1
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Fogeron ML, Callon M, Lecoq L, Böckmann A. Cell-Free Synthesis of Bunyavirales Proteins in View of Their Structural Characterization by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2824:105-120. [PMID: 39039409 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3926-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The Rift Valley fever virus is one of the bunyaviruses on the WHO's priority list of pathogens that may cause future pandemics. A better understanding of disease progression and viral pathogenesis is urgently needed to develop treatments. The non-structural proteins NSs and NSm of human pathogenic bunyaviruses represent promising therapeutic targets, as they are often key virulence factors. However, their function is still poorly understood, and their structure is yet unknown, mainly because no successful production of these highly complex proteins has been reported. Here we propose a powerful combination of wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis and NMR to study the structure of these proteins and in particular detail cell-free synthesis and lipid reconstitution methods that can be applied to complex membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Fogeron
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), UMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | - Anja Böckmann
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), UMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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2
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Kleinheinz D, D’Onofrio C, Carraher C, Bozdogan A, Ramach U, Schuster B, Geiß M, Valtiner M, Knoll W, Andersson J. Activity of Single Insect Olfactory Receptors Triggered by Airborne Compounds Recorded in Self-Assembled Tethered Lipid Bilayer Nanoarchitectures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46655-46667. [PMID: 37753951 PMCID: PMC10571041 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are among the most difficult to study as they are embedded in the cellular membrane, a complex and fragile environment with limited experimental accessibility. To study membrane proteins outside of these environments, model systems are required that replicate the fundamental properties of the cellular membrane without its complexity. We show here a self-assembled lipid bilayer nanoarchitecture on a solid support that is stable for several days at room temperature and allows the measurement of insect olfactory receptors at the single-channel level. Using an odorant binding protein, we capture airborne ligands and transfer them to an olfactory receptor from Drosophila melanogaster (OR22a) complex embedded in the lipid membrane, reproducing the complete olfaction process in which a ligand is captured from air and transported across an aqueous reservoir by an odorant binding protein and finally triggers a ligand-gated ion channel embedded in a lipid bilayer, providing direct evidence for ligand capture and olfactory receptor triggering facilitated by odorant binding proteins. This model system presents a significantly more user-friendly and robust platform to exploit the extraordinary sensitivity of insect olfaction for biosensing. At the same time, the platform offers a new opportunity for label-free studies of the olfactory signaling pathways of insects, which still have many unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kleinheinz
- Austrian
Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Chiara D’Onofrio
- Austrian
Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Colm Carraher
- The
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, 120 Mount Albert Road, Sandringham, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Anil Bozdogan
- Austrian
Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Ulrich Ramach
- Technische
Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10/134, Wien 1040, Austria
- CEST
Kompetenzzentrum für Oberflächentechnologie, Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Bernhard Schuster
- Department
of Bionanosciences, Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), Muthgasse 11, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Manuela Geiß
- Software
Competence Center Hagenberg GmbH, Softwarepark 32a, Hagenberg 4232, Austria
| | - Markus Valtiner
- Technische
Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10/134, Wien 1040, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Austrian
Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, Vienna 1210, Austria
- Danube
Private University, Steiner
Landstraße 124, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Jakob Andersson
- Austrian
Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, Vienna 1210, Austria
- Technische
Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10/134, Wien 1040, Austria
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3
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Cheema JA, Carraher C, Plank NOV, Travas-Sejdic J, Kralicek A. Insect odorant receptor-based biosensors: Current status and prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107840. [PMID: 34606949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Whilst the senses of vision and hearing have been successfully automated and miniaturized in portable formats (e.g. smart phone), this is yet to be achieved with the sense of smell. This is because the sensing challenge is not trivial as it involves navigating a chemosensory space comprising thousands of volatile organic compounds. Distinct aroma recognition is based on detecting unique combinations of volatile organic compounds. In natural olfactory systems this is accomplished by employing odorant receptors (ORs) with varying specificities, together with combinatorial neural coding mechanisms. Attempts to mimic the remarkable sensitivity and accuracy of natural olfactory systems has therefore been challenging. Current portable chemical sensors for odorant detection are neither sensitive nor selective, prompting research exploring artificial olfactory devices that use natural OR proteins for sensing. Much research activity to develop OR based biosensors has concentrated on mammalian ORs, however, insect ORs have not been explored as extensively. Insects possess an extraordinary sense of smell due to a repertoire of odorant receptors evolved to interpret olfactory cues vital to the insects' survival. The potential of insect ORs as sensing elements is only now being unlocked through recent research efforts to understand their structure, ligand binding mechanisms and development of odorant biosensors. Like their mammalian counterparts, there are many challenges with working with insect ORs. These include expression, purification and presentation of the insect OR in a stable display format compatible with an effective transduction methodology while maintaining OR structure and function. Despite these challenges, significant progress has been demonstrated in developing OR-based biosensors which exploit insect ORs in cells, lipid bilayers, liposomes and nanodisc formats. Ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of volatile organic compounds has been validated by coupling these insect OR display formats with transduction methodologies spanning optical (fluorescence) and electrical (field effect transistors, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) techniques. This review summarizes the current status of insect OR based biosensors and their future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ahmed Cheema
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Colm Carraher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Natalie O V Plank
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew Kralicek
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Scentian Bio Limited, 1c Goring Road, Sandringham, Auckland 1025, New Zealand.
