1
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Müller M, Gibisch M, Brocard C, Cserjan-Puschmann M, Striedner G, Hahn R. Purification of recombinantly produced somatostatin-28 comparing hydrochloric acid and polyethyleneimine as E. coli extraction aids. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 222:106537. [PMID: 38944221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Peptides are used for diagnostics, therapeutics, and as antimicrobial agents. Most peptides are produced by chemical synthesis, but recombinant production has recently become an attractive alternative due to the advantages of high titers, less toxic waste and correct folding of tertiary structure. Somatostatin-28 is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system, cell proliferation and inhibits the release of numerous secondary hormones in human body. It is composed of 28 amino acids and has one disulfide bond, which makes it to an optimal model peptide for a whole downstream purification process. We produced the peptide in the periplasm of E. coli using the CASPON™ technology, an affinity fusion technology system that enables high soluble expression of recombinant proteins and cleaves the fusion tag with a circularly permuted human caspase-2. Furthermore, purification of the products is straight forward using an established platform process. Two different case studies for downstream purification are presented, starting with either hydrochloric acid or polyethyleneimine as an extraction aid. After release of affinity-tagged somatostatin-28 out of E. coli's periplasm, several purification steps were performed, delivering a pure peptide solution after the final polishing step. The process was monitored by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography as well as mass spectrometry to determine the yield and correct disulfide bond formation. Monitoring of impurities like host cell proteins, DNA and endotoxins after each downstream unit confirmed effective removal for both purification pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Müller
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Gibisch
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Brocard
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Cserjan-Puschmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Striedner
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Chaudhary S, Ali Z, Mahfouz M. Molecular farming for sustainable production of clinical-grade antimicrobial peptides. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2282-2300. [PMID: 38685599 PMCID: PMC11258990 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as next-generation therapeutics due to their broad-spectrum activity against drug-resistant bacterial strains and their ability to eradicate biofilms, modulate immune responses, exert anti-inflammatory effects and improve disease management. They are produced through solid-phase peptide synthesis or in bacterial or yeast cells. Molecular farming, i.e. the production of biologics in plants, offers a low-cost, non-toxic, scalable and simple alternative platform to produce AMPs at a sustainable cost. In this review, we discuss the advantages of molecular farming for producing clinical-grade AMPs, advances in expression and purification systems and the cost advantage for industrial-scale production. We further review how 'green' production is filling the sustainability gap, streamlining patent and regulatory approvals and enabling successful clinical translations that demonstrate the future potential of AMPs produced by molecular farming. Finally, we discuss the regulatory challenges that need to be addressed to fully realize the potential of molecular farming-based AMP production for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Chaudhary
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences4700 King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences4700 King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences4700 King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
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3
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Li M, Zhou R, Wang Y, Lu Y, Chu X, Dong C. Heterologous expression of frog antimicrobial peptide Odorranain-C1 in Pichia pastoris: Biological characteristics and its application in food preservation. J Biotechnol 2024; 390:50-61. [PMID: 38789049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
To reduce food spoilage and deterioration caused by microbial contamination, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gradually gained attention as a biological preservative. Odorranain-C1 is an α-helical cationic antimicrobial peptide extracted from the skin of frogs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, we achieved the expression of Odorranain-C1 in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) (also known as Komagataella phaffii) by employing DNA recombination technology. The recombinant Odorranain-C1 showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and displayed a minimum inhibitory concentration within the range of 8-12 μg.mL-1. Meanwhile, Odorranain-C1 exhibited superior stability and lower hemolytic activity. Mechanistically, Odorranain-C1 disrupted the bacterial membrane's integrity, ultimately causing membrane rupture and subsequent cell death. In tilapia fillets preservation, Odorranain-C1 inhibited the total colony growth and pH variations, while also reducing the production of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA). In conclusion, these studies demonstrated the efficient recombinant expression of Odorranain-C1 in P. pastoris, highlighting its promising utilization in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Li
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ruonan Zhou
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Lu
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinlei Chu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Chunming Dong
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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4
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Rios T, Maximiano MR, Fernandes FC, Amorim GC, Porto WF, Buccini DF, Nieto Marín V, Feitosa GC, Freitas CDP, Barra JB, Alonso A, Grossi de Sá MF, Lião LM, Franco OL. Anti-Staphy Peptides Rationally Designed from Cry10Aa Bacterial Protein. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29159-29174. [PMID: 39005792 PMCID: PMC11238290 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections pose a significant threat to human health, constituting a major challenge for healthcare systems. Antibiotic resistance is particularly concerning in the context of treating staphylococcal infections. In addressing this challenge, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), characterized by their hydrophobic and cationic properties, unique mechanism of action, and remarkable bactericidal and immunomodulatory capabilities, emerge as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics for tackling bacterial multidrug resistance. This study focuses on the Cry10Aa protein as a template for generating AMPs due to its membrane-penetrating ability. Leveraging the Joker algorithm, six peptide variants were derived from α-helix 3 of Cry10Aa, known for its interaction with lipid bilayers. In vitro, antimicrobial assays determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) required for inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baummanii, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus facallis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Time-kill kinetics were performed using the parental peptide AMPCry10Aa, as well as AMPCry10Aa_1 and AMPCry10Aa_5, against E. coli ATCC, S. aureus 111 and S. aureus ATCC strains showing that AMPCry10Aa_1 and AMPCry10Aa_5 peptides can completely reduce the initial bacterial load with less than 2 h of incubation. AMPCry10Aa_1 and AMPCry 10Aa_5 present stability in human serum and activity maintenance up to 37 °C. Cytotoxicity assays, conducted using the MTT method, revealed that all of the tested peptides exhibited cell viability >50% (IC50). The study also encompassed evaluations of the structure and physical-chemical properties. The three-dimensional structures of AMPCry10Aa and AMPCry10Aa_5 were determined through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, indicating the adoption of α-helical segments. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy elucidated the mechanism of action, demonstrating that AMPCry10Aa_5 enters the outer membranes of E. coli and S. aureus, causing substantial increases in lipid fluidity, while AMPCry10Aa slightly increases lipid fluidity in E. coli. In conclusion, the results obtained underscore the potential of Cry10Aa as a source for developing antimicrobial peptides as alternatives to conventional antibiotics, offering a promising avenue in the battle against antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanny
Borba Rios
- S-Inova
Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação
em Biotecnologia Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000—Jardim
Seminario, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro
de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica
de Brasília, St.
de Grandes Áreas Norte 916—Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rocha Maximiano
- S-Inova
Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação
em Biotecnologia Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000—Jardim
Seminario, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro
de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica
de Brasília, St.
de Grandes Áreas Norte 916—Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Cavalcanti Fernandes
- Centro
de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica
de Brasília, St.
de Grandes Áreas Norte 916—Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Cavalcante Amorim
- Centro
de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica
de Brasília, St.
de Grandes Áreas Norte 916—Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil
- Embrapa
Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte—Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
| | | | - Danieli Fernanda Buccini
- S-Inova
Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação
em Biotecnologia Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000—Jardim
Seminario, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Valentina Nieto Marín
- S-Inova
Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação
em Biotecnologia Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000—Jardim
Seminario, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Cidade Feitosa
- Centro
de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica
de Brasília, St.
de Grandes Áreas Norte 916—Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação
em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de
Brasília, Campus
Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Bueno Barra
- Laboratório
de RMN, Instituto de Química, Universidade
Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alonso
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Fátima Grossi de Sá
- Centro
de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica
de Brasília, St.
de Grandes Áreas Norte 916—Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil
- Embrapa
Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte—Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Luciano Morais Lião
- Laboratório
de RMN, Instituto de Química, Universidade
Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova
Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação
em Biotecnologia Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000—Jardim
Seminario, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro
de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia Universidade Católica
de Brasília, St.
