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Selvakumaran S, Lin CY, Hadgraft N, Chandrabose M, Owen N, Sugiyama T. Area-level socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity: Systematic review on moderation by built-environment attributes. Health Place 2023; 83:103101. [PMID: 37625238 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Residents of lower socioeconomic status (SES) areas are at a higher risk of overweight/obesity than those from higher SES areas. Built environment attributes may mitigate such inequalities. This systematic review synthesised findings of studies examining built environment attributes as potential moderators of the associations between area-level SES and overweight/obesity in adults. From five databases, nine eligible studies were identified. The SES-overweight/obesity relationship was stronger in inner areas and suburbs of large cities, while it was weaker in more rural areas. Two studies examined walkability and reported contrasting findings: no moderation in one and marginally significant moderation (less inequality in higher walkability areas) in the other. No evidence of moderation was found for street connectivity, population density, the food environment, access to physical activity facilities and several perceived environmental attributes. Further research is needed on other built environment attributes (e.g., access to, quantity and quality of green spaces, active transport features), and ideally using prospective study designs and objective makers of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkavi Selvakumaran
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Level 1 EW Building, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Level 1 EW Building, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung, 406040, Taiwan; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Nyssa Hadgraft
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Level 1 EW Building, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia; Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Manoj Chandrabose
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Level 1 EW Building, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia; Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Neville Owen
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Level 1 EW Building, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia; Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Takemi Sugiyama
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Level 1 EW Building, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia; Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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2
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Jayasinghe S, Hills AP. Strategies to Improve Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviours in Children and Adolescents: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3370. [PMID: 37571307 PMCID: PMC10420868 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread acknowledgement of the multifarious health benefits of physical activity (PA), including prevention and control of obesity, an overwhelming majority of children and adolescents are not sufficiently active to realise such benefits. Concurrently, young people are significantly impacted by the rapid global rise of sedentarism, and suboptimal dietary patterns during key phases of development. Regrettably, the cumulative effects of unhealthy behaviours during the growing years predisposes young people to the early stages of several chronic conditions, including obesity. Clear and consistent approaches are urgently needed to improve eating and activity behaviours of children and adolescents. Based on existing evidence of "best bets" to prevent and control obesity and its comorbidities, we present a set of non-negotiable strategies as a 'road map' to achieving prevention and improving the health of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew P. Hills
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
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3
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de Simone G, Mancusi C, Hanssen H, Genovesi S, Lurbe E, Parati G, Sendzikaite S, Valerio G, Di Bonito P, Di Salvo G, Ferrini M, Leeson P, Moons P, Weismann CG, Williams B. Hypertension in children and adolescents. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3290-3301. [PMID: 35896123 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Definition and management of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents are uncertain, due to different positions of current guidelines. The European Society of Cardiology task-force, constituted by Associations and Councils with interest in arterial hypertension, has reviewed current literature and evidence, to produce a Consensus Document focused on aspects of hypertension in the age range of 6-16 years, including definition, methods of measurement of blood pressure, clinical evaluation, assessment of hypertension-mediated target organ damage, evaluation of possible vascular, renal and hormonal causes, assessment and management of concomitant risk factors with specific attention for obesity, and anti-hypertensive strategies, especially focused on life-style modifications. The Consensus Panel also suggests aspects that should be studied with high priority, including generation of multi-ethnic sex, age and height specific European normative tables, implementation of randomized clinical trials on different diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, and long-term cohort studies to link with adult cardiovascular risk. Finally, suggestions for the successful implementation of the contents of the present Consensus document are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni de Simone
- Hypertension Research Center & Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Costantino Mancusi
- Hypertension Research Center & Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simonetta Genovesi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital & School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Empar Lurbe
- Paediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital & School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Skaiste Sendzikaite
- Clinic of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Procolo Di Bonito
- Department of Internal Medicine, 'S.Maria delle Grazie' Hospital, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Salvo
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University-Hospital of Padova, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marc Ferrini
- St Joseph and St Luc Hospital Department of Cardiology and Vascular Pathology, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Leeson
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Moons
- KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium & Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Constance G Weismann
- Paediatric Heart Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bryan Williams