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4
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Fogeron ML, Lecoq L, Cole L, Harbers M, Böckmann A. Easy Synthesis of Complex Biomolecular Assemblies: Wheat Germ Cell-Free Protein Expression in Structural Biology. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:639587. [PMID: 33842544 PMCID: PMC8027086 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.639587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems are gaining more importance as universal tools for basic research, applied sciences, and product development with new technologies emerging for their application. Huge progress was made in the field of synthetic biology using CFPS to develop new proteins for technical applications and therapy. Out of the available CFPS systems, wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis (WG-CFPS) merges the highest yields with the use of a eukaryotic ribosome, making it an excellent approach for the synthesis of complex eukaryotic proteins including, for example, protein complexes and membrane proteins. Separating the translation reaction from other cellular processes, CFPS offers a flexible means to adapt translation reactions to protein needs. There is a large demand for such potent, easy-to-use, rapid protein expression systems, which are optimally serving protein requirements to drive biochemical and structural biology research. We summarize here a general workflow for a wheat germ system providing examples from the literature, as well as applications used for our own studies in structural biology. With this review, we want to highlight the tremendous potential of the rapidly evolving and highly versatile CFPS systems, making them more widely used as common tools to recombinantly prepare particularly challenging recombinant eukaryotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Fogeron
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lauriane Lecoq
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Cole
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Matthias Harbers
- CellFree Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anja Böckmann
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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5
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Li J, Liu X, Man Y, Chen Q, Pei D, Wu W. Cell-free expression, purification and characterization of Drosophila melanogaster odorant receptor OR42a and its co-receptor. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 159:27-33. [PMID: 30872132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (OR), a group of classic membrane proteins, plays a vital role in insect reproduction and acclimatization. Deciphering the molecular mechanism of insect olfaction could enhance pest control and environmental protection. Studies on ORs have faced a major bottleneck due to the notoriously strong hydrophobicity of ORs, which results in difficult expression in heterologous cell systems. Here, we demonstrated that insect ORs could be functionally produced using the E. coli cell-free protein synthesis system (CFPS), in which the highest yield of total ORs is 350 μg per 1 ml reaction. We tested the effects of detergent types and concentrations on soluble expression of ORs. The ORs showed a classic α-helical infrared spectrum. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to demonstrate that ORs fold correctly and respond to their ligands. This is the first report that insect OR42a could be functionally produced in vitro. This approach may facilitate the development of biomimetic olfactory biosensors and may also be utilized for drug positioning and development, environmental protection and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Li
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xingping Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yahui Man
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Di Pei
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjian Wu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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6
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Murugathas T, Zheng HY, Colbert D, Kralicek AV, Carraher C, Plank NOV. Biosensing with Insect Odorant Receptor Nanodiscs and Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9530-9538. [PMID: 30740970 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Insect odorant receptors have been reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs and tethered to carbon nanotube field-effect transistors to function as a biosensor. Here, four different insect odorant receptors (ORs) from Drosophila melanogaster (DmelOR10a, DmelOR22a, DmelOR35a, and DmelOR71a) were expressed in Sf9 cells, purified, and reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs. We have demonstrated that each of these ORs produce a selective and highly sensitive electrical response to their respective positive ligands, methyl salicylate, methyl hexanoate, trans-2-hexen-1-al, and 4-ethylguaiacol, with limits of detection in the low femtomolar range. No detection was observed for each OR against control ligands, and empty nanodiscs showed no specific sensor signal for any of the odorant molecules. Our results are the first evidence that insect ORs can be integrated into lipid nanodiscs and used as primary sensing elements for bioelectronic nose technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanihaichelvan Murugathas
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6021 , New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6021 , New Zealand
- Department of Physics , University of Jaffna , Jaffna 40000 , Sri Lanka
| | - Han Yue Zheng
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6021 , New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6021 , New Zealand
| | - Damon Colbert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Andrew V Kralicek
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Colm Carraher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Natalie O V Plank
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6021 , New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6021 , New Zealand
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7
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Khadka R, Aydemir N, Carraher C, Hamiaux C, Colbert D, Cheema J, Malmström J, Kralicek A, Travas-Sejdic J. An ultrasensitive electrochemical impedance-based biosensor using insect odorant receptors to detect odorants. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:207-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Khadka R, Aydemir N, Carraher C, Hamiaux C, Baek P, Cheema J, Kralicek A, Travas‐Sejdic J. Investigating Electrochemical Stability and Reliability of Gold Electrode‐electrolyte Systems to Develop Bioelectronic Nose Using Insect Olfactory Receptor. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Khadka
