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Gan Q, Song G, Fang W, Wang Y, Qi W. Fructose dose-dependently influences colon barrier function by regulation of some main physical, immune, and biological factors in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 126:109582. [PMID: 38242179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of fructose on colonic function. Here, forty-eight 7-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups and given 0, 7.5%, 12.75%, and 35% fructose in diet for 8 weeks respectively to investigate the regulatory influence of fructose on colonic barrier function. The exact amount of fructose intake was tracked and recorded. We showed that fructose affects colonic barrier function in a dose-dependent manner. High-fructose at a dose of 1.69±0.23 g/kg/day could damage the physical barrier function of the colon by down-regulating expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) and mucus layer biomarkers (MUC2 and TFF3). High fructose reduced sIgA and the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), induced abdominal fat accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8), leading to colon inflammation and immune barrier dysfunction. In addition, high-fructose altered the biological barrier of the colon by decreasing the abundance of Blautia, Ruminococcus, and Lactobacillius, and increasing the abundance of Allobaculum at the genus level, leading to a reduction in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), amino acids, and carbohydrates, etc. Low fructose at a dose of 0.31±0.05 g/kg/day showed no adverse effects on the colonic barrier. The ability of fructose to affect the colonic barrier through physical, immune, and biological pathways provides additional insight into the intestinal disorders caused by high-fructose diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Gan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China;; Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Qi
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China;; Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, China.
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Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Zhao W, Song F, Cao Y. Effects of Halloysite Nanotubes and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes on Kruppel-like Factor 15-Mediated Downstream Events in Mouse Hearts After Intravenous Injection. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:408-421. [PMID: 38411850 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are nanomaterials (NMs) derived from natural clays and have been considered as biocompatible NMs for biomedical uses. However, the cardiovascular toxicity of HNTs has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we compared the cardiotoxicity of HNTs and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), focusing on the changes in Kruppel-like factor (KLF)-mediated signaling pathways. Mice were intravenously injected with 50 µg NMs, once a day, for 5 days, and then mouse hearts were removed for experiments. While HNTs or MWCNTs did not induce obvious pathological changes, RNA-sequencing data suggested the alterations of KLF gene expression. We further confirmed an increase of Klf15 positive cells, accompanied by changes in Klf15-related gene ontology (GO) terms. We noticed that most of the changed GO terms are related with the regulation of gene expression, and we confirmed that the NMs increased myoneurin (Mynn) but decreased snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (Snai1), two transcription factors (TFs) related with Klf15. Besides, the changed GO terms also include metal ion binding and positive regulation of glucose import, and we verified an increase of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) and insulin receptor (Insr). However, HNTs and MWCNTs only showed minimal impact on cell death signaling pathways, and no increase in apoptotic sites was observed after NM treatment. We concluded that intravenous administration of HNTs and MWCNTs activated a protective TF, namely Klf15 in mouse aortas, to alter gene expression and signaling pathways related with metal ion binding and glucose import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yujia Cheng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Weichao Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Fengmei Song
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Dhokte S, Czaja K. Visceral Adipose Tissue: The Hidden Culprit for Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1015. [PMID: 38613048 PMCID: PMC11013274 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance in various tissues. Though conventionally associated with obesity, current research indicates that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is the leading determining factor, wielding more influence regardless of individual body mass. The heightened metabolic activity of VAT encourages the circulation of free fatty acid (FFA) molecules, which induce insulin resistance in surrounding tissues. Individuals most vulnerable to this preferential fat deposition are older males with ancestral ties to Asian countries because genetics and sex hormones are pivotal factors for VAT accumulation. However, interventions in one's diet and lifestyle have the potential to strategically discourage the growth of VAT. This illuminates the possibility that the expansion of VAT and, subsequently, the risk of T2D development are preventable. Therefore, by reducing the amount of VAT accumulated in an individual and preventing it from building up, one can effectively control and prevent the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Czaja
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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Pratt-Phillips S. Effect of Exercise Conditioning on Countering the Effects of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Horses-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:727. [PMID: 38473112 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important health concern in horses, along with humans and companion animals. Adipose tissue is an inflammatory organ that alters the insulin-signaling cascade, ultimately causing insulin dysregulation and impaired glucose metabolism. These disruptions can increase the risk of metabolic disease and laminitis in horses and may also impact energy metabolism during exercise. A single bout of exercise, along with chronic exercise conditioning, increases insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal via both contraction- and insulin-mediated glucose uptake pathways. Regular exercise also increases calorie expenditure, which can facilitate weight (as body fat) loss. This paper explores the metabolic pathways affected by adiposity, as well as discusses the impact of exercise on insulin metabolism in horses.
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Jafari A, Faghfouri AH, Nikpayam O. The effect of low-fructose diet on anthropometric and metabolic factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:281-293. [PMID: 38176960 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS In recent decades, there has been a rise in the consumption of sugars containing fructose, raising concerns about their association with metabolic disorders and obesity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of a low-fructose diet on anthropometric and metabolic variables. DATA SYNTHESIS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of low-fructose diets on anthropometric and metabolic factors. Relevant studies were identified by searching electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2023. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Ten trials with varying intervention durations (ranging from 4 to 24 weeks) and a total of 750 participants were included. The analysis revealed that a low-fructose diet had no significant effect on weight but did have a significant impact on body mass index (SMD = -0.2; 95 % CI: -0.37, -0.04, P = 0.017) and waist circumference (SMD = -0.48; 95 % CI: -0.67, -0.29, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, a low-fructose diet significantly affected systolic blood pressure (SMD = -0.24; 95 % CI: -0.39, -0.09, P = 0.002), fasting blood glucose (SMD = -0.23; 95 % CI: -0.40, -0.07, P = 0.005), hemoglobin A1c (SMD = -0.62; 95 % CI: -0.93, -0.31, P < 0.0001), and triglyceride levels (SMD = -0.17; 95 % CI: -0.33, -0.02, P = 0.028). However, it had no significant effect on diastolic blood pressure, insulin levels, or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Subgroup analysis indicated that a low-fructose diet had a greater effect on healthy participants aged over 50 years. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis results suggest that low-fructose diets significantly reduce body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and triglyceride levels. Additionally, the results of the current study suggest that a low-fructose diet may be more effective in healthy individuals who are older than 50 years old compared to those younger than 50 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Nutritional Health Team (NHT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Omid Nikpayam
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Chung HH. Integrative prediction of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease by endogenous fructose and related metabolism. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:213-214. [PMID: 37574651 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Hui Chung
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Trial Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Preventive Medicine Program, Center for General Education, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
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Qu D, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu B, Wen X, Feng Y, Chen R. New form of addiction: An emerging hazardous addiction problem of milk tea among youths. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:26-34. [PMID: 37625703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk tea has experienced tremendous growth in popularity in China, especially among youths. The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether milk tea addiction may have a detrimental impact on youths' mental health, such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Additionally, we aim to explore its potential role in influencing various mental health outcomes. METHODS A large-scale, cross-sectional study was conducted from 5281 college students in Beijing, China. Participants self-reported depressive, anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, and milk tea addiction symptoms including milk tea consumption, dependence, guilty feelings, withdrawal, tolerance, unable to stop, craving, and intention to stop. RESULTS Nearly 77 % of participants consumed milk tea at least 6-11 cups in the last year. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the one-factor structure of the milk tea addiction scale, developed according to DSM-5 substance use guidelines. Moreover, we found that a higher level of milk tea addiction was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression (b = 0.24, p < 0.001), anxiety (b = 0.21, p < 0.001), and suicidal ideation (b = 0.06, p < 0.001), respectively, after controlling confounding variables, among youths consuming milk tea. The possible mediating role of milk tea addiction between loneliness feelings and mental health outcomes was further addressed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings highlighted that milk tea consumption might lead to addiction, and it is associated with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Current findings can assist policymakers in developing regulations such as restricting advertising, providing psycho-education, establishing food hygiene standards for such a prosperous youth-dominant consumption industry while protecting their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyang Qu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Mental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China; Psychology Application Center for Enterprise and Society, School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, China.