de Grandes Áreas Norte 916—Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70790-160, Brazil
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5
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Gibisch M, Müller M, Tauer C, Albrecht B, Hahn R, Cserjan-Puschmann M, Striedner G. A production platform for disulfide-bonded peptides in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:166. [PMID: 38840157 PMCID: PMC11155123 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant peptide production in Escherichia coli provides a sustainable alternative to environmentally harmful and size-limited chemical synthesis. However, in-vivo production of disulfide-bonded peptides at high yields remains challenging, due to degradation by host proteases/peptidases and the necessity of translocation into the periplasmic space for disulfide bond formation. RESULTS In this study, we established an expression system for efficient and soluble production of disulfide-bonded peptides in the periplasm of E. coli. We chose model peptides with varying complexity (size, structure, number of disulfide bonds), namely parathyroid hormone 1-84, somatostatin 1-28, plectasin, and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (aprotinin). All peptides were expressed without and with the N-terminal, low molecular weight CASPON™ tag (4.1 kDa), with the expression cassette being integrated into the host genome. During BioLector™ cultivations at microliter scale, we found that most of our model peptides can only be sufficiently expressed in combination with the CASPON™ tag, otherwise expression was only weak or undetectable on SDS-PAGE. Undesired degradation by host proteases/peptidases was evident even with the CASPON™ tag. Therefore, we investigated whether degradation happened before or after translocation by expressing the peptides in combination with either a co- or post-translational signal sequence. Our results suggest that degradation predominantly happened after the translocation, as degradation fragments appeared to be identical independent of the signal sequence, and expression was not enhanced with the co-translational signal sequence. Lastly, we expressed all CASPON™-tagged peptides in two industry-relevant host strains during C-limited fed-batch cultivations in bioreactors. We found that the process performance was highly dependent on the peptide-host-combination. The titers that were reached varied between 0.6-2.6 g L-1, and exceeded previously published data in E. coli. Moreover, all peptides were shown by mass spectrometry to be expressed to completion, including full formation of disulfide bonds. CONCLUSION In this work, we demonstrated the potential of the CASPON™ technology as a highly efficient platform for the production of soluble peptides in the periplasm of E. coli. The titers we show here are unprecedented whenever parathyroid hormone, somatostatin, plectasin or bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor were produced in E. coli, thus making our proposed upstream platform favorable over previously published approaches and chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gibisch
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Production of Next-Level Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Müller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Production of Next-Level Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Tauer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Production of Next-Level Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Albrecht
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Production of Next-Level Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Cserjan-Puschmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Production of Next-Level Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerald Striedner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Production of Next-Level Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Chen Y, Li H, Cai Y, Wang K, Wang Y. Anti-hyperuricemia bioactive peptides: a review on obtaining, activity, and mechanism of action. Food Funct 2024; 15:5714-5736. [PMID: 38752330 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00760c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, a disorder of uric acid metabolism, serves as a significant risk factor for conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and various metabolic syndromes. The main contributors to hyperuricemia include overproduction of uric acid in the liver or impaired excretion in the kidneys. Despite traditional clinical drugs being employed for its treatment, significant health concerns persist. Recently, there has been growing interest in utilizing protein peptides sourced from diverse food origins to mitigate hyperuricemia. This article provides a comprehensive review of bioactive peptides with anti-hyperuricemia properties derived from animals, plants, and their products. We specifically outline the methods for preparing these peptides from food proteins and elucidate their efficacy and mechanisms in combating hyperuricemia, supported by in vitro and in vivo evidence. Uric acid-lowering peptides offer promising prospects due to their safer profile, enhanced efficacy, and improved bioavailability. Therefore, this review underscores significant advancements and contributions in identifying peptides capable of metabolizing purine and/or uric acid, thereby alleviating hyperuricemia. Moreover, it offers a theoretical foundation for the development of functional foods incorporating uric acid-lowering peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Modern Fermentation Engineering and Future Foods, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Rizhao Huawei Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Shandong Keepfit Biotech. Co. Ltd., Rizhao, 276800, China
| | - Yousheng Wang
- Institute of Modern Fermentation Engineering and Future Foods, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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7
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Liang Q, Liu Z, Liang Z, Zhu C, Li D, Kong Q, Mou H. Development strategies and application of antimicrobial peptides as future alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172150. [PMID: 38580107 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The use of in-feed antibiotics has been widely restricted due to the significant environmental pollution and food safety concerns they have caused. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted widespread attention as potential future alternatives to in-feed antibiotics owing to their demonstrated antimicrobial activity and environment friendly characteristics. However, the challenges of weak bioactivity, immature stability, and low production yields of natural AMPs impede practical application in the feed industry. To address these problems, efforts have been made to develop strategies for approaching the AMPs with enhanced properties. Herein, we summarize approaches to improving the properties of AMPs as potential alternatives to in-feed antibiotics, mainly including optimization of structural parameters, sequence modification, selection of microbial hosts, fusion expression, and industrially fermentation control. Additionally, the potential for application of AMPs in animal husbandry is discussed. This comprehensive review lays a strong theoretical foundation for the development of in-feed AMPs to achieve the public health globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Zhemin Liu
- Fundamental Science R&D Center of Vazyme Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Ziyu Liang
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Changliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China.
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8
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Kordi M, Talkhounche PG, Vahedi H, Farrokhi N, Tabarzad M. Heterologous Production of Antimicrobial Peptides: Notes to Consider. Protein J 2024; 43:129-158. [PMID: 38180586 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Heavy and irresponsible use of antibiotics in the last century has put selection pressure on the microbes to evolve even faster and develop more resilient strains. In the confrontation with such sometimes called "superbugs", the search for new sources of biochemical antibiotics seems to have reached the limit. In the last two decades, bioactive antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are polypeptide chains with less than 100 amino acids, have attracted the attention of many in the control of microbial pathogens, more than the other types of antibiotics. AMPs are groups of components involved in the immune response of many living organisms, and have come to light as new frontiers in fighting with microbes. AMPs are generally produced in minute amounts within organisms; therefore, to address the market, they have to be either produced on a large scale through recombinant DNA technology or to be synthesized via chemical methods. Here, heterologous expression of AMPs within bacterial, fungal, yeast, plants, and insect cells, and points that need to be considered towards their industrialization will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Kordi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Ghaedi Talkhounche
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helia Vahedi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Farrokhi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Panthi U, McCallum B, Kovalchuk I, Rampitsch C, Badea A, Yao Z, Bilichak A. Foliar application of plant-derived peptides decreases the severity of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) infection in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100357. [PMID: 38494271 PMCID: PMC10903759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2024.100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening and developing novel antifungal agents with minimal environmental impact are needed to maintain and increase crop production, which is constantly threatened by various pathogens. Small peptides with antimicrobial and antifungal activities have been known to play an important role in plant defense both at the pathogen level by suppressing its growth and proliferation as well as at the host level through activation or priming of the plant's immune system for a faster, more robust response against fungi. Rust fungi (Pucciniales) are plant pathogens that can infect key crops and overcome resistance genes introduced in elite wheat cultivars. RESULTS We performed an in vitro screening of 18 peptides predominantly of plant origin with antifungal or antimicrobial activity for their ability to inhibit leaf rust (Puccinia triticina, CCDS-96-14-1 isolate) urediniospore germination. Nine peptides demonstrated significant fungicidal properties compared to the control. Foliar application of the top three candidates, β-purothionin, Purothionin-α2 and Defensin-2, decreased the severity of leaf rust infection in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Additionally, increased pathogen resistance was paralleled by elevated expression of defense-related genes. CONCLUSIONS Identified antifungal peptides could potentially be engineered in the wheat genome to provide an alternative source of genetic resistance to leaf rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urbashi Panthi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, 101 Rte 100 #100, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Brent McCallum
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, 101 Rte 100 #100, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Christof Rampitsch
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, 101 Rte 100 #100, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Ana Badea
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon Research and Development Centre, 2701 Grand Valley Road, P.O. Box 1000A, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada
| | - Zhen Yao
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, 101 Rte 100 #100, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Andriy Bilichak
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, 101 Rte 100 #100, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada.
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10
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Gasanov V, Vorotelyak E, Vasiliev A. Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide SE-33-A2P, a Modified Analog of Cathelicidin, and an Analysis of Its Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:190. [PMID: 38391576 PMCID: PMC10886013 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a method for the expression of the antimicrobial peptide SE-33-A2P in E. coli bacterial cells. The SE-33-A2P peptide consists of A2P and SE-33 peptides and is a retro analog of cathelicidin possessing antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the A2P peptide is a self-cleaving peptide. For an efficient expression of the SE-33-A2P peptide, a gene encoding several repetitive sequences of the SE-33 peptide separated by A2P sequences was created. The gene was cloned into a plasmid, with which E. coli cells were transformed. An induction of the product expression was carried out by IPTG after the cell culture gained high density. The inducible expression product, due to the properties of the A2P peptide, was cleaved in the cell into SE-33-A2P peptides. As the next step, the SE-33-A2P peptide was purified using filtration and chromatography. Its activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria, was proved. The developed approach for obtaining a prokaryotic system for the expression of a highly active antimicrobial peptide expands the opportunities for producing antimicrobial peptides via industrial methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagif Gasanov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Vorotelyak
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Vasiliev
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Siqueira Andrade S, Faria AVDS, Augusto Sousa A, da Silva Ferreira R, Camargo NS, Corrêa Rodrigues M, Longo JPF. Hurdles in translating science from lab to market in delivery systems for Cosmetics: An industrial perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 205:115156. [PMID: 38104897 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, a sweeping technological wave has reshaped the global economic landscape. Fueled by the unceasing forces of digital innovation and venture capital investment, this transformative machine has left a significant mark across numerous economic sectors. More recently, the emergence of 'deep tech' start-ups, focusing on areas such as artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and biotechnology, has infused a fresh wave of innovation into various sectors, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. This review explores the significance of innovation within the cosmetics sector, with a particular emphasis on delivery systems. It assesses the crucial process of bridging the gap between research and the market, particularly in the translation of nanotechnology into tangible real-world applications. With the rise of nanotechnology-based beauty ingredients, we can anticipate groundbreaking advancements that promise to surpass consumer expectations, ushering in a new era of unparalleled innovation in beauty products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Siqueira Andrade
- PlateInnove Biotechnology, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Science and Innovation, Glia Innovation, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Valéria de Sousa Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mosar Corrêa Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Figueiró Longo
- Department of Science and Innovation, Glia Innovation, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil.