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Nihan Aydemir
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Colm Carraher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Private Bag 92169 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Cyril Hamiaux
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Private Bag 92169 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Paul Baek
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Jamal Cheema
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Andrew Kralicek
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Private Bag 92169 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas‐Sejdic
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
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9
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Novikova IV, Sharma N, Moser T, Sontag R, Liu Y, Collazo MJ, Cascio D, Shokuhfar T, Hellmann H, Knoblauch M, Evans JE. Protein structural biology using cell-free platform from wheat germ. ADVANCED STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL IMAGING 2018; 4:13. [PMID: 30524935 PMCID: PMC6244559 DOI: 10.1186/s40679-018-0062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the biggest bottlenecks for structural analysis of proteins remains the creation of high-yield and high-purity samples of the target protein. Cell-free protein synthesis technologies are powerful and customizable platforms for obtaining functional proteins of interest in short timeframes, while avoiding potential toxicity issues and permitting high-throughput screening. These methods have benefited many areas of genomic and proteomics research, therapeutics, vaccine development and protein chip constructions. In this work, we demonstrate a versatile and multiscale eukaryotic wheat germ cell-free protein expression pipeline to generate functional proteins of different sizes from multiple host organism and DNA source origins. We also report on a robust purification procedure, which can produce highly pure (> 98%) proteins with no specialized equipment required and minimal time invested. This pipeline successfully produced and analyzed proteins in all three major geometry formats used for structural biology including single particle analysis with electron microscopy, and both two-dimensional and three-dimensional protein crystallography. The flexibility of the wheat germ system in combination with the multiscale pipeline described here provides a new workflow for rapid production and purification of samples that may not be amenable to other recombinant approaches for structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Novikova
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Noopur Sharma
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Trevor Moser
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Ryan Sontag
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Michael J. Collazo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
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10
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Khadka R, Aydemir N, Carraher C, Hamiaux C, Colbert D, Cheema J, Malmström J, Kralicek A, Travas-Sejdic J. Data on preparation and characterization of an insect odorant receptor based biosensor. Data Brief 2018; 21:2142-2148. [PMID: 30533465 PMCID: PMC6265521 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect Odorant receptors (OrXs) can be used as the recognition element in a biosensor as they demonstrate high levels of sensitivity and selectivity towards volatile organic compounds. Herein, we describe a method to express and purify insect odorant receptors and reconstitute them into artificial lipid bilayers (liposomes). These OrX/liposomes were covalently attached to a gold surface and characterized using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The interaction of OrX/liposomes immobilized on a gold surface to positive and negative odorants were studied by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and QCM-D. The data presented in this article are related to the research article titled "An ultrasensitive electrochemical impedance-based biosensor using insect odorant receptors to detect odorants" [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Khadka
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Nihan Aydemir
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Colm Carraher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Cyril Hamiaux
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Damon Colbert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jamal Cheema
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmström
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Kralicek
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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11
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Yu KE, Kim DH, Kim YI, Jones WD, Lee JE. Mass Spectrometry-Based Screening Platform Reveals Orco Interactome in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cells 2018; 41:150-159. [PMID: 29429152 PMCID: PMC5824025 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals use their odorant receptors to receive chemical information from the environment. Insect odorant receptors differ from the G protein-coupled odorant receptors in vertebrates and nematodes, and very little is known about their protein-protein interactions. Here, we introduce a mass spectrometric platform designed for the large-scale analysis of insect odorant receptor protein-protein interactions. Using this platform, we obtained the first Orco interactome from Drosophila melanogaster. From a total of 1,186 identified proteins, we narrowed the interaction candidates to 226, of which only two-thirds have been named. These candidates include the known olfactory proteins Or92a and Obp51a. Around 90% of the proteins having published names likely function inside the cell, and nearly half of these intracellular proteins are associated with the endomembrane system. In a basic loss-of-function electrophysiological screen, we found that the disruption of eight (i.e., Rab5, CG32795, Mpcp, Tom70, Vir-1, CG30427, Eaat1, and CG2781) of 28 randomly selected candidates affects olfactory responses in vivo. Thus, because this Orco interactome includes physiologically meaningful candidates, we anticipate that our platform will help guide further research on the molecular mechanisms of the insect odorant receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Do-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Yong-In Kim
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Walton D. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - J. Eugene Lee
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
