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Paul B, Buchholz DR. Minireview: Glucocorticoid-Leptin Crosstalk: Role of Glucocorticoid-Leptin Counterregulation in Metabolic Homeostasis and Normal Development. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1127-1139. [PMID: 37708034 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids and leptin are two important hormones that regulate metabolic homeostasis by controlling appetite and energy expenditure in adult mammals. Also, glucocorticoids and leptin strongly counterregulate each other, such that chronic stress-induced glucocorticoids upregulate the production of leptin and leptin suppresses glucocorticoid production directly via action on endocrine organs and indirectly via action on food intake. Altered glucocorticoid or leptin levels during development can impair organ development and increase the risk of chronic diseases in adults, but there are limited studies depicting the significance of glucocorticoid-leptin interaction during development and its impact on developmental programming. In mammals, leptin-induced suppression of glucocorticoid production is critical during development, where leptin prevents stress-induced glucocorticoid production by inducing a period of short-hyporesponsiveness when the adrenal glands fail to respond to certain mild to moderate stressors. Conversely, reduced or absent leptin signaling increases glucocorticoid levels beyond what is appropriate for normal organogenesis. The counterregulatory interactions between leptin and glucocorticoids suggest the potential significant involvement of leptin in disorders that occur from stress during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Daniel R Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Civelek E, Ozturk Civelek D, Akyel YK, Kaleli Durman D, Okyar A. Circadian Dysfunction in Adipose Tissue: Chronotherapy in Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1077. [PMID: 37626963 PMCID: PMC10452180 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Essential for survival and reproduction, the circadian timing system (CTS) regulates adaptation to cyclical changes such as the light/dark cycle, temperature change, and food availability. The regulation of energy homeostasis possesses rhythmic properties that correspond to constantly fluctuating needs for energy production and consumption. Adipose tissue is mainly responsible for energy storage and, thus, operates as one of the principal components of energy homeostasis regulation. In accordance with its roles in energy homeostasis, alterations in adipose tissue's physiological processes are associated with numerous pathologies, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. These alterations also include changes in circadian rhythm. In the current review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding the circadian rhythmicity of adipogenesis, lipolysis, adipokine secretion, browning, and non-shivering thermogenesis in adipose tissue and to evaluate possible links between those alterations and metabolic diseases. Based on this evaluation, potential therapeutic approaches, as well as clock genes as potential therapeutic targets, are also discussed in the context of chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34815 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Deniz Kaleli Durman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
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González-Flores D, López-Pingarrón L, Castaño MY, Gómez MÁ, Rodríguez AB, García JJ, Garrido M. Melatonin as a Coadjuvant in the Treatment of Patients with Fibromyalgia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1964. [PMID: 37509603 PMCID: PMC10377739 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic widespread pain syndrome that is accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbances, anxiety, depression, lack of concentration, and neurocognitive impairment. As the currently available drugs are not completely successful against these symptoms and frequently have several side effects, many scientists have taken on the task of looking for nonpharmacological remedies. Many of the FMS-related symptoms have been suggested to be associated with an altered pattern of endogenous melatonin. Melatonin is involved in the regulation of several physiological processes, including circadian rhythms, pain, mood, and oxidative as well as immunomodulatory balance. Preliminary clinical studies have propounded that the administration of different doses of melatonin to patients with FMS can reduce pain levels and ameliorate mood and sleep disturbances. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and urinary cortisol levels, and other biological parameters improve after the ingestion of melatonin. Recent investigations have proposed a pathophysiological relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and FMS by looking at certain proteins involved in mitochondrial homeostasis according to the etiopathogenesis of this syndrome. These improvements exert positive effects on the quality of life of FMS patients, suggesting that the use of melatonin as a coadjuvant may be a successful strategy for the management of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González-Flores
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Zoology, Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Laura López-Pingarrón
- Oxidative Stress and Aging Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Yolanda Castaño
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Merida University Center, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gómez
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ana B Rodríguez