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Yu B, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Tan X, Lu Y, Zhang K, Wang N. Associations of artificially sweetened beverages, sugar-sweetened beverages, and pure fruit/vegetable juice with visceral adipose tissue mass. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102871. [PMID: 37801867 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the associations of sugar-sweetened beverage, artificially sweetened beverage, and pure fruit/vegetable juice consumption with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass at baseline and follow-up and to determine whether BMI and genetic risk of VAT mass modified the associations. METHODS A total of 203,348 participants from UK Biobank with consumption data on three beverages were included. Participants were categorized into nonconsumers and consumers with >0-1, >1-2 and >2 L/week. A sex-specific prediction model was used to calculate VAT mass. A weighted genetic risk score for high VAT mass was calculated. RESULTS The participants with a sugar-sweetened beverage and artificially sweetened beverage consumption of >2 L/week had the greatest B values [B (95% CI): 24.02 (16.53, 31.51) and 60.81 (52.08, 69.54) in men, respectively; 10.20 (5.92, 14.48) and 24.72 (20.80, 28.64) in women]. Low and moderate intake of pure fruit/vegetable juices showed a significantly inverse association with VAT mass in men [-10.52 (-15.37, -5.67); -6.46 (-11.27, -1.65)] and women [-6.70 (-8.99, -4.41); -5.93 (-8.33, -3.54)]. Regarding changes in VAT mass, participants who consumed >2 L/week of sugar-sweetened beverages and artificially sweetened beverages had greater changes. BMI but not genetic risk modified the associations between beverage intake and VAT mass, which were strengthened in participants with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 for sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverage consumption. CONCLUSIONS Higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages or artificially sweetened beverages was associated with greater VAT mass regardless of genetic risk. Mild-to-moderate intake of pure fruit/vegetable juices was linked to lower VAT mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Hoffman SS, Liang D, Hood RB, Tan Y, Terrell ML, Marder ME, Barton H, Pearson MA, Walker DI, Barr DB, Jones DP, Marcus M. Assessing Metabolic Differences Associated with Exposure to Polybrominated Biphenyl and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Michigan PBB Registry. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:107005. [PMID: 37815925 PMCID: PMC10564108 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are persistent organic pollutants with potential endocrine-disrupting effects linked to adverse health outcomes. OBJECTIVES In this study, we utilize high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to identify internal exposure and biological responses underlying PCB and multigenerational PBB exposure for participants enrolled in the Michigan PBB Registry. METHODS HRM profiling was conducted on plasma samples collected from 2013 to 2014 from a subset of participants enrolled in the Michigan PBB Registry, including 369 directly exposed individuals (F0) who were alive when PBB mixtures were accidentally introduced into the food chain and 129 participants exposed to PBB in utero or through breastfeeding, if applicable (F1). Metabolome-wide association studies were performed for PBB-153 separately for each generation and Σ PCB (PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153, and PCB-180) in the two generations combined, as both had direct PCB exposure. Metabolite and metabolic pathway alterations were evaluated following a well-established untargeted HRM workflow. RESULTS Mean levels were 1.75 ng / mL [standard deviation (SD): 13.9] for PBB-153 and 1.04 ng / mL (SD: 0.788) for Σ PCB . Sixty-two and 26 metabolic features were significantly associated with PBB-153 in F0 and F1 [false discovery rate (FDR) p < 0.2 ], respectively. There were 2,861 features associated with Σ PCB (FDR p < 0.2 ). Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis using a bioinformatics tool revealed perturbations associated with Σ PCB in numerous oxidative stress and inflammation pathways (e.g., carnitine shuttle, glycosphingolipid, and vitamin B9 metabolism). Metabolic perturbations associated with PBB-153 in F0 were related to oxidative stress (e.g., pentose phosphate and vitamin C metabolism) and in F1 were related to energy production (e.g., pyrimidine, amino sugars, and lysine metabolism). Using authentic chemical standards, we confirmed the chemical identity of 29 metabolites associated with Σ PCB levels (level 1 evidence). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that serum PBB-153 is associated with alterations in inflammation and oxidative stress-related pathways, which differed when stratified by generation. We also found that Σ PCB was associated with the downregulation of important neurotransmitters, serotonin, and 4-aminobutanoate. These findings provide novel insights for future investigations of molecular mechanisms underlying PBB and PCB exposure on health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S. Hoffman
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert B. Hood
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Youran Tan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - M. Elizabeth Marder
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hillary Barton
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melanie A. Pearson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michele Marcus
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Zhuang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Fang Q, Zhang X, Song Y. The relationship between dietary patterns derived from inflammation and cognitive impairment in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1218592. [PMID: 37599702 PMCID: PMC10434788 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1218592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dietary patterns were shown to be closely related to inflammation, which was independently associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, it remains unclear the influence of dietary patterns derived from inflammation on CI in this population. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns derived from C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and CI in patients undergoing HD. Methods Dietary intake was obtained from the simplified quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Reduced rank regression (RRR) was used to extract two dietary patterns, with IL-6 and CRP as response variables. Cognitive function was examined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Beijing version). Venous blood was drawn for measuring IL-6 and CRP levels. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association between dietary patterns and CI. Results Dietary pattern derived from IL-6 was not significantly associated with CI. The third quartile of dietary pattern, which used CRP as the response variable, significantly contributed to the increased risk of CI (AOR 8.62, 95% CI 1.47-50.67) after controlling age, sex, education level, marital status, and residential pattern (p-for-trend = 0.028). After considering hypertension and diabetes, physical activity level, anxiety and depression, smoking and drinking status, social support, energy intake, and the dietary pattern derived from IL-6 (p-for-trend = 0.026), the relationship between the dietary pattern derived from CRP and CI remained significant (AOR 14.54, 95% CI 1.40-151.13). Conclusion Dietary pattern associated with high CRP level, including high intake of rice, liquor, fruit, tea and coffee and low intake of dark vegetables and juice, contributed to the increased risk of CI. The association between the consumption of seafood, sweet beverages, and alcohol and CI is yet to be established. However, they may be dietary contributing factors to inflammation in patients undergoing HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhuang
- Medical School (School of Nursing), Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinmei Wang
- Blood Purification Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanrui Zhang
- Medical School (School of Nursing), Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Medical School (School of Nursing), Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Medical School (School of Nursing), Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Song
- Medical School (School of Nursing), Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Guney C, Bal NB, Akar F. The impact of dietary fructose on gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal adiposity, insulin signaling and reproductive function. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18896. [PMID: 37636431 PMCID: PMC10447940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive intake of fructose in the regular human diet could be related to global increases in metabolic disorders. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks, mostly consumed by children, adolescents, and young adults, are the main source of added fructose. Dietary high-fructose can increase intestinal permeability and circulatory endotoxin by changing the gut barrier function and microbial composition. Excess fructose transports to the liver and then triggers inflammation as well as de novo lipogenesis leading to hepatic steatosis. Fructose also induces fat deposition in adipose tissue by stimulating the expression of lipogenic genes, thus causing abdominal adiposity. Activation of the inflammatory pathway by fructose in target tissues is thought to contribute to the suppression of the insulin signaling pathway producing systemic insulin resistance. Moreover, there is some evidence that high intake of fructose negatively affects both male and female reproductive systems and may lead to infertility. This review addresses dietary high-fructose-induced deteriorations that are obvious, especially in gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal fat accumulation, insulin signaling, and reproductive function. The recognition of the detrimental effects of fructose and the development of relevant new public health policies are necessary in order to prevent diet-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatma Akar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Prado Spalm FH, Cuervo Sánchez ML, Furland NE, Vallés AS. Lipid peroxidation and neuroinflammation: A possible link between maternal fructose intake and delay of acquisition of neonatal reflexes in Wistar female rats. Dev Neurobiol 2023; 83:167-183. [PMID: 37435772 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructose is a common sweetener found in the daily diet supplemented to many processed and ultra-processed foods and beverages. Consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages has drastically increased in the last decades and is widely associated with metabolic disease, systemic pro-inflammatory status, and adverse transgenerational effects. To date, the impact of maternal fructose intake in brain function of the offspring is less explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was first, to investigate adverse effects in developmental milestones of the progeny of mothers with metabolic syndrome (MetS), induced by ad libitum consumption of a 20% fructose solution, and second to identify possible molecular changes in the nervous system of the newborns associated with maternal fructose intake. Wistar rats were randomly separated into two groups with access to water or fructose (20% w/v in water) for 10 weeks. After MetS was confirmed, dams were mated with control males and continued drinking water or fructose solution during gestation. At postnatal day (PN) 1, a subgroup of offspring of each sex was sacrificed and brains were dissected for oxidative stress and inflammatory status analysis. Changes in the developmental milestones due to maternal fructose consumption were studied (PN3-PN21) in another subgroup of offspring. Sexually dimorphic effects were found on the progeny's acquisition of neurodevelopmental milestones, in brain lipid peroxidation, neuroinflammation, and antioxidative defensive response. Our results suggest that dams' MetS, induced by fructose intake, disrupts brain redox homeostasis in female offspring and affects sensorimotor brain circuitry which may have a translational value for studying neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo H Prado Spalm
