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Yuan G, Lian Y, Wang J, Yong T, Gao H, Wu H, Yang T, Wang C. AtHSPR functions in gibberellin-mediated primary root growth by interacting with KNAT5 and OFP1 in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1629-1649. [PMID: 37597006 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE AtHSPR forms a complex with KNAT5 and OFP1 to regulate primary root growth through GA-mediated root meristem activity. KNAT5-OFP1 functions as a negative regulator of AtHSPR in response to GA. Plant root growth is modulated by gibberellic acid (GA) signaling and depends on root meristem maintenance. ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN-RELATED (AtHSPR) is a vital regulator of flowering time and salt stress tolerance. However, little is known about the role of AtHSPR in the regulation of primary root growth. Here, we report that athspr mutant exhibits a shorter primary root compared to wild type and that AtHSPR interacts with KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX GENE 5 (KNAT5) and OVATE FAMILY PROTEIN 1 (OFP1). Genetic analysis showed that overexpression of KNAT5 or OFP1 caused a defect in primary root growth similar to that of the athspr mutant, but knockout of KNAT5 or OFP1 rescued the short root phenotype in the athspr mutant by altering root meristem activity. Further investigation revealed that KNAT5 interacts with OFP1 and that AtHSPR weakens the inhibition of GIBBERELLIN 20-OXIDASE 1 (GA20ox1) expression by the KNAT5-OFP1 complex. Moreover, root meristem cell proliferation and root elongation in 35S::KNAT5athspr and 35S::OFP1athspr seedlings were hypersensitive to GA3 treatment compared to the athspr mutant. Together, our results demonstrate that the AtHSPR-KNAT5-OFP1 module regulates root growth and development by impacting the expression of GA biosynthetic gene GA20ox1, which could be a way for plants to achieve plasticity in response to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuke Lian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Taibi Yong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haijun Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Chongying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Tian Z, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Jiang B, Wang H, Gao R, Friml J, Xiao G. Strigolactones act downstream of gibberellins to regulate fiber cell elongation and cell wall thickness in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4816-4839. [PMID: 36040191 PMCID: PMC9709996 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of phytohormones that regulate plant shoot branching and adventitious root development. However, little is known regarding the role of SLs in controlling the behavior of the smallest unit of the organism, the single cell. Here, taking advantage of a classic single-cell model offered by the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber cell, we show that SLs, whose biosynthesis is fine-tuned by gibberellins (GAs), positively regulate cell elongation and cell wall thickness by promoting the biosynthesis of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and cellulose, respectively. Furthermore, we identified two layers of transcription factors (TFs) involved in the hierarchical regulation of this GA-SL crosstalk. The top-layer TF GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 4 (GhGRF4) directly activates expression of the SL biosynthetic gene DWARF27 (D27) to increase SL accumulation in fiber cells and GAs induce GhGRF4 expression. SLs induce the expression of four second-layer TF genes (GhNAC100-2, GhBLH51, GhGT2, and GhB9SHZ1), which transmit SL signals downstream to two ketoacyl-CoA synthase genes (KCS) and three cellulose synthase (CesA) genes by directly activating their transcription. Finally, the KCS and CesA enzymes catalyze the biosynthesis of VLCFAs and cellulose, respectively, to regulate development of high-grade cotton fibers. In addition to providing a theoretical basis for cotton fiber improvement, our results shed light on SL signaling in plant development at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liping Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an,
China
| | - Bin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an,
China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an,
China
| | - Ruxi Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University,
Shaanxi, Yangling, China
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400
Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Ojeda-Rivera JO, Alejo-Jacuinde G, Nájera-González HR, López-Arredondo D. Prospects of genetics and breeding for low-phosphate tolerance: an integrated approach from soil to cell. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4125-4150. [PMID: 35524816 PMCID: PMC9729153 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Improving phosphorus (P) crop nutrition has emerged as a key factor toward achieving a more resilient and sustainable agriculture. P is an essential nutrient for plant development and reproduction, and phosphate (Pi)-based fertilizers represent one of the pillars that sustain food production systems. To meet the global food demand, the challenge for modern agriculture is to increase food production and improve food quality in a sustainable way by significantly optimizing Pi fertilizer use efficiency. The development of genetically improved crops with higher Pi uptake and Pi-use efficiency and higher adaptability to environments with low-Pi availability will play a crucial role toward this end. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of Pi nutrition and the regulation of Pi-starvation responses in plants, and provide new perspectives on how to harness the ample repertoire of genetic mechanisms behind these adaptive responses for crop improvement. We discuss on the potential of implementing more integrative, versatile, and effective strategies by incorporating systems biology approaches and tools such as genome editing and synthetic biology. These strategies will be invaluable for producing high-yielding crops that require reduced Pi fertilizer inputs and to develop a more sustainable global agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Odilón Ojeda-Rivera
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Gerardo Alejo-Jacuinde
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Héctor-Rogelio Nájera-González
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Damar López-Arredondo
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Okazawa A, Baba A, Okano H, Tokunaga T, Nakaue T, Ogawa T, Shimma S, Sugimoto Y, Ohta D. Involvement of α-galactosidase OmAGAL2 in planteose hydrolysis during seed germination of Orobanche minor. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1992-2004. [PMID: 34850875 PMCID: PMC8982430 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Root parasitic weeds of the Orobanchaceae, such as witchweeds (Striga spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.), cause serious losses in agriculture worldwide, and efforts have been made to control these parasitic weeds. Understanding the characteristic physiological processes in the life cycle of root parasitic weeds is particularly important to identify specific targets for growth modulators. In our previous study, planteose metabolism was revealed to be activated soon after the perception of strigolactones in germinating seeds of O. minor. Nojirimycin inhibited planteose metabolism and impeded seed germination of O. minor, indicating a possible target for root parasitic weed control. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of planteose in dry seeds of O. minor by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging. Planteose was detected in tissues surrounding-but not within-the embryo, supporting its suggested role as a storage carbohydrate. Biochemical assays and molecular characterization of an α-galactosidase family member, OmAGAL2, indicated that the enzyme is involved in planteose hydrolysis in the apoplast around the embryo after the perception of strigolactones, to provide the embryo with essential hexoses for germination. These results indicate that OmAGAL2 is a potential molecular target for root parasitic weed control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okazawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Atsuya Baba
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Hikaru Okano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tokunaga
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Nakaue
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
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White ARF, Mendez JA, Khosla A, Nelson DC. Rapid analysis of strigolactone receptor activity in a Nicotiana benthamiana dwarf14 mutant. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e389. [PMID: 35355884 PMCID: PMC8948499 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
DWARF14 (D14) is an ɑ/β-hydrolase and receptor for the plant hormone strigolactone (SL) in angiosperms. Upon SL perception, D14 works with MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) to trigger polyubiquitination and degradation of DWARF53(D53)-type proteins in the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE (SMXL) family. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate knockout alleles of the two homoeologous D14 genes in the Nicotiana benthamiana genome. The Nbd14a,b double mutant had several phenotypes that are consistent with the loss of SL perception in other plants, including increased axillary bud outgrowth, reduced height, shortened petioles, and smaller leaves. A ratiometric fluorescent reporter system was used to monitor degradation of SMXL7 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSMXL7) after transient expression in N. benthamiana and treatment with the strigolactone analog GR24. AtSMXL7 was degraded after treatment with GR245DS, which has the stereochemical configuration of natural SLs, as well as its enantiomer GR24 ent-5DS. In Nbd14a,b leaves, AtSMXL7 abundance was unaffected by rac-GR24 or either GR24 stereoisomer. Transient coexpression of AtD14 with the AtSMXL7 reporter in Nbd14a,b restored the degradation response to rac-GR24, but required an active catalytic triad. We used this platform to evaluate the ability of several AtD14 mutants that had not been characterized in plants to target AtSMXL7 for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. F. White