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Joaquín J García
- Oxidative Stress and Aging Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Garrido
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Investigation of the effects of maternal separation on the pancreatic oxidative and inflammatory damages along with metabolic impairment in response to chronic social defeat stress in young adult male rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1557-1565. [PMID: 34900807 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Chronic glucocorticoid release during the stress response has been proposed to initiate certain damages, which in turn produce metabolic disorders. The present study is the first work to test whether maternal separation (MS) would impact the metabolic alterations associated with pancreatic oxidative and inflammatory damages under chronic exposure to social defeat stress (CSDS) in adulthood. Methods During the first 2 weeks of life, male Wistar rats were exposed to MS or left undisturbed with their mothers (Std). Starting on postnatal day 50, the animals of each group were either left undisturbed in the standard group housing (Con) or underwent CSDS for 3 weeks. Thus, there were 4 groups (n = 7/group): Std-Con, Ms-Con, Std-CSDS, MS-CSDS. Each animal was weighed and then decapitated so that we could collect trunk blood for assessment of fasting plasma corticosterone, insulin, glucose, lipid profile, and insulin resistance. Plasma and pancreatic catalase activity, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde levels and pancreatic interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) content were also measured. Results MS-CSDS animals showed elevated plasma corticosterone and insulin levels (P < 0.01) along with insulin resistance (P < 0.05). According to one-way ANOVA results, chronic exposure to early or adult life adversity decreased body weight (P < 0.0001), Catalase activity and GSH levels (P < 0.0001) and increased malondialdehyde level (P = 0.0006) in plasma. Pancreatic MDA and IL-1β contents elevated just in MS-CSDS rats (P < 0.05). Conclusion Maternal separation shapes vulnerability to develop corticosterone hypersecretion, insulin resistance, pancreatic oxidative, and inflammatory damages associated with chronic exposure to later social challenges, which could potentially trigger metabolic disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00902-3.
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Kogel U, Wong ET, Szostak J, Tan WT, Lucci F, Leroy P, Titz B, Xiang Y, Low T, Wong SK, Guedj E, Ivanov NV, Schlage WK, Peitsch MC, Kuczaj A, Vanscheeuwijck P, Hoeng J. Impact of whole-body versus nose-only inhalation exposure systems on systemic, respiratory, and cardiovascular endpoints in a 2-month cigarette smoke exposure study in the ApoE -/- mouse model. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1598-1619. [PMID: 33825214 PMCID: PMC8519037 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one major modifiable risk factor in the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease. To characterize and compare cigarette smoke (CS)-induced disease endpoints after exposure in either whole-body (WB) or nose-only (NO) exposure systems, we exposed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice to filtered air (Sham) or to the same total particulate matter (TPM) concentration of mainstream smoke from 3R4F reference cigarettes in NO or WB exposure chambers (EC) for 2 months. At matching TPM concentrations, we observed similar concentrations of carbon monoxide, acetaldehyde, and acrolein, but higher concentrations of nicotine and formaldehyde in NOEC than in WBEC. In both exposure systems, CS exposure led to the expected adaptive changes in nasal epithelia, altered lung function, lung inflammation, and pronounced changes in the nasal epithelial transcriptome and lung proteome. Exposure in the NOEC caused generally more severe histopathological changes in the nasal epithelia and a higher stress response as indicated by body weight decrease and lower blood lymphocyte counts compared with WB exposed mice. Erythropoiesis, and increases in total plasma triglyceride levels and atherosclerotic plaque area were observed only in CS-exposed mice in the WBEC group but not in the NOEC group. Although the composition of CS in the breathing zone is not completely comparable in the two exposure systems, the CS-induced respiratory disease endpoints were largely confirmed in both systems, with a higher magnitude of severity after NO exposure. CS-accelerated atherosclerosis and other pro-atherosclerotic factors were only significant in WBEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kogel
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Justyna Szostak
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Wei Teck Tan
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Francesco Lucci
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Titz
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Tiffany Low
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Sin Kei Wong
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology Consultant, Max-Baermann-Str. 21, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuczaj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
