is retained until the later stage by connecting the promoters of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein 2 (BCCP2) gene encoding the BCCP2 subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and the fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) gene from Arabidopsis. The constructed promoter was ligated upstream of the TAG1 gene encoding diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and introduced into Arabidopsis. Seeds from transgenic plants carrying AtTAG1 under the control of the chimeric promoter showed increased oil content (up by 18–73%) compared with wild-type seeds. The novel expression profile of the chimeric promoter showed that this could be a promising strategy to manipulate the content of seed-storage oils and other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Aoyagi
- Department of Biology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Masaya Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kozaki
- Department of Biology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Karki N, Bates PD. The effect of light conditions on interpreting oil composition engineering in Arabidopsis seeds. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00067. [PMID: 31245729 PMCID: PMC6508571 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana is the most developed and utilized model plant. In particular, it is an excellent model for proof-of-concept seed oil engineering studies because it accumulates approximately 37% seed oil by weight, and it is closely related to important Brassicaceae oilseed crops. Arabidopsis can be grown under a wide variety of conditions including continuous light; however, the amount of light is strongly correlated with total seed oil accumulation. In addition, many attempts to engineer novel seed oil fatty acid compositions in Arabidopsis have reported significant reductions in oil accumulation; however, the relative reduction from the nontransgenic controls varies greatly within the literature. A set of experiments were conducted to systematically analyze the effect of light conditions (including day/night cycle vs. continuous light, and different light intensities) on the relative accumulation of seed oil between three different transgenic lines producing novel hydroxy fatty acids and their nontransgenic background. Oil content was measured per seed and as a percentage of seed weight. Our results indicate the relative amount of seed oil between transgenic lines and nontransgenic controls is dependent on both the light conditions and the type of oil content measurement utilized. In addition, the light conditions effect the relative accumulation of the novel fatty acids between various transgenic lines. Therefore, the success of novel fatty acid proof-of-concept engineering strategies on both oil accumulation and fatty acid composition in Arabidopsis seeds should be considered in light of the select growth and measurement conditions prior to moving engineering strategies into crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nischal Karki
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMississippi
| | - Philip D. Bates
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMississippi
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Tian Y, Lv X, Xie G, Zhang J, Xu Y, Chen F. Seed-specific overexpression of AtFAX1 increases seed oil content in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:370-375. [PMID: 29654768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of plant seed oil is accomplished through the coordinate action of multiple enzymes in multiple subcellular compartments. Fatty acid (FA) has to be transported from plastid to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for TAG synthesis. However, the role of plastid FA transportation during seed oil accumulation has not been evaluated. AtFAX1 (Arabidopsis fatty acid export1) mediated the FA export from plastid. In this study, we overexpressed AtFAX1 under the control of a seed specific promoter in Arabidopsis. The resultant overexpression lines (OEs) produced seeds which contained 21-33% more oil and 24-30% more protein per seed than those of the wild type (WT). The increased oil content was probably because of the enhanced FA and TAG synthetic activity. The seed size and weight were both increased accordingly. In addition, the seed number per silique and silique number per plant had no changes in transgenic plants. Taken together, our results demonstrated that seed specific overexpression of AtFAX1 could promote oil accumulation in Arabidopsis seeds and manipulating FA transportation is a feasible strategy for increasing the seed oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuai Tian
