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Polyploidy as a Fundamental Phenomenon in Evolution, Development, Adaptation and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073542. [PMID: 35408902 PMCID: PMC8998937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication during cell proliferation is 'vertical' copying, which reproduces an initial amount of genetic information. Polyploidy, which results from whole-genome duplication, is a fundamental complement to vertical copying. Both organismal and cell polyploidy can emerge via premature cell cycle exit or via cell-cell fusion, the latter giving rise to polyploid hybrid organisms and epigenetic hybrids of somatic cells. Polyploidy-related increase in biological plasticity, adaptation, and stress resistance manifests in evolution, development, regeneration, aging, oncogenesis, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the prevalence in nature and importance for medicine, agri- and aquaculture, biological processes and epigenetic mechanisms underlying these fundamental features largely remain unknown. The evolutionarily conserved features of polyploidy include activation of transcription, response to stress, DNA damage and hypoxia, and induction of programs of morphogenesis, unicellularity, and longevity, suggesting that these common features confer adaptive plasticity, viability, and stress resistance to polyploid cells and organisms. By increasing cell viability, polyploidization can provide survival under stressful conditions where diploid cells cannot survive. However, in somatic cells it occurs at the expense of specific function, thus promoting developmental programming of adult cardiovascular diseases and increasing the risk of cancer. Notably, genes arising via evolutionary polyploidization are heavily involved in cancer and other diseases. Ploidy-related changes of gene expression presumably originate from chromatin modifications and the derepression of bivalent genes. The provided evidence elucidates the role of polyploidy in evolution, development, aging, and carcinogenesis, and may contribute to the development of new strategies for promoting regeneration and preventing cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
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Lausten-Thomsen U, Lund MAV, Stinson SE, Frithioff-Bøjsøe C, Holm LA, Baker JL, Fonvig CE, Christiansen M, Ängquist L, Hansen T, Holm JC. Neonatal Anthropometrics and Obesity Treatment Response in Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr 2022; 242:74-78.e2. [PMID: 34774572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between in utero growth conditions, as indicated by neonatal anthropometric measures, and childhood obesity treatment response, to examine the potential usefulness of neonatal anthropometrics as a potential childhood obesity treatment stratification tool. STUDY DESIGN The study included 2474 children and adolescents with obesity (mean age, 11.2 years; range, 5.0-18.9 years) treated at the Children's Obesity Clinic in Holbæk, Denmark. Treatment response was registered prospectively, and neonatal data were collected from national electronic registers. RESULTS Birth weight, birth length, birth weight for gestational age, and large for gestational age status were positively associated with the degree of obesity at treatment initiation. After a mean (SD) of 1.27 (0.69) years of enrollment in obesity treatment, the children exhibited a mean reduction of -0.32 (0.50) in body mass index SD score. No significant associations between neonatal anthropometric measures and childhood obesity treatment response were detected. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal anthropometric measures were positively associated with the degree of obesity at treatment initiation but not with response to multidisciplinary treatment of childhood obesity. Individualization of obesity treatment based on neonatal anthropometry does not seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Morten Asp Vonsild Lund
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Elizabeth Stinson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Frithioff-Bøjsøe
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Aas Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Lyn Baker
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cilius Esmann Fonvig
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Michael Christiansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Danish National Biobank and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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A roadmap for the Human Developmental Cell Atlas. Nature 2021; 597:196-205. [PMID: 34497388 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Human Developmental Cell Atlas (HDCA) initiative, which is part of the Human Cell Atlas, aims to create a comprehensive reference map of cells during development. This will be critical to understanding normal organogenesis, the effect of mutations, environmental factors and infectious agents on human development, congenital and childhood disorders, and the cellular basis of ageing, cancer and regenerative medicine. Here we outline the HDCA initiative and the challenges of mapping and modelling human development using state-of-the-art technologies to create a reference atlas across gestation. Similar to the Human Genome Project, the HDCA will integrate the output from a growing community of scientists who are mapping human development into a unified atlas. We describe the early milestones that have been achieved and the use of human stem-cell-derived cultures, organoids and animal models to inform the HDCA, especially for prenatal tissues that are hard to acquire. Finally, we provide a roadmap towards a complete atlas of human development.
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Wedn AM, El-Bassossy HM, Eid AH, El-Mas MM. Modulation of preeclampsia by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: Therapeutic perspectives. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114703. [PMID: 34324867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is vital for the orchestration of the immune and inflammatory responses under normal and challenged conditions. Over the past two decades, peripheral and central circuits of CAP have been shown to be critically involved in dampening the inflammatory reaction in a wide array of inflammatory disorders. Additionally, emerging evidence supports a key role for CAP in the regulation of the female reproductive system during gestation as well as in the advent of serious pregnancy-related inflammatory insults such as preeclampsia (PE). Within this framework, the modulatory action of CAP encompasses the perinatal maternal and fetal adverse consequences that surface due to antenatal PE programming. Albeit, a considerable gap still exists in our knowledge of the precise cellular and molecular underpinnings of PE/CAP interaction, which hampered global efforts in safeguarding effective preventive or therapeutic measures against PE complications. Here, we summarize reports in the literature regarding the roles of peripheral and reflex cholinergic neuroinflammatory pathways of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in reprogramming PE complications in mothers and their progenies. The possible contributions of α7-nAChRs, cholinesterases, immune cells, adhesion molecules, angiogenesis, and endothelial dysfunction to the interaction have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla M Wedn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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Cadney MD, Hiramatsu L, Thompson Z, Zhao M, Kay JC, Singleton JM, Albuquerque RLD, Schmill MP, Saltzman W, Garland T. Effects of early-life exposure to Western diet and voluntary exercise on adult activity levels, exercise physiology, and associated traits in selectively bred High Runner mice. Physiol Behav 2021; 234:113389. [PMID: 33741375 PMCID: PMC8106885 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exercise behavior is under partial genetic control, but it is also affected by numerous environmental factors, potentially including early-life experiences whose effects persist into adulthood. We studied genetic and early-life environmental effects on wheel-running behavior in a mouse model that includes four replicate high runner (HR) lines selectively bred for increased voluntary wheel running as young adults and four non-selected control (C) lines. In a full factorial design, mice from each line were granted wheel access or not and administered either standard or Western diet (WD) from weaning (3 weeks old) to 6 weeks of age (sexual maturity). In addition to acute effects, after a washout period of 8 weeks (∼6 human years) in which all mice had standard diet and no wheel access, we found both beneficial and detrimental effects of these early-life exposures. During the first week of treatments, WD increased distance run by 29% in C mice and 48% in HR mice (significant Diet × Linetype interaction), but diet effects disappeared by the third week. Across the three weeks of juvenile treatment, WD significantly increased fat mass (with lean mass as a covariate). Tested as adults, early-life exercise increased wheel running of C mice but not HR mice in the first week. Early-life exercise also reduced adult anxiety-like behavior and increased adult fasted blood glucose levels, triceps surae mass, subdermal fat pad mass, and brain mass, but decreased heart ventricle mass. Using fat mass as a covariate, early-life exercise treatment increased adult leptin concentration. In contrast, early-life WD increased adult wheel running of HR mice but not C mice. Early-life WD also increased adult lean mass and adult preference for Western diet in all groups. Surprisingly, early-life treatment had no significant effect on adult body fat or maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max). No previous study has tested for combined or interactive effects of early-life WD and exercise. Our results demonstrate that both factors can have long-lasting effects on adult voluntary exercise and related phenotypes, and that these effects are modulated by genetic background. Overall, the long-lasting effects of early-life exercise were more pervasive than those of WD, suggesting critical opportunities for health intervention in childhood habits, as well as possible threats from modern challenges. These results may be relevant for understanding potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with the obesity epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell D Cadney
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Layla Hiramatsu
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zoe Thompson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jarren C Kay
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jennifer M Singleton
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - Margaret P Schmill
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wendy Saltzman
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Oikonomou N, Fouzas S, Gkentzi D, Dimitriou G, Karatza AA. Aortic intima-media thickness in neonates exposed to early-onset preeclampsia. Early Hum Dev 2020; 151:105166. [PMID: 32889166 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) and its ratio to aortic diameter (aIMT/AoD) were measured on the second and fifth postnatal day in 39 neonates exposed to early-onset preeclampsia and 39 controls. Both aIMT and aIMT/AoD were higher in neonates exposed to preeclampsia (P < 0.001 for all comparisons).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Oikonomou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, Greece
| | - Sotirios Fouzas
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, Greece.