- Nutrition and Neurodevelopmental Laboratory, INIBIBB-CONICET-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marié L Cuervo Sánchez
- Nutrition and Neurodevelopmental Laboratory, INIBIBB-CONICET-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Natalia E Furland
- Nutrition and Neurodevelopmental Laboratory, INIBIBB-CONICET-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ana S Vallés
- Nutrition and Neurodevelopmental Laboratory, INIBIBB-CONICET-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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13
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Della Corte K, Jalo E, Kaartinen NE, Simpson L, Taylor MA, Muirhead R, Raben A, Macdonald IA, Fogelholm M, Brand-Miller J. Longitudinal Associations of Dietary Sugars and Glycaemic Index with Indices of Glucose Metabolism and Body Fatness during 3-Year Weight Loss Maintenance: A PREVIEW Sub-Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2083. [PMID: 37432216 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary sugars are often linked to the development of overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) but inconsistencies remain. OBJECTIVE We investigated associations of added, free, and total sugars, and glycaemic index (GI) with indices of glucose metabolism (IGM) and indices of body fatness (IBF) during a 3-year weight loss maintenance intervention. DESIGN The PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World) study was a randomised controlled trial designed to test the effects of four diet and physical activity interventions, after an 8-week weight-loss period, on the incidence of T2D. This secondary observational analysis included pooled data assessed at baseline (8), 26, 52, 104 and 156 weeks from 514 participants with overweight/obesity (age 25-70 year; BMI ≥ 25 kg⋅m-2) and with/without prediabetes in centres that provided data on added sugars (Sydney and Helsinki) or free sugars (Nottingham). Linear mixed models with repeated measures were applied for IBF (total body fat, BMI, waist circumference) and for IGM (fasting insulin, HbA1c, fasting glucose, C-peptide). Model A was adjusted for age and intervention centre and Model B additionally adjusted for energy, protein, fibre, and saturated fat. RESULTS Total sugars were inversely associated with fasting insulin and C-peptide in all centres, and free sugars were inversely associated with fasting glucose and HbA1c (Model B: all p < 0.05). Positive associations were observed between GI and IGM (Model B: fasting insulin, HbA1c, and C-peptide: (all p < 0.01), but not for added sugars. Added sugar was positively associated with body fat percentage and BMI, and GI was associated with waist circumference (Model B: all p < 0.01), while free sugars showed no associations (Model B: p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that added sugars and GI were independently associated with 3-y weight regain, but only GI was associated with 3-y changes in glucose metabolism in individuals at high risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Della Corte
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elli Jalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina E Kaartinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liz Simpson
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Moira A Taylor
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Roslyn Muirhead
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ian A Macdonald
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennie Brand-Miller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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14
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Mert-Biberoğlu F, Erdem NZ, Özdenkaya Y, Özdemir EM, Saka B. Effects of Whey Protein, Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass on Body Weight, Biochemical Parameters and Organ Functions in an Obese Rat Model: Experimental Research. Obes Surg 2023; 33:1553-1563. [PMID: 36971930 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extreme obesity (EO) is one of the biggest public health problems in the world and has grown considerably over the years. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), whey protein (WP), and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation applied to EO rats on weight loss, histopathological changes in internal organs and biochemical alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar albino female rats (n = 28) were used in the study and randomly divided into four groups. All rats were made obese by adding high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) to their drinking water. After the EO, WP and omega-3 PUFA supplementation was given and RYGB process was applied. At the end of the study, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, AST, ALT and uric acid changes and liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues were evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS WP and omega-3 PUFA supplementation decreased body weight (p > 0.05). Omega-3 PUFA and RYGB caused a decrease in total cholesterol (p < 0.05), WP decreased HDL (p < 0.05), WP and omega-3 PUFA caused an increase in ALT (p < 0.05). WP has been shown to have greater curative effects in rat liver and kidney tissues. It has been determined that RYGB causes necrosis in the liver and HFCS causes inflammation in the kidney. CONCLUSION In the study; the positive effects of WP, omega-3 PUFA and bariatric surgery on obesity and dyslipidemia have been demonstrated. With this result, it was determined that WP, omega-3 PUFA supplementation and bariatric surgery were not superior to each other.
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15
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Soleimani M, Barone S, Luo H, Zahedi K. Pathogenesis of Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Fructose and Salt. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4294. [PMID: 36901725 PMCID: PMC10002086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is manifested by visceral obesity, hypertension, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinism, and dyslipidemia. According to the CDC, metabolic syndrome in the US has increased drastically since the 1960s leading to chronic diseases and rising healthcare costs. Hypertension is a key component of metabolic syndrome and is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality due to stroke, cardiovascular ailments, and kidney disease. The pathogenesis of hypertension in metabolic syndrome, however, remains poorly understood. Metabolic syndrome results primarily from increased caloric intake and decreased physical activity. Epidemiologic studies show that an enhanced consumption of sugars, in the form of fructose and sucrose, correlates with the amplified prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Diets with a high fat content, in conjunction with elevated fructose and salt intake, accelerate the development of metabolic syndrome. This review article discusses the latest literature in the pathogenesis of hypertension in metabolic syndrome, with a specific emphasis on the role of fructose and its stimulatory effect on salt absorption in the small intestine and kidney tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoocher Soleimani
- Research Services, New Mexico Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Sharon Barone
- Research Services, New Mexico Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Henry Luo
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Research Services, New Mexico Veterans Health Care Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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16
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Sukiasyan L. Fructose-Induced Alteration of the Heart and Vessels Homeostasis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101013. [PMID: 34637847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To date, the role of uncontrolled sugar consumption in the triggering and progression of cardiovascular events is undeniable. Modern concepts offer a new hypothesis regarding the direct myocardiotoxic effects of fructose. Experimental studies have demonstrated that cardiomyocytes have a unique ability to transport and use fructose along with the expression of all components involved in fructose metabolism. The purpose of this review article is to assess and analyze the available knowledge on fructose-induced cardiotoxicity detection since understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and pathobiochemical aspects will become the basis for the determination of a rational myocardioprotection regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Sukiasyan
- Yerevan State Medical University after M.Heratsi, Armenia; L. A. Orbeli Institute of Human Physiology, Armenia.
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17
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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Depressive Symptoms in a Mediterranean Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030504. [PMID: 36771211 PMCID: PMC9919031 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is currently under investigation for its potentially detrimental impact on human health. Current evidence demonstrates a substantial association with an increased risk of metabolic disorders, but data on mental health outcomes are just emerging. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the consumption of UPFs and depressive symptoms in a sample of younger Italian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 596 individuals (age 18-35 y) recruited in southern Italy. Food frequency questionnaires and the NOVA classification were used to assess dietary factors; the Center for the Epidemiological Studies of Depression Short Form (CES-D-10) was used to assess presence of depressive symptoms. Individuals in the highest quartile of UPF consumption had higher odds of having depressive symptoms in the energy-adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) = 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 3.28); the association remained significant after adjusting for potential confounding factors (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.04, 4.01) and became even stronger after further adjustment for adherence to the Mediterranean diet as a proxy of diet quality (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.32, 5.51). In conclusion, a positive association between UPF consumption and likelihood of having depressive symptoms was found in younger Italian individuals. Given the consistency of the findings after adjustment for diet quality, further studies are needed to understand whether non-nutritional factors may play a role in human neurobiology.
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18
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Differential Effect of Fructose in the Presence or Absence of Fatty Acids on Circadian Metabolism in Hepatocytes. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020138. [PMID: 36837757 PMCID: PMC9961817 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore whether fructose in the absence or presence of fatty acids modulates circadian metabolism in AML-12 hepatocytes. Fructose treatment under steatosis conditions (FruFA) led to fat synthesis resulting in increased triglycerides and cholesterol content. Fructose led to reduced activity of the AMPK and mTOR-signaling pathway. However, FruFA treatment led to inhibition of the AMPK signaling pathway but activation of the mTOR pathway. Fructose also increased the expression of inflammatory markers, whereas the addition of fatty acids dampened their circadian expression. At the clock level, fructose or FruFA altered the expression of the core clock. More specifically, fructose led to altered expression of the BMAL1-RORα-REV-ERBα axis, together with reduced phosphorylated BMAL1 levels. In conclusion, our results show that hepatocytes treated with fructose respond differently if fatty acids are present, leading to a differential effect on metabolism and circadian rhythms. This is achieved by modulating BMAL1 activity and expression.
