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Wu O, Lu X, Leng J, Zhang X, Liu W, Yang F, Zhang H, Li J, Khederzadeh S, Liu X, Yuan C. Reevaluating Adiponectin's impact on obesity hypertension: a Chinese case-control study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:208. [PMID: 38615012 PMCID: PMC11015577 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and hypertension are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Both conditions are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is mediated by adipokines such as adiponectin. Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine that has a beneficial impact on metabolic and vascular biology, while high serum concentrations are associated with some syndromes. This "adiponectin paradox" still needs to be clarified in obesity-associated hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate how adiponectin affects blood pressure, inflammation, and metabolic function in obesity hypertension using a Chinese adult case-control study. METHODS A case-control study that had finished recruiting 153 subjects divided as four characteristic groups. Adiponectin serum levels were tested by ELISA in these subjects among these four characteristic Chinese adult physical examination groups. Waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SB), diastolic blood pressure (DB), and other clinical laboratory data were collected. Analyzation of correlations between the research index and differences between groups was done by SPSS. RESULTS Serum adiponectin levels in the| normal healthy group (NH group) were significantly higher than those in the newly diagnosed untreated just-obesity group (JO group), and negatively correlated with the visceral adiposity index. With multiple linear egression analysis, it was found that, for serum adiponectin, gender, serum albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were the significant independent correlates, and for SB, age and HDLC were the significant independent correlates, and for DB, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was the significant independent correlate. The other variables did not reach significance in the model. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that adiponectin's role in obesity-hypertension is multifaceted and is influenced by the systemic metabolic homeostasis signaling axis. In obesity-related hypertension, compensatory effects, adiponectin resistance, and reduced adiponectin clearance from impaired kidneys and liver all contribute to the "adiponectin paradox".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhang Leng
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The Frist People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- JFIntelligent Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd Building No.5-7, No.699 Tianxiang Avenue, Hi-Tech Zone, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The Frist People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Saber Khederzadeh
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengda Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Boix-Castejón M, Roche E, Olivares-Vicente M, Álvarez-Martínez FJ, Herranz-López M, Micol V. Plant compounds for obesity treatment through neuroendocrine regulation of hunger: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154735. [PMID: 36921427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food intake behavior is influenced by both physiological and psychological complex processes, such as appetite, satiety, and hunger. The neuroendocrine regulation of food intake integrates short- and long-term acting signals that modulate the moment of intake and energy storage/expenditure, respectively. These signals are classified as orexigenic, those that activate anabolic pathways and the desire of eating, and anorexigenic, those that activate the catabolic pathways and a sensation of satiety. Appetite control by natural vegetal compounds is an intense area of research and new pharmacological interventions have been emerging based on an understanding of appetite regulation pathways. Several validated psychometric tools are used to assess the efficacy of these plant ingredients. However, these data are not conclusive if they are not complemented with physiological parameters, such as anthropometric evaluations (body weight and composition) and the analysis of hormones related to adipose tissue and appetite in blood. PURPOSE The purpose of this manuscript is the critical analysis of the plant compounds studied to date in the literature with potential for the neuroendocrine regulation of hunger in order to determine if the use of phytochemicals for the treatment of obesity constitutes an effective and/or promising therapeutic tool. METHODS Relevant information on neuroendocrine regulation of hunger and satiety for the treatment of obesity by plant compounds up to 2022 in English and/or Spanish were derived from online databases using the PubMed search engine and Google Scholar with relevant keywords and operators. RESULTS Accordingly, the comparison performed in this review between previous studies showed a high degree of experimental heterogeneity. Among the studies reviewed here, only a few of them establish comprehensively a potential correlation between the effect of the ingredient on hunger or satiety, body changes and a physiological response. CONCLUSIONS More systematic clinical studies are required in future research. The first approach should be to decode the pattern of circulating hormones regulating hunger, satiety, and appetite in overweight/obese subjects. Thereafter, studies should correlate brain connectivity at the level of the hypothalamus, gut and adipose tissue with the hormone patterns modulating appetite and satiety. Extracts whose mode of action have been well characterized and that are safe, can be used clinically to perform a moderate, but continuous, caloric restriction in overweight patients to lose weight excess into a controlled protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boix-Castejón
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - E Roche
- Institute of Bioengineering, Applied Biology Department-Nutrition, University Miguel-Hernández, 03202, Elche, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010, Alicante, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Olivares-Vicente
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - F J Álvarez-Martínez
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - M Herranz-López
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain.