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, and NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Fifolt M, Mooney SJ, Nabavi M, Karimi M, Nassel A, McCormick LC. Examining the Built Environment for Healthy Living via Virtual Street Audits. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221104653. [PMID: 35719848 PMCID: PMC9201360 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221104653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the fall 2019 and spring 2020 semesters, 156 MPH students enrolled in the Integrative Learning Experience at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health explored concepts of the built environment and health by auditing 2500 street segments in 4 urban neighborhoods in Birmingham, Alabama. In teams of 4 to 5, in-class and online students worked collaboratively to assess 63 built environment variables related to transportation, land use, advertisement, and neighborhood physical disorder. This type of "community assessment" is the first stage of the Evidence-based Public Health Framework and consistent with the applied nature of an MPH degree. Authors conducted secondary data analysis of final team assignments to demonstrate how students translated observations and ratings into practical recommendations for neighborhood improvements to promote physical activity. Students recommended improvements in neighborhood infrastructure and services, specifically: creating exercise space, providing outdoor exercise equipment, improving neighborhood safety, and cultivating a culture of health. The Integrative Learning Experience course encouraged students to use their knowledge and skills to prioritize recommendations to improve neighborhood conditions. Variable ratings and observations increased student awareness of the built environment and its potential to impact individual and community health. Moreover, the project helped students make connections between proximal outcomes, such as improving neighborhood walkability, and distal outcomes, such as improved health outcomes among residents. Finally, this project modeled for students the use of evidence-based strategies for making data-informed decisions, which are essential skills for new and emerging public health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Fifolt
- Department of Health Policy and
Organization, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen J Mooney
- Department of Epidemiology, University
of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meena Nabavi
- Office of Public Health Practice,
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Maryam Karimi
- Department of Environmental Health
Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ariann Nassel
- Lister Hill Center for Health Policy,
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lisa C McCormick
- Department of Environmental Health
Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Office of Public Health Practice,
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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5
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Perera M, Arambepola C, Gillison F, Peacock O, Thompson D. Perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity in adults living in activity-friendly urban environments: A qualitative study in Sri Lanka. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268817. [PMID: 35653333 PMCID: PMC9162315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite reforming health policies to create more enabling environments, insufficient physical activity in Sri Lanka remains a major public health issue. Socio-culture specific determinants underlying the physical activity of adults living in such environments need to be identified. The aim of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators for physical activity, as perceived by adult urban dwellers in activity-friendly environments in Colombo District, Sri Lanka. Methods A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted among adults aged 20–60 years living in an urban area which has been recently re-designed for recreational and rejuvenating purposes in Sri Lanka. Recruitment targeted varying socio-economic status and risk of non-communicable diseases; and was continued until the data saturation point was reached. Interviews were conducted in homes, primary healthcare units and fitness centres, and were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis. Results A total of 31 eligible and consenting adults were interviewed. Of the reported barriers to physical activity, lack of time was very common. Other frequently reported barriers included unpleasant experiences following exercise and misconceptions about exercise, whereas physical environmental factors, weather and road safety were reported less frequently. All participants reported at least one facilitator for engaging in exercise. Expectations of preventing diseases, improving health, physical fitness, psycho-social wellbeing, optimising body functions and increasing lifespan were frequently cited as reasons to be active, while social factors such as positive attitudes of family members and the influence of peers were found to be motivating. Conclusions The study showed that while participants valued the health benefits of physical activity and refurbished activity-friendly urban environments, these were not sufficient to support them to overcome key perceived barriers to being physically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhawa Perera
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
- * E-mail:
| | - Carukshi Arambepola
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Fiona Gillison
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Peacock
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Correlation Study between Rural Human Settlement Health Factors: A Case Study of Xiangxi, China. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2484850. [PMID: 35602626 PMCID: PMC9119787 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2484850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of the Industry 4.0 era in China, more refined methods are being proposed for healthy living requirements for human settlements. Since the rural human settlements in China are relatively backward, this study aimed to investigate the influencing factors of human health. First, through field surveys and questionnaires conducted with villagers in Xiangxi’s traditional villages in Hunan Province, we analyzed the factors affecting human health qualitatively and quantitatively using the SPSS software. We identified three main dimensions affecting human health in rural human settlements including human behavioral activities, physical environment, and natural environment. Then, we used correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis methods to analyze the correlation between environmental factors and human health. The results showed that human activities, building physical environment, and natural environment are significantly correlated with human health. Among them, human behavior has the strongest correlation with health. This research contributes to creating healthy human settlements and guiding the creation of a healthy environment in rural China.