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12
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Cho J, Lim SI, Yang BS, Hahn YS, Kwon I. Generation of therapeutic protein variants with the human serum albumin binding capacity via site-specific fatty acid conjugation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18041. [PMID: 29269881 PMCID: PMC5740134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Extension of the serum half-life is an important issue in developing new therapeutic proteins and expanding applications of existing therapeutic proteins. Conjugation of fatty acid, a natural human serum albumin ligand, to a therapeutic protein/peptide was developed as a technique to extend the serum half-life in vivo by taking advantages of unusually long serum half-life of human serum albumin (HSA). However, for broad applications of fatty acid-conjugation, several issues should be addressed, including a poor solubility of fatty acid and a substantial loss in the therapeutic activity. Therefore, herein we systematically investigate the conditions and components in conjugation of fatty acid to a therapeutic protein resulting in the HSA binding capacity without compromising therapeutic activities. By examining the crystal structure and performing dye conjugation assay, two sites (W160 and D112) of urate oxidase (Uox), a model therapeutic protein, were selected as sites for fatty acid-conjugation. Combination of site-specific incorporation of a clickable p-azido-L-phenylalanine to Uox and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition allowed the conjugation of fatty acid (palmitic acid analog) to Uox with the HSA binding capacity and retained enzyme activity. Deoxycholic acid, a strong detergent, greatly enhanced the conjugation yield likely due to the enhanced solubility of palmitic acid analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Virginia, VA, 22904, United States
| | - Byung Seop Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young S Hahn
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Virginia, VA, 22904, United States
| | - Inchan Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Virginia, VA, 22904, United States.
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13
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Fogeron ML, Badillo A, Penin F, Böckmann A. Wheat Germ Cell-Free Overexpression for the Production of Membrane Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1635:91-108. [PMID: 28755365 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7151-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to their hydrophobic nature, membrane proteins are notoriously difficult to express in classical cell-based protein expression systems. Often toxic, they also undergo degradation in cells or aggregate in inclusion bodies, making delicate issues further solubilization and renaturation. These are major bottlenecks in their structural and functional analysis. The wheat germ cell-free (WGE-CF) system offers an effective alternative not only to classical cell-based protein expression systems but also to other cell-free systems for the expression of membrane proteins. The WGE-CF indeed allows the production of milligram amounts of membrane proteins in a detergent-solubilized, homogenous, and active form. Here, we describe the method to produce a viral integral membrane protein, which is the non-structural protein 2 (NS2) of hepatitis C virus, in view of structural studies by solid-state NMR in a native-like lipid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Fogeron
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Badillo
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - François Penin
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Anja Böckmann
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69007, Lyon, France.
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14
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Requena P, Rui E, Padilla N, Martínez-Espinosa FE, Castellanos ME, Bôtto-Menezes C, Malheiro A, Arévalo-Herrera M, Kochar S, Kochar SK, Kochar DK, Umbers AJ, Ome-Kaius M, Wangnapi R, Hans D, Menegon M, Mateo F, Sanz S, Desai M, Mayor A, Chitnis CC, Bardají A, Mueller I, Rogerson S, Severini C, Fernández-Becerra C, Menéndez C, del Portillo H, Dobaño C. Plasmodium vivax VIR Proteins Are Targets of Naturally-Acquired Antibody and T Cell Immune Responses to Malaria in Pregnant Women. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005009. [PMID: 27711158 PMCID: PMC5053494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
P. vivax infection during pregnancy has been associated with poor outcomes such as anemia, low birth weight and congenital malaria, thus representing an important global health problem. However, no vaccine is currently available for its prevention. Vir genes were the first putative virulent factors associated with P. vivax infections, yet very few studies have examined their potential role as targets of immunity. We investigated the immunogenic properties of five VIR proteins and two long synthetic peptides containing conserved VIR sequences (PvLP1 and PvLP2) in the context of the PregVax cohort study including women from five malaria endemic countries: Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, India and Papua New Guinea (PNG) at different timepoints during and after pregnancy. Antibody responses against all antigens were detected in all populations, with PNG women presenting the highest levels overall. P. vivax infection at sample collection time was positively associated with antibody levels against PvLP1 (fold-increase: 1.60 at recruitment -first antenatal visit-) and PvLP2 (fold-increase: 1.63 at delivery), and P. falciparum co-infection was found to increase those responses (for PvLP1 at recruitment, fold-increase: 2.25). Levels of IgG against two VIR proteins at delivery were associated with higher birth weight (27 g increase per duplicating antibody levels, p<0.05). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PNG uninfected pregnant women had significantly higher antigen-specific IFN-γ TH1 responses (p=0.006) and secreted less pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6 after PvLP2 stimulation than P. vivax-infected women (p<0.05). These data demonstrate that VIR antigens induce the natural acquisition of antibody and T cell memory responses that might be important in immunity to P. vivax during pregnancy in very diverse geographical settings. Naturally-acquired antibody responses to novel recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides based on sequences from P. vivax VIR antigens were evaluated in women from five distinct geographical regions endemic for malaria, during and after pregnancy. Levels of IgG to VIR antigens were indicative of cumulative malaria exposure and increased with current P. vivax infection and P. falciparum co-infection. Antibody data were consistent with levels of malaria endemicity and current prevalence in the diverse geographical areas studied. In addition, the magnitude of IgG response to two VIR antigens at delivery was associated with higher birth weight. Furthermore, T cell responses to VIR antigens were naturally induced and their magnitude varied according to P. vivax infectious status. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from uninfected pregnant women from a highly endemic area produced higher TH1 (IFN-γ) and lower pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF and IL-6) upon stimulation with a long synthetic peptide representing conserved globular domains of VIR antigens than P. vivax-infected women. Data suggest that further investigation on these antigens as potential targets of immunity in naturally-exposed individuals is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Requena
