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Li HL, Xu RR, Guo XL, Liu YJ, You CX, Han Y, An JP. The MdNAC72-MdABI5 module acts as an interface integrating jasmonic acid and gibberellin signals and undergoes ubiquitination-dependent degradation regulated by MdSINA2 in apple. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:997-1016. [PMID: 38849319 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellin (GA) coordinately regulate plant developmental programs and environmental cue responses. However, the fine regulatory network of the cross-interaction between JA and GA remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that MdNAC72 together with MdABI5 positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis through an exquisite MdNAC72-MdABI5-MdbHLH3 transcriptional cascade in apple. MdNAC72 interacts with MdABI5 to promote the transcriptional activation of MdABI5 on its target gene MdbHLH3 and directly activates the transcription of MdABI5. The MdNAC72-MdABI5 module regulates the integration of JA and GA signals in anthocyanin biosynthesis by combining with JA repressor MdJAZ2 and GA repressor MdRGL2a. MdJAZ2 disrupts the MdNAC72-MdABI5 interaction and attenuates the transcriptional activation of MdABI5 by MdNAC72. MdRGL2a sequesters MdJAZ2 from the MdJAZ2-MdNAC72 protein complex, leading to the release of MdNAC72. The E3 ubiquitin ligase MdSINA2 is responsive to JA and GA signals and promotes ubiquitination-dependent degradation of MdNAC72. The MdNAC72-MdABI5 interface fine-regulates the integration of JA and GA signals at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels by combining MdJAZ2, MdRGL2a, and MdSINA2. In summary, our findings elucidate the fine regulatory network connecting JA and GA signals with MdNAC72-MdABI5 as the core in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Rui Xu
- College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Long Guo
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, He-Fei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Liu Y, Wang C, Chen H, Dai G, Cuimu Q, Shen W, Gao L, Zhu B, Gao C, Chen L, Chen D, Zhang X, Tan C. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple radish (Raphanus sativus L.). BMC Genomics 2024; 25:624. [PMID: 38902601 PMCID: PMC11188213 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Radish exhibits significant variation in color, particularly in sprouts, leaves, petals, fleshy roots, and other tissues, displaying a range of hues such as green, white, red, purple, and black. Although extensive research has been conducted on the color variation of radish, the underlying mechanism behind the variation in radish flower color remains unclear. To date, there is a lack of comprehensive research investigating the variation mechanism of radish sprouts, leaves, fleshy roots, and flower organs. This study aims to address this gap by utilizing transcriptome sequencing to acquire transcriptome data for white and purple radish flowers. Additionally, the published transcriptome data of sprouts, leaves, and fleshy roots were incorporated to conduct a systematic analysis of the regulatory mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in these four radish tissues. The comparative transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes DFR, UGT78D2, TT12 and CPC in the four radish tissues. Additionally, the WGCNA results identified RsDFR.9c and RsUGT78D2.2c as hub genes responsible for regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. By integrating the findings from the comparative transcriptome analysis, WGCNA, and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway-related gene expression patterns, it is hypothesized that genes RsDFR.9c and RsUGT78D2.2c may serve as pivotal regulators of anthocyanins in the four radish tissues. Furthermore, the tissue-specific expression of the four copies of RsPAP1 is deemed crucial in governing anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation in different tissues of radish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haidong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiushi Cuimu
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Liwei Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Changbin Gao
- Wuhan Vegetable Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agriculture Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lunlin Chen
- Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology, Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Daozong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Wuhan Vegetable Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agriculture Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chen Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China.
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Wang N, Liu W, Mei Z, Zhang S, Zou Q, Yu L, Jiang S, Fang H, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Wu S, Cheng L, Chen X. A Functional InDel in the WRKY10 Promoter Controls the Degree of Flesh Red Pigmentation in Apple. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400998. [PMID: 38874015 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors have been linked to anthocyanin synthesis and various color phenotypes in plants. In apple, MYB10 confers a red-flesh phenotype due to a minisatellite insertion in its R6 promoter, but R6:MYB10 genotypes exhibit various degrees of red pigmentation in the flesh, suggesting the involvement of other genetic factors. Here, it is shown that MdWRKY10, a transcription factor identified via DNA pull-down trapping, binds to the promoter of MdMYB10 and activates its transcription. MdWRKY10 specifically interacts with the WDR protein MdTTG1 to join the apple MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) complex, which significantly enhances its transcriptional activation activity. A 163-bp InDel detected in the promoter region of the alleles of MdWRKY10 in a hybrid population of identical heterozygous genotypes regarding R6 by structural variation analysis, contains a typical W-box element that MdWRKY10 binds to for transactivation. This leads to increased transcript levels of MdWRKY10 and MdMYB10 and enhanced anthocyanin synthesis in the flesh, largely accounting for the various degrees of flesh red pigmentation in the R6 background. These findings reveal a novel regulatory role of the WRKY-containing protein complex in the formation of red flesh apple phenotypes and provide broader insights into the molecular mechanism governing anthocyanin synthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Zhuoxin Mei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Shujing Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xuesen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
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Zhang S, Yuan G, Peng Z, Li X, Huang Y, Yin C, Cui L, Xiao G, Jiao Z, Wang L, Deng X, Qiu Z, Yan C. Chemical composition analysis and transcriptomics reveal the R2R3-MYB genes and phenol oxidases regulating the melanin formation in black radish. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132627. [PMID: 38797290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Melanins are dark-brown to black-colored biomacromolecules which have been thoroughly studied in animals and microorganisms. However, the biochemical and molecular basis of plant melanins are poorly understood. We first characterized melanin from the black radish (Raphanus sativus var. niger) 'HLB' through spectroscopic techniques. p-Coumaric acid was identified as the main precursor of radish melanin. Moreover, a joint analysis of transcriptome and coexpression network was performed for the two radish accessions with black and white cortexes, 'HLB' and '55'. A set of R2R3-type RsMYBs and enzyme-coding genes exhibited a coexpression pattern, and were strongly correlated with melanin formation in radish. Transient overexpression of two phenol oxidases RsLAC7 (laccase 7) or RsPOD22-1 (peroxidase 22-1) resulted in a deeper brown color around the infiltration sites and a significant increase in the total phenol content. Furthermore, co-injection of the transcriptional activator RsMYB48/RsMYB97 with RsLAC7 and/or RsPOD22-1, markedly increased the yield of black extracts. Spectroscopic analyses revealed that these extracts are similar to the melanin found in 'HLB'. Our findings advance the understanding of structural information and the transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying melanin formation in radish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Guoli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Zhaoxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Xiaoyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Chaomin Yin
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Lei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Guilin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Zhenbiao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Zhengming Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Chenghuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
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Zai X, Cordovez V, Zhu F, Zhao M, Diao X, Zhang F, Raaijmakers JM, Song C. C4 cereal and biofuel crop microbiomes. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00093-3. [PMID: 38772810 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Microbiomes provide multiple life-support functions for plants, including nutrient acquisition and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Considering the importance of C4 cereal and biofuel crops for food security under climate change conditions, more attention has been given recently to C4 plant microbiome assembly and functions. Here, we review the current status of C4 cereal and biofuel crop microbiome research with a focus on beneficial microbial traits for crop growth and health. We highlight the importance of environmental factors and plant genetics in C4 crop microbiome assembly and pinpoint current knowledge gaps. Finally, we discuss the potential of foxtail millet as a C4 model species and outline future perspectives of C4 plant microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zai
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China; National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development, 057250 Quzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Viviane Cordovez
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 050021 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meicheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 050021 Shijiazhuang, China; Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China; National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development, 057250 Quzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chunxu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China; National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development, 057250 Quzhou, Hebei, China.
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Bouillon P, Fanciullino AL, Belin E, Bréard D, Boisard S, Bonnet B, Hanteville S, Bernard F, Celton JM. Image analysis and polyphenol profiling unveil red-flesh apple phenotype complexity. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:71. [PMID: 38755652 PMCID: PMC11100172 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic basis of colour development in red-flesh apples (Malus domestica Borkh) has been widely characterised; however, current models do not explain the observed variations in red pigmentation intensity and distribution. Available methods to evaluate the red-flesh trait rely on the estimation of an average overall colour using a discrete class notation index. However, colour variations among red-flesh cultivars are continuous while development of red colour is non-homogeneous and genotype-dependent. A robust estimation of red-flesh colour intensity and distribution is essential to fully capture the diversity among genotypes and provide a basis to enable identification of loci influencing the red-flesh trait. RESULTS In this study, we developed a multivariable approach to evaluate the red-flesh trait in apple. This method was implemented to study the phenotypic diversity in a segregating hybrid F1 family (91 genotypes). We developed a Python pipeline based on image and colour analysis to quantitatively dissect the red-flesh pigmentation from RGB (Red Green Blue) images and compared the efficiency of RGB and CIEL*a*b* colour spaces in discriminating genotypes previously classified with a visual notation. Chemical destructive methods, including targeted-metabolite analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UPLC-UV), were performed to quantify major phenolic compounds in fruits' flesh, as well as pH and water contents. Multivariate analyses were performed to study covariations of biochemical factors in relation to colour expression in CIEL*a*b* colour space. Our results indicate that anthocyanin, flavonol and flavanol concentrations, as well as pH, are closely related to flesh pigmentation in apple. CONCLUSTION Extraction of colour descriptors combined to chemical analyses helped in discriminating genotypes in relation to their flesh colour. These results suggest that the red-flesh trait in apple is a complex trait associated with several biochemical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bouillon
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
- IFO, 49140, Seiches sur le Loir, France
| | | | - Etienne Belin
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
| | - Dimitri Bréard
- SONAS, SFR QUASAVUniv Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, Univ Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Séverine Boisard
- SONAS, SFR QUASAVUniv Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, Univ Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Béatrice Bonnet
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
| | - Sylvain Hanteville
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Celton
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France.