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Jayasinghe S, Flies EJ, Soward R, Kendal D, Kilpatrick M, Holloway TP, Patterson KAE, Ahuja KDK, Hughes R, Byrne NM, Hills AP. A Spatial Analysis of Access to Physical Activity Infrastructure and Healthy Food in Regional Tasmania. Front Public Health 2021; 9:773609. [PMID: 34926390 PMCID: PMC8671161 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.773609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity continues to increase in regional areas such as North-West (NW) Tasmania and show no signs of abating. It is possible that limited access to physical activity infrastructure (PAI) and healthier food options are exacerbating the low levels of habitual physical activity and obesity prevalence in these communities. Despite a burgeoning research base, concomitant exploration of both physical activity and food environments in rural and regional areas remain scarce. This research evaluated access (i.e., coverage, variety, density, and proximity) to physical activity resources and food outlets in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) in three NW Tasmanian communities. In all three study areas, the PAI and food outlets were largely concentrated in the main urban areas with most recreational tracks and natural amenities located along the coastline or river areas. Circular Head had the lowest total number of PAI (n = 43) but a greater proportion (30%) of free-to-access outdoor amenities. There was marked variation in accessibility to infrastructure across different areas of disadvantage within and between sites. For a considerable proportion of the population, free-to-access natural amenities/green spaces and recreational tracks (73 and 57%, respectively) were beyond 800 m from their households. In relation to food accessibility, only a small proportion of the food outlets across the region sells predominantly healthy (i.e., Tier 1) foods (~6, 13, and 10% in Burnie, Circular Head and Devonport, respectively). Similarly, only a small proportion of the residents are within a reasonable walking distance (i.e., 5–10 min walk) from outlets. In contrast, a much larger proportion of residents lived close to food outlets selling predominantly energy-dense, highly processed food (i.e., Tier 2 outlets). Circular Head had at least twice as many Tier 1 food stores per capita than Devonport and Burnie (0.23 vs. 0.10 and 0.06; respectively) despite recording the highest average distance (4.35 and 5.66 km to Tier 2/Tier 1 stores) to a food outlet. As such, it is possible that both food and physical activity environment layouts in each site are contributing to the obesogenic nature of each community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisitha Jayasinghe
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Emily J Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Healthy Landscapes Research Group, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Robert Soward
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dave Kendal
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Michelle Kilpatrick
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Timothy P Holloway
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kira A E Patterson
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kiran D K Ahuja
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Roger Hughes
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Torres R, Silva JA, Vieira SS, Camilo de Carvalho PDT, Bocalini DS, Andrade E, Casarin C, Suzuki F, Antonio EL, Tucci PJF, Serra AJ. Cardiovascular risk and quality of life in supermarket cashiers: The role of physical activity. Work 2021; 67:459-465. [PMID: 33074209 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupations might influence the employees' psychophysical conditions and an important issue is the human activity mechanization, which favors a hypokinetic work status and leads to several chronic diseases. One of the most hypokinetic occupations is the supermarket cashier, in which the individual may spend many hours a day in the same body position. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between cardiovascular risk, quality of life and physical activity level in supermarket cashiers. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study which included 200 supermarket cashiers aged 20 to 41 years from São Paulo, Brazil. The following cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated: overweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and tobacco smoking. Physical activity level and quality of life were assessed with the short-form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAq) and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL), respectively. Student t test and Chi-square were carried out to evaluate mean gender comparations and frequency, respectively. Logistic regression models were applied to determine the association between cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity level. RESULTS The prevalence for all cardiovascular risk factors was significantly high in the cashiers with a low physical activity level. However, there was a significant reduction in several risk factors in the groups with moderate and high physical activity levels. The odds ratio values were significantly reduced for the association between the cardiovascular risk factors and the moderate and high physical activity levels. The cashiers with moderate and high physical activity levels showed significantly higher quality of life scores for the social and environmental domain. CONCLUSIONS A high physical activity level is positively related to quality of life in supermarket cashiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Torres
- Programa de pós-graduação em biofotônica aplicada as ciências da saúde. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Silva
- Programa de pós-graduação em biofotônica aplicada as ciências da saúde. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella Sousa Vieira
- Programa de pós-graduação em Cardiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Sales Bocalini
- Laboratorio de fisiologia e bioquimica experimental, centro de educacao fisica e deportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Erinaldo Andrade
- Programa de pós-graduação em biofotônica aplicada as ciências da saúde. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cezar Casarin
- Programa de pós-graduação em biofotônica aplicada as ciências da saúde. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank Suzuki
- Programa de pós-graduação em biofotônica aplicada as ciências da saúde. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei Luiz Antonio