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jose A. Mendez
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aashima Khosla
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - David C. Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
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6
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Okazawa A, Samejima H, Kitani S, Sugimoto Y, Ohta D. Germination stimulatory activity of bacterial butenolide hormones from Streptomyces albus J1074 on seeds of the root parasitic weed Orobanche minor. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2021; 46:242-247. [PMID: 34135687 PMCID: PMC8175218 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d21-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Damage caused by Orobanchaceae root parasitic weeds is a substantial agricultural problem for global food security. Many studies have been conducted to establish practical methods of control, but efforts are still required for successful management. Seed germination of root parasitic weeds requires host-derived germination stimulants including strigolactones (SLs). Studies on SLs have revealed that a butenolide ring is the essential moiety for SL activity as a germination stimulant. Interestingly, recent studies have revealed that butenolide hormones regulate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and mediate communication in actinomycete bacteria. Because of the structural similarity between SLs and the bacterial butenolides, we evaluated the germination stimulatory activity of butenolides isolated from Streptomyces albus J1074 on root parasitic weeds. These butenolides were found to specifically induce seed germination of Orobanche minor. Our findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms of germination stimulant perception and to the development of a method for their biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okazawa
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599–8531, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Samejima
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kitani
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599–8531, Japan
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7
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Nelson DC. The mechanism of host-induced germination in root parasitic plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1353-1373. [PMID: 33793958 PMCID: PMC8133615 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemical signals known as strigolactones (SLs) were discovered more than 50 years ago as host-derived germination stimulants of parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae. Strigolactone-responsive germination is an essential adaptation of obligate parasites in this family, which depend upon a host for survival. Several species of obligate parasites, including witchweeds (Striga, Alectra spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche, Phelipanche spp.), are highly destructive agricultural weeds that pose a significant threat to global food security. Understanding how parasites sense SLs and other host-derived stimulants will catalyze the development of innovative chemical and biological control methods. This review synthesizes the recent discoveries of strigolactone receptors in parasitic Orobanchaceae, their signaling mechanism, and key steps in their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
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Kalia VC, Gong C, Patel SKS, Lee JK. Regulation of Plant Mineral Nutrition by Signal Molecules. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040774. [PMID: 33917219 PMCID: PMC8068062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes operate their metabolic activities at a unicellular level. However, it has been revealed that a few metabolic activities only prove beneficial to microbes if operated at high cell densities. These cell density-dependent activities termed quorum sensing (QS) operate through specific chemical signals. In Gram-negative bacteria, the most widely reported QS signals are acylhomoserine lactones. In contrast, a novel QS-like system has been elucidated, regulating communication between microbes and plants through strigolactones. These systems regulate bioprocesses, which affect the health of plants, animals, and human beings. This mini-review presents recent developments in the QS and QS-like signal molecules in promoting plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (V.C.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
| | - Chunjie Gong
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
