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Lao T, Farnos O, Bueno A, Alvarez A, Rodríguez E, Palacios J, de la Luz KR, Kamen A, Carpio Y, Estrada MP. Transient Expression in HEK-293 Cells in Suspension Culture as a Rapid and Powerful Tool: SARS-CoV-2 N and Chimeric SARS-CoV-2N-CD154 Proteins as a Case Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3050. [PMID: 38002050 PMCID: PMC10669214 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous work, we proposed a vaccine chimeric antigen based on the fusion of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein to the extracellular domain of the human CD40 ligand (CD154). This vaccine antigen was named N-CD protein and its expression was carried out in HEK-293 stably transfected cells, grown in adherent conditions and serum-supplemented medium. The chimeric protein obtained in these conditions presented a consistent pattern of degradation. The immunization of mice and monkeys with this chimeric protein was able to induce a high N-specific IgG response with only two doses in pre-clinical experiments. In order to explore ways to diminish protein degradation, in the present work, the N and N-CD proteins were produced in suspension cultures and serum-free media following transient transfection of the HEK-293 clone 3F6, at different scales, including stirred-tank controlled bioreactors. The results showed negligible or no degradation of the target proteins. Further, clones stably expressing N-CD were obtained and adapted to suspension culture, obtaining similar results to those observed in the transient expression experiments in HEK-293-3F6. The evidence supports transient protein expression in suspension cultures and serum-free media as a powerful tool to produce in a short period of time high levels of complex proteins susceptible to degradation, such as the SARS-CoV-2 N protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thailin Lao
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Department, Havana 10600, Cuba; (T.L.)
| | - Omar Farnos
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (O.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexi Bueno
- Process Development Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba (J.P.); (K.R.d.l.L.)
| | - Anays Alvarez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Department, Havana 10600, Cuba; (T.L.)
| | - Elsa Rodríguez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Department, Havana 10600, Cuba; (T.L.)
| | - Julio Palacios
- Process Development Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba (J.P.); (K.R.d.l.L.)
| | - Kathya Rashida de la Luz
- Process Development Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba (J.P.); (K.R.d.l.L.)
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (O.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Yamila Carpio
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Department, Havana 10600, Cuba; (T.L.)
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Department, Havana 10600, Cuba; (T.L.)
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2
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Chen C, Wang Z, Sun Z, Li W, Dimitrov DS. Development of an efficient method for selection of stable cell pools for protein expression and surface display with Expi293F cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:355-364. [PMID: 36864545 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Compare with transient expression, stable cell lines generally have higher productivity and better quality for protein expression. However, selection of stable cell line is time-consuming and laborious. Here we describe an optimized selection method to achieve high-efficient stable cell pools with Expi293F suspension cells. This method only takes 2-3 weeks to generate stable cell pools with 2- to 10-fold higher productivity than transient gene expression (TGE). In fed-batch culture with Yeastolate, >1 g/L yield was achieved with our KTN0239-IgG stable cell pool in shaker flasks. This method can be also applied to efficiently display proteins on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zening Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zehua Sun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Gaobotse G, Venkataraman S, Mmereke KM, Moustafa K, Hefferon K, Makhzoum A. Recent Progress on Vaccines Produced in Transgenic Plants. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1861. [PMID: 36366370 PMCID: PMC9698746 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines from plants has been going on for over two decades now. Vaccine production in plants requires time and a lot of effort. Despite global efforts in plant-made vaccine development, there are still challenges that hinder the realization of the final objective of manufacturing approved and safe products. Despite delays in the commercialization of plant-made vaccines, there are some human vaccines that are in clinical trials. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its resultant disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have reminded the global scientific community of the importance of vaccines. Plant-made vaccines could not be more important in tackling such unexpected pandemics as COVID-19. In this review, we explore current progress in the development of vaccines manufactured in transgenic plants for different human diseases over the past 5 years. However, we first explore the different host species and plant expression systems during recombinant protein production, including their shortcomings and benefits. Lastly, we address the optimization of existing plant-dependent vaccine production protocols that are aimed at improving the recovery and purification of these recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goabaone Gaobotse
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Srividhya Venkataraman
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Kamogelo M. Mmereke
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Khaled Moustafa
- The Arabic Preprint Server/Arabic Science Archive (ArabiXiv)
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Abdullah Makhzoum
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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4
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Luly KM, Yang H, Lee SJ, Wang W, Ludwig SD, Tarbox HE, Wilson DR, Green JJ, Spangler JB. Poly(Beta-Amino Ester)s as High-Yield Transfection Reagents for Recombinant Protein Production. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4469-4479. [PMID: 36176585 PMCID: PMC9514136 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Transient transfection is an essential tool for recombinant protein production, as it allows rapid screening for expression without stable integration of genetic material into a target cell genome. Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) is the current gold standard for transient gene transfer, but transfection efficiency and the resulting protein yield are limited by the polymer’s toxicity. This study investigated the use of a class of cationic polymers, poly(beta-amino ester)s (PBAEs), as reagents for transient transfection in comparison to linear 25 kDa PEI, a commonly used transfection reagent. Methods Transfection efficiency and protein production were assessed in human embryonic kidney 293F (HEK) and Chinese hamster ovary-S (CHO) cell suspensions using PBAE-based nanoparticles in comparison to linear 25 kDa PEI. Production of both a cytosolic reporter and secreted antibodies was investigated. Results In both HEK and CHO cells, several PBAEs demonstrated superior transfection efficiency and enhanced production of a cytosolic reporter compared to linear 25 kDa PEI. This result extended to secreted proteins, as a model PBAE increased the production of 3 different secreted antibodies compared to linear 25 kDa PEI at culture scales ranging from 20 to 2000 mL. In particular, non-viral gene transfer using the lead PBAE/plasmid DNA nanoparticle formulation led to robust transfection of mammalian cells across different constructs, doses, volumes, and cell types. Conclusion These results show that PBAEs enhance transfection efficiency and increase protein yield compared to a widespread commercially available reagent, making them attractive candidates as reagents for use in recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Luly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huilin Yang
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Lee
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth D Ludwig
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haley E Tarbox
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David R Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Repeated Transient Transfection: An Alternative for the Recombinant Production of Difficult-to-Express Proteins Like BMP2. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (hBMP2) is routinely used in medical applications as an inducer of osteoformation. The recombinant production of BMP2 is typically performed using stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. However, this process is inefficient, resulting in low product titers. In contrast, transient gene expression (TGE), which also enables the production of recombinant proteins, suffers from short production times and hence limited total product amounts. Here, we show that TGE-based BMP2 production is more efficient in HEKsus than in CHOsus cells. Independently of the cell lines, a bicistronic plasmid co-expressing EGFP and BMP2 facilitated the determination of the transfection efficiency but led to inferior BMP2 titers. Finally, we used a high cell density transient transfection (HCD-TGE) protocol to improve and extend the BMP2 expression by performing four rounds of serial transfections on one pool of HEKsus cells. This repeated transient transfection (RTT) process in HEKsus cells was implemented using EGFP as a reporter gene and further adapted for BMP2 production. The proposed method significantly improves BMP2 production (up to 509 ng/106 cells) by extending the production phase (96–360 h). RTT can be integrated into the seed train and is shown to be compatible with scale-up to the liter range.