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7
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Chen S, Wang X, Cheng Y, Gao H, Chen X. Effects of Supplemental Lighting on Flavonoid and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Strawberry Flesh Revealed via Metabolome and Transcriptome Co-Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1070. [PMID: 38674479 PMCID: PMC11055167 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The spectral composition of light influences the biosynthesis of flavonoids in many plants. However, the detailed composition of flavonoids and anthocyanins and the molecular basis for their biosynthesis in strawberry fruits under two light-quality treatments, red light supplemented with blue light (RB) and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, remain unclear. In this study, the content of flavonoids and anthocyanins was significantly increased in strawberry fruits under RB light and UVB, respectively. The content of flavonoids and anthocyanins in strawberry fruits under UVB light was dramatically higher than that in strawberry fruits irradiated with RB light, and a total of 518 metabolites were detected by means of LC-MS/MS analysis. Among them, 18 phenolic acids, 23 flavonoids, and 8 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated in the strawberry fruits irradiated with red/blue (RB) light compared to 30 phenolic acids, 46 flavonoids, and 9 anthocyanins in fruits irradiated with UVB. The major genes associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins, including structural genes and transcription factors (TFs), were differentially expressed in the strawberry fruits under RB and UVB irradiation, as determined through RNA-seq data analysis. A correlation test of transcriptome and metabolite profiling showed that the expression patterns of most genes in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids and anthocyanins were closely correlated with the differential accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins. Two TFs, bZIP (FvH4_2g36400) and AP2 (FvH4_1g21210), induced by RB and UVB irradiation, respectively, exhibited similar expression patterns to most structural genes, which were closely correlated with six and eight flavonoids, respectively. These results indicated that these two TFs regulated the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins in strawberry fruit under RB light and UVB, respectively. These results provide a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins and the molecular basis for their biosynthesis in strawberry fruits under RB light and UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hongsheng Gao
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.C.); (Y.C.)
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8
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Ma R, Huang W, Hu Q, Tian G, An J, Fang T, Liu J, Hou J, Zhao M, Sun L. Tandemly duplicated MYB genes are functionally diverged in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2549-2563. [PMID: 38235827 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Gene duplications have long been recognized as a driving force in the evolution of genes, giving rise to novel functions. The soybean (Glycine max) genome is characterized by a large number of duplicated genes. However, the extent and mechanisms of functional divergence among these duplicated genes in soybean remain poorly understood. In this study, we revealed that 4 MYB genes (GmMYBA5, GmMYBA2, GmMYBA1, and Glyma.09g235000)-presumably generated by tandem duplication specifically in the Phaseoleae lineage-exhibited a stronger purifying selection in soybean compared to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). To gain insights into the diverse functions of these tandemly duplicated MYB genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis, we examined the expression, transcriptional activity, induced metabolites, and evolutionary history of these 4 MYB genes. Our data revealed that Glyma.09g235000 is a pseudogene, while the remaining 3 MYB genes exhibit strong transcriptional activation activity, promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis in different soybean tissues. GmMYBA5, GmMYBA2, and GmMYBA1 induced anthocyanin accumulation by upregulating the expression of anthocyanin pathway-related genes. Notably, GmMYBA5 showed a lower capacity for gene induction compared to GmMYBA2 and GmMYBA1. Metabolomics analysis further demonstrated that GmMYBA5 induced distinct anthocyanin accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and soybean hairy roots compared to GmMYBA2 and GmMYBA1, suggesting their functional divergence leading to the accumulation of different metabolites accumulation following gene duplication. Together, our data provide evidence of functional divergence within the MYB gene cluster following tandem duplication, which sheds light on the potential evolutionary directions of gene duplications during legume evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Quan Hu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guo Tian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie An
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meixia Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lianjun Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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9
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Gu C, Pei MS, Guo ZH, Wu L, Qi KJ, Wang XP, Liu H, Liu Z, Lang Z, Zhang S. Multi-omics provide insights into the regulation of DNA methylation in pear fruit metabolism. Genome Biol 2024; 25:70. [PMID: 38486226 PMCID: PMC10938805 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has been conducted on fruit development in crops, but the metabolic regulatory networks underlying perennial fruit trees remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the metabolome, proteome, transcriptome, DNA methylome, and small RNAome profiles of pear fruit flesh at 11 developing stages, spanning from fruitlet to ripening. Here, we systematically investigate the metabolic landscape and regulatory network involved. RESULTS We generate an association database consisting of 439 metabolites and 14,399 genes to elucidate the gene regulatory network of pear flesh metabolism. Interestingly, we detect increased DNA methylation in the promoters of most genes within the database during pear flesh development. Application of a DNA methylation inhibitor to the developing fruit represses chlorophyll degradation in the pericarp and promotes xanthophyll, β-carotene, and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in the flesh. We find the gradual increase in ABA production during pear flesh development is correlated with the expression of several carotenoid pathway genes and multiple transcription factors. Of these transcription factors, the zinc finger protein PbZFP1 is identified as a positive mediator of ABA biosynthesis in pear flesh. Most ABA pathway genes and transcription factors are modified by DNA methylation in the promoters, although some are induced by the DNA methylation inhibitor. These results suggest that DNA methylation inhibits ABA accumulation, which may delay fruit ripening. CONCLUSION Our findings provide insights into epigenetic regulation of metabolic regulatory networks during pear flesh development, particularly with regard to DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mao-Song Pei
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai-Jie Qi
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xue-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhaobo Lang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zhou H, He J, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Sun X, Chen X, Liu X, Zheng Y, Lin H. RHA2b-mediated MYB30 degradation facilitates MYB75-regulated, sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seedlings. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100744. [PMID: 37946410 PMCID: PMC10943538 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins play diverse roles in plant physiology and stress adaptation. In Arabidopsis, the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex has a crucial role in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis. Here, we report that the R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB30 and the ubiquitin E3 ligase RHA2b participate in anthocyanin biosynthesis through regulation of the MBW complex. MYB30 was found to negatively regulate sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seedlings. Expression of multiple genes involved in flavonoid or anthocyanin biosynthesis was affected in the myb30 mutant, and MYB30 directly repressed the expression of MYB75, which encodes a core component of the MBW complex, by binding to its promoter. Moreover, MYB30 physically interacted with MYB75 to inhibit its activity by repressing MBW complex assembly. In addition, sucrose treatment significantly promoted MYB30 degradation via the action of RHA2b. The ubiquitination and degradation of MYB30 were significantly attenuated in the rha2b mutant under high-sucrose treatment, and further analysis showed that MYB75 directly promoted RHA2b expression in response to high sucrose. Our work thus reveals an anthocyanin biosynthetic regulatory module, RHA2b-MYB30, that controls the function of the MBW complex via MYB75. The repression of MYB75 by MYB30 is released by MYB75-induced RHA2b expression, thus ensuring the self-activation of MYB75 when anthocyanin synthesis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Jiaxian He
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xinrui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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11
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Jiang L, Lyu S, Yu H, Zhang J, Sun B, Liu Q, Mao X, Chen P, Pan D, Chen W, Fan Z, Li C. Transcription factor encoding gene OsC1 regulates leaf sheath color through anthocyanidin metabolism in Oryza rufipogon and Oryza sativa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:147. [PMID: 38418937 PMCID: PMC10900563 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals and vitamins are nutrient substances commonly seen in rice grains, but anthocyanidin, with benefit for plant growth and animal health, exists mainly in the common wild rice but hardly in the cultivated rice. To screen the rice germplasm with high intensity of anthocyanidins and identify the variations, we used metabolomics technique and detected significant different accumulation of anthocyanidins in common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon, with purple leaf sheath) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa, with green leaf sheath). In this study, we identified and characterized a well-known MYB transcription factor, OsC1, through phenotypic (leaf sheath color) and metabolic (metabolite profiling) genome-wide association studies (pGWAS and mGWAS) in 160 common wild rice (O. rufipogon) and 151 cultivated (O. sativa) rice varieties. Transgenic experiments demonstrated that biosynthesis and accumulation of cyanidin-3-Galc, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin O-syringic acid, as well as purple pigmentation in leaf sheath were regulated by OsC1. A total of 25 sequence variations of OsC1 constructed 16 functional haplotypes (higher accumulation of the three anthocyanidin types within purple leaf sheath) and 9 non-functional haplotypes (less accumulation of anthocyanidins within green leaf sheath). Three haplotypes of OsC1 were newly identified in our germplasm, which have potential values in functional genomics and molecular breeding of rice. Gene-to-metabolite analysis by mGWAS and pGWAS provides a useful and efficient tool for functional gene identification and omics-based crop genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Jiang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwei Lyu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingrui Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxue Mao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingli Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dajian Pan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilan Fan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Bai Y, Ma J, Ma Y, Chang Y, Zhang W, Deng Y, Zhang N, Zhang X, Fan K, Hu X, Wang S, Jiang Z, Hu T. Color components determination and full-length comparative transcriptomic analyses reveal the potential mechanism of carotenoid synthesis during Paphiopedilum armeniacum flowering. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16914. [PMID: 38406281 PMCID: PMC10894592 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Paphiopedilum armeniacum (P. armeniacum), an ornamental plant native to China, is known for its distinctive yellow blossoms. However, the mechanisms underlying P. armeniacum flower coloration remain unclear. Methods We selected P. armeniacum samples from different flowering stages and conducted rigorous physicochemical analyses. The specimens were differentiated based on their chemical properties, specifically their solubilities in polar solvents. This key step enabled us to identify the main metabolite of flower color development of P. armeniacum, and to complete the identification by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based on the results. Additionally, we employed a combined approach, integrating both third-generation full-length transcriptome sequencing and second-generation high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, to comprehensively explore the molecular components involved. Results We combined physical and chemical analysis with transcriptome sequencing to reveal that carotenoid is the main pigment of P. armeniacum flower color. Extraction colorimetric method and HPLC were used to explore the characteristics of carotenoid accumulation during flowering. We identified 28 differentially expressed carotenoid biosynthesis genes throughout the flowering process, validated their expression through fluorescence quantification, and discovered 19 potential positive regulators involved in carotenoid synthesis. Among these candidates, three RCP2 genes showed a strong potential for governing the PDS and ZDS gene families. In summary, our study elucidates the fundamental mechanisms governing carotenoid synthesis during P. armeniacum flowering, enhancing our understanding of this process and providing a foundation for future research on the molecular mechanisms driving P. armeniacum flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Bai
