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Ivanova ON, Gavlina AV, Karpenko IL, Zenov MA, Antseva SS, Zakirova NF, Valuev-Elliston VT, Krasnov GS, Fedyakina IT, Vorobyev PO, Bartosch B, Kochetkov SN, Lipatova AV, Yanvarev DV, Ivanov AV. Polyamine Catabolism Revisited: Acetylpolyamine Oxidase Plays a Minor Role due to Low Expression. Cells 2024; 13:1134. [PMID: 38994986 PMCID: PMC11240330 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Biogenic polyamines are ubiquitous compounds. Dysregulation of their metabolism is associated with the development of various pathologies, including cancer, hyperproliferative diseases, and infections. The canonical pathway of polyamine catabolism includes acetylation of spermine and spermidine and subsequent acetylpolyamine oxidase (PAOX)-mediated oxidation of acetylpolyamines (back-conversion) or their direct efflux from the cell. PAOX is considered to catalyze a non-rate-limiting catabolic step. Here, we show that PAOX transcription levels are extremely low in various tumor- and non-tumor cell lines and, in most cases, do not change in response to altered polyamine metabolism. Its enzymatic activity is undetectable in the majority of cell lines except for neuroblastoma and low passage glioblastoma cell lines. Treatment of A549 cells with N1,N11-diethylnorspermine leads to PAOX induction, but its contribution to polyamine catabolism remains moderate. We also describe two alternative enzyme isoforms and show that isoform 4 has diminished oxidase activity and isoform 2 is inactive. PAOX overexpression correlates with the resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic antitumor drugs, indicating that PAOX may be a useful therapeutic target. Finally, PAOX is dispensable for the replication of various viruses. These data suggest that a decrease in polyamine levels is achieved predominantly by the secretion of acetylated spermine and spermidine rather than by back-conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Ivanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Gavlina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna L Karpenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin A Zenov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Antseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia F Zakirova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - George S Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina T Fedyakina
- Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Russia, 132098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel O Vorobyev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Birke Bartosch
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
- The Lyon Hepatology Institute EVEREST, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V Lipatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Yanvarev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Lesnova EI, Masalova OV, Permyakova KY, Demidova NA, Valuev-Elliston VT, Ivanov AV, Kushch AA. The adjuvant effect of polymuramil, a NOD1 and NOD2 agonist, differs when immunizing mice of different inbred lines with nonstructural hepatitis C virus (Flaviviridae: Hepacivirus)proteins and is synergistically enhanced in combination with pyrogenalum, a TLR4 agonist. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:315-326. [PMID: 38156588 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C is a liver disease with high chronicity, the cause of cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. The main obstacle to controlling hepatitis C is the lack of vaccines. The aim of the work was to compare the immunogenic activity of nonstructural recombinant proteins NS3, NS4 and NS5B of hepatitis C virus (HCV) as components of a subunit candidate vaccine and to analyze the adjuvant properties of two available commercial drugs, polymuramil and pyrogenalum. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c, DBA/2J and C57BL/6 mice were immunized with nonstructural proteins without adjuvants or with polymuramyl (NOD1 and NOD2 agonist) and pyrogenalum (TLR-4 agonist). The activity of antibodies was determined in ELISA, the cellular response - by antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation and by production of IFN-γ in vitro. RESULTS Recombinant proteins showed different immunogenicity. NS4 induced antibodies more efficiently than NS3 and NS5B. Significant differences were found in the immune response of three inbred lines mice: the level of IFN-γ in BALB/c and DBA/2J mice induced by NS5B protein was 30 times higher than in C57Bl/6 mice. In contrast, the induction of antibodies in BALB/c mice was lower than in C57Bl/6 and DBA/2J. Polymuramil did not increase the humoral response to NS5B and enhanced the cellular response only in C57BL/6 mice. The combined use of polymuramil with pyrogenalum significantly increased both the humoral and cellular response of mice to all recombinant HCV proteins. CONCLUSION Different immunogenic properties and different functions of recombinant non-structural HCV proteins indicate the feasibility of their combined inclusion in subunit vaccines. It was established for the first time that immunization with HCV proteins with a complex adjuvant (polymuramyl + pyrogenalum) has a synergistic effect, significantly exceeding the effect of each of them separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Lesnova
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - O V Masalova
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - K Y Permyakova
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
- Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin
| | - N A Demidova
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | | | - A V Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A A Kushch
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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Khomutov MA, Salikhov AI, Mitkevich VA, Tunitskaya VL, Smirnova OA, Korolev SP, Chizhov AO, Gottikh MB, Kochetkov SN, Khomutov AR. C-Methylated Spermidine Derivatives: Convenient Syntheses and Antizyme-Related Effects. Biomolecules 2023; 13:916. [PMID: 37371496 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogenic polyamines, spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), are present at millimolar concentrations in all eukaryotic cells, where they participate in the regulation of vitally important cellular functions. Polyamine analogs and derivatives are a traditional and important instrument for the investigation of the cellular functions of polyamines, enzymes of their metabolism, and the regulation of the biosynthesis of antizyme-a key downregulator of polyamine homeostasis. Here, we describe convenient gram-scale syntheses of a set of C-methylated analogs of Spd. The biochemical properties of these compounds and the possibility for the regulation of their activity by moving a methyl group along the polyamine backbone and by changing the stereochemistry of the chiral center(s) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Arthur I Salikhov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vera L Tunitskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Smirnova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey P Korolev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marina B Gottikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alex R Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Masalova OV, Lesnova EI, Andreev SM, Shershakova NN, Kozlov VV, Permyakova KY, Demidova NA, Valuev-Elliston VT, Turetskiy EA, Ivanov AV, Nikolaeva TN, Khaitov MR, Pronin AV, Kushch AA. [Adjuvant effect of dispersed fullerene C60 on the immune response to constructs harboring amino acid and nucleotide sequences of hepatitis C virus nonstructural NS5B protein]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 67:516-526. [PMID: 37264841 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A vaccine against hepatitis C has not yet been developed. Recombinant proteins and plasmids encoding hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins, the components of candidate vaccines, induce a weak immune response and require the use of adjuvants. The aim of the work was to study the adjuvant action of an aqueous solution of fullerene C60 during immunization of mice with HCV recombinant protein NS5B (rNS5B) that is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, or with NS5B-encoding pcNS5B plasmid. MATERIALS AND METHODS An aqueous solution of dispersed fullerene (dnC60) was obtained by ultrafiltration. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with rNS5B subcutaneously, pcNS5B intramuscularly mixed with different doses of dnC60 three times, then the humoral and cellular response to HCV was evaluated. RESULTS Mice immunization with rNS5B in a mixture with dnC60 at doses of 250 g/mouse significantly induced humoral response: a dose-dependent increase in IgG1 antibody titers was 720 times higher than in the absence of fullerene. There was no increase in the cellular response to rNS5B when administered with dnC60. The humoral response to DNA immunization was weak in mice of all groups receiving pcNS5B. The cellular response was suppressed when the plasmid was injected in a mixture with dnC60. CONCLUSIONS Dispersed fullerene dnC60 is a promising adjuvant for increasing the immunostimulating activity of weakly immunogenic proteins including surface and other HCV proteins, important for a protective response. Further research is needed to enhance the ability of dnC60 to boost the cellular immune response to the components of the candidate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Masalova
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E I Lesnova
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | | | | | - V V Kozlov
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - K Y Permyakova
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin»
| | - N A Demidova
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | | | - E A Turetskiy
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - A V Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - T N Nikolaeva