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6
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Gouyou B, Grün K, Kerschenmeyer A, Villa A, Matasci M, Schrepper A, Pfeil A, Bäz L, Jung C, Schulze PC, Neri D, Franz M. Therapeutic Evaluation of Antibody-Based Targeted Delivery of Interleukin 9 in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073460. [PMID: 33801620 PMCID: PMC8037792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous disorder associated with poor prognosis. For the majority of patients, only limited therapeutic options are available. Thus, there is great interest to develop novel treatment strategies focusing on pulmonary vascular and right ventricular remodeling. Interleukin 9 (IL9) is a pleiotropic cytokine with pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic activity of F8IL9F8 consisting of IL9 fused to the F8 antibody, specific to the alternatively-spliced EDA domain of fibronectin, which is abundantly expressed in pulmonary vasculature and right ventricular myocardium in PH. Methods: The efficacy of F8IL9F8 in attenuating PH progression in the monocrotaline mouse model was evaluated in comparison to an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) or an IL9 based immunocytokine with irrelevant antibody specificity (KSFIL9KSF). Treatment effects were assessed by right heart catheterization, echocardiography as well as histological and immunohistochemical tissue analyses. Results: Compared to controls, systolic right ventricular pressure (RVPsys) was significantly elevated and a variety of right ventricular echocardiographic parameters were significantly impaired in all MCT-induced PH groups except for the F8IL9F8 group. Both, F8IL9F8 and ERA treatments lead to a significant reduction in RVPsys and an improvement of echocardiographic parameters when compared to the MCT group not observable for the KSFIL9KSF group. Only F8IL9F8 significantly reduced lung tissue damage and displayed a significant decrease of leukocyte and macrophage accumulation in the lungs and right ventricles. Conclusions: Our study provides first pre-clinical evidence for the use of F8IL9F8 as a new therapeutic agent for PH in terms of a disease-modifying concept addressing cardiovascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Gouyou
- Philochem AG, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (B.G.); (A.K.); (A.V.); (M.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Katja Grün
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Univerisity Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Anne Kerschenmeyer
- Philochem AG, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (B.G.); (A.K.); (A.V.); (M.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Alessandra Villa
- Philochem AG, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (B.G.); (A.K.); (A.V.); (M.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Mattia Matasci
- Philochem AG, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (B.G.); (A.K.); (A.V.); (M.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Andrea Schrepper
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Univerisity Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Alexander Pfeil
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Univerisity Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Laura Bäz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Univerisity Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - P. Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Univerisity Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Dario Neri
- Philochem AG, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (B.G.); (A.K.); (A.V.); (M.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Univerisity Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.); (P.C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9324127
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7
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Hacker DL, Ordóñez-Morán P. Large-Scale Production of Recombinant Noggin and R-Spondin1 Proteins Required for the Maintenance of Stem Cells in Intestinal Organoid Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2171:171-184. [PMID: 32705641 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0747-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of the proteins mouse R-Spondin1 (mRSpo1) and mouse Noggin (mNoggin) in a 3D-organoid culture allows for the maintenance of intestinal stem cells. Here, we describe a transient gene expression method for the production of these proteins from human embryo kidney 293 (HEK293) cells cultivated in suspension using orbitally shaken bioreactors. Plasmid DNA was delivered into cells using the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI). The 7-day production cultures were performed in the presence of valproic acid (VPA), an enhancer of recombinant gene expression. Both proteins were secreted from the transfected cells. mRSpo1 was produced as a secreted Fc fusion protein (mRSpo1-Fc) and purified by protein A-based affinity chromatography. mNoggin was produced as a secreted histidine-tagged protein (mNoggin-His) and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). This transient transfection system supports a high production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Hacker
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility (PPSCF), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Paloma Ordóñez-Morán
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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8
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Gouyou B, Ongaro T, Cazzamalli S, De Luca R, Kerschenmeyer A, Valet P, Villa A, Neri D, Matasci M. Antibody-based delivery of interleukin-9 to neovascular structures: Therapeutic evaluation in cancer and arthritis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:940-951. [PMID: 33475433 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220981578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-9 is a cytokine with multiple functions, including the ability to activate group 2 innate lymphoid cells, which has been postulated to be therapeutically active in mouse models of arthritis. Similarly, interleukin-9 has been suggested to play an important role in tumor immunity. Here, we describe the cloning, expression, and characterization of three fusion proteins based on murine interleukin-9 and the F8 antibody, specific to the alternatively spliced EDA domain of fibronectin. EDA is strongly expressed in cancer and in various arthritic conditions, while being undetectable in the majority of healthy organs. Interleukin-9-based fusion proteins with an irrelevant antibody specific to hen egg lysozyme served as negative control in our study. The fusion proteins were characterized by quantitative biodistribution analysis in tumor-bearing mice using radioiodinated protein preparations. The highest tumor uptake and best tumor:organ ratios were observed for a format, in which the interleukin-9 moiety was flanked by two units of the F8 antibody in single-chain Fv format. Biological activity of interleukin-9 was retained when the payload was fused to antibodies. However, the targeted delivery of interleukin-9 to the disease site resulted in a modest anti-tumor activity in three different murine models of cancer (K1735M2, CT26, and F9), while no therapeutic benefit was observed in a collagen induced model of arthritis. Collectively, these results confirm the possibility to deliver interleukin-9 to the site of disease but cast doubts about the alleged therapeutic activity of this cytokine in cancer and arthritis, which has been postulated in previous publications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiziano Ongaro