| | - Despoina Gkentzi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, Greece
| | - Gabriel Dimitriou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, Greece
| | - Ageliki A Karatza
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, Greece
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Doğanlar O, Doğanlar ZB, Ovali MA, Güçlü O, Demir U, Doğan A, Uzun M. Melatonin regulates oxidative stress and apoptosis in fetal hearts of pinealectomised RUPP rats. Hypertens Pregnancy 2020; 39:429-443. [PMID: 32791955 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2020.1802595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin on cardiac oxidative stress and apoptosis in the fetal heart in RUPP rats. METHODS The fetal heart samples were obtained from melatonin administrated RUPP rats. RESULTS Our results indicate that preeclampsia exacerbated by melatonin deficiency triggers hypoxic conditions, both mis/un-folded protein response, oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Melatonin treatment provided significant therapeutic effects on fetal hearts via regulating all these stress response at cellular and molecular levels. CONCLUSION Melatonin may be considered as a potential molecule for development of preventive strategies to reduce the PE induced risk of cardiovascular diseases in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Banu Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Ovali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Orkut Güçlü
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Demir
- Experimental Research Center, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ayten Doğan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne, Turkey
| | - Metehan Uzun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
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Bustan-Nahumson M, Bornstein S, Feldstein O, Levy M, Schreiber L, Bar J, Kovo M, Weiner E. Preeclampsia in Different Maternal Age Groups-Is There an Association with Pregnancy Outcomes and Placental Pathology? Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1879-1887. [PMID: 32562243 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to compare maternal characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, and placental pathology in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia at three different maternal age groups. Medical records and pathological reports of patients diagnosed with preeclampsia and delivered between 2008 and 2018 in a single tertiary center, were reviewed. Preeclampsia was diagnosed according to the current ACOG guidelines. Study population was divided into 3 groups of maternal age: group 1-< 27 years; group 2-27-35 years; and group 3-> 35 years (advanced maternal age = AMA). Data regarding maternal characteristics, neonatal outcomes, and placental histopathological lesions were compared between the groups. Composite adverse neonatal outcome was defined as ≥ 1 early neonatal complication. The AMA group (n = 145) was associated with a higher BMI, and higher rates of diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic hypertension (CHTN), and Cesarean deliveries compared with group 1 (n = 107) and group 2 (n = 255). The AMA group also had lower neonatal birthweights and a higher rate of composite adverse neonatal outcome compared with the other age groups. None of the placental lesions differed between the groups. By multivariable analysis, we found that maternal age (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17-3.93), GA at delivery (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.61-0.90), DM (aOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07-3.05), and CHTN (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08-2.01) were independently associated with composite adverse neonatal outcome. Pregnancies at AMA were associated with higher complication rates, but without any differences in placental pathology, suggesting that the worse outcomes associated with AMA in preeclampsia are attributed to maternal chronic morbidities and not to differences observed in placental pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Bustan-Nahumson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Sandy Bornstein
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad Feldstein
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Levy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Letizia Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Bar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Kovo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Weiner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Chourdakis E, Fouzas S, Papadopoulou C, Oikonomou N, Hahalis G, Dimitriou G, Karatza AA. Effect of Early-Onset Preeclampsia on Offspring's Blood Pressure during the First Month of Life. J Pediatr 2020; 220:21-26.e1. [PMID: 32093926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of early-onset preeclampsia on the blood pressure of offspring during the first month of life. STUDY DESIGN This prospective case-control study included 106 neonates of mothers with early-onset preeclampsia (developing at <34 weeks of gestation) and 106 infants of normotensive mothers, matched 1-to-1 for sex and gestational age. Serial blood pressure measurements were obtained on admission, daily for the first postnatal week, and then weekly up to the fourth week of life. RESULTS There were no differences in blood pressure values on admission and the first day of life between cases and controls. Conversely, infants exposed to preeclampsia had significantly higher systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean blood pressure (MBP) on the subsequent days up to the fourth postnatal week (P <.001-.033). Multiple regression analyses with adjustment for sex, gestational age, antenatal corticosteroid use, and maternal antihypertensive medication use confirmed the foregoing findings (P <.001-.048). Repeated-measures ANOVA also identified preeclampsia as a significant determinant of trends in SBP, DBP, and MBP during the first month of life (F = 16.2, P < .001; F = 16.4, P < .001; and F = 17.7, P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Infants of mothers with early-onset preeclampsia have elevated blood pressure values throughout the neonatal period compared with infants born to normotensive mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Chourdakis
- Department of Cardiology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Sotirios Fouzas
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, Rion-Patras, Greece.
| | - Chrysanthi Papadopoulou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Oikonomou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - George Hahalis
- Department of Cardiology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Gabriel Dimitriou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Ageliki A Karatza
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, Rion-Patras, Greece
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Weiner E, Feldstein O, Schreiber L, Grinstein E, Barber E, Dekalo A, Mizrachi Y, Bar J, Kovo M. None, One, or Both Placentas Involved with Malperfusion Lesions in Twin Pregnancies Complicated by Preeclampsia-Does It Matter? Reprod Sci 2020; 27:845-852. [PMID: 32046401 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to study the association between the number of placentas with vascular malperfusion lesions in dichorionic twin pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and the severity of the disease and pregnancy outcomes. Dichorionic twin pregnancies with preeclampsia (n = 125), from January 2007-June 2018, were reviewed. Affected placenta was defined as the presence of maternal/fetal vascular malperfusion lesions. Maternal demographics, pregnancy characteristics, and neonatal outcomes were compared between three groups: no pathological placentas, one pathological placenta, and two pathological placentas. Composite adverse neonatal outcome was defined as ≥ 1 early neonatal complication. Regression analysis models were used to recognize independent associations with the number of involved placentas. The two pathological placenta group (n = 57 pregnancies), the one pathological placenta group (n = 40 pregnancies), and the no pathological placenta group (n = 28 pregnancies) differed in terms of gestational age (GA) at delivery (p < 0.001, p = 0.008) and the rates of severe features (p = 0.028, p = 0.047). Neonates born to the two pathological placenta group (n = 114), the one pathological placenta group (n = 80), and the no pathological placenta group (n = 56) were characterized by lower birth weights (p < 0.001, p = 0.031), higher rates of small for gestational age (SGA) (p = 0.017, p = 0.748), neonatal intensive care unit admission (p = 0.004, p = 0.013), and composite adverse neonatal outcome (p < 0.001, p = 0.025). By regression analyses, the presence of two pathological placentas was found to be independently associated with severe features (aOR = 5.1), GA at delivery < 32 weeks (aOR = 2.0), SGA (aOR = 2.5), and composite adverse neonatal outcome (aOR = 2.7). In dichorionic twin pregnancies, there is an association between the presences of placental vascular malperfusion lesions in none, one, or both placentas and the development of early and severe preeclampsia, as well as with SGA and adverse neonatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Weiner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 58100, Holon, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ohad Feldstein
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 58100, Holon, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Letizia Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 58100, Holon, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Grinstein
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 58100, Holon, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Barber
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 58100, Holon, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ann Dekalo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 58100, Holon, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yossi Mizrachi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 58100, Holon, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Bar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 58100, Holon, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Kovo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 58100, Holon, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Papathanasiou AE, Briana DD, Gavrili S, Georgantzi S, Papathoma E, Marmarinos A, Christou C, Voulgaris K, Gourgiotis D, Malamitsi‐Puchner A. Cord blood fatty acid-binding protein-4 levels are upregulated at both ends of the birthweight spectrum. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:2083-2088. [PMID: 31025416 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM Fatty acid-binding protein-4 (FABP4) is an adipokine associated with obesity and signs of the metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate at birth in term neonates with normal and abnormal intrauterine growth concentrations of FABP4 and associate them with various perinatal parameters. METHODS Serum cord blood FABP4 levels were prospectively determined by ELISA in 80 singleton term appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA), intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates. RESULTS Compared to the AGA group, cord blood FABP4 levels were increased in the IUGR and LGA groups. Additionally, they were higher in early-term than full-term neonates. A significant U-shaped correlation was recorded between serum FABP4 levels and birthweight. A significant negative correlation between cord blood FABP4 and gestational age in the whole study population was noted. CONCLUSION Cord blood FABP4 levels were significantly higher at the extremes of foetal growth at term and negatively correlated with gestational age, being increased in early-term versus full-term neonates. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are required to elucidate FABP4 implication in foetal growth and its association with future adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Despina D. Briana
- Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Stavroula Gavrili
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ‘Alexandra’ University and State Maternity Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Sophia Georgantzi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ‘Alexandra’ University and State Maternity Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Evangelia Papathoma
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ‘Alexandra’ University and State Maternity Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Antonios Marmarinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry‐Molecular Diagnostics 2nd Department of Pediatrics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Gourgiotis
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry‐Molecular Diagnostics 2nd Department of Pediatrics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
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12