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Ho J, Sciuscio D, Kogel U, Titz B, Leroy P, Vuillaume G, Talikka M, Martin E, Pospisil P, Lebrun S, Xia W, Lee T, Chng YX, Phillips BW, Veljkovic E, Guedj E, Xiang Y, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Vanscheeuwijck P. Evaluation of toxicity of aerosols from flavored e-liquids in Sprague-Dawley rats in a 90-day OECD inhalation study, complemented by transcriptomics analysis. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2179-2206. [PMID: 32367274 PMCID: PMC7303093 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of flavoring substances is an important element in the development of reduced-risk products for adult smokers to increase product acceptance and encourage switching from cigarettes. In a first step towards characterizing the sub-chronic inhalation toxicity of neat flavoring substances, a study was conducted using a mixture of the substances in a base solution of e-liquid, where the standard toxicological endpoints of the nebulized aerosols were supplemented with transcriptomics analysis. The flavor mixture was produced by grouping 178 flavors into 26 distinct chemical groups based on structural similarities and potential metabolic and biological effects. Flavoring substances predicted to show the highest toxicological effect from each group were selected as the flavor group representatives (FGR). Following Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Testing Guideline 413, rats were exposed to three concentrations of the FGR mixture in an e-liquid composed of nicotine (23 µg/L), propylene glycol (1520 µg/L), and vegetable glycerin (1890 µg/L), while non-flavored and no-nicotine mixtures were included as references to identify potential additive or synergistic effects between nicotine and the flavoring substances. The results indicated that the inhalation of an e-liquid containing the mixture of FGRs caused very minimal local and systemic toxic effects. In particular, there were no remarkable clinical (in-life) observations in flavored e-liquid-exposed rats. The biological effects related to exposure to the mixture of neat FGRs were limited and mainly nicotine-mediated, including changes in hematological and blood chemistry parameters and organ weight. These results indicate no significant additive biological changes following inhalation exposure to the nebulized FGR mixture above the nicotine effects measured in this sub-chronic inhalation study. In a subsequent study, e-liquids with FGR mixtures will be aerosolized by thermal treatment and assessed for toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ho
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Davide Sciuscio
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Kogel
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Vuillaume
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Elyette Martin
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Pospisil
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Lebrun
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Wenhao Xia
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tom Lee
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Xuan Chng
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Blaine W Phillips
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emilija Veljkovic
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- PMI S&I, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Celka P, Granqvist N, Schwabl H, Edwards SD. Development and evaluation of a cardiac coherence index for sleep analysis. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2019.1689460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Celka
- SATHeart SA, Rue Galilée, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stephen D. Edwards
- Psychology Department, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
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Ketchesin KD, Becker-Krail D, McClung CA. Mood-related central and peripheral clocks. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:326-345. [PMID: 30402924 PMCID: PMC6502705 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders, including major depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder, are debilitating disorders that affect a significant portion of the global population. Individuals suffering from mood disorders often show significant disturbances in circadian rhythms and sleep. Moreover, environmental disruptions to circadian rhythms can precipitate or exacerbate mood symptoms in vulnerable individuals. Circadian clocks exist throughout the central nervous system and periphery, where they regulate a wide variety of physiological processes implicated in mood regulation. These processes include monoaminergic and glutamatergic transmission, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, metabolism, and immune function. While there seems to be a clear link between circadian rhythm disruption and mood regulation, the mechanisms that underlie this association remain unclear. This review will touch on the interactions between the circadian system and each of these processes and discuss their potential role in the development of mood disorders. While clinical studies are presented, much of the review will focus on studies in animal models, which are attempting to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms in which circadian genes regulate mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Ketchesin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Darius Becker-Krail