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, Otelfingen 8112, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Valet
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Cedex 4, Toulouse 31432, France
| | | | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Matasci
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, Otelfingen 8112, Switzerland
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9
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Gouyou B, Millul J, Villa A, Cazzamalli S, Neri D, Matasci M. Sortase-Mediated Site-Specific Modification of Interleukin-2 for the Generation of a Tumor-Targeting Acetazolamide-Cytokine Conjugate. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26077-26083. [PMID: 33073134 PMCID: PMC7558062 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Small ligands specific to tumor-associated antigens can be used as alternatives to antibodies for the delivery of small payloads such as radionuclides, cytotoxic drugs, and fluorophores. Their use as a delivery moiety of bioactive proteins such as cytokines remains largely unexplored. Here, we describe the preparation and in vivo characterization of the first small molecule-cytokine conjugate targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a marker of renal cell carcinoma and hypoxia. Site-specific conjugation between interleukin-2 and acetazolamide was obtained by sortase A-mediated transpeptidation. Binding of the conjugate to the cognate CAIX antigen was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. The in vivo targeting of structures expressing carbonic anhydrase IX was assessed by biodistribution experiments in tumor-bearing mice. Optimization of manufacturability and tumor-targeting performance of acetazolamide-cytokine products will be required in order to enable industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacopo Millul
- Philochem
AG, Libernstrasse 3, 8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dario Neri
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Matasci
- Philochem
AG, Libernstrasse 3, 8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
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10
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Development of a non-viral platform for rapid virus-like particle production in Sf9 cells. J Biotechnol 2020; 322:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Rosini E, De Vito A, Ponti F, Scaldaferri D, Pollegioni L, Acquati F. Expression and purification of the human tumor suppressor protein RNASET2 in CHO–S cells. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 174:105675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Elshereef AA, Jochums A, Lavrentieva A, Stuckenberg L, Scheper T, Solle D. High cell density transient transfection of CHO cells for TGF-β1 expression. Eng Life Sci 2020; 19:730-740. [PMID: 32624966 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High cell densities for transient transfection with polyethyleneimine (PEI) can be used for rapid and maximal production of recombinant proteins. High cell densities can be obtained by different cultivation systems, such as batch or perfusion systems. Herein, densities up to 18 million cells/mL were obtained by centrifugation for transfection evaluation. PEI transfection efficiency was easily determined by transfected enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) reporter plasmid DNA (pDNA). A linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and transfection efficiency was improved. The transfection efficiency of PEI was highly dependent on the transfection conditions and directly related to the level of recombinant protein. Several factors were required to optimize the transient transfection process; these factors included the media type (which is compatible with low or high cell density transfection), the preculture CHO-K1 suspension cell density, and the pDNA to PEI level. Based on design of experiment (DoE) analyses, the optimal transfection conditions for 10 × 106 cells/mL in the CHOMACS CD medium achieved 73% transfection efficiency and a cell viability of over 80%. These results were confirmed for the production of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in a shake flask. The purified TGF-β1 protein concentration from 60 mL supernatant was 27 µg/mL, and the protein was biologically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla A Elshereef
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany.,Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division National Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - André Jochums
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Lena Stuckenberg
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Dörte Solle
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
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13
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Abstract
The advent of biologic therapies, particularly antibody therapeutics, has revolutionized the pharmacological treatment of many rheumatic diseases. Antibody discovery began with the immunization of mice for the production of rodent immunoglobulins, but advances in protein and genetic engineering have now made it possible to generate fully human antibodies, which are better tolerated by patients. For most clinical applications in rheumatology, antibodies have been used as blocking agents capable of neutralizing the function of pro-inflammatory proteins, such as TNF. The latest strategies involve antibody products armed with effector moieties, such as anti-inflammatory drugs or cytokines, or antibody products that are specific for multiple targets for the selective inhibition of inflammation at sites of disease. Antibodies are some of the best-selling drugs in the world, and with further advances in antibody development, engineering of armed antibodies and bispecific products will have an important role in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.
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14
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Design and characterisation of a novel interleukin-15 receptor alpha fusion protein and analysis of interleukin-15 complexation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219313. [PMID: 31348785 PMCID: PMC6660064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL15) is one of the most important cytokines currently being considered for cancer therapy applications. It is thought that by administering IL15 in complex with its cognate receptor alpha chain (IL15Rα) its biological activity could be increased manifold. We produced a fusion protein of mouse IL15Rα and the F8 antibody, that targets the alternatively-spliced extra-domain A (EDA) of fibronectin, which is overexpressed in many types of cancer. The fusion protein F8IL15Rα was cloned, expressed and characterized in vitro and its ability to bind to mouse IL15 was assessed with both size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. Furthermore, mouse and human IL15 and their corresponding Fc fused IL15Rα subunits were purchased, characterized and used to compare the capacity of F8IL15Rα to generate complexes. Surprisingly, none of the IL15Rα fusion proteins showed IL15 complexation on SEC. However, on SPR, F8IL15Rα displayed the ability to bind IL15. In a cell-based activity assay none of the IL15Rα fusions were able to increase cellular proliferation in combination with IL15 compared to IL15 alone. A better understanding of the molecular requirements for effective IL15 signalling are likely to be important for the development of IL15-based biopharmaceuticals.