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xueyan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guilan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Rengel R, Smith RT, Haslam RP, Sayanova O, Vila M, León R. Overexpression of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) enhances the biosynthesis of neutral lipids and starch in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Bioactivity and biotechnological production of punicic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3537-3549. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Yurchenko O, Shockey JM, Gidda SK, Silver MI, Chapman KD, Mullen RT, Dyer JM. Engineering the production of conjugated fatty acids in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1010-1023. [PMID: 28083898 PMCID: PMC5506653 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of many nondomesticated plant species synthesize oils containing high amounts of a single unusual fatty acid, many of which have potential usage in industry. Despite the identification of enzymes for unusual oxidized fatty acid synthesis, the production of these fatty acids in engineered seeds remains low and is often hampered by their inefficient exclusion from phospholipids. Recent studies have established the feasibility of increasing triacylglycerol content in plant leaves, which provides a novel approach for increasing energy density of biomass crops. Here, we determined whether the fatty acid composition of leaf oil could be engineered to accumulate unusual fatty acids. Eleostearic acid (ESA) is a conjugated fatty acid produced in seeds of the tung tree (Vernicia fordii) and has both industrial and nutritional end-uses. Arabidopsis thaliana lines with elevated leaf oil were first generated by transforming wild-type, cgi-58 or pxa1 mutants (the latter two of which contain mutations disrupting fatty acid breakdown) with the diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1 or DGAT2) and/or oleosin genes from tung. High-leaf-oil plant lines were then transformed with tung FADX, which encodes the fatty acid desaturase/conjugase responsible for ESA synthesis. Analysis of lipids in leaves revealed that ESA was efficiently excluded from phospholipids, and co-expression of tung FADX and DGAT2 promoted a synergistic increase in leaf oil content and ESA accumulation. Taken together, these results provide a new approach for increasing leaf oil content that is coupled with accumulation of unusual fatty acids. Implications for production of biofuels, bioproducts, and plant-pest interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yurchenko
- USDA‐ARSUS Arid‐Land Agricultural Research CenterMaricopaAZUSA
| | - Jay M. Shockey
- USDA‐ARSSouthern Regional Research CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Satinder K. Gidda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Maxwell I. Silver
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTXUSA
| | - Robert T. Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - John M. Dyer
- USDA‐ARSUS Arid‐Land Agricultural Research CenterMaricopaAZUSA
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40
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Ruiz‐Lopez N, Broughton R, Usher S, Salas JJ, Haslam RP, Napier JA, Beaudoin F. Tailoring the composition of novel wax esters in the seeds of transgenic Camelina sativa through systematic metabolic engineering. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:837-849. [PMID: 27990737 PMCID: PMC5466440 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The functional characterization of wax biosynthetic enzymes in transgenic plants has opened the possibility of producing tailored wax esters (WEs) in the seeds of a suitable host crop. In this study, in addition to systematically evaluating a panel of WE biosynthetic activities, we have also modulated the acyl-CoA substrate pool, through the co-expression of acyl-ACP thioesterases, to direct the accumulation of medium-chain fatty acids. Using this combinatorial approach, we determined the additive contribution of both the varied acyl-CoA pool and biosynthetic enzyme substrate specificity to the accumulation of non-native WEs in the seeds of transgenic Camelina plants. A total of fourteen constructs were prepared containing selected FAR and WS genes in combination with an acyl-ACP thioesterase. All enzyme combinations led to the successful production of wax esters, of differing compositions. The impact of acyl-CoA thioesterase expression on wax ester accumulation varied depending on the substrate specificity of the WS. Hence, co-expression of acyl-ACP thioesterases with Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus WS and Marinobacter aquaeolei FAR resulted in the production of WEs with reduced chain lengths, whereas the co-expression of the same acyl-ACP thioesterases in combination with Mus musculus WS and M. aquaeolei FAR had little impact on the overall final wax composition. This was despite substantial remodelling of the acyl-CoA pool, suggesting that these substrates were not efficiently incorporated into WEs. These results indicate that modification of the substrate pool requires careful selection of the WS and FAR activities for the successful high accumulation of these novel wax ester species in Camelina seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Ruiz‐Lopez
- IHSM‐UMA‐CSICUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | - Richard Broughton
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | - Sarah Usher
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | | | - Richard P. Haslam
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | | | - Frédéric Beaudoin
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
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41