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Dalmasso C, Leachman JR, Ensor CM, Yiannikouris FB, Giani JF, Cassis LA, Loria AS. Female Mice Exposed to Postnatal Neglect Display Angiotensin II-Dependent Obesity-Induced Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012309. [PMID: 31752639 PMCID: PMC6912962 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background We have previously reported that female mice exposed to maternal separation and early weaning (MSEW), a model of early life stress, show exacerbated diet-induced obesity associated with hypertension. The goal of this study was to test whether MSEW promotes angiotensin II-dependent hypertension via activation of the renin-angiotensin system in adipose tissue. Methods and Results MSEW was achieved by daily separations from the dam and weaning at postnatal day 17, while normally reared controls were weaned at postnatal day 21. Female controls and MSEW weanlings were placed on a low-fat diet (LF, 10% kcal from fat) or high-fat diet (HF, 60% kcal from fat) for 20 weeks. MSEW did not change mean arterial pressure in LF-fed mice but increased it in HF-fed mice compared with controls (P<0.05). In MSEW mice fed a HF, angiotensin II concentration in plasma and adipose tissue was elevated compared with controls (P<0.05). In addition, angiotensinogen concentration was increased solely in adipose tissue from MSEW mice (P<0.05), while angiotensin-converting enzyme protein expression and activity were similar between groups. Chronic enalapril treatment (2.5 mg/kg per day, drinking water, 7 days) reduced mean arterial pressure in both groups of mice fed a HF (P<0.05) and abolished the differences due to MSEW. Acute angiotensin II-induced increases in mean arterial pressure (10 μg/kg SC) were attenuated in untreated MSEW HF-fed mice compared to controls (P<0.05); however, this response was similar between groups in enalapril-treated mice. Conclusions The upregulation of angiotensinogen and angiotensin II in adipose tissue could be an important mechanism by which female MSEW mice fed a HF develop hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Dalmasso
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Jacqueline R. Leachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Charles M. Ensor
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Frederique B. Yiannikouris
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Jorge F. Giani
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Lisa A. Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Analia S. Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
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de Oliveira C, de Freitas JS, Macedo IC, Scarabelot VL, Ströher R, Santos DS, Souza A, Fregni F, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates biometric and inflammatory parameters and anxiety-like behavior in obese rats. Neuropeptides 2019; 73:1-10. [PMID: 30446297 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with metabolic dysfunction and the prevention and treatment of obesity are often unsatisfactory. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has proven promising in the treatment of eating disorders such as obesity. We investigate the effects of tDCS on locomotor and exploratory activities, anxiety-like and feeding behavior, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), IL (interleukin)-10, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the cerebral cortex of obese rats. A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were used in our study. Animals were divided into groups of three or four animals per cage and allocated to four treatment groups: standard diet plus sham tDCS treatment (SDS), standard diet plus tDCS treatment (SDT), hypercaloric diet plus sham tDCS treatment (HDS), hypercaloric diet plus tDCS treatment (HDT). After 40 days on a hypercaloric diet and/or standard diet were to assessed the locomotor and exploratory activity and anxiety-like behavior to by the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests respectively before and after exposure to tDCS treatment. The experimental groups were submitted to active or sham treatment tDCS during eight days. Palatable food consumption test (PFT) was performed 24 h after the last tDCS session under fasting and feeding conditions. Obese animals submitted to tDCS treatment showed a reduction in the Lee index, visceral adipose tissue weight, and food craving. In addition, bicephalic tDCS decreased the cerebral cortex levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in these animals. Exposure to a hypercaloric diet produced an anxiolytic effect, which was reversed by bicephalic tDCS treatment. These results suggest that, in accordance with studies in humans, bicephalic tDCS could modulate biometric and inflammatory parameters, as well as anxiety-like and feeding behavior, of rats subjected to the consumption of a hypercaloric diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joice Soares de Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Macedo
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ströher
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Souza
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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11
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Marinho R, Munõz VR, Pauli LSS, Ropelle ECC, Moura LP, Moraes JC, Moura‐Assis A, Cintra DE, da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR. Endurance training prevents inflammation and apoptosis in hypothalamic neurons of obese mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:880-890. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Marinho
- Department of Physical Education Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Vitor R. Munõz
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
| | | | | | - Leandro P. Moura
- Department of Physical Education Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
- OCRC—Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas Brazil
- CEPECE—Center of Research in Sport Sciences. School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Moraes
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
| | | | - Dennys E. Cintra
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