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edmilson Rui
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Padilla
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Flor E. Martínez-Espinosa
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD/Fiocruz Amazonia), Brazil
| | | | - Camila Bôtto-Menezes
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Swati Kochar
- Department of Medicine, Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjay K. Kochar
- Department of Medicine, Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | - Maria Ome-Kaius
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Regina Wangnapi
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Dhiraj Hans
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Delhi, India
| | - Michela Menegon
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Mateo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sanz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meghna Desai
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chetan C. Chitnis
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Delhi, India
| | - Azucena Bardají
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo Mueller
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stephen Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carlo Severini
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Fernández-Becerra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Menéndez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hernando del Portillo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (HdP); (CD)
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (HdP); (CD)
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15
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Getahun MN, Thoma M, Lavista-Llanos S, Keesey I, Fandino RA, Knaden M, Wicher D, Olsson SB, Hansson BS. Intracellular regulation of the insect chemoreceptor complex impacts odour localization in flying insects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:3428-3438. [PMID: 27591307 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.143396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Flying insects are well known for airborne odour tracking and have evolved diverse chemoreceptors. While ionotropic receptors (IRs) are found across protostomes, insect odorant receptors (ORs) have only been identified in winged insects. We therefore hypothesized that the unique signal transduction of ORs offers an advantage for odour localization in flight. Using Drosophila, we found expression and increased activity of the intracellular signalling protein PKC in antennal sensilla following odour stimulation. Odour stimulation also enhanced phosphorylation of the OR co-receptor Orco in vitro, while site-directed mutation of Orco or mutations in PKC subtypes reduced the sensitivity and dynamic range of OR-expressing neurons in vivo, but not IR-expressing neurons. We ultimately show that these mutations reduce competence for odour localization of flies in flight. We conclude that intracellular regulation of OR sensitivity is necessary for efficient odour localization, which suggests a mechanistic advantage for the evolution of the OR complex in flying insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merid N Getahun
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Michael Thoma
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Sofia Lavista-Llanos
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Ian Keesey
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Richard A Fandino
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Markus Knaden
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Dieter Wicher
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Shannon B Olsson
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
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16
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Carraher C, Dalziel J, Jordan MD, Christie DL, Newcomb RD, Kralicek AV. Towards an understanding of the structural basis for insect olfaction by odorant receptors. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 66:31-41. [PMID: 26416146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Insects have co-opted a unique family of seven transmembrane proteins for odour sensing. Odorant receptors are believed to have evolved from gustatory receptors somewhere at the base of the Hexapoda and have expanded substantially to become the dominant class of odour recognition elements within the Insecta. These odorant receptors comprise an obligate co-receptor, Orco, and one of a family of highly divergent odorant "tuning" receptors. The two subunits are thought to come together at some as-yet unknown stoichiometry to form a functional complex that is capable of both ionotropic and metabotropic signalling. While there are still no 3D structures for these proteins, site-directed mutagenesis, resonance energy transfer, and structural modelling efforts, all mainly on Drosophila odorant receptors, are beginning to inform hypotheses of their structures and how such complexes function in odour detection. Some of the loops, especially the second extracellular loop that has been suggested to form a lid over the binding pocket, and the extracellular regions of some transmembrane helices, especially the third and to a less extent the sixth and seventh, have been implicated in ligand recognition in tuning receptors. The possible interaction between Orco and tuning receptor subunits through the final intracellular loop and the adjacent transmembrane helices is thought to be important for transducing ligand binding into receptor activation. Potential phosphorylation sites and a calmodulin binding site in the second intracellular loop of Orco are also thought to be involved in regulating channel gating. A number of new methods have recently been developed to express and purify insect odorant receptor subunits in recombinant expression systems. These approaches are enabling high throughput screening of receptors for agonists and antagonists in cell-based formats, as well as producing protein for the application of biophysical methods to resolve the 3D structure of the subunits and their complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm Carraher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Julie Dalziel