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Song Z, Mietkiewska E, Weselake RJ. The linin promoter is highly effective in enhancing punicic acid production in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:447-457. [PMID: 27999978 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced levels of punicic acid were produced in the seed oil of Arabidopsis over-expressing pomegranate FATTY ACID CONJUGASE driven by heterologous promoters, among which the linin promoter was the most efficient. Fatty acids with conjugated double bonds play a special role in determining both the nutritional and industrial uses of plant oils. Punicic acid (18:3Δ9cis,11trans,13cis ), a conjugated fatty acid naturally enriched in the pomegranate (Punica granatum) seeds, has gained increasing attention from the biotechnology community toward its production in metabolically engineered oilseed crops because of its significant health benefits. The present study focused on selecting the best heterologous promoter to drive the expression of the P. granatum FATTY ACID CONJUGASE (PgFADX) cDNA as a means of producing punicic acid in Arabidopsis seed oil. Among the four promoters of genes encoding seed storage proteins from different crop species, the linin promoter led to the highest accumulation of punicic acid (13.2% of total fatty acids in the best homozygous line). Analysis of the relative expression level of PgFADX in developing seeds further confirmed that the linin promoter was most efficient in Arabidopsis. In addition, a conserved profile of cis-regulatory elements were identified in four heterologous promoters by bioinformatic analysis, and their possible roles in regulating gene expression during plant development were also discussed based on the results of this study in combination with the literature. This study contributes to metabolic engineering strategies aimed at enhancing the production of bioactive fatty acids in oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Song
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Elzbieta Mietkiewska
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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42
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Shockey J, Dowd M, Mack B, Gilbert M, Scheffler B, Ballard L, Frelichowski J, Mason C. Naturally occurring high oleic acid cottonseed oil: identification and functional analysis of a mutant allele of Gossypium barbadense fatty acid desaturase-2. PLANTA 2017; 245:611-622. [PMID: 27988886 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Some naturally occurring cotton accessions contain commercially attractive seed oil fatty acid profiles. The likely causal factor for a high-oleate trait in pima cotton ( Gossypium barbadense ) accession GB-713 is described here. Vegetable oils are broadly used in the manufacture of many human and animal nutritional products, and in various industrial applications. Along with other well-known edible plant oils from soybean, corn, and canola, cottonseed oil is a valuable commodity. Cottonseed oil is a co-product derived from the processing of cottonseed fiber. In the past, it was used extensively in a variety of food applications. However, cottonseed oil has lost market share in recent years due to less than optimal ratios of the constituent fatty acids found in either traditional or partially hydrogenated oil. Increased awareness of the negative health consequences of dietary trans-fats, along with the public wariness associated with genetically modified organisms has created high demand for naturally occurring oil with high monounsaturate/polyunsaturate ratios. Here, we report the discovery of multiple exotic accessions of pima cotton that contain elevated seed oil oleate content. The genome of one such accession was sequenced, and a mutant candidate fatty acid desaturase-2 (FAD2-1D) gene was identified. The mutant protein produced significantly less linoleic acid in infiltrated Arabidopsis leaf assays, compared to a repaired version of the same enzyme. Identification of this gene provides a valuable resource. Development of markers associated with this mutant locus will be very useful in efforts to breed the high-oleate trait into agronomic fiber accessions of upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Shockey
- Commodity Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Michael Dowd
- Commodity Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brian Mack
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew Gilbert
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brian Scheffler
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Linda Ballard
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - James Frelichowski
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Mason
- Commodity Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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43
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Miklaszewska M, Banaś A, Królicka A. Metabolic engineering of fatty alcohol production in transgenic hairy roots of Crambe abyssinica. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1275-1282. [PMID: 27943249 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnological production of fatty alcohols, important raw materials in the chemical industry, has been receiving considerable attention in recent years. Fatty alcohols are formed by the reduction of fatty acyl-CoAs or fatty acyl-ACPs catalyzed by a fatty acyl reductase (FAR). In this study, we introduced genes encoding FARs from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtFAR5) and Simmondsia chinensis (ScFAR) into Crambe abyssinica hairy roots via Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. The efficiency of the transformation ranged between 30 and 45%. The fatty alcohols were only detected in the transgenic hairy root lines expressing ScFAR gene. In all tested lines stearyl alcohol (18:0-OH), arachidyl alcohol (20:0-OH), and behenyl alcohol (22:0-OH) were produced. The content of 18:0-OH varied from 1 to 3% of total fatty acids and fatty alcohols, while the amount of either 20:0-OH and 22:0-OH did not exceed 2%. The transgenic hairy root lines produced from 0.98 to 2.59 nmol of fatty alcohols per mg of dry weight. Very low activity of ScFAR was detected in the microsomal fractions isolated from the selected hairy root lines. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the fatty alcohol production in the hairy root cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1275-1282. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Miklaszewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Abrahama, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Królicka
