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Diallo TH, Nana Yeboah F, Djafarou Boubacar R, Faraj R, Boui-Issoui K, sidi Mhamed ES, El Ghiati H, Diallo ID, Mouine N, Benyass A. Severe pulmonary hypertension associated with hypothyroidism and mixed aortic valve disease: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2024; 12:2050313X241237405. [PMID: 38476569 PMCID: PMC10929027 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x241237405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a condition characterised by elevated pulmonary arterial pressures secondary to various aetiologies; the most common ones are left heart diseases. Similarly, an association between thyroid diseases and pulmonary hypertension has been reported in some cases, but the pathophysiological relationship has not been fully elucidated. Etiological investigation is an important step in the management of pulmonary hypertension and determines the appropriate treatment. In this report, we present a case of severe pulmonary hypertension in a 57-year-old woman, in which mixed aortic valve disease and hypothyroidism were involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno Hamidou Diallo
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Clinical cardiology department, Cardiology Center, Mohammed V Military Instruction Hospital of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Frederick Nana Yeboah
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Clinical cardiology department, Cardiology Center, Mohammed V Military Instruction Hospital of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Raynatou Djafarou Boubacar
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Clinical cardiology department, Cardiology Center, Mohammed V Military Instruction Hospital of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Raid Faraj
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Clinical cardiology department, Cardiology Center, Mohammed V Military Instruction Hospital of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Keltoum Boui-Issoui
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Clinical cardiology department, Cardiology Center, Mohammed V Military Instruction Hospital of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ely Sidi sidi Mhamed
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Clinical cardiology department, Cardiology Center, Mohammed V Military Instruction Hospital of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hanaa El Ghiati
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Clinical cardiology department, Cardiology Center, Mohammed V Military Instruction Hospital of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ibrahima Dokal Diallo
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Radiology, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Najat Mouine
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Clinical cardiology department, Cardiology Center, Mohammed V Military Instruction Hospital of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aatif Benyass
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco
- Clinical cardiology department, Cardiology Center, Mohammed V Military Instruction Hospital of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Stoicescu L, Crişan D, Morgovan C, Avram L, Ghibu S. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Pathophysiological Mechanisms behind the Clinical Phenotypes and the Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:794. [PMID: 38255869 PMCID: PMC10815792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is an increasingly frequent form and is estimated to be the dominant form of HF. On the other hand, HFpEF is a syndrome with systemic involvement, and it is characterized by multiple cardiac and extracardiac pathophysiological alterations. The increasing prevalence is currently reaching epidemic levels, thereby making HFpEF one of the greatest challenges facing cardiovascular medicine today. Compared to HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the medical attitude in the case of HFpEF was a relaxed one towards the disease, despite the fact that it is much more complex, with many problems related to the identification of physiopathogenetic mechanisms and optimal methods of treatment. The current medical challenge is to develop effective therapeutic strategies, because patients suffering from HFpEF have symptoms and quality of life comparable to those with reduced ejection fraction, but the specific medication for HFrEF is ineffective in this situation; for this, we must first understand the pathological mechanisms in detail and correlate them with the clinical presentation. Another important aspect of HFpEF is the diversity of patients that can be identified under the umbrella of this syndrome. Thus, before being able to test and develop effective therapies, we must succeed in grouping patients into several categories, called phenotypes, depending on the pathological pathways and clinical features. This narrative review critiques issues related to the definition, etiology, clinical features, and pathophysiology of HFpEF. We tried to describe in as much detail as possible the clinical and biological phenotypes recognized in the literature in order to better understand the current therapeutic approach and the reason for the limited effectiveness. We have also highlighted possible pathological pathways that can be targeted by the latest research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurențiu Stoicescu
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); or (D.C.); or (L.A.)
- Cardiology Department, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Crişan
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); or (D.C.); or (L.A.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Morgovan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Lucreţia Avram
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); or (D.C.); or (L.A.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Steliana Ghibu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Bayram Z, Dogan C, Efe SC, Karagoz A, Guvendi B, Uysal S, Aktas RB, Akbal OY, Yilmaz F, Tokgoz HC, Kirali MK, Kaymaz C, Ozdemir N. Effect of Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension Subgroups on Outcomes: Impact of the Updated Definition of Pulmonary Hypertension. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 31:508-519. [PMID: 34756531 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of end-stage heart failure (ESHF) and associated with increased mortality. The definition of PH has recently been changed from a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPm) ≥25 mmHg to a PAPm >20 mmHg. Since this change, there are no data evaluating group 2 PH subgroups on outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of updated group 2 PH subgroups on outcomes, as well as to evaluate the clinical, echocardiographic, and haemodynamic characteristics of subgroups, and determine predictors of PH in patients with ESHF. METHOD A total of 416 patients with ESHF with left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤25% were divided into three groups. Pulmonary hypertension was defined as PAPm >20 mmHg. Primary outcome was defined as left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, urgent heart transplantation (HT), or death. Secondary outcome was defined as LVAD implantation and HT. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 503.5 days, combined pre- and postcapillary PH (Cpc-PH) displayed greater risk of primary outcome than those with isolated postcapillary (Ipc-PH) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-1.91; p<0.001) and those with no PH (HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.68-3.63; p<0.001). Patients with Ipc-PH demonstrated greater risk than those with no PH (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.57-1.90; p<0.001). Likelihood ratios of updated PH criteria and old PH criteria (PAPm ≥25 mmHg) in identifying primary outcome were 75.6 (R2=0.179) and 72.09 (R2=0.164). Patients with PAPm 21-24 mmHg had a higher primary outcome than those with PAPm ≤20 mmHg. Severe mitral regurgitation, LVEF, grade 3 diastolic dysfunction, diabetes, and cardiac output were predictors of PH. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary hypertension increases the risk of LVAD, urgent HT, or death, and Cpc-PH further increases risk in patients with ESHF. Compared to the previous definition, a new PH definition better discriminates death, going to urgent HT, or LVAD implantation for PH subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubeyde Bayram
- Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kartal, Istanbul.
| | - Cem Dogan
- Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kartal, Istanbul
| | | | - Ali Karagoz
- Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kartal, Istanbul
| | - Busra Guvendi
- Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kartal, Istanbul
| | - Samet Uysal
- Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kartal, Istanbul
| | - Ravza Betul Aktas
- Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kartal, Istanbul
| | - Ozgur Yasar Akbal
- Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kartal, Istanbul
| | - Fatih Yilmaz
- Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kartal, Istanbul
| | | | | | - Cihangir Kaymaz
- Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kartal, Istanbul
| | - Nihal Ozdemir
- Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kartal, Istanbul
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Bhattacharya PT, Hameed AMA, Bhattacharya ST, Chirinos JA, Hwang WT, Birati EY, Menachem JN, Chatterjee S, Giri JS, Kawut SM, Kimmel SE, Mazurek JA. Risk factors for 30-day readmission in adults hospitalized for pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020966889. [PMID: 33282194 PMCID: PMC7686634 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020966889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Readmissions for pulmonary hypertension are poorly understood and understudied.