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12
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Xu K, Zhao X, Tan Y, Wu J, Cai Y, Zhou J, Wang X. A systematical review on antimicrobial peptides and their food applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 155:213684. [PMID: 37976831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Food safety issues are a major concern in food processing and packaging industries. Food spoilage is caused by microbial contamination, where antimicrobial peptides (APs) provide solutions by eliminating microorganisms. APs such as nisin have been successfully and commonly used in food processing and preservation. Here, we discuss all aspects of the functionalization of APs in food applications. We briefly review the natural sources of APs and their native functions. Recombinant expression of APs in microorganisms and their yields are described. The molecular mechanisms of AP antibacterial action are explained, and this knowledge can further benefit the design of functional APs. We highlight current utilities and challenges for the application of APs in the food industry, and address rational methods for AP design that may overcome current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjie Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - XinYi Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yameng Tan
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Junheng Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yiqing Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China..
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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13
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Song X, Qiao Y, Ma J, Zhang X, Liu J, Xin W, Xing S, Wang Y. Co-expression of four penaeidins in transgenic rice seeds: an alternative strategy for substitute antibiotic agricultural products. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:463-473. [PMID: 37535257 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The co-expression of multiple antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in genetically modified (GM) crops can give plants a broader antibacterial spectrum and lower the pathogen risk of drug resistance. Therefore, four penaeidins (shrimp-derived AMPs) were fused and encoded in an artificial gene (PEN1234), driven by the seed-specific promoter Pzein, with the aim of co-expression in seeds of transgenic rice. The resistant rice plants, acquired via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and glufosinate screening, were identified by PCR and the modified disk-diffusion method, and eight GM lines with high AMP content in the seeds were obtained. Among them, the PenOs017 line had the largest penaeidin content, at approximately 251-300 μg/g in seeds and 15-47 μg/g in roots and leaves. The AMPs in the seeds kept their antibacterial properties even after the seed had been boiled in hot water and could significantly inhibit the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and AMPs in the leaves could effectively inhibit Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae. The results indicate that PenOs017 seeds containing AMPs are an ideal raw-material candidate for antibiotic-free food and feed, and may require fewer petrochemical fungicides or bactericides for disease control during cultivation than conventional rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Song
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Wen Xin
- Beijing TransGen Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Shaochen Xing
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
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14
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Abstract
Plant disease control requires novel approaches to mitigate the spread of and losses caused by current, emerging, and re-emerging diseases and to adapt plant protection to global climate change and the restrictions on the use of conventional pesticides. Currently, disease management relies mainly on biopesticides, which are required for the sustainable use of plant-protection products. Functional peptides are candidate biopesticides because they originate from living organisms or are synthetic analogs and provide novel mechanisms of action against plant pathogens. Hundreds of compounds exist that cover an extensive range of activities against viruses, bacteria and phytoplasmas, fungi and oomycetes, and nematodes. Natural sources, chemical synthesis, and biotechnological platforms may provide peptides at large scale for the industry and growers. The main challenges for their use in plant disease protection are (a) the requirement of stability in the plant environment and counteracting resistance in pathogen populations, (b) the need to develop suitable formulations to increase their shelf life and methods of application, (c) the selection of compounds with acceptable toxicological profiles, and (d) the high cost of production for agricultural purposes. In the near future, it is expected that several functional peptides will be commercially available for plant disease control, but more effort is needed to validate their efficacy at the field level and fulfill the requirements of the regulatory framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Montesinos
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, Plant Pathology-CIDSAV, University of Girona, Girona, Spain;
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15
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Puan SL, Erriah P, Baharudin MMAA, Yahaya NM, Kamil WNIWA, Ali MSM, Ahmad SA, Oslan SN, Lim S, Sabri S. Antimicrobial peptides from Bacillus spp. and strategies to enhance their yield. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5569-5593. [PMID: 37450018 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern that is affecting public health globally. The search for alternative antimicrobial agents has become increasingly important. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by Bacillus spp. have emerged as a promising alternative to antibiotics, due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against resistant pathogens. In this review, we provide an overview of Bacillus-derived AMPs, including their classification into ribosomal (bacteriocins) and non-ribosomal peptides (lipopeptides and polyketides). Additionally, we delve into the molecular mechanisms of AMP production and describe the key biosynthetic gene clusters involved. Despite their potential, the low yield of AMPs produced under normal laboratory conditions remains a challenge to large-scale production. This review thus concludes with a comprehensive summary of recent studies aimed at enhancing the productivity of Bacillus-derived AMPs. In addition to medium optimization and genetic manipulation, various molecular strategies have been explored to increase the production of recombinant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These include the selection of appropriate expression systems, the engineering of expression promoters, and metabolic engineering. Bacillus-derived AMPs offer great potential as alternative antimicrobial agents, and this review provides valuable insights on the strategies to enhance their production yield, which may have significant implications for combating antibiotic resistance. KEY POINTS: • Bacillus-derived AMP is a potential alternative therapy for resistant pathogens • Bacillus produces two main classes of AMPs: ribosomal and non-ribosomal peptides • AMP yield can be enhanced using culture optimization and molecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau Ling Puan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pirasannah Erriah
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Malik Al-Adil Baharudin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Normi Mohd Yahaya
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nur Ismah Wan Ahmad Kamil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sooa Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, 31499, Asan-Si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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16
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Lappöhn CA, Maerz L, Stei R, Weber LG, Wolff MW. Optimization and validation of analytical affinity chromatography for the in-process monitoring and quantification of peptides containing a C-tag. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123899. [PMID: 37783047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The production of recombinant AMPs is facilitated by platform technologies such as the C-tag, a sequence of four C-terminal amino acids that allows immunoaffinity capture and purification. However, the detection and quantification of such products throughout the manufacturing process is a significant challenge. We therefore used a design of experiments approach to optimize a novel high-throughput analytical immunoaffinity chromatography method for the accurate quantification of AMPs containing a C-tag, resulting in minimal analyte carryover (98.8 ± 0.1 % product elution). We then validated the method in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation guideline Q2(R2). Validation confirmed that the method achieves high specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision. We implemented in-process control and quantification throughout the manufacturing process, from cell lysis to the final purified product. We found that the lysate and acidic samples (pH < 2) can lead to deviations. However, following sample pretreatment, C-tag quantification reduced the error to ≤ 4 %, which is potentially superior to current non-specific quantification methods such as UV absorbance and colorimetry. Implementing this method for in-process control and quantification throughout the manufacturing process achieves the reliable assessment of product quantity and quality. This method also offers improvements over the product-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay currently used for C-tagged products because it has a higher precision, accuracy and throughput, with a measurement time of 2.5 min per sample. Our analytical affinity chromatography method is therefore a valuable tool for the quantification of AMPs as part of a novel platform technology approach for C-tagged products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin A Lappöhn
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lea Maerz
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Robin Stei
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Linus G Weber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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17
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Ayswaria R, Vijayan J, Nathan VK. Antimicrobial peptides derived from microalgae for combating antibiotic resistance: Current status and prospects. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:142-151. [PMID: 36738178 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic cell factories that produce a spectrum of bioactive compounds extensively used for various applications. Owing to the increase in antibiotic resistance among microbial pathogens, there is a significant thrust for identifying new treatment strategies, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) generation is one such method. These AMPs have multiple roles and are active against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Such peptides synthesized in microalgae have a significant role in medical application, managing aquaculture-associated diseases, and the food industry. To increase their effectiveness and novel peptides, genetically modified microalgae are used as cell factories. With the advancement of new technologies like the CRISPR-Cas system, new avenues are opened for developing novel AMPs using microalgae. This review gives us insight into the various AMPs produced by microalgae and multiple technologies involved in creating such therapeutically essential molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Ayswaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Mercy College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Jasna Vijayan
- Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nathan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Tirumalaisamudram Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
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18
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Lei M, Trivedi VD, Nair NU, Lee K, Van Deventer JA. Flow cytometric evaluation of yeast-bacterial cell-cell interactions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:399-408. [PMID: 36259110 PMCID: PMC10072783 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cell-cell interaction systems can be useful for understanding multicellular communities or for screening binding molecules. We adapt a previously characterized set of synthetic cognate nanobody-antigen pairs to a yeast-bacteria coincubation format and use flow cytometry to evaluate cell-cell interactions mediated by binding between surface-displayed molecules. We further use fluorescence-activated cell sorting to enrich a specific yeast-displayed nanobody within a mixed yeast-display population. Finally, we demonstrate that this system supports the characterization of a therapeutically relevant nanobody-antigen interaction: a previously discovered nanobody that binds to the intimin protein expressed on the surface of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Overall, our findings indicate that the yeast-bacteria format supports efficient evaluation of ligand-target interactions. With further development, this format may facilitate systematic characterization and high-throughput discovery of bacterial surface-binding molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