| | - Sanjay K. S. Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (V.C.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (V.C.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Yang T, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhou L, Chen M, Bian Z, Lian Y, Xuan L, Yuan G, Wang X, Wang C. AtHSPR is involved in GA- and light intensity-mediated control of flowering time and seed set in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3543-3559. [PMID: 32157303 PMCID: PMC7475253 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is a dynamic and synchronized process, the timing of which is finely tuned by various environmental signals. A T-DNA insertion mutant in Arabidopsis HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN-RELATED (AtHSPR) exhibited late-flowering phenotypes under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions compared to the wild-type, while over-expression of AtHSPR promoted flowering. Exogenous application of gibberellin (GA) partially rescued the late-flowering mutant phenotype under both LD and SD conditions, suggesting that AtHSPR is involved in GA biosynthesis and/or the GA signaling that promotes flowering. Under SD or low-light conditions, the Athspr mutant exhibited late flowering together with reduced pollen viability and seed set, defective phenotypes that were partially rescued by GA treatment. qRT-PCR assays confirmed that GA biosynthetic genes were down-regulated, that GA catabolic genes were up-regulated, and that the levels of bioactive GA and its intermediates were decreased in Athspr under both SD and low-light/LD, further suggesting that AtHSPR could be involved in the GA pathway under SD and low-light conditions. Furthermore, AtHSPR interacted in vitro with OFP1 and KNAT5, which are transcriptional repressors of GA20ox1 in GA biosynthesis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that AtHSPR plays a positive role in GA- and light intensity-mediated regulation of flowering and seed set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengya Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuke Lian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Xuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Chemical synthesis and characterization of a new quinazolinedione competitive antagonist for strigolactone receptors with an unexpected binding mode. Biochem J 2019; 476:1843-1856. [PMID: 31186286 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are multifunctional plant hormones regulating essential physiological processes affecting growth and development. In vascular plants, SLs are recognized by α/β hydrolase-fold proteins from the D14/DAD2 (Dwarf14/Decreased Apical Dominance 2) family in the initial step of the signaling pathway. We have previously discovered that N-phenylanthranilic acid derivatives (e.g. tolfenamic acid) are potent antagonists of SL receptors, prompting us to design quinazolinone and quinazolinedione derivatives (QADs and QADDs, respectively) as second-generation antagonists. Initial in silico docking studies suggested that these compounds would bind to DAD2, the petunia SL receptor, with higher affinity than the first-generation compounds. However, only one of the QADs/QADDs tested in in vitro assays acted as a competitive antagonist of SL receptors, with reduced affinity and potency compared with its N-phenylanthranilic acid 'parent'. X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that the binding mode of the active QADD inside DAD2's cavity was not that predicted in silico, highlighting a novel inhibition mechanism for SL receptors. Despite a ∼10-fold difference in potency in vitro, the QADD and tolfenamic acid had comparable activity in planta, suggesting that the QADD compensates for lower potency with increased bioavailability. Altogether, our results establish this QADD as a novel lead compound towards the development of potent and bioavailable antagonists of SL receptors.
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11
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Kolbert Z. Strigolactone-nitric oxide interplay in plants: The story has just begun. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:487-497. [PMID: 29479710 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Both strigolactones (SLs) and nitric oxide (NO) are regulatory signals with diverse roles during plant development and stress responses. This review aims to discuss the so far available data regarding SLs-NO interplay in plant systems. The majority of the few articles dealing with SL-NO interplay focuses on the root system and it seems that NO can be an upstream negative regulator of SL biosynthesis or an upstream positive regulator of SL signaling depending on the nutrient supply. From the so far published results it is clear that NO modifies the activity of target proteins involved in SL biosynthesis or signaling which may be a physiologically relevant interaction. Therefore, in silico analysis of NO-dependent posttranslational modifications in SL-related proteins was performed using computational prediction tools and putative NO-target proteins were specified. The picture is presumably more complicated, since also SL is able to modify NO levels. As a confirmation, author detected NO levels in different organs of max1-1 and max2-1 Arabidopsis and compared to the wild-type these mutants showed enhanced NO levels in their root tips indicating the negative effect of endogenous SLs on NO metabolism. Exogenous SL analogue-triggered NO production seems to contradict the results of the genetic study, which is an inconsistency should be taken into consideration in the future. In the coming years, the link between SL and NO signaling in further physiological processes should be examined and the possibilities of NO-dependent posttranslational modifications of SL biosynthetic and signaling proteins should be looked more closely.