We sought to determine national estimates and risk factors for 30-day
readmission after pulmonary hypertension-related hospitalizations. We utilized
the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Readmission Database,
which has weighted estimates of roughly 35 million discharges in the US. Adult
patients with primary International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision,
Clinical Modification diagnosis codes of 416.0 and 416.8 for primary and
secondary pulmonary hypertension with an index admission between 2012 and 2014
and any readmission within 30 days of the index event were identified.
Predictors of 30-day readmission were identified using multivariable logistic
regression with adjustment for covariates. Results showed that the national
estimate for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension vs Secondary Pulmonary
Hypertension-related index events between 2012 and 2014 with 30-day readmission
was 247 vs 2550 corresponding to a national readmission risk estimate of 17% vs
18.3%, respectively. The presence of fluid and electrolyte disorders, renal
failure, and alcohol abuse were associated with increased risk of readmission in
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension, while factors associated with Secondary
Pulmonary Hypertension readmissions included anemia, congestive heart failure,
lung disease, fluid and electrolyte disorders, renal failure, diabetes, and
liver disease. The median cost of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension admissions and
readmissions were $46,132 (IQR: $25,384–$85,647) and $41,604.50 (IQR:
$22,481.50–$84,420.50), respectively. The median costs of Secondary Pulmonary
Hypertension admissions and readmissions were $34,893 (IQR: $19,670–$66,143) and
$36,279 (IQR: $19,059–$74,679), respectively. In conclusion, approximately 19%
of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension and Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension
hospitalizations result in 30-day readmission, with significant costs accrued
during the index hospitalization and readmission. With evolving clinical
terminology and diagnostic codes, future study will need to better clarify
underlying factors associated with readmissions amongst pulmonary hypertension
sub-types, and identify methods and procedures to minimize readmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka T Bhattacharya
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Asif M Abdul Hameed
- Department of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Julio A Chirinos
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edo Y Birati
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan N Menachem
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Saurav Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, St Francis Hospital of the University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Jay S Giri
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven M Kawut
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen E Kimmel
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy A Mazurek
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Sara JDS, Maor E, Borlaug B, Lewis BR, Orbelo D, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Non-invasive vocal biomarker is associated with pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231441. [PMID: 32298301 PMCID: PMC7162478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that noninvasive voice biomarker analysis is associated with coronary artery disease. We recently showed that a vocal biomarker was associated with hospitalization and heart failure in patients with heart failure. We evaluate the association between a vocal biomarker and invasively measured indices of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Patients were referred for an invasive cardiac hemodynamic study between January 2017 and December 2018, and had their voices recorded on three separate occasions to their smartphone prior to each study. A pre-established vocal biomarker was determined based on each individual recording. The intra-class correlation co-efficient between the separate voice recording biomarker values for each individual participant was 0.829 (95% CI 0.740-0.889) implying very good agreement between values. Thus, the mean biomarker was calculated for each patient. Patients were divided into two groups: high pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) defined as ≥ 35 mmHg (moderate or greater PH), versus lower PAP. Eighty three patients, mean age 61.6 ± 15.1 years, 37 (44.6%) male, were included. Patients with a high mean PAP (≥ 35 mmHg) had on average significantly higher values of the mean voice biomarker compared to those with a lower mean PAP (0.74 ± 0.85 vs. 0.40 ± 0.88 p = 0.046). Multivariate logistic regression showed that an increase in the mean voice biomarker by 1 unit was associated with a high PAP, odds ratio 2.31, 95% CI 1.05-5.07, p = 0.038. This study shows a relationship between a noninvasive vocal biomarker and an invasively derived hemodynamic index related to PH obtained during clinically indicated cardiac catheterization. These results may have important practical clinical implications for telemedicine and remote monitoring of patients with heart failure and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskanwal Deep Singh Sara
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Elad Maor
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Barry Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Bradley R. Lewis
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Diana Orbelo
- Divison of Laryngology, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Lliach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
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7
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Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to left-sided heart disease (Group 2 PH) is a frequent complication of heart failure (HF) and is a heterogeneous phenotypic disorder that worsens exercise capacity, increases risk for hospitalization and survival independent of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or stage of HF. Areas covered: In this review, an update of the current knowledge and some potential challenges about the pathophysiology and treatments of group 2 PH in patients with HF of either preserved or reduced ejection fraction are provided. Also, this review discusses the epidemiology and provides hints for the optimal evaluation and diagnosis of these patients to prevent misclassification of their pulmonary hypertension. Expert opinion: There are many of areas lacking knowledge and understanding in the field of pulmonary hypertension associated to left heart disease (PH-LHD) that should be addressed in the future. Further research should be performed, in terms of pathobiology, and understanding the predisposition (genetic susceptibility and contributing factors) of the different phenotypes of this disorder. More clinical trials targeting new therapeutic options and specific PH therapies are warranted to help this increasing important patient group as the current guidelines recommend to only treat the underlying left-sided heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Zolty
- a Medical Center College of Medicine , University of Nebraska , Omaha , NE , USA
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8
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Tempe DK. The Complexity of Pulmonary Hypertension and Its Prognostic Importance in Patients With Valvular Heart Disease. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:683-685. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Seo HS, Lee H. Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Pulmonary Hypertension with Multimodality Imaging. J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 26:189-200. [PMID: 30607386 PMCID: PMC6310752 DOI: 10.4250/jcvi.2018.26.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as resting mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mmHg and is caused by multiple etiologies including heart, lung or other systemic diseases. Evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function in PH is very important to plan treatment and determine prognosis. However, quantification of volume and function of the RV remains difficult due to complicated RV geometry. A number of imaging tools has been utilized to diagnose PH and assess RV function. Each imaging technique including conventional echocardiography, three-dimensional echocardiography, strain echocardiography, computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has-advantages and limitations and can provide unique information. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the utility, advantages and shortcomings of the multimodality imaging used to evaluate patients with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Seo
- Department of Cardiology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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10
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Abstract
Pulmonary vascular diseases are associated with several factors including infection, cigarette smoking, abuse of dietary suppressants and drugs, prolonged exposure to high altitude, and other causes which in part induce significant oxidative stress resulting in endothelial cell injury, apoptosis, hyperproliferation, and vaso-occlusive disease. Maintenance of normal endothelial cell function is a critical role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and physiologic nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the vascular wall. eNOS expression and activity is regulated by the membrane-associated scaffolding protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the main protein constituent of caveolae. This chapter summarizes the literature and highlights unanswered questions related to how inflammation-associated oxidative stress affects Cav-1 expression and regulatory functions, and how dysregulated eNOS enzymatic activity promotes endothelial dysfunction. Focus is given to how the conversion of eNOS from a NO-producing enzyme to a transient oxidant-generating system is associated twith Cav-1 depletion, endothelial cell injury, and pulmonary vascular diseases. Importantly, the vascular defects observed in absence of Cav-1 that give rise to injured or hyperproliferative endothelial cells and promote remodeled vasculature can be rescued by "re-coupling," inhibiting, or genetically deleting eNOS, supporting the notion that strict control of Cav-1 expression and eNOS activity and signaling is critical for maintaining pulmonary vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen D S Oliveira