| | - V Micol
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Zhao Y, Suo Y, Yang Z, Hao Y, Li W, Su Y, Shi Y, Gao Y, Song L, Yin X, Shi H. Inspiration for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: New insight from the bone-brain-axis. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:263-272. [PMID: 34678443 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone is the main supporting structure of the body and the main organ involved in body movement and calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Recent studies have shown that bone is also a potential new endocrine organ that participates in the physiological and pathophysiological processes of the cardiovascular, digestive, and endocrine systems through various bioactive cytokines secreted by bone cells and bone marrow. Bone-derived active cytokines can also directly act on the central nervous system and regulate brain function and individual behavior. The bidirectional regulation of the bone-brain axis has gradually attracted attention in the field of neuroscience. This paper reviews the regulatory effects of bone-derived active cytokines and bone-derived cells on individual brain function and brain diseases, as well as the occurrence and development of related neuropsychiatric diseases. The central regulatory mechanism function is briefly introduced, which will broaden the scope for mechanistic research and help establish prevention and treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric diseases based on the bone-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yining Suo
- Child Health Department, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Zhenbang Yang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Ying Hao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Wenshuya Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yujiao Su
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xi Yin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China.
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Schwartz A, Bellissimo N. Nicotine and energy balance: A review examining the effect of nicotine on hormonal appetite regulation and energy expenditure. Appetite 2021; 164:105260. [PMID: 33848592 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine has been shown to decrease appetite, food intake (FI) and body weight, but the mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of this review was to examine research on the effects of nicotine on energy balance by exploring physiological mechanisms and hormone regulation related to FI, subjective appetite and energy expenditure (EE). We searched PubMed and MEDLINE, and included articles investigating the effects of nicotine on central appetite regulation, FI, leptin, peptide-YY (PYY), ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), adiponectin, cholecystokinin (CCK), orexin, and EE. A total of 65 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and review. Our findings suggest that the decrease in appetite and FI may be attributed to nicotinic alterations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) but the effect of nicotine on FI remains unclear. Furthermore, nicotine increases resting EE (REE) and physical activity EE (PAEE) in both smokers and non-smokers; and these increases may be a result of the catecholaminergic effect of nicotine. Decreases in body weight and appetite experienced by nicotine users results from increased EE and changes in the central hypothalamic regulation of appetite. There is not enough evidence to implicate a relationship between peripheral hormones and changes in appetite or FI after nicotine use. Although nicotine increases REE and PAEE, the effect of nicotine on other components of EE warrants further research. We conclude that further research evaluating the effect of nicotine on appetite hormones, FI and EE in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Kumar U, Singh S. Role of Somatostatin in the Regulation of Central and Peripheral Factors of Satiety and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072568. [PMID: 32272767 PMCID: PMC7177963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major social and health problems globally and often associated with various other pathological conditions. In addition to unregulated eating behaviour, circulating peptide-mediated hormonal secretion and signaling pathways play a critical role in food intake induced obesity. Amongst the many peptides involved in the regulation of food-seeking behaviour, somatostatin (SST) is the one which plays a determinant role in the complex process of appetite. SST is involved in the regulation of release and secretion of other peptides, neuronal integrity, and hormonal regulation. Based on past and recent studies, SST might serve as a bridge between central and peripheral tissues with a significant impact on obesity-associated with food intake behaviour and energy expenditure. Here, we present a comprehensive review describing the role of SST in the modulation of multiple central and peripheral signaling molecules. In addition, we highlight recent progress and contribution of SST and its receptors in food-seeking behaviour, obesity (orexigenic), and satiety (anorexigenic) associated pathways and mechanism.