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12
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Xiao G, Zhao P, Zhang Y. A Pivotal Role of Hormones in Regulating Cotton Fiber Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:87. [PMID: 30838005 PMCID: PMC6382683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is the main source of renewable fiber in the world and is primarily used for textile production. Cotton fibers are single cells differentiated from the ovule epidermis and are an excellent model system for studying cell elongation, polyploidization, and cell wall biosynthesis. Plant hormones, which are present in relatively low concentrations, play important roles in various developmental processes, and recently, multiple reports have revealed the pivotal roles of hormones in regulating cotton fiber development. For example, exogenous application of hormones has been shown to promote the initiation and growth of fiber cells. However, a comprehensive understanding about phytohormone regulating fiber development is still unknown. Here, we focus on recent advances in elucidating the roles of multiple phytohormones in the control of fiber development, namely auxin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid, ethylene, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and strigolactones. We not only review the identification of genes involved in hormone biosynthetic and signaling pathways but also discuss the mechanisms of these phytohormones in regulating the initiation and elongation of fiber cells in cotton. Auxin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and strigolactones play positive roles in fiber development, whereas cytokinin and abscisic acid inhibit fiber growth. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the role of phytohormones in cotton fiber development that will serve as the basis for further elucidation of the mechanisms by which plant hormones regulate fiber growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Xiao,
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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Wang Z, Xu W, Kang J, Li M, Huang J, Ke Q, Kim HS, Xu B, Kwak SS. Overexpression of alfalfa Orange gene in tobacco enhances carotenoid accumulation and tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:613-622. [PMID: 30121513 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional Orange (Or) protein plays crucial roles in carotenoid homeostasis, photosynthesis stabilization, and antioxidant activity in plants under various abiotic stress conditions. The Or gene has been cloned in several crops but not in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa is widely cultivated across the world; however, its cultivation is largely limited by various abiotic stresses, including drought. In this study, we isolated the Or gene from alfalfa (MsOr) cv. Xinjiang Daye. The amino acid sequence of the deduced MsOr protein revealed that the protein contained two trans-membrane domains and a DnaJ cysteine-rich zinc finger domain, and showed a high level of similarity with the Or protein of other plants species. The MsOr protein was localized in leaf chloroplasts of tobacco. The expression of MsOr was the highest in mature leaves and was significantly induced by abiotic stresses, especially drought. To perform functional analysis of the MsOr gene, we overexpressed MsOr gene in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, transgenic tobacco lines showed higher carotenoid accumulation and increased tolerance to various abiotic stresses, including drought, heat, salt, and methyl viologen-mediated oxidative stress. Additionally, contents of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were lower in the transgenic lines than in WT plants, suggesting superior membrane stability and antioxidant capacity of TOR lines under multiple abiotic stresses. These results indicate the MsOr gene as a potential target for the development of alfalfa cultivars with enhanced carotenoid content and tolerance to multiple environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weizhou Xu
- College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiyue Kang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingbo Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Bingcheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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Jia KP, Baz L, Al-Babili S. From carotenoids to strigolactones. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2189-2204. [PMID: 29253188 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are phytohormones that regulate various plant developmental and adaptation processes. When released into soil, strigolactones act as chemical signals, attracting symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and inducing seed germination in root-parasitic weeds. Strigolactones are carotenoid derivatives, characterized by the presence of a butenolide ring that is connected by an enol ether bridge to a less conserved second moiety. Carotenoids are isopenoid pigments that differ in structure, number of conjugated double bonds, and stereoconfiguration. Genetic analysis and enzymatic studies have demonstrated that strigolactones originate from all-trans-β-carotene in a pathway that involves the all-trans-/9-cis-β-carotene isomerase DWARF27 and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 and 8 (CCD7, 8). The CCD7-mediated, regiospecific and stereospecific double-bond cleavage of 9-cis-β-carotene leads to a 9-cis-configured intermediate that is converted by CCD8 via a combination of reactions into the central metabolite carlactone. By catalyzing repeated oxygenation reactions that can be coupled to ring closure, CYP711 enzymes convert carlactone into tricyclic-ring-containing canonical and non-canonical strigolactones. Modifying enzymes, which are mostly unknown, further increase the diversity of strigolactones. This review explores carotenogenesis, provides an update on strigolactone biosynthesis, with emphasis on the substrate specificity and reactions catalyzed by the different enzymes, and describes the regulation of the biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Peng Jia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The Bioactives Lab, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Baz