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Kumarasinghe G, Jain P, Jabbour A, Lai J, Keogh AM, Kotlyar E, Jansz P, Macdonald PS, Hayward CS. Comparison of continuous-flow ventricular assist device therapy with intensive medical therapy in fixed pulmonary hypertension secondary to advanced left heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 5:695-702. [PMID: 29573567 PMCID: PMC6073035 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Both ventricular assist device (VAD) and pulmonary vasodilator therapy have been shown in uncontrolled studies to improve pulmonary hypertension secondary to advanced left heart failure (Group 2 PH). This study aimed to compare haemodynamic benefits and survival in patients with fixed Group 2 PH treated with continuous‐flow VAD to intensive medical therapy. Methods and results Ninety‐five patients listed for heart transplantation with sequential right heart catheters were studied, 24 patients having fixed Group 2 PH (as defined by cardiac index < 2.8 L/min/m2, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure > 15 mmHg, and transpulmonary gradient ≥ 15 mmHg or pulmonary vascular resistance > 3.0 WU, unresponsive to vasodilator challenge). Ten patients received VAD therapy, and 14 patients received standard heart failure therapy with or without sildenafil, nitrates, or endothelin receptor antagonists. At repeat right heart catheterization, patients treated with VAD therapy demonstrated significant improvement in both transpulmonary gradient (19 vs. 12 mmHg, P = 0.046) and pulmonary vascular resistance (6.5 vs. 2.9 WU, P = 0.003) compared with baseline, while those treated with medical therapy did not (20.9 vs. 20.3 mmHg and 6.5 vs. 6.4 WU, P = NS for both). Patients who received VAD therapy were significantly more likely to achieve normalized transpulmonary gradient (8/10 vs. 4/14, P = 0.013) and were more likely to be listed for orthotopic heart transplantation (7/10 vs. 4/14, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of all‐cause mortality. Conclusions Continuous‐flow VAD therapy more effectively reverses fixed Group 2 PH compared with medical therapy alone and may allow a higher rate of listing for orthotopic heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Kumarasinghe
- Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Pankaj Jain
- Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Jabbour
- Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Lai
- Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne M Keogh
- Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Eugene Kotlyar
- Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Jansz
- Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter S Macdonald
- Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher S Hayward
- Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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Bigna JJ, Noubiap JJ, Nansseu JR, Aminde LN. Prevalence and etiologies of pulmonary hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:183. [PMID: 29221480 PMCID: PMC5723068 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the recent increasing worldwide attention towards pulmonary hypertension (PH), its epidemiology remains poorly described in Africa. Accordingly, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of PH prevalence, incidence and etiologies in Africa. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, African Journals Online, and Africa Index Medicus. Published observational studies until September 20, 2017, including adult participants residing in Africa were considered. Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed included studies for methodological quality, and extracted data. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the χ 2 test on Cochrane's Q statistic which is quantified by I2 values. Using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, we considered a score of 0-4, 5-7, and 8-10 as indicative of high, moderate, and low risk of bias in included studies, respectively. RESULTS Of 1611 entries, 25 studies were retained. Twelve (48%), seven (28%), and six (24%) papers had respectively a low, moderate and high risk of bias. The prevalence of PH widely varied across different populations: 9.8% (95% confidence interval: 3.2-19.3; I2 = 99.4%; 6 studies) in 11,163 people presenting with cardiac complaints; 10.6% (4.3-19.1; I2 = 90.3%; 4 studies) in 937 HIV-infected people; 32.9% (17.6-50.4; I2 = 97.2%; 3 studies) in 2077 patients with heart failure; 23.2% (15.2-32.2; I2 = 59.4%; 3 studies) in 248 patients on hemodialysis; 12.9% (11.8-14.0; I2 = 79.7%; 2 studies) in 3750 patients with rheumatic heart disease; 36.9% (29.7-44.3; I2 = 79.7; 2 studies) in 79 patients with sickle cell disease; 62.7% (49.0-74.7; 1 study) in 51 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; 25.4% (16.3-37.3; 1 study) in 63 patients with systemic lupus erythematous; 68.7% (62.8-74.1; 1 study) in 259 patients with cardiac surgery; and 7.4% (4.6-11.9; 1 study) in 202 patients with systemic sclerosis. No study reported PH incidence. From one international study (n = 209), PH etiologies were: left heart disease (68.9%), pulmonary arterial hypertension (15.8%), lung disease and/or hypoxia (12.0%), chronic thromboembolic PH (1.9%) and unclear/multifactorial PH (15.8%). CONCLUSION The prevalence of PH is relatively high in some populations in Africa, perhaps mainly driven by left heart diseases, highlighting the need for context-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Joel Bigna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jobert Richie Nansseu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Sickle Cell Disease Unit, Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Leopold Ndemnge Aminde
- Clinical Research Education, Networking and Consultancy (CRENC), Douala, Cameroon
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Brunner NW, Yue SF, Stub D, Ye J, Cheung A, Leipsic J, Lauck S, Dvir D, Perlman G, Htun N, Fahmy P, Prakash R, Eng L, Ong K, Tsang M, Cairns JA, Webb JG, Wood DA. The prognostic importance of the diastolic pulmonary gradient, transpulmonary gradient, and pulmonary vascular resistance in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 90:1185-1191. [PMID: 28471090 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between markers of precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) and survival in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). BACKGROUND The importance of precapillary PH has been sparsely investigated in patients undergoing TAVR. It may prove an important risk factor for poor outcomes. METHODS We identified patients at our institution undergoing TAVR with a baseline right heart catheterization (RHC) demonstrating PH. We evaluated the association between markers of precapillary PH and survival including the diastolic pulmonary gradient (DPG), transpulmonary gradient (TPG), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). A multivariable analysis was performed using Cox Proportional Hazards Models, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) on echocardiography. RESULTS We identified 133 patients with PH on RHC. Of these 111 had low DPG and 22 had high DPG. All 3 markers of precapillary PH were associated with worse survival post TAVR, with OR of 2.1 (95% CI 1.1-3.9, P = 0.02), 3.4 (95% CI 1.8-6.4, P < 0.001) and 2.5 (95% CI 1.4-4.5, P = 0.003) for high DPG, TPG, and PVR, respectively. On multivariable analysis, both TPG and PVR remained predictors of worse survival, with OR of 3.4 (95% CI 1.7-6.9, P = 0.001) and 2.5 (95% CI 1.4-4.5, P = 0.003). Echocardiographic PASP and DPG were not predictive of survival. CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing TAVR, parameters of precapillary PH are associated with lower survival, and provide incremental prognostication over echocardiographic PASP. RHC should continue to play an important role in risk stratification prior to TAVR. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Brunner
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Su Fei Yue
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dion Stub
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jian Ye
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anson Cheung
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathon Leipsic
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sandra Lauck
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Danny Dvir
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gidon Perlman
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nay Htun
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Fahmy
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roshan Prakash
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lim Eng
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Ong
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Tsang
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John A Cairns
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John G Webb
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David A Wood
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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14