| | - Vikas D. Trivedi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
| | - Nikhil U. Nair
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
| | - Kyongbum Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
| | - James A. Van Deventer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
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19
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Rosa S, Tagliani A, Bertaso C, Tadini L, Visentin C, Gourlay LJ, Pricl S, Feni L, Pellegrino S, Pesaresi P, Masiero S. The cyclic peptide G4CP2 enables the modulation of galactose metabolism in yeast by interfering with GAL4 transcriptional activity. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1017757. [PMID: 36936986 PMCID: PMC10014601 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1017757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically-encoded combinatorial peptide libraries are convenient tools to identify peptides to be used as therapeutics, antimicrobials and functional synthetic biology modules. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a cyclic peptide, G4CP2, that interferes with the GAL4 protein, a transcription factor responsible for the activation of galactose catabolism in yeast and widely exploited in molecular biology. G4CP2 was identified by screening CYCLIC, a Yeast Two-Hybrid-based combinatorial library of cyclic peptides developed in our laboratory. G4CP2 interferes with GAL4-mediated activation of galactose metabolic enzymes both when expressed intracellularly, as a recombinant peptide, and when provided exogenously, as a chemically-synthesized cyclic peptide. Our results support the application of G4CP2 in microbial biotechnology and, additionally, demonstrate that CYCLIC can be used as a tool for the rapid identification of peptides, virtually without any limitations with respect to the target protein. The possible biotechnological applications of cyclic peptides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rosa
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tagliani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bertaso
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Tadini
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Visentin
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@Units), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of General Biophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Lucia Feni
- DISFARM-Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- DISFARM-Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesaresi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simona Masiero,
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20
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Roca-Pinilla R, Lisowski L, Arís A, Garcia-Fruitós E. The future of recombinant host defense peptides. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:267. [PMID: 36544150 PMCID: PMC9768982 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance crisis calls for the discovery and production of new antimicrobials. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are small proteins with potent antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities that are attractive for translational applications, with several already under clinical trials. Traditionally, antimicrobial peptides have been produced by chemical synthesis, which is expensive and requires the use of toxic reagents, hindering the large-scale development of HDPs. Alternatively, HDPs can be produced recombinantly to overcome these limitations. Their antimicrobial nature, however, can make them toxic to the hosts of recombinant production. In this review we explore the different strategies that are used to fine-tune their activities, bioengineer them, and optimize the recombinant production of HDPs in various cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Roca-Pinilla
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XTranslational Vectorology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XTranslational Vectorology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia ,grid.415641.30000 0004 0620 0839Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Arís
- grid.8581.40000 0001 1943 6646Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries IRTA, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- grid.8581.40000 0001 1943 6646Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries IRTA, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
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21
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Expression strategies for the efficient synthesis of antimicrobial peptides in plastids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5856. [PMID: 36195597 PMCID: PMC9532397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) kill microbes or inhibit their growth and are promising next-generation antibiotics. Harnessing their full potential as antimicrobial agents will require methods for cost-effective large-scale production and purification. Here, we explore the possibility to exploit the high protein synthesis capacity of the chloroplast to produce AMPs in plants. Generating a large series of 29 sets of transplastomic tobacco plants expressing nine different AMPs as fusion proteins, we show that high-level constitutive AMP expression results in deleterious plant phenotypes. However, by utilizing inducible expression and fusions to the cleavable carrier protein SUMO, the cytotoxic effects of AMPs and fused AMPs are alleviated and plants with wild-type-like phenotypes are obtained. Importantly, purified AMP fusion proteins display antimicrobial activity independently of proteolytic removal of the carrier. Our work provides expression strategies for the synthesis of toxic polypeptides in chloroplasts, and establishes transplastomic plants as efficient production platform for antimicrobial peptides.
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22
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Grogan C, Bennett M, Lampe DJ. An evaluation of fusion partner proteins for paratransgenesis in Asaia bogorensis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273568. [PMID: 36048823 PMCID: PMC9436115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit many pathogens responsible for human diseases, such as malaria which is caused by parasites in the genus Plasmodium. Current strategies to control vector-transmitted diseases are increasingly undermined by mosquito and pathogen resistance, so additional methods of control are required. Paratransgenesis is a method whereby symbiotic bacteria are genetically modified to affect the mosquito’s phenotype by engineering them to deliver effector molecules into the midgut to kill parasites. One paratransgenesis candidate is Asaia bogorensis, a Gram-negative bacterium colonizing the midgut, ovaries, and salivary glands of Anopheles sp. mosquitoes. Previously, engineered Asaia strains using native signals to drive the release of the antimicrobial peptide, scorpine, fused to alkaline phosphatase were successful in significantly suppressing the number of oocysts formed after a blood meal containing P. berghei. However, these strains saw high fitness costs associated with the production of the recombinant protein. Here, we report evaluation of five different partner proteins fused to scorpine that were evaluated for effects on the growth and fitness of the transgenic bacteria. Three of the new partner proteins resulted in significant levels of protein released from the Asaia bacterium while also significantly reducing the prevalence of mosquitoes infected with P. berghei. Two partners performed as well as the previously tested Asaia strain that used alkaline phosphatase in the fitness analyses, but neither exceeded it. It may be that there is a maximum level of fitness and parasite inhibition that can be achieved with scorpine being driven constitutively, and that use of a Plasmodium specific effector molecule in place of scorpine would help to mitigate the stress on the symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Grogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Marissa Bennett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - David J. Lampe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Parchebafi A, Tamanaee F, Ehteram H, Ahmad E, Nikzad H, Haddad Kashani H. The dual interaction of antimicrobial peptides on bacteria and cancer cells; mechanism of action and therapeutic strategies of nanostructures. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:118. [PMID: 35717207 PMCID: PMC9206340 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection and cancer are two leading causes of global mortality. Discovering and developing new therapeutics with better specificity having minimal side-effects and no drug resistance are of an immense need. In this regard, cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMP) with dual antimicrobial and anticancer activities are the ultimate choice. For better efficacy and improved stability, the AMPs available for treatment still required to be modified. There are several strategies in which AMPs can be enhanced through, for instance, nano-carrier application with high selectivity and specificity enables researchers to estimate the rate of drug delivery to a particular tissue. In this review we present the biology and modes of action of AMPs for both anticancer and antimicrobial activities as well as some modification strategies to improve the efficacy and selectivity of these AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Parchebafi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Tamanaee
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ehteram
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Li X, Jiang Y, Lin Y. Production of antimicrobial peptide arasin-like Sp in Escherichia coli via an ELP-intein self-cleavage system. J Biotechnol 2022; 347:49-55. [PMID: 35240202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health threat to both humans and animals. There is an urgent need for antimicrobial agents with novel modes of action. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity become the ideal alternative to traditional antibiotics. Here, the ELP-intein self-cleavage system was used to produce antimicrobial peptide arasin-likeSp in Escherichia coli. The tagged target protein (ELP-intein-arasin-likeSp) was mainly expressed in soluble, separated from cell lysates by the inverse transition cycling (ITC), and the arasin-likeSp was further purified by the self-cleavage of intein and the second round of ITC. The final yield of arasin-likeSp was about 3.56 mg/L. Purified arasin-likeSp exhibited significant antibacterial activities against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Vibrio harveyi bacteria. FE-SEM and PI staining analysis revealed that the arasin-likeSp treatment altered the morphology and membrane permeability of Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio harveyi. Collectively, these data suggest that arasin-likeSp is a candidate AMP for effective inhibition of Vibrio harveyi, a significant bacterial pathogen infecting marine fish and invertebrates. The ELP-intein self-cleavage system described here is a low-cost, simple and potential method for producing antimicrobial peptides, which lays foundations for the large-scale production of antimicrobial peptides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Ying Lin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
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25
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Structural and Functional Characterization of a Novel Recombinant Antimicrobial Peptide from Hermetia illucens. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 44:1-13. [PMID: 35723380 PMCID: PMC8929087 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly used to treat pathogenic bacteria, but their prolonged use contributes to the development and spread of drug-resistant microorganisms raising the challenge to find new alternative drugs. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small/medium molecules ranging 10–60 residues synthesized by all living organisms and playing important roles in the defense systems. These features, together with the inability of microorganisms to develop resistance against the majority of AMPs, suggest that these molecules might represent effective alternatives to classical antibiotics. Because of their high biodiversity, with over one million described species, and their ability to live in hostile environments, insects represent the largest source of these molecules. However, production of insect AMPs in native forms is challenging. In this work we investigate a defensin-like antimicrobial peptide identified in the Hermetia illucens insect through a combination of transcriptomics and bioinformatics approaches. The C-15867 AMP was produced by recombinant DNA technology as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion peptide and purified by affinity chromatography. The free peptide was then obtained by thrombin proteolysis and structurally characterized by mass spectrometry and circular dichroism analyses. The antibacterial activity of the C-15867 peptide was evaluated in vivo by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, crystal violet assays and SEM analyses suggested disruption of the cell membrane architecture and pore formation with leaking of cytosolic material.