- Programa de pós-graduação em Cardiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Programa de pós-graduação em biofotônica aplicada as ciências da saúde. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de pós-graduação em Cardiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Huang W, Shi X, Wang Y, Li X, Gao P, Lu J, Zhuang J. Determinants of student's physical activity: a 12-month follow-up study in Ningxia province. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:512. [PMID: 33726744 PMCID: PMC7968158 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity has many health benefits for children and adolescents. However, the prevalence of physical inactivity in school-aged children and adolescents remains high in China. Many factors impact the levels of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among students. This study investigated the factors associated with students’ MVPA levels and the determinants of changes in their MVPA behaviour. Methods This is a longitudinal study with a 12-month follow-up. The study samples were obtained from 2016 and 2017 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study, and they included 1597 students (aged 9–18 years) from 31 primary, junior high, and high schools in Ningxia Province. Factors related to the individual (Age, Sex, BMI and attitude to PA), school (school exercise facility, PE class, teacher support, PA time and PA environment) and neighbourhood (free skill training, sport events, sport organization, sport facility) factors were measured via questionnaire at baseline and after 12 months. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the factors that impact students’ MVPA level and the determinants of changes in students’ MVPA behaviour. Results There was no difference in students’ MVPA levels between 2016 and 2017. Boys were more physically active than girls at baseline (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.10, 2.20). Neighbourhood factors associated students’ MVPA levels were significant, but all of these factors (neighbourhood sport events, organizations, facilities, etc.) were removed from the longitudinal model. Individual and school factors were important for students’ MVPA maintenance and positive development (e.g., gender, attitude, school PE class and PA time). Conclusions In conclusion, both neighbourhood and school factors may affect students’ MVPA, but school appears to plays a more critical role in maintaining and promoting students’ MVPA levels. In addition, individual factors may be more important than school and neighbourhood factors in influencing students’ MVPA levels. Our research demonstrates that students’ attitudes towards PA and school factors should be considered targets for future intervention programmes to promote MVPA. More education programmes may help enhance students’ attitudes towards PA, but more studies with large samples and objective assessments are needed to explore the determinants of MVPA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10525-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiangrong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Halth Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- School of Physical Education, Ningxia University, 489 He Lan Shan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Pengpeng Gao
- School of Physical Education, North Minzu University, 204 Wen Chang North Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Jieguo Lu
- Physical Education, Health and Art Office, Ningxia Provincial Department of Education, 127 Shang Hai West Road, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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10
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Yu F, Salisbury D, Mathiason MA. Inter-individual differences in the responses to aerobic exercise in Alzheimer's disease: Findings from the FIT-AD trial. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:65-72. [PMID: 32505710 PMCID: PMC7858037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the strong evidence of aerobic exercise as a disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in animal models, its effects on cognition are inconsistent in human studies. A major contributor to these findings is inter-individual differences in the responses to aerobic exercise, which was well documented in the general population but not in those with AD. The purpose of this study was to examine inter-individual differences in aerobic fitness and cognitive responses to a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention in community-dwelling older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia due to AD. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of the Effects of Aerobic Exercise for Treating Alzheimer's Disease (FIT-AD) trial data. Aerobic fitness was measured by the shuttle walk test (SWT), the 6-min walk test (6MWT), and the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) test, and cognition by the AD Assessment Scale-Cognition (ADAS-Cog). Inter-individual differences were calculated as the differences in the standard deviation of 6-month change (SDR) in the SWT, 6MWT, VO2max, and ADAS-Cog between the intervention and control groups. RESULTS Seventy-eight participants were included in this study (77.4 ± 6.3 years old, mean ± SD; 15.7 ± 2.8 years of education; 41% were female). VO2max was available for 26 participants (77.7 ± 7.1 years old; 14.8 ± 2.6 years of education; 35% were female). The SDR was 37.0, 121.1, 1.7, and 2.3 for SWT, 6MWT, VO2max, and ADAS-Cog, respectively. CONCLUSION There are true inter-individual differences in aerobic fitness and cognitive responses to aerobic exercise in older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia due to AD. These inter-individual differences likely underline the inconsistent cognitive benefits in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Adult and Gerontological Health Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Dereck Salisbury
- Adult and Gerontological Health Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michelle A Mathiason