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19
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Cooper DJ, Zarabi S, Farrand B, Becker A, Roslin M. Continuous glucose monitoring reveals similar glycemic variability in individuals with obesity despite increased HOMA-IR. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1070187. [PMID: 36570168 PMCID: PMC9769456 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1070187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Continuous glucose monitoring is a well-tolerated and versatile tool for management of diabetes and metabolic disease. While its use appears to be feasible to monitor glycemic profiles in diabetics, there is a paucity of data in individuals with obesity and normal glucose tolerance. The aim of this study is to investigate glucose fluctuations and insulin resistance patterns in normoglycemic participants with obesity vs. without obesity and contextualize these results against leading models for obesity. Materials and methods We designed a prospective, observational pilot study of two cohorts including 14 normoglycemic participants with obesity and 14 normoglycemic participants without obesity. Participants were monitored with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for five consecutive days. Insulin resistance levels were measured and glucometric data were extracted from CGM for all participants. Results Fasting serum insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in the group with obesity (P < 0.05). While the group with obesity had a higher mean blood glucose (MBG), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), and continuous overall glycemic action-1 h (CONGA-1), these differences were not significant. On univariate linear regression, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), cohort with obesity, cohort consuming a high glycemic diet, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting insulin levels. WC and fasting insulin levels remained predictors of HOMA-IR in our multivariable model. Conclusion While there is much excitement surrounding the use of commercial CGM products in obesity management, our results suggest that fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values may be more clinically useful than CGM data alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Cooper
- Department of Surgery, Northwell Health-Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, United States,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Dylan J. Cooper,
| | - Sharon Zarabi
- Department of Surgery, Northwell Health-Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brianna Farrand
- Northern Westchester Hospital, Mount Kisco, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Becker
- Northern Westchester Hospital, Mount Kisco, NY, United States
| | - Mitchell Roslin
- Department of Surgery, Northwell Health-Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, United States,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, United States,Northern Westchester Hospital, Mount Kisco, NY, United States
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20
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Porchia LM, Vazquez-Marroquin G, Ochoa-Précoma R, Pérez-Fuentes R, Gonzalez-Mejia ME. Probiotics' effect on visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1646-1656. [PMID: 35418606 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are shown to alter the microbiota, leading to a favorable environment, in which weight loss and metabolic parameters are improve. However, the results on probiotics' effect on specific types of central adipose tissues, mainly visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), are conflicting. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review, aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on VAT and SAT. PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and LILACS databases were searched for studies that investigated the effect of probiotics on VAT and SAT. Fixed effects were used to calculate the pooled difference in means (DM) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Fourteen publications met the inclusion criteria, which consisted of 1523 participants. For VAT, overall, there was a significant decrease (DM = -3.63 cm2, 95% CI: -5.08 to -2.17, p < 0.001). When stratified by type of probiotic, single Bifidobacterium (DM = -4.49 cm2, 95% CI:-7.37 to -1.61, p = 0.002) and single Lactobacillus probiotics (DM = -3.84 cm2, 95% CI:-5.74 to -1.93, p < 0.001) resulted in significant reductions. Mixed probiotics had no effect. For SAT, overall, there was a significant decrease (DM = -2.91 cm2, 95% CI:-4.82 to -1.01, p = 0.003), and when stratified by type of probiotic, single Lactobacillus (DM = -3.39 cm2, 95% CI:-5.90 to -0.88, p = 0.008) and mixed probiotics (DM = -5.97 cm2, 95% CI:-10.32 to -1.62, p = 0.007) resulted in a significant decrease. Single Bifidobacterium probiotics had no effect. Using meta-regression, no association was observed between the total daily probiotic dose and VAT or SAT reduction. This study shows that probiotics have a beneficial effect on central adiposity. Single Lactobacillus-based probiotics reduced VAT and SAT, whereas Bifidobacterium-based probiotics reduce VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M Porchia
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología en Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS. Delegación Puebla, Carretera Federal Atlixco Metepec Km. 4.5, Colonia Centro, C.P, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, México
| | - Gabriela Vazquez-Marroquin
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Carretera Federal Tlaxcala, Puebla. S/N; Km. 1.5, Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 90062, Mexico
| | - Renata Ochoa-Précoma
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Calle 13 Sur 2901, Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología en Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS. Delegación Puebla, Carretera Federal Atlixco Metepec Km. 4.5, Colonia Centro, C.P, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, México
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Calle 13 Sur 2901, Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Elba Gonzalez-Mejia
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Calle 13 Sur 2901, Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, México.
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21
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Zubarev A, Cuzminschi M, Iordache AM, Iordache SM, Rizea C, Grigorescu CEA, Giuglea C. Graphene-Based Sensor for the Detection of Cortisol for Stress Level Monitoring and Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2593. [PMID: 36359436 PMCID: PMC9689560 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we study the sensing properties of multi-layer graphene combined with pyrrole in order to elaborate low-cost, high-sensitive material for cortisol detection. Graphene nanoplatelets and pyrrole were dispersed in a solution containing 1M HNO3 by using a powerful ultrasound probe for 10 min, then centrifuged for 30 min at 4000 rpm; polymerization was performed by cyclic voltammetry. The graphene-pyrrole composite was tested to ultra-low levels of cortisol in artificial saliva, consistent to the levels excreted in human salivary samples. The composite was further investigated by Raman spectroscopy and we modeled the interaction between the sensitive layer and cortisol using MarvinBeans software. It shows a good sensitivity for salivary values of cortisol cyclic voltammetry being able to detect a level down to 0.5 ng/mL cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Zubarev
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Marina Cuzminschi
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Iordache
- Optospintronics Department, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics—INOE 2000, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Stefan-Marian Iordache
- Optospintronics Department, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics—INOE 2000, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Constantin Rizea
- Cabinet Veterinar Roxy Veterinary Magurele, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Cristiana E. A. Grigorescu
- Optospintronics Department, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics—INOE 2000, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Carmen Giuglea
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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22
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Kupczyk D, Studzińska R, Kołodziejska R, Baumgart S, Modrzejewska M, Woźniak A. 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 as a Potential Treatment Target in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206190. [PMID: 36294507 PMCID: PMC9605099 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) belong to the group of steroid hormones. Their representative in humans is cortisol. GCs are involved in most physiological processes of the body and play a significant role in important biological processes, including reproduction, growth, immune responses, metabolism, maintenance of water and electrolyte balance, functioning of the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system. The availability of cortisol to the glucocorticoid receptor is locally controlled by the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). Evidence of changes in intracellular GC metabolism in the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular complications highlights the role of selective 11β-HSD1 inhibition in the pharmacotherapy of these diseases. This paper discusses the role of 11β-HSD1 in MetS and its cardiovascular complications and the importance of selective inhibition of 11β-HSD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kupczyk
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Renata Studzińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Renata Kołodziejska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Szymon Baumgart
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Martyna Modrzejewska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Wang Y, Wang K, Du M, Khandpur N, Rossato SL, Lo CH, VanEvery H, Kim DY, Zhang FF, Chavarro JE, Sun Q, Huttenhower C, Song M, Nguyen LH, Chan AT. Maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods and subsequent risk of offspring overweight or obesity: results from three prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2022; 379:e071767. [PMID: 36198411 PMCID: PMC9533299 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether maternal ultra-processed food intake during peripregnancy and during the child rearing period is associated with offspring risk of overweight or obesity during childhood and adolescence. DESIGN Population based prospective cohort study. SETTING The Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) and the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS I and II) in the United States. PARTICIPANTS 19 958 mother-child (45% boys, aged 7-17 years at study enrollment) pairs with a median follow-up of 4 years (interquartile range 2-5 years) until age 18 or the onset of overweight or obesity, including a subsample of 2925 mother-child pairs with information on peripregnancy diet. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Multivariable adjusted, log binomial models with generalized estimating equations and an exchangeable correlation structure were used to account for correlations between siblings and to estimate the relative risk of offspring overweight or obesity defined by the International Obesity Task Force. RESULTS 2471 (12.4%) offspring developed overweight or obesity in the full analytic cohort. After adjusting for established maternal risk factors and offspring's ultra-processed food intake, physical activity, and sedentary time, maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods during the child rearing period was associated with overweight or obesity in offspring, with a 26% higher risk in the group with the highest maternal ultra-processed food consumption (group 5) versus the lowest consumption group (group 1; relative risk 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.47, P for trend<0.001). In the subsample with information on peripregnancy diet, while rates were higher, peripregnancy ultra-processed food intake was not significantly associated with an increased risk of offspring overweight or obesity (n=845 (28.9%); group 5 v group 1: relative risk 1.17, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 1.53, P fortrend=0.07). These associations were not modified by age, sex, birth weight, and gestational age of offspring or maternal body weight. CONCLUSIONS Maternal consumption of ultra-processed food during the child rearing period was associated with an increased risk of overweight or obesity in offspring, independent of maternal and offspring lifestyle risk factors. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and to understand the underlying biological mechanisms and environmental determinants. These data support the importance of refining dietary recommendations and the development of programs to improve nutrition for women of reproductive age to promote offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wang