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26
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Antifungal Peptides and Proteins to Control Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413261. [PMID: 34948059 PMCID: PMC8703302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global challenge to prevent fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination on food and feed requires the development of new antifungal strategies. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) with antifungal activity are gaining much interest as natural antifungal compounds due to their properties such as structure diversity and function, antifungal spectrum, mechanism of action, high stability and the availability of biotechnological production methods. Given their multistep mode of action, the development of fungal resistance to AMPs is presumed to be slow or delayed compared to conventional fungicides. Interestingly, AMPs also accomplish important biological functions other than antifungal activity, including anti-mycotoxin biosynthesis activity, which opens novel aspects for their future use in agriculture and food industry to fight mycotoxin contamination. AMPs can reach intracellular targets and exert their activity by mechanisms other than membrane permeabilization. The mechanisms through which AMPs affect mycotoxin production are varied and complex, ranging from oxidative stress to specific inhibition of enzymatic components of mycotoxin biosynthetic pathways. This review presents natural and synthetic antifungal AMPs from different origins which are effective against mycotoxin-producing fungi, and aims at summarizing current knowledge concerning their additional effects on mycotoxin biosynthesis. Antifungal AMPs properties and mechanisms of action are also discussed.
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Evaluation the Therapeutic Index of Recombinant Antimicrobial S3 Tetramer-Peptides Expressed in E. coli. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Amador VC, dos Santos-Silva CA, Vilela LMB, Oliveira-Lima M, de Santana Rêgo M, Roldan-Filho RS, de Oliveira-Silva RL, Lemos AB, de Oliveira WD, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Crovella S, Benko-Iseppon AM. Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs)-Structure, Diversity and Roles beyond Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1281. [PMID: 34827219 PMCID: PMC8615156 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are among the most promising plant-exclusive antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). They figure among the most challenging AMPs from the point of view of their structural diversity, functions and biotechnological applications. This review presents a current picture of the LTP research, addressing not only their structural, evolutionary and further predicted functional aspects. Traditionally, LTPs have been identified by their direct isolation by biochemical techniques, whereas omics data and bioinformatics deserve special attention for their potential to bring new insights. In this context, new possible functions have been identified revealing that LTPs are actually multipurpose, with many additional predicted roles. Despite some challenges due to the toxicity and allergenicity of LTPs, a systematic review and search in patent databases, indicate promising perspectives for the biotechnological use of LTPs in human health and also plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Costa Amador
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Carlos André dos Santos-Silva
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Lívia Maria Batista Vilela
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Marx Oliveira-Lima
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Mireli de Santana Rêgo
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Ricardo Salas Roldan-Filho
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Roberta Lane de Oliveira-Silva
- General Microbiology Laboratory, Agricultural Science Campus, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56300-990, Brazil;
| | - Ayug Bezerra Lemos
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Wilson Dias de Oliveira
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - José Ribamar Costa Ferreira-Neto
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Sérgio Crovella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 1883, Qatar;
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
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Jiang DL, Yao CL, Hu NJ, Liu YC. Construction of a Tandem Repeat Peptide Sequence with Pepsin Cutting Sites to Produce Recombinant α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206207. [PMID: 34684787 PMCID: PMC8541268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a peptide hormone composed of 13 amino acids, is attempted by recombinant expression using E. coli as the host. To achieve this aim, a synthetic gene containing eight tandem repeats of msh gene (8msh) was designed for ribosomal synthesis of 8 α-MSH. The merit of the strategy is to diminish the peptide toxicity against the host cell and to achieve a higher production yield. Pepsin cleavage sites are introduced between the peptides for enzymatic proteolysis to obtain the monomeric peptide of α-MSH. The constructed plasmid was transformed into different strains of E. coli hosts, and E. coli XL1-Blue with gene 8msh revealed the highest yield of 8 α-MSH. Although 8 α-MSH was fractionalized in the insoluble pellets after cell lysis, pepsin cleavage was able to produce soluble α-MSH peptide, as analyzed and confirmed by mass spectrometry and peptide activity assays. The production of α-MSH was quantified using HPLC with a yield of 42.9 mg/L of LB culture. This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing α-MSH using recombinant expression of tandem repeat gene. The production procedure involves minimal post-treatment and processing and can be scaled up for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Lin Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Nien-Jen Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (N.-J.H.); (Y.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-(0)4-2285-3769 (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Yung-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (N.-J.H.); (Y.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-(0)4-2285-3769 (Y.-C.L.)
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30
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Erdem Büyükkiraz M, Kesmen Z. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): A promising class of antimicrobial compounds. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1573-1596. [PMID: 34606679 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are compounds, which have inhibitory activity against microorganisms. In the last decades, AMPs have become powerful alternative agents that have met the need for novel anti-infectives to overcome increasing antibiotic resistance problems. Moreover, recent epidemics and pandemics are increasing the popularity of AMPs, due to the urgent necessity for effective antimicrobial agents in combating the new emergence of microbial diseases. AMPs inhibit a wide range of microorganisms through diverse and special mechanisms by targeting mainly cell membranes or specific intracellular components. In addition to extraction from natural sources, AMPs are produced in various hosts using recombinant methods. More recently, the synthetic analogues of AMPs, designed with some modifications, are predicted to overcome the limitations of stability, toxicity and activity associated with natural AMPs. AMPs have potential applications as antimicrobial agents in food, agriculture, environment, animal husbandry and pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we have provided an overview of the structure, classification and mechanism of action of AMPs, as well as discussed opportunities for their current and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Erdem Büyükkiraz
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cappadocia University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Zülal Kesmen
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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31
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Pereira AM, da Costa A, Dias SC, Casal M, Machado R. Production and Purification of Two Bioactive Antimicrobial Peptides Using a Two-Step Approach Involving an Elastin-Like Fusion Tag. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:956. [PMID: 34681180 PMCID: PMC8541314 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing global threat, demanding new therapeutic biomolecules against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for a new generation of antibiotics, but their potential application is still in its infancy, mostly due to limitations associated with large-scale production. The use of recombinant DNA technology for the production of AMPs fused with polymer tags presents the advantage of high-yield production and cost-efficient purification processes at high recovery rates. Owing to their unique properties, we explored the use of an elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) as a fusion partner for the production and isolation of two different AMPs (ABP-CM4 and Synoeca-MP), with an interspacing formic acid cleavage site. Recombinant AMP-ELR proteins were overproduced in Escherichia coli and efficiently purified by temperature cycles. The introduction of a formic acid cleavage site allowed the isolation of AMPs, resorting to a two-step methodology involving temperature cycles and a simple size-exclusion purification step. This simple and easy-to-implement purification method was demonstrated to result in high recovery rates of bioactive AMPs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the free AMPs was determined against seven different bacteria of clinical relevance (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two Burkholderia cenocepacia strains), in accordance with the EUCAST/CLSI antimicrobial susceptibility testing standards. All the bacterial strains (except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were demonstrated to be susceptible to ABP-CM4, including a resistant Burkholderia cenocepacia clinical strain. As for Synoeca-MP, although it did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Klebsiella pneumoniae, it was demonstrated to be highly active against the remaining bacteria. The present work provides the basis for the development of an efficient and up-scalable biotechnological platform for the production and purification of active AMPs against clinically relevant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Pereira
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (A.d.C.); (M.C.)
- IB-S (Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - André da Costa
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (A.d.C.); (M.C.)
- IB-S (Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, UCB-Brasilia, SGAN 916, Modulo B, Bloco C, Brasília 70790-160, Brazil;
- Animal Biology Department, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Margarida Casal
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (A.d.C.); (M.C.)
- IB-S (Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Raul Machado
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (A.d.C.); (M.C.)