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15
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Arena TA, Chou B, Harms PD, Wong AW. An anti-apoptotic HEK293 cell line provides a robust and high titer platform for transient protein expression in bioreactors. MAbs 2019; 11:977-986. [PMID: 30907238 PMCID: PMC6601552 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1598230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HEK293 transient expression systems are used to quickly generate proteins for research and pre-clinical studies. With the aim of engineering a high-producing host that grows and transfects robustly in bioreactors, we deleted the pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Bak in an HEK293 cell line. The HEK293 Bax Bak double knock-out (HEK293 DKO) cell line exhibited resistance to apoptosis and shear stress. HEK293 DKO cells sourced from 2 L seed train bioreactors were most productive when a pH setpoint of 7.0, a narrow pH deadband of ±0.03, and a DO setpoint of 30% were used. HEK293 DKO seed train cells cultivated for up to 60 days in a 35 L bioreactor showed similar productivities to cells cultivated in shake flasks. To optimize HEK293 DKO transfection cultures, we first evaluated different pH and agitation parameters in ambr15 microbioreactors before scaling up to 10 L wavebag bioreactors. In ambr15 microbioreactors with a pH setpoint of 7.0, a wide pH deadband of ±0.3, and an agitation of 630 rpm, HEK293 DKO transient cultures yielded antibody titers up to 650 mg/L in 7 days. The optimal ambr15 conditions prompted us to operate the 10 L wavebag transfection without direct pH control to mimic the wide pH deadband ranges. The HEK293 DKO transfection process produces high titers at all scales tested. Combined, our optimized HEK293 DKO 35 L bioreactor seed train and 10 L high titer transient processes support efficient, large-scale recombinant protein production for research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia A Arena
- Department of Cell Culture, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bernice Chou
- Department of Cell Culture, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter D. Harms
- Department of Cell Culture, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Athena W. Wong
- Department of Cell Culture, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Hutmacher C, Volta L, Rinaldi F, Murer P, Myburgh R, Manz MG, Neri D. Development of a novel fully-human anti-CD123 antibody to target acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2019; 84:106178. [PMID: 31326578 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.106178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are being considered as biopharmaceuticals for the in vivo targeting of acute myeloid leukemia. Here we describe the generation and characterization of a fully-human monoclonal antibody specific to CD123, a surface marker which is overexpressed in a variety of hematological disorders, including acute myeloid leukemia. The cloning and expression of the extracellular portion of CD123 as recombinant Fc fusion allowed the selection and affinity maturation of a human antibody, called H9, which specifically recognized the cognate antigen in biochemical assays and on leukemic cells. The H9 antibody and a previously-described anti-CD123 antibody (CSL362) were reformatted into full immunoglobulin human IgG1 formats, including a variant bearing S293D and I332E mutations to enhance antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The two antibodies recognized different epitopes on the surface of the N-terminal domain of CD123, as revealed by crystallography and SPOT analysis. Both H9 and CSL362 in full immunoglobulin format were able to selectively kill leukemic cells in in vitro ADCC assays, performed both with cell lines and with patient-derived AML blasts. Further, the two antibodies, when reformatted as bispecific BiTE™ reagents by fusion with the anti-CD3 scFv(OKT3) antibody fragment, induced selective killing of AML blasts by patient-derived, autologous T-cells in an in vitro setting, but BiTE(CSL362/OKT3) exhibited a 10-fold higher potency compared to BiTE(H9/OKT3). The availability of two classes of CD123-specific biopharmaceuticals, capable of redirecting the cytolytic activity of NK cells and T cells against AML blasts, may enable novel interventional strategies and combination opportunities for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Hutmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Volta
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Rinaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Murer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renier Myburgh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Rourou S, Ben Zakkour M, Kallel H. Adaptation of Vero cells to suspension growth for rabies virus production in different serum free media. Vaccine 2019; 37:6987-6995. [PMID: 31201054 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Vero cells are nowadays widely used in the production of human vaccines. They are considered as one of the most productive and flexible continuous cell lines available for vaccine manufacturing. However, these cells are anchorage dependent, which greatly complicates upstream processing and process scale-up. Moreover, there is a recognized need to reduce the costs of vaccine manufacturing to develop vaccines that are affordable worldwide. The use of cell lines adapted to suspension growth contributes to reach this objective. The current work describes the adaptation of Vero cells to suspension culture in different serum free media according to multiple protocols based on subsequent passages. The best one that relies on cell adaption to IPT-AFM an in-house developed animal component free medium was then chosen for further studies. Besides, as aggregates have been observed, the improvement of IPT-AFM composition and mechanical dissociation were also investigated. In addition to IPT-AFM, three chemically defined media (CD293, Hycell CHO and CD-U5) and two serum free media (293SFMII and SFM4CHO) were tested to set up a serum free culture of the suspension-adapted Vero cells (VeroS) in shake flasks. Cell density levels higher than 2 × 106 cells/mL were obtained in the assessed conditions. The results were comparable to those obtained in spinner culture of adherent Vero cells grown on Cytodex 1 microcarriers. Cell infection with LP-2061 rabies virus strain at an MOI (Multiplicity of Infection) of 0.1 and a cell density of 8 ± 0.5 × 105 cells/mL resulted in a virus titer higher than 107 FFU/mL in all media tested. Nevertheless, the highest titer equal to 5.2 ± 0.5 × 107 FFU/mL, was achieved in IPT-AFM containing a reduced amount of Ca++ and Mg++. Our results demonstrate the suitability of the obtained VeroS cells to produce rabies virus at a high titer, and pave the way to develop VeroS cells bioreactor process for rabies vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Rourou
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Ben Zakkour
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Héla Kallel
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
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18
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Sifniotis V, Cruz E, Eroglu B, Kayser V. Current Advancements in Addressing Key Challenges of Therapeutic Antibody Design, Manufacture, and Formulation. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E36. [PMID: 31544842 PMCID: PMC6640721 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibody technology heavily dominates the biologics market and continues to present as a significant industrial interest in developing novel and improved antibody treatment strategies. Many noteworthy advancements in the last decades have propelled the success of antibody development; however, there are still opportunities for improvement. In considering such interest to develop antibody therapies, this review summarizes the array of challenges and considerations faced in the design, manufacture, and formulation of therapeutic antibodies, such as stability, bioavailability and immunological engagement. We discuss the advancement of technologies that address these challenges, highlighting key antibody engineered formats that have been adapted. Furthermore, we examine the implication of novel formulation technologies such as nanocarrier delivery systems for the potential to formulate for pulmonary delivery. Finally, we comprehensively discuss developments in computational approaches for the strategic design of antibodies with modulated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Sifniotis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Esteban Cruz
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Barbaros Eroglu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Veysel Kayser
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
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19
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Structure-Guided Exploration of SDS22 Interactions with Protein Phosphatase PP1 and the Splicing Factor BCLAF1. Structure 2019; 27:507-518.e5. [PMID: 30661852 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SDS22 is an ancient regulator of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1). Our crystal structure of SDS22 shows that its twelve leucine-rich repeats adopt a banana-shaped fold that is shielded from solvent by capping domains at its extremities. Subsequent modeling and biochemical studies revealed that the concave side of SDS22 likely interacts with PP1 helices α5 and α6, which are distal from the binding sites of many previously described PP1 interactors. Accordingly, we found that SDS22 acts as a "third" subunit of multiple PP1 holoenzymes. The crystal structure of SDS22 also revealed a large basic surface patch that enables binding of a phosphorylated form of splicing factor BCLAF1. Taken together, our data provide insights into the formation of PP1:SDS22 and the recruitment of additional interaction proteins, such as BCLAF1.