- OCRC—Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas Brazil
| | - Adelino S. R. da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Eduardo R. Ropelle
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
- OCRC—Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas Brazil
- CEPECE—Center of Research in Sport Sciences. School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
| | - José R. Pauli
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
- OCRC—Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas Brazil
- CEPECE—Center of Research in Sport Sciences. School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Limeira Brazil
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12
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Phillips BW, Schlage WK, Titz B, Kogel U, Sciuscio D, Martin F, Leroy P, Vuillaume G, Krishnan S, Lee T, Veljkovic E, Elamin A, Merg C, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Vanscheeuwijck P. A 90-day OECD TG 413 rat inhalation study with systems toxicology endpoints demonstrates reduced exposure effects of the aerosol from the carbon heated tobacco product version 1.2 (CHTP1.2) compared with cigarette smoke. I. Inhalation exposure, clinical pathology and histopathology. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:388-413. [PMID: 29654848 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of a systems toxicology approach, the inhalation toxicity of aerosol from a novel tobacco-heating potentially modified risk tobacco product (MRTP), the carbon-heated tobacco product (CHTP) 1.2, was characterized and compared with that of mainstream smoke (CS) from the 3R4F reference cigarette in a 90-day nose-only rat inhalation study in general accordance with OECD TG 413. CHTP1.2 is a heat-not-burn product using a carbon heat source to produce an aerosol that contains nicotine and tobacco flavor. At equal or twice the nicotine concentration in the test atmospheres, inhalation of CHTP1.2 aerosol led to a significantly lower exposure to harmful constituents and induced less respiratory tract irritation, systemic, and pathological effects compared with CS. Nasal epithelial changes were less pronounced in the CHTP1.2- than in the CS-exposed groups and reverted in the nicotine concentration-matched group after a recovery period. Lung inflammation was minimal in the CHTP1.2-treated groups compared with the moderate extent seen in the 3R4F groups. Many other toxicological endpoints evaluated did not show CHTP1.2 aerosol exposure-related effects, and no effects not seen for 3R4F were observed. These observations were consistent with findings from previous studies in which rats were exposed to MRTP aerosols containing similar nicotine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine W Phillips
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology Consultant, Max-Baermann-Str. 21, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Kogel
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Davide Sciuscio
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Vuillaume
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Subash Krishnan
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Tom Lee
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Emilija Veljkovic
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Ashraf Elamin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
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13
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Bezerra MLR, de Souza EL, de Sousa JMB, Lima MDS, Alves AF, Almeida MDG, Coutinho Alves R, Veríssimo de Araújo E, Soares NL, da Silva GA, Magnani M, Aquino JDS. Effects of honey fromMimosa quadrivalvisL. (malícia) produced by theMelipona subnitidaD. (jandaíra) stingless bee on dyslipidaemic rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:4480-4492. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The supplementation with malícia honey alters the lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and intestinal health parameters of rats with diet-induced dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcos dos Santos Lima
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos
- Instituto Federal do Sertão de Pernambuco
- Petrolina
- Brazil
| | | | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal
- Brazil
| | | | | | - Naís Lira Soares
- Departamento de Nutrição
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa
- Brazil
| | | | - Marciane Magnani
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa
- Brazil
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14
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Abstract
Most hormones display daily fluctuations of secretion during the 24-h cycle. This is also the case for adipokines, in particular the anorexigenic hormone, leptin. The temporal organization of the endocrine system is principally controlled by a network of circadian clocks. The circadian network comprises a master circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, synchronized to the ambient light, and secondary circadian clocks found in various peripheral organs, such as the adipose tissues. Besides circadian clocks, other factors such as meals and metabolic status impact daily profiles of hormonal levels. In turn, the precise daily pattern of hormonal release provides temporal signaling information. This review will describe the reciprocal links between the circadian clocks and rhythmic secretion of leptin, and discuss the metabolic impact of circadian desynchronization and altered rhythmic leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Challet
- Circadian Clocks and Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, France.