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Mengxi Du
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neha Khandpur
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sinara Laurini Rossato
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Geography, Graduation course of Collective Health, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Chun-Han Lo
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Hannah VanEvery
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Y Kim
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Long H Nguyen
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Yu Y, Yang W, Yu T, Zhao X, Zhou Z, Yu Y, Xiong L, Yang H, Bilotta AJ, Yao S, Golovko G, Plasencia A, Quintana FJ, Zhou L, Li Y, Cong Y. Glucose promotes regulatory T cell differentiation to maintain intestinal homeostasis. iScience 2022; 25:105004. [PMID: 36093065 PMCID: PMC9460814 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose, the critical energy source in the human body, is considered a potential risk factor in various autoimmune diseases when consumed in high amounts. However, the roles of glucose at moderate doses in the regulation of autoimmune inflammatory diseases and CD4+ T cell responses are controversial. Here, we show that while glucose at a high concentration (20% w/v) promotes intestinal inflammation, it suppresses colitis at a moderate dose (6% w/v), which increases the proportion of intestinal regulatory T (Treg) cells but does not affect effector CD4+ T cells. Glucose treatment promotes Treg cell differentiation but it does not affect Treg stability. Feeding glucose alters gut microbiota compositions, which are not involved in the glucose induction of Treg cells. Glucose promotes aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation to induce Treg polarization. These findings reveal the different effects of glucose at different doses on the intestinal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Tianming Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Anthony J. Bilotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - George Golovko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Agustin Plasencia
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J. Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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25
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Arnone D, Chabot C, Heba AC, Kökten T, Caron B, Hansmannel F, Dreumont N, Ananthakrishnan AN, Quilliot D, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Sugars and Gastrointestinal Health. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:1912-1924.e7. [PMID: 34902573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sugar overconsumption is linked to a rise in the incidence of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This increased incidence is becoming a real public health problem that is more severe than infectious diseases, contributing to 35 million deaths annually. Excessive intake of free sugars can cause many of the same health problems as excessive alcohol consumption. Many recent international recommendations have expressed concerns about sugar consumption in Westernized societies, as current consumption levels represent quantities with no precedent during hominin evolution. In both adults and children, the World Health Organization strongly recommends reducing free sugar intake to <10% of total energy intake and suggests a further reduction to below 5%. Most studies have focused on the deleterious effects of Western dietary patterns on global health and the intestine. Whereas excessive dietary fat consumption is well studied, the specific impact of sugar is poorly described, while refined sugars represent up to 40% of caloric intake within industrialized countries. However, high sugar intake is associated with multiple tissue and organ dysfunctions. Both hyperglycemia and excessive sugar intake disrupt the intestinal barrier, thus increasing gut permeability and causing profound gut microbiota dysbiosis, which results in a disturbance in mucosal immunity that enhances infection susceptibility. This review aims to highlight the roles of different types of dietary carbohydrates and the consequences of their excessive intake for intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djésia Arnone
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France; Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Caroline Chabot
- Inserm U1256, Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Child Medicine and Clinical Genetics, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Heba
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Tunay Kökten
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Bénédicte Caron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Franck Hansmannel
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Natacha Dreumont
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Didier Quilliot
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
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26
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Bilal M, Ashraf S, Zhao X. Dietary Component-Induced Inflammation and Its Amelioration by Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:931458. [PMID: 35938108 PMCID: PMC9354043 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.931458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A balanced diet with many dietary components maintains immune homeostasis directly by interacting with innate and adaptive immune components or indirectly through gut microbiota and their metabolites. Dietary components may inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators and promote anti-inflammatory functions or vice versa. Western diets with imbalanced dietary components skew the immune balance toward pro-inflammation and induce intestinal inflammation, consequently leading to many intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases like ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, cardiovascular problems, obesity, and diabetes. The dietary component-induced inflammation is usually chronic in nature and frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. Therefore, microbiome-targeted therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics hold great potentials to amend immune dysregulation and gut dysbiosis, preventing and treating intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbioitcs are progressively being added to foods and beverages, with claims of health benefits. However, the underlining mechanisms of these interventions for preventing and treating dietary component-induced inflammation are still not very clear. In addition, possibly ineffective or negative consequences of some probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics call for stringent testing and regulation. Here, we will first briefly review inflammation, in terms of its types and the relationship between different dietary components and immune responses. Then, we focus on current knowledge about the direct and indirect effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on intestinal and systemic inflammation. Understanding how probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics modulate the immune system and gut microbiota will improve our strategies for preventing and treating dietary component-induced intestinal inflammation and inflammatory diseases.
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27
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Begdache L, Sadeghzadeh S, Pearlmutter P, Derose G, Krishnamurthy P, Koh A. Dietary Factors, Time of the Week, Physical Fitness and Saliva Cortisol: Their Modulatory Effect on Mental Distress and Mood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127001. [PMID: 35742250 PMCID: PMC9222387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of diet quality and physical fitness on saliva cortisol, mood, and mental distress. These relationships were compared between a peak weekday (Wednesday) and a weekend day (Saturday) when mood may fluctuate. Methods: Forty-eight healthy college students participated in the study. Participants completed the Mood and Anxiety Symptom (MASQ) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale 10 questionnaires on Wednesday and Saturday and recorded their diet for three days. Saliva was collected before and after a workout for cortisol extraction. Results: SA had significantly higher saliva cortisol levels post-workout but lower MASQ scores on Saturday (p < 0.05). There was a very significant association between MASQ scores on Wednesday (p = 0.005), which became less significant on Saturday. In addition, lower BMI values and high-fat consumption were associated with higher cortisol levels after exercise (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There is a strong link between dietary factors, cortisol levels, mood, and time of the week. In addition, our results suggest that saliva cortisol levels may not be directly linked to negative affect but are influenced by diet quality when mental distress exists. In addition, physical fitness may play a role in improving mood during weekends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Begdache
- Health and Wellness Studies, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Paul Pearlmutter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (P.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Gia Derose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
| | - Pragna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
| | - Ahyeon Koh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (P.P.); (A.K.)
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28
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Personalized Nutrition in the Management of Female Infertility: New Insights on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091918. [PMID: 35565885 PMCID: PMC9105997 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence on the significance of nutrition in reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies, suggesting a mutual association between nutrition and female fertility. Different “fertile” dietary patterns have been studied; however, in humans, conflicting results or weak correlations are often reported, probably because of the individual variations in genome, proteome, metabolome, and microbiome and the extent of exposure to different environmental conditions. In this scenario, “precision nutrition”, namely personalized dietary patterns based on deep phenotyping and on metabolomics, microbiome, and nutrigenetics of each case, might be more efficient for infertile patients than applying a generic nutritional approach. In this review, we report on new insights into the nutritional management of infertile patients, discussing the main nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, and microbiomic aspects that should be investigated to achieve effective personalized nutritional interventions. Specifically, we will focus on the management of low-grade chronic inflammation, which is associated with several infertility-related diseases.