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Rezaee ME, Nichols EL, Sidhu M, Brown JR. Combined Post- and Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Heart Failure. Clin Cardiol 2016; 39:658-664. [PMID: 27768231 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a well-recognized complication of left ventricular heart failure (HF). HYPOTHESIS Differences exist in demographic, clinical, hemodynamic, and survival characteristics of patients with left ventricular HF who have combined postcapillary and precapillary PH (CpcPH), isolated postcapillary PH, or no PH. METHODS A secondary data analysis was conducted using a large prospective database of patients undergoing right heart catheterization from 1994 to 2012. One-year mortality postcatheterization was assessed between PH groups using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank techniques, as well as a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mortality rates were calculated for each group as deaths per 100 person-years. RESULTS Of the 724 patients identified, 29.4% (n = 213) had no evidence of PH, 63.1% (n = 457) had isolated postcapillary PH, and 7.5% (n = 54) had CpcPH. Compared with no PH, there was an increased mortality rate within 1 year for CpcPH patients (crude hazard ratio: 5.22, 95% confidence interval: 2.06-13.22), but not for isolated postcapillary PH patients (crude hazard ratio: 2.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.99-4.57). Adjusted analyses revealed similar results. Mortality rates per 100 person-years were 3.9, 8.4, and 21.0 for no PH, isolated postcapillary PH, and CpcPH patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Heart failure patients with CpcPH are associated with increased death rate 1 year post-cardiac catheterization, compared with patients without PH. They are a high-risk PH group and should be evaluated and diagnosed earlier in the disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Rezaee
- Internal Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan.,The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Elizabeth L Nichols
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Mandeep Sidhu
- Division of Cardiology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
| | - Jeremiah R Brown
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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15
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Modafinil improves monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension rat model. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:119-27. [PMID: 26959484 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) progressively leads to increases in pulmonary vasoconstriction. Modafinil plays a role in vasorelaxation and blocking KCa3.1 channel with a result of elevating intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects on modafinil in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat. METHODS The rats were separated into three groups: the control group, the monocrotaline (M) group (MCT 60 mg/kg), and the modafinil (MD) group (MCT 60 mg/kg + modafinil). RESULTS Reduced right ventricular pressure (RVP) was observed in the MD group. Right ventricular hypertrophy was improved in the MD group. Reduced number of intra-acinar pulmonary arteries and medial wall thickness were noted in the MD group. After the administration of modafinil, protein expressions of endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin receptor A (ERA) and KCa3.1 channel were significantly reduced. Modafinil suppressed pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation via cAMP and KCa3.1 channel. Additionally, we confirmed protein expressions such as Bcl-2-associated X, vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were reduced in the MD group. CONCLUSION Modafinil improved PAH by vasorelaxation and a decrease in medial thickening via ET-1, ERA, and KCa3.1 down regulation. This is a meaningful study of a modafinil in PAH model.
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16
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Xie DJ, Jiang X, Zhang FF, Chen SL. Pulmonary artery denervation for treatment of a patient with pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart disease. Pulm Circ 2016; 6:240-3. [PMID: 27252851 PMCID: PMC4869929 DOI: 10.1086/685550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) predicts poor outcome in patients with left heart disease. A 62-year-old man was referred for heart failure associated with ischemic cardiomyopathy. He received a diagnosis of combined postcapillary and precapillary PH secondary to left heart disease on the basis of hemodynamic parameters. After the pulmonary artery denervation procedure was performed, hemodynamic parameters were markedly improved, which resulted in a significant increase in functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Juan Zhang
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Du-Jiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Fu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Samson R, Jaiswal A, Ennezat PV, Cassidy M, Le Jemtel TH. Clinical Phenotypes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002477. [PMID: 26811159 PMCID: PMC4859363 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Samson
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular InstituteTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | - Abhishek Jaiswal
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular InstituteTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | - Pierre V. Ennezat
- Department of CardiologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de GrenobleGrenoble Cedex 09France
| | - Mark Cassidy
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular InstituteTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | - Thierry H. Le Jemtel
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular InstituteTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
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18
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Giannoni A, Raglianti V, Mirizzi G, Taddei C, Del Franco A, Iudice G, Bramanti F, Aimo A, Pasanisi E, Emdin M, Passino C. Influence of central apneas and chemoreflex activation on pulmonary artery pressure in chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2016; 202:200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Madhavan S, Goverdhan Dutt P, Kumar Singh Thingnam S, Rohit MK, Jayant A. Perioperative Follow-Up of Patients With Severe Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Secondary to Left Heart Disease: A Single Center, Prospective, Observational Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015; 29:1524-32. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with left heart disease (PH-LHD) is the most common type of PH, but its natural history is not well understood. PH-LHD is diagnosed by right heart catheterisation with a mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥25 mmHg and a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure >15 mmHg. The primary causes of PH-LHD are left ventricular dysfunction of systolic and diastolic origin, and valvular disease. Prognosis is poor and survival rates are low. Limited progress has been made towards specific therapies for PH-LHD, and management focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the disease with supportive therapies, surgery and pharmacological treatments. Clinical trials of therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with PH-LHD have thus far been limited and have provided disappointing or conflicting results. Robust, long-term clinical studies in appropriate target populations have the potential to improve the outlook for patients with PH-LHD. Herein, we discuss the knowledge gaps in our understanding of PH-LHD, and describe the current unmet needs and challenges that are faced by clinicians when identifying and managing patients with this disease. Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease is associated with multiple unmet medical needshttp://ow.ly/TFET8
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21
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Using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate cardiac function and predict outcomes in patients with valvular heart disease. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2015; 10:63-7. [PMID: 25628254 DOI: 10.1097/imi.0000000000000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In valvular heart disease, elevated left atrial and pulmonary pressures contribute to right ventricular strain and, ultimately, right ventricle failure. Elevated pulmonary artery (PAP) and left ventricular end diastolic pressures are used as markers of right ventricle dysfunction and correlate with poor outcomes. Using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), it is possible to directly quantify both left and right ventricular ejection function (LVEF and RVEF), and here, we compare CMR with traditional markers as outcome predictors. METHODS A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed for patients from January 2004 to February 2008 at a single center (n = 103). Patients were divided into those receiving CMR (n = 56) and those receiving only catheterization (n = 47). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to determine predictors of mortality. Finally, predictive models for mortality using PAP, mean PAP, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure were compared to models using LVEF and RVEF obtained from CMR. RESULTS Preoperative average CMR LVEF and RVEF were 57% and 46%, respectively. Only age emerged as an isolated predictor of mortality (P = 0.01) within the univariate models. Stepwise regression models were created using the catheterization or CMR data. When compared, the CMR model has a slightly better R, c (prediction accuracy), and sensitivity/specificity (0.22 vs 0.28, 0.77 vs 0.82, and 0.63/0.62 vs 0.69/0.64, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Within our population, LVEF and RVEF predict mortality as least as well as traditional catheterization values. Additionally, CMR may identify of elevated PAPs caused by right ventricle dysfunction and those due to other causes, allowing these other causes to be addressed preoperatively.