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Eirini Papathanasiou A, Malamitsi-Puchner A, Gavrili S, Zachaki S, Georgantzi S, Marmarinos A, Christou C, Voulgaris K, Gourgiotis D, Briana DD. Perinatal lipocalin-2 profile at the extremes of fetal growth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:2166-2172. [PMID: 31450995 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1659774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) has been identified as an osteoblast-secreted hormone regulating immunity, inflammation and metabolic homeostasis and has emerged as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for acute kidney injury in neonates. We investigated the impact of fetal growth on antepartum maternal serum, cord serum and breast milk LCN-2 concentrations and the associations of the latter with perinatal parameters. METHODS Maternal serum, cord serum and breast milk LCN-2 concentrations were measured by ELISA in samples from 80 mothers who delivered 40 appropriate (AGA), 20 large for gestational age (LGA) and 20 intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) neonates, classified by customized weight centiles. LCN-2 concentrations were associated with birth weight, customized centile, gender, maternal age and delivery mode. RESULTS Antepartum maternal serum LCN-2 concentrations were significantly higher in women delivering AGA infants compared to the other two groups. Cord blood LCN-2 concentrations were significantly higher compared to maternal ones; furthermore, they were significantly elevated in the IUGR group compared to the LGA one (p = .019). Lowest concentrations were detected in breast milk, which did not differ between the three growth groups. A negative correlation was documented between cord blood LCN-2 concentrations and customized centiles (r: -0.304, p = .007). CONCLUSIONS The higher cord serum LCN-2 concentrations, compared to maternal ones, may point to its fetal origin and potential role in intrauterine growth. The negative correlation of cord LCN-2 concentrations with customized centiles, possibly implies reduced nephron endowment/subclinical kidney damage in IUGR neonates. The extremely low LCN-2 breast milk concentrations could imply that the secretion of LCN-2 from maternal circulation to breast milk is not influenced by factors leading to intrauterine growth pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stavroula Gavrili
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Alexandra" University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Zachaki
- Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology and Cytogenetics, National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Georgantzi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Alexandra" University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Marmarinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Gourgiotis
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina D Briana
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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13
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Karlı P, Özdemir AZ, Ayan D. Maternal Serum and Fetal Cord Blood C-Reactive Protein Levels but not Procalcitonin Levels Are Increased in Idiopathic Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6512-6517. [PMID: 31469126 PMCID: PMC6738000 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to compare procalcitonin and CRP levels in maternal serum and fetal cord blood samples of patients with idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) vs. a control group of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present prospective study included 43 patients: 27 patients with idiopathic IUGR (IUGR group) and 26 AGA infants at similar gestational ages (control group). Maternal serum and fetal cord blood samples were collected from the control group and IUGR group at time of delivery. Procalcitonin and CRP levels were analyzed in maternal blood. Procalcitonin and CRP levels were analyzed in fetal cord blood. RESULTS The median value of CRP levels in maternal blood was 47.5 mg/dl in the IUGR group and 15.255 mg/dl in the AGA group (p=0.001). The mdian CRP level in cord blood was 36.4 mg/dl (range, 17.3-47.2) in the IUGR group and 10.1 mg/dl (range, 4.07-16.5) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). The median maternal serum procalcitonin level was 0.05 µg/l in the IUGR group and 0.04 µg/l in the AGA group, and the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.435). The median procalcitonin value in fetal cord blood was 0.06 µg/l in the IUGR group and 0.04 µg/l in the AGA group, and the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.741). CONCLUSIONS Maternal serum and fetal cord CRP levels were higher in the IUGR group; however, there was no difference in procalcitonin, which is another inflammatory indicator, between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervin Karlı
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Z Özdemir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ondokuz Mayis University IVF Center, Ondokuz Mayis University Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Durmuş Ayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Amasya Central Public Health Laboratory, Amasya, Turkey
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14
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Kuo K, Roberts VHJ, Gaffney J, Takahashi DL, Morgan T, Lo JO, Stouffer RL, Frias AE. Maternal High-Fat Diet Consumption and Chronic Hyperandrogenemia Are Associated With Placental Dysfunction in Female Rhesus Macaques. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1937-1949. [PMID: 31180495 PMCID: PMC6656425 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The risk of adverse perinatal outcomes with maternal polycystic ovary syndrome may differ among hyperandrogenic and nonhyperandrogenic phenotypes and is likely modulated by maternal obesity and diet. The relative contribution of maternal hyperandrogenism and nutritional status to placental dysfunction is unknown. Female rhesus macaques (N = 39) were assigned at puberty to one of four treatment groups: subcutaneous cholesterol implants and a standard chow diet (controls); testosterone (T) implants and a normal diet; cholesterol implants and a high-fat, Western-style diet (WSD); and testosterone implants in combination with a high-fat diet. After 3.5 years of treatment, contrast-enhanced and Doppler ultrasound analyses of placental blood flow were performed for a representative subset of animals from each treatment group during pregnancy, and placental architecture assessed with stereological analysis. Placental growth factors, cellular nutrient sensors, and angiogenic markers were measured with ELISA and Western blotting. WSD consumption was associated with a 30% increase in placental flux rate relative to that in animals receiving a normal diet. T and WSD treatments were each independently associated with increased villous volume, and T also was associated with an ∼ 40% decrease fetal capillary volume on stereological analysis. T treatment was associated with significantly increased mTOR and SOCS3 expression. WSD consumption was associated with decreased GLUT1 expression and microvillous membrane localization. Hyperandrogenemic and nonhyperandrogenemic phenotypes are associated with altered placental angiogenesis, nutrient sensing, and glucose transport. WSD and T appear to have distinct effects on vascular impedance and capillary angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Correspondence: Kelly Kuo, MD, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, SJH 2356, Portland, Oregon 97239. E-mail:
| | - Victoria H J Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Jessica Gaffney
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Terry Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jamie O Lo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Richard L Stouffer
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Antonio E Frias
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
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15
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D'Errico JN, Stapleton PA. Developmental onset of cardiovascular disease-Could the proof be in the placenta? Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12526. [PMID: 30597690 PMCID: PMC6599488 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Barker Hypothesis states change to the maternal environment may have significant impacts on fetal development, setting the stage for adult disease to occur. The development of the maternofetal vasculature during implantation and maintenance during pregnancy is extremely precise, yet dynamic. Delays or dysfunction in the orchestration of anatomical remodeling, maintenance of blood pressure, or responsiveness to metabolic demand may have severe consequences to the developing fetus. While these intermissions may not be fatal to the developing fetus, an interruption, reduction, or an inability to meet fetal demand of blood flow during crucial stages of development may predispose young to disease later in life. Maternal inability to meet fetal demand can be attributed to improper placental development and vascular support through morphological change or physiological function will significantly limit nutrient delivery and waste exchange to the developing fetus. Therefore, we present an overview of the uteroplacental vascular network, maternal cardiovascular adaptations that occur during pregnancy, placental blood flow, and common maternal comorbidities and/or exposures that may perturb maternal homeostasis and affect fetal development. Overall, we examine uterine microvasculature pathophysiology contributing to a hostile gestational environment and fetal predisposition to disease as it relates to the Barker Hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine N D'Errico
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Phoebe A Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey
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16
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Huang XT, Yue SJ, Li C, Guo J, Huang YH, Han JZ, Feng DD, Luo ZQ. Antenatal blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by Memantine reduces the susceptibility to diabetes induced by a high-fat diet in rats with intrauterine growth restriction. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:960-970. [PMID: 28486599 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.145011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is closely related to the later development of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Excessive activation of N-methly-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) causes excitatory neurotoxicity, resulting in neuronal injury or death. Inhibition of NMDARs enhances the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and survival of islet cells in type 2 diabetic mouse and human islets. Here, we examined whether antenatal blockade of NMDARs by Memantine could decrease the risk of diabetes induced by a high-fat (HF) diet at adulthood in IUGR rats. Pregnant SD rats were assigned to four groups: control, IUGR, Memantine, and Memantine + IUGR. The pregnant rats were exposed to hypoxic conditions (FiO2 = 0.105) for 8 h/day (IUGR group) or given a daily Memantine injection (5 mg/kg, i.p.) before hypoxia exposure from embryonic day (E) 14.5 to E 20.5 (Memantine + IUGR). The offspring were fed an HF diet with 60% of the calories from age 4 to 12 weeks. We found that NMDAR mRNAs were expressed in the fetal rat pancreas. An HF diet resulted in a high rate of diabetes at adulthood in the IUGR group. Antenatal Memantine treatment decreased the risk of diabetes at adulthood of rats with IUGR, which was associated with rescued glucose tolerance, increased insulin release, improved the insulin sensitivity, and increased expression of genes related to beta-cell function in the pancreas. Together, our results suggest that antenatal blockade of NMDARs by Memantine in pregnant rats improves fetal development and reduces the susceptibility to diabetes at adulthood in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shao-Jie Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Hong Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Han
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Feng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Li Y, Buckhaults P, Li S, Tollefsbol T. Temporal Efficacy of a Sulforaphane-Based Broccoli Sprout Diet in Prevention of Breast Cancer through Modulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:451-464. [PMID: 29764806 PMCID: PMC6072582 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. An important risk factor for breast cancer is individual genetic background, which is initially generated early in human life, for example, during the processes of embryogenesis and fetal development in utero Bioactive dietary components such as sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate from cruciferous vegetables including broccoli sprouts (BSp), cabbage, and kale, has been shown to reduce the risk of developing many common cancers through regulation of epigenetic mechanisms. Our study indicates a prenatal/maternal BSp dietary treatment exhibited maximal preventive effects in inhibiting breast cancer development compared with postnatal early-life and adult BSp treatments in two transgenic mouse models that can develop breast cancer. Postnatal early-life BSp treatment starting prior to puberty onset showed protective effects in prevention of breast cancer but was not as effective as the prenatal/maternal BSp treatment. However, adulthood-administered BSp diet did not reduce mammary tumorigenesis. Our results suggest that the prenatal/maternal BSp bioactive natural plant product may impact early embryonic development by regulating global differential gene expression through affecting epigenetic profiles resulting in differential susceptibility to breast cancer later in life. These results suggest that a temporal exposure to epigenetic-modulating dietary components such as cruciferous vegetables could be a key factor for maximizing chemopreventive effects on human breast cancer. This study may lead to translational breast cancer chemopreventive potential by appropriate administration of key dietary components leading to early breast cancer prevention in humans. Cancer Prev Res; 11(8); 451-64. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Phillip Buckhaults