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The Bioactives Lab, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The Bioactives Lab, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Hamiaux C, Drummond RSM, Luo Z, Lee HW, Sharma P, Janssen BJ, Perry NB, Denny WA, Snowden KC. Inhibition of strigolactone receptors by N-phenylanthranilic acid derivatives: Structural and functional insights. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29523686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The strigolactone (SL) family of plant hormones regulates a broad range of physiological processes affecting plant growth and development and also plays essential roles in controlling interactions with parasitic weeds and symbiotic fungi. Recent progress elucidating details of SL biosynthesis, signaling, and transport offers many opportunities for discovering new plant-growth regulators via chemical interference. Here, using high-throughput screening and downstream biochemical assays, we identified N-phenylanthranilic acid derivatives as potent inhibitors of the SL receptors from petunia (DAD2), rice (OsD14), and Arabidopsis (AtD14). Crystal structures of DAD2 and OsD14 in complex with inhibitors further provided detailed insights into the inhibition mechanism, and in silico modeling of 19 other plant strigolactone receptors suggested that these compounds are active across a large range of plant species. Altogether, these results provide chemical tools for investigating SL signaling and further define a framework for structure-based approaches to design and validate optimized inhibitors of SL receptors for specific plant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Hamiaux
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand,
| | - Revel S M Drummond
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hui Wen Lee
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Prachi Sharma
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bart J Janssen
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nigel B Perry
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand, and
| | - William A Denny
- the Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand,
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Samejima H, Sugimoto Y. Recent research progress in combatting root parasitic weeds. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1420427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Samejima
- Division of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Liu G, Pfeifer J, de Brito Francisco R, Emonet A, Stirnemann M, Gübeli C, Hutter O, Sasse J, Mattheyer C, Stelzer E, Walter A, Martinoia E, Borghi L. Changes in the allocation of endogenous strigolactone improve plant biomass production on phosphate-poor soils. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:784-798. [PMID: 29083039 PMCID: PMC5765447 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived phytohormones shaping plant architecture and inducing the symbiosis with endomycorrhizal fungi. In Petunia hybrida, SL transport within the plant and towards the rhizosphere is driven by the ABCG-class protein PDR1. PDR1 expression is regulated by phytohormones and by the soil phosphate abundance, and thus SL transport integrates plant development with nutrient conditions. We overexpressed PDR1 (PDR1 OE) to investigate whether increased endogenous SL transport is sufficient to improve plant nutrition and productivity. Phosphorus quantification and nondestructive X-ray computed tomography were applied. Morphological and gene expression changes were quantified at cellular and whole tissue levels via time-lapse microscopy and quantitative PCR. PDR1 OE significantly enhanced phosphate uptake and plant biomass production on phosphate-poor soils. PDR1 OE plants showed increased lateral root formation, extended root hair elongation, faster mycorrhization and reduced leaf senescence. PDR1 overexpression allowed considerable SL biosynthesis by releasing SL biosynthetic genes from an SL-dependent negative feedback. The increased endogenous SL transport/biosynthesis in PDR1 OE plants is a powerful tool to improve plant growth on phosphate-poor soils. We propose PDR1 as an as yet unexplored trait to be investigated for crop production. The overexpression of PDR1 is a valuable strategy to investigate SL functions and transport routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Liu
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Johannes Pfeifer
- Institute of Agricultural SciencesETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 2Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Rita de Brito Francisco
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Aurelia Emonet
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire VégétaleFaculté de Biologie et MédecineBiophoreLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Marina Stirnemann
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Christian Gübeli
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Olivier Hutter
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Sasse
- Carnegie Institution for Science1530 P Street NWWashingtonDC20005USA
| | - Christian Mattheyer
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt am MainTheodor‐W.‐Adorno‐Platz 1Frankfurt am Main60323Germany
| | - Ernst Stelzer
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt am MainTheodor‐W.‐Adorno‐Platz 1Frankfurt am Main60323Germany