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29
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High fructose diet: A risk factor for immune system dysregulation. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:538-546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Bellahreche Z, Semiane N, Mallek A, Dahmani Y. High-fat/high-carbohydrate-diet short- and middle-term effects on gerbil adrenal zona fasciculata histology. Tissue Cell 2022; 75:101729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Grosso G, Laudisio D, Frias-Toral E, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Savastano S, Colao A. Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061137. [PMID: 35334794 PMCID: PMC8954840 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary factors may play a role in systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Summary evidence from randomized controlled trials has shown substantial effects on biomarkers of inflammation following the adoption of plant-based diets (including, but not limited to, the Mediterranean diet), while consistent findings have been reported for higher intakes of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and positive trends observed for the consumption of legumes, pulses, nuts, and olive oil. Among animal food groups, dairy products have been shown to have the best benefits on biomarkers of inflammation, while red meat and egg have been shown to have neutral effects. The present review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying the relation between dietary factors and immune system, with a focus on specific macronutrient and non-nutrient phytochemicals (polyphenols) and low-grade inflammation. Substantial differences within each macronutrient group may explain the conflicting results obtained regarding foods high in saturated fats and carbohydrates, underlying the role of specific subtypes of molecules (i.e., short-chain fatty acids or fiber vs. long chain fatty acids or free added sugars) when exploring the relation between diet and inflammation, as well as the importance of the food matrix and the commixture of foods in the context of whole dietary patterns. Dietary polyphenols and oligopeptides have been hypothesized to exert several functions, including the regulation of the inflammatory response and effects on the immune system. Overall, evidence suggests that dietary factors may affect the immune system regardless of obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador;
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, 80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3779
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Wang XQ, Ren XH, Kou WJ, Li Y, Hui ZZ, Sun JR, Wang MX. Gender differences in the relationships between housework and metabolic markers: a longitudinal cohort study in China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:336. [PMID: 35177008 PMCID: PMC8851696 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome has become a major health threat throughout the world, but there are few studies that focus on the effects of housework on human metabolism. This study explores the association between housework and metabolic markers and examines whether there are gender differences in the relationship of housework intensity on these markers. Methods We obtained data for 2,624 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey and used binary logistic regression to analyze the association between housework and metabolic markers (triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin, blood glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure). Results We observed no association between housework and metabolic markers for men. However, we find that women who engaged in housework had a higher risk of triglycerides than those who did not (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.16, 4.25). Compared with low-intensity, we also find that women who performed moderate- and high-housework intensity had a higher risk of triglycerides (moderate-intensity: OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.78; high-intensity: OR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.98), MetS (OR=1.54, 95% CI: 0.98, 2.43; OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.66), pre-hypertension (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.62; OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.55), and obesity (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.70; OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.72). Conclusion In women, we find that housework is positively associated with the metabolic markers, triglycerides, MetS, and pre-hypertension. However, we did not find evidence that this relationship exists in men, f or any biomarkers we considered. One possible explanation is that people who engage in high-intensity housework are more stressed and sleep less, which could be a mechanism by which housework becomes associated with metabolic disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12566-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Wang
- Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Han Ren
- Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wen-Jing Kou
- Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao-Zhao Hui
- Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jia-Ru Sun
- Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ming-Xu Wang
- Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Zhang S, Xu Y, Zhang S, Zhao C, Feng D, Feng X. Fluorene-9-bisphenol exposure decreases locomotor activity and induces lipid-metabolism disorders by impairing fatty acid oxidation in zebrafish. Life Sci 2022; 294:120379. [PMID: 35134438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF), as a substitute for bisphenol A, is used in many industries in daily life. Many studies have clarified its effects as an endocrine disruptor on organisms, but its effect on lipid metabolism of zebrafish larvae is not clear. Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are more susceptible to external pollutants. It is not clear how BHPF perturbs lipid metabolism or promotes NAFLD progression. MAIN METHODS We explored the biological effects of BHPF on locomotor activity, inflammatory response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipid metabolism in zebrafish, especially in the mechanism of lipid homeostasis disorder. In addition, the role of BHPF in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was further explored. KEY FINDINGS We found that high concentration (100 nmol/L) BHPF caused retarded growth, mild lipid accumulation and reduced the locomotive activity of zebrafish larvae, accompanied by a decrease in endogenous cortisol level. At the same time, it caused the full activation of inflammation and ER stress. Rescue experiments by 25(OH)D3 demonstrated that high concentration of BHPF caused defects in 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolic pathway through downregulation of cyp2r1, which further damaged pgc1a-mediated fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial function, resulting in lipid accumulation. In summary, exposure to BHPF could damage lipid homeostasis and worsen the diet-induced NAFLD. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide new insights into the role of BHPF in development of overweight and obesity and also improve understanding of its toxicological mechanism. Our results play a warning role in the administration of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education. College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education. College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shaozhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education. College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chengtian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education. College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Daofu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Xizeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education. College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Kim J, Hong C, Lee G. Association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and depression and suicidal ideation among Korean adults: a cross-sectional study from the 2014 and 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:194-204. [PMID: 35392528 PMCID: PMC8971820 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.2.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Changbin Hong
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 04551, Korea
| | - Gyeongsil Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Abu Bakar MH, Mohamad Khalid MSF, Nor Shahril NS, Shariff KA, Karunakaran T. Celastrol attenuates high-fructose diet-induced inflammation and insulin resistance via inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in rat adipose tissues. Biofactors 2022; 48:111-134. [PMID: 34676604 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High fructose consumption has been linked to low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance that results in increased intracellular 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) activity. Celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpene, has been demonstrated to exhibit multifaceted targets to attenuate various metabolic diseases associated with inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms by which celastrol exerts its attributive properties on high fructose diet (HFrD)-induced metabolic syndrome remain elusive. Herein, the present study was aimed to elucidate the mechanistic targets of celastrol co-administrations upon HFrD in rats and evaluate its potential to modulate 11β-HSD1 activity. Celastrol remarkably improved glucose tolerance, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity along with suppression of hepatic glucose production. In rat adipose tissues, celastrol attenuated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-driven inflammation, reduced c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) phosphorylation, and mitigated oxidative stress via upregulated genes expression involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, insulin signaling pathways were significantly improved through the restoration of Akt phosphorylation levels at Ser473 and Thr308 residues. Celastrol exhibited a potent, selective and specific inhibitor of intracellular 11β-HSD1 towards oxidoreductase activity (IC50 value = 4.3 nM) in comparison to other HSD-related enzymes. Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 expression in rat adipose microsomes reduced the availability of its cofactor NADPH and substrate H6PDH in couple to upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of glucocorticoid receptor. In conclusion, our results underscore the most likely conceivable mechanisms exhibited by celastrol against HFrD-induced metabolic dysregulations mainly through attenuating inflammation and insulin resistance, at least via specific inhibitions on 11β-HSD1 activity in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Shafiqah Nor Shahril
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Anuar Shariff
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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Barbosa JMA, Ribeiro CCC, Batista RFL, Brondani MA, Simões VMF, Bettiol H, Barbieri MA, Coelho SJDDDAC, Silva AAMD. Behavioral risk factors for noncommunicable diseases associated with depression and suicide risk in adolescence. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022; 38:e00055621. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00055621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and mental disorders cooccur in adulthood, which is why their determinants and common risk factors should be addressed at an early age. Therefore, we estimated the association of the major risk factors for NCDs with depression and suicide risk by structural equation modeling considering pathways triggered by social vulnerability or mediated by obesity. This population-based study included 2,515 Brazilian adolescents. The following exposures were the major risk factors for NCDs: substance use behaviors (variable deduced from alcohol, tobacco, and drug use), physical inactivity, and components of unhealthy eating markers (added sugar and saturated fat). Obesity was assessed using the fat mass index. The outcomes were depression and suicide risk. Depression was associated with substance use behaviors (SC = 0.304; p < 0.001), added sugar (SC = 0.094; p = 0.005), and females (SC = 0.310; p < 0.001). Suicide risk was also associated with substance use behaviors (SC = 0.356; p < 0.001), added sugar (SC = 0.100; p = 0.012), and females (SC = 0.207; p < 0.001). In adolescents, these associations may help explain the cluster of NCDs and mental disorders in adulthood.