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - M R Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - A V Pronin
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A A Kushch
- Gamaleya NRC of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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Konduktorova VV, Luchinskaya NN, Belyavsky AV. Expression of the Germes Germ Plasm Gene in Follicular Cells of X. laevis Oocytes. Russ J Dev Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360422050034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Role of Polyamine-Induced Dimerization of Antizyme in Its Cellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094614. [PMID: 35563006 PMCID: PMC9104013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyamines, spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd), are important for cell growth and function. Their homeostasis is strictly controlled, and a key downregulator of the polyamine pool is the polyamine-inducible protein, antizyme 1 (OAZ1). OAZ1 inhibits polyamine uptake and targets ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, for proteasomal degradation. Here we report, for the first time, that polyamines induce dimerization of mouse recombinant full-length OAZ1, forming an (OAZ1)2-Polyamine complex. Dimerization could be modulated by functionally active C-methylated spermidine mimetics (MeSpds) by changing the position of the methyl group along the Spd backbone—2-MeSpd was a poor inducer as opposed to 1-MeSpd, 3-MeSpd, and Spd, which were good inducers. Importantly, the ability of compounds to inhibit polyamine uptake correlated with the efficiency of the (OAZ1)2-Polyamine complex formation. Thus, the (OAZ1)2-Polyamine complex may be needed to inhibit polyamine uptake. The efficiency of polyamine-induced ribosomal +1 frameshifting of OAZ1 mRNA could also be differentially modulated by MeSpds—2-MeSpd was a poor inducer of OAZ1 biosynthesis and hence a poor downregulator of ODC activity unlike the other MeSpds. These findings offer new insight into the OAZ1-mediated regulation of polyamine homeostasis and provide the chemical tools to study it.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Both Enhance and Inhibit the Cellular Response to DNA Immunization by Genes of Nonstructural Proteins of the Hepatitis C Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158121
expr 825321411 + 858242883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, there is still no vaccine against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSCs can exhibit adjuvant properties during DNA vaccination against hepatitis C. We used the pcNS3-NS5B plasmid encoding five nonstructural HCV proteins and MSCs derived from mice bone marrow. Five groups of DBA mice were immunized with the plasmid and/or MSCs in a different order. Group 1 was injected with the plasmid twice at intervals of 3 weeks; Group 2 with the plasmid, and after 24 h with MSCs; Group 3 with MSCs followed by the plasmid the next day; Group 4 with only MSCs; and Group 5 with saline. When the MSCs were injected prior to DNA immunization, the cell immune response to HCV proteins assessed by the level of IFN-γ synthesis was markedly increased compared to DNA alone. In contrast, MSCs injected after DNA suppressed the immune response. Apparently, the high level of proinflammatory cytokines detected after DNA injection promotes the conversion of MSCs introduced later into the immunosuppressive MSC2. The low level of cytokines in mice before MSC administration promotes the high immunostimulatory activity of MSC1 in response to a DNA vaccine. Thus, when administered before DNA, MSCs are capable of exhibiting promising adjuvant properties.
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8
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Masalova OV, Lesnova EI, Klimova RR, Ivanov AV, Kushch AA. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Both Enhance and Inhibit the Cellular Response to DNA Immunization by Genes of Nonstructural Proteins of the Hepatitis C Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8121. [PMID: 34360889 PMCID: PMC8347804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158121&set/a 880446214+990577611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, there is still no vaccine against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSCs can exhibit adjuvant properties during DNA vaccination against hepatitis C. We used the pcNS3-NS5B plasmid encoding five nonstructural HCV proteins and MSCs derived from mice bone marrow. Five groups of DBA mice were immunized with the plasmid and/or MSCs in a different order. Group 1 was injected with the plasmid twice at intervals of 3 weeks; Group 2 with the plasmid, and after 24 h with MSCs; Group 3 with MSCs followed by the plasmid the next day; Group 4 with only MSCs; and Group 5 with saline. When the MSCs were injected prior to DNA immunization, the cell immune response to HCV proteins assessed by the level of IFN-γ synthesis was markedly increased compared to DNA alone. In contrast, MSCs injected after DNA suppressed the immune response. Apparently, the high level of proinflammatory cytokines detected after DNA injection promotes the conversion of MSCs introduced later into the immunosuppressive MSC2. The low level of cytokines in mice before MSC administration promotes the high immunostimulatory activity of MSC1 in response to a DNA vaccine. Thus, when administered before DNA, MSCs are capable of exhibiting promising adjuvant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Masalova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-190-30-49
| | - Ekaterina I. Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Regina R. Klimova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alla A. Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
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Masalova OV, Lesnova EI, Klimova RR, Ivanov AV, Kushch AA. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Both Enhance and Inhibit the Cellular Response to DNA Immunization by Genes of Nonstructural Proteins of the Hepatitis C Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8121. [PMID: 34360889 PMCID: PMC8347804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, there is still no vaccine against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSCs can exhibit adjuvant properties during DNA vaccination against hepatitis C. We used the pcNS3-NS5B plasmid encoding five nonstructural HCV proteins and MSCs derived from mice bone marrow. Five groups of DBA mice were immunized with the plasmid and/or MSCs in a different order. Group 1 was injected with the plasmid twice at intervals of 3 weeks; Group 2 with the plasmid, and after 24 h with MSCs; Group 3 with MSCs followed by the plasmid the next day; Group 4 with only MSCs; and Group 5 with saline. When the MSCs were injected prior to DNA immunization, the cell immune response to HCV proteins assessed by the level of IFN-γ synthesis was markedly increased compared to DNA alone. In contrast, MSCs injected after DNA suppressed the immune response. Apparently, the high level of proinflammatory cytokines detected after DNA injection promotes the conversion of MSCs introduced later into the immunosuppressive MSC2. The low level of cytokines in mice before MSC administration promotes the high immunostimulatory activity of MSC1 in response to a DNA vaccine. Thus, when administered before DNA, MSCs are capable of exhibiting promising adjuvant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Masalova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina I. Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Regina R. Klimova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alla A. Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
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10
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Lesnova EI, Masalova OV, Permyakova KY, Kozlov VV, Nikolaeva TN, Pronin AV, Valuev-Elliston VT, Ivanov AV, Kushch AA. Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an Inhibitor of Polyamine Biosynthesis, and Antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine Potentiate Immune Response in Mice to the Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136892. [PMID: 34206987 PMCID: PMC8268280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the main triggers of chronic liver disease. Despite tremendous progress in the HCV field, there is still no vaccine against this virus. Potential vaccines can be based on its recombinant proteins. To increase the humoral and, especially, cellular immune response to them, more effective adjuvants are needed. Here, we evaluated a panel of compounds as potential adjuvants using the HCV NS5B protein as an immunogen. These compounds included inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis and urea cycle, the mTOR pathway, antioxidants, and cellular receptors. A pronounced stimulation of cell proliferation and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion in response to concanavalin A was shown for antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor 2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), and TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 1826 (CpG). Their usage during the immunization of mice with the recombinant NS5B protein significantly increased antibody titers, enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ production. NAC and CpG decreased relative Treg numbers; CpG increased the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), whereas neither NAC nor DFMO affected MDSC counts. NAC and DFMO suppressed NO and interleukin 10 (IL-10) production by splenocytes, while DFMO increased the levels of IL-12. This is the first evidence of immunomodulatory activity of NAC and DFMO during prophylactic immunization against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Olga V. Masalova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (O.V.M.); (A.V.I.); Tel.: +7-499-190-30-49 (O.V.M.); +7-199-135-60-65 (A.V.I.)