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Trygve Tollefsbol
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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18
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Weiner E, Feldstein O, Tamayev L, Grinstein E, Barber E, Bar J, Schreiber L, Kovo M. Placental histopathological lesions in correlation with neonatal outcome in preeclampsia with and without severe features. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 12:6-10. [PMID: 29674201 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare pregnancy outcome and placental histopathology in women with preeclampsia (PE) with and without severe features. METHODS The medical records and placental pathology reports of all pregnancies complicated by PE during 2008-2016, were reviewed. Results were compared between those with and without severe features (severe PE vs. mild PE groups), according to current ACOG guidelines. Placental lesions were classified to maternal/fetal vascular supply lesions, and maternal/fetal inflammatory responses. Small for gestational age (SGA) was defined as neonatal birth-weight ≤10th%. Composite adverse neonatal outcome was defined as one or more of the following: sepsis, transfusion, phototherapy, respiratory morbidity, cerebral morbidity, NEC, or death. RESULTS The severe PE group (n = 284) was characterized by lower gestational age at delivery (p < 0.001), and higher rates of antenatal corticosteroid use (p = 0.003), and cesarean deliveries (p < 0.001) as compared to the mild PE group (n = 151). More placentas <10th% and more composite maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) lesions were observed in the severe PE group as compared to the mild PE group (p < 0.001 for both). In multivariate analysis, composite placental MVM lesions were independently associated with severe PE (aOR = 1.75, 95%CI 1.4-4.9). Higher rates of SGA (p = 0.016), and composite adverse neonatal outcome (p = 0.002) characterized the severe PE group. In multivariate analysis, adverse neonatal outcome was independently associated with gestational age (aOR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.49-0.68), SGA (aOR = 1.75, 95%CI = 1.15-3.59), severe PE (aOR = 1.8, 95%CI = 1.13-3.54) and placental MVM lesions (aOR = 2.13, 95%CI = 1.05-4.39). CONCLUSION More pronounced placental pathology and higher rate of adverse neonatal outcome characterize preeclampsia with severe features as compared with the milder form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Weiner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ohad Feldstein
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liliya Tamayev
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Grinstein
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Barber
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Bar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Letizia Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Kovo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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19
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Rozo AV, Babu DA, Suen PA, Groff DN, Seeley RJ, Simmons RA, Seale P, Ahima RS, Stoffers DA. Neonatal GLP1R activation limits adult adiposity by durably altering hypothalamic architecture. Mol Metab 2017; 6:748-759. [PMID: 28702330 PMCID: PMC5485307 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult obesity risk is influenced by alterations to fetal and neonatal environments. Modifying neonatal gut or neurohormone signaling pathways can have negative metabolic consequences in adulthood. Here we characterize the effect of neonatal activation of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP1R) signaling on adult adiposity and metabolism. METHODS Wild type C57BL/6 mice were injected with 1 nmol/kg Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a GLP1R agonist, for 6 consecutive days after birth. Growth, body composition, serum analysis, energy expenditure, food intake, and brain and fat pad histology and gene expression were assessed at multiple time points through 42 weeks. Similar analyses were conducted in a Glp1r conditional allele crossed with a Sim1Cre deleter strain to produce Sim1Cre;Glp1rloxP/loxP mice and control littermates. RESULTS Neonatal administration of Ex-4 reduced adult body weight and fat mass, increased energy expenditure, and conferred protection from diet-induced obesity in female mice. This was associated with induction of brown adipose genes and increased noradrenergic fiber density in parametrial white adipose tissue (WAT). We further observed durable alterations in orexigenic and anorexigenic projections to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH). Genetic deletion of Glp1r in the PVH by Sim1-Cre abrogated the impact of neonatal Ex-4 on adult body weight, WAT browning, and hypothalamic architecture. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that the acute activation of GLP1R in neonates durably alters hypothalamic architecture to limit adult weight gain and adiposity, identifying GLP1R as a therapeutic target for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V. Rozo
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniella A. Babu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - PoMan A. Suen
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David N. Groff
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Randy J. Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Doris A. Stoffers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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20
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Gamble JA, Boldsen JL, Hoppa RD. Stressing out in medieval Denmark: An investigation of dental enamel defects and age at death in two medieval Danish cemeteries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2017; 17:52-66. [PMID: 28521912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of early life stress on later life experiences has become a major focus of research in medicine and more recently in bioarchaeology. Dental enamel, which preserves a record of childhood stress events, represents an important resource for this investigation when paired with the information from adult skeletal remains, such as age at death. The purpose of this research was to use a life history approach to the exploration of sex differences in the relationship between childhood stress and adult longevity by examining accentuated striae of Retzius (AS). A medieval Danish sample (n=70) drawn from the rural cemetery of Sejet and the urban cemetery of Ole Wormsgade was considered for AS and age at death. The results suggest sex differences in survivorship, with more stress being associated with reduced survivorship in males and increased survivorship in females. A consideration of AS formation time also suggests a difference in the impact of developmental timing between males and females. These results are interpreted in terms of differential frailty and selective mortality, drawing in both biomedical and cultural perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Gamble
- University of Manitoba, Department of Anthropology, 15 Chancellor Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Jesper L Boldsen
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Forensic Medicine - ADBOU, Lucernemarken 20, DK-5260, Odense S, Denmark.
| | - Robert D Hoppa
- University of Manitoba, Department of Anthropology, 15 Chancellor Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Joung KE, Cataltepe SU, Michael Z, Christou H, Mantzoros CS. Cord Blood Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Levels Correlate With Gestational Age and Birth Weight in Neonates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1606-1613. [PMID: 28324040 PMCID: PMC5443332 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) have increased risk for obesity and metabolic syndrome, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP) is an adipokine that has been implicated in modulation of insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. Higher plasma AFABP levels are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular morbidity in adults. Alterations in AFABP levels during fetal growth have not been characterized. OBJECTIVE To examine AFABP levels in neonatal cord blood in relation to gestational age and birth weight. DESIGN A cross-sectional study of 361 neonates born at a tertiary academic center. OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma AFABP levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For comparison, venous samples from 26 adults were analyzed. RESULTS AFABP levels were higher in neonates compared with adults (P < 0.01). Preterm infants had higher AFABP levels [48.2 (31.2 to 73.3) ng/mL] compared with full-term infants [35.8 (25.1 to 51.5)] ng/mL, P < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between AFABP and gestational age (r = 0.28, P = 0.02). Among full-term infants, AFABP levels in SGA infants were lower [28.6 (24.2 to 37.3) ng/mL], compared with appropriate for gestational age [36.1 (25.5 to 50.4) ng/mL] and large for gestational age infants [45.0 (24.6 to 62.4) ng/mL, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS These associations may reflect the higher metabolic activity during fetal development. AFABP may also be involved in fetal growth and the association between SGA status and obesity and metabolic syndrome in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Eun Joung
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sule Umit Cataltepe
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Zoe Michael
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Helen Christou
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Christos S. Mantzoros
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Division of Endocrinology, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts 02130
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Vaiserman AM. Early-Life Nutritional Programming of Type 2 Diabetes: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Evidence. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030236. [PMID: 28273874 PMCID: PMC5372899 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence from both experimental and human studies suggest that inadequate nutrition in early life can contribute to risk of developing metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adult life. In human populations, most findings supporting a causative relationship between early-life malnutrition and subsequent risk of T2D were obtained from quasi-experimental studies (‘natural experiments’). Prenatal and/or early postnatal exposures to famine were demonstrated to be associated with higher risk of T2D in many cohorts around the world. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of epigenetic regulation of gene expression as a possible major contributor to the link between the early-life famine exposure and T2D in adulthood. Findings from these studies suggest that prenatal exposure to the famine may result in induction of persistent epigenetic changes that have adaptive significance in postnatal development but can predispose to metabolic disorders including T2D at the late stages of life. In this review, quasi-experimental data on the developmental programming of T2D are summarized and recent research findings on changes in DNA methylation that mediate these effects are discussed.
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A new biological and clinical resource for research into pregnancy complications: The Baby Bio Bank. Placenta 2016; 46:31-37. [PMID: 27697219 PMCID: PMC5062948 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
About 20% of pregnancies are affected by some form of complication. Research has shown that anomalies in implantation, development, and growth of the fetus; ineffective nutrient exchange between mother and fetus due to placental dysfunction; and maternal problems such as hypertension or infection during pregnancy can all lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the molecular aetiology of such events remains poorly understood. Fetal growth restriction (FGR), recurrent miscarriage (RM), preterm birth (PTB), and pre-eclampsia (PE) are the most common pregnancy complications encountered in the UK and these outcomes can result in an array of morbidities in both mother and baby, and in the most severe cases in mortality. We need to know more about normal pregnancy and where the important triggers are for failure. This prompted us to collect a large set of biological samples with matching clinical data from over 2500 normal and abnormal pregnancies, for use in research into these conditions. This paper outlines the nature of these sample sets and their availability to academia and industry, with the intention that their widespread use in research will make significant contributions to the improvement of maternal and fetal health worldwide (http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tapb/sample-and-data-collections-at-ucl/biobanks-ucl/baby-biobank).