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Karageorgiou V, Furukawa TA, Tsigkaropoulou E, Karavia A, Gournellis R, Soureti A, Bellos I, Douzenis A, Michopoulos I. Adipokines in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 112:104485. [PMID: 31805456 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between adipokine dysregulation and weight loss of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) has been long investigated, in search of a causal relationship. We sought to: a) synthesize the available evidence on potential differences between AN patients and controls with regards to adipokine measurements (namely, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, soluble leptin receptor, visfatin, vaspin and omentin), b) estimate the potential differences between constitutionally thin (CT) subjects and AN patients, and c) present the available evidence with regards to biomarker efficacy of adipokines in AN. METHODS A structured literature search, last updated in 2/2019, was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, clinicaltrials.gov, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and WHO Registry Network. The primary outcome was the standardized mean difference of each adipokine between AN patients and controls of normal BMI. Secondary outcomes included the correlation of leptin with BMI and bone mineral density among AN patients. The study protocol is published in PROSPERO (CRD42018116767). RESULTS In a total of 622 screened studies, after exclusion of non-relevant articles and duplicates, 84 reports on leptin, 31 reports on adiponectin, 12 on resistin, 10 on soluble leptin receptor, 5 on visfatin, 3 on vaspin and omentin were finally included in the meta-analysis. Publication bias assessment underlined the possibility of non-significant studies being underrepresented; still, significant heterogeneity renders this statement inconclusive. Leptin [ELISA: SMD (95% CI): -3.03 (-4, -2.06)], radioimmunoassay [RIA: -3.84 (-4.71, -2.98)] and resistin [-1.67 (-2.85, -0.48)] were significantly lower in patients with AN compared with controls, whereas visfatin decrease did not reach significance (-2.03 (-4.38, 0.3). Mean adiponectin, vaspin and soluble leptin receptor levels were significantly higher. In subgroup analysis, a significantly attenuated SMD was reported in ELISA studies compared with RIA studies. Leptin was significantly lower in AN patients compared to CT subjects and BMI marginally did not appear to confound the result. In all analyses, except for the correlation of leptin with BMI in AN patients, high heterogeneity was present. Meta-regression analysis indicated a potential confounding action of controls' BMI and age on leptin SMD and between-assay differences. Publication bias assessment underlined the possibility of nonsignificant studies being underrepresented; still, further investigation did not corroborate this and significant heterogeneity renders this statement inconclusive. CONCLUSION A distinct profile of adipokine dysregulation is apparent in AN patients, following the anticipated pattern of low BMI. A precise estimation of the magnitude is hindered by heterogeneity, partly caused by varying assays and methodologies. Interestingly, while mean leptin levels are lower in AN subjects compared with constitutionally thin women, there is an overlap in individual levels between the two groups and therefore, they cannot be used to differentiate between these states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Karageorgiou
- Eating Disorders Unit, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Toshiaki A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Evdoxia Tsigkaropoulou
- Eating Disorders Unit, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Karavia
- Eating Disorders Unit, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Rossetos Gournellis
- Eating Disorders Unit, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Soureti
- Eating Disorders Unit, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bellos
- Eating Disorders Unit, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Douzenis
- Eating Disorders Unit, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Michopoulos
- Eating Disorders Unit, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Central Modulation of Energy Homeostasis and Cognitive Performance After Bariatric Surgery. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 19:213-236. [PMID: 28933067 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63260-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In moderately or morbidly obese patients, bariatric surgery has been proven to be an effective therapeutic approach to control body weight and comorbidities. Surgery-mediated modulation of brain function via modified postoperative secretion of gut peptides and vagal nerve stimulation was identified as an underlying mechanism in weight loss and improvement of weight-related diseases. Increased basal and postprandial plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones like glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY that act on specific areas of the hypothalamus to reduce food intake, either directly or mediated by the vagus nerve, are observed after surgery while suppression of meal-induced ghrelin release is increased. Hormones released from the adipose tissue like leptin and adiponectin are also affected and leptin plasma levels are reduced in treated patients. Besides homeostatic control of body weight, surgery also changes hedonistic behavior in regard to food intake and cognitive performance involving the limbic system and prefrontal areas.