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Raza F, Alkhouli M, Rogers F, Vaidya A, Forfia P. Case series of 5 patients with end-stage renal disease with reversible dyspnea, heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension related to arteriovenous dialysis access. Pulm Circ 2015; 5:398-406. [PMID: 26064467 DOI: 10.1086/681266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with arteriovenous dialysis access (AVDA) can develop symptoms of heart failure and pulmonary hypertension (PH). We report on 5 patients with ESRD and AVDA who presented with shortness of breath, heart failure, and PH. All patients had partial or complete closure of AVDA and were reevaluated after AVDA revision. All 5 subjects had clinical and echocardiographic evidence of heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and PH at baseline. After complete closure ([Formula: see text]) or partial banding ([Formula: see text]) of AVDA, mean New York Heart Association class improved from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). Mean 6-minute walk distance improved from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] m ([Formula: see text]). Serial echocardiography revealed a decrease in the right ventricle∶left ventricle ratio from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) and improved diastolic dysfunction parameters. On right heart catheterization before definitive AVDA revision, acute manual fistula or graft occlusion led to an average decrease in cardiac output of 1.1 L/min with no other changes in hemodynamics: [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] L/min ([Formula: see text]). However, the average decrease in cardiac output after definitive revision of the AVDA (mean, 90 days) was 4.0 L/min with marked improvements in biventricular filling pressures and pulmonary artery pressure. In patients with ESRD and AVDA presenting with heart failure and PH, revision or closure of AVDA can markedly improve dyspnea as well as the clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic manifestations of heart failure and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Raza
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohamad Alkhouli
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frances Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Heart Failure Program, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anjali Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Center, Pulmonary Hypertension and Heart Failure-Cardiac Transplant Program, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul Forfia
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Heart Failure Program, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Prognostic Significance and Determinants of the 6-Min Walk Test in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2015; 3:459-466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Fernandes AMS, Andrade AC, Barroso ND, Borges IC, Carvalho-Andrade D, Rodrigues ES, Guimarães LC, Durães AR, Borges SM, Aras R. The immediate effect of sildenafil on right ventricular function in patients with heart failure measured by cardiac magnetic resonance: a randomized control trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119623. [PMID: 25793988 PMCID: PMC4368670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have demonstrated that phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition is associated with right ventricle (RV) functional improvement in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. This study aims to demonstrate the immediate impact of Sildenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, on RV function, measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), in patients with heart failure (HF). Methods We conducted a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of HF functional class I-III; left ventricle ejection fraction < 35%. Patients underwent CMR evaluation and were then equally randomly assigned to either 50 mg of Sildenafil or Placebo groups. One hour following drug administration, they were submitted to a second scan examination. Results 26 patients were recruited from a tertiary reference center in Brazil and 13 were allocated to each study group. The median age was 61.5 years (50–66.5 years). Except for the increase in RV fractional area change following the administration of sildenafil (Sildenafil [before vs. after]: 34.3 [25.2–43.6]% vs. 42.9 [28.5–46.7]%, p = 0.04; Placebo [before vs. after]: 28.1 [9.2–34.8]% vs. 29.2 [22.5–38.8]%, p = 0.86), there was no statistically significant change in parameters. There was no improvement in left ventricular parameters or in the fractional area change of the pulmonary artery. Conclusion This study demonstrated that a single dose of Sildenafil did not significantly improve RV function as measured by the CMR. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01936350
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Igor Carmo Borges
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Ana Neri, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Erenaldo S. Rodrigues
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Ana Neri, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sirlene Mendes Borges
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Ana Neri, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roque Aras
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Ana Neri, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
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Emerson DA, Amdur RL, Morrissette JR, Mordini FE, Nagy CD, Greenberg MD, Trachiotis GD. Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate Cardiac Function and Predict Outcomes in Patients with Valvular Heart Disease. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/155698451501000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A. Emerson
- Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington, DC, USA
- Divisions of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard L. Amdur
- Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Christian D. Nagy
- Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington, DC, USA
- Cardiology, The George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael D. Greenberg
- Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington, DC, USA
- Cardiology, The George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gregory D. Trachiotis
- Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Verbrugge FH, Dupont M, Bertrand PB, Nijst P, Grieten L, Dens J, Verhaert D, Janssens S, Tang WHW, Mullens W. Pulmonary vascular response to exercise in symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 17:320-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik H. Verbrugge
- Department of Cardiology; Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg; Schiepse Bos 6 3600 Genk Belgium
- Doctoral school for Medicine and Life Sciences; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Matthias Dupont
- Department of Cardiology; Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg; Schiepse Bos 6 3600 Genk Belgium
| | - Philippe B. Bertrand
- Department of Cardiology; Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg; Schiepse Bos 6 3600 Genk Belgium
- Doctoral school for Medicine and Life Sciences; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Petra Nijst
- Department of Cardiology; Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg; Schiepse Bos 6 3600 Genk Belgium
- Doctoral school for Medicine and Life Sciences; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Lars Grieten
- Department of Cardiology; Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg; Schiepse Bos 6 3600 Genk Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Joseph Dens
- Department of Cardiology; Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg; Schiepse Bos 6 3600 Genk Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - David Verhaert
- Department of Cardiology; Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg; Schiepse Bos 6 3600 Genk Belgium
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; University Hospital Gasthuisberg; KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland OH USA
| | - Wilfried Mullens
- Department of Cardiology; Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg; Schiepse Bos 6 3600 Genk Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
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Santos-Martínez LE, Baranda-Tovar FM, Telona-Fermán E, Barragán-García R, Calderón-Abbo MC. [Inhaled iloprost, a selective pulmonary vasodilator. Clinical evidence from its use in perioperative pulmonary hypertension cardiovascular surgery]. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2014; 85:136-44. [PMID: 25450429 DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled iloprost is one of the most recent drugs from prostanoids group's in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. His place in pulmonary hypertension seen in the perioperative cardiovascular surgery has not been defined. In this review we analyze pulmonary hypertension group's susceptibles of cardiac surgery and its importance, besides the current clinical evidence from drug use in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Efren Santos-Martínez
- Departamento de Hipertensión Pulmonar y Función Ventricular Derecha, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Cardiología del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), México DF, México; Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia (SSA), Departamento de Cuidados Intensivos Posquirúrgicos Cardiovasculares, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, SSA, México DF, México.