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20
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Ozgul S, von Daake S, Kakehi S, Sereni D, Denissova N, Hanlon C, Huang YJ, Everett JK, Yin C, Montelione GT, Comoletti D. An ELISA-Based Screening Platform for Ligand–Receptor Discovery. Methods Enzymol 2019; 615:453-475. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Nanoscale characterization coupled to multi-parametric optimization of Hi5 cell transient gene expression. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10495-10510. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Hunter M, Yuan P, Vavilala D, Fox M. Optimization of Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 95:e77. [DOI: 10.1002/cpps.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Optimising the transient expression of GABA(A) receptors in adherent HEK293 cells. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 154:7-15. [PMID: 30248449 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their therapeutic relevance, considerable efforts are devoted to the structural characterisation of membrane proteins. Such studies are limited by the availability of high quality protein due to the difficulty of overexpression in recombinant mammalian systems. We sought to systematically optimise multiple aspects in the process of transiently transfecting HEK293 cells, to allow the rapid expression of membrane proteins, without the lengthy process of stable clone formation. We assessed the impact of medium formulation, cell line, and harvest time on the expression of GABAA receptors, as determined by [3H]muscimol binding in cell membranes. Furthermore, transfection with the use of calcium phosphate/polyethyleneimine multishell nanoparticles was optimised, and a dual vector system utilising viral enhancing elements was designed and implemented. These efforts resulted in a 40-fold improvement in GABAA α1β3 receptor expression, providing final yields of 22 fmol/cm2. The findings from this work provide a guide to the optimisation of transient expression of proteins in mammalian cells and should assist in the structural characterisation of membrane proteins.
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24
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Overexpression and purification of human myosins from transiently and stably transfected suspension adapted HEK293SF-3F6 cells. Anal Biochem 2018; 558:19-27. [PMID: 30075102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The myosin family of motor proteins is an attractive target of therapeutic small-molecule protein inhibitors and modulators. Milligrams of protein quantities are required to conduct proper biophysical and biochemical studies to understand myosin functions. Myosin protein expression and purification represent a critical starting point towards this goal. Established utilization of Dictyostelium discoideum, Drosophila melanogaster, insect and mouse cells for myosin expression and purification is limited, cost, labor and time inefficient particularly for (full-length) human myosins. Here we are presenting detailed protocols for production of several difficult-to-purify recombinant human myosins in efficient quantities up to 1 mg of protein per liter of cell culture. This is the first time that myosins have been purified in large scales from suspension adapted transiently and stably expressing human cells. The method is also useful for expressing other human proteins in quantities sufficient to perform extensive biochemical and biophysical characterization.
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25
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McKenzie EA, Abbott WM. Expression of recombinant proteins in insect and mammalian cells. Methods 2018; 147:40-49. [PMID: 29778647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified recombinant proteins are key reagents in academic and industrial research. The ability to make these proteins quickly often relies on the availability of higher eukaryotic cell hosts such as insect and mammalian cells where there is a very wide range of post-translational modifications, protein folding and trafficking pathways. This enables the generation of many proteins that cannot be made in microbial hosts. In this article we outline some of the most commonly used methods to express recombinant proteins in insect and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A McKenzie
- Protein Expression Facility, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - W Mark Abbott
- Peak Proteins Ltd, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK.
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26
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Structure of a volume-regulated anion channel of the LRRC8 family. Nature 2018; 558:254-259. [PMID: 29769723 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Volume-regulated anion channels are activated in response to hypotonic stress. These channels are composed of closely related paralogues of the leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8 (LRRC8) family that co-assemble to form hexameric complexes. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, we determine the structure of a homomeric channel of the obligatory subunit LRRC8A. This protein conducts ions and has properties in common with endogenous heteromeric channels. Its modular structure consists of a transmembrane pore domain followed by a cytoplasmic leucine-rich repeat domain. The transmembrane domain, which is structurally related to connexin proteins, is wide towards the cytoplasm but constricted on the outside by a structural unit that acts as a selectivity filter. An excess of basic residues in the filter and throughout the pore attracts anions by electrostatic interaction. Our work reveals the previously unknown architecture of volume-regulated anion channels and their mechanism of selective anion conduction.
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27
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Schellenberg MJ, Petrovich RM, Malone CC, Williams RS. Selectable high-yield recombinant protein production in human cells using a GFP/YFP nanobody affinity support. Protein Sci 2018; 27:1083-1092. [PMID: 29577475 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant protein expression systems that produce high yields of pure proteins and multi-protein complexes are essential to meet the needs of biologists, biochemists, and structural biologists using X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. An ideal expression system for recombinant human proteins is cultured human cells where the correct translation and chaperone machinery are present. However, compared to bacterial expression systems, human cell cultures present several technical challenges to their use as an expression system. We developed a method that utilizes a YFP fusion-tag to generate recombinant proteins using suspension-cultured HEK293F cells. YFP is a dual-function tag that enables direct visualization and fluorescence-based selection of high expressing clones for and rapid purification using a high-stringency, high-affinity anti-GFP/YFP nanobody support. We demonstrate the utility of this system by expressing two large human proteins, TOP2α (340 KDa dimer) and a TOP2β catalytic core (260 KDa dimer). This robustly and reproducibly yields >10 mg/L liter of cell culture using transient expression or 2.5 mg/L using stable expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Schellenberg
- Structural Cell Biology Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Robert M Petrovich
- Structural Cell Biology Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Christine C Malone
- Structural Cell Biology Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - R Scott Williams
- Structural Cell Biology Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
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28
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Novel antibody-cytokine fusion proteins featuring granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, interleukin-3 and interleukin-4 as payloads. J Biotechnol 2018; 271:29-36. [PMID: 29438784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils can strongly influence disease activity in cancer and in chronic inflammation. Here, we report for the first time the construction and characterization of antibody-fusion proteins featuring granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-3 as payloads capable of enhancing neutrophil activity and a novel antibody-interleukin-4 fusion protein with neutrophil inhibitory potential. We used the F8 antibody specific to the alternatively-spliced extra domain A (EDA) of fibronectin as a targeting agent, since the cognate antigen is strongly upregulated in diseases characterized by angiogenesis. The fusion proteins GCSF-F8, F8-IL3 and F8-IL4-F8, were cloned, expressed, and their targeting ability assessed, exhibiting preferential tumor uptake with tumor:blood ratios at 24 h after injection of 3.3, 18.2 and 27.3, respectively. In F9 tumor bearing-mice GCSF-F8 and F8-IL3 did not provide a therapeutic benefit, while F8-IL4-F8 showed a potent tumor growth retardation. In the collagen-induced model of arthritis, GCSF-F8 and F8-IL3 induced a worsening of the disease, while F8-IL4-F8 slowed arthritis progression but, surprisingly, exhibited substantial toxicity when used in combination with dexamethasone. Collectively, the results indicate that the novel fusion proteins could be expressed and efficiently delivered to the site of disease. However, they were not superior to other antibody-cytokine fusions previously described by our laboratory.