- IB-S (Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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32
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Bolosov IA, Panteleev PV, Sychev SV, Sukhanov SV, Mironov PA, Myshkin MY, Shenkarev ZO, Ovchinnikova TV. Dodecapeptide Cathelicidins of Cetartiodactyla: Structure, Mechanism of Antimicrobial Action, and Synergistic Interaction With Other Cathelicidins. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:725526. [PMID: 34484167 PMCID: PMC8415029 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.725526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, dodecapeptide cathelicidins were shown to be widespread antimicrobial peptides among the Cetruminantia clade. In particular, we investigated the dodecapeptide from the domestic goat Capra hircus, designated as ChDode and its unique ortholog from the sperm whale Physeter catodon (PcDode). ChDode contains two cysteine residues, while PcDode consists of two dodecapeptide building blocks and contains four cysteine residues. The recombinant analogs of the peptides were obtained by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli cells. The structures of the peptides were studied by circular dichroism (CD), FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that PcDode adopts a β-hairpin structure in water and resembles β-hairpin antimicrobial peptides, while ChDode forms a β-structural antiparallel covalent dimer, stabilized by two intermonomer disulfide bonds. Both peptides reveal a significant right-handed twist about 200 degrees per 8 residues. In DPC micelles ChDode forms flat β-structural tetramers by antiparallel non-covalent association of the dimers. The tetramers incorporate into the micelles in transmembrane orientation. Incorporation into the micelles and dimerization significantly diminished the amplitude of backbone motions of ChDode at the picosecond-nanosecond timescale. When interacting with negatively charged membranes containing phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), the ChDode peptide adopted similar oligomeric structure and was capable to form ion-conducting pores without membrane lysis. Despite modest antibacterial activity of ChDode, a considerable synergistic effect of this peptide in combination with another goat cathelicidin – the α-helical peptide ChMAP-28 was observed. This effect is based on an increase in permeability of bacterial membranes. In turn, this mechanism can lead to an increase in the efficiency of the combined action of the synergistic pair ChMAP-28 with the Pro-rich peptide mini-ChBac7.5Nα targeting the bacterial ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia A Bolosov
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V Panteleev
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Sergei V Sychev
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav V Sukhanov
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A Mironov
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Myshkin
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zakhar O Shenkarev
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Ovchinnikova
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Mejía-Pitta A, Broset E, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Probiotic engineering strategies for the heterologous production of antimicrobial peptides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113863. [PMID: 34273423 PMCID: PMC8440409 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Engineered probiotic bacteria represent an innovative approach for treating and detecting a wide range of diseases including those caused by infectious agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics for combating antibiotic-resistant infections. These molecules can be delivered orally to the gut by using engineered probiotics, which confer protection against AMP degradation, thus enabling numerous applications including treating drug-resistant enteric pathogens and remodeling the microbiota in real time. Here, we provide an update on the current state of the art on AMP-producing probiotics, discuss methods to enhance gut colonization, and end by outlining future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mejía-Pitta
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Esther Broset
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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Antimicrobial Peptides from Plants: A cDNA-Library Based Isolation, Purification, Characterization Approach and Elucidating Their Modes of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168712. [PMID: 34445412 PMCID: PMC8395713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Even in a natural ecosystem, plants are continuously threatened by various microbial diseases. To save themselves from these diverse infections, plants build a robust, multilayered immune system through their natural chemical compounds. Among the several crucial bioactive compounds possessed by plants’ immune systems, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) rank in the first tier. These AMPs are environmentally friendly, anti-pathogenic, and do not bring harm to humans. Antimicrobial peptides can be isolated in several ways, but recombinant protein production has become increasingly popular in recent years, with the Escherichia coli expression system being the most widely used. However, the efficacy of this expression system is compromised due to the difficulty of removing endotoxin from its system. Therefore, this review suggests a high-throughput cDNA library-based plant-derived AMP isolation technique using the Bacillus subtilis expression system. This method can be performed for large-scale screening of plant sources to classify unique or homologous AMPs for the agronomic and applied field of plant studies. Furthermore, this review also focuses on the efficacy of plant AMPs, which are dependent on their numerous modes of action and exceptional structural stability to function against a wide range of invaders. To conclude, the findings from this study will be useful in investigating how novel AMPs are distributed among plants and provide detailed guidelines for an effective screening strategy of AMPs.
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Gan BH, Gaynord J, Rowe SM, Deingruber T, Spring DR. The multifaceted nature of antimicrobial peptides: current synthetic chemistry approaches and future directions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7820-7880. [PMID: 34042120 PMCID: PMC8689412 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00729c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections caused by 'superbugs' are increasing globally, and conventional antibiotics are becoming less effective against these bacteria, such that we risk entering a post-antibiotic era. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained significant attention for their clinical potential as a new class of antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we discuss several facets of AMPs including their diversity, physicochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and effects of environmental factors on these features. This review outlines various chemical synthetic strategies that have been applied to develop novel AMPs, including chemical modifications of existing peptides, semi-synthesis, and computer-aided design. We will also highlight novel AMP structures, including hybrids, antimicrobial dendrimers and polypeptides, peptidomimetics, and AMP-drug conjugates and consider recent developments in their chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ha Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Josephine Gaynord
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Sam M Rowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Tomas Deingruber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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Ajingi YS, Rukying N, Aroonsri A, Jongruja N. Recombinant active Peptides and their Therapeutic functions. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:645-663. [PMID: 34225618 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210702123934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant active peptides are utilized as diagnostic and biotherapeutics in various maladies and as bacterial growth inhibitors in the food industry. This consequently stimulated the need for recombinant peptides' production, which resulted in about 19 approved biotech peptides of 1-100 amino acids commercially available. While most peptides have been produced by chemical synthesis, the production of lengthy and complicated peptides comprising natural amino acids has been problematic with low quantity. Recombinant peptide production has become very vital, cost-effective, simple, environmentally friendly with satisfactory yields. Several reviews have focused on discussing expression systems, advantages, disadvantages, and alternatives strategies. Additionally, the information on the antimicrobial activities and other functions of multiple recombinant peptides is challenging to access and is scattered in literature apart from the food and drug administration (FDA) approved ones. From the reports that come to our knowledge, there is no existing review that offers substantial information on recombinant active peptides developed by researchers and their functions. This review provides an overview of some successfully produced recombinant active peptides of ≤100 amino acids by focusing on their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, antimalarial, and immune-modulatory functions. It also elucidates their modes of expression that could be adopted and applied in future investigations. We expect that the knowledge available in this review would help researchers involved in recombinant active peptide development for therapeutic uses and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'u Sabo Ajingi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok. Thailand
| | - Neeranuch Rukying
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kano University of Science and Technology (KUST), Wudil. Nigeria
| | - Aiyada Aroonsri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani. Thailand
| | - Nujarin Jongruja
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kano University of Science and Technology (KUST), Wudil. Nigeria
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Shanmugaraj B, Bulaon CJI, Malla A, Phoolcharoen W. Biotechnological Insights on the Expression and Production of Antimicrobial Peptides in Plants. Molecules 2021; 26:4032. [PMID: 34279372 PMCID: PMC8272150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens poses a serious critical threat to global public health and requires immediate action. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of short peptides ubiquitously found in all living forms, including plants, insects, mammals, microorganisms and play a significant role in host innate immune system. These peptides are considered as promising candidates to treat microbial infections due to its distinct advantages over conventional antibiotics. Given their potent broad spectrum of antimicrobial action, several AMPs are currently being evaluated in preclinical/clinical trials. However, large quantities of highly purified AMPs are vital for basic research and clinical settings which is still a major bottleneck hindering its application. This can be overcome by genetic engineering approaches to produce sufficient amount of diverse peptides in heterologous host systems. Recently plants are considered as potential alternatives to conventional protein production systems such as microbial and mammalian platforms due to their unique advantages such as rapidity, scalability and safety. In addition, AMPs can also be utilized for development of novel approaches for plant protection thereby increasing the crop yield. Hence, in order to provide a spotlight for the expression of AMP in plants for both clinical or agricultural use, the present review presents the importance of AMPs and efforts aimed at producing recombinant AMPs in plants for molecular farming and plant protection so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Joy I Bulaon