| | - Francisco Martín Baranda-Tovar
- Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia (SSA), Departamento de Cuidados Intensivos Posquirúrgicos Cardiovasculares, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, SSA, México DF, México
| | - Eslí Telona-Fermán
- Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia (SSA), Departamento de Anestesiología Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, SSA, México DF, México
| | - Rodolfo Barragán-García
- Sub-Dirección de Especialidades Médico-Quirúrgicas, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, SSA, México DF, México
| | - Moisés Cutiel Calderón-Abbo
- Dirección General, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Cardiología del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), México DF, México
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Mohammed SF, Hussain I, AbouEzzeddine OF, Abou Ezzeddine OF, Takahama H, Kwon SH, Forfia P, Roger VL, Redfield MM. Right ventricular function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a community-based study. Circulation 2014; 130:2310-20. [PMID: 25391518 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.008461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and clinical significance of right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction (RVD) in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are not well characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive, prospectively identified HFpEF (Framingham HF criteria, ejection fraction ≥50%) patients (n=562) from Olmsted County, Minnesota, underwent echocardiography at HF diagnosis and follow-up for cause-specific mortality and HF hospitalization. RV function was categorized by tertiles of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and by semiquantitative (normal, mild RVD, or moderate to severe RVD) 2-dimensional assessment. Whether RVD was defined by semiquantitative assessment or tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion ≤15 mm, HFpEF patients with RVD were more likely to have atrial fibrillation, pacemakers, and chronic diuretic therapy. At echocardiography, patients with RVD had slightly lower left ventricular ejection fraction, worse diastolic dysfunction, lower blood pressure and cardiac output, higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and more severe RV enlargement and tricuspid valve regurgitation. After adjustment for age, sex, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and comorbidities, the presence of any RVD by semiquantitative assessment was associated with higher all-cause (hazard ratio=1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.77; P=0.03) and cardiovascular (hazard ratio=1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-2.80; P=0.006) mortality and higher first (hazard ratio=1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-2.90; P=0.0006) and multiple (hazard ratio=1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-2.78; P=0.007) HF hospitalization rates. RVD defined by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion values showed similar but weaker associations with mortality and HF hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS In the community, RVD is common in HFpEF patients, is associated with clinical and echocardiographic evidence of more advanced HF, and is predictive of poorer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma F Mohammed
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (S.F.M., I.H., O.F.A.E., H.T., S.H.K., V.L.R., M.M.R.), Mayo Graduate School (S.F.M.), and Department of Health Sciences Research (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (P.F.).
| | - Imad Hussain
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (S.F.M., I.H., O.F.A.E., H.T., S.H.K., V.L.R., M.M.R.), Mayo Graduate School (S.F.M.), and Department of Health Sciences Research (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (P.F.)
| | | | - Omar F Abou Ezzeddine
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (S.F.M., I.H., O.F.A.E., H.T., S.H.K., V.L.R., M.M.R.), Mayo Graduate School (S.F.M.), and Department of Health Sciences Research (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (P.F.)
| | - Hiroyuki Takahama
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (S.F.M., I.H., O.F.A.E., H.T., S.H.K., V.L.R., M.M.R.), Mayo Graduate School (S.F.M.), and Department of Health Sciences Research (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (P.F.)
| | - Susan H Kwon
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (S.F.M., I.H., O.F.A.E., H.T., S.H.K., V.L.R., M.M.R.), Mayo Graduate School (S.F.M.), and Department of Health Sciences Research (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (P.F.)
| | - Paul Forfia
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (S.F.M., I.H., O.F.A.E., H.T., S.H.K., V.L.R., M.M.R.), Mayo Graduate School (S.F.M.), and Department of Health Sciences Research (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (P.F.)
| | - Véronique L Roger
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (S.F.M., I.H., O.F.A.E., H.T., S.H.K., V.L.R., M.M.R.), Mayo Graduate School (S.F.M.), and Department of Health Sciences Research (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (P.F.)
| | - Margaret M Redfield
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (S.F.M., I.H., O.F.A.E., H.T., S.H.K., V.L.R., M.M.R.), Mayo Graduate School (S.F.M.), and Department of Health Sciences Research (V.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (P.F.)