| | - Kristina Yu. Permyakova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology—MVA by K.I. Skryabin”, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav V. Kozlov
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Tatyana N. Nikolaeva
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Pronin
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Vladimir T. Valuev-Elliston
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (O.V.M.); (A.V.I.); Tel.: +7-499-190-30-49 (O.V.M.); +7-199-135-60-65 (A.V.I.)
| | - Alla A. Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
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Mini-Intein Structures from Extremophiles Suggest a Strategy for Finding Novel Robust Inteins. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061226. [PMID: 34198729 PMCID: PMC8229266 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inteins are prevalent among extremophiles. Mini-inteins with robust splicing properties are of particular interest for biotechnological applications due to their small size. However, biochemical and structural characterization has still been limited to a small number of inteins, and only a few serve as widely used tools in protein engineering. We determined the crystal structure of a naturally occurring Pol-II mini-intein from Pyrococcus horikoshii and compared all three mini-inteins found in the genome of P. horikoshii. Despite their similar sizes, the comparison revealed distinct differences in the insertions and deletions, implying specific evolutionary pathways from distinct ancestral origins. Our studies suggest that sporadically distributed mini-inteins might be more promising for further protein engineering applications than highly conserved mini-inteins. Structural investigations of additional inteins could guide the shortest path to finding novel robust mini-inteins suitable for various protein engineering purposes.
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Jansons J, Bayurova E, Skrastina D, Kurlanda A, Fridrihsone I, Kostyushev D, Kostyusheva A, Artyuhov A, Dashinimaev E, Avdoshina D, Kondrashova A, Valuev-Elliston V, Latyshev O, Eliseeva O, Petkov S, Abakumov M, Hippe L, Kholodnyuk I, Starodubova E, Gorodnicheva T, Ivanov A, Gordeychuk I, Isaguliants M. Expression of the Reverse Transcriptase Domain of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Induces Lytic Cellular Response in DNA-Immunized Mice and Limits Tumorigenic and Metastatic Potential of Murine Adenocarcinoma 4T1 Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020318. [PMID: 32570805 PMCID: PMC7350266 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a classic tumor-associated antigen overexpressed in majority of tumors. Several TERT-based cancer vaccines are currently in clinical trials, but immune correlates of their antitumor activity remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized fine specificity and lytic potential of immune response against rat TERT in mice. BALB/c mice were primed with plasmids encoding expression-optimized hemagglutinin-tagged or nontagged TERT or empty vector and boosted with same DNA mixed with plasmid encoding firefly luciferase (Luc DNA). Injections were followed by electroporation. Photon emission from booster sites was assessed by in vivo bioluminescent imaging. Two weeks post boost, mice were sacrificed and assessed for IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production by T-cells upon their stimulation with TERT peptides and for anti-TERT antibodies. All TERT DNA-immunized mice developed cellular and antibody response against epitopes at the N-terminus and reverse transcriptase domain (rtTERT) of TERT. Photon emission from mice boosted with TERT/TERT-HA+Luc DNA was 100 times lower than from vector+Luc DNA-boosted controls. Bioluminescence loss correlated with percent of IFN-γ/IL-2/TNF-α producing CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells specific to rtTERT, indicating immune clearance of TERT/Luc-coexpressing cells. We made murine adenocarcinoma 4T1luc2 cells to express rtTERT by lentiviral transduction. Expression of rtTERT significantly reduced the capacity of 4T1luc2 to form tumors and metastasize in mice, while not affecting in vitro growth. Mice which rejected the tumors developed T-cell response against rtTERT and low/no response to the autoepitope of TERT. This advances rtTERT as key component of TERT-based therapeutic vaccines against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juris Jansons
- Department of Research, and Department of Pathology, Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (L.H.); (I.K.)
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Ekaterina Bayurova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Dace Skrastina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Alisa Kurlanda
- Department of Research, and Department of Pathology, Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (L.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Ilze Fridrihsone
- Department of Research, and Department of Pathology, Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (L.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Anastasia Kostyusheva
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Artyuhov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 127994, Russia; (A.A.); (E.D.)
| | - Erdem Dashinimaev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 127994, Russia; (A.A.); (E.D.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia
| | - Darya Avdoshina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Alla Kondrashova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Vladimir Valuev-Elliston
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (V.V.-E.); (E.S.)
| | - Oleg Latyshev
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
| | - Olesja Eliseeva
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
| | - Stefan Petkov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Maxim Abakumov
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 127994, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 127994, Russia
| | - Laura Hippe
- Department of Research, and Department of Pathology, Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (L.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Irina Kholodnyuk
- Department of Research, and Department of Pathology, Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (L.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Elizaveta Starodubova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (V.V.-E.); (E.S.)
| | | | - Alexander Ivanov
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (V.V.-E.); (E.S.)
| | - Ilya Gordeychuk
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.A.); (A.K.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 127994, Russia
| | - Maria Isaguliants
- Department of Research, and Department of Pathology, Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (L.H.); (I.K.)
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 127994, Russia; (E.B.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (I.G.)