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Abrahama, Gdańsk, Poland
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44
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Lee EJ, Oh M, Hwang JU, Li-Beisson Y, Nishida I, Lee Y. Seed-Specific Overexpression of the Pyruvate Transporter BASS2 Increases Oil Content in Arabidopsis Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:194. [PMID: 28265278 PMCID: PMC5316546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Seed oil is important not only for human and animal nutrition, but also for various industrial applications. Numerous genetic engineering strategies have been attempted to increase the oil content per seed, but few of these strategies have involved manipulating the transporters. Pyruvate is a major source of carbon for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plastids, and the embryo's demand for pyruvate is reported to increase during active oil accumulation. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that oil biosynthesis could be boosted by increasing pyruvate flux into plastids. We expressed the known plastid-localized pyruvate transporter BILE ACID:SODIUM SYMPORTER FAMILY PROTEIN 2 (BASS2) under the control of a seed-specific soybean (Glycine max) glycinin-1 promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana. The resultant transgenic Arabidopsis plants (OEs), which expressed high levels of BASS2, produced seeds that were larger and heavier and contained 10-37% more oil than those of the wild type (WT), but were comparable to the WT seeds in terms of protein and carbohydrate contents. The total seed number did not differ significantly between the WT and OEs. Therefore, oil yield per plant was increased by 24-43% in the OE lines compared to WT. Taken together, our results demonstrate that seed-specific overexpression of the pyruvate transporter BASS2 promotes oil production in Arabidopsis seeds. Thus, manipulating the level of specific transporters is a feasible approach for increasing the seed oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Oh
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ung Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Department of Plant Biology and Environmental Microbiology, CEA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Aix-Marseille University, CEA CadaracheMarseille, France
| | - Ikuo Nishida
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama UniversitySaitama, Japan
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Youngsook Lee
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45
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Popov P, Mann EK, Jákli A. Thermotropic liquid crystal films for biosensors and beyond. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5061-5078. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent results on structural properties and possible bio-sensing applications of planar liquid crystal films are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Popov
- Department of Physics
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
- Liquid Crystal Institute
| | | | - Antal Jákli
- Liquid Crystal Institute
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
- Complex Fluid Group
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46
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The potential of nuclear magnetic resonance to track lipids in planta. Biochimie 2016; 130:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Canola engineered with a microalgal polyketide synthase-like system produces oil enriched in docosahexaenoic acid. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 34:881-7. [PMID: 27398790 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dietary omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) are usually derived from marine fish. Although production of both EPA and DHA has been engineered into land plants, including Arabidopsis, Camelina sativa and Brassica juncea, neither has been produced in commercially relevant amounts in a widely grown crop. We report expression of a microalgal polyketide synthase-like PUFA synthase system, comprising three multidomain polypeptides and an accessory enzyme, in canola (Brassica napus) seeds. This transgenic enzyme system is expressed in the cytoplasm, and synthesizes DHA and EPA de novo from malonyl-CoA without substantially altering plastidial fatty acid production. Furthermore, there is no significant impact of DHA and EPA production on seed yield in either the greenhouse or the field. Canola oil processed from field-grown grain contains 3.7% DHA and 0.7% EPA, and can provide more than 600 mg of omega-3 LC-PUFAs in a 14 g serving.