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiping Ma
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- China Forestry Publishing House, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Ma
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Pingxiang Bamboo Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Pingxiang, China
| | - Yanting Chang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Pingxiang Bamboo Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Pingxiang, China
| | - Yayun Deng
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Fan
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Wang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Jiang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Hu
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Pingxiang Bamboo Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Pingxiang, China
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Schilbert HM, Busche M, Sáez V, Angeli A, Weisshaar B, Martens S, Stracke R. Generation and characterisation of an Arabidopsis thaliana f3h/fls1/ans triple mutant that accumulates eriodictyol derivatives. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:99. [PMID: 38331743 PMCID: PMC10854054 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are plant specialised metabolites, which derive from phenylalanine and acetate metabolism. They possess a variety of beneficial characteristics for plants and humans. Several modification steps in the synthesis of tricyclic flavonoids cause for the amazing diversity of flavonoids in plants. The 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODDs) flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H, synonym FHT), flavonol synthase (FLS) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS, synonym leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX)), catalyse oxidative modifications to the central C ring. They are highly similar and have been shown to catalyse, at least in part, each other's reactions. FLS and ANS have been identified as bifunctional enzymes in many species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, stressing the capability of plants to bypass missing or mutated reaction steps on the way to flavonoid production. However, little is known about such bypass reactions and the flavonoid composition of plants lacking all three central flavonoid 2-ODDs. RESULTS To address this issue, we generated a f3h/fls1/ans mutant, as well as the corresponding double mutants and investigated the flavonoid composition of this mutant collection. The f3h/fls1/ans mutant was further characterised at the genomic level by analysis of a nanopore DNA sequencing generated genome sequence assembly and at the transcriptomic level by RNA-Seq analysis. The mutant collection established, including the novel double mutants f3h/fls1 and f3h/ans, was used to validate and analyse the multifunctionalities of F3H, FLS1, and ANS in planta. Metabolite analyses revealed the accumulation of eriodictyol and additional glycosylated derivatives in mutants carrying the f3h mutant allele, resulting from the conversion of naringenin to eriodictyol by flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) activity. CONCLUSIONS We describe the in planta multifunctionality of the three central flavonoid 2-ODDs from A. thaliana and identify a bypass in the f3h/fls1/ans triple mutant that leads to the formation of eriodictyol derivatives. As (homo-)eriodictyols are known as bitter taste maskers, the annotated eriodictyol (derivatives) and in particular the observations made on their in planta production, could provide valuable insights for the creation of novel food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Marie Schilbert
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mareike Busche
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Vania Sáez
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Bernd Weisshaar
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Ralf Stracke
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Yeom WW, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Jeong Jeong Y, Choi HK, Jung HW, Heo JB, Kim CY, Chung YS. Overexpression of R2R3-MYB IbMYB1a induces anthocyanin pigmentation in soybean cotyledon. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:56. [PMID: 38319432 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This is the first report showing anthocyanin accumulation in the soybean cotyledon via genetic transformation of a single gene. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] contains valuable components, including anthocyanins. To enhance anthocyanin production in Korean soybean Kwangankong, we utilized the R2R3-type MYB gene (IbMYB1a), known for inducing anthocyanin pigmentation in Arabidopsis. This gene was incorporated into constructs using two promoters: the CaMV 35S promoter (P35S) and the β-conglycinin promoter (Pβ-con). Kwangankong was transformed using Agrobacterium, and the presence of IbMYB1a and Bar transgenes in T0 plants was confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by gene expression validation. Visual inspection revealed that one P35S:IbMYB1a and three Pβ-con:IbMYB1a lines displayed seed color change. Pβ-con:IbMYB1a T1 seeds accumulated anthocyanins in cotyledon outer layers, whereas P35S:IbMYB1a and non-transgenic black soybean (Cheongja 5 and Seum) accumulated anthocyanins in the seed coat. During the germination and growth phase, T1 seedlings from Pβ-con:IbMYB1a lines exhibited anthocyanin pigmentation in cotyledons for up to 1 month without growth aberrations. High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as the major anthocyanin in the Pβ-con:IbMYB1a line (#3). We analyzed the expression patterns of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, chalcone synthase 7,8, chalcone isomerase 1A, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavanone 3'-hydroxylase, dihydroflavanol reductase 1, dihydroflavanol reductase 2, anthocyanidin synthase 2, anthocyanidin synthase 3, and UDP glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase in transgenic and control Kwangankong and black soybean (Cheongja 5 and Seum) seeds using quantitative real-time PCR. We conclude that the induction of gene expression in transgenic plants in comparison with Kwangankong was attributable to IbMYB1a transformation. Notably, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavanone 3'-hydroxylase, and dihydroflavanol reductase 1 were abundantly expressed in black soybean seed coat, distinguishing them from transgenic cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Woo Yeom
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resources Industry, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Choi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Ho Won Jung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Jae Bok Heo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Korea.
| | - Young-Soo Chung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of National Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea.
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An JP, Xu RR, Wang XN, Zhang XW, You CX, Han Y. MdbHLH162 connects the gibberellin and jasmonic acid signals to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:265-284. [PMID: 38284786 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites induced by environmental stimuli and developmental signals. The positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been reported, whereas the anthocyanin repressors have been neglected. Although the signal transduction pathways of gibberellin (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and their regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been investigated, the cross-talk between GA and JA and the antagonistic mechanism of regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis remain to be investigated. In this study, we identified the anthocyanin repressor MdbHLH162 in apple and revealed its molecular mechanism of regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis by integrating the GA and JA signals. MdbHLH162 exerted passive repression by interacting with MdbHLH3 and MdbHLH33, which are two recognized positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdbHLH162 negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis by disrupting the formation of the anthocyanin-activated MdMYB1-MdbHLH3/33 complexes and weakening transcriptional activation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes MdDFR and MdUF3GT by MdbHLH3 and MdbHLH33. The GA repressor MdRGL2a antagonized MdbHLH162-mediated inhibition of anthocyanins by sequestering MdbHLH162 from the MdbHLH162-MdbHLH3/33 complex. The JA repressors MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 interfered with the antagonistic regulation of MdbHLH162 by MdRGL2a by titrating the formation of the MdRGL2a-MdbHLH162 complex. Our findings reveal that MdbHLH162 integrates the GA and JA signals to negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study provides new information for discovering more anthocyanin biosynthesis repressors and explores the cross-talk between hormone signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rui-Rui Xu
- College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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16
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Chachar Z, Lai R, Ahmed N, Lingling M, Chachar S, Paker NP, Qi Y. Cloned genes and genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize, a comparative review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1310634. [PMID: 38328707 PMCID: PMC10847539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1310634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant-based pigments that are primarily present in berries, grapes, purple yam, purple corn and black rice. The research on fruit corn with a high anthocyanin content is not sufficiently extensive. Considering its crucial role in nutrition and health it is vital to conduct further studies on how anthocyanin accumulates in fruit corn and to explore its potential for edible and medicinal purposes. Anthocyanin biosynthesis plays an important role in maize stems (corn). Several beneficial compounds, particularly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, perlagonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and their malonylated derivatives have been identified. C1, C2, Pl1, Pl2, Sh2, ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 harbored functional alleles that played a role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in maize. The Sh2 gene in maize regulates sugar-to-starch conversion, thereby influencing kernel quality and nutritional content. ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 are key regulatory genes in maize that control light responses and photomorphogenesis. This review concludes the molecular identification of all the genes encoding structural enzymes of the anthocyanin pathway in maize by describing the cloning and characterization of these genes. Our study presents important new understandings of the molecular processes behind the manufacture of anthocyanins in maize, which will contribute to the development of genetically modified variants of the crop with increased color and possible health advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - RuiQiang Lai
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ma Lingling
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - YongWen Qi
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Li S, Yang Y, Yu J, Zhou H, Hou Z, Wang X. Molecular and metabolic insights into purplish leaf coloration through the investigation of two mulberry (Morus alba) genotypes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:61. [PMID: 38253992 PMCID: PMC10804552 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf coloration in plants, attributed to anthocyanin compounds, plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, and also for pharmaceutical and horticultural uses. However, the molecular mechanisms governing leaf coloration and the physiological significance of anthocyanins in leaves remain poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we investigated leaf color variation in two closely related mulberry genotypes, one with purplish-red young leaves (EP) and another with normal leaf color (EW). We integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches to gain insights into the metabolic and genetic basis of purplish-red leaf development in mulberry. Our results revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis, particularly the accumulation of delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, is a key determinant of leaf color. Additionally, the up-regulation of CHS genes and transcription factors, including MYB family members, likely contributes to the increased flavonoid content in purplish-red leaves. CONCLUSION These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the purplish coloration observed in mulberry leaves and also offer supporting evidence for the hypothesis that anthocyanins serve a protective function in plant tissues until the processes of light absorption and carbon fixation reach maturity, thereby ensuring a balanced equilibrium between energy capture and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Chongqing, China.