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia; (D.A.); (A.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
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Masalova OV, Lesnova EI, Klimova RR, Momotyuk ED, Kozlov VV, Ivanova AM, Payushina OV, Butorina NN, Zakirova NF, Narovlyansky AN, Pronin AV, Ivanov AV, Kushch AA. Genetically Modified Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Non-Structural Proteins of Hepatitis C Virus Induce Effective Immune Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E62. [PMID: 32024236 PMCID: PMC7158691 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease and leads to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Despite extensive research, there is still no vaccine against HCV. In order to induce an immune response in DBA/2J mice against HCV, we obtained modified mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) simultaneously expressing five nonstructural HCV proteins (NS3-NS5B). The innate immune response to mMSCs was higher than to DNA immunization, with plasmid encoding the same proteins, and to naïve unmodified MSCs. mMSCs triggered strong phagocytic activity, enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, and production of type I and II interferons. The adaptive immune response to mMSCs was also more pronounced than in the case of DNA immunization, as exemplified by a fourfold stronger stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation in response to HCV, a 2.6-fold higher rate of biosynthesis, and a 30-fold higher rate of secretion of IFN-γ, as well as by a 40-fold stronger production of IgG2a antibodies to viral proteins. The immunostimulatory effect of mMSCs was associated with pronounced IL-6 secretion and reduction in the population of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Thus, this is the first example that suggests the feasibility of using mMSCs for the development of an effective anti-HCV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Masalova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina I. Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Regina R. Klimova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina D. Momotyuk
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Vyacheslav V. Kozlov
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alla M. Ivanova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Olga V. Payushina
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Nina N. Butorina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia;
| | - Natalia F. Zakirova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Narovlyansky
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Pronin
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Alla A. Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
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Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Is Regulated by Cysteine S-Glutathionylation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3196140. [PMID: 31687077 PMCID: PMC6800943 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3196140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) triggers massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and affects expression of genes encoding ROS-scavenging enzymes. Multiple lines of evidence show that levels of ROS production contribute to the development of various virus-associated pathologies. However, investigation of HCV redox biology so far remained in the paradigm of oxidative stress, whereas no attention was given to the identification of redox switches among viral proteins. Here, we report that one of such redox switches is the NS5B protein that exhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. Treatment of the recombinant protein with reducing agents significantly increases its enzymatic activity. Moreover, we show that the NS5B protein is subjected to S-glutathionylation that affects cysteine residues 89, 140, 170, 223, 274, 521, and either 279 or 295. Substitution of these cysteines except C89 and C223 with serine residues led to the reduction of the RdRp activity of the recombinant protein in a primer-dependent assay. The recombinant protein with a C279S mutation was almost inactive in vitro and could not be activated with reducing agents. In contrast, cysteine substitutions in the NS5B region in the context of a subgenomic replicon displayed opposite effects: most of the mutations enhanced HCV replication. This difference may be explained by the deleterious effect of oxidation of NS5B cysteine residues in liver cells and by the protective role of S-glutathionylation. Based on these data, redox-sensitive posttranslational modifications of HCV NS5B and other proteins merit a more detailed investigation and analysis of their role(s) in the virus life cycle and associated pathogenesis.
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Polamreddy P, Vishwakarma V, Arumugam P, Bheemanati R, Esram P, Mahto MK, Kacker P. Discovery of hit molecules targeting allosteric site of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1448-1466. [PMID: 31007134 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1608864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), plays a key role in viral amplification and is an attractive and most explored target for discovery of new therapeutic agents for Hepatitis C. Though safe and effective, NS5B inhibitors were launched in 2013 (Sovaldi) and 2014 (Harvoni, Viekira Pak), the high price tags of these medications limit their use among poor people in developing countries. Hence, still there exists a need for cost-effective and short duration anti-HCV agents especially those targeting niche patient population who were non-respondent to earlier therapies or with comorbid conditions. The present study describes the discovery of novel non-nucleoside (NNI) inhibitors of NS5B using a series of rational drug design techniques such as virtual screening, scaffold matching and molecular docking. 2D and 3D structure based virtual screening technique identified 300 hit compounds. Top 20 hits were screened out from identified hits using molecular docking technique. Four molecules, that are representative of 20 hits were evaluated for binding affinity under in vitro conditions using surface plasmon resonance-based assay and the results emphasized that compound with CoCoCo ID: 412075 could exhibit good binding response toward NS5B and could be a potential candidate as NS5B inhibitor.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthi Polamreddy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.,Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinita Vishwakarma
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Puneet Kacker
- Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India
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Masalova OV, Lesnova EI, Onishchuk AA, Ivanova AM, Gerasimova EV, Ivanov AV, Narovlyansky AN, Sanin AV, Pronin AV, Kushch AA. Polyprenyl Phosphates Induce a High Humoral and Cellular Response to Immunization with Recombinant Proteins of the Replicative Complex of the Hepatitis C Virus. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2018; 482:261-263. [PMID: 30397888 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672918050083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The search for new adjuvants remains the critical task for the creation of hepatitis C vaccines due to the weak immunogenicity of biotechnological products. When immunizing mice with the recombinant proteins NS3 and NS5B of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), the adjuvant activity of three immunomodulators was compared. Phosprenyl® on the basis of polyprenyl phosphate (PPP), chemically synthesized analogue of the bacterial cell wall glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide (GMDP), and IFN-α recombinant protein were tested. GMDP increased the activity of IgG1 antibodies 4-6 times but did not stimulate the production of IFN-γ; IFN-α has not shown any adjuvant properties. The introduction of recombinant HCV proteins together with PPP in low doses increased the activity of IgG2a isotype antibodies 4-7 times and increased IFN-γ secretion 3 times. Thus, it was first shown that PPP polarizes the immune response to Th1-type and is a promising adjuvant for the development of a vaccine against hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Masalova
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia.
| | - E I Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | | | - A M Ivanova
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - E V Gerasimova
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A V Ivanov
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A N Narovlyansky
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A V Sanin
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A V Pronin
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A A Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
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Codon optimization and improved delivery/immunization regimen enhance the immune response against wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, preserving its Th2-polarity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8078. [PMID: 29799015 PMCID: PMC5967322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines require a considerable enhancement of immunogenicity. Here, we optimized a prototype DNA vaccine against drug-resistant HIV-1 based on a weak Th2-immunogen, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). We designed expression-optimized genes encoding inactivated wild-type and drug-resistant RTs (RT-DNAs) and introduced them into mice by intradermal injections followed by electroporation. RT-DNAs were administered as single or double primes with or without cyclic-di-GMP, or as a prime followed by boost with RT-DNA mixed with a luciferase-encoding plasmid (“surrogate challenge”). Repeated primes improved cellular responses and broadened epitope specificity. Addition of cyclic-di-GMP induced a transient increase in IFN-γ production. The strongest anti-RT immune response was achieved in a prime-boost protocol with electroporation by short 100V pulses done using penetrating electrodes. The RT-specific response, dominated by CD4+ T-cells, targeted epitopes at aa 199–220 and aa 528–543. Drug-resistance mutations disrupted the epitope at aa 205–220, while the CTL epitope at aa 202–210 was not affected. Overall, multiparametric optimization of RT strengthened its Th2- performance. A rapid loss of RT/luciferase-expressing cells in the surrogate challenge experiment revealed a lytic potential of anti-RT response. Such lytic CD4+ response would be beneficial for an HIV vaccine due to its comparative insensitivity to immune escape.
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Fusion to Flaviviral Leader Peptide Targets HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase for Secretion and Reduces Its Enzymatic Activity and Ability to Induce Oxidative Stress but Has No Major Effects on Its Immunogenic Performance in DNA-Immunized Mice. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:7407136. [PMID: 28717654 PMCID: PMC5498913 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7407136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase (RT) is a key enzyme in viral replication and susceptibility to ART and a crucial target of immunotherapy against drug-resistant HIV-1. RT induces oxidative stress which undermines the attempts to make it immunogenic. We hypothesized that artificial secretion may reduce the stress and make RT more immunogenic. Inactivated multidrug-resistant RT (RT1.14opt-in) was N-terminally fused to the signal providing secretion of NS1 protein of TBEV (Ld) generating optimized inactivated Ld-carrying enzyme RT1.14oil. Promotion of secretion prohibited proteasomal degradation increasing the half-life and content of RT1.14oil in cells and cell culture medium, drastically reduced the residual polymerase activity, and downmodulated oxidative stress. BALB/c mice were DNA-immunized with RT1.14opt-in or parental RT1.14oil by intradermal injections with electroporation. Fluorospot and ELISA tests revealed that RT1.14opt-in and RT1.14oil induced IFN-γ/IL-2, RT1.14opt-in induced granzyme B, and RT1.14oil induced perforin production. Perforin secretion correlated with coproduction of IFN-γ and IL-2 (R = 0,97). Both DNA immunogens induced strong anti-RT antibody response. Ld peptide was not immunogenic. Thus, Ld-driven secretion inferred little change to RT performance in DNA immunization. Positive outcome was the abrogation of polymerase activity increasing safety of RT-based DNA vaccines. Identification of the molecular determinants of low cellular immunogenicity of RT requires further studies.