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Yu S, Li C, Ji G, Zhang L. The Contribution of Dietary Fructose to Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:783393. [PMID: 34867414 PMCID: PMC8637741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.783393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose, especially industrial fructose (sucrose and high fructose corn syrup) is commonly used in all kinds of beverages and processed foods. Liver is the primary organ for fructose metabolism, recent studies suggest that excessive fructose intake is a driving force in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dietary fructose metabolism begins at the intestine, along with its metabolites, may influence gut barrier and microbiota community, and contribute to increased nutrient absorption and lipogenic substrates overflow to the liver. Overwhelming fructose and the gut microbiota-derived fructose metabolites (e.g., acetate, butyric acid, butyrate and propionate) trigger the de novo lipogenesis in the liver, and result in lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis. Fructose also reprograms the metabolic phenotype of liver cells (hepatocytes, macrophages, NK cells, etc.), and induces the occurrence of inflammation in the liver. Besides, there is endogenous fructose production that expands the fructose pool. Considering the close association of fructose metabolism and NAFLD, the drug development that focuses on blocking the absorption and metabolism of fructose might be promising strategies for NAFLD. Here we provide a systematic discussion of the underlying mechanisms of dietary fructose in contributing to the development and progression of NAFLD, and suggest the possible targets to prevent the pathogenetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Qin Y, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Huang S, Jiao C, Zhang Z, Mao L. Associations of dietary inflammatory potential with postpartum weight change and retention: Results from a cohort study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1689-1699. [PMID: 34490743 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the associations of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with weight outcomes within 1 year post partum. METHODS This analysis included women who participated in a cohort study in South China (n = 468). The assessments included maternal height, weight, and dietary intake. The latter variable was based on three consecutive 24-hour food records collected at 2 weeks and 1 year after childbirth and was used to calculate the energy-adjusted DII (EDII) scores during and after puerperium, respectively. A general linear regression was performed to examine the relationships between the EDII scores and postpartum weight outcomes after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS In an analysis adjusted for confounders, the EDII during puerperium was positively associated with the weight change from 3 to 42 days (β: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.11-0.70). The EDII after puerperium was positively correlated with the weight changes from 42 days to 1 year (β: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.02-1.02) and from 3 days to 1 year (β: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.13-1.14), as well as with the postpartum weight retention at 1 year after childbirth (β: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.29-1.22). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that a diet with a high EDII score might minimize postpartum weight loss and promote higher postpartum weight retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changya Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Ertuglu LA, Afsar B, Yildiz AB, Demiray A, Ortiz A, Covic A, Kanbay M. Substitution of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for Other Beverages: Can It Be the Next Step Towards Healthy Aging? Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:399-412. [PMID: 34595722 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the prolongation of life expectancy, the gap between lifespan and "health span," the disease-free lifespan, has been widening due to the massive burden of age-related chronic diseases and research on healthy aging has been gaining momentum. A growing body of evidence suggests that diet is a strong determinant of healthy aging and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), a major source of added sugars, predicts poor health outcomes in the aging population, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Evidence further supports a link between sugar-sweetened beverages-triggered pathological processes and biologic factors of aging, including inflammaging, oxidative stress, and alterations in intestinal microbiota. At present, substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages with healthier alternative beverage remains the most robust strategy to limit the deleterious effects of sugar-sweetened beverages on health worldwide and may help achieve healthy longevity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of mechanisms by which sugar-sweetened beverages consumption may impact the physiological aging process and how a simple intervention of beverage replacement may promote healthy aging. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings indicate that SSB are associated with accelerated aging phenotype and activate various adverse biological processes such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and gut dysbiosis. Replacing SSB with healthier beverages may be a reasonable option to reduce the burden of chronic disease in the aging population and even prolong life and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale A Ertuglu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah B Yildiz
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atalay Demiray
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Portes J, Bullón B, Quiles JL, Battino M, Bullón P. Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis Share Intracellular Disorders as the Main Meeting Point. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092411. [PMID: 34572060 PMCID: PMC8467361 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and periodontitis are two of the most prevalent diseases worldwide that negatively impact the quality of life of the individual suffering from them. They are part of the chronic inflammatory disease group or, as recently mentioned, non-communicable diseases, with inflammation being the meeting point among them. Inflammation hitherto includes vascular and tissue changes, but new technologies provide data at the intracellular level that could explain how the cells respond to the aggression more clearly. This review aims to emphasize the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, which are marked by different impaired central regulators including mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired immune system and autophagy pathways, oxidative stress, and the crosstalk between adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). All of them are the shared background behind both diseases that could explain its relationship. These should be taken in consideration if we would like to improve the treatment outcomes. Currently, the main treatment strategies in diabetes try to reduce glycemia index as the most important aspect, and in periodontitis try to reduce the presence of oral bacteria. We propose to add to the therapeutic guidelines the handling of all the intracellular disorders to try to obtain better treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Portes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (J.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Beatriz Bullón
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (J.P.); (B.B.)
| | - José Luis Quiles
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Physiology, University Campus of Cartuja, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, C/Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche. Via Tronto 10A, 60126 Torrette di Ancona, Italy;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Pedro Bullón
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (J.P.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
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DiNicolantonio JJ, O'Keefe JH. Low-grade metabolic acidosis as a driver of insulin resistance. Open Heart 2021; 8:openhrt-2021-001788. [PMID: 34497064 PMCID: PMC8438953 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - James H O'Keefe
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Dietary fructose intake is correlated with fat distribution in the Newfoundland population. Nutrition 2021; 93:111434. [PMID: 34492622 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased dietary fructose intake is associated with elevated body weight and body mass index. Few studies are available regarding the relationship between fat distribution and dietary fructose intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary fructose intake and fat distribution in adults in a large Newfoundland cohort. METHODS We analyzed 2298 adults from CODING (Complex Diseases in the New found land Population: Environment and Genetics) study. Intake of dietary fructose was evaluated from the Willett food frequency questionnaire. Fat distribution was estimated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Partial correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations of dietary fructose intake with fat distribution adjusted for major confounding factors. RESULTS Daily dietary fructose intake was negatively associated with arm fat in postmenopausal women (r = -0.080, P < 0.05), but positively associated with arm fat in premenopausal women after adjusting for age, total calorie intake, and physical activity levels (r = 0.079, P < 0.05). Dietary fructose intake was negatively correlated with both arm fat (r = -0.131, P < 0.05) and visceral fat (r = -0.124 measured in mass, r = -0.124 measured in volume respectively; P < 0.05) in men <45 y of age, not in men ≥45 y. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that dietary fructose intake is significantly correlated with arm fat in both women and men, and visceral fat in men in the Newfoundland free-living population. The correlations are sex- and menopause-status dependent.
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Reproductive disorders in male rats induced by high-fructose consumption from juvenile age to puberty. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2021; 71:78-86. [PMID: 32597133 PMCID: PMC7837242 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that a hypercaloric, high-fructose diet can cause metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a whole range of other metabolic changes. In the context of androgen deficiency, MetS in boys merits special attention, but the effects of fructose-rich diet in youth on future male reproductive function are still poorly evidenced. The aim of this study was to address this issue and analyse the effects of high-fructose intake starting from weaning to puberty (postnatal day 23 up to 83) on the reproductive function of male rats. For this purpose juvenile male Wistar rats were divided in two groups: control and the group receiving 10 % fructose solution instead of drinking water. Reproductive function was evaluated in terms of fertility, sperm count, testes/epididymis morphology, and serum sex hormones. The fructose-treated group showed a decrease in testosterone and twofold increase in luteinising and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the serum. This was accompanied with lower testis/epididymis weights, sperm count, and changed testis/epididymis morphology. Their fertility remained unchanged, but the fertility of females mating with these males diminished. In addition, pre-implantation and post-implantation embryonic death rate rose in these females. Our results have confirmed that high fructose consumption from early age until puberty can impair the reproductive function of male rats, and call for further animal and epidemiological investigation.