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18
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Tan H, Li L, Tie M, Lu R, Pan S, Tang Y. Transcriptome analysis of green and purple fruited pepper provides insight into novel regulatory genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16792. [PMID: 38250728 PMCID: PMC10799612 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a valuable horticultural crop with economic significance, and its purple fruit color is attributed to anthocyanin, a phytonutrient known for its health-promoting benefits. However, the mechanisms regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper have yet to be fully elucidated. Methods RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was utilized to analyze the transcriptome of fruits from three purple-fruited varieties (HN191, HN192, and HN005) and one green-fruited variety (EJT) at various developmental stages. To determine the relationships between samples, Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) and principal component analysis (PCA) were calculated. Differential expression analysis was performed using the DESeq2 package to identify genes that were expressed differently between two samples. Transcription factors (TF) were predicted using the iTAK program. Heatmaps of selected genes were generated using Tbtools software. Results The unripe fruits of HN191, HN192, and HN005, at the stages of 10, 20, and 30 days after anthesis (DAA), display a purple color, whereas the unripe fruits of variety EJT remain green. To understand the molecular basis of this color difference, five transcriptome comparisons between green and purple fruits were conducted: HN191-10 vs EJT-10, HN191-20 vs EJT-20, HN191-30 vs EJT-30, HN192-30 vs EJT-30, and HN005-30 vs EJT-30. Through this analysis, 503 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these DEGs, eight structural genes related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and 24 transcription factors (TFs) were detected. Notably, one structural gene (MSTRG.12525) and three TFs (T459_25295, T459_06113, T459_26036) exhibited expression patterns that suggest they may be novel candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. These results provide new insights into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple pepper fruit and suggest potential candidate genes for future genetic improvement of pepper germplasm with enhanced anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Tan
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liping Li
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Manman Tie
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Lushan County, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Ronghai Lu
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaokun Pan
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youwan Tang
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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19
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Zhou X, Lei D, Yao W, Li S, Wang H, Lu J, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, He W, Li M, Chen Q, Luo Y, Wang X, Tang H, Zhang Y. A novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor PbMYB1L of Pyrus bretschneideri regulates cold tolerance and anthocyanin accumulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:34. [PMID: 38200377 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE PbMYB1L enhances the cold tolerance and anthocyanin accumulation of transgenic Arabidopsis by regulating the expression of genes related to the cold-responsive genes pathway and anthocyanin synthesis pathway. MYB transcription factors (TFs) have been demonstrated to play diverse roles in plant growth and development. In the present study, we identified a novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor, PbMYB1L, from the peel of 'Red Zaosu' pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), which was induced by cold stress and acted as a positive regulator in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Notably, the transgenic Arabidopsis lines exhibited enhanced tolerance to cold stress. Compared to the Arabidopsis wild-type plants, the transgenic lines displayed longer primary roots and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels including O2-, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, significant upregulation of key cold-responsive genes AtCBF1, AtCBF2, AtCBF3, AtCBF4, and AtKIN1 was observed in the transgenic plants under cold stress conditions compared to wild type. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PbMYB1L had significant anthocyanin accumulation in leaves after cold treatment with quantitative results indicating higher expression of anthocyanin structural genes compared to wild type. These findings suggest that PbMYB1L not only plays a vital role in conferring cold tolerance but also acts as a crucial regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Diya Lei
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wantian Yao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shangyun Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiayu Lu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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20
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Zeng HT, Zheng T, Tang Q, Xu H, Chen M. Integrative metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal the coloration mechanism in Camellia oleifera petals with different color. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:19. [PMID: 38166635 PMCID: PMC10759395 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camellia olelfera petals are colorful, and have high ornamental value. However, the color formation mechanism of C. olelfera petals with different color is still unclear. In our study, WGCNA method was applied to integrate metabolites and transcriptomes to investigate the coloration mechanism of four C. olelfera cultivars with different petal colors. RESULTS Here, a total of 372 flavonoids were identified (including 27 anthocyanins), and 13 anthocyanins were significantly differentially accumulated in C. olelfera petals. Among them, cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-p-Coumaroyl) glucoside was the main color constituent in pink petals, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl) glucoside were the main contributors to candy pink petals, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside was the important color substance responsible for the red petals of C. oleifera. Furthermore, six structural genes (Co4CL1, CoF3H1, CoF3'H, CoANS, CoUGT75C1-4, and CoUGT75C1-5), three MYBs (CoMYB1, CoMYB4, and CoMYB44-3), three bHLHs (CobHLH30, CobHLH 77, and CobHLH 79-1), and two WRKYs (CoWRKY7 and CoWRKY22) could be identified candidate genes related to anthocyanins biosynthesis and accumulation, and lead to the pink and red phenotypes. The regulatory network of differentially accumulated anthocyanins and the anthocyanins related genes in C. olelfera petals were established. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidate the molecular basis of the coloration mechanisms of pink and red color in C. olelfera petals, and provided valuable target genes for future improvement of petals color in C. olelfera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Zeng
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
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Mleziva AD, Ngumbi EN. Comparative analysis of defensive secondary metabolites in wild teosinte and cultivated maize under flooding and herbivory stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14216. [PMID: 38366721 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is driving an alarming increase in the frequency and intensity of abiotic and biotic stress factors, negatively impacting plant development and agricultural productivity. To survive, plants respond by inducing changes in below and aboveground metabolism with concomitant alterations in defensive secondary metabolites. While plant responses to the isolated stresses of flooding and insect herbivory have been extensively studied, much less is known about their response in combination. Wild relatives of cultivated plants with robust stress tolerance traits provide an excellent system for comparing how diverse plant species respond to combinatorial stress, and provide insight into potential germplasms for stress-tolerant hybrids. In this study, we compared the below and aboveground changes in the secondary metabolites of maize (Zea mays) and a flood-tolerant wild relative Nicaraguan teosinte (Zea nicaraguensis) in response to flooding, insect herbivory, and their combination. Root tissue was analyzed for changes in belowground metabolism. Leaf total phenolic content and headspace volatile organic compound emission were analyzed for changes in aboveground secondary metabolism. Results revealed significant differences in the root metabolome profiles of teosinte and maize. Notably, the accumulation of the flavonoids apigenin, naringenin, and luteolin during flooding and herbivory differentiated teosinte from maize. Aboveground, terpenes, including trans-α-bergamotene and (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, shaped compositional differences in their volatile profiles between flooding, herbivory, and their combination. Taken together, these results suggest teosinte may be more tolerant than maize due to dynamic metabolic changes during flooding and herbivory that help relieve stress and influence plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Mleziva
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Esther N Ngumbi
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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22
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Liu J, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Kong Y, Liu P, Fang Y, Cui M, Pei T, Zhong X, Xu P, Qiu W, Yang D, Martin C, Zhao Q. Production of species-specific anthocyanins through an inducible system in plant hairy roots. Metab Eng 2024; 81:182-196. [PMID: 38103887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are widely distributed pigments in flowering plants with red, purple or blue colours. Their properties in promoting heath make anthocyanins perfect natural colourants for food additives. However, anthocyanins with strong colour and stability at neutral pH, suitable as food colourants are relatively rare in nature. Acylation increases anthocyanin stability and confers bluer colour. In this study, we isolated two anthocyanin regulators SbMyb75 and SbDel from S. baicalensis, and showed that constitutive expression of the two TFs led to accumulation of anthocyanins at high levels in black carrot hairy roots. However, these hairy roots had severe growth problems. We then developed a β-estradiol inducible system using XVE and a Lex-35S promoter, to initiate expression of the anthocyanin regulators and induced this system in hairy roots of black carrot, tobacco and morning glory. Anthocyanins with various decorations were produced in these hairy roots without any accompanying side-effects on growth. We further produced highly acylated anthocyanins with blue colour in a 5 L liquid culture in a bioreactor of hairy roots from morning glory. We provide here a strategy to produce highly decorated anthocyanins without the need for additional engineering of any of the genes encoding decorating enzymes. This strategy could be transferred to other species, with considerable potential for natural colourant production for the food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yuanxiu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingmeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yumin Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Mengying Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Tianlin Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenqing Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200031, China; Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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23
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Murthy HN, Joseph KS, Paek KY, Park SY. Anthocyanin Production from Plant Cell and Organ Cultures In Vitro. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:117. [PMID: 38202425 PMCID: PMC10780419 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in plants. They exist in various colors, including red, purple, and blue, and are utilized as natural colorants in the food and cosmetics industries. The pharmaceutical industry uses anthocyanins as therapeutic compounds because they have several medicinal qualities, including anti-obesity, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Anthocyanins are conventionally procured from colored fruits and vegetables and are utilized in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. However, the composition and concentration of anthocyanins from natural sources vary quantitively and qualitatively; therefore, plant cell and organ cultures have been explored for many decades to understand the production of these valuable compounds. A great deal of research has been carried out on plant cell cultures using varied methods, such as the selection of suitable cell lines, medium optimization, optimization culture conditions, precursor feeding, and elicitation for the production of anthocyanin pigments. In addition, metabolic engineering technologies have been applied for the hyperaccumulation of these compounds in varied plants, including tobacco and arabidopsis. In this review, we describe various strategies applied in plant cell and organ cultures for the production of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
- Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kee Yoeup Paek
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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24
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Parrish SB, Paudel D, Deng Z. Transcriptome analysis of Lantana camara flower petals reveals candidate anthocyanin biosynthesis genes mediating red flower color development. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 14:jkad259. [PMID: 37974306 PMCID: PMC10755171 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Flower color plays a crucial role in the appeal and selection of ornamental plants, directly influencing breeding strategies and the broader horticulture industry. Lantana camara, a widely favored flowering shrub, presents a rich palette of flower colors. Yet, the intricate molecular mechanisms governing this color variation in the species have remained largely unidentified. With the aim of filling this gap, this study embarked on a comprehensive de novo transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression analysis across 3 distinct lantana accessions, each showcasing a unique flower color. By harnessing the capabilities of both PacBio and Illumina sequencing platforms, a robust transcriptome assembly, encompassing 123,492 gene clusters and boasting 94.2% BUSCO completeness, was developed. The differential expression analysis unveiled 72,862 unique gene clusters that exhibited varied expression across different flower stages. A pronounced upregulation of 8 candidate core anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in the red-flowered accession was uncovered. This was further complemented by an upregulation of candidate MYB75 (PAP1) and bHLH42 (TT8) transcription factors. A candidate carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD4a) gene cluster also manifested a marked upregulation in white flowers. The study unveils the molecular groundwork of lantana's flower color variation, offering insights for future research and potential applications in breeding ornamental plants with desired color traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Brooks Parrish
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Dev Paudel
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Zhanao Deng
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
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25