- Adult and Gerontological Health Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Keats MR, Cui Y, DeClercq V, Grandy SA, Sweeney E, Dummer TJB. Associations between Neighborhood Walkability, Physical Activity, and Chronic Disease in Nova Scotian Adults: An Atlantic PATH Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228643. [PMID: 33233809 PMCID: PMC7699929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: While neighborhood walkability has been shown to positively influence health behaviors, less is known about its impact on chronic disease. Our aim was to examine the association between walkability and self-reported physical activity in relation to chronic health conditions in an Atlantic Canadian population. Methods: Using data from the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow's Health, a prospective cohort study, we employed both a cross-sectional and a prospective analytical approach to investigate associations of walkability and physical activity with five prevalent chronic diseases and multimorbidity. Results: The cross-sectional data show that participants with the lowest neighborhood walkability were more likely to have reported a pre-existing history of cancer and depression and least likely to report chronic respiratory conditions. Participants with low physical activity were more likely to have a pre-existing history of diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and multimorbidity. Follow-up analyses showed no significant associations between walkability and chronic disease incidence. Low levels of physical activity were significantly associated with diabetes, cancer and multimorbidity. Conclusions: Our data provides evidence for the health protective benefits of higher levels of physical activity, and a reduction in prevalence of some chronic diseases in more walkable communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Keats
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(902)-494-7173
| | - Yunsong Cui
- Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (Y.C.); (V.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Vanessa DeClercq
- Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (Y.C.); (V.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Scott A. Grandy
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Ellen Sweeney
- Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (Y.C.); (V.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Trevor J. B. Dummer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
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Madden SK, Cordon EL, Bailey C, Skouteris H, Ahuja K, Hills AP, Hill B. The effect of workplace lifestyle programmes on diet, physical activity, and weight-related outcomes for working women: A systematic review using the TIDieR checklist. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13027. [PMID: 32803854 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and healthy diets are essential for the prevention of obesity and chronic disease that disparately impact women compared with men. Given the number of women engaged in the workforce, workplace interventions could improve lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes for women. This systematic review aimed to identify intervention characteristics of lifestyle programmes or organizational policy changes in the workplace associated with improved diet, physical activity, or weight-related outcomes for working women using the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist. Seven databases were searched for controlled studies published up to March 2019 that included a workplace diet and/or physical activity intervention. From 5,318 identified records, 20 studies (23 articles and 26 intervention arms) were included. Data were extracted on diet, physical activity, weight-related outcomes, and TIDieR components. Findings indicated that group delivery may improve physical activity outcomes, and a high number of sessions may benefit weight-related outcomes for physical activity interventions. Mixed interventions that included tailoring and input from non-healthcare professionals may also enhance physical activity. In contrast, the role of mixed interventions in improving diet and weight-related outcomes was less clear. Overall, workplace health programmes were effective at improving lifestyle behaviours for working women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonad K Madden
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Emma L Cordon
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cate Bailey
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kiran Ahuja
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Briony Hill
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Willing M, Dresen C, Haverkamp U, Schinzel S. Analyzing medical device connectivity and its effect on cyber security in german hospitals. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:246. [PMID: 32993623 PMCID: PMC7526356 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-01259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern healthcare devices can be connected to computer networks and many western healthcare institutions run those devices in networks. At the same time, cyber attacks are on the rise and there is evidence that cybercriminals do not spare critical infrastructure such as major hospitals, even if they endanger patients. Intuitively, the more and closer connected healthcare devices are to public networks, the higher the risk of getting attacked. METHODS To asses the current connectivity status of healthcare devices, we surveyed the field of German hospitals and especially University Medical Center UMCs. RESULTS The results show a strong correlation between the networking degree and the number of medical devices. The average number of medical devices is 25.150, with a median of networked medical devices of 3.600. Actual key users of networked medical devices are the departments Radiology, Intensive Care, Radio-Oncology RO, Nuclear Medicine NUC, and Anaesthesiology in the group of UMCs. In the next five years, the usage of networked medical devices will increase significantly in the departments of Surgery, Intensive Care, and Radiology. We detected a strong correlation between the degree of connectivity and the likelihood of being attacked.The survey answers regarding the cyber security status reveal a lack of security basics in some of the inquired hospitals. We did discover successful attacks in hospitals with separated or subsidiary departments. A fusion of competencies on an organizational level facilitates the right behavior here. Most hospitals rated themselves predominantly positively in the self-assessment but also stated the usefulness of IT security insurance. CONCLUSIONS Concluding our results, hospitals are already facing the consequences of omitted measures within their growing pool of medical devices. Continuously relying on historically grown structures without adaption and trusting manufactures to solve vectors is a critical behavior that could seriously endanger patients.