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Apaiajai N, Chunchai T, Jaiwongkam T, Kerdphoo S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Testosterone Deprivation Aggravates Left-Ventricular Dysfunction in Male Obese Insulin-Resistant Rats via Impairing Cardiac Mitochondrial Function and Dynamics Proteins. Gerontology 2018; 64:333-343. [PMID: 29566382 DOI: 10.1159/000487188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported that testosterone deprivation at a very young age accelerated, but did not aggravate, left-ventricular (LV) dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant rats. However, the effects of testosterone deprivation during adulthood on LV function in obese insulin-resistant rats remains unclear. We hypothesized that testosterone deprivation aggravates LV dysfunction and cardiac autonomic imbalance via the impairment of cardiac mitochondrial function and dynamics proteins, a reduction in insulin receptor function, and an increase in apoptosis in obese insulin-resistant rats. METHODS Male rats were fed on either a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. They were then subdivided into 2 groups: sham operation (NDS, HFS) and orchiectomy (NDO, HFO). Metabolic parameters, blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV), and LV function were determined at baseline and before and after orchiectomy. Mitochondrial function and dynamics proteins, insulin signaling, and apoptosis were determined 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS HFS rats exhibited obese insulin resistance, depressed HRV, and LV dysfunction. In HFO rats, systolic blood pressure was increased with more excessive depression of HRV and increased LV dysfunction, compared with HFS rats. These adverse cardiac effects were consistent with markedly increased mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced mitochondrial complex I and III proteins, reduced mitochondrial fusion proteins, and increased apoptosis, compared with HFS rats. However, testosterone deprivation did not lead to any alteration in the insulin-resistant condition in HFO rats, compared with HFS rats. CONCLUSION We concluded that testosterone deprivation during adulthood aggravated the impairment of mitochondrial function, mitochondrial respiratory complex, mitochondrial dynamics proteins, and apoptosis, leading to LV dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattayaporn Apaiajai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Dutheil F, Gordon BA, Naughton G, Crendal E, Courteix D, Chaplais E, Thivel D, Lac G, Benson AC. Cardiovascular risk of adipokines: a review. J Int Med Res 2017; 46:2082-2095. [PMID: 28974138 PMCID: PMC6023062 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517706578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the understanding of adipose tissue has undergone radical change. The perception has evolved from an inert energy storage tissue to that of an active endocrine organ. Adipose tissue releases a cluster of active molecules named adipokines. The severity of obesity-related diseases does not necessarily correlate with the extent of body fat accumulation but is closely related to body fat distribution, particularly to visceral localization. There is a distinction between the metabolic function of central obesity (visceral abdominal) and peripheral obesity (subcutaneous) in the production of adipokines. Visceral fat accumulation, linked with levels of some adipokines, induces chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders, including glucose intolerance, hyperlipidaemia, and arterial hypertension. Together, these conditions contribute to a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, directly associated with the onset of cardiovascular disease. If it is well known that adipokines contribute to the inflammatory profile and appetite regulation, this review is novel in synthesising the current state of knowledge of the role of visceral adipose tissue and its secretion of adipokines in cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- 1 University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,2 Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,3 Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,4 WittyFit, Paris, France
| | - Brett Ashley Gordon
- 5 La Trobe University, La Trobe Rural Health School, Exercise Physiology, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geraldine Naughton
- 3 Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward Crendal
- 3 Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Courteix
- 3 Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,6 Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elodie Chaplais
- 3 Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,6 Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- 6 Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gérard Lac
- 6 Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Coan PM, Barrier M, Alfazema N, Carter RN, Marion de Procé S, Dopico XC, Garcia Diaz A, Thomson A, Jackson-Jones LH, Moyon B, Webster Z, Ross D, Moss J, Arends MJ, Morton NM, Aitman TJ. Complement Factor B Is a Determinant of Both Metabolic and Cardiovascular Features of Metabolic Syndrome. Hypertension 2017; 70:HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09242. [PMID: 28739975 PMCID: PMC5548512 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CFB (complement factor B) is elevated in adipose tissue and serum from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, but the causal relationship to disease pathogenesis is unclear. Cfb is also elevated in adipose tissue and serum of the spontaneously hypertensive rat, a well-characterized model of metabolic syndrome. To establish the role of CFB in metabolic syndrome, we knocked out the Cfb gene in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Cfb-/- rats showed improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, redistribution of visceral to subcutaneous fat, increased adipocyte mitochondrial respiration, and marked changes in gene expression. Cfb-/- rats also had lower blood pressure, increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening, and reduced left ventricular mass. These changes in metabolism and gene expression, in adipose tissue and left ventricle, suggest new adipose tissue-intrinsic and blood pressure-independent mechanisms for insulin resistance and cardiac hypertrophy in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. In silico analysis of the human CFB locus revealed 2 cis-regulated expression quantitative trait loci for CFB expression significantly associated with visceral fat, circulating triglycerides and hypertension in genome-wide association studies. Together, these data demonstrate a key role for CFB in the development of spontaneously hypertensive rat metabolic syndrome phenotypes and of related traits in humans and indicate the potential for CFB as a novel target for treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Coan
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.).