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15
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De Oliveira CM, De Oliveira C, Scarabelot VL, Ströher R, Macedo IC, Souza A, Lopes BC, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Hypercaloric diet and chronic stress desynchronizes the temporal pattern of rats’ insulin release. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1395528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleverson Moraes De Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Carla De Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Vanesssa Leal Scarabelot
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS) – Universidade do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Cascavel, Brasil
| | - Roberta Ströher
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Isabel Cristina Macedo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Brasil
| | - Andressa Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Bettega Costa Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Iraci Lucena Silva Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
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16
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Souza A, Carraro Detanico B, Fernandes Medeiros L, Oliveira CD, Leal Scarabelot V, Giotti Cioato S, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Acute stress disrupts temporal patterns of behavioral and biochemical parameters of rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1386267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Souza
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences – Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Pre-clinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, ICBS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Carraro Detanico
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences – Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Pre-clinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, ICBS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Pre-clinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, ICBS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences – Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Pre-clinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, ICBS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Pre-clinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, ICBS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Stefania Giotti Cioato
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences – Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Pre-clinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, ICBS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences – Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Iraci LS Torres
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences – Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Pre-clinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, ICBS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
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17
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High-fat diet increases pain behaviors in rats with or without obesity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10350. [PMID: 28871134 PMCID: PMC5583349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk for chronic pain. Basic mechanisms for this association are poorly understood. Using a milder version of a radicular pain model, local inflammation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), we observed marked increases in mechanical and cold allodynia in rats of both sexes that were maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks prior to DRG inflammation. Notably, this increase in pain-related behaviors occurred in both Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats despite the fact that the 6-week HFD exposure induced obesity (e.g., increased insulin, leptin, weight, and percent body fat) in the Long-Evans, but not Sprague-Dawley, strains. This suggested that HFD, rather than obesity per se, increased pain behaviors. Increased pain behaviors were observed even after a much shorter (1 week) exposure to the HFD but the effect was smaller. HFD also increased behavioral responses and paw swelling to paw injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant, a model of peripheral inflammatory pain. No change was detected in plasma cytokine levels in HFD rats. However, increased macrophage infiltration of the DRG was observed in response to the HFD, absent any pain model. The results suggest that HFD can increase pain even when it does not cause obesity.
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18
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The Influence of Palatable Diets in Reward System Activation: A Mini Review. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:7238679. [PMID: 27087806 PMCID: PMC4818794 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7238679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in eating patterns that have occurred in recent decades are an important cause of obesity. Food intake and energy expenditure are controlled by a complex neural system involving the hypothalamic centers and peripheral satiety system (gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones). Highly palatable and caloric food disrupts appetite regulation; however, palatable foods induce pleasure and reward. The cafeteria diet is such a palatable diet and has been shown consistently to increase body weight and induce hyperplasia in animal obesity models. Moreover, palatable high-fat foods (such as those of the cafeteria diet) can induce addiction-like deficits in brain reward function and are considered to be an important source of motivation that might drive overeating and contribute to the development of obesity. The mechanism of neural adaptation triggered by palatable foods is similar to those that have been reported for nondrug addictions and long-term drug use. Thus, this review attempts to describe the potential mechanisms that might lead to highly palatable diets, such as the cafeteria diet, triggering addiction, or compulsion through the reward system.