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Bao Y, He M, Zhang C, Jiang S, Zhao L, Ye Z, Sun Q, Xia Z, Zou M. Advancing understanding of Ficus carica: a comprehensive genomic analysis reveals evolutionary patterns and metabolic pathway insights. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1298417. [PMID: 38155853 PMCID: PMC10754049 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1298417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Ficus carica L. (dioecious), the most significant commercial species in the genus Ficus, which has been cultivated for more than 11,000 years and was one of the first species to be domesticated. Herein, we reported the most comprehensive F. carica genome currently. The contig N50 of the Orphan fig was 9.78 Mb, and genome size was 366.34 Mb with 13 chromosomes. Based on the high-quality genome, we discovered that F. carica diverged from Ficus microcarpa ~34 MYA, and a WGD event took place about 2─3 MYA. Throughout the evolutionary history of F. carica, chromosomes 2, 8, and 10 had experienced chromosome recombination, while chromosome 3 saw a fusion and fission. It is worth proposing that the chromosome 9 experienced both inversion and translocation, which facilitated the emergence of the F. carica as a new species. And the selections of F. carica for the genes of recombination chromosomal fragment are compatible with their goal of domestication. In addition, we found that the F. carica has the FhAG2 gene, but there are structural deletions and positional jumps. This gene is thought to replace the one needed for female common type F. carica to be pollinated. Subsequently, we conducted genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analysis to demonstrate significant differences in the expression of CHS among different varieties of F. carica. The CHS playing an important role in the anthocyanin metabolism pathway of F. carica. Moreover, the CHS gene of F. carica has a different evolutionary trend compared to other Ficus species. These high-quality genome assembly, transcriptomic, and metabolomic resources further enrich F. carica genomics and provide insights for studying the chromosomes evolution, sexual system, and color characteristics of Ficus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Bao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Miaohua He
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Chenji Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- College of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sirong Jiang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhengwen Ye
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Meiling Zou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
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Zhang X, Zhang K, Guo Y, Lv X, Wu M, Deng H, Xie Y, Li M, Wang J, Lin L, Lv X, Xia H, Liang D. Methylation of AcGST1 Is Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation in the Kiwifruit Outer Pericarp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18865-18876. [PMID: 38053505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Most red-fleshed kiwifruit cultivars, such as Hongyang, only accumulate anthocyanins in the inner pericarp; the trait of full red flesh becomes the goal pursued by breeders. In this study, we identified a mutant "H-16" showing a red color in both the inner and outer pericarps, and the underlying mechanism was explored. Through transcriptome analysis, a key differentially expressed gene AcGST1 was screened out, which was positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in the outer pericarp. The result of McrBC-PCR and bisulfite sequencing revealed that the SG3 region (-292 to -597 bp) of AcGST1 promoter in "H-16" had a significantly lower CHH cytosine methylation level than that in Hongyang, accompanied by low expression of methyltransferase genes (MET1 and CMT2) and high expression of demethylase genes (ROS1 and DML1). Transient calli transformation confirmed that demethylase gene DML1 can activate transcription of AcGST1 to enhance its expression. Overexpression of AcGST1 enhanced the anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit flesh and leaves of the transgenic lines. These results suggested that a decrease in the methylation level of the AcGST1 promoter may contribute to accumulation of anthocyanin in the outer pericarp of "H-16".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Meijing Wu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resources Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Mingzhang Li
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resources Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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27
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Rates ADB, Cesarino I. Pour some sugar on me: The diverse functions of phenylpropanoid glycosylation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154138. [PMID: 38006622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid metabolism is the source of a vast array of specialized metabolites that play diverse functions in plant growth and development and contribute to all aspects of plant interactions with their surrounding environment. These compounds protect plants from damaging ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species, provide mechanical support for the plants to stand upright, and mediate plant-plant and plant-microorganism communications. The enormous metabolic diversity of phenylpropanoids is further expanded by chemical modifications known as "decorative reactions", including hydroxylation, methylation, glycosylation, and acylation. Among these modifications, glycosylation is the major driving force of phenylpropanoid structural diversification, also contributing to the expansion of their properties. Phenylpropanoid glycosylation is catalyzed by regioselective uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), whereas glycosyl hydrolases known as β-glucosidases are the major players in deglycosylation. In this article, we review how the glycosylation process affects key physicochemical properties of phenylpropanoids, such as molecular stability and solubility, as well as metabolite compartmentalization/storage and biological activity/toxicity. We also summarize the recent knowledge on the functional implications of glycosylation of different classes of phenylpropanoid compounds. A balance of glycosylation/deglycosylation might represent an essential molecular mechanism to regulate phenylpropanoid homeostasis, allowing plants to dynamically respond to diverse environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur de Barros Rates
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil; Synthetic and Systems Biology Center, InovaUSP, Avenida Professor Lucio Martins Rodrigues 370, 05508-020, São Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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Espley RV, Jaakola L. The role of environmental stress in fruit pigmentation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3663-3679. [PMID: 37555620 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
For many fruit crops, the colour of the fruit outwardly defines its eating quality. Fruit pigments provide reproductive advantage for the plant as well as providing protection against unfavourable environmental conditions and pathogens. For consumers these colours are considered attractive and provide many of the dietary benefits derived from fruits. In the majority of species, the main pigments are either carotenoids and/or anthocyanins. They are produced in the fruit as part of the ripening process, orchestrated by phytohormones and an ensuing transcriptional cascade, culminating in pigment biosynthesis. Whilst this is a controlled developmental process, the production of pigments is also attuned to environmental conditions such as light quantity and quality, availability of water and ambient temperature. If these factors intensify to stress levels, fruit tissues respond by increasing (or ceasing) pigment production. In many cases, if the stress is not severe, this can have a positive outcome for fruit quality. Here, we focus on the principal environmental factors (light, temperature and water) that can influence fruit colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard V Espley
- Department of New Cultivar Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
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29
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Li HL, Liu ZY, Wang XN, Han Y, You CX, An JP. E3 ubiquitin ligases SINA4 and SINA11 regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis by targeting the IAA29-ARF5-1-ERF3 module in apple. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3902-3918. [PMID: 37658649 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (AUX/IAA) and auxin response factor (ARF) proteins are important components of the auxin signalling pathway, but their ubiquitination modification and the mechanism of auxin-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis remain elusive. Here, the ARF MdARF5-1 was identified as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple, and it integrates auxin and ethylene signals by inhibiting the expression of the ethylene response factor MdERF3. The auxin repressor MdIAA29 decreased the inhibitory effect of MdARF5-1 on anthocyanin biosynthesis by attenuating the transcriptional inhibition of MdERF3 by MdARF5-1. In addition, the E3 ubiquitin ligases MdSINA4 and MdSINA11 played negative and positive regulatory roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis by targeting MdIAA29 and MdARF5-1 for ubiquitination degradation, respectively. MdSINA4 destabilized MdSINA11 to regulate anthocyanin accumulation in response to auxin signalling. In sum, our data revealed the crosstalk between auxin and ethylene signals mediated by the IAA29-ARF5-1-ERF3 module and provide new insights into the ubiquitination modification of the auxin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Li
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Liu
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Ping An
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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30
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Wang Y, Shang B, Génard M, Hilbert-Masson G, Delrot S, Gomès E, Poni S, Keller M, Renaud C, Kong J, Chen J, Liang Z, Dai Z. Model-assisted analysis for tuning anthocyanin composition in grape berries. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:1033-1050. [PMID: 37850481 PMCID: PMC10808033 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin composition is responsible for the red colour of grape berries and wines, and contributes to their organoleptic quality. However, anthocyanin biosynthesis is under genetic, developmental and environmental regulation, making its targeted fine-tuning challenging. We constructed a mechanistic model to simulate the dynamics of anthocyanin composition throughout grape ripening in Vitis vinifera, employing a consensus anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The model was calibrated and validated using six datasets from eight cultivars and 37 growth conditions. Tuning the transformation and degradation parameters allowed us to accurately simulate the accumulation process of each individual anthocyanin under different environmental conditions. The model parameters were robust across environments for each genotype. The coefficients of determination (R2) for the simulated versus observed values for the six datasets ranged from 0.92 to 0.99, while the relative root mean square errors (RRMSEs) were between 16.8 and 42.1 %. The leave-one-out cross-validation for three datasets showed R2 values of 0.99, 0.96 and 0.91, and RRMSE values of 28.8, 32.9 and 26.4 %, respectively, suggesting a high prediction quality of the model. Model analysis showed that the anthocyanin profiles of diverse genotypes are relatively stable in response to parameter perturbations. Virtual experiments further suggested that targeted anthocyanin profiles may be reached by manipulating a minimum of three parameters, in a genotype-dependent manner. This model presents a promising methodology for characterizing the temporal progression of anthocyanin composition, while also offering a logical foundation for bioengineering endeavours focused on precisely adjusting the anthocyanin composition of grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops and Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Boxing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops and Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Michel Génard
- INRAE, UR1115, Unité Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Avignon, France
| | | | - Serge Delrot
- EGFV, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Eric Gomès
- EGFV, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Stefano Poni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Markus Keller
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Christel Renaud
- EGFV, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Junhua Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops and Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops and Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops and Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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31
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Guan L, Liu J, Wang R, Mu Y, Sun T, Wang L, Zhao Y, Zhu N, Ji X, Lu Y, Wang Y. Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Flower Color Differentiation Mechanisms in Various Sophora japonica L. Petal Types. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1466. [PMID: 38132292 PMCID: PMC10740404 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Sophora japonica L. is an important landscaping and ornamental tree species throughout southern and northern parts of China. The most common color of S. japonica petals is yellow and white. In this study, S. japonica flower color mutants with yellow and white flag petals and light purple-red wing and keel petals were used for transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of flower color variation in S. japonica 'AM' mutant, 36 anthocyanin metabolites were screened in the anthocyanin-targeting metabolome. The results demonstrated that cyanidins such as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside in the 'AM' mutant were the key metabolites responsible for the red color of the wing and keel petals. Transcriptome sequencing and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis identified the key structural genes and transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Among these, F3'5'H, ANS, UFGT79B1, bHLH, and WRKY expression was significantly correlated with the cyanidin-type anthocyanins (key regulatory factors affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis) in the flag, wing, and keel petals in S. japonica at various flower development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshan Guan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Jinshi Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Ruilong Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yanjuan Mu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yunchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Nana Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
- State-Owned Yishan Forest Farm in Yishui County, Linyi 276400, China
| | - Xinyue Ji
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yizeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation and Utilization of Warm Temperate Zone Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250102, China
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Islam F, Labib RK, Zehravi M, Lami MS, Das R, Singh LP, Mandhadi JR, Balan P, Khan J, Khan SL, Nainu F, Nafady MH, Rab SO, Emran TB, Wilairatana P. Genus Amorphophallus: A Comprehensive Overview on Phytochemistry, Ethnomedicinal Uses, and Pharmacological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3945. [PMID: 38068582 PMCID: PMC10707911 DOI: 10.3390/plants12233945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The genus Amorphophallus belongs to the family Araceae. Plants belonging to this genus are available worldwide and have been used in traditional medicines since ancient times, mainly in Ayurveda and Unani medical practices. Amorphophallus species are an abundant source of polyphenolic compounds; these are accountable for their pharmacological properties, such as their analgesic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, and immunomodulatory effects, as well as their ability to prevent gastrointestinal disturbance and reduce blood glucose. Moreover, Amorphophallus species contain numerous other classes of chemical compounds, such as alkaloids, steroids, fats and fixed oils, tannins, proteins, and carbohydrates, each of which contributes to the pharmacological effects for the treatment of acute rheumatism, tumors, lung swelling, asthma, vomiting, abdominal pain, and so on. Additionally, Amorphophallus species have been employed in numerous herbal formulations and pharmaceutical applications. There has been no extensive review conducted on the Amorphophallus genus as of yet, despite the fact that several experimental studies are being published regularly discussing these plants' pharmacological properties. So, this review discusses in detail the pharmacological properties of Amorphophallus species. We also discuss phytochemical constituents in the Amorphophallus species and their ethnomedicinal uses and toxicological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (F.I.); (T.B.E.)