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Ganta KK, Mandal A, Debnath S, Hazra B, Chaubey B. Anti-HCV Activity from Semi-purified Methanolic Root Extracts of Valeriana wallichii. Phytother Res 2017; 31:433-440. [PMID: 28078810 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a serious global health problem affecting approximately 130-150 million individuals. Presently available direct-acting anti-HCV drugs have higher barriers to resistance and also improved success rate; however, cost concerns limit their utilization, especially in developing countries like India. Therefore, development of additional agents to combat HCV infection is needed. In the present study, we have evaluated anti-HCV potential of water, chloroform, and methanol extracts from roots of Valeriana wallichii, a traditional Indian medicinal plant. Huh-7.5 cells infected with J6/JFH chimeric HCV strain were treated with water, chloroform, and methanol extracts at different concentrations. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction result demonstrated that methanolic extract showed reduction in HCV replication. The methanolic extract was fractionated by thin layer chromatography, and the purified fractions (F1, F2, F3, and F4) were checked for anti-HCV activity. Significant viral inhibition was noted only in F4 fraction. Further, intrinsic fluorescence assay of purified HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5B in the presence of F4 resulted in sharp quenching of intrinsic fluorescence with increasing amount of plant extract. Our results indicated that methanolic extract of V. wallichii and its fraction (F4) inhibited HCV by binding with HCV NS5B protein. The findings would be further investigated to identify the active principle/lead molecule towards development of complementary and alternative therapeutics against HCV. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Ganta
- Functional Genomics Lab, Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Anirban Mandal
- Functional Genomics Lab, Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sukalyani Debnath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Banasri Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Binay Chaubey
- Functional Genomics Lab, Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
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Magri A, Ozerov AA, Tunitskaya VL, Valuev-Elliston VT, Wahid A, Pirisi M, Simmonds P, Ivanov AV, Novikov MS, Patel AH. Exploration of acetanilide derivatives of 1-(ω-phenoxyalkyl)uracils as novel inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus replication. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29487. [PMID: 27406141 PMCID: PMC4942610 DOI: 10.1038/srep29487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a major public health problem worldwide. While highly efficacious directly-acting antiviral agents have been developed in recent years, their high costs and relative inaccessibility make their use limited. Here, we describe new 1-(ω-phenoxyalkyl)uracils bearing acetanilide fragment in 3 position of pyrimidine ring as potential antiviral drugs against HCV. Using a combination of various biochemical assays and in vitro virus infection and replication models, we show that our compounds are able to significantly reduce viral genomic replication, independently of virus genotype, with their IC50 values in the nanomolar range. We also demonstrate that our compounds can block de novo RNA synthesis and that effect is dependent on a chemical structure of the compounds. A detailed structure-activity relationship revealed that the most active compounds were the N(3)-substituted uracil derivatives containing 6-(4-bromophenoxy)hexyl or 8-(4-bromophenoxy)octyl fragment at N(1) position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Magri
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alexander A. Ozerov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Vera L. Tunitskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ahmed Wahid
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia, University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S. Novikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Arvind H. Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
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Introduction of plasmid encoding for rare tRNAs reduces amplification bias in phage display biopanning. Biotechniques 2015; 58:81-4. [PMID: 25652031 DOI: 10.2144/000114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification bias is a major hurdle in phage display protocols because it imparts additional, unintended selection pressure beyond binding to the desired target. One potential source of amplification bias is the inherent lack of codon optimization that occurs within phage display libraries. Here we present a method that reduces amplification bias by addition of a plasmid that encodes six low abundance tRNAs into K91 Escherichia coli. This new strain, termed K91+, is used to amplify phage during the selection process. We demonstrate the importance of rare codon usage in phage production, and our method produced an overall increase in uniformity of phage production in a random library. Both of these variables are improved in E. coli K91+ compared with the parental K91 strain. This simple solution, requiring only a commercially available plasmid and an additional antibiotic, can reduce amplification bias in phage display protocols.
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Kukhanova MK, Korovina AN, Sharkin YA, Azhayev AV, Kochetkov SN. 2′-Fluoronucleotides as substrates of viral replicative polymerases. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Anwar MI, Iqbal M, Yousef MS, Rahman M. Over-expression and characterization of NS3 and NS5A of Hepatitis C virus genotype 3a. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:111. [PMID: 24238670 PMCID: PMC3842787 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common and leading cause for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current therapies to treat HCV infection are shown to be partially effective and poorly tolerated. Therefore, ample efforts are underway to rationally design therapies targeting the HCV non-structural proteins. Most of the work carried out in this direction has been focusing mainly on HCV genotype 1. Two direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) Telaprevir and Boceprevir are being used against genotype 1a infection in combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin. Unfortunately these DAAs are not effective against genotype 3a. Considering the wide spread infection by HCV genotype 3a in developing countries especially South Asia, we have focused on the recombinant production of antiviral drug targets NS3 and NS5A from HCV genotype 3a. These protein targets are to be used for screening of inhibitors. Results High-level expression of NS3 and NS5A was achieved at 25°C, using ~1 and 0.5 mM Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), respectively. Yields of the purified NS3 and NS5A were 4 and 1 mg per liter culture volume, respectively. Although similar amounts of purified NS3 were obtained at 25 and 14°C, specificity constant (Kcat/Km) was somewhat higher at expression temperature of 25°C. Circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed that both NS3 and NS5A contain a mixture of alpha-helix and beta-sheet secondary structures. For NS3 protein, percentages of secondary structures were similar to the values predicted from homology modeling. Conclusions NS3 and NS5A were over-expressed and using Nickel-affinity method both proteins were purified to ~ 95% purity. Yield of the purified NS3 obtained is four fold higher than previous reports. CD spectroscopy revealed that difference in activity of NS3 expressed at various temperatures is not related to changes in global structural features of the protein. Moreover, CD and FT-IR analysis showed that NS3 and NS5A contain both alpha-helical and beta-sheet structures and for NS5A, the proportion is almost equal. The production of NS3 and NS5A in milligram quantities will allow their characterization by biophysical and biochemical means that will help in designing new strategies to fight against HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Korovina AN, Tunitskaya VL, Khomutov MA, Simonian AR, Khomutov AR, Ivanov AV, Kochetkov SN. Biogenic polyamines spermine and spermidine activate RNA polymerase and inhibit RNA helicase of hepatitis C virus. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:1172-80. [PMID: 23157297 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Influence of the biogenic polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine as well as their derivatives on the replication enzymes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was investigated. It was found that spermine and spermidine activate HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B protein). This effect was not caused by the stabilization of the enzyme or by competition with template-primer complex, but rather it was due to achievement of true maximum velocity V(max). Natural polyamines and their derivatives effectively inhibited the helicase reaction catalyzed by another enzyme of HCV replication - helicase/NTPase (NS3 protein). However, these compounds affected neither the NTPase reaction nor its activation by polynucleotides. Activation of the HCV RNA polymerase and inhibition of the viral helicase were shown at physiological concentrations of the polyamines. These data suggest that biogenic polyamines may cause differently directed effects on the replication of the HCV genome in an infected cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Korovina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Manvar D, Singh K, Pandey VN. Affinity labeling of hepatitis C virus replicase with a nucleotide analogue: identification of binding site. Biochemistry 2013; 52:432-44. [PMID: 23268692 DOI: 10.1021/bi301098g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We have used an ATP analogue 5'-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine (FSBA) to modify HCV replicase in order to identify the ATP binding site in the enzyme. FSBA inactivates HCV replicase activity in a concentration-dependent manner with a binding stoichiometry of 2 moles of FSBA per mole of enzyme. The enzyme activity is protected from FSBA in the presence of rNTP substrates or double-stranded RNA template primers that do not support ATP as the incoming nucleotide but not in the presence of polyrU.rA(26). HPLC analysis of tryptic peptides of FSBA-modified enzyme revealed the presence of two distinct peptides eluted at 23 and 36 min; these were absent in the control. Further we noted that both peptides were protected from FSBA modification in the presence of Mg·ATP. The LC/MS/MS analysis of the affinity-labeled tryptic peptides purified from HPLC, identified two major modification sites at positions 382 (Tyr), and 491 (Lys) and a minor site at position 38 (Tyr). To validate the functional significance of Tyr38, Tyr382, and Lys491 in catalysis, we individually substituted these residues by alanine and examined their ability to catalyze RdRp activity. We found that both Y382A and K491A mutants were significantly affected in their ability to catalyze RdRp activity while Y38A remained unaffected. We further observed that both Y382A and K491A mutants were not affected in their ability to bind template primer but were significantly affected in their ability to photo-cross-link ATP in the absence or presence of template primer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Manvar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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Manvar D, Mishra M, Kumar S, Pandey VN. Identification and evaluation of anti hepatitis C virus phytochemicals from Eclipta alba. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:545-54. [PMID: 23026306 PMCID: PMC3511619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eclipta alba, traditionally known as bhringraj, has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for more than 1000 years in India. It is used for the treatment of infective hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver enlargement and other ailments of liver and gall bladder in India. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-hepatitis C virus activity present in the Eclipta alba extract, perform bioassay based fractionation and identify anti-HCV phytochemicals from the active fractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Identification of active compounds was performed by bio-activity guided fractionation approach. Active isolates were separated by the combination of silica gel chromatography and preparative scale reverse phase HPLC. Eclipta alba extract and its isolates were examined for their ability to inhibit HCV replicase (HCV NS5B) activity in vitro and HCV replication in a cell culture system carrying replicating HCV subgenomic RNA replicon. The purified isolates were also examined for their binding affinity to HCV replicase by fluorescence quenching and their cytotoxicity by MTT assay. RESULTS Eclipta alba extract strongly inhibited RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity of HCV replicase in vitro. In cell culture system, it effectively inhibited HCV replication which resulted in reduced HCV RNA titer and translation level of viral proteins. Bioassay-based fractionations of the extracts and purification of anti-HCV phytochemicals present in the active fractions have identified three compounds, wedelolactone, luteolin, and apigenin. These compounds exhibited dose dependent inhibition of HCV replicase in vitro, and anti-HCV replication activity in the cell culture system CONCLUSION Eclipta alba extract and phytochemicals isolated from active fractions display anti-HCV activity in vitro and in cell culture system. The standardized Eclipta alba extract or its isolates can be used as an effective alternative and complementary treatment against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Manvar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Emerging Pathogens, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Mahesh Mishra
- Ganesh Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Mumukshu Bhawan, Varanasi, India
| | - Suriender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Emerging Pathogens, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Virendra N. Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Emerging Pathogens, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
- Corresponding author: Virendra N. Pandey, Ph.D. Tel.: 001-973-972-0660; FAX: 001-973-972-8657
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Gurramkonda C, Talha SM, Gudi SK, Gogineni VR, Surya Sambasiva Rao KR. Fed-batch cultivation of Escherichia coliexpressed designer hepatitis C virus diagnostic intermediate and its evaluation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2012; 59:437-444. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheikh M. Talha
- Recombinant Gene Products Group; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; New Delhi; India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Gudi
- Recombinant Gene Products Group; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; New Delhi; India
| | - Venkateswara Rao Gogineni
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Peoria; IL; USA
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Starodubova E, Krotova O, Hallengärd D, Kuzmenko Y, Engström G, Legzdina D, Latyshev O, Eliseeva O, Maltais AK, Tunitskaya V, Karpov V, Bråve A, Isaguliants M. Cellular Immunogenicity of Novel Gene Immunogens in Mice Monitored by in Vivo Imaging. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2012.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Starodubova
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Krotova
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Hallengärd
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yulia Kuzmenko
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Engström
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Legzdina
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oleg Latyshev
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olesja Eliseeva
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Karin Maltais
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vera Tunitskaya
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vadim Karpov
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Bråve
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Isaguliants
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
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Alaee M, Rajabi P, Sharifi Z, Farajollahi MM. Immunoreactivity assessment of hepatitis C virus NS3 protease and NS5A proteins expressed in TOPO cloning system. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2012; 47:282-91. [PMID: 23040046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of acute and chronic liver disease. Numerous screening assays based on the detection of immunoresponses to HCV structural and nonstructural proteins have been designed. Various studies have demonstrated genotype-specific differences in anti-HCV antibody responses to different HCV proteins. METHODS Full-length NS3 protease and N-terminally truncated NS5A were expressed using pET TOPO 102/D system. Antigenicity of the purified recombinant proteins was assessed by immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, anti-HCV antibody responses to the recombinant proteins were evaluated in three prevalent genotypes in Iran. RESULTS We were able to express and purify NS5A and NS3 protease using TOPO cloning system. The HCV NS3 protease and NS5A produced in BL21 Star (DE3) was immunoreactive. Our results demonstrate that NS3 protease and NS5A have good immunoreactivity, but they are not sufficient for detecting all HCV-positive sera. No significant genotype-specific differences were detected in immunoresponses to the recombinant proteins. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we successfully isolated, expressed, and purified substantial amount of HCV NS3 protease and N-terminally truncated NS5A, and used them as capturing antigens in a screening ELISA assay with high sensitivity, reproducibility, and specificity. Accordingly, it is well confirmed that TOPO cloning system can be used as a dynamic system in order to express higher amount of immunoreactive viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Rajabi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sharifi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Morad Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Leopold AV, Baklaushev VP, Pavlov KA, Chekhonin VP. Expression of a recombinant extracellular fragment of human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR1 in E. coli. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 151:347-52. [PMID: 22451884 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human vascular endothelium growth factor receptor VEGFR1 is a type III fms-like tyrosine kinase with weakly pronounced tyrosine kinase function. The second and third IgG-like domains of the extracellular part of VEGFR1 act as "traps" for VEGF and are prospective candidates for antiangiogenic therapy of VEGF-dependent tumors. cDNA encoding extracellular Ig-like domains 2, 3, 4 of VEGFR1 was cloned in expressing vectors pET28a, pET32a, and pQE60. The recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli cells and purified by metal affinity chromatography. An expressing construction and a superproducer strain were created, allowing the production of high amounts of recombinant VEGFR1 extracellular fragment, needed for experimental in vivo antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Leopold
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologics, N.I. Pirogov Russian State Medical University, Russia.