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29
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Pymm P, Vivian JP. Production of Recombinant Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors for Crystallography and Luminex-Based Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1725:281-299. [PMID: 29322425 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7568-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are a highly diverse family of cell-surface receptors that are of importance to the effector function of Natural Killer cells. KIR have been implicated in the detection and clearance of malignantly transformed cells and in the immune-control of viruses including HIV, HCV and CMV. Recently, the mismatching of donor and recipient KIR has been demonstrated to improve success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treatments of leukemias. Due to the high degree of diversity amongst the KIR, a number of strategies are required for the production of recombinant protein for medical, biochemical and structural applications. Each of these strategies has advantages and limitations and is suitable for different subsets of the KIR and their intended use. Here we describe the preparation of these proteins for crystallography and the novel adaptation of tetramer production for this protein family that is suitable for a number of assays including single-antigen bead binding by Luminex. These methods are intended to provide comprehensive details for the production and characterization of each KIR and to be broadly applicable to other cell surface receptors of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Pymm
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian P Vivian
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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30
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Abstract
Recombinant expression of antibody molecules in mammalian cells offers important advantages over traditionally utilized bacterial expression, including glycosylation required for antibody functionality and markedly reduced levels of endotoxin contamination. Advances in transient mammalian expression systems enable high yields (>100 mg/liter) that now allow for effective recombinant antibody production at a reasonable cost. Here, we provide step-by-step protocols for the design and recombinant expression of full-length IgG antibodies and antibody-derived constructs (including Fab, Fc-fusions and bispecifics) in mammalian cells. Antibody constructs are designed by combining antibody variable domains, generated by phage display or derived from human/humanized monoclonals, with constant regions. The constructs are then expressed from mammalian vectors, secreted into culture media, purified by affinity chromatography and characterized by biolayer interferometry. This article provides detailed protocols, sequences and strategies that allow the expression and purification of endotoxin-free antibody reagents suitable for testing in animal models within a 3-week time frame.
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31
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Nemergut M, Žoldák G, Schaefer JV, Kast F, Miškovský P, Plückthun A, Sedlák E. Analysis of IgG kinetic stability by differential scanning calorimetry, probe fluorescence and light scattering. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2229-2239. [PMID: 28833802 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) type have become mainstream therapeutics for the treatment of many life-threatening diseases. For their successful application in the clinic and a favorable cost-benefit ratio, the design and formulation of these therapeutic molecules must guarantee long-term stability for an extended period of time. Accelerated stability studies, e.g., by employing thermal denaturation, have the great potential for enabling high-throughput screening campaigns to find optimal molecular variants and formulations in a short time. Surprisingly, no validated quantitative analysis of these accelerated studies has been performed yet, which clearly limits their application for predicting IgG stability. Therefore, we have established a quantitative approach for the assessment of the kinetic stability over a broad range of temperatures. To this end, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments were performed with a model IgG, testing chaotropic formulations and an extended temperature range, and they were subsequently analyzed by our recently developed three-step sequential model of IgG denaturation, consisting of one reversible and two irreversible steps. A critical comparison of the predictions from this model with data obtained by an orthogonal fluorescence probe method, based on 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate binding to partially unfolded states, resulted in very good agreement. In summary, our study highlights the validity of this easy-to-perform analysis for reliably assessing the kinetic stability of IgGs, which can support accelerated formulation development of monoclonal antibodies by ranking different formulations as well as by improving colloidal stability models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Nemergut
- Department of Biophysics, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenna 5, Košice, 041 54, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Žoldák
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching, D-85748, Germany
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kast
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Pavol Miškovský
- Department of Biophysics, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenna 5, Košice, 041 54, Slovakia.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenna 5, Košice, 041 54, Slovakia
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Erik Sedlák
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenna 5, Košice, 041 54, Slovakia.,Department of Biochemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, Košice, 040 01, Slovakia
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32
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Gulce Iz S, Inevi MA, Metiner PS, Tamis DA, Kisbet N. A BioDesign Approach to Obtain High Yields of Biosimilars by Anti-apoptotic Cell Engineering: a Case Study to Increase the Production Yield of Anti-TNF Alpha Producing Recombinant CHO Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:303-322. [PMID: 28685239 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in medical biotechnology have facilitated to enhance the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and recombinant proteins in mammalian cells. Human mAbs for clinical applications have focused on three areas, particularly cancer, immunological disorders, and infectious diseases. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which has both proinflammatory and immunoregulatory functions, is an important target in biopharmaceutical industry. In this study, a humanized anti-TNF-α mAb producing stable CHO cell line which produces a biosimilar of Humira (adalimumab) was used. Adalimumab is a fully human anti-TNF mAb among the top-selling mAb products in recent years as a biosimilar. Products from mammalian cell bioprocesses are a derivative of cell viability and metabolism, which is mainly disrupted by cell death in bioreactors. Thus, different strategies are used to increase the product yield. Suppression of apoptosis, also called anti-apoptotic cell engineering, is the most remarkable strategy to enhance lifetime of cells for a longer production period. In fact, using anti-apoptotic cell engineering as a BioDesign approach was inspired by nature; nature gives prolonged life span to some cells like stem cells, tumor cells, and memory B and T cells, and researchers have been using this strategy for different purposes. In this study, as a biomimicry approach, anti-apoptotic cell engineering was used to increase the anti-TNF-α mAb production from the humanized anti-TNF-α mAb producing stable CHO cell line by Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein. It was shown that transient transfection of CHO cells by the Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein expressing plasmid prolonged the cell survival rate and protected cells from apoptosis. The transient expression of Bcl-xL using CHO cells enhanced the anti-TNF-α production. The production of anti-TNF-α in CHO cells was increased up to 215 mg/L with an increase of 160% after cells were transfected with Bcl-xL expressing plasmid with polyethylenimine (PEI) reagent at the ratio of 1:6 (DNA:PEI). In conclusion, the anti-apoptotic efficacy of the Bcl-xL expressing plasmid in humanized anti-TNF-α MAb producing stable CHO cells is compatible with curative effect for high efficiency recombinant protein production. Thus, this model can be used for large-scale production of biosimilars through transient Bcl-xL gene expression as a cost-effective method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Gulce Iz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Bornova, Turkey.