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Melissa D Jordan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David L Christie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Newcomb
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew V Kralicek
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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17
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Tegler LT, Corin K, Hillger J, Wassie B, Yu Y, Zhang S. Cell-free expression, purification, and ligand-binding analysis of Drosophila melanogaster olfactory receptors DmOR67a, DmOR85b and DmORCO. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7867. [PMID: 25597985 PMCID: PMC4297953 DOI: 10.1038/srep07867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects transmit numerous devastating diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, and sleeping sickness. Olfactory cues guide insects to their hosts, and are thus responsible for disease transmission. Understanding the molecular basis of insect olfaction could facilitate the development of interventions. The first step is to heterologously overexpress and purify insect olfactory receptors (ORs). This is challenging, as ORs are membrane proteins. Here, we show that insect ORs and their co-receptor can be expressed in an E. coli cell-free system. After immunoaffinity chromatography, the ORs are ~95% pure, and up to 1 mg/10 ml reaction is obtained. Circular dichroism together with microscale thermophoresis indicate that each receptor is properly folded, and can bind its respective ligand. This is the first time insect ORs have been expressed in an E. coli system. The methods described here could facilitate future structure-function studies, which may aid in developments to alleviate the suffering of millions caused by insect-transmitted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Tollstoy Tegler
- 1] Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA [2] Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linkoping University, SE-581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Karolina Corin
- 1] Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA [2] Biomedical Engineering Research Group, School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa [3] Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Julia Hillger
- Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
| | - Brooke Wassie
- Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
| | - Yanmei Yu
- 1] Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA [2] College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610065
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
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18
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Amino acid coevolution reveals three-dimensional structure and functional domains of insect odorant receptors. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6077. [PMID: 25584517 PMCID: PMC4364406 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect Odorant Receptors (ORs) comprise an enormous protein family that translates environmental chemical signals into neuronal electrical activity. These heptahelical receptors are proposed to function as ligand-gated ion channels and/or to act metabotropically as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Resolving their signalling mechanism has been hampered by the lack of tertiary structural information and primary sequence similarity to other proteins. We use amino acid evolutionary covariation across these ORs to define restraints on structural proximity of residue pairs, which permit de novo generation of three-dimensional models. The validity of our analysis is supported by the location of functionally important residues in highly constrained regions of the protein. Importantly, insect OR models exhibit a distinct transmembrane domain packing arrangement to that of canonical GPCRs, establishing the structural unrelatedness of these receptor families. The evolutionary couplings and models predict odour binding and ion conduction domains, and provide a template for rationale structure-activity dissection.
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Montagné N, de Fouchier A, Newcomb RD, Jacquin-Joly E. Advances in the identification and characterization of olfactory receptors in insects. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 130:55-80. [PMID: 25623337 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are the key elements of the molecular machinery responsible for the detection of odors in insects. Since their initial discovery in Drosophila melanogaster at the beginning of the twenty-first century, insect ORs have been the focus of intense research, both for fundamental knowledge of sensory systems and for their potential as novel targets for the development of products that could impact harmful behaviors of crop pests and disease vectors. In recent years, studies on insect ORs have entered the genomic era, with an ever-increasing number of OR genes being characterized every year through the sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes. With the upcoming release of genomic sequences from hundreds of insect species, the insect OR family could very well become the largest multigene family known. This extremely rapid identification of ORs in many insects is driving the necessity for the development of high-throughput technologies that will allow the identification of ligands for this unprecedented number of receptors. Moreover, such technologies will also be important for the development of agonists or antagonists that could be used in the fight against pest insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Montagné
- Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Arthur de Fouchier
- Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRA, Versailles, France
| | - Richard D Newcomb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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20