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Medda E, Minoprio A, Nisticò L, Bocca B, Simonelli V, D'Errico M, Calcagnile A, Giuliani A, Toccaceli V, Minghetti L, Alimonti A, Stazi MA, Mazzei F, Dogliotti E. The response to oxidative stress and metallomics analysis in a twin study: The role of the environment. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:236-243. [PMID: 27264237 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient response to oxidative stress has been associated with ageing and health risk. Metals are known to inhibit DNA repair and may modify the antioxidant response. How genetic variability and lifestyle factors modulate the response to oxidative stress is poorly explored. Our study aims to disentangle the contribution of genetics and environmental exposures to oxidative stress response using data from twin pairs. The non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC), the repair capacity of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OGG activity) and the levels of 12 metals were measured in blood of 64 monozygotic and 31 dizygotic twin pairs. The contributions of genetic and environmental effects were assessed using standard univariate twin modelling. NEAC and OGG activity significantly decreased with age. Gender-, age- and body mass index-associated differences were identified for some metals. Principal Component Analysis identified two groups of metals whose levels in blood were highly correlated: As, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn and Al, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni. The environmental influence was predominant on OGG activity and NEAC variance whereas for most metals the best-fitting model incorporated additive genetic and unique environmental sources of variance. NEAC and OGG activity were both inversely correlated with blood levels of various metals. The inhibition of OGG activity by Cd was largely explained by smoking. Our data show a substantial role of environmental factors in NEAC and OGG activity variance that is not explained by twins' age. Exogenous environmental factors such as metals contribute to oxidative stress by decreasing NEAC and inhibiting repair of oxidatively-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Medda
- National Center of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Minoprio
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Nisticò
- National Center of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Simonelli
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Calcagnile
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Virgilia Toccaceli
- National Center of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Minghetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Alimonti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Stazi
- National Center of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Filomena Mazzei
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Mainigi MA, Sapienza C, Butts S, Coutifaris C. A Molecular Perspective on Procedures and Outcomes with Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a023416. [PMID: 26747835 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The emerging association of assisted reproductive technologies with adverse perinatal outcomes has prompted the in-depth examination of clinical and laboratory protocols and procedures and their possible effects on epigenetic regulatory mechanism(s). The application of various approaches to study epigenetic regulation to problems in reproductive medicine has the potential to identify relative risk indicators for particular conditions, diagnostic biomarkers of disease state, and prognostic indicators of outcome. Moreover, when applied genome-wide, these techniques are likely to find novel pathways of disease pathogenesis and identify new targets for intervention. The analysis of DNA methylation, histone modifications, transcription factors, enhancer binding and other chromatin proteins, DNase-hypersensitivity and, micro- and other noncoding RNAs all provide overlapping and often complementary snapshots of chromatin structure and resultant "gene activity." In terms of clinical application, the predictive power and utility of epigenetic information will depend on the power of individual techniques to discriminate normal levels of interindividual variation from variation linked to a disease state. At present, quantitative analysis of DNA methylation at multiple loci seems likely to hold the greatest promise for achieving the level of precision, reproducibility, and throughput demanded in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Mainigi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Carmen Sapienza
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Samantha Butts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Christos Coutifaris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Bouillon C, Léandri R, Desch L, Ernst A, Bruno C, Cerf C, Chiron A, Souchay C, Burguet A, Jimenez C, Sagot P, Fauque P. Does Embryo Culture Medium Influence the Health and Development of Children Born after In Vitro Fertilization? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150857. [PMID: 27008092 PMCID: PMC4805279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In animal studies, extensive data revealed the influence of culture medium on embryonic development, foetal growth and the behaviour of offspring. However, this impact has never been investigated in humans. For the first time, we investigated in depth the effects of embryo culture media on health, growth and development of infants conceived by In Vitro Fertilization until the age of 5 years old. This single-centre cohort study was based on an earlier randomized study. During six months, in vitro fertilization attempts (No. 371) were randomized according to two media (Single Step Medium—SSM group) or Global medium (Global group). This randomized study was stopped prematurely as significantly lower pregnancy and implantation rates were observed in the SSM group. Singletons (No. 73) conceived in the randomized study were included (42 for Global and 31 for SSM). The medical data for gestational, neonatal and early childhood periods were extracted from medical records and parental interviews (256 variables recorded). The developmental profiles of the children in eight domains (social, self-help, gross motor, fine motor, expressive language, language comprehension, letter knowledge and number knowledge – 270 items) were compared in relation to the culture medium. The delivery rate was significantly lower in the SSM group than in the Global group (p<0.05). The culture medium had no significant effect on birthweight, risk of malformation (minor and major), growth and the frequency of medical concerns. However, the children of the Global group were less likely than those of the SSM group to show developmental problems (p = 0.002), irrespective of the different domains. In conclusion, our findings showed that the embryo culture medium may have an impact on further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bouillon
- Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Roger Léandri
- Centre d’Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Groupe de Recherche en Fertilité Humaine, EA 3694, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Desch
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Dijon, Equipe GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, EA 4271, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandra Ernst
- LEAD—CNRS UMR 5022, Université de Bourgogne, Pôle AAFE, Dijon, France
| | - Céline Bruno
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Dijon, Equipe GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, EA 4271, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Charline Cerf
- LEAD—CNRS UMR 5022, Université de Bourgogne, Pôle AAFE, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandra Chiron
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, SELAFA BIOFFICE—Clinique Jean Villar, Bruges, France
| | - Céline Souchay
- LEAD—CNRS UMR 5022, Université de Bourgogne, Pôle AAFE, Dijon, France
| | - Antoine Burguet
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital de Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Clément Jimenez
- Service de Biologie de la Reproduction-CECOS, Institut des maladies neurodégénérativesCNRS UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul Sagot
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Médecine Fœtale et Stérilité Conjugale, Hôpital de Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Fauque
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Dijon, Equipe GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, EA 4271, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
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27
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Moore GE, Ishida M, Demetriou C, Al-Olabi L, Leon LJ, Thomas AC, Abu-Amero S, Frost JM, Stafford JL, Chaoqun Y, Duncan AJ, Baigel R, Brimioulle M, Iglesias-Platas I, Apostolidou S, Aggarwal R, Whittaker JC, Syngelaki A, Nicolaides KH, Regan L, Monk D, Stanier P. The role and interaction of imprinted genes in human fetal growth. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:20140074. [PMID: 25602077 PMCID: PMC4305174 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the genetic input for fetal growth will help to understand common, serious complications of pregnancy such as fetal growth restriction. Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic process that silences one parental allele, resulting in monoallelic expression. Imprinted genes are important in mammalian fetal growth and development. Evidence has emerged showing that genes that are paternally expressed promote fetal growth, whereas maternally expressed genes suppress growth. We have assessed whether the expression levels of key imprinted genes correlate with fetal growth parameters during pregnancy, either early in gestation, using chorionic villus samples (CVS), or in term placenta. We have found that the expression of paternally expressing insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), its receptor IGF2R, and the IGF2/IGF1R ratio in CVS tissues significantly correlate with crown–rump length and birthweight, whereas term placenta expression shows no correlation. For the maternally expressing pleckstrin homology-like domain family A, member 2 (PHLDA2), there is no correlation early in pregnancy in CVS but a highly significant negative relationship in term placenta. Analysis of the control of imprinted expression of PHLDA2 gave rise to a maternally and compounded grand-maternally controlled genetic effect with a birthweight increase of 93/155 g, respectively, when one copy of the PHLDA2 promoter variant is inherited. Expression of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) in term placenta is significantly negatively correlated with head circumference. Analysis of the paternally expressing delta-like 1 homologue (DLK1) shows that the paternal transmission of type 1 diabetes protective G allele of rs941576 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) results in significantly reduced birth weight (−132 g). In conclusion, we have found that the expression of key imprinted genes show a strong correlation with fetal growth and that for both genetic and genomics data analyses, it is important not to overlook parent-of-origin effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun E Moore
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Miho Ishida
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Charalambos Demetriou
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lara Al-Olabi
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lydia J Leon
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anna C Thomas
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sayeda Abu-Amero
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jennifer M Frost
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jaime L Stafford
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Yao Chaoqun
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Andrew J Duncan
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Rachel Baigel
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Marina Brimioulle
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Isabel Iglesias-Platas
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sophia Apostolidou
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Reena Aggarwal
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John C Whittaker
- Noncommunicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Argyro Syngelaki
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Kypros H Nicolaides
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Lesley Regan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - David Monk
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philip Stanier
- Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Diseases Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Joung KE, Park KH, Filippaios A, Dincer F, Christou H, Mantzoros CS. Cord blood irisin levels are positively correlated with birth weight in newborn infants. Metabolism 2015; 64:1507-14. [PMID: 26303870 PMCID: PMC5348079 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin is a novel myokine, secreted from skeletal muscle after exercise. Irisin mediates exercise-related energy expenditure by turning white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT). Thus, irisin is considered as a potential biomarker for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) have increased risk for metabolic syndrome. However, the physiologic role of irisin in neonates remains to be studied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of umbilical cord blood irisin levels with gestational age and birth weight categories in neonates. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 341 newborns, from 26 to 41weeks' gestation. We collected umbilical cord blood and analyzed plasma for irisin by ELISA. RESULTS Plasma irisin levels were positively correlated with gestational age (r=0.21, p<0.001), and birth weight Z-score (r=0.18, p<0.001). SGA infants had significantly lower irisin (median [interquartile range] 55.38 [46.56-65.72]ng/mL) compared to appropriate for gestational age infants (64.41 [53.87-76.76]ng/mL) and large for gestational age infants (68.70 [54.78-79.09]ng/mL, p<0.01). The association between SGA and lower irisin remained significant in multivariate analysis independent of gestational age, maternal age, maternal BMI, and gestational diabetes (p=0.03). In singleton infants, irisin was also significantly negatively associated with maternal preeclampsia (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion that irisin may have a physiologic role in neonates. We speculate that decreased levels of irisin in SGA infants may contribute to the development of catch-up growth and metabolic syndrome later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Eun Joung
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Goryeb Children's Hospital, 100 Madison Ave, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kyung-Hee Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do, 431-070, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Filippaios
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Fadime Dincer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Helen Christou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, 02130, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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The placenta: phenotypic and epigenetic modifications induced by Assisted Reproductive Technologies throughout pregnancy. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:87. [PMID: 26300992 PMCID: PMC4546204 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, there is growing interest in the potential epigenetic risk related to assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Much evidence in the literature supports the hypothesis that adverse pregnancy outcomes linked to ART are associated with abnormal trophoblastic invasion. The aim of this review is to investigate the relationship between epigenetic dysregulation caused by ART and subsequent placental response. The dialogue between the endometrium and the embryo is a crucial step to achieve successful trophoblastic invasion, thus ensuring a non-complicated pregnancy and healthy offspring. However, as described in this review, ART could impair both actors involved in this dialogue. First, ART may induce epigenetic defects in the conceptus by modifying the embryo environment. Second, as a result of hormone treatments, ART may impair endometrial receptivity. In some cases, it results in embryonic growth arrest but, when the development of the embryo continues, the placenta could bring adaptive responses throughout pregnancy. Amongst the different mechanisms, epigenetics, especially thanks to a finely tuned network of imprinted genes stimulated by foetal signals, may modify nutrient transfer, placental growth and vascularization. If these coping mechanisms are overwhelmed, improper maternal-foetal exchanges occur, potentially leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as abortion, preeclampsia or intra-uterine growth restriction. But in most cases, successful placental adaptation enables normal progress of the pregnancy. Nevertheless, the risks induced by these modifications during pregnancy are not fully understood. Metabolic diseases later in life could be exacerbated through the memory of epigenetic adaptation mechanisms established during pregnancy. Thus, more research is still needed to better understand abnormal interactions between the embryo and the milieu in artificial conditions. As trophectoderm cells are in direct contact with the environment, they deserve to be studied in more detail. The ultimate goal of these studies will be to render ART protocols safer. Optimization of the environment will be the key to improving the dialogue between the endometrium and embryo, so as to ensure that placentation after ART is similar to that following natural conception.