| | - Muge Anil Inevi
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Urla, Turkey
| | - Pelin Saglam Metiner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ayyildiz Tamis
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
- Turgut Ilaclari A.S, 34394, Istanbul, Besiktas, Turkey
| | - Nazli Kisbet
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
- GlaxoSmithKline, 34394, Istanbul, Besiktas, Turkey
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Investigation of relationship between EBNA-1 expression level and specific foreign protein productivity in transient gene expression of HEK293 cells. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Kim BG, Park HW. Tetrahydrofolate increases suspension growth of dihydrofolate reductase-deficient chinese hamster ovary DG44 cells in chemically defined media. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1539-1546. [PMID: 27578320 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) DG44 cells to chemically defined suspension culture conditions is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process because nonadapted DHFR-deficient CHO DG44 cells normally show poor growth in chemically defined medium (CDM). We examined the effects of folate derivatives, ribonucleotides, and nucleobases on the growth of suspension-adapted DHFR-deficient CHO DG44 cells in CDM. Among the tested additives, tetrahydrofolate (THF) was identified as an effective component for increasing cell growth. THF supplementation in the range of 0.2-359 μM enhanced cell growth in in-house CDM. Addition of 3.6 μM THF to in-house CDM resulted in a more than 2.5-fold increase in maximum viable cell density. Moreover, supplementation of six different commercial CDMs with 3.6 μM THF yielded up to 2.9-fold enhancement of maximum viable cell density. An anchorage- and serum-dependent DHFR-deficient CHO DG44 cell line was adapted within two consecutive passages to suspension growth in in-house CDM supplemented with 3.6 μM THF. These data indicate that supplementation of chemically defined cell culture media with greater than 0.2 μM THF can help achieve a high density of suspension-adapted DHFR-deficient CHO DG44 cells and may facilitate rapid adaptation of nonadapted DHFR-deficient CHO DG44 cells to suspension culture. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1539-1546, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Gyun Kim
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Hong Woo Park
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
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35
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Recombinant protein production from stable mammalian cell lines and pools. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 38:129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Morales-Perez CL, Noviello CM, Hibbs RE. Manipulation of Subunit Stoichiometry in Heteromeric Membrane Proteins. Structure 2016; 24:797-805. [PMID: 27041595 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability of oligomeric membrane proteins to assemble in different functional ratios of subunits is a common feature across many systems. Recombinant expression of hetero-oligomeric proteins with defined stoichiometries facilitates detailed structural and functional analyses, but remains a major challenge. Here we present two methods for overcoming this challenge: one for rapid virus titration and another for stoichiometry determination. When these methods are coupled, they allow for efficient dissection of the heteromer stoichiometry problem and optimization of homogeneous protein expression. We demonstrate the utility of the methods in a system that to date has proved resistant to atomic-scale structural study, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Leveraging these two methods, we have successfully expressed, purified, and grown diffraction-quality crystals of this challenging target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio L Morales-Perez
- Departments of Neuroscience and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Colleen M Noviello
- Departments of Neuroscience and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ryan E Hibbs
- Departments of Neuroscience and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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37
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Yang Q, Wang LX. Mammalian α-1,6-Fucosyltransferase (FUT8) Is the Sole Enzyme Responsible for the N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase I-independent Core Fucosylation of High-mannose N-Glycans. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11064-71. [PMID: 27008861 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.720789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biosynthetic pathway of protein glycosylation in various expression cell lines is important for controlling and modulating the glycosylation profiles of recombinant glycoproteins. We found that expression of erythropoietin (EPO) in a HEK293S N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnT I)(-/-) cell line resulted in production of the Man5GlcNAc2 glycoforms, in which more than 50% were core-fucosylated, implicating a clear GnT I-independent core fucosylation pathway. Expression of GM-CSF and the ectodomain of FcγIIIA receptor led to ∼30% and 3% core fucosylation, suggesting that the level of core fucosylation also depends on the nature of the recombinant proteins. To elucidate the GnT I-independent core fucosylation pathway, we generated a stable HEK293S GnT I(-/-) cell line with either knockdown or overexpression of FUT8 by a highly efficient lentivirus-mediated gene transfer approach. We found that the EPO produced from the FUT8 knockdown cell line was the pure Man5GlcNAc2 glycoform, whereas that produced from the FUT8-overexpressing cell line was found to be fully core-fucosylated oligomannose glycan (Man5GlcNAc2Fuc). These results provide direct evidence that FUT8, the mammalian α1,6-fucosyltransferase, is the sole enzyme responsible for the GnT I-independent core fucosylation pathway. The production of the homogeneous core-fucosylated Man5GlcNAc2 glycoform of EPO in the FUT8-overexpressed HEK293S GnT I(-/-) cell line represents the first example of production of fully core-fucosylated high-mannose glycoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742
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38
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Dyson MR. Fundamentals of Expression in Mammalian Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 896:217-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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39
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Püngel S, Veiczi M, Beckmann TF, Vater V, Soto PV, Ermerling R, Levison D, Heinrich C, Welsink T. Reconciling pillars of transient gene expression: From DNA prep via media, reagent and cell line development to holistic process optimization. BMC Proc 2015. [PMCID: PMC4685322 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-9-s9-p18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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40
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Comparison of three transposons for the generation of highly productive recombinant CHO cell pools and cell lines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:1234-43. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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41
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Abbott WM, Middleton B, Kartberg F, Claesson J, Roth R, Fisher D. Optimisation of a simple method to transiently transfect a CHO cell line in high-throughput and at large scale. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 116:113-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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A simple plasmid-based transient gene expression method using High Five cells. J Biotechnol 2015; 216:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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43
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Rajendra Y, Balasubramanian S, Kiseljak D, Baldi L, Wurm FM, Hacker DL. Enhanced plasmid DNA utilization in transiently transfected CHO-DG44 cells in the presence of polar solvents. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1571-8. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashas Rajendra
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC); École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Sowmya Balasubramanian
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC); École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Divor Kiseljak
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC); École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Lucia Baldi
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC); École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Florian M. Wurm
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC); École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - David L. Hacker