| | - Marjorie Barrier
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Neza Alfazema
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Roderick N Carter
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Sophie Marion de Procé
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Xaquin C Dopico
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Ana Garcia Diaz
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Adrian Thomson
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Lucy H Jackson-Jones
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Ben Moyon
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Zoe Webster
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - David Ross
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Julie Moss
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Mark J Arends
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
| | - Timothy J Aitman
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., S.M.P., X.C.D., D.R., J.M., T.J.A.); British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute (P.M.C., M.B., N.A., R.N.C., A.T., L.H.J.-J., N.M.M., T.J.A.) and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (X.C.D.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (A.G.D., T.J.A) and Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (B.M., Z.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, United Kingdom (M.J.A.)
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Gollasch
- Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité – University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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13
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Ruan H, Dong LQ. Adiponectin signaling and function in insulin target tissues. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:101-9. [PMID: 26993044 PMCID: PMC4816150 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-linked type 2 diabetes is one of the paramount causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, posing a major threat on human health, productivity, and quality of life. Despite great progress made towards a better understanding of the molecular basis of diabetes, the available clinical counter-measures against insulin resistance, a defect that is central to obesity-linked type 2 diabetes, remain inadequate. Adiponectin, an abundant adipocyte-secreted factor with a wide-range of biological activities, improves insulin sensitivity in major insulin target tissues, modulates inflammatory responses, and plays a crucial role in the regulation of energy metabolism. However, adiponectin as a promising therapeutic approach has not been thoroughly explored in the context of pharmacological intervention, and extensive efforts are being devoted to gain mechanistic understanding of adiponectin signaling and its regulation, and reveal therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss tissue- and cell-specific functions of adiponectin, with an emphasis on the regulation of adiponectin signaling pathways, and the potential crosstalk between the adiponectin and other signaling pathways involved in metabolic regulation. Understanding better just why and how adiponectin and its downstream effector molecules work will be essential, together with empirical trials, to guide us to therapies that target the root cause(s) of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ruan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lily Q Dong
- Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Lindén J, Lensu S, Pohjanvirta R. Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on hormones of energy balance in a TCDD-sensitive and a TCDD-resistant rat strain. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13938-66. [PMID: 25119860 PMCID: PMC4159833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of the acute toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a drastically reduced feed intake by an unknown mechanism. To further elucidate this wasting syndrome, we followed the effects of a single large dose (100 μg/kg) of TCDD on the serum levels of several energy balance-influencing hormones, clinical chemistry variables, and hepatic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expression in two rat strains that differ widely in their TCDD sensitivities, for up to 10 days. TCDD affected most of the analytes in sensitive Long-Evans rats, while there were few alterations in the resistant Han/Wistar strain. However, analyses of feed-restricted unexposed Long-Evans rats indicated several of the perturbations to be secondary to energy deficiency. Notable increases in ghrelin and glucagon occurred in TCDD-treated Long-Evans rats alone, which links these hormones to the wasting syndrome. The newly found energy balance regulators, insulin-like growth factor 1 and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), appeared to function in concert in body weight loss-induced metabolic state, and FGF-21 was putatively linked to increased lipolysis induced by TCDD. Finally, we demonstrate a reverse set of changes in the AHR protein and mRNA response to TCDD and feed restriction, suggesting that AHR might function also as a physiological regulator, possibly involved in the maintenance of energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jere Lindén