| | - Achim Walter
- Institute of Agricultural SciencesETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 2Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
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Shu K, Yang W. E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: Ubiquitous Actors in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Responses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1461-1476. [PMID: 28541504 PMCID: PMC5914405 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the precise regulatory mechanisms of plant development and stress responses at the post-translational level is currently a topic of intensive research. Protein ubiquitination, including the sequential performances of ubiquitin-activating (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) and ubiquitin ligase (E3) enzymes, is a refined post-translational modification ubiquitous in all eukaryotes. Plants are an integral part of our ecosystem and, as sessile organisms, the ability to perceive internal and external signals and to adapt well to various environmental challenges is crucial for their survival. Over recent decades, extensive studies have demonstrated that protein ubiquitination plays key roles in multiple plant developmental stages (e.g. seed dormancy and germination, root growth, flowering time control, self-incompatibility and chloroplast development) and several abiotic stress responses (e.g. drought and high salinity), by regulating the abundance, activities or subcellular localizations of a variety of regulatory polypeptides and enzymes. Importantly, diverse E3 ligases are involved in these regulatory pathways by mediating phytohormone and light signaling or other pathways. In this updated review, we mainly summarize recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory roles of protein ubiquitination in plant development and plant-environment interactions, and primarily focus on different types of E3 ligases because they play critical roles in determining substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shu
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Corresponding authors: Kai Shu, E-mail, ; Wenyu Yang, E-mail,
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Corresponding authors: Kai Shu, E-mail, ; Wenyu Yang, E-mail,
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20
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Waters MT. From little things big things grow: karrikins and new directions in plant development. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:373-385. [PMID: 32480571 DOI: 10.1071/fp16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins are a family of compounds generated via the incomplete combustion of plant matter. Since their discovery as seed germination stimulants in 2004, a great deal has been learned about the chemistry and the biological mode of action of karrikins. Much interest and progress have stemmed from the structural similarity of karrikins to that of strigolactones - the shoot branching hormone. This review will provide a historical account of some of the more significant discoveries in this area of plant biology. It will discuss how the study of these abiotic signalling molecules, combined with advances in our understanding of strigolactones, has led us towards the discovery of new mechanisms that regulate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Email
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Ma N, Hu C, Wan L, Hu Q, Xiong J, Zhang C. Strigolactones Improve Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, and Alleviate Oxidative Stress under Salinity in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) by Regulating Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1671. [PMID: 29021800 PMCID: PMC5623956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a very important edible oil crop in the world, and the production is inhibited by abiotic stresses, such as salinity. Plant hormones can alleviate the stress by regulating the physiological processes and gene expression. To study the plant responses to salinity in combination with GR24, a synthesized strigolactone, the oilseed rape variety (Zhongshuang 11) replications were grown in the pots in a controlled growth chamber under three levels of salinity (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) and 0.18 μM GR24 treatments at the seedling stage for 7 days. The results showed that salinity depressed the shoots and roots growth, whereas GR24 improved the growth under salt stress. Leaf chlorophyll contents and gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate) were also reduced significantly with increasing salinity, and these effects could be partially reversed by GR24 application. Additionally, GR24 treatment significantly increased and decreased the photosystem II quantum yield and non-photochemical quenching, respectively, under salinity stress conditions. The activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased, and lipid peroxidation measured by the level of malondialdehyde reduced due to GR24 application. The transcriptome analysis of root and shoot was conducted. Three hundred and forty-two common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after GR24 treatment and 166 special DEGs after GR24 treatment under salinity stress were identified in root and shoot. The DEGs in root were significantly more than that in shoot. Quantitative PCR validated that the stress alleviation was mainly related to the gene expression of tryptophan metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Ma
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ni Ma, Chunlei Zhang,
| | - Chao Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlan Xiong
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ni Ma, Chunlei Zhang,
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