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Discovery of substituted N-phenylbenzenesulphonamides as a novel class of non-nucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2012; 95:182-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Masalova OV, Lesnova EI, Shingarova LN, Tunitskaya VL, Ulanova TI, Burkov AN, Kushch AA. The combined application of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of NS3 hepatitis C virus protein, DNA encoding granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and inhibitor of regulatory T cells induces effective immune responce against Hepatitis C virus. Mol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893312030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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C-6 aryl substituted 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acids as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4790-800. [PMID: 22748708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quinolone-3-carboxylic acid represents a highly privileged chemotype in medicinal chemistry and has been extensively explored as antibiotics and antivirals targeting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase (IN). Herein we describe the synthesis and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) profile of a series of C-6 aryl substituted 4-quinlone-3-carboxylic acid analogues. Significant inhibition was observed with a few analogues at low micromolar range against HCV replicon in cell culture and a reduction in replicon RNA was confirmed through an RT-qPCR assay. Interestingly, evaluation of analogues as inhibitors of NS5B in a biochemical assay yielded only modest inhibitory activities, suggesting that a different mechanism of action could operate in cell culture.
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Yanvarev DV, Korovina AN, Usanov NN, Kochetkov SN. Non-hydrolysable analogues of inorganic pyrophosphate as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162012020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Industrial production of recombinant therapeutics in Escherichia coli and its recent advancements. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:383-99. [PMID: 22252444 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 30% of currently approved recombinant therapeutic proteins are produced in Escherichia coli. Due to its well-characterized genetics, rapid growth and high-yield production, E. coli has been a preferred choice and a workhorse for expression of non-glycosylated proteins in the biotech industry. There is a wealth of knowledge and comprehensive tools for E. coli systems, such as expression vectors, production strains, protein folding and fermentation technologies, that are well tailored for industrial applications. Advancement of the systems continues to meet the current industry needs, which are best illustrated by the recent drug approval of E. coli produced antibody fragments and Fc-fusion proteins by the FDA. Even more, recent progress in expression of complex proteins such as full-length aglycosylated antibodies, novel strain engineering, bacterial N-glycosylation and cell-free systems further suggests that complex proteins and humanized glycoproteins may be produced in E. coli in large quantities. This review summarizes the current technology used for commercial production of recombinant therapeutics in E. coli and recent advances that can potentially expand the use of this system toward more sophisticated protein therapeutics.
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Chen YL, Tang J, Kesler MJ, Sham YY, Vince R, Geraghty RJ, Wang Z. The design, synthesis and biological evaluations of C-6 or C-7 substituted 2-hydroxyisoquinoline-1,3-diones as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 20:467-79. [PMID: 22100256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C7-Substituted 2-hydroxyisoquinoline-1,3-diones inhibit the strand transfer of HIV integrase (IN) and the reverse-transcriptase-associated ribonuclease H (RNH). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase shares a similar active site fold to RNH and IN, suggesting that N-hydroxyimides could be useful inhibitor scaffolds of HCV via targeting the NS5B. Herein we describe the design, chemical synthesis, replicon and biochemical assays, and molecular docking of C-6 or C-7 aryl substituted 2-hydroxyisoquinoline-1,3-diones as novel HCV inhibitors. The synthesis involved an improved and clean cyclization method, which allowed the convenient preparation of various analogs. Biological studies revealed that the C-6 analogs, a previously unknown chemotype, consistently inhibit both HCV replicon and recombinant NS5B at low micromolar range. Molecular modeling studies suggest that these inhibitors may bind to the NS5B active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Lei Chen
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware St. SE, MMC 204, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Novikov MS, Ivanova ON, Ivanov AV, Ozerov AA, Valuev-Elliston VT, Temburnikar K, Gurskaya GV, Kochetkov SN, Pannecouque C, Balzarini J, Seley-Radtke KL. 1-[2-(2-Benzoyl- and 2-benzylphenoxy)ethyl]uracils as potent anti-HIV-1 agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5794-802. [PMID: 21903401 PMCID: PMC7127633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) are key components in highly active antiretroviral therapy for treating HIV-1. Herein we present the synthesis for a series of N1-alkylated uracil derivatives bearing ω-(2-benzyl- and 2-benzoylphenoxy)alkyl substituents as novel NNRTIs. These compounds displayed anti-HIV activity similar to that of nevirapine and several of them exhibited activity against the K103N/Y181C RT mutant HIV-1 strain. Further evaluation revealed that the inhibitors were active against most nevirapine-resistant mono- and di-substituted RTs with the exception of the V106A RT. Thus, the candidate compounds can be regarded as potential lead compounds against the wild-type virus and drug-resistant forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Novikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Paversushikh Bortsov Sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
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Mukovnya AV, Komissarov VV, Kritsyn AM, Mitkevich VA, Tunitskaya VL, Kochetkov SN. Interactions between the hepatitis C virus protein NS3 and polymethylene derivatives of nucleic bases. Mol Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893310060105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Ivanov MA, Liudva GS, Mukovnia AV, Kochetkov SN, Tunitskaia VL, Aleksnadrova LA. [Synthesis and biological properties of pyrimidine 4'-fluoro nucleosides and 4'-fluoro uridine 5'-O-triphospate]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010; 36:526-34. [PMID: 20823921 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162010040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
4'- Fluoro-2',3'-O-isopropylidenecytidine was synthesized via interaction of 5'-O-acetyl-4'-fluoro-2',3'-O-isopropylideneuridine with triazole and 4-chlorophenyl dichlorophosphate followed by ammonolysis. Treatment of 5'-O-acetyl-4'-fluoro-2',3'-O-isopropylidenecytidine with hydroxylamine resulted in 5'-O-acetyl-4'-fluoro-2',3'-O-isopropylidene-N(4)-hydroxycytidine. Subsequent removal of 2',3'-O-isopropylidene groups gave 5'-O-acetyl derivatives of 4'-fluorouridine, 4'-fluorocytidine and 4'-fluoro-N(4)-hydroxycytidine. 5'-O-Triphosphate of 4'-fluorouridine was obtained in three steps starting from 4'-fluoro-2',3'-O-isopropylideneuridine. The 4'-fluoro uridine 5'-O-triphospate was found to be an effective inhibitor of HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, substrate for NTPase reaction, catalyzed by protein NS3 HCV (a rate of the analogue hydrolysis was similar to that of ATP) and an activator for helicase reaction (with an efficacy only three fold lower than that of ATP).