| | - Rafiuddin Khan Labib
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashia Subha Lami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Laliteshwar Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Sasaram 821305, India
| | - Jithendar Reddy Mandhadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Down Town University (AdtU), Gandhinagar 781026, India
| | - P. Balan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Erode College of Pharmacy, Erode 638112, India
| | - Jishan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Sharuk L. Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa 413520, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Mohamed H. Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12568, Egypt
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (F.I.); (T.B.E.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Vega EN, Ciudad-Mulero M, Fernández-Ruiz V, Barros L, Morales P. Natural Sources of Food Colorants as Potential Substitutes for Artificial Additives. Foods 2023; 12:4102. [PMID: 38002160 PMCID: PMC10670170 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the demand of healthier food products and products made with natural ingredients has increased overwhelmingly, led by the awareness of human beings of the influence of food on their health, as well as by the evidence of side effects generated by different ingredients such as some additives. This is the case for several artificial colorants, especially azo colorants, which have been related to the development of allergic reactions, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. All the above has focused the attention of researchers on obtaining colorants from natural sources that do not present a risk for consumption and, on the contrary, show biological activity. The most representative compounds that present colorant capacity found in nature are anthocyanins, anthraquinones, betalains, carotenoids and chlorophylls. Therefore, the present review summarizes research published in the last 15 years (2008-2023) in different databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect) encompassing various natural sources of these colorant compounds, referring to their obtention, identification, some of the efforts made for improvements in their stability and their incorporation in different food matrices. In this way, this review evidences the promising path of development of natural colorants for the replacement of their artificial counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N. Vega
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.N.V.); (M.C.-M.); (V.F.-R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - María Ciudad-Mulero
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.N.V.); (M.C.-M.); (V.F.-R.)
| | - Virginia Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.N.V.); (M.C.-M.); (V.F.-R.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Patricia Morales
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.N.V.); (M.C.-M.); (V.F.-R.)
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Ashikhmin A, Bolshakov M, Pashkovskiy P, Vereshchagin M, Khudyakova A, Shirshikova G, Kozhevnikova A, Kosobryukhov A, Kreslavski V, Kuznetsov V, Allakhverdiev SI. The Adaptive Role of Carotenoids and Anthocyanins in Solanum lycopersicum Pigment Mutants under High Irradiance. Cells 2023; 12:2569. [PMID: 37947647 PMCID: PMC10650732 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of high-intensity light on the pigment content, photosynthetic rate, and fluorescence parameters of photosystem II in high-pigment tomato mutants (hp 3005) and low-pigment mutants (lp 3617) were investigated. This study also evaluated the dry weight percentage of low molecular weight antioxidant capacity, expression patterns of some photoreceptor-regulated genes, and structural aspects of leaf mesophyll cells. The 3005 mutant displayed increased levels of photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanins, whereas the 3617 mutant demonstrated a heightened content of ultraviolet-absorbing pigments. The photosynthetic rate, photosystem II activity, antioxidant capacity, and carotenoid content were most pronounced in the high-pigment mutant after 72 h exposure to intense light. This mutant also exhibited an increase in leaf thickness and water content when exposed to high-intensity light, suggesting superior physiological adaptability and reduced photoinhibition. Our findings indicate that the enhanced adaptability of the high-pigment mutant might be attributed to increased flavonoid and carotenoid contents, leading to augmented expression of key genes associated with pigment synthesis and light regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ashikhmin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Maksim Bolshakov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Mikhail Vereshchagin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Alexandra Khudyakova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Galina Shirshikova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Anna Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Anatoliy Kosobryukhov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimir Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (A.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (G.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimir Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (P.P.); (M.V.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
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Lim SH, Kim DH, Lee JY. Molecular mechanism controlling anthocyanin composition and content in radish plants with different root colors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108091. [PMID: 37864927 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus) roots exhibit various colors that reflect their anthocyanin compositions and contents. However, the details of the mechanism linking the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis and their transcriptional regulators to anthocyanin composition in radish roots remained unknown. Here, we characterized the role of the anthocyanin biosynthetic enzyme flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (RsF3'H), together with the R2R3 MYB transcription factor (TF) RsMYB1 and the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TF TRANSPARENT TESTA 8 (RsTT8), in four radish plants with different root colors: white (W), deep red (DR), dark purple (DP), and dark greyish purple (DGP). The DR plant contained heterozygous for RsF3'H with low expression level and accumulated a large amount of pelargonidin, resulting in deep red color. While, the DP and DGP plants accumulated the cyanidin due to the higher expression level of functional RsF3'H. Notably, RsMYB1 and RsTT8 transcripts were abundant in all pigmented roots, but not in white roots. To investigate the differential expression of RsMYB1 and RsTT8, we compared the sequences of their promoter regions among the four radish plants, revealing variations in the numbers of cis-elements and in promoter architecture. Promoter activation assays demonstrated that variation in the RsMYB1 and RsTT8 promoters may contribute to the expression level of these genes, and RsMYB1 can activate its own expression as well as promote the RsTT8 expression. These results suggested that RsF3'H plays a vital role in anthocyanin composition and the expression level of both RsMYB1 and RsTT8 are crucial determinants for anthocyanin content in radish roots. Overall, these findings provide insight into the molecular basis of anthocyanin composition and level in radish roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hyung Lim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of International Technology and Information, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of International Technology and Information, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
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Chen J, Guo S, Hu X, Wang R, Jia D, Li Q, Yin X, Liao X, Hu Z, Wang P, Ren C, Dong S, Chen C, Chen S, Xu J, Pei J. Whole-genome and genome-wide association studies improve key agricultural traits of safflower for industrial and medicinal use. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad197. [PMID: 38023481 PMCID: PMC10673658 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is widely cultivated around the world for its seeds and flowers. The presence of linoleic acid (LA) in its seeds and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) in its flowers are the crucial traits that enable safflower to be used for industrial and medicinal purposes. Understanding the genetic control of these traits is essential for optimizing the quality of safflower and its breeding. To further this research, we present a chromosome-scale assembly of the genome of the safflower variety 'Chuanhonghua 1', which was achieved using an integrated strategy combining Illumina, Oxford Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing. We obtained a 1.17-Gb assembly with a contig N50 of 1.08 Mb, and all assembled sequences were assigned to 12 pseudochromosomes. Safflower's evolution involved the core eudicot γ-triplication event and a whole-genome duplication event, which led to large-scale genomic rearrangements. Extensive genomic shuffling has occurred since the divergence of the ancestor of dicotyledons. We conducted metabolite and transcriptome profiles with time- and part-dependent changes and screened candidate genes that significantly contribute to seed lipid biosynthesis. We also analyzed key gene families that participate in LA and HSYA biosynthesis. Additionally, we re-sequenced 220 safflower lines and carried out a genome-wide association study using high-quality SNP data for eight agronomic traits. We identified SNPs related to important traits in safflower. Besides, the candidate gene HH_034464 (CtCGT1) was shown to be involved in the biosynthesis of HSYA. Overall, we provide a high-quality reference genome and elucidate the genetic basis of LA and HSYA biosynthesis in safflower. This vast amount of data will benefit further research for functional gene mining and breeding in safflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xueli Hu
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Donghai Jia
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumchi 830091, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumchi 830091, China
| | - Xianmei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xuejiao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zunhong Hu
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Peiqi Wang
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Chaoxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Ai Y, Zheng QD, Wang MJ, Xiong LW, Li P, Guo LT, Wang MY, Peng DH, Lan SR, Liu ZJ. Molecular mechanism of different flower color formation of Cymbidium ensifolium. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:193-204. [PMID: 37878187 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Cymbidium ensifolium is one of the national orchids in China, which has high ornamental value with changeable flower colors. To understand the formation mechanism of different flower colors of C. ensifolium, this research conducted transcriptome and metabolome analyses on four different colored sepals of C. ensifolium. Metabolome analysis detected 204 flavonoid metabolites, including 17 polyphenols, 27 anthocyanins, 75 flavones, 34 flavonols, 25 flavonoids, 18 flavanones, and 8 isoflavones. Among them, purple-red and red sepals contain a lot of anthocyanins, including cyanidin, pelargonin, and paeoniflorin, while yellow-green and white sepals have less anthocyanins detected, and their metabolites are mainly flavonols, flavanones and flavonoids. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that the expression levels of the anthocyanin biosynthetic enzyme genes in red and purple-red sepals were significantly higher than those in white and yellow-green sepals of C. ensifolium. The experimental results showed that CeF3'H2, CeDFR, CeANS, CeF3H and CeUFGT1 may be the key genes involved in anthocyanin production in C. ensifolium sepals, and CeMYB104 has been proved to play an important role in the flower color formation of C. ensifolium. The results of transformation showed that the CeMYB104 is involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins and can form a purple-red color in the white perianth of Phalaenopsis. These findings provide a theoretical reference to understand the formation mechanism of flower color in C. ensifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qing-Dong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Meng-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Long-Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Li-Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Meng-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dong-Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Si-Ren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Liu M, Li C, Jiang T, Wang R, Wang Y, Zhang W, Pan X. Chromosome-scale genome assembly provides insights into flower coloration mechanisms of Canna indica. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126148. [PMID: 37591424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Canna indica, which produce conspicuous and colorful flowers, are widely appreciated as ornamental plants. We used Pacific Biosciences sequencing (PacBio) and chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) genome scaffolding to build a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of C. indica and the genome assembly was 821Mb with a contig N50 of 48Mb assembled into nine chromosomes. The genome of C. indica was predicted to contain 31,130 genes and 30,816 genes were functionally annotated. Genome annotation identified 522 Mb (63.59 %) as repetitive sequences. Genome evolution analysis showed that whole-genome duplication occurred 53.4 million years ago. Transcriptome analysis revealed that petal coloration was linked with the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. Furthermore, modules of co-expressed genes and hub genes were identified via weighted gene co-expression network analysis. These results suggested that, in Canna indica, deep red petal coloration was regulated by CHS2 and yellow petal coloration was associated with expression of ARF6 and NAC14. Considered together, the current study revealed a high-quality reference genome which may provide new insights into the molecular basis of flower coloration in Canna indica and help enhance the conservation and breeding of ornamental plants in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tang Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruipu Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen'e Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Pan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Martín-Pizarro C, Zhou L, Hou B, Wang Y, Shen Y, Li B, Posé D, Qin G. Deciphering the regulatory network of the NAC transcription factor FvRIF, a key regulator of strawberry (Fragaria vesca) fruit ripening. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4020-4045. [PMID: 37506031 PMCID: PMC10615214 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The NAC transcription factor ripening inducing factor (RIF) was previously reported to be necessary for the ripening of octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit, but the mechanistic basis of RIF-mediated transcriptional regulation and how RIF activity is modulated remains elusive. Here, we show that FvRIF in diploid strawberry, Fragaria vesca, is a key regulator in the control of fruit ripening and that knockout mutations of FvRIF result in a complete block of fruit ripening. DNA affinity purification sequencing coupled with transcriptome deep sequencing suggests that 2,080 genes are direct targets of FvRIF-mediated regulation, including those related to various aspects of fruit ripening. We provide evidence that FvRIF modulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit softening by directly regulating the related core genes. Moreover, we demonstrate that FvRIF interacts with and serves as a substrate of MAP kinase 6 (FvMAPK6), which regulates the transcriptional activation function of FvRIF by phosphorylating FvRIF at Thr-310. Our findings uncover the FvRIF-mediated transcriptional regulatory network in controlling strawberry fruit ripening and highlight the physiological significance of phosphorylation modification on FvRIF activity in ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093,China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093,China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,China
| | - Carmen Martín-Pizarro
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga 29071,Spain
| | - Leilei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093,China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093,China
| | - Bingzhu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093,China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093,China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093,China
| | - Yuanyue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206,China
| | - Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,China
| | - David Posé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga 29071,Spain
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093,China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093,China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,China
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Xu P, Li X, Fan J, Tian S, Cao M, Lin A, Gao Q, Xiao K, Wang C, Kuang H, Lian H. An arginine-to-histidine mutation in flavanone-3-hydroxylase results in pink strawberry fruits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1849-1865. [PMID: 37477940 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Fruit color is a very important external commodity factor for consumers. Compared to the most typical red octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), the pink strawberry often sells for a more expensive price and has a higher economic benefit due to its outstanding color. However, few studies have examined the molecular basis of pink-colored strawberry fruit. Through an EMS mutagenesis of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), we identified a mutant with pink fruits and green petioles. Bulked-segregant analysis sequencing analysis and gene function verification confirmed that the responsible mutation resides in a gene encoding flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H) in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. This nonsynonymous mutation results in an arginine-to-histidine change at position 130 of F3H. Molecular docking experiments showed that the arginine-to-histidine mutation results in a reduction of intermolecular force-hydrogen bonding between the F3H protein and its substrates. Enzymatic experiments showed a greatly reduced ability of the mutated F3H protein to catalyze the conversion of the substrates and hence a blockage of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. The discovery of a key residue in the F3H gene controlling anthocyanin synthesis provides a clear target of modification for the molecular breeding of strawberry varieties with pink-colored fruits, which may be of great commercial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Xu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junmiao Fan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuhua Tian
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Minghao Cao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinhua Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Kun Xiao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- College of Horticultural Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huiyun Kuang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences 201403, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Lian
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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He M, Zhang G, Huo D, Yang S. Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Creamy Yellow and Purple Colored Panax notoginseng Roots. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2100. [PMID: 37895482 PMCID: PMC10607970 DOI: 10.3390/life13102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is a species of the Araliaceae family that inhabits southwestern China, Burma, and Nepal. It is cultivated on a commercial scale in Yunnan province, China, owing to its significance in traditional Chinese medicine. Panax notoginseng roots are usually yellow-white (HS); however, purple roots (ZS) have also been reported. The majority of P. notoginseng research has concentrated on the identification and production of natural chemicals in HS; however, there is little to no information about the composition of ZS. Using UPLC-MS/MS, we investigated the global metabolome profile of both ZS- and HS-type roots and discovered 834 metabolites from 11 chemical groups. There were 123 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) in the HS and ZS roots, which were classified as lipids and lipid-like molecules, polyketides, organoheterocyclic chemicals, and organooxygen compounds. We investigated the associated compounds in the DAMs because of the importance of anthocyanins in color and saponins and ginsenosides in health benefits. In general, we discovered that pigment compounds such as petunidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, and peonidin-3-O-beta-galactoside were more abundant in ZS. The saponin (eight compounds) and ginsenoside (26 compounds) content of the two varieties of roots differed as well. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that flavonoid and anthocyanin production genes were more abundant in ZS than in HS. Similarly, we found differences in gene expression in genes involved in terpenoid production and related pathways. Overall, these findings suggest that the purple roots of P. notoginseng contain varying amounts of ginsenosides and anthocyanins compared to roots with a creamy yellow color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhan He
- Office of Academic Affairs, Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Kunming 650224, China; (M.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Dongfang Huo
- Office of Academic Affairs, Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Kunming 650224, China; (M.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Shengchao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
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Sun Y, Hu P, Jiang Y, Li J, Chang J, Zhang H, Shao H, Zhou Y. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Petal Anthocyanin Accumulation Mechanism in Gloriosa superba 'Rothschildiana' during Different Flower Development Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15034. [PMID: 37894715 PMCID: PMC10606226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flower color is a key ornamental trait in plants. The petals of Gloriosa superba 'Rothschildiana' petals undergo a color transformation from yellow to red during their development, but the molecular mechanism of this process remains unexplored. This study examines the anthocyanin profiles and gene expression patterns of 'Rothschildiana' petals across four developmental stages: bud (S1), initial opening (S2), half opening (S3), and full opening stage (S4). A total of 59 anthocyanins were identified with significant increases in cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside levels observed during petal maturation. Transcriptome analysis revealed 46 differentially expressed genes implicated in flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, three gene modules were found to be associated with anthocyanin accumulation throughout flower development. Expression levels of genes associated with auxin, abscisic acid, brassinosteroid signaling, and transcription factors such as NACs and WRKYs underwent significant changes and exhibited strong correlations with several flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in these modules. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of flower color variation and lay the groundwork for the improvement of G. superba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Pinli Hu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jiaxing Chang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haojing Shao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Ma L, Jia W, Duan Q, Du W, Li X, Cui G, Wang X, Wang J. Heterologous Expression of Platycodon grandiflorus PgF3'5'H Modifies Flower Color Pigmentation in Tobacco. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1920. [PMID: 37895269 PMCID: PMC10606865 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid-3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) is the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, which are generally required for purple or blue flowers. Previously, we isolated a full-length cDNA of PgF3'5'H from Platycodon grandiflorus, which shared the highest homology with Campanula medium F3'5'H. In this study, PgF3'5'H was subcloned into a plant over-expression vector and transformed into tobacco via Agrobacterium tumefaciens to investigate its catalytic function. Positive transgenic tobacco T0 plants were obtained by hygromycin resistance screening and PCR detection. PgF3'5'H showed a higher expression level in all PgF3'5'H transgenic tobacco plants than in control plants. Under the drive of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, the over-expressed PgF3'5'H produced dihydromyricetin (DHM) and some new anthocyanin pigments (including delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin derivatives), and increased dihydrokaempferol (DHK), taxifolin, tridactyl, cyanidin derivatives, and pelargonidin derivatives in PgF3'5'H transgenic tobacco plants by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis, resulting in a dramatic color alteration from light pink to magenta. These results indicate that PgF3'5'H products have F3'5'H enzyme activity. In addition, PgF3'5'H transfer alters flavonoid pigment synthesis and accumulation in tobacco. Thus, PgF3'5'H may be considered a candidate gene for gene engineering to enhance anthocyanin accumulation and the molecular breeding project for blue flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jihua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Yunnan Flower Breeding, National Engineering Research Center For Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, China; (L.M.); (X.L.)