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19
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da Costa Estrela D, da Silva WAM, Guimarães ATB, de Oliveira Mendes B, da Silva Castro AL, da Silva Torres IL, Malafaia G. Predictive behaviors for anxiety and depression in female Wistar rats subjected to cafeteria diet and stress. Physiol Behav 2015; 151:252-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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High Sucrose Intake Ameliorates the Accumulation of Hepatic Triacylglycerol Promoted by Restraint Stress in Young Rats. Lipids 2015; 50:1103-13. [PMID: 26399510 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder. Stress promotes the onset of the NAFLD with a concomitant increment in the activity of the hepatic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1). However, the interaction between the stress and a carbohydrate-enriched diet for the development of NAFLD in young animals is unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of chronic stress on the hepatic triacylglycerol level of young rats fed or not with a high sucrose-diet. For doing this, 21-day old male Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups: control (C), chronic restraint stress (St), high-sucrose diet (S30), and chronic restraint stress plus a 30 % sucrose diet (St + S30). Chronic restraint stress consisted of 1-hour daily session, 5 days per week and for 4 weeks. Rats were fed with a standard chow and tap water (C group) or 30 % sucrose diluted in water (S30 group). The St + S30 groups consumed less solid food but had an elevated visceral fat accumulation in comparison with the St group. The St group showed a high level of serum corticosterone and a high activity of the hepatic 11β-HSD-1 concomitantly to the augmentation of hepatic steatosis signs, a high hepatic triacylglycerol content, and hepatic oxidative stress. Conversely, the high-sucrose intake in stressed rats (St + S30 group) reduced the hepatic 11β-HSD-1 activity, the level of serum corticosterone, and the hepatic triacylglycerol content. Present findings show that a high-sucrose diet ameliorates the triacylglycerol accumulation in liver promoted by the restraint stress in young male rats.
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21
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Macedo IC, Rozisky JR, Oliveira C, Oliveira CM, Laste G, Nonose Y, Santos VS, Marques PR, Ribeiro MFM, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Chronic stress associated with hypercaloric diet changes the hippocampal BDNF levels in male Wistar rats. Neuropeptides 2015; 51:75-81. [PMID: 25963531 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress, whether associated with obesity or not, leads to different neuroendocrine and psychological changes. Obesity or being overweight has become one of the most serious worldwide public health problems. Additionally, it is related to a substantial increase in daily energy intake, which results in substituting nutritionally adequate meals for snacks. This metabolic disorder can lead to morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. On the other hand, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is widely expressed in all brain regions, particularly in the hypothalamus, where it has important effects on neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity, mammalian food intake-behavior, and energy metabolism. BDNF is involved in many activities modulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of obesity associated with chronic stress on the BDNF central levels of rats. Obesity was controlled by analyzing the animals' caloric intake and changes in body weight. As a stress parameter, we analyzed the relative adrenal gland weight. We found that exposure to chronic restraint stress during 12 weeks increases the adrenal gland weight, decreases the BDNF levels in the hippocampus and is associated with a decrease in the calorie and sucrose intake, characterizing anhedonia. These effects can be related stress, a phenomenon that induces depression-like behavior. On the other hand, the rats that received the hypercaloric diet had an increase in calorie intake and became obese, which was associated with a decrease in hypothalamus BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Macedo
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - J R Rozisky
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - C Oliveira
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - C M Oliveira
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - G Laste
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Y Nonose
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - V S Santos
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - P R Marques
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - M F M Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Neuro-Humoral Interaction Laboratory, Department of Physiology - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - W Caumo
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - I L S Torres
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
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22
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Oliveira CD, Oliveira CMD, de Macedo IC, Quevedo AS, Filho PRM, Silva FRD, Vercelino R, de Souza ICC, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Hypercaloric diet modulates effects of chronic stress: a behavioral and biometric study on rats. Stress 2015; 18:514-23. [PMID: 26364693 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2015.1079616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that has been associated with chronic stress and hypercaloric diet (HD) consumption. Increased ingestion of food containing sugar and fat ingredients (comfort food) is proposed to "compensate" chronic stress effects. However, this eating habit may increase body fat depositions leading to obesity. This study evaluated behavioral/physiological parameters seeking to establish whether there is an association between the effects of HD intake and stress, and to test the hypothesis that the development of anxious behavior and obesity during chronic stress periods depends