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Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Emotional Well-Being during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145170. [PMID: 32709003 PMCID: PMC7399902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 lock down on lifestyle in China during the initial stage of the pandemic. A questionnaire was distributed to Chinese adults living in 31 provinces of China via the internet using a snowball sampling strategy. Information on 7-day physical activity recall, screen time, and emotional state were collected between January 24 and February 2, 2020. ANOVA, χ² test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. 12,107 participants aged 18–80 years were included. During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, nearly 60% of Chinese adults had inadequate physical activity (95% CI 56.6%–58.3%), which was more than twice the global prevalence (27.5%, 25.0%–32.2%). Their mean screen time was more than 4 hours per day while staying at home (261.3 ± 189.8 min per day), and the longest screen time was found in young adults (305.6 ± 217.5 min per day). We found a positive and significant correlation between provincial proportions of confirmed COVID-19 cases and negative affect scores (r = 0.501, p = 0.004). Individuals with vigorous physical activity appeared to have a better emotional state and less screen time than those with light physical activity. During this nationwide lockdown, more than half of Chinese adults temporarily adopted a sedentary lifestyle with insufficient physical activity, more screen time, and poor emotional state, which may carry considerable health risks. Promotion of home-based self-exercise can potentially help improve health and wellness.
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Adebusoye B, Phalkey R, Leonardi-Bee J, Chattopadhyay K. Association of the built environment with physical activity in children and adolescents in Africa: a systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2020; 18:553-563. [PMID: 32197014 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the association between the built environment and physical activity in children and adolescents in Africa. INTRODUCTION Physical activity offers immense benefits to children and adolescents. Some built environment constructs, such as street connectivity and the availability of parks, have been identified to facilitate physical activity in children and adolescents; however, this evidence has come from developed countries. This review will present evidence from Africa on the built environment constructs that facilitate physical activity in children and adolescents. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider quantitative studies that have built environment constructs as one of their exposure variables and physical activity as one of their outcomes and were conducted in children and adolescents aged five to 19 years residing in Africa. METHODS A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and other sources will be conducted to locate both published and unpublished studies. There will be no date or language restrictions. Titles, abstracts, and full text of articles retrieved from the search will be screened and read by two reviewers independently for eligibility. Included articles will be critically appraised independently by two reviewers. Data extraction will be performed in two phases, first for information regarding the study characteristics and then to extract specific study findings. Meta-analysis will be used to synthesize the findings from the studies; however, where this is not possible, a narrative synthesis will be performed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42019133324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busola Adebusoye
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,The Nottingham Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence
| | - Revati Phalkey
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Leonardi-Bee
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,The Nottingham Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kaushik Chattopadhyay
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,The Nottingham Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence
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Kario K, Chirinos JA, Townsend RR, Weber MA, Scuteri A, Avolio A, Hoshide S, Kabutoya T, Tomiyama H, Node K, Ohishi M, Ito S, Kishi T, Rakugi H, Li Y, Chen CH, Park JB, Wang JG. Systemic hemodynamic atherothrombotic syndrome (SHATS) – Coupling vascular disease and blood pressure variability: Proposed concept from pulse of Asia. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 63:22-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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