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sanna Lensu
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
Hypoxia develops in white adipose tissue in obese mice, resulting in changes in adipocyte function that may underpin the dysregulation that leads to obesity-associated disorders. Whether hypoxia occurs in adipose tissue in human obesity is unclear, with recent studies contradicting earlier reports that this was the case. Adipocytes, both murine and human, exhibit extensive functional changes in culture in response to hypoxia, which alters the expression of up to 1,300 genes. These include genes encoding key adipokines such as leptin, interleukin (IL)-6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which are upregulated, and adiponectin, which is downregulated. Hypoxia also inhibits the expression of genes linked to oxidative metabolism while stimulating the expression of genes associated with glycolysis. Glucose uptake and lactate release by adipocytes are both stimulated by hypoxia, and insulin sensitivity falls. Preadipocytes and macrophages in adipose tissue also respond to hypoxia. The hypoxia-signaling pathway may provide a new target for the treatment of obesity-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Trayhurn
- Obesity Biology Research Unit, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA United Kingdom, and Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1EG, United Kingdom;
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Coelho R, Viola TW, Walss-Bass C, Brietzke E, Grassi-Oliveira R. Childhood maltreatment and inflammatory markers: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 129:180-92. [PMID: 24205846 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been associated with several diseases in adult life, including diabetes, obesity and mental disorders. Inflammatory conditions have been postulated as possible mediators of this relationship. The aim was to conduct a systematic review regarding the association between CM and inflammatory markers in adulthood. METHOD A literature search of the PubMed, ISI, EMBASE and PsychINFO databases was conducted. The key terms used were as follows: 'Child Maltreatment', 'Childhood Trauma', 'Early Life Stress', 'Psychological Stress', 'Emotional Stress', 'Child Abuse' and 'Child Neglect'. They were cross-referenced separately with the terms: 'C-reactive Protein (CRP)', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor', 'Cytokine', 'Interleukin', 'Inflammatory' and 'Inflammation'. RESULTS Twenty articles remained in the review after exclusion criteria were applied. Studies showed that a history of CM was associated with increased levels of CRP, fibrinogen and proinflammatory cytokines. Increased levels of circulating CRP in individuals with a history of CM were the most robust finding among the studies. Data about anti-inflammatory mediators are still few and inconsistent. CONCLUSION Childhood maltreatment is associated with a chronic inflammatory state independent of clinical comorbidities. However, studies are heterogeneous regarding CM assessment and definition. Important methodological improvements are needed to better understand the potential impact of CM on inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Coelho
- Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress (NEPTE), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Abstract
Adiponectin, which exists in serum in three major complexes including trimer, hexamer, and the high molecular weight (HMW) form, has strong insulin sensitizing, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic functions. Different adiponectin complexes exert tissue-specific biological functions and activate distinct signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize our current understanding on the mechanisms regulating adiponectin multimerization. We also describe the major target tissues in which distinct adiponectin multimers exert their functional roles. Finally, we discuss the potential involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial stress in diet-induced adiponectin downregulation and highlight the roles of Disulfide bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) in the prevention of endoplasmic reticulum stress and promotion of adiponectin multimerization, stability, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Second Xiangya Hospital, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center and Diabetes Center, Institute of Aging and Geriatric Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Second Xiangya Hospital, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center and Diabetes Center, Institute of Aging and Geriatric Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan, China.