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Douet V, Chang L, Cloak C, Ernst T. Genetic influences on brain developmental trajectories on neuroimaging studies: from infancy to young adulthood. Brain Imaging Behav 2015; 8:234-50. [PMID: 24077983 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-013-9260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human brain development has been studied intensively with neuroimaging. However, little is known about how genes influence developmental brain trajectories, even though a significant number of genes (about 10,000, or approximately one-third) in the human genome are expressed primarily in the brain and during brain development. Interestingly, in addition to showing differential expression among tissues, many genes are differentially expressed across the ages (e.g., antagonistic pleiotropy). Age-specific gene expression plays an important role in several critical events in brain development, including neuronal cell migration, synaptogenesis and neurotransmitter receptor specificity, as well as in aging and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). In addition, the majority of psychiatric and mental disorders are polygenic, and many have onsets during childhood and adolescence. In this review, we summarize the major findings from neuroimaging studies that link genetics with brain development, from infancy to young adulthood. Specifically, we focus on the heritability of brain structures across the ages, age-related genetic influences on brain development and sex-specific developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Douet
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA,
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Jellyman JK, Valenzuela OA, Fowden AL. HORSE SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: Glucocorticoid programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and metabolic function: Animal studies from mouse to horse1,2. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3245-60. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Jellyman
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502
| | - O. A. Valenzuela
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - A. L. Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
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Wattez JS, Delmont A, Bouvet M, Beseme O, Goers S, Delahaye F, Laborie C, Lesage J, Foligné B, Breton C, Metges CC, Vieau D, Pinet F. Maternal perinatal undernutrition modifies lactose and serotranferrin in milk: relevance to the programming of metabolic diseases? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E393-401. [PMID: 25550282 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00452.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A close link between intrauterine growth restriction and development of chronic adult diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension has been established both in humans and animals. Modification of growth velocity during the early postnatal period (i.e., lactation) may also sensitize to the development of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. This suggests that milk composition may have long-lasting programming/deprogramming metabolic effects in the offspring. We therefore assess the effects of maternal perinatal denutrition on breast milk composition in a food-restricted 50% (FR50) rat model. Monosaccharides and fatty acids were characterized by gas chromatography, and proteins were profiled by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight analysis in milk samples from FR50 and control rat dams. Milk analysis of FR50 rats demonstrated that maternal undernutrition decreases lactose concentration and modulates lipid profile at postnatal day 10 by increasing the unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids and diminishes serotransferrin levels at postnatal day 21. Our data indicate that maternal perinatal undernutrition modifies milk composition both quantitatively and qualitatively. These modifications by maternal nutrition open new perspectives to identify molecules that could be used in artificial milk to protect from the subsequent development of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Wattez
- Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - A Delmont
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UMR8576), Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - M Bouvet
- Inserm U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - O Beseme
- Inserm U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - S Goers
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany; and
| | - F Delahaye
- Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - C Laborie
- Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - J Lesage
- Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - B Foligné
- Lactic Acid Bacteria & Mucosal Immunity (U1019-UMR8204), Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - C Breton
- Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - C C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany; and
| | - D Vieau
- Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France;
| | - F Pinet
- Inserm U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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Beckett EM, Astapova O, Steckler TL, Veiga-Lopez A, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programing: impact of testosterone on placental differentiation. Reproduction 2014; 148:199-209. [PMID: 24840528 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gestational testosterone treatment causes maternal hyperinsulinemia, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), low birth weight, and adult reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions. Sheep models of IUGR demonstrate placental insufficiency as an underlying cause of IUGR. Placental compromise is probably the cause of fetal growth retardation in gestational testosterone-treated sheep. This study tested whether testosterone excess compromises placental differentiation by its androgenic action and/or via altered insulin sensitivity. A comparative approach of studying gestational testosterone (aromatizable androgen) against dihydrotestosterone (non-aromatizable androgen) or testosterone plus androgen antagonist, flutamide, was used to determine whether the effects of testosterone on placental differentiation were programed by its androgenic actions. Co-treatment of testosterone with the insulin sensitizer, rosiglitazone, was used to establish whether the effects of gestational testosterone on placentome differentiation involved compromised insulin sensitivity. Parallel cohorts of pregnant females were maintained for lambing and the birth weight of their offspring was recorded. Placental studies were conducted on days 65, 90, or 140 of gestation. Results indicated that i) gestational testosterone treatment advances placental differentiation, evident as early as day 65 of gestation, and culminates in low birth weight, ii) placental advancement is facilitated at least in part by androgenic actions of testosterone and is not a function of disrupted insulin homeostasis, and iii) placental advancement, while helping to increase placental efficiency, was insufficient to prevent IUGR and low-birth-weight female offspring. Findings from this study may be of relevance to women with polycystic ovary syndrome, whose reproductive and metabolic phenotype is captured by the gestational testosterone-treated offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Beckett
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences ProgramUniversity of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building, Room 1138 SW, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5404, USA
| | - O Astapova
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences ProgramUniversity of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building, Room 1138 SW, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5404, USA
| | - T L Steckler
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences ProgramUniversity of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building, Room 1138 SW, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5404, USA
| | - A Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences ProgramUniversity of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building, Room 1138 SW, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5404, USA
| | - V Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences ProgramUniversity of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building, Room 1138 SW, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5404, USA
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Flores LE, Hildebrandt TB, Kühl AA, Drews B. Early detection and staging of spontaneous embryo resorption by ultrasound biomicroscopy in murine pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:38. [PMID: 24886361 PMCID: PMC4037759 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryo resorption is a major problem in human medicine, agricultural animal production and in conservation breeding programs. Underlying mechanisms have been investigated in the well characterised mouse model. However, post mortem studies are limited by the rapid disintegration of embryonic structures. A method to reliably identify embryo resorption in alive animals has not been established yet. In our study we aim to detect embryos undergoing resorption in vivo at the earliest possible stage by ultra-high frequency ultrasound. METHODS In a longitudinal study, we monitored 30 pregnancies of wild type C57BI/6 mice using ultra-high frequency ultrasound (30-70 MHz), so called ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). We compared the sonoembryology of mouse conceptuses under spontaneous resorption and neighbouring healthy conceptuses and correlated the live ultrasound data with the respective histology. RESULTS The process of embryo resorption comprised of four stages: first, the conceptus exhibited growth retardation, second, bradycardia and pericardial edema were observed, third, further development ceased and the embryo died, and finally embryo remnants were resorbed by maternal immune cells. In early gestation (day 7 and 8), growth retardation was characterized by a small embryonic cavity. The embryo and its membranes were ill defined or did not develop at all. The echodensity of the embryonic fluid increased and within one to two days, the embryo and its cavity disappeared and was transformed into echodense tissue surrounded by fluid filled caverns. In corresponding histologic preparations, fibrinoid material interspersed with maternal granulocytes and lacunae filled with maternal blood were observed. In later stages (day 9-11) resorption prone embryos were one day behind in their development compared to their normal siblings. The space between Reichert's membrane and inner yolk sac membrane was enlarged The growth retarded embryos exhibited bradycardia and ultimately cessation of heart beat. Corresponding histology showed apoptotic cells in the embryo while the placenta was still intact. In the subsequent resorption process first the embryo and then its membranes disappeared. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a temporal time course of embryo resorption. With this method, animals exhibiting embryo resorption can be targeted, enabling the investigation of underlying mechanisms before the onset of total embryo disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Flores
- Department Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas B Hildebrandt
- Department Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Charité – Department of Medicine I for Gastroenterology, Infectious Disease and Rheumatology, Research Center ImmunoSciences / Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Drews
- Department Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
