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Wang B, Huang D, Cao C, Gong Y. Insect α-Amylases and Their Application in Pest Management. Molecules 2023; 28:7888. [PMID: 38067617 PMCID: PMC10708458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylase is an indispensable hydrolase in insect growth and development. Its varied enzymatic parameters cause insects to have strong stress resistance. Amylase gene replication is a very common phenomenon in insects, and different copies of amylase genes enable changes in its location and function. In addition, the classification, structure, and interaction between insect amylase inhibitors and amylases have also invoked the attention of researchers. Some plant-derived amylase inhibitors have inhibitory activities against insect amylases and even mammalian amylases. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have clarified the effects of pesticides on the amylase activity of target and non-target pests, which provides a theoretical basis for exploring safe and efficient pesticides, while the exact lethal mechanisms and safety in field applications remain unclear. Here, we summarize the most recent advances in insect amylase studies, including its sequence and characteristics and the regulation of amylase inhibitors (α-AIs). Importantly, the application of amylases as the nanocide trigger, RNAi, or other kinds of pesticide targets will be discussed. A comprehensive foundation will be provided for applying insect amylases to the development of new-generation insect management tools and improving the specificity, stability, and safety of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunxia Cao
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (B.W.)
| | - Yan Gong
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (B.W.)
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2
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Gul H, Gadratagi BG, Güncan A, Tyagi S, Ullah F, Desneux N, Liu X. Fitness costs of resistance to insecticides in insects. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1238111. [PMID: 37929209 PMCID: PMC10620942 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1238111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical application is considered one of the most crucial methods for controlling insect pests, especially in intensive farming practices. Owing to the chemical application, insect pests are exposed to toxic chemical insecticides along with other stress factors in the environment. Insects require energy and resources for survival and adaptation to cope with these conditions. Also, insects use behavioral, physiological, and genetic mechanisms to combat stressors, like new environments, which may include chemicals insecticides. Sometimes, the continuous selection pressure of insecticides is metabolically costly, which leads to resistance development through constitutive upregulation of detoxification genes and/or target-site mutations. These actions are costly and can potentially affect the biological traits, including development and reproduction parameters and other key variables that ultimately affect the overall fitness of insects. This review synthesizes published in-depth information on fitness costs induced by insecticide resistance in insect pests in the past decade. It thereby highlights the insecticides resistant to insect populations that might help design integrated pest management (IPM) programs for controlling the spread of resistant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Gul
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Basana Gowda Gadratagi
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Ali Güncan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Saniya Tyagi
- Department of Entomology, BRD PG College, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Farman Ullah
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaoxia Liu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Rakesh V, Kalia VK, Ghosh A. Diversity of transgenes in sustainable management of insect pests. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:351-381. [PMID: 37573273 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Insecticidal transgenes, when incorporated and expressed in plants, confer resistance against insects by producing several products having insecticidal properties. Protease inhibitors, lectins, amylase inhibitors, and chitinase genes are associated with the natural defenses developed by plants to counter insect attacks. Several toxin genes are also derived from spiders and scorpions for protection against insects. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner is a microbial source of insecticidal toxins. Several methods have facilitated the large-scale production of transgenic plants. Bt-derived cry, cyt, vip, and sip genes, plant-derived genes such as lectins, protease inhibitors, and alpha-amylase inhibitors, insect cell wall-degrading enzymes like chitinase and some proteins like arcelins, plant defensins, and ribosome-inactivating proteins have been successfully utilized to impart resistance to insects. Besides, transgenic plants expressing double-stranded RNA have been developed with enhanced resistance. However, the long-term effects of transgenes on insect resistance, the environment, and human health must be thoroughly investigated before they are made available for commercial planting. In this chapter, the present status, prospects, and future scope of transgenes for insect pest management have been summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rakesh
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Vinay K Kalia
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Amalendu Ghosh
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Lin Y, Huang Y, Liu J, Liu L, Cai X, Lin J, Shu B. Characterization of the physiological, histopathological, and gene expression alterations in Spodoptera frugiperda larval midguts affected by toosendanin exposure. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105537. [PMID: 37666609 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a polyphagous pest worldwide and feeds on many grain and cash crops, which threatens the safety of agriculture and forestry production. Toosendanin (TSN) is a commercial insecticidal active ingredient used to manage various pests in the field and showed adverse effects against S. frugiperda, while the effects of TSN on the larval midguts are not yet known. In this study, the effects of 10 and 20 mg/kg TSN exposures on the larval midguts were analyzed. The structural changes of the larval midgut induced by TSN treatments were also determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Besides, TSN treatments also changed the enzyme activities of three digestive enzymes (α-amylase, lipase, and trypsin) and two detoxification enzymes (CarE and GST). A total of 2868 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-Seq in the larval midguts with 20 mg/kg TSN treatment, and the DEGs responsible for food digestion and detoxification were further examined. Our findings revealed the preliminary modes of action of TSN on the larval midguts of S. frugiperda, which provide a preliminary rationale for controlling S. frugiperda with TSN in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Liu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyang Liu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueming Cai