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Schneider JE, Wise JD, Benton NA, Brozek JM, Keen-Rhinehart E. When do we eat? Ingestive behavior, survival, and reproductive success. Horm Behav 2013; 64:702-28. [PMID: 23911282 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuroendocrinology of ingestive behavior is a topic central to human health, particularly in light of the prevalence of obesity, eating disorders, and diabetes. The study of food intake in laboratory rats and mice has yielded some useful hypotheses, but there are still many gaps in our knowledge. Ingestive behavior is more complex than the consummatory act of eating, and decisions about when and how much to eat usually take place in the context of potential mating partners, competitors, predators, and environmental fluctuations that are not present in the laboratory. We emphasize appetitive behaviors, actions that bring animals in contact with a goal object, precede consummatory behaviors, and provide a window into motivation. Appetitive ingestive behaviors are under the control of neural circuits and neuropeptide systems that control appetitive sex behaviors and differ from those that control consummatory ingestive behaviors. Decreases in the availability of oxidizable metabolic fuels enhance the stimulatory effects of peripheral hormones on appetitive ingestive behavior and the inhibitory effects on appetitive sex behavior, putting a new twist on the notion of leptin, insulin, and ghrelin "resistance." The ratio of hormone concentrations to the availability of oxidizable metabolic fuels may generate a critical signal that schedules conflicting behaviors, e.g., mate searching vs. foraging, food hoarding vs. courtship, and fat accumulation vs. parental care. In species representing every vertebrate taxa and even in some invertebrates, many putative "satiety" or "hunger" hormones function to schedule ingestive behavior in order to optimize reproductive success in environments where energy availability fluctuates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Schneider
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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Role of leptin and central nervous system melanocortins in obesity hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2013; 22:135-40. [PMID: 23299052 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e32835d0c05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a major worldwide health problem. Excess weight gain is the most significant preventable cause of increased blood pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension and increases the risk for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Our goal is to review the mechanisms that link obesity with hypertension, with special emphasis on the role of leptin and the brain melanocortin system in driving sympathetic activation in obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Despite increased interest in obesity as a major risk for developing hypertension, the precise mechanisms linking excess weight gain with increases in BP are still elusive. Current evidence suggests that increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity contributes to impaired renal-pressure natriuresis and sodium retention in obesity. Recent findings indicate that the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, activates brain centers that regulate SNS activity through a melanocortin-system-dependent pathway. The interaction of leptin and the brain melanocortin system represents an important area of research to further our understanding of the mechanisms leading to sympathetic activation in obesity. SUMMARY Sympathetic overactivity is an important link between excess weight gain and increased BP. Hormones and cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue that interact with neural pathways (e.g. melanocortin system) appear to play a key role in contributing to sympathetic activation in obesity and represent potential new targets for therapies.
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Kim DH, Kim C, Ding EL, Townsend MK, Lipsitz LA. Adiponectin levels and the risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension 2013; 62:27-32. [PMID: 23716587 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies and small controlled studies in humans suggest that adiponectin may regulate blood pressure via brain-mediated and endothelium-mediated mechanisms. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the epidemiological evidence on plasma adiponectin levels and hypertension in free-living adult population. A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE, up to February 2013, identified 43 nonprospective and 5 prospective studies that included 17 598 adults (8220 with hypertension; mean age 19-69 years; and mean body mass index 22-38 kg/m(2)). Two investigators independently extracted data on adiponectin levels by hypertension status and dose-response relationship. We used a random-effects model to compute the weighted mean difference in adiponectin levels between adults with hypertension and normotensive adults and a 2-stage generalized least-square trend methods to compute the odds ratio of hypertension per 1 µg/mL increase in adiponectin. Adults with hypertension had 1.64 µg/mL (95% confidence interval, -2.07, -1.21) lower adiponectin levels than normotensive adults. Every 1 µg/mL increase in adiponectin levels was associated with 6% reduced risk of hypertension (95% confidence interval, 0.92, 0.97). These findings were consistent across study design and characteristics, including age, sex, and body mass index (P>0.05). However, our meta-analysis was limited by unexplained large between-study heterogeneity, a small number of prospective studies, and selective reporting of dose-response data. In conclusion, epidemiological evidence suggests that plasma adiponectin level is a biomarker and possible mediator in the development of adiposity-related hypertension. The question remains as to adiponectin as a potential therapeutic target and its relationship with other adipokines in blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bjersing JL, Erlandsson M, Bokarewa MI, Mannerkorpi K. Exercise and obesity in fibromyalgia: beneficial roles of IGF-1 and resistin? Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R34. [PMID: 23446104 PMCID: PMC3672794 DOI: 10.1186/ar4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe fatigue is a major health problem in fibromyalgia (FM). Obesity is common in FM, but the influence of adipokines and growth factors is not clear. The aim was to examine effects of exercise on fatigue, in lean, overweight and obese FM patients. Methods In a longitudinal study, 48 FM patients (median 52 years) exercised for 15 weeks. Nine patients were lean (body mass index, BMI 18.5 to 24.9), 26 overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9) and 13 obese. Fatigue was rated on a 0 to 100 mm scale (fibromyalgia impact questionnaire [FIQ] fatigue) and multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20) general fatigue (MFIGF). Higher levels in FIQ fatigue and MFIGF indicate greater degree of fatigue. Free and total IGF-1, neuropeptides, adipokines were determined in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results Baseline FIQ fatigue correlated negatively with serum leptin (r = -0.345; P = 0.016) and nerve growth factor (NGF; r = -0.412; P = 0.037). In lean patients, baseline MFIGF associated negatively with serum resistin (r = -0.694; P = 0.038). FIQ Fatigue associated negatively with CSF resistin (r = -0.365; P = 0.073). Similarly, FIQ fatigue (r = -0.444; P = 0.026) and MFIGF correlated negatively with CSF adiponectin (r = -0.508; P = 0.01). In lean patients, FIQ fatigue (P = 0.046) decreased after 15 weeks. After 30 weeks, MFIGF decreased significantly in lean (MFIGF: P = 0.017), overweight (MFIGF: P = 0.001), and obese patients (MFIGF: P = 0.016). After 15 weeks, total IGF-1 increased in lean (P = 0.043) patients. ∆Total IGF-1 differed significantly between lean and obese patients (P = 0.010). ∆Total IGF-1 related negatively with ∆MFIGF after 15 weeks (r = -0.329; P = 0.050). After 30 weeks, ∆FIQ fatigue negatively correlated with ∆NGF (r = -0.463; P = 0.034) and positively with ∆neuropeptide Y (NPY) (r = 0.469; P = 0.032). Resistin increased after 30 weeks (P = 0.034). ∆MFIGF correlated negatively with ∆resistin (r = -0.346; P = 0.031), being strongest in obese patients (r = -0.815; P = 0.007). In obese patients, ∆FIQ fatigue after 30 weeks correlated negatively with ∆free IGF-1 (r = -0.711; P = 0.032). Conclusions Exercise reduced fatigue in all FM patients, this effect was achieved earlier in lean patients. Baseline levels of resistin in both serum and CSF associated negatively with fatigue. Resistin was increased after the exercise period which correlated with decreased fatigue. Changes in IGF-1 indicate similar long-term effects in obese patients. This study shows reduced fatigue after moderate exercise in FM and indicates the involvement of IGF-1 and resistin in these beneficial effects. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00643006
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Taslimi S, Esteghamati A, Rashidi A, Tavakkoli HM, Nakhjavani M, Kebriaee-Zadeh A. Treatment with pioglitazone is associated with decreased preprandial ghrelin levels: a randomized clinical trial. Peptides 2013; 40:89-92. [PMID: 23276779 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of metformin and pioglitazone on ghrelin, a physiologic regulator of appetite and food intake, have not been clearly established. In a randomized clinical trial, we randomly assigned 60 type 2 diabetic patients to either metformin (Group A; n=30) or pioglitazone (Group B; n=30) treatment groups. The groups were similar in their baseline characteristics. A standard fasting 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at time zero before starting metformin or pioglitazone, and 3 months later. After 3 months of treatment, pioglitazone, but not metformin, was significantly associated with weight gain. Both groups experienced a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (p<0.01), hemoglobin A1c (p<0.01 in Group A and p<0.05 in Group B), and insulin resistance (p<0.01). The effect of metformin on preprandial ghrelin and its response to glucose challenge was not significant, while the pioglitazone group had a significant reduction in preprandial ghrelin levels after treatment (p<0.05). The effect of pioglitazone on ghrelin was independent of changes in body weight, body mass index, glucose control, insulin resistance, and plasma insulin. In conclusion, treatment with pioglitazone is associated with a decrease in preprandial ghrelin levels and therefore, the weight gain and increased food intake related to pioglitazone use cannot be explained by its effects on ghrelin. The effect of pioglitazone on ghrelin is independent of changes in body weight, body mass index, plasma insulin, insulin resistance, or glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Taslimi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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