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Lee JC, Tseng CK, Chen KJ, Huang KJ, Lin CK, Lin YT. A cell-based reporter assay for inhibitor screening of hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Anal Biochem 2010; 403:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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Ryu K, Kim KH, Yoo SY, Lee EY, Lim KH, Min MK, Kim H, Choi SI, Seong BL. Production and characterization of active hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 71:147-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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42
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Starodubova E, Boberg A, Ivanov A, Latyshev O, Petrakova N, Kuzmenko Y, Litvina M, Chernousov A, Kochetkov S, Karpov V, Wahren B, Isaguliants MG. Potent cross-reactive immune response against the wild-type and drug-resistant forms of HIV reverse transcriptase after the chimeric gene immunization. Vaccine 2010; 28:1975-86. [PMID: 20188253 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) can be considered as a target and an instrument of immunotherapy aimed at limiting the emergence and spread of drug-resistant HIV. The chimeric genes coding for the wild-type and multi-drug-resistant RT (RT1.14) fused to lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) were injected intramuscularly into BALB/c mice. The immune response was assessed by ELISpot, cytokine ELISA intracellular IFN-gamma staining, and antibody ELISA. The genes for RT- and RT1.14-LAMP fusions (RT-LAMP and RT1.14-LAMP) were immunogenic generating a mixed Th1/Th2-profile of immune response, while the wild-type RT gene induced only weak immune response. Specific secretion of Th1-cytokines increased with increasing level of RT modification: RT
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Starodubova
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Nobelsvägen 18, 17182 Stockholm, Sweden.
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43
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Kozlov MV, Polyakov KM, Filippova SE, Evstifeev VV, Lyudva GS, Kochetkov SN. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of hepatitis C virus: Study on inhibition by α,γ-diketo acid derivatives. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 74:834-41. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909080033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Ivanov AV, Tunitskaya VL, Ivanova ON, Mitkevich VA, Prassolov VS, Makarov AA, Kukhanova MK, Kochetkov SN. Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein modulates template selection by the RNA polymerase in in vitro system. FEBS Lett 2008; 583:277-80. [PMID: 19073181 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A phosphoprotein is a component of virus replicase. Here we demonstrate that in vitro unphosphorylated NS5A protein inhibits HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity in polyA-oligoU system but has little effect on synthesis of viral RNA. The phosphorylated casein kinase (CK) II NS5A protein causes the opposite effect on RdRp in each of these systems. The phosphorylation of NS5A protein with CKII does not affect its affinity to the HCV RdRp and RNA. The NS5A phosphorylation with CKI does not change the RdRp activity. Herein we report evidence that the NS5A prevents template binding to the RdRp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov street, 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Ivanov MA, Ivanov AV, Krasnitskaya IA, Smirnova OA, Karpenko IL, Belanov EF, Prasolov VS, Tunitskaya VL, Alexandrova LA. New furano- and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleosides and their 5′-O-triphosphates: Synthesis and biological properties. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2008; 34:661-70. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162008050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Mukovnya AV, Tunitskaya VL, Khandazhinskaya AL, Golubeva NA, Zakirova NF, Ivanov AV, Kukhanova MK, Kochetkov SN. Hepatitis C virus helicase/NTPase: an efficient expression system and new inhibitors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:660-8. [PMID: 18620531 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed for obtaining a full-length protein NS3 of hepatitis C virus with the yield of 6.5 mg/liter of cell culture, and conditions for measuring its NTPase and helicase activities have been optimized. The helicase reaction can proceed in two modes depending on the enzyme and substrate concentration ratio: it can be non-catalytic in the case of enzyme excess and catalytic in the case of tenfold substrate excess. In the latter case, helicase activity is coupled with NTPase and is stimulated by ATP. A number of NTP and inorganic pyrophosphate analogs were studied as substrates and/or inhibitors of NS3 NTPase activity, and it was found that the structure of nucleic base and ribose fragment of NTP molecule has a slight effect on its inhibitory (substrate) properties. Among the nucleotide derivatives, the most efficient inhibitor of NTPase activity is 2 -deoxythymidine 5 -phosphoryl-beta,gamma-hypophosphate, and among pyrophosphate analogs imidodiphosphate exhibited maximal inhibitory activity. These compounds were studied as inhibitors of the helicase reaction, and it was shown that imidodiphosphate efficiently inhibited the ATP-dependent helicase reaction and had almost no effect on the ATP-independent duplex unwinding. However, the inhibitory effect of 2 -deoxythymidine 5 -phosphoryl-beta,gamma-hypophosphate was insignificant in both cases, which is due to the possibility of helicase activation by this ATP analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Mukovnya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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47
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Huang CJ, Chen RH, Vannelli T, Lee F, Ritter E, Ritter G, Old LJ, Batt CA. Expression and purification of the cancer antigen SSX2: a potential cancer vaccine. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 56:212-9. [PMID: 17931884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
SSX2 is a cancer testis antigen expressed in a wide variety of cancers, including synovial sarcoma and melanoma. It holds promise as a potential antigen for cancer immunotherapy. A process for the production of recombinant SSX2 was developed by overexpressing a His-tagged fusion protein of SSX2 in Escherichia coli C41 (DE3). A T-7 promoter system was employed and a plasmid was introduced into the strain to compensate for rare codons in the SSX2 sequence. The production of SSX2 was scaled up to a 2-L fermentation that was operated under fed-batch conditions to improve productivity. After 32h cultivation, the wet cell mass reached 260mg/ml, with SSX2 produced mainly as inclusion bodies at a concentration of 1.1g/L. Urea-solubilized SSX2 was purified by nickel affinity, ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The recovery of SSX2 was 20%, and over 87% purity was obtained with an endotoxin level of 0.11EU/microg. The purified recombinant SSX2 was characterized by ELISA and was shown to be recognized by human sera that have been reported to carry anti-SSX2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jr Huang
- Graduate Field of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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48
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Spencer KA, Osorio FA, Hiscox JA. Recombinant viral proteins for use in diagnostic ELISAs to detect virus infection. Vaccine 2007; 25:5653-9. [PMID: 17478017 PMCID: PMC7130988 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ELISAs provide a valuable tool in the detection and diagnosis of virus infection. The ability to produce recombinant viral proteins will ensure that future ELISAs are safe, specific and rapid. This latter point being the most crucial advantage in that even if a virus cannot be cultured, provided gene sequence is available, it is possible to rapidly respond to emerging viruses and new viral strains of existing pathogens. Indeed, ELISAs based on peptides (corresponding to epitopes) also hold great promise, as in this case no cloning or expression of a recombinant protein is required. Both recombinant protein and peptide based systems lend themselves to large scale production and purification. These approaches can also be used to distinguish recombinant vaccines from parental or wild type viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly-Anne Spencer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
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