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Joung KE, Christou H, Park KH, Mantzoros CS. Cord blood levels of osteopontin as a phenotype marker of gestational age and neonatal morbidities. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1317-24. [PMID: 24123979 PMCID: PMC4394598 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteopontin (OPN) is a proinflammatory cytokine associated with metabolic syndrome. Extreme birth weight categories including small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) are risk factors for metabolic syndrome. However normal levels of plasma OPN in neonates and the relationship of OPN to fetal growth remain unknown. We evaluated the association of umbilical cord blood OPN with gestational age, birth weight, and neonatal outcomes. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 261 newborns of all gestational ages beginning at week 26, and 26 adults for comparison was performed. Umbilical cord blood from newborns and analyzed plasma for OPN by ELISA was collected. RESULTS Plasma OPN was significantly higher in neonates (414.65 ± 136.72 ng/mL) compared to adults (33.37 ± 14.66 ng/mL, P < 0.001). There was an inverse correlation between OPN and gestational age (r = -0.48, P < 0.0001). LGA infants had lower OPN than appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants, but LGA was not an independent predictor of OPN in multivariate analysis. Among preterm infants, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was independently associated with higher OPN (OR = 2.49, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Our results raise the possibility that OPN has a physiologic role in fetal growth and development, and may be a useful biomarker for PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Eun Joung
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders-961 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115; Division of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115
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Jaeckle Santos LJ, Li C, Doulias PT, Ischiropoulos H, Worthen GS, Simmons RA. Neutralizing Th2 inflammation in neonatal islets prevents β-cell failure in adult IUGR rats. Diabetes 2014; 63:1672-84. [PMID: 24408314 PMCID: PMC3994952 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. Inflammation is associated with T2D; however, it is unknown whether inflammation is causal or secondary to the altered metabolic state. Here we show that the mechanism by which IUGR leads to the development of T2D in adulthood is via transient recruitment of T-helper 2 (Th) lymphocytes and macrophages in fetal islets resulting in localized inflammation. Although this immune response is short-lived, it results in a permanent reduction in islet vascularity and impaired insulin secretion. Neutralizing interleukin-4 antibody therapy given only in the newborn period ameliorates inflammation and restores vascularity and β-cell function into adulthood, demonstrating a novel role for Th2 immune responses in the induction and progression of T2D. In the neonatal stage, inflammation and vascular changes are reversible and may define an important developmental window for therapeutic intervention to prevent adult-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane J. Jaeckle Santos
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - G. Scott Worthen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Corresponding author: Rebecca A. Simmons, , or G. Scott Worthen,
| | - Rebecca A. Simmons
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Corresponding author: Rebecca A. Simmons, , or G. Scott Worthen,
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Lausten-Thomsen U, Nielsen TRH, Thagaard IN, Larsen T, Holm JC. Neonatal anthropometrics and body composition in obese children investigated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173:623-7. [PMID: 24318487 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-013-2226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epidemiological and animal studies have suggested an effect of the intrauterine milieu upon the development of childhood obesity. This study investigates the relationship between body composition measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry expressed as body fat percent, body fat mass index (BFMI), and fat free mass index (FFMI) in obese children and the preceding in utero conditions expressed by birth weight, birth length, and birth weight for gestational age. The study cohort consisted of 776 obese Danish children (median age 11.6 years, range 3.6-17.9) with a mean Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score (BMI SDS) of 2.86 (range 1.64-5.48) treated in our national referral centre. In a linear general regression model adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and duration of breastfeeding, we found the body fat percent, FFMI, and BFMI at the time of enrolment in childhood obesity treatment to be significantly correlated with both birth weight and birth weight for gestational age. CONCLUSION These results indicate a prenatal influence upon childhood obesity. Although there are currently no sufficient data to suggest any recommendations to pregnant women, it is possible that the prenatal period may be considered as a potential window of opportunity for prevention of childhood overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Smedelundsgade 60, 4300, Holbaek, Denmark,
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Islam Khan A. Effects of pre- and postnatal nutrition interventions on child growth and body composition: the MINIMat trial in rural Bangladesh. Glob Health Action 2013; 6:22476. [PMID: 24331714 PMCID: PMC3864158 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.22476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional insults and conditions during fetal life and infancy influence subsequent growth and body composition of children. OBJECTIVES Effects of maternal food and micronutrient supplementation and exclusive breastfeeding counseling on growth of offspring aged 0-54 months and their body composition at 54 months of age were studied. METHODS In the MINIMat trial (ISRCTN16581394) in Matlab, Bangladesh, pregnant women were randomized to early (around 9 weeks) or usual invitation (around 20 weeks) to food supplementation and to one of the three daily micronutrient supplements: 30-mg Fe and 400-µg folic acid (Fe30F), 60-mg Fe and 400-µg folic acid (Fe60F), and multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS). The supplements were also randomized to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) counseling or to usual health messages. RESULTS No differences in background characteristics were observed among the intervention groups. There was also no differential effect of prenatal interventions on birthweight or birthlength. Early food supplementation reduced the level of stunting from early infancy up to 54 months of age among boys (average difference - 6.5% units, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-11.3, p=0.01) but not among girls (average difference - 2.4% units, 95% CI -2.2-7.0, p=0.31). MMS resulted in more stunting compared to standard Fe60F (average difference - 4.8% units, 95% CI 0.8-8.9, p=0.02). Breastfeeding counseling prolonged the duration of EBF (difference - 35 days, 95% CI 30.6-39.5, p<0.001). Neither pregnancy interventions nor breastfeeding counseling influenced the body composition of children at 54 months of age. CONCLUSION Early food supplementation during pregnancy reduced the occurrence of stunting among boys aged 0-54 months, while prenatal MMS increased the proportion of stunting. Food and micronutrient supplementation or EBF intervention did not affect body composition of offspring at 54 months of age. The effects of prenatal interventions on postnatal growth suggest programming effects in early fetal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraful Islam Khan
- icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
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Adams DH. Conceptualising a child-centric paradigm : do we have freedom of choice in donor conception reproduction? JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2013; 10:369-381. [PMID: 23780686 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-013-9454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since its inception, donor conception practices have been a reproductive choice for the infertile. Past and current practices have the potential to cause significant and lifelong harm to the offspring through loss of kinship, heritage, identity, and family health history, and possibly through introducing physical problems. Legislation and regulation in Australia that specifies that the welfare of the child born as a consequence of donor conception is paramount may therefore be in conflict with the outcomes. Altering the paradigm to a child-centric model, however, impinges on reproductive choice and rights of adults involved in the process. With some lobby groups pushing for increased reproductive choice while others emphasise offspring rights there is a dichotomy of interests that society and legislators need to address. Concepts pertaining to a shift toward a child-centric paradigm are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian H Adams
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, 5042,
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Blaney CE, Gunn RK, Stover KR, Brown RE. Maternal genotype influences behavioral development of 3×Tg-AD mouse pups. Behav Brain Res 2013; 252:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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The role of folic acid in fetal programming of birth phenotypes and early human development: a biopsychosocial perspective. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2013; 4:442-57. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174413000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth, low birthweight, intrauterine growth retardation and small for gestational age are birth phenotypes that significantly contribute to life-long morbidity and mortality. This review examines the epidemiologic and biologic evidence of folic acid (FA) as a potential population-based intervention to curtail some adverse birth phenotypic expressions, and by extension, their later physical and neurodevelopmental consequences. We outlined a feto-placental adaptation categorization taking into account how prenatal insults may be encoded in fetal development, the adaptive success of the feto-placental response, and subsequent expression in the health of the fetus. Although there are plausible biological pathways that can be implicated, we found that the epidemiological evidence on the role of perinatal FA nutriture and fetal programming of adverse birth phenotypes is still inconclusive. Because biologic and epidemiological considerations alone do not suffice in deciphering the utility of FA in averting adverse birth phenotypes, we proposed a biopsychosocial model that takes into account multi-layered psychosocial contexts for improving subsequent research studies in this area.
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Lausten-Thomsen U, Bille DS, Nässlund I, Folskov L, Larsen T, Holm JC. Neonatal anthropometrics and correlation to childhood obesity--data from the Danish Children's Obesity Clinic. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:747-51. [PMID: 23371390 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-013-1949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recent evidence has demonstrated the prenatal initiation of childhood obesity as epidemiological studies and animal studies have illustrated the effect of the intrauterine milieu for subsequent development of childhood obesity. This study investigates the relationship between severe childhood obesity and the preceding in utero conditions expressed by birth weight and birth length, birth-weight-for-gestational-age and neonatal ponderal index in a Danish cohort of 1,171 severely obese children (median age 11.48 years, range 3.13 to 17.98 years) with a mean body mass index-standard derivation score (BMI-SDS) of +2.96 (range +1.65 to +9.72) treated in our national referral centre. In a linear general regression model adjusted for socioeconomic status and breastfeeding duration, a significant linear correlation between BMI-SDS at time of enrolment and both birth weight (p, 3.8 × 10(-6)) and birth length (p, 6.1 × 10(-4)), birth-weight-for-gestational-age (p, 4.3 × 10(-7)) and the neonatal ponderal index (p, 0.02) was demonstrated. Duration of breastfeeding, however, was not found to be significant for either the BMI-SDS/BW or the BMI-SDS/BL correlation. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the prenatal period can be considered as a potential window of opportunity for prevention of childhood overweight and obesity and anthropological measurements may in theory be used to help identify neonates at high risk for developing childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Smedelundsgade 60, 4300 Holbaek, Denmark.