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Shi YN, Liu YJ, Xie Z, Zhang WJ. Fructose and metabolic diseases: too much to be good. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1276-1285. [PMID: 34010200 PMCID: PMC8183764 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Excessive consumption of fructose, the sweetest of all naturally occurring carbohydrates, has been linked to worldwide epidemics of metabolic diseases in humans, and it is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We provide an overview about the features of fructose metabolism, as well as potential mechanisms by which excessive fructose intake is associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases both in humans and rodents. To accomplish this aim, we focus on illuminating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fructose metabolism as well as its signaling effects on metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis in health and disease, highlighting the role of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein in regulating fructose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ya-Jin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zhifang Xie
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiping J. Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Flores-Fuentes N, Hernandez-Cruz C, Bermeo K, Barajas-Martinez A, Hernandez-Serratos VN, Aceves-Rodriguez EM, Martinez-Alonso E, Castro H, Martinez-Huerta MI, Elias-Viñas D, Salazar-Anguiano J, Arenas I, Garcia DE. Motor learning impairment in rats under a high sucrose diet. Physiol Behav 2021; 234:113384. [PMID: 33676960 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Motor learning skills are reliable indicators of behavioral acquisition and cognitive disorders. The ease with which learning skills are measured disparities the complexity of the interpretation concerning neural plasticity. Conversely, a wealth of information regarding metabolic derangements has long been reported with direct connection to high sucrose diets. However, the impact of excessive sucrose consumption on undergoing cognitive processes has been only scarcely addressed up to now. Therefore, the goal of this work was to describe the associative relationship between high sucrose consumption and changes in motor learning skills acquisition. Motor learning impairments conditioned by central alterations are hypothesized. Rotarod, elevated plus-maze and open field trials, along with metabolic and pro-inflammatory biomarkers tests in Wistar rats under a high sucrose treatment, were performed. Motor learning impairment in high sucrose diet-treated rats was found while spontaneous locomotor activity remained unchanged. Even though, no anxiety-like behavior under high sucrose diet-treatment was observed. Consistently, the worst outcome in the glucose tolerance test was developed, the worst motor learning performance was observed. Furthermore, insulin resistance correlated positively with a pro-inflammatory state and a decreased latency to fall in the rotarod test. Indeed, C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α serum levels, along with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), significantly increased in motor learning impairment. Together, these results support behavioral, metabolic and pro-inflammatory changes associated with deleterious changes in central nervous system likely involving crucial motor learning structures. Underlying pro-inflammatory-triggered processes may explain cognitive disorders in advanced states of metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayely Flores-Fuentes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Hernandez-Cruz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Bermeo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Barajas-Martinez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valeria Nayely Hernandez-Serratos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erick Mauricio Aceves-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Alonso
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Castro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maricela Irel Martinez-Huerta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Elias-Viñas
- Section of Bioelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, PO Box 14740, C.P. 07000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jeny Salazar-Anguiano
- Section of Bioelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, PO Box 14740, C.P. 07000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Arenas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David E Garcia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Restrepo C, Santamaría A, Manrique R. Sleep bruxism in children: relationship with screen-time and sugar consumption. Sleep Med X 2021; 3:100035. [PMID: 34169271 PMCID: PMC8122107 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2021.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective/background Consumption of added sugar and excessive screen-time is increasing worldwide and is associated with sleeping and behavior disorders, which are related with possible Sleep Bruxism (SB) in children. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to examine the relationship between screen-time and sugar-consumption and possible SB in children. Patients/methods A cross-sectional study, including parents of 460 4- to 8-year-old children, was performed. Frequency of possible SB was assessed with the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire; sugar consumption with the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Food-Frequency Questionnaire. Comprehensive measures of screen-time (including cell phones, computers, electronic devices, electronic games, and TV) were taken. The time was recorded in hour/day. All data were analyzed with STATA© data analysis and statistical software version 13.0 (Copyright 1996–2016; Stata-Corp LP, College Station, TX, USA). Spearman correlation test and ordinal-multiple-variable regression analyses were used. Results Data of 440 subjects Mean age 6.2 years (S.D. 1.8) were analyzed. Prevalence of possible SB was 35% and screen-time was available for 92.9% of the children. Mean screen-time was 2.1 h/day. Parents reported 73% of the children (n = 319) to consume added sugar once a day every day and 20% more than once every day. Correlations of possible SB were statistically significant with screen-time (Rho = 0.8; p = 0.002) and sugar-consumption (Rho = 0.7; p = 0.03). Associations were found between possible SB and increase-to-increase screen-time and sugar-consumption (OR > 2). Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that as screen-time and sugar consumption increased, the frequency of bruxism in children increased. Sleep bruxism is regulated centrally and deals with the reward system, particularly the neurotransmission of dopamine. Sugar and the excessive use of screens alter neurotransmission of dopamine. Excessive sugar consumption and increased screen time are common behaviors in children. Parenting habits affects the consumption of sugar, the use of screens and the occurrence of sleep bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Restrepo
- CES-LPH Research Group, Universidad CES, Calle 10 A No. 22-04, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Adriana Santamaría
- CES-LPH Research Group, Universidad CES, Calle 10 A No. 22-04, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Rubén Manrique
- CES-LPH Research Group, Universidad CES, Calle 10 A No. 22-04, Medellín, Colombia
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Federico A, Rosato V, Masarone M, Torre P, Dallio M, Romeo M, Persico M. The Role of Fructose in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Old Relationship and New Insights. Nutrients 2021; 13:1314. [PMID: 33923525 PMCID: PMC8074203 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the result of hepatic fat overload not due to alcohol consumption and potentially evolving to advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Fructose is a naturally occurring simple sugar widely used in food industry linked to glucose to form sucrose, largely contained in hypercaloric food and beverages. An increasing amount of evidence in scientific literature highlighted a detrimental effect of dietary fructose consumption on metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and NAFLD-related fibrosis as well. An excessive fructose consumption has been associated with NAFLD development and progression to more clinically severe phenotypes by exerting various toxic effects, including increased fatty acid production, oxidative stress, and worsening insulin resistance. Furthermore, some studies in this context demonstrated even a crucial role in liver cancer progression. Despite this compelling evidence, the molecular mechanisms by which fructose elicits those effects on liver metabolism remain unclear. Emerging data suggest that dietary fructose may directly alter the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, including those that increase hepatic fat accumulation or reduce hepatic fat removal. This review aimed to summarize the current understanding of fructose metabolism on NAFLD pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Valerio Rosato
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontostomatology, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (V.R.); (M.M.); (P.T.); (M.P.)
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Masarone
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontostomatology, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (V.R.); (M.M.); (P.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Pietro Torre
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontostomatology, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (V.R.); (M.M.); (P.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Mario Romeo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcello Persico
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontostomatology, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (V.R.); (M.M.); (P.T.); (M.P.)
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Wu AJ, Aris IM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Oken E, Taveras EM, Hivert MF. Longitudinal associations of fruit juice intake in infancy with DXA-measured abdominal adiposity in mid-childhood and early adolescence. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:117-123. [PMID: 33829237 PMCID: PMC8246602 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive abdominal adiposity is associated with health risks in children and adults. Higher consumption of fruit juice and other sources of fructose has been shown to promote weight gain and specifically visceral adiposity in adulthood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of fruit juice intake in infancy with visceral adiposity in mid-childhood and early adolescence. METHODS We analyzed data from 783 participants in Project Viva, a US prebirth cohort. Our exposure was fruit juice intake at 1 y old. We measured visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT), and total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT) in mid-childhood (mean age 7.8 ± 0.7 y) and early adolescence (13 ± 0.8 y) using DXA. We examined longitudinal associations of fruit juice intake at 1 y with VAT, SAAT, and TAAT area sex-specific standard deviation scores (SDSs) in mid-childhood and early adolescence using linear mixed models. We adjusted for child age at outcome, sex, race/ethnicity, age and BMI z-score at 1 y-questionnaire, maternal prepregnancy BMI, level of education, and prenatal sugar-sweetened beverage intake, paternal BMI, and median household income at birth. RESULTS After adjusting for child and parental covariates, each serving (120 mL) per day of fruit juice intake at 1 y was associated with persistently greater VAT area SDS (β = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.13) at both timepoints in boys and girls. The association of fruit juice intake with VAT appeared stronger than that with SAAT (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.09) and TAAT (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Higher fruit juice intake in infancy was associated with greater abdominal adiposity, particularly VAT, in mid-childhood and early adolescence. Our findings support limiting fruit juice intake in infancy, which can have later impact on visceral adiposity in childhood and adolescence.Clinical Trial Registry number: NCT02820402 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02820402).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Nutritional Components in Western Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet at the Gut Microbiota-Immune System Interplay. Implications for Health and Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020699. [PMID: 33671569 PMCID: PMC7927055 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer) are rising worldwide. All of them share the condition of an “inflammatory disorder”, with impaired immune functions frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. These multifactorial maladies also have in common malnutrition related to physiopathology. In this context, diet is the greatest modulator of immune system–microbiota crosstalk, and much interest, and new challenges, are arising in the area of precision nutrition as a way towards treatment and prevention. It is a fact that the westernized diet (WD) is partly responsible for the increased prevalence of NCDs, negatively affecting both gut microbiota and the immune system. Conversely, other nutritional approaches, such as Mediterranean diet (MD), positively influence immune system and gut microbiota, and is proposed not only as a potential tool in the clinical management of different disease conditions, but also for prevention and health promotion globally. Thus, the purpose of this review is to determine the regulatory role of nutritional components of WD and MD in the gut microbiota and immune system interplay, in order to understand, and create awareness of, the influence of diet over both key components.
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Luo Y, Zhang Z, Xiang L, Zhou B, Wang X, Lin Y, Ding X, Liu F, Lu Y, Peng Y. Analysis of N6-Methyladenosine Methylation Modification in Fructose-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:780617. [PMID: 34950107 PMCID: PMC8688819 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.780617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in living standards have led to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. Recent studies have shown that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a type of RNA modification, is strongly associated with many important biological processes. However, the relationship between m6A methylation modifications and NAFLD remains poorly understood. In the present study, through methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA transcriptome sequencing in high fructose diet-induced NAFLD mice, we found that hypermethylation-encoding genes were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism processes. We identified 266 overlapping and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that changed at both the mRNA expression level and m6A modification level. Among them, 193 genes displayed increased expression and m6A modification, indicating that m6A RNA modifications tend to be positively correlated with NAFLD. We further compared the high fructose diet-induced NAFLD mouse model with leptin receptor-deficient mice and found that DEGs enriched in the lipid metabolism pathway were up-regulated in both groups. In contrast, DEGs associated with the immune inflammatory response were up-regulated in the high fructose diet group, but down-regulated in leptin receptor-deficient mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that m6A methylation modifications may play an important role in the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchen Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Lu, ; Yongde Peng,
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Lu, ; Yongde Peng,
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