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Dzudie A, Kengne AP, Thienemann F, Sliwa K. Predictors of hospitalisations for heart failure and mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004843. [PMID: 25011987 PMCID: PMC4120416 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Left heart disease (LHD) is the main cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH), but little is known regarding the predictors of adverse outcome of PH associated with LHD (PH-LHD). We conducted a systematic review to investigate the predictors of hospitalisations for heart failure and mortality in patients with PH-LHD. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES PubMed MEDLINE and SCOPUS from inception to August 2013 were searched, and citations identified via the ISI Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION Studies that reported on hospitalisation and/or mortality in patients with PH-LHD were included if the age of participants was greater than 18 years and PH was diagnosed using Doppler echocardiography and/or right heart catheterisation. Two reviewers independently selected studies, assessed their quality and extracted relevant data. RESULTS In all, 45 studies (38 from Europe and USA) were included among which 71.1% were of high quality. 39 studies were published between 2003 and 2013. The number of participants across studies ranged from 46 to 2385; the proportion of men from 21% to 91%; mean/median age from 63 to 82 years; and prevalence of PH from 7% to 83.3%. PH was consistently associated with increased mortality risk in all forms of LHD, except for aortic valve disease where findings were inconsistent. Six of the nine studies with data available on hospitalisations reported a significant adverse effect of PH on hospitalisation risk. Other predictors of adverse outcome were very broad and heterogeneous including right ventricular dysfunction, functional class, left ventricular function and presence of kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS PH is almost invariably associated with increased mortality risk in patients with LHD. However, effects on hospitalisation risk are yet to be fully characterised; while available evidence on the adverse effects of PH have been derived essentially from Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastase Dzudie
- Douala General Hospital and Buea Faculty of Health Sciences, Douala, Cameroon
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cape Heart Group, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Dolenc J, Šebeštjen M, Vrtovec B, Koželj M, Haddad F. Pulmonary hypertension in patients with advanced heart failure is associated with increased levels of interleukin-6. Biomarkers 2014; 19:385-90. [PMID: 24831174 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.918654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Inflammatory, endothelial and neurohormonal biomarkers are involved in heart failure (HF) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To study these biomarkers in PH due to advanced HF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty adults with HF were included. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), endothelin-1 and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured in peripheral vein and pulmonary artery during right heart catheterisation. RESULTS IL-6, TNF-α, hsCRP and NT-proBNP correlated with pulmonary pressures independent of ventricular function, HF etiology and vascular bed. IL-6 was independent predictor of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Inflammatory biomarkers correlate to PH severity. IL-6 predicts sPAP in advanced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Dolenc
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
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31
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Hosseinian L. Pulmonary hypertension and noncardiac surgery: implications for the anesthesiologist. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:1064-74. [PMID: 24675000 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseinian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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Lundgren J, Algotsson L, Kornhall B, Rådegran G. Preoperative pulmonary hypertension and its impact on survival after heart transplantation. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2014; 48:47-58. [PMID: 24460475 DOI: 10.3109/14017431.2013.877153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease may impair outcome after heart transplantation (HT). To evaluate to what extent previous, and present, haemodynamic criteria discriminate the impact of pre-operative-PH on survival, we characterized the PH in our HT-patients according to ESC's guidelines, ISHLT's summary statement and ISHLT's relative contraindications and criteria for early risk of death after HT. DESIGN Records from the 215 HT-patients in Lund during 1988-2010 were reviewed. Subsequent analysis included adults (n = 94) evaluated with right-heart-catheterization at our lab, at rest before HT. End of follow-up was 30th of June 2012. RESULTS Survival (mean, n) did not differ (p = ns) for the 94 HT-patients; without (13.0 years, n = 28) or with (13.9 years, n = 66) PH, passive (13.8 years, n = 50) or reactive (12.2 years, n = 13) post-capillary-PH, "modified" passive (13.1 years, n = 40), mixed (16.6 years, n = 23), "modified" reactive (12.6 years, n = 7) or non-reactive (12.2 years, n = 8) post-capillary-PH; or for ISHLT's relative contraindications (12.0 years, n = 22) or increased risk of right-heart-failure and early death (16.5 years, n = 23) after HT. CONCLUSIONS As previous and present haemodynamic criteria did not sufficiently discriminate the impact of pre-operative-PH for survival after HT at our centre, larger multi-centre studies are encouraged to redefine criteria that may influence outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lundgren
- The Haemodynamic Lab, The Clinic for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
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33
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Brunner NW, Ramachandran K, Kudelko KT, Sung YK, Spiekerkoetter E, Yang PC, Zamanian RT, Perez VDJ. A case of recurrent pericardial constriction presenting with severe pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:436-9. [PMID: 24015347 PMCID: PMC3757841 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.114780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a relatively rare condition in which the pericardium becomes fibrotic and noncompliant, eventually resulting in heart failure due to impaired ventricular filling. The only curative treatment is pericardiectomy. Classically, CP does not usually cause severe pulmonary hypertension. When attempting to differentiate CP from restrictive cardiomyopathy, the presence of severely elevated pulmonary arterial pressure is used as a diagnostic criterion ruling against CP. We present a case of proven recurrent pericardial constriction following pericardiectomy presenting with severe pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Brunner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA ; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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35
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Thunberg CA, Gaitan BD, Grewal A, Ramakrishna H, Stansbury LG, Grigore AM. Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: Pathophysiology, Perioperative Management, and Outcomes. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2013; 27:551-72. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schmeisser A, Schroetter H, Braun-Dulleaus RC. Management of pulmonary hypertension in left heart disease. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 7:131-51. [DOI: 10.1177/1753944713477518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease is classified as group II according to the Dana Point classification, which includes left ventricular systolic and/or diastolic left heart failure, and left-sided valvular disease. PH due to left heart disease is the most common cause and when present, especially with right ventricular dysfunction, is associated with a worse prognosis. Left heart disease with secondary PH is associated with increased left atrial pressure, which causes a passive increase in pulmonary pressure. Passive PH could be superimposed by an active protective, and in some patients by an ‘out of proportion’, elevated precapillary pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodelling which leads to greater or lesser further increase of the pulmonary artery pressure. In this review, epidemiological and pathophysiologic mechanisms for the development of group II PH are summarized. The conflicting data about the haemodynamic and possible parameters to diagnose passive versus reactive and ‘out of proportion’ PH are presented. The different therapeutic concepts, along with novel treatment strategies, are reviewed in detail and critically discussed regarding their effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmeisser
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Magdeburg University, Leipziger Str.44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Schroetter
- Technical University Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Dresden, Germany