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Zhang S, Yu X, Chen M, Chang C, Zhu J, Zhao H. Comparative Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiling Reveal Mechanisms of Red Leaf Color Fading in Populus × euramericana cv. 'Zhonghuahongye'. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3511. [PMID: 37836251 PMCID: PMC10575148 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are among the flavonoids that serve as the principal pigments affecting the color of plants. During leaf growth, the leaf color of 'Zhonghuahongye' gradually changes from copper-brown to yellow-green. At present, the mechanism of color change at different stages has not yet been discovered. To find this, we compared the color phenotype, metabolome, and transcriptome of the three leaf stages. The results showed that the anthocyanin content of leaves decreased by 62.5% and the chlorophyll content increased by 204.35%, 69.23%, 155.56% and 60%, respectively. Differential metabolites and genes were enriched in the pathway related to the synthesis of 'Zhonghuahongye' flavonoids and anthocyanins and to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, 273 flavonoid metabolites were detected, with a total of eight classes. DFR, FLS and ANS downstream of anthocyanin synthesis may be the key structural genes in reducing anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation in the green leaf of 'Zhonghuahongye'. The results of multi-omics analysis showed that the formation of color was primarily affected by anthocyanin regulation and its related synthesis-affected genes. This study preliminarily analyzed the green regression gene and metabolic changes in 'Zhonghuahongye' red leaves and constitutes a reference for the molecular breeding of 'Zhonghuahongye' red leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Zhang
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 3 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
- College of Rural Revitalization, The Open University of Henan, 36 Longzi Lake North Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xinran Yu
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 3 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 682 Guangshan 1st Road, Guangzhou 510520, China;
| | - Cuifang Chang
- The College of Landscape Architecture and the Arts, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Jingle Zhu
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 3 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
| | - Han Zhao
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 3 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
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Xu D, Wang Z, Zhuang W, Wang T, Xie Y. Family characteristics, phylogenetic reconstruction, and potential applications of the plant BAHD acyltransferase family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1218914. [PMID: 37868312 PMCID: PMC10585174 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1218914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The BAHD acyltransferase family is a class of proteins in plants that can acylate a variety of primary and specialized secondary metabolites. The typically acylated products have greatly improved stability, lipid solubility, and bioavailability and thus show significant differences in their physicochemical properties and pharmacological activities. Here, we review the protein structure, catalytic mechanism, and phylogenetic reconstruction of plant BAHD acyltransferases to describe their family characteristics, acylation reactions, and the processes of potential functional differentiation. Moreover, the potential applications of the BAHD family in human activities are discussed from the perspectives of improving the quality of economic plants, enhancing the efficacy of medicinal plants, improving plant biomass for use in biofuel, and promoting stress resistance of land plants. This review provides a reference for the research and production of plant BAHD acyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghuan Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Yinfeng Xie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Ozcan BE, Saroglu O, Karakas CY, Karadag A. Encapsulation of purple basil leaf extract by electrospraying in double emulsion (W/O/W) filled alginate-carrageenan beads to improve the bioaccessibility of anthocyanins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126207. [PMID: 37567525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The purple basil leaf extract (PBLE) was encapsulated in double emulsion (W1/O/W2)-loaded beads (emulgel) by electrospraying. The influence of κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) and cross-linking agents (Ca2+/K+) on the properties of alginate (SA) beads were assessed. In emulgel beads, κ-CG inclusion resulted in larger sizes and more distorted shapes, wrinkles on the surface, and lower gel strength. The encapsulation efficiency of anthocyanins (ACNs) in emulgel beads ranged from 70.73 to 87.89 %, whereas it ranged from 13.50 to 20.67 % in emulsion-free (hydrogel) beads. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) revealed the crosslinking of SA and κ-CG with Ca2+ and K+, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetric (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms showed emulgel beads yielded higher thermal stability. The emulgel beads elevated the in vitro bioaccessibility of ACNs under simulated digestion. At the gastric phase, 86 % of ACNs in PBLE, and 46 % of loaded ACNs in hydrogel beads were released, whereas no release was occurred in emulgel beads. At the intestinal phase, after 150 min of digestion, no ACNs were detected in PBLE and hydrogel beads, whereas all emulgel beads continued to release ACNs until 300 min. The incorporation of double emulsions in hydrogel beads can be utilized in the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Ebru Ozcan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kirklareli University, Kırklareli 39000, Turkey; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Oznur Saroglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Canan Yagmur Karakas
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Ayse Karadag
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey.
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Amoah JN, Adu-Gyamfi MO, Kwarteng AO. Effect of drought acclimation on antioxidant system and polyphenolic content of Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1577-1589. [PMID: 38076760 PMCID: PMC10709255 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate change-induced drought stress on global food security and environmental sustainability is a serious concern. While previous research has highlighted the potential benefits of drought hardening in improving plants' ability to withstand drought, the exact underlying physiological mechanisms in millet plants (Setaria italica L.) have not been explored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of drought hardening on antioxidant defense and polyphenol accumulation in different millet genotypes ('PI 689680' and 'PI 662292') subjected to different treatments: control (unstressed), drought acclimation (two stress episodes with recovery), and non-acclimation (single stress episode with no recovery). The results showed that drought stress led to higher levels of polyphenols and oxidative damage, as indicated by increased phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin levels. Non-acclimated (NA) plants experienced more severe oxidative damage and inhibition of enzymes associated with the ascorbate glutathione cycle compared to drought-acclimated plants. NA plants also exhibited a significant reduction in photosynthesis and tissue water content. The expression of genes related to antioxidants and polyphenol synthesis was more pronounced in non-acclimated plants. The study demonstrated that drought hardening not only prepared plants for subsequent drought stress but also mitigated damage caused by oxidative stress in plant physiology. Drought-acclimated (DA) plants displayed improved drought tolerance, as evidenced by better growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, polyphenol accumulation, and gene expression related to antioxidants and polyphenol synthesis. In conclusion, the research advocates for the use of drought hardening as an effective strategy to alleviate the negative impacts of drought-induced metabolic disturbances in millet. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01366-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N. Amoah
- Centre for Carbon, Water, and Food, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
| | | | - Albert Owusu Kwarteng
- Department of Plant Sciences, Kimberly Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
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48
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Li G, Michaelis DF, Huang J, Serek M, Gehl C. New insights into the genetic manipulation of the R2R3-MYB and CHI gene families on anthocyanin pigmentation in Petunia hybrida. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108000. [PMID: 37683585 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Several R2R3-MYB genes control anthocyanin pigmentation in petunia, and ANTHOCYANIN-2 (AN2) is treated as the main player in petal limbs. However, the actual roles of R2R3-MYBs in the coloration of different floral tissues in the so called "darkly-veined" petunias are still not clear. The genetic background and expression of AN2 paralogs from various petunias with different color patterns were identified. All "darkly-veined" genotypes have the identical mutation in the AN2 gene, but express a different functional paralog - ANTHOCYANIN-4 (AN4) - abundantly in flowers. Constitutive overexpression of PhAN4 in this petunia resulted not only in a fully colored flower but also in a clearly visible pigmentation in the green tissue and roots, which can be rapidly increased by stress conditions. Suppression of AN4 gene resulted in discolored petals and whitish anthers. Interestingly, when a similar white flower phenotype was achieved by knockout of an essential structural gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis - CHALCONE ISOMERASE-A (CHI-A) - the plant responded directly by upregulating of another paralogs - DEEP PURPLE (DPL) and PURPLE HAZE (PHZ). Moreover, we also found that CHI-B can partially substitute for CHI-A in anthers, but not in vegetative tissues. Further, no significant effects on the longevity of white or enhanced colored flowers were observed compared with the wild type. We concluded that endogenous up-regulation of AN4 leads to the restoration of petal color in the "darkly-veined" phenotypes as a result of the breeding process under human selection, and CHI-B is a backup for CHI-A acitvity in some floral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Floriculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Dietz Felix Michaelis
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Floriculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Junjie Huang
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Floriculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margrethe Serek
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Floriculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Gehl
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Floriculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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Navarro-Calderón Á, Falagán N, Terry LA, Alamar MC. Biomarkers of postharvest resilience: unveiling the role of abscisic acid in table grapes during cold storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1266807. [PMID: 37841624 PMCID: PMC10570816 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1266807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Table grapes are considered non-climacteric fruit, not showing a rapid increase in respiration rate and ethylene production during ripening. Previous research has suggested that abscisic acid (ABA) may have a more crucial role in grape postharvest behaviour. This study aimed to identify biomarkers of postharvest resilience and flavour life of imported table grapes. An experiment was designed to determine i) the role of ABA and catabolites on grape berry senescence; ii) the spatial distribution of these hormones within the grape berry, and iii) the effect of 1-MCP and storage temperature on its postharvest quality. Hence, the use of an ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropane (1-MCP), during table grape storage was investigated. Table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. 'Krissy' were subjected to i) control (untreated); and ii) 1-MCP (1 µL L-1; 12 hours; 15°C) and stored under two scenarios: i) 15 days at 0.5°C, followed by five days at 5.5°C to simulate shelf-life; and ii) 20 days at 5.5°C to simulate a higher storage temperature followed by shelf-life. Physiological (i.e. mould incidence, skin colour, firmness, respiration rate) and biochemical analysis (i.e. individual sugars, organic acids, abscisic acid and catabolites) were performed. Grapes subjected to 5.5°C showed significantly higher mould incidence at the end of the shelf-life compared to 0.5°C storage temperature (12.6% vs. 3.1%). Also, and for the first time, the spatial distribution of ABA during the senescence of table grapes was profiled; the distal section had three times more ABA and metabolites than the proximal. We demonstrated that senescence processes were initiated after a significant increase in respiration rate (from 1 to 2.8 mL CO2 kg-1 h-1), and that ABA could be considered a biomarker for table grapes senescence, since an ABA peak preceded the increase in respiration rate, mould incidence, organic acids, and sucrose hydrolysis during postharvest storage; and coincided with a decrease in berry firmness. These findings are of significant importance for the industry as understanding how ABA regulates both senescence processes and quality changes during postharvest cold storage of tables grapes can improve the consistency and reduce waste and consumer complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Carmen Alamar
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
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An JP, Li HL, Liu ZY, Wang DR, You CX, Han Y. The E3 ubiquitin ligase SINA1 and the protein kinase BIN2 cooperatively regulate PHR1 in apple anthocyanin biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2175-2193. [PMID: 37272713 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PHR1 (PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1) plays key roles in the inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation response and in Pi deficiency-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. However, the post-translational regulation of PHR1 is unclear, and the molecular basis of PHR1-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis remains elusive. In this study, we determined that MdPHR1 was essential for Pi deficiency-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple (Malus × domestica). MdPHR1 interacted with MdWRKY75, a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, to enhance the MdWRKY75-activated transcription of MdMYB1, leading to anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, the E3 ubiquitin ligase SEVEN IN ABSENTIA1 (MdSINA1) negatively regulated MdPHR1-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis via the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of MdPHR1. Moreover, the protein kinase apple BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (MdBIN2) phosphorylated MdPHR1 and positively regulated MdPHR1-mediated anthocyanin accumulation by attenuating the MdSINA1-mediated ubiquitination degradation of MdPHR1. Taken together, these findings not only demonstrate the regulatory role of MdPHR1 in Pi starvation induced anthocyanin accumulation, but also provide an insight into the post-translational regulation of PHR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Da-Ru Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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