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Benshui Shu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Jahn N, Longin CFH, Scherf KA, Geisslitz S. No correlation between amylase/trypsin-inhibitor content and amylase inhibitory activity in hexaploid and tetraploid wheat species. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100542. [PMID: 38115899 PMCID: PMC10728332 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat amylase/trypsin-inhibitors (ATI) are known triggers for wheat-related disorders. The aims of our study were to determine (1) the inhibitory activity against different α-amylases, (2) the content of albumins and globulins (ALGL) and total ATI and (3) to correlate these parameters in wholegrain flour of hexaploid, tetraploid and diploid wheat species. The amount of ATI within the ALGL fraction varied from 0.8% in einkorn to 20% in spelt. ATI contents measured with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) revealed similar contents (1.2-4.2 mg/g) compared to the results determined by LC-MS/MS (0.2-5.2 mg/g) for all wheat species except einkorn. No correlation was found between ALGL content and inhibitory activity. In general, hexaploid cultivars of spelt and common wheat had the highest inhibitory activities, showing values between 897 and 3564 AIU/g against human salivary α-amylase. Tetraploid wheat species durum and emmer had lower activities (170-1461 AIU/g), although a few emmer cultivars showed similar activities at one location. In einkorn, no inhibitory activity was found. No correlation was observed between the ATI content and the inhibitory activity against the used α-amylases, highlighting that it is very important to look at the parameters separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Jahn
- Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20 a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Katharina A. Scherf
- Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20 a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabrina Geisslitz
- Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20 a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Kee PE, Cheng YS, Chang JS, Yim HS, Tan JCY, Lam SS, Lan JCW, Ng HS, Khoo KS. Insect biorefinery: A circular economy concept for biowaste conversion to value-added products. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115284. [PMID: 36640934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With rapid growing world population and increasing demand for natural resources, the production of sufficient food, feed for protein and fat sources and sustainable energy presents a food insecurity challenge globally. Insect biorefinery is a concept of using insect as a tool to convert biomass waste into energy and other beneficial products with concomitant remediation of the organic components. The exploitation of insects and its bioproducts have becoming more popular in recent years. This review article presents a summary of the current trend of insect-based industry and the potential organic wastes for insect bioconversion and biorefinery. Numerous biotechnological products obtained from insect biorefinery such as biofertilizer, animal feeds, edible foods, biopolymer, bioenzymes and biodiesel are discussed in the subsequent sections. Insect biorefinery serves as a promising sustainable approach for waste management while producing valuable bioproducts feasible to achieve circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Kee
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shen Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hip Seng Yim
- Booya Holdings, Northpoint Mid Valley City, No. 1 Medan Syed Putra Utara, 59200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - John Choon Yee Tan
- Zelcos Biotech Sdn Bhd, No. 1 Lorong Nagasari 11, Taman Nagasari, 13600 Prai, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - John Chi-Wei Lan
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hui Suan Ng
- Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Zhao J, Song Y, Jiang X, He L, Wei L, Zhao Z. Synergism of Feeding and Digestion Regulated by the Neuropeptide F System in Ostrinia furnacalis Larvae. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010194. [PMID: 36611986 PMCID: PMC9818795 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding is crucial for the growth and survival of animals, including humans, but relatively little is known about how it is regulated. Here, we show that larval feeding in Ostrinia furnacalis is regulated by neuropeptide F (NPF, the homologous peptide of mammalian NPY) via the insulin signalling pathway in the midgut. Furthermore, the genes pi3k and mtor in the insulin pathway positively regulate α-amylase and lipase of the midgut by recruiting the transcription factors c-Myc and PPARγ for binding to the promotors of these two enzymes. Importantly, we find that the feeding behaviour and the digestive system of midgut in O. furnacalis larvae are closely related and interactive in that knocking down α-amylase or lipase induces a reduction in larval feeding, while food-deprived larvae lead to fewer expressions of α-amylase and lipase. Importantly, it is the gut NPF that regulates the α-amylase and lipase, while variations of α-amylase and lipase may feed back to the brain NPF. This current study reveals a molecular feedback mechanism between feeding behaviour and the digestive system that is regulated by the conserved NPF via insulin signalling systems in the midgut of O. furnacalis larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuemin Jiang
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liya Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhangwu Zhao
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (Z.Z.)