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Stein GY, Ben-Gal T, Kremer A, Bental T, Alon D, Korenfeld R, Yedidia I, Porter A, Abramson E, Sagie A, Fuchs S. Gender-related differences in hospitalized heart failure patients. Eur J Heart Fail 2013; 15:734-41. [PMID: 23419512 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The burden of heart failure (HF)-related hospitalization and mortality of female patients with HF is substantial. Currently, several gender-specific distinctions have been recognized amongst HF patients, but their relationships to outcomes have not been fully elucidated. Accordingly, in the current work, we aimed to explore gender-specific clinical and echocardiographic measures and to assess their potential impact on outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied all consecutive HF patients, aged 50 or older, who had been hospitalized between January 2000 and December 2009, and had undergone at least one echocardiography study. A comparative analysis of clinical and echocardiographic findings was performed between 5228 males and 4107 females. Patients were followed for a mean of 2.8 ± 2.6 years. Females compared with males had less ischaemic heart disease, prior stroke, chronic renal failure, and COPD, and higher rates of hypertension, AF, obesity, valvular abnormalities, and pulmonary hypertension. Unadjusted 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were higher among women, while age-adjusted rates were similar. Predictors of outcomes varied between genders. Female-specific predictors of mortality included aortic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, and malignancy, whereas diastolic dysfunction and chronic renal failure were found to be male-specific predictors. CONCLUSIONS Age-adjusted mortality rates of male and female hospitalized HF patients are similarly high. Predictors of mortality, however, are gender distinctive, and these measures may allow a better identification of high-risk HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Y Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine 'B', Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Lim HS. A clinical phenotype of adverse response to biventricular pacing: a case series. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2013; 36:410-5. [PMID: 23305297 DOI: 10.1111/pace.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biventricular pacing is an established therapy for patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and prolonged QRS duration. However, there are few reports on the adverse effects of biventricular pacing. METHODS Three patients who deteriorated rapidly following biventricular pacing (heart transplantation/ventricular assist device within 3 months of device implantation) were identified. The clinical, echocardiographic, and functional characteristics before and after device implantation were evaluated. The acute hemodynamic effects of biventricular pacing were assessed by cardiac catheterization. RESULTS Preimplant assessment showed biventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, and relatively narrow QRS duration. The time from device implantation to assessment was 62, 58, and 42 days. All three patients developed right bundle branch block (RBBB)-type QRS morphology, deterioration in right ventricular (RV) function, and functional capacity in association with rapid clinical decline. Acutely, biventricular pacing resulted in higher right atrial pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, lower cardiac output, and RV stroke work in all three patients. CONCLUSIONS A phenotype of adverse response to biventricular pacing is characterized by relatively narrow QRS duration, RV dysfunction, and pulmonary hypertension. Clinical decline is rapid and associated with the development of RBBB-type morphology, worsening of pulmonary hemodynamics, and RV dysfunction with biventricular pacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoong Sern Lim
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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40
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Zafrir B, Adir Y, Shehadeh W, Shteinberg M, Salman N, Amir O. The association between obesity, mortality and filling pressures in pulmonary hypertension patients; the “obesity paradox”. Respir Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure in heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: pathophysiology and natural history. Curr Opin Cardiol 2012; 27:273-80. [PMID: 22327289 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e3283512035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure are common findings in patients suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension related to heart failure. RECENT FINDINGS HFpEF is a clinical syndrome with increasing prevalence and a mortality rate similar to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Because the pathophysiology and even the definition of this disease are still controversial, we will first outline the current conceptual framework around heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Next, we will outline our current knowledge on the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension related to left ventricular failure and diastolic dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction induces pulmonary hypertension through passive transmission of elevated end diastolic pressures, reactive pulmonary vasoconstriction, and vascular remodeling. Eventually, right ventricular failure develops that can further potentiate left ventricular failure because of their close mechanical, cellular, and biochemical integration. SUMMARY Exciting new studies have led to an increased understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and indicate that pulmonary hypertension in heart failure may be treatable.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure (RVF) in left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This review presents an overview of the classification, pathophysiology, natural history, clinical features, prevention and treatment of this common clinical problem with a focus on the most recent studies. Many of the current evidence-based therapeutic agents for pulmonary hypertension in the absence of systolic or diastolic heart failure (e.g. prostaglandins, endothelin antagonists) are not efficacious in pulmonary hypertension with LVSD. RECENT FINDINGS Recent clinical evidence strongly supports an evolving role for phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition in patients with pulmonary hypertension and LVSD. Chronic PDE5 inhibition in the short-to-intermediate duration studies to date significantly reduces pulmonary pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), effects reverse right ventricle and left ventricle remodeling, improves ventilator efficiency, improves peak exercise capacity and improves quality of life in selected patients with stable, moderately symptomatic LVSD and pulmonary hypertension. SUMMARY Although long-term outcome studies are currently lacking, chronic PDE5 inhibition should be considered in carefully selected LVSD patients who manifest persistent significant elevation of pulmonary hypertension or PVR or uncontrolled RVF after aggressive management with all standard current evidence-based LVSD therapies (neurohormonal antagonists, diuretics and cardiac resynchronization in appropriate candidates).
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Ghio S, Bonderman D, Felix SB, Ghofrani HA, Michelakis ED, Mitrovic V, Oudiz RJ, Frey R, Roessig L, Semigran MJ. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction associated with pulmonary hypertension riociguat trial (LEPHT): rationale and design. Eur J Heart Fail 2012; 14:946-53. [PMID: 22719060 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to systolic left ventricular dysfunction (PH-sLVD) frequently complicates heart failure (HF), and greatly worsens the prognosis of patients with sLVD, but as yet has no approved treatment. The LEPHT study aims to characterize the haemodynamic profile, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of riociguat (BAY 63-2521), an oral stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase, in patients with PH-sLVD. METHODS AND RESULTS This 16-week, phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study enrols patients with PH-sLVD, defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP(mean)) ≥25 mmHg at rest. Patients using optimized HF medication will receive placebo or riociguat 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or up to 2 mg three times daily. The dose will be titrated for 8 weeks, based on systolic blood pressure and well-being, followed by 8 weeks of treatment at a stable dose. The primary efficacy variable is PAP(mean), while secondary efficacy endpoints include LVEF, exercise capacity, quality of life, and other haemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements. Safety and pharmacokinetics will also be assessed. After the 16-week study, patients will have the opportunity to be treated with riociguat in a long-term extension phase. CONCLUSION The LEPHT study will provide valuable information on the haemodynamic, echocardiographic, and preliminary clinical effects of riociguat in patients with PH-sLVD. Trial registration NCT01065454.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ghio
- Department of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University Hospital, Pavia, Italy
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Current Role of Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Hypertension. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012; 198:1320-31. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.11.7366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Novel therapies in acute and chronic heart failure. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 135:1-17. [PMID: 22475446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite past advances in the pharmacological management of heart failure, the prognosis of these patients remains poor, and for many, treatment options remain unsatisfactory. Additionally, the treatments and clinical outcomes of patients with acute decompensated heart failure have not changed substantially over the past few decades. Consequently, there is a critical need for new drugs that can improve clinical outcomes. In the setting of acute heart failure, new inotrops such as cardiac myosin activators and new vasodilators such as relaxin have been developed. For chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, there are several new approaches that target multiple pathophysiological mechanism including novel blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (direct renin inhibitors, dual-acting inhibitors of the angiotensin II receptor and neprilysin, aldosterone synthase inhibitors), ryanodine receptor stabilizers, and SERCA activators. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction represents a substantial therapeutic problem as no therapy has been demonstrated to improve symptoms or outcomes in this condition. Newer treatment strategies target specific structural and functional abnormalities that lead to increased myocardial stiffness. Dicarbonyl-breaking compounds reverse advanced glycation-induced cross-linking of collagen and improve the compliance of aged and/or diabetic myocardium. Modulation of titin-dependent passive tension can be achieved via phosphorylation of a unique sequence on the extensible region of the protein. This review describes the pathophysiological basis, mechanism of action, and available clinical efficacy data of drugs that are currently under development. Finally, new therapies for the treatment of heart failure complications, such as pulmonary hypertension and anemia, are discussed.
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Abstract
In pulmonary hypertension there is a discrepancy between the dramatic but unspecific clinical presentation and the remodeling of mostly only limited segments of the vascular compartment of pulmonary parenchyma. Clinical diagnosis relies for the most part on invasive procedures, such as right heart catheterization. Therefore, morphology can provide a reliable etiopathogenetic classification only in close cooperation with the clinical partner disciplines involved. Moreover, the histopathological approach requires intimate knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the lungs and assessment of the parenchyma to be able to diagnose pulmonary hypertension and differentiate between the various types.
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