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Blancas B, Lanzagorta MDL, Jiménez‐Garcia LF, Lara R, Molinari JL, Fernández AM. Study of the ultrastructure of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans incubated with salivary antimicrobial peptides. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:365-375. [PMID: 33951334 PMCID: PMC8204031 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enterococcus faecalis has been associated with root canal infections, while Streptococcus mutans has a central role in the etiology of dental caries. One of the main reasons of endodontic failure has been associated to the presence of E. faecalis and the formation of biofilms. S. mutans inhabits the oral cavity, specifically the dental plaque, which is a multispecies biofilm formed on the hard surfaces of the tooth. The biofilm formation is the main factor determining the pathogenicity of numerous bacteria. Natural antimicrobial peptides in the saliva protect against pathogenic bacteria and biofilms. The aim of this study was to assess the ultrastructural damage induced by salivary peptides in bacteria involved in biofilms has not been previously studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Enterococcus faecalis and S. mutans incubated with cystatin C, chromogranin A, or histatin 5 were morphologically analyzed and counted. The ultrastructural damage was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS A decrease in bacterial numbers was observed after incubation with cystatin C, chromogranin A, or histatin 5, compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Ultrastructural damage in E. faecalis and S. mutans incubated with salivary peptides was found in the cell wall, plasma membrane with a decreased distance between the bilayers, a granular pattern in the cytoplasm, and pyknotic nucleoids. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that salivary peptides exert antibacterial activity and induce morphological damage on E. faecalis and S. mutans. Knowledge on the ultrastructural damage inflicted by salivary antimicrobial peptides on two important bacteria causing dental caries and root canal infections could aid the design of new therapeutic approaches to facilitate the elimination of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Blancas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaCol. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Luis Felipe Jiménez‐Garcia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de CienciasUNAM, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Reyna Lara
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de CienciasUNAM, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - José Luis Molinari
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología EstructuralInstituto de Fisiología Celular, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Ana María Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaCol. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Odontologia Dr. Yury Kuttler, Maestria en EndodonciaMexico CityMexico
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCSUniversidad Anáhuac México Campus NorteHuixquilucanMexico
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Fricke PM, Klemm A, Bott M, Polen T. On the way toward regulatable expression systems in acetic acid bacteria: target gene expression and use cases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3423-3456. [PMID: 33856535 PMCID: PMC8102297 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are valuable biocatalysts for which there is growing interest in understanding their basics including physiology and biochemistry. This is accompanied by growing demands for metabolic engineering of AAB to take advantage of their properties and to improve their biomanufacturing efficiencies. Controlled expression of target genes is key to fundamental and applied microbiological research. In order to get an overview of expression systems and their applications in AAB, we carried out a comprehensive literature search using the Web of Science Core Collection database. The Acetobacteraceae family currently comprises 49 genera. We found overall 6097 publications related to one or more AAB genera since 1973, when the first successful recombinant DNA experiments in Escherichia coli have been published. The use of plasmids in AAB began in 1985 and till today was reported for only nine out of the 49 AAB genera currently described. We found at least five major expression plasmid lineages and a multitude of further expression plasmids, almost all enabling only constitutive target gene expression. Only recently, two regulatable expression systems became available for AAB, an N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-inducible system for Komagataeibacter rhaeticus and an L-arabinose-inducible system for Gluconobacter oxydans. Thus, after 35 years of constitutive target gene expression in AAB, we now have the first regulatable expression systems for AAB in hand and further regulatable expression systems for AAB can be expected. KEY POINTS: • Literature search revealed developments and usage of expression systems in AAB. • Only recently 2 regulatable plasmid systems became available for only 2 AAB genera. • Further regulatable expression systems for AAB are in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Moritz Fricke
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Angelika Klemm
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tino Polen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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40
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Seyedjavadi SS, Khani S, Amani J, Halabian R, Goudarzi M, Hosseini HM, Eslamifar A, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Imani Fooladi AA, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Design, Dimerization, and Recombinant Production of MCh-AMP1-Derived Peptide in Escherichia coli and Evaluation of Its Antifungal Activity and Cytotoxicity. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:638595. [PMID: 37744143 PMCID: PMC10512307 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.638595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Fungal species resistant to current antifungal agents are considered as a serious threat to human health, the dilemma that has dragged attentions toward other sources of antifungals such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In order to improve biological activity of a recently described antifungal peptide MCh-AMP1 from Matricaria chamomilla flowers, MCh-AMP1dimer (DiMCh-AMP1), containing 61 amino acid residues connected by flexible linker (GPDGSGPDESGPDES), was designed and expressed in Escherichia coli, and its structure was analyzed using bioinformatics tools. DiMCh-AMP1 synthetic gene was cloned into pET-28a expression vector, which was then used to transform E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain. His-tag purification was achieved using metal-chelate affinity chromatography. Because there is no methionine residue in the DiMCh-AMP1 sequence, cyanogen bromide was successfully used to separate the target product from the tag. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used as the final step of purification. Results showed that recombinant peptide was produced in considerable amounts (0.9 mg/L) with improved antifungal activity toward both yeasts and molds compared to its monomeric counterpart. The minimum inhibition concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values of DiMCh-AMP1 against Candida and Aspergillus species were reported in the range of 1.67-6.66 μM and 3.33-26.64 μM, respectively. Our results showed that while antifungal activity of dimerized peptide was improved considerably, its cytotoxicity was decreased, implying that DiMCh-AMP1 could be a potential candidate to design an effective antifungal agent against pathogenic yeasts and molds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soghra Khani
- Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Eslamifar
- Department of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yurkova MS, Sadykhov EG, Fedorov AN. Production of a toxic polypeptide as a fusion inside GroEL cavity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21024. [PMID: 33273609 PMCID: PMC7713045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The system is developed for efficient biosynthetic production of difficult-to-express polypeptides. A target polypeptide is produced fused into T. thermophilus GroEL chaperonin polypeptide chain in such a way that it is presented inside the GroEL cavity near the substrate binding surface. Such presentation allows alleviating potential problems of instability, toxicity or hydrophobicity of the fused peptide. Thermostability of thermophilic GroEL can be used for its one-step separation from the host cell proteins by heating. The target polypeptide may be released by any of amino acid-specific chemical treatments. In this study, GroEL was adapted for methionine-specific cleavage with cyanogen bromide by total replacement of methionine residues to facilitate further purification of the target polypeptide. The procedure is simple, robust and easy to scale-up. The capacity of this system to produce difficult-to-express polypeptides is demonstrated by production in bacterial system of one of the most potent antibacterial peptides polyphemusin I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Yurkova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Elchin G Sadykhov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Alexey N Fedorov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, Russia, 119071.
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Expression and Functional Characterization of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide: Human Beta-Defensin 118. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1395304. [PMID: 33224970 PMCID: PMC7673234 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1395304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose β-Defensin 118 (DEFB118) is a novel host defense peptide (HDP) identified in humans. To evaluate its potentials for future utilization, the DEFB118 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the recombinant protein was fully characterized. Methods The DEFB118 protein was obtained by heterologous expression using E. coli Rosetta (DE3). Antibacterial activity of DEFB118 was determined by using various bacterial strains. IPEC-J cells challenged by E. coli K88 were used to determine its influences on inflammatory responses. Results The E. coli transformants yielded more than 250 μg/mL DEFB118 protein after 4 h induction by 1.0 mM IPTG. The DEFB118 was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be 30 kDa, and MALDI-TOF analysis verified that it is a human β-defensin 118. Importantly, the DEFB118 showed antimicrobial activities against both Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli K88 and E. coli DH5α) and Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/mL. Hemolytic assays showed that DEFB118 had no detrimental impact on cell viability. Additionally, DEFB118 was found to elevate the viability of IPEC-J2 cells upon E. coli K88 challenge. Moreover, DEFB118 significantly decreased cell apoptosis in the late apoptosis phase and downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α in IPEC-J2 cell exposure to E. coli K88. Conclusions These results suggested a novel function of the mammalian defensins, and the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of DEFB118 may allow it as a potential substitute for conventionally used antibiotics or drugs.
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Lei Y, Qiu R, Shen Y, Zhou Y, Cao Z, Sun Y. Molecular characterization and antibacterial immunity functional analysis of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) gene in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:833-843. [PMID: 32891790 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) is a member of the antimicrobial peptides family. Research has demonstrated that LEAP-2 contains a number of cations and plays a key role in the innate immune system of organism. In this study, we cloned and identified TroLEAP-2, from the golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), and analyzed its functions in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that TroLEAP-2 contains a 321 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes 106 putative amino acids with a molecular weight of 11.65 kDa. The mature TroLEAP-2 peptide possesses four conserved cysteine residues, which can form a core structure with two disulfide bonds between the cysteine residues in the relative 1-3 (Cys 77 and Cys 88) and 2-4 (Cys 83 and Cys 93) positions. It has a high amino acid sequence similarity (38.68%-83.02%) with the liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide -2 of other teleosts. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TroLEAP-2 clustered with the LEAP-2 of Paralichthys olivaceus and Miichthy milluy. TroLEAP-2 was most abundantly expressed in the liver, spleen, and kidney, and was significantly upregulated during Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus agalactiae infection. Purified recombinant TroLEAP-2 (rTroLEAP-2) could significantly inhibit the in vitro growth of E. tarda and S. agalactiae. Overexpression of TroLEAP-2 in vivo was shown to significantly reduce E. tarda and S. agalactiae colonization of tissues, whereas its knockdown resulted in an increase of bacteria in fish tissues. We also saw that TroLEAP-2 overexpression significantly improved macrophage activation in vivo. Moreover, TroLEAP-2 can induce the expression of nonspecific immune-related genes. These results showed that it might play a significant role in the innate immune system of golden pompano. In conclusion, our results indicate that TroLEAP-2 plays an important role in antibacterial immunity and provides a new avenue for protection against pathogenic infections in golden pompano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Reng Qiu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China.