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC) and Protein Expression Core Facility (PECF); École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
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44
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Zhang L, Sun Z, Ren P, Lee RJ, Xiang G, Lv Q, Han W, Wang J, Ge S, Xie M. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) assisted delivery of shRNA against PHD2 into H9C2 cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134629. [PMID: 26267649 PMCID: PMC4534091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has great potential for human diseases. Development of efficient delivery systems is critical to its clinical translation. Recent studies have shown that microbubbles in combination with ultrasound (US) can be used to facilitate gene delivery. An aim of this study is to investigate whether the combination of US-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) and polyethylenimine (PEI) (UTMD/PEI) can mediate even greater gene transfection efficiency than UTMD alone and to optimize ultrasonic irradiation parameters. Another aim of this study is to investigate the biological effects of PHD2-shRNA after its transfection into H9C2 cells. pEGFP-N1 or eukaryotic shPHD2-EGFP plasmid was mixed with albumin-coated microbubbles and PEI to form complexes for transfection. After these were added into H9C2 cells, the cells were exposed to US with various sets of parameters. The cells were then harvested and analyzed for gene expression. UTMD/PEI was shown to be highly efficient in gene transfection. An US intensity of 1.5 W/cm2, a microbubble concentration of 300μl/ml, an exposure time of 45s, and a plasmid concentration of 15μg/ml were found to be optimal for transfection. UTMD/PEI-mediated PHD2-shRNA transfection in H9C2 cells significantly down regulated the expression of PHD2 and increased expression of HIF-1α and downstream angiogenesis factors VEGF, TGF-β and bFGF. UTMD/PEI, combined with albumin-coated microbubbles, warrants further investigation for therapeutic gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Pingping Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Shuping Ge
- The Heart Center, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children/Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (MXX)
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
- * E-mail: (SG); (MXX)
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45
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Dong X, Ramon E, Herrera-Hernández MG, Garriga P. Phospholipid Bicelles Improve the Conformational Stability of Rhodopsin Mutants Associated with Retinitis Pigmentosa. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4795-804. [PMID: 26181234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the visual photoreceptor rhodopsin are the cause of the retinal degenerative disease retinitis pigmentosa. Some naturally occurring mutations can lead to protein conformational instability. Two such mutations, N55K and G90V, in the first and second transmembrane helices of the receptor, have been associated with sector and classical retinitis pigmentosa, respectively, and showed enhanced thermal sensitivity. We have carefully analyzed the effect of phospholipid bicelles on the stability and ligand binding properties of these two mutants and compared it with those of the detergent-solubilized samples. We have used a phospholipid bilayer consisting of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC). We find that DMPC/DHPC bicelles dramatically increase the thermal stability of the rhodopsin mutants G90V and N55K. The chromophore stability and regeneration of the mutants were also increased in bicelles when compared to their behavior in a dodecyl maltoside detergent solution. The retinal release process was slowed in bicelles, and chromophore entry, after illumination, was improved for the G90V mutant but not for N55K. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy measurements showed that bicelles allowed more exogenous retinal binding to the photoactivated G90V mutant than in a detergent solution. In contrast, N55K could not reposition any chromophore either in the detergent or in bicelles. The results demonstrate that DMPC/DHPC bicelles can counteract the destabilizing effect of the disease-causing mutations and can modulate the structural changes in the ensuing receptor photoactivation in a distinct specific manner for different retinitis pigmentosa mutant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Dong
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, Rambla de Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eva Ramon
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, Rambla de Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Guadalupe Herrera-Hernández
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, Rambla de Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pere Garriga
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, Rambla de Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
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46
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Bos AB, Luan P, Duque JN, Reilly D, Harms PD, Wong AW. Optimization and automation of an end-to-end high throughput microscale transient protein production process. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1832-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B. Bos
- Department of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; 1 DNA Way; South San Francisco California 94080
| | - Peng Luan
- Department Antibody Engineering; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco California
| | - Joseph N. Duque
- Department of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; 1 DNA Way; South San Francisco California 94080
| | - Dorothea Reilly
- Department of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; 1 DNA Way; South San Francisco California 94080
| | - Peter D. Harms
- Department Late Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco California
| | - Athena W. Wong
- Department of Early Stage Cell Culture; Genentech Inc.; 1 DNA Way; South San Francisco California 94080
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47
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Expression and purification of soluble and stable ectodomain of natural killer cell receptor LLT1 through high-density transfection of suspension adapted HEK293S GnTI− cells. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 109:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Rapid recombinant protein production from piggyBac transposon-mediated stable CHO cell pools. J Biotechnol 2015; 200:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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49
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Rajendra Y, Kiseljak D, Baldi L, Wurm FM, Hacker DL. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional limitations of high-yielding, PEI-mediated transient transfection with CHO and HEK-293E cells. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:541-9. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashas Rajendra
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Divor Kiseljak
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lucia Baldi
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Florian M. Wurm
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - David L. Hacker
- Laboratory for Cellular Biotechnology (LBTC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Protein Expression Core Facility (PECF), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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50
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Expression of TAT recombinant Oct4, Sox2, Lin28, and Nanog proteins from baculovirus-infected Sf9 insect cells. Gene 2015; 556:245-8. [PMID: 25476026 PMCID: PMC9944846 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming has generated enormous interest, following the first report of generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts, but the integration of viral transgenes into the genome is unlikely to be accepted. Given these safety considerations, a method for virus-free transient gene expression from suspension-adapted Sf9 insect cells was developed. Here, we expressed transactivator of transcription (TAT)-fused proteins, Sox2, Oct4, Lin28, and Nanog in Sf9 cells using the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). The molecular weights of the TAT-Sox2, TAT-Oct4, TAT-Lin28, and TAT-Nanog fusion proteins were 36kD, 40kD, 24kD, and 36kD, respectively. Further investigation indicated that most of the recombinant proteins remained in the nuclei of the Sf9 insect cells and were therefore unavailable for purification and cellular reprogramming. Once this problem has been solved, it seems likely that protein expressed from baculovirus-infected Sf9 insect cells will be the method of choice for cellular reprogramming.
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