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8
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Huang S, Huang H, Xie J, Wang F, Fan S, Yang M, Zheng C, Han L, Zhang D. The latest research progress on the prevention of storage pests by natural products: Species, mechanisms, and sources of inspiration. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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The Evolution of Tyramides in Male Fungus-Growing Ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini: Attina). J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:782-790. [PMID: 36125647 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Ants use a variety of semiochemicals for essential activities and have been a source for many novel natural products. While ant taxa produce a wide variety of chemicals, the chemistry and ecology of male ants have remained understudied. Tyramides are a class of compounds that have been found only in males of the Myrmicinae ant subfamily. Tyramides found in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta are transferred to gynes during mating where they are converted to tyramine, leading to rapid reproductive development. To further understand the evolution of tyramide production in male ants, we determined the tyramide composition in males of 15 fungus-growing ant species (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini: Attina) and a Megalomyrmex species (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini). Thirteen tyramides were identified, four for the first time in natural sources, and their percent composition was mapped to the fungus-growing ant phylogeny.
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El-Bassouiny HM, El-Medany WAZ, Kandil MAA. The Impact of Magnetic Field on Insecticide Toxicity Measured by Biological and Biochemical Parameters of Earias insulana (Boisd). Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:368-380. [PMID: 35930550 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study illustrates the effect of magnetic field (MF) on the toxicity of two insecticides, emamectin benzoate (Emazoate 2.15% EC) and spinosad (SpinTor 24% SC), and determines their adverse effects on the bollworm (Earias insulana) through various biological and biochemical assays. The investigation indicated that exposure to the insecticides in a MF of 180 mT resulted in stronger toxicity, with LC50 values of 0.162, 1.211, and 1.770 ppm, respectively. In addition, the results showed that magnetized insecticides significantly increased in the duration of the total immature stages (larvae and/or pupae) 32.1 and 36.6 days, compared with 27.9 and 30.5 days, respectively, in the nonmagnetized insecticides, while untreated check was 21 days. Also, the magnetized insecticides reduced the percentage of adult emergence, and increased deformations in the larval and pupal stages. Furthermore, sex ratio was greatly affected by exposure to both insecticides in conjunction with the MF. Exposure of the larvae of E insulana to magnetized insecticides can bring about malfunction in some biochemical process and significantly decreased the invertase activity, and decreased the total protein and carbohydrates. In contrast, it can increase amylase compared with nonmagnetized insecticides and untreated controls. Results concluded that the two insecticides' MF affected growth, survival time, and biological and biochemical parameters of E. insulana. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Warda A Z El-Medany
- Department of Bollworm, Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mervat A A Kandil
- Department of Bollworm, Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
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Revealing the difference of α-amylase and CYP6AE76 gene between polyphagous Conogethes punctiferalis and oligophagous C. pinicolalis by multiple-omics and molecular biological technique. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:521. [PMID: 35854244 PMCID: PMC9295484 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conogethes pinicolalis has been thought as a Pinaceae-feeding variant of the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis. The divergence of C. pinicolalis from the fruit-feeding moth C. punctiferalis has been reported in terms of morphology, ecology, and genetics, however there is a lack of detailed molecular data. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the divergence of C. pinicolalis from C. punctiferalis from the aspects of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics. Results The expression of 74,611 mRNA in transcriptome, 142 proteins in proteome and 218 metabolites in metabolome presented significantly differences between the two species, while the KEGG results showed the data were mainly closely related to metabolism and redox. Moreover, based on integrating system-omics data, we found that the α-amylase and CYP6AE76 genes were mutated between the two species. Mutations in the α-amylase and CYP6AE76 genes may influence the efficiency of enzyme preference for a certain substrate, resulting in differences in metabolic or detoxifying ability in both species. The qPCR and enzyme activity test also confirmed the relevant gene expression. Conclusions These findings of two related species and integrated networks provide beneficial information for further exploring the divergence in specific genes, metabolism, and redox mechanism. Most importantly, it will give novel insight on species adaptation to various diets, such as from monophagous to polyphagous. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08753-9.