on the type of diet. Sixty-day-old male Wistar rats (n = 100) were divided into four groups: standard chow, hypercaloric diet, chronic stress/standard chow and chronic stress/hypercaloric diet. Chronic stress was induced by restraint stress exposure for 1 h/day, for 80 d. At the end of this period, rat behavior was evaluated using open-field and plus-maze tests. The results showed that HD alone increased weight gain and adipose deposition in subcutaneous and mesenteric areas. However, stress reduced weight gain and adipose tissue in these areas. HD also increased naso-anal length and concurrent stress prevented this. Behavioral data indicated that stress increased anxiety-like behaviors and comfort food reduced these anxiogenic effects; locomotor activity increased in rats fed with HD. Furthermore, HD decreased corticosterone levels and stress increased adrenal weight. The data indicate that when rats are given HD and experience chronic stress this association reduces the pro-obesogenic effects of HD, and decreases adrenocortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla de Oliveira
- a Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , ICBS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- b Medicine School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- c Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil , and
| | - Cleverson Moraes de Oliveira
- a Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , ICBS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- b Medicine School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- c Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil , and
| | - Isabel Cristina de Macedo
- a Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , ICBS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- c Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil , and
- d Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Alexandre S Quevedo
- a Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , ICBS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- b Medicine School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- c Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil , and
| | - Paulo Ricardo Marques Filho
- a Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , ICBS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- b Medicine School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- c Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil , and
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro da Silva
- a Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , ICBS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- b Medicine School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- c Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil , and
| | - Rafael Vercelino
- a Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , ICBS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- d Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Izabel C Custodio de Souza
- a Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , ICBS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- b Medicine School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- a Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , ICBS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- b Medicine School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- a Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Animal Models, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , ICBS , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- b Medicine School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
- c Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil , and
- d Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
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23
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Jaremka LM, Belury MA, Andridge RR, Malarkey WB, Glaser R, Christian L, Emery CF, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Interpersonal stressors predict ghrelin and leptin levels in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 48:178-88. [PMID: 25032903 PMCID: PMC4117712 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stressful events enhance risk for weight gain and adiposity. Ghrelin and leptin, two hormones that are implicated in appetite regulation, may link stressful events to weight gain; a number of rodent studies suggest that stressors increase ghrelin production. The present study investigated the links among daily stressors, ghrelin and leptin, and dietary intake in humans. METHOD Women (n=50) completed three study appointments that were scheduled at least 2 weeks apart. At each visit, women arrived fasting and ate a standardized breakfast and lunch. Blood samples were collected 45min after each meal. Women completed a self-report version of the Daily Inventory of Stressful Events (DISE) at each appointment. Two composites were created from the DISE data, reflecting the number of stressors that did and did not involve interpersonal tension. RESULTS Women who experienced more stressors involving interpersonal tension had higher ghrelin and lower leptin levels than those who experienced fewer interpersonal stressors. Furthermore, women who experienced more interpersonal stressors had a diet that was higher in calories, fat, carbohydrates, protein, sugar, sodium, and fiber, and marginally higher in cholesterol, vegetables (but not fruits), vitamin A, and vitamin C. Stressors that did not involve interpersonal tension were unrelated to ghrelin and leptin levels or any of the dietary components examined. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ghrelin and leptin may link daily interpersonal stressors to weight gain and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Jaremka
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Rebecca R Andridge
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - William B Malarkey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Ronald Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Lisa Christian
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Charles F Emery
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA.
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