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Meiyalaghan S, Latimer JM, Kralicek AV, Shaw ML, Lewis JG, Conner AJ, Barrell PJ. Expression and purification of the antimicrobial peptide GSL1 in bacteria for raising antibodies. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:777. [PMID: 25367168 PMCID: PMC4228058 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Gibberellin Stimulated-Like (GSL) or Snakin peptides from higher plants are cysteine-rich, with broad spectrum activity against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens. To detect GSL peptides in applications such as western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), specific antibodies that recognise GSL peptides are required. However, the intrinsic antimicrobial activity of these peptides is likely to prevent their expression alone in bacterial or yeast expression systems for subsequent antibody production in animal hosts. Results To overcome this issue we developed an Escherichia coli expression strategy based on the expression of the GSL1 peptide as a His-tagged thioredoxin fusion protein. The DNA sequence for the mature GSL1 peptide from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was cloned into the pET-32a expression vector to produce a construct encoding N-terminally tagged his6-thioredoxin-GSL1. The fusion protein was overexpressed in E. coli to produce soluble non-toxic protein. The GSL1 fusion protein could be easily purified by using affinity chromatography to yield ~1.3 mg of his6-thioredoxin-GSL1 per L of culture. The fusion protein was then injected into rabbits for antibody production. Western blot analysis showed that the antibodies obtained from rabbit sera specifically recognised the GSL1 peptide that had been expressed in a wheat germ cell-free expression system. Conclusion We present here the first report of a GSL1 peptide expressed as a fusion protein with thioredoxin that has resulted in milligram quantities of soluble protein to be produced. We have also demonstrated that a wheat germ system can be used to successfully express small quantities of GSL1 peptide useful as positive control in western blot analysis. To our knowledge this is the first report of antibodies being produced against GSL1 peptide. The antibodies will be useful for analysis of GSL1peptides in western blot, localization by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitation by ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippa J Barrell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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21
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Corcoran JA, Jordan MD, Carraher C, Newcomb RD. A novel method to study insect olfactory receptor function using HEK293 cells. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 54:22-32. [PMID: 25174788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of rapid and reliable assays to characterize insect odorant receptors (ORs) and pheromone receptors (PRs) remains a challenge for the field. Typically ORs and PRs are functionally characterized either in vivo in transgenic Drosophila or in vitro through expression in Xenopus oocytes. While these approaches have succeeded, they are not well suited for high-throughput screening campaigns, primarily due to inherent characteristics that limit their ability to screen large quantities of compounds in a short period of time. The development of a practical, robust and consistent in vitro assay for functional studies on ORs and PRs would allow for high-throughput screening for ligands, as well as for compounds that could be used as novel olfactory-based pest management tools. Here we describe a novel method of utilizing human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) transfected with inducible receptor constructs for the functional characterization of ORs in 96-well plates using a fluorescent spectrophotometer. Using EposOrco and EposOR3 from the pest moth, Epiphyas postvittana as an example, we generated HEK293 cell lines with robust and consistent responses to ligands in functional assays. Single-cell sorting of cell lines by FACS facilitated the selection of isogenic cell lines with maximal responses, and the addition of epitope tags on the N-termini allowed the detection of recombinant proteins in homogenates by western blot and in cells by immunocytochemistry. We thoroughly describe the methods used to generate these OR-expressing cell lines, demonstrating that they have all the necessary features required for use in high-throughput screening platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Corcoran
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Melissa D Jordan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Colm Carraher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Newcomb
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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22
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Fogeron ML, Badillo A, Jirasko V, Gouttenoire J, Paul D, Lancien L, Moradpour D, Bartenschlager R, Meier BH, Penin F, Böckmann A. Wheat germ cell-free expression: Two detergents with a low critical micelle concentration allow for production of soluble HCV membrane proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 105:39-46. [PMID: 25306874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are notoriously difficult to express in a soluble form. Here, we use wheat germ cell-free expression in the presence of various detergents to produce the non-structural membrane proteins 2, 4B and 5A of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). We show that lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol (MNG-3) and dodecyl octaethylene glycol ether (C12E8) detergents can yield essentially soluble membrane proteins at detergent concentrations that do not inhibit the cell-free reaction. This finding can be explained by the low critical micelle concentration (CMC) of these detergents, which keeps the monomer concentrations low while at the same time providing the necessary excess of detergent concentration above CMC required for full target protein solubilization. We estimate that a tenfold excess of detergent micelles with respect to the protein concentration is sufficient for solubilization, a number that we propose as a guideline for detergent screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Fogeron
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Badillo
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France; RD-Biotech, Recombinant Protein Unit, 3 rue Henri Baigue, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Vlastimil Jirasko
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jérôme Gouttenoire
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Paul
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Loick Lancien
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Darius Moradpour
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beat H Meier
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Penin
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France.
| | - Anja Böckmann
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France.