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Huan Y, Kong Q, Mou H, Yi H. Antimicrobial Peptides: Classification, Design, Application and Research Progress in Multiple Fields. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:582779. [PMID: 33178164 PMCID: PMC7596191 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of small peptides that widely exist in nature and they are an important part of the innate immune system of different organisms. AMPs have a wide range of inhibitory effects against bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and the increasing of concerns about the use of antibiotics resulted in the development of AMPs, which have a good application prospect in medicine, food, animal husbandry, agriculture and aquaculture. This review introduces the progress of research on AMPs comprehensively and systematically, including their classification, mechanism of action, design methods, environmental factors affecting their activity, application status, prospects in various fields and problems to be solved. The research progress on antivirus peptides, especially anti-coronavirus (COVID-19) peptides, has been introduced given the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Fischer NG, Münchow EA, Tamerler C, Bottino MC, Aparicio C. Harnessing biomolecules for bioinspired dental biomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8713-8747. [PMID: 32747882 PMCID: PMC7544669 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental clinicians have relied for centuries on traditional dental materials (polymers, ceramics, metals, and composites) to restore oral health and function to patients. Clinical outcomes for many crucial dental therapies remain poor despite many decades of intense research on these materials. Recent attention has been paid to biomolecules as a chassis for engineered preventive, restorative, and regenerative approaches in dentistry. Indeed, biomolecules represent a uniquely versatile and precise tool to enable the design and development of bioinspired multifunctional dental materials to spur advancements in dentistry. In this review, we survey the range of biomolecules that have been used across dental biomaterials. Our particular focus is on the key biological activity imparted by each biomolecule toward prevention of dental and oral diseases as well as restoration of oral health. Additional emphasis is placed on the structure-function relationships between biomolecules and their biological activity, the unique challenges of each clinical condition, limitations of conventional therapies, and the advantages of each class of biomolecule for said challenge. Biomaterials for bone regeneration are not reviewed as numerous existing reviews on the topic have been recently published. We conclude our narrative review with an outlook on the future of biomolecules in dental biomaterials and potential avenues of innovation for biomaterial-based patient oral care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Fischer
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-250A Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Fricke PM, Link T, Gätgens J, Sonntag C, Otto M, Bott M, Polen T. A tunable L-arabinose-inducible expression plasmid for the acetic acid bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9267-9282. [PMID: 32974745 PMCID: PMC7567684 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The acetic acid bacterium (AAB) Gluconobacter oxydans incompletely oxidizes a wide variety of carbohydrates and is therefore used industrially for oxidative biotransformations. For G. oxydans, no system was available that allows regulatable plasmid-based expression. We found that the l-arabinose-inducible PBAD promoter and the transcriptional regulator AraC from Escherichia coli MC4100 performed very well in G. oxydans. The respective pBBR1-based plasmids showed very low basal expression of the reporters β-glucuronidase and mNeonGreen, up to 480-fold induction with 1% l-arabinose, and tunability from 0.1 to 1% l-arabinose. In G. oxydans 621H, l-arabinose was oxidized by the membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase, which is absent in the multi-deletion strain BP.6. Nevertheless, AraC-PBAD performed similar in both strains in the exponential phase, indicating that a gene knockout is not required for application of AraC-PBAD in wild-type G. oxydans strains. However, the oxidation product arabinonic acid strongly contributed to the acidification of the growth medium in 621H cultures during the stationary phase, which resulted in drastically decreased reporter activities in 621H (pH 3.3) but not in BP.6 cultures (pH 4.4). These activities could be strongly increased quickly solely by incubating stationary cells in d-mannitol-free medium adjusted to pH 6, indicating that the reporters were hardly degraded yet rather became inactive. In a pH-controlled bioreactor, these reporter activities remained high in the stationary phase (pH 6). Finally, we created a multiple cloning vector with araC-PBAD based on pBBR1MCS-5. Together, we demonstrated superior functionality and good tunability of an AraC-PBAD system in G. oxydans that could possibly also be used in other AAB. Key points • We found the AraC-PBADsystem from E. coli MC4100 was well tunable in G. oxydans. • In the absence of AraC orl-arabinose, expression from PBADwas extremely low. • This araC-PBADsystem could also be fully functional in other acetic acid bacteria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00253-020-10905-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Moritz Fricke
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Link
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jochem Gätgens
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christiane Sonntag
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Maike Otto
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tino Polen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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Skalska J, Andrade VM, Cena GL, Harvey PJ, Gaspar D, Mello ÉO, Henriques ST, Valle J, Gomes VM, Conceição K, Castanho MARB, Andreu D. Synthesis, Structure, and Activity of the Antifungal Plant Defensin PvD 1. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9391-9402. [PMID: 32787086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Available treatments for invasive fungal infections have limitations, including toxicity and the emergence of resistant strains. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative solutions. Because of their unique mode of action and high selectivity, plant defensins (PDs) are worthy therapeutic candidates. Chemical synthesis remains a preferred method for the production of many peptide-based therapeutics. Given the relatively long sequence of PDs, as well as their complicated posttranslational modifications, the synthetic route can be considered challenging. Here, we describe a total synthesis of PvD1, the defensin from the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris. Analytical, structural, and functional characterization revealed that both natural and synthetic peptides fold into a canonical CSαβ motif stabilized by conserved disulfide bonds. Moreover, synthetic PvD1 retained the biological activity against four different Candida species and showed no toxicity in vivo. Adding the high resistance of synthetic PvD1 to proteolytic degradation, we claim that conditions are now met to consider PDs druggable biologicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Skalska
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vitor M Andrade
- Laboratório de Bioquı́mica de Peptı́deos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle L Cena
- Laboratório de Bioquı́mica de Peptı́deos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Peta J Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Érica O Mello
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquı́mica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologı́a, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sónia T Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Javier Valle
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valdirene M Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquı́mica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologı́a, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia Conceição
- Laboratório de Bioquı́mica de Peptı́deos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Liu YX, Li ZF, Lv YJ, Dong B, Fan ZC. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii-expressed multimer of Bacteriocin LS2 potently inhibits the growth of bacteria. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Bagheri M, Nikolenko H, Arasteh S, Rezaei N, Behzadi M, Dathe M, Hancock REW. Bacterial Aggregation Triggered by Fibril Forming Tryptophan-Rich Sequences: Effects of Peptide Side Chain and Membrane Phospholipids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26852-26867. [PMID: 32422035 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of side chain residue and phospholipid characteristics of the cytoplasmic membrane upon the fibrillation and bacterial aggregation of arginine (Arg) and tryptophan (Trp) rich antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has not been well described to date. Here, we utilized the structural advantages of HHC-10 and 4HarHHC-10 (Har, l-homoarginine) that are highly active Trp-rich AMPs and investigated their fibril formation and activity behavior against bacteria. The peptides revealed time-dependent self-assembly of polyproline II (PPII) α-helices, but by comparison, 4HarHHC-10 tended to form higher ordered fibrils due to relatively strong cation-π stacking of Trp with Har residue. Both peptides rapidly killed S. aureus and E. coli at their MICs and caused aggregation of bacteria at higher concentrations. This bacterial aggregation was accompanied by the formation of morphologically distinct electron-dense nanostructures, likely including but not limited to peptides alone. Both HHC-10-derived peptides caused blebs and buds in the E. coli membrane that are rich in POPE phospholipid that promotes negative curvature. However, the main population of S. aureus cells retained their cocci structure upon treatment with HHC peptides even at concentration higher than the MICs. In contrast, the cell aggregation was not induced by HHC fibrils that were most likely stabilized through intra-/intermolecular cation-π stacking. It is proposed that masking of these interactions might have resulted in diminished membrane association/insertion of the HHC nanostructures. The peptides caused aggregation of POPC/POPG (1/3) and POPE/POPG (3/1) liposomes. Nonetheless, disaggregation of the former vesicles was observed at ratios of lipid to peptide of greater than 6 and 24 for HHC-10 and 4HarHHC-10, respectively. Collectively, our results revealed dose-dependent bacterial aggregation mediated by Trp-rich AMPs that was profoundly influenced by the degree of peptide's self-association and the composition and intrinsic curvature of the cytoplasmic membrane lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Bagheri
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16 Azar Street, 14176-14335 Tehran, Iran
| | - Heike Nikolenko
- Peptide-Lipid Interaction, Department of Chemical Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shima Arasteh
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16 Azar Street, 14176-14335 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nakisa Rezaei
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16 Azar Street, 14176-14335 Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Behzadi
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16 Azar Street, 14176-14335 Tehran, Iran
| | - Margitta Dathe
- Peptide-Lipid Interaction, Department of Chemical Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Sampaio de Oliveira KB, Leite ML, Rodrigues GR, Duque HM, da Costa RA, Cunha VA, de Loiola Costa LS, da Cunha NB, Franco OL, Dias SC. Strategies for recombinant production of antimicrobial peptides with pharmacological potential. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:367-390. [PMID: 32357080 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1764347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The need to develop new drugs for the control of pathogenic microorganisms has redoubled efforts to prospect for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from natural sources and to characterize its structure and function. These molecules present a broad spectrum of action against different microorganisms and frequently present promiscuous action, with anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. Furthermore, AMPs can be used as biopharmaceuticals in the treatment of hospital-acquired infections and other serious diseases with relevant social and economic impacts.Areas covered: The low yield and the therefore difficult extraction and purification process in AMPs are problems that limit their industrial application and scientific research. Thus, optimized heterologous expression systems were developed to significantly boost AMP yields, allow high efficiency in purification and structural optimization for the increase of therapeutic activity.Expert opinion: This review provides an update on recent developments in the recombinant production of ribosomal and non-ribosomal synthesis of AMPs and on strategies to increase the expression of genes encoding AMPs at the transcriptional and translational levels and regulation of the post-translational modifications. Moreover, there are detailed reports of AMPs that have already reached marketable status or are in the pipeline under advanced stages of preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Botelho Sampaio de Oliveira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Michel Lopes Leite
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gisele Regina Rodrigues
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Harry Morales Duque
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Andrade da Costa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Victor Albuquerque Cunha
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lorena Sousa de Loiola Costa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nicolau Brito da Cunha
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil.,Universidade de Brasília, Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro , Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil.,Universidade de Brasília, Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Campus Darcy Ribeiro , Brasília, Brazil
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