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48
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Shih PM, Liang Y, Loqué D. Biotechnology and synthetic biology approaches for metabolic engineering of bioenergy crops. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:103-17. [PMID: 27030440 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Green Revolution has fuelled an exponential growth in human population since the mid-20th century. Due to population growth, food and energy demands will soon surpass supply capabilities. To overcome these impending problems, significant improvements in genetic engineering will be needed to complement breeding efforts in order to accelerate the improvement of agronomical traits. The new field of plant synthetic biology has emerged in recent years and is expected to support rapid, precise, and robust engineering of plants. In this review, we present recent advances made in the field of plant synthetic biology, specifically in genome editing, transgene expression regulation, and bioenergy crop engineering, with a focus on traits related to lignocellulose, oil, and soluble sugars. Ultimately, progress and innovation in these fields may facilitate the development of beneficial traits in crop plants to meet society's bioenergy needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Shih
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emery Station East, 5885 Hollis St, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yan Liang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emery Station East, 5885 Hollis St, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dominique Loqué
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emery Station East, 5885 Hollis St, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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49
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Horn PJ, Liu J, Cocuron JC, McGlew K, Thrower NA, Larson M, Lu C, Alonso AP, Ohlrogge J. Identification of multiple lipid genes with modifications in expression and sequence associated with the evolution of hydroxy fatty acid accumulation in Physaria fendleri. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:322-348. [PMID: 26991237 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two Brassicaceae species, Physaria fendleri and Camelina sativa, are genetically very closely related to each other and to Arabidopsis thaliana. Physaria fendleri seeds contain over 50% hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), while Camelina sativa and Arabidopsis do not accumulate HFAs. To better understand how plants evolved new biochemical pathways with the capacity to accumulate high levels of unusual fatty acids, transcript expression and protein sequences of developing seeds of Physaria fendleri, wild-type Camelina sativa, and Camelina sativa expressing a castor bean (Ricinus communis) hydroxylase were analyzed. A number of potential evolutionary adaptations within lipid metabolism that probably enhance HFA production and accumulation in Physaria fendleri, and, in their absence, limit accumulation in transgenic tissues were revealed. These adaptations occurred in at least 20 genes within several lipid pathways from the onset of fatty acid synthesis and its regulation to the assembly of triacylglycerols. Lipid genes of Physaria fendleri appear to have co-evolved through modulation of transcriptional abundances and alterations within protein sequences. Only a handful of genes showed evidence for sequence adaptation through gene duplication. Collectively, these evolutionary changes probably occurred to minimize deleterious effects of high HFA amounts and/or to enhance accumulation for physiological advantage. These results shed light on the evolution of pathways for novel fatty acid production in seeds, help explain some of the current limitations to accumulation of HFAs in transgenic plants, and may provide improved strategies for future engineering of their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Horn
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinjie Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Kathleen McGlew
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas A Thrower
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Matt Larson
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Ana P Alonso
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John Ohlrogge
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Xu C, Shanklin J. Triacylglycerol Metabolism, Function, and Accumulation in Plant Vegetative Tissues. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:179-206. [PMID: 26845499 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Oils in the form of triacylglycerols are the most abundant energy-dense storage compounds in eukaryotes, and their metabolism plays a key role in cellular energy balance, lipid homeostasis, growth, and maintenance. Plants accumulate oils primarily in seeds and fruits. Plant oils are used for food and feed and, increasingly, as feedstocks for biodiesel and industrial chemicals. Although plant vegetative tissues do not accumulate significant levels of triacylglycerols, they possess a high capacity for their synthesis, storage, and metabolism. The development of plants that accumulate oil in vegetative tissues presents an opportunity for expanded production of triacylglycerols as a renewable and sustainable bioenergy source. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of triacylglycerol synthesis, turnover, storage, and function in leaves and discuss emerging genetic engineering strategies targeted at enhancing triacylglycerol accumulation in biomass crops. Such plants could potentially be modified to produce oleochemical feedstocks or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Xu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973; ,
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973; ,
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