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23
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Mukunda L, Lavista-Llanos S, Hansson BS, Wicher D. Dimerisation of the Drosophila odorant coreceptor Orco. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:261. [PMID: 25221476 PMCID: PMC4147393 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Odorant receptors (ORs) detect volatile molecules and transform this external information into an intracellular signal. Insect ORs are heteromers composed of two seven transmembrane proteins, an odor-specific OrX and a coreceptor (Orco) protein. These ORs form ligand gated cation channels that conduct also calcium. The sensitivity of the ORs is regulated by intracellular signaling cascades. Heterologously expressed Orco proteins form also non-selective cation channels that cannot be activated by odors but by synthetic agonists such as VUAA1. The stoichiometry of OR or Orco channels is unknown. In this study we engineered the simplest oligomeric construct, the Orco dimer (Orco di) and investigated its functional properties. Two Orco proteins were coupled via a 1-transmembrane protein to grant for proper orientation of both parts. The Orco di construct and Orco wild type (Orco wt) proteins were stably expressed in CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells. Their functional properties were investigated and compared by performing calcium imaging and patch clamp experiments. With calcium imaging experiments using allosteric agonist VUAA1 we demonstrate that the Orco di construct—similar to Orco wt—forms functional calcium conducting ion channel. This was supported by patch clamp experiments. The function of Orco di was seen to be modulated by CaM in a similar manner as the function of Orco wt. In addition, Orco di interacts with the OrX protein, Or22a. The properties of this complex are comparable to Or22a/Orco wt couples. Taken together, the properties of the Orco di construct are similar to those of channels formed by Orco wt proteins. Our results are thus compatible with the view that Orco wt channels are dimeric assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Mukunda
- Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena, Germany
| | - Sofia Lavista-Llanos
- Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena, Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Wicher
- Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena, Germany
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24
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Tan BH, Suzuki Y, Takahashi H, Ying PHR, Takahashi C, Han Q, Chin WX, Chao SH, Sawasaki T, Yamamoto N, Suzuki Y. Identification of RFPL3 protein as a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase modulating the integration activity of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 preintegration complex using a microtiter plate-based assay. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26368-26382. [PMID: 25107902 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.561662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration, one of the hallmarks of retrovirus replication, is mediated by a nucleoprotein complex called the preintegration complex (PIC), in which viral DNA is associated with many protein components that are required for completion of the early phase of infection. A striking feature of the PIC is its powerful integration activity in vitro. The PICs from a freshly isolated cytoplasmic extract of infected cells are able to insert viral DNA into exogenously added target DNA in vitro. Therefore, a PIC-based in vitro assay is a reliable system for assessing protein factors influencing retroviral integration. In this study, we applied a microtiter plate-based in vitro assay to a screening study using a protein library that was produced by the wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system. Using a library of human E3 ubiquitin ligases, we identified RFPL3 as a potential stimulator of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) PIC integration activity in vitro. This enhancement of PIC activity by RFPL3 was likely to be attributed to its N-terminal RING domain. To further understand the functional role of RFPL3 in HIV infection, we created a human cell line overexpressing RFPL3. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that RFPL3 was associated with the human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 PICs in infected cells. More importantly, single-round HIV-1 infection was enhanced significantly by RFPL3 expression. Our proteomic approach displays an advantage in the identification of new cellular proteins affecting the integration activity of the PIC and, therefore, contributes to the understanding of functional interaction between retroviral integration complexes and host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng Hui Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yasutsugu Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Hirotaka Takahashi
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Pamela Ho Rui Ying
- Veterinary Bioscience, Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore
| | - Chikako Takahashi
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Qi'En Han
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Wei Xin Chin
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Sheng-Hao Chao
- Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan, and
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02, Singapore 117599, Singapore,.
| | - Youichi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02, Singapore 117599, Singapore,; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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25
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Harbers M. Wheat germ systems for cell-free protein expression. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2762-73. [PMID: 24931374 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free protein expression plays an important role in biochemical research. However, only recent developments led to new methods to rapidly synthesize preparative amounts of protein that make cell-free protein expression an attractive alternative to cell-based methods. In particular the wheat germ system provides the highest translation efficiency among eukaryotic cell-free protein expression approaches and has a very high success rate for the expression of soluble proteins of good quality. As an open in vitro method, the wheat germ system is a preferable choice for many applications in protein research including options for protein labeling and the expression of difficult-to-express proteins like membrane proteins and multiple protein complexes. Here I describe wheat germ cell-free protein expression systems and give examples how they have been used in genome-wide expression studies, preparation of labeled proteins for structural genomics and protein mass spectroscopy, automated protein synthesis, and screening of enzymatic activities. Future directions for the use of cell-free expression methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Harbers
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd., 75-1, Ono-cho, Leading Venture Plaza 201, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0046, Japan.
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26
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Hamada S, Tabuchi M, Toyota T, Sakurai T, Hosoi T, Nomoto T, Nakatani K, Fujinami M, Kanzaki R. Giant vesicles functionally expressing membrane receptors for an insect pheromone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2958-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48216b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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