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Roman A, Desai N, Rochelson B, Gupta M, Solanki M, Xue X, Chatterjee PK, Metz CN. Maternal magnesium supplementation reduces intrauterine growth restriction and suppresses inflammation in a rat model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208:383.e1-7. [PMID: 23474429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with increased inflammatory responses. We sought to investigate whether magnesium (Mg) attenuates inflammation and IUGR in a rat model. STUDY DESIGN Pregnant Wistar rats (12 weeks, gestational day 18) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: normal diet with bilateral uterine artery ligation (BL) (n = 6) or sham surgery (SH) (n = 5); and Mg chloride (MgCl2) 1% (wt/vol) in the drinking water throughout gestation + BL (MgBL) (n = 6) or SH (MgSH) (n = 5). Dams were euthanized 24 hours postsurgery (gestational day 19). Maternal plasma, fetal plasma (pooled), individual amniotic fluid (AF) samples, and placentas (PL) were collected and assessed from live fetal pups only (BL, n = 36; SH, n = 20; MgBL, n = 20; MgSH, n = 20). All samples were analyzed for cytokines/chemokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 1 [CXCL1], chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2 [CCL2], and tumor necrosis factor [TNF-α] sensitivity <3 pg/mL) using a multiplex platform. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney, analysis of variance, and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS The incidence of IUGR (pup weight <10th percentile of SH) in the MgBL group was significantly lower (31%) than the BL group (86.3%) (relative risk, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.6; P < .0001). BL significantly increased AF levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α (P < .05), and CCL2 (P < .001) vs SH and PL levels of IL-6, IL-1β, CCL2 and CXCL1 (P < .001), and TNF-α (P < .05) vs SH. Maternal MgCl2 supplementation significantly decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL2 levels in AF and IL-1β in PL tissues of MgBL vs BL rats (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Maternal oral MgCl2 supplementation reduced BL-induced IUGR by 64% and suppressed cytokine/chemokine levels in the AF and PL.
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Chen YC, Sheen JM, Tiao MM, Tain YL, Huang LT. Roles of melatonin in fetal programming in compromised pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5380-401. [PMID: 23466884 PMCID: PMC3634509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised pregnancies such as those associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, maternal undernutrition, and maternal stress may negatively affect fetal development. Such pregnancies may induce oxidative stress to the fetus and alter fetal development through the epigenetic process that may affect development at a later stage. Melatonin is an oxidant scavenger that reverses oxidative stress during the prenatal period. Moreover, the role of melatonin in epigenetic modifications in the field of developmental programming has been studied extensively. Here, we describe the physiological function of melatonin in pregnancy and discuss the roles of melatonin in fetal programming in compromised pregnancies, focusing on its involvement in redox and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Miao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 333, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-169; Fax: +886-773-380-09
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Minghetti L, Greco A, Zanardo V, Suppiej A. Early-life sex-dependent vulnerability to oxidative stress: the natural twining model. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 26:259-62. [PMID: 23020682 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.733751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Twins represent a unique natural model for studying fetal adaptation to a suboptimal supply of nutrients in utero, the most likely cause of reduced fetal growth, which has been associated with cardiovascular risk. The proposed developmental origin of cardiovascular diseases may offer new venues for investigating the molecular basis of the well-known gender disparity in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and progression. Early sex differences in oxidative stress, a mechanism of injury associated with both reduced fetal growth and cardiovascular diseases, have been so far poorly investigated. Thus, we aimed at evaluating oxidative stress in newborn twins by measuring oxidative stress biomarkers in cord blood. METHODS Blood samples were collected from umbilical cord of 80 premature twins. The oxidative stress biomarker15-F(2t)-isoprostane and the total antioxidant capacity (tAOC) were measured in cord plasma. RESULTS Males had higher levels of plasma 15-F(2t)-isoprostane than females. 15-F(2t)-isoprostane values remained greater in males than in females when considering like-sex or unlike sex pairs. No difference was found in tAOC levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that sex-based differences in oxidant injury vulnerability occurring early in life could represent a biological mechanism contributing to gender disparity later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Minghetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Simplício MPT, Ribeiro AQ, Sant'Ana LFR, Novaes JFD, Priore SE, Franceschini SDCC. Curvas de crescimento e perfil dietético de recém-nascidos pré-termo com peso adequado para a idade gestacional durante a hospitalização. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822012000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Elaborar curvas de crescimento e estabelecer o perfil dietético de recém-nascidos pré-termo com peso adequado para a idade gestacional (AIG) durante a internação após o nascimento. MÉTODOS: Estudo coorte retrospectivo e descritivo de recém-nascidos pré-termo AIG, nascidos entre janeiro de 2006 e dezembro de 2007, internados em um hospital de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram coletadas informações sobre as medidas antropométricas ao nascer e sua evolução (peso diário e comprimento, perímetro cefálico e torácico semanal) e sobre a evolução diária da dieta. A partir dos dados coletados foram construídas curvas de crescimento referentes às medidas ao nascer e àquelas no pós-natal, em função da idade gestacional, as quais foram comparadas às referências nacionais e internacionais. Além da análise descritiva, foram feitos ajustes por funções polinomiais de terceiro grau para modelação das curvas de crescimento. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 68 recém-nascidos pré-termo AIG, com idade gestacional média de 33,2±2,6 semanas. Observou-se uma grande concordância entre as curvas do percentil 50 das quatro medidas antropométricas ao nascer em estudo e as curvas do percentil 50 de crescimento intrauterino. Entretanto, as curvas do percentil 50 das medidas antropométricas no período pós-natal foram similares às curvas do percentil 10 ou -2 desvios-padrão de crescimento intrauterino. Durante a internação, 84,6% das crianças receberam leite materno; entretanto, a mediana encontrada do percentual dos dias de uso do leite materno em função do tempo de internação foi de somente 50% (2 a 100%). CONCLUSÕES: Os ganhos antropométricos durante o período de internação não reproduzem o ganho intrauterino. Observou-se a necessidade de maior oferta do leite materno durante o período de internação.
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Ishida M, Moore GE. The role of imprinted genes in humans. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 34:826-40. [PMID: 22771538 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting, a process of epigenetic modification which allows the gene to be expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner, has an essential role in normal growth and development. Imprinting is found predominantly in placental mammals, and has potentially evolved as a mechanism to balance parental resource allocation to the offspring. Therefore, genetic and epigenetic disruptions which alter the specific dosage of imprinted genes can lead to various developmental abnormalities often associated with fetal growth and neurological behaviour. Over the past 20 years since the first imprinted gene was discovered, many different mechanisms have been implicated in this special regulatory mode of gene expression. This review includes a brief summary of the current understanding of the key molecular events taking place during imprint establishment and maintenance in early embryos, and their relationship to epigenetic disruptions seen in imprinting disorders. Genetic and epigenetic causes of eight recognised imprinting disorders including Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), and also their association with Assisted reproductive technology (ART) will be discussed. Finally, the role of imprinted genes in fetal growth will be explored by investigating their relationship to a common growth disorder, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and also their potential role in regulating normal growth variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ishida
- Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Abstract
There is considerable evidence for the fact that early life environment in human beings are associated with future development of various metabolic diseases. Fetal programming and perinatal events appear to exert effects on later life that are independent of environmental risk factors in adults. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms are limited and remains unclear. However several animal models and epidemiological studies have shown this association, and it is assumed secondary to the penalties of developmental plasticity. In this review, we amalgamate facts from several disciplines to support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Mathew
- Department of Endocrinology, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S. Vageesh Ayyar
- Department of Endocrinology, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Ishida M, Monk D, Duncan AJ, Abu-Amero S, Chong J, Ring SM, Pembrey ME, Hindmarsh PC, Whittaker JC, Stanier P, Moore GE. Maternal inheritance of a promoter variant in the imprinted PHLDA2 gene significantly increases birth weight. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:715-9. [PMID: 22444668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth weight is an important indicator of both perinatal and adult health, but little is known about the genetic factors contributing to its variability. Intrauterine growth restriction is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and is also associated with adult disease. A significant correlation has been reported between lower birth weight and increased expression of the maternal PHLDA2 allele in term placenta (the normal imprinting pattern was maintained). However, a mechanism that explains the transcriptional regulation of PHLDA2 on in utero growth has yet to be described. In this study, we sequenced the PHLDA2 promoter region in 263 fetal DNA samples to identify polymorphic variants. We used a luciferase reporter assay to identify in the PHLDA2 promoter a 15 bp repeat sequence (RS1) variant that significantly reduces PHLDA2-promoter efficiency. RS1 genotyping was then performed in three independent white European normal birth cohorts. Meta-analysis of all three (total n = 9,433) showed that maternal inheritance of RS1 resulted in a significant 93 g increase in birth weight (p = 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 22-163). Moreover, when the mother was homozygous for RS1, the influence on birth weight was 155 g (p = 0.04; 95% CI = 9-300), which is a similar magnitude to the reduction in birth weight caused by maternal smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ishida
- Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Higgins RD, Devaskar S, Hay WW, Ehrenkranz RA, Greer FR, Kennedy K, Meier P, Papile L, Sherman MP. Executive summary of the workshop "Nutritional Challenges in the High Risk Infant". J Pediatr 2012; 160:511-6. [PMID: 22240111 PMCID: PMC4530452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In 2009, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) invited an expert panel to a workshop to address the current knowledge gaps and lack of evidence-based guidelines that preclude optimal nutritional care for infants in neonatal intensive care units. Since much research needs to be done in this complex area of science, the group was requested to propose new research to rectify current deficiencies in this field. This paper provides a summary of the workshop presentations and discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary D Higgins
- Pregnancy and Perinatology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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