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Yang L, Kaziem AE, Lin Y, Li C, Tan Y, Huang S, Cheng D, Xu H, Zhang Z. Carboxylated β-cyclodextrin anchored hollow mesoporous silica enhances insecticidal activity and reduces the toxicity of indoxacarb. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118150. [PMID: 34044957 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a pesticide controlled release system with dual response characteristics of pH and enzyme triggering was developed. Indoxacarb (IDC) was loaded into hollow mesoporous silica (HMS) nanoparticles, carboxylated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) acted as a capping molecule to couple with the amino-functionalized HMS, and their well-defined morphological structures were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the prepared IDC loaded HMS-CD had high loading efficiency (26.42%, w/w) and showed excellent dual response properties to pH and the α-amylase enzyme. IDC loaded HMS-CD nanoparticles showed better insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda than applying the same dose of IDC emulsifiable concentrate, and the toxicity of IDC loaded HMS-CD to zebrafish was reduced by more than 5-fold, indicating that insecticide delivery systems based on β-CD-anchored HMS nanoparticles could potentially be applied for sustainable control of pests and reduce harm to non-target organisms and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liupeng Yang
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Amir E Kaziem
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Environmental Agricultural Science, Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Yigang Lin
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chao Li
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuting Tan
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Suqing Huang
- Department of Environmental Agricultural Science, Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - HanHong Xu
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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13
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Lin YB, Rong JJ, Wei XF, Sui ZX, Xiao J, Huang DW. Proteomics and ultrastructural analysis of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larval peritrophic matrix. Proteome Sci 2021; 19:7. [PMID: 33836751 PMCID: PMC8035744 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-021-00175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has significant economic potential. The larvae can be used in financially viable waste management systems, as they are voracious feeders able to efficiently convert low-quality waste into valuable biomass. However, most studies on H. illucens in recent decades have focused on optimizing their breeding and bioconversion conditions, while information on their biology is limited. METHODS About 200 fifth instar well-fed larvae were sacrificed in this work. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy were employed in this study to perform a proteomic and ultrastructural analysis of the peritrophic matrix (PM) of H. illucens larvae. RESULTS A total of 565 proteins were identified in the PM samples of H. illucen, of which 177 proteins were predicted to contain signal peptides, bioinformatics analysis and manual curation determined 88 proteins may be associated with the PM, with functions in digestion, immunity, PM modulation, and others. The ultrastructure of the H. illucens larval PM observed by scanning electron microscopy shows a unique diamond-shaped chitin grid texture. CONCLUSIONS It is the first and most comprehensive proteomics research about the PM of H. illucens larvae to date. All the proteins identified in this work has been discussed in details, except several unnamed or uncharacterized proteins, which should not be ignored and need further study. A comparison of the ultrastructure between H. illucens larval PM and those of other insects as observed by SEM indicates that the PM displays diverse textures on an ultra-micro scale and we suscept a unique diamond-shaped chitin grid texture may help H. illucens larval to hold more food. This work deepens our understanding of the molecular architecture and ultrastructure of the H. illucens larval PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing-Jing Rong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xun-Fan Wei
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuo-Xiao Sui
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinhua Xiao
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Da-Wei Huang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Haeger W, Wielsch N, Shin NR, Gebauer-Jung S, Pauchet Y, Kirsch R. New Players in the Interaction Between Beetle Polygalacturonases and Plant Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Proteins: Insights From Proteomics and Gene Expression Analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:660430. [PMID: 34149758 PMCID: PMC8213348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.660430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess various defense strategies to counter attacks from microorganisms or herbivores. For example, plants reduce the cell-wall-macerating activity of pathogen- or insect-derived polygalacturonases (PGs) by expressing PG-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs). PGs and PGIPs belong to multi-gene families believed to have been shaped by an evolutionary arms race. The mustard leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae expresses both active PGs and catalytically inactive PG pseudoenzymes. Previous studies demonstrated that (i) PGIPs target beetle PGs and (ii) the role of PG pseudoenzymes remains elusive, despite having been linked to the pectin degradation pathway. For further insight into the interaction between plant PGIPs and beetle PG family members, we combined affinity purification with proteomics and gene expression analyses, and identified novel inhibitors of beetle PGs from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). A beetle PG pseudoenzyme was not targeted by PGIPs, but instead interacted with PGIP-like proteins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PGIP-like proteins clustered apart from "classical" PGIPs but together with proteins, which have been involved in developmental processes. Our results indicate that PGIP-like proteins represent not only interesting novel PG inhibitor candidates in addition to "classical" PGIPs, but also fascinating new players in the arms race between herbivorous beetles and plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Haeger
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Natalie Wielsch
- Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Na Ra Shin
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Steffi Gebauer-Jung
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Yannick Pauchet
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Roy Kirsch,
| | - Roy Kirsch
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Yannick Pauchet,
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Debnath R, Mobarak SH, Mitra P, Barik A. Comparative performance and digestive physiology of Diaphania indica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Trichosanthes anguina (Cucurbitaceae) cultivars. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:756-766. [PMID: 32484147 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important phytophagous pest of Trichosanthes anguina L. in India. We studied life table parameters by age-stage, two-sex, amylolytic and proteolytic activities, and food utilization parameters of D. indica on the leaves of three T. anguina cultivars (Baruipur Long, Polo No. 1 and MNSR-1). Further, nutrients (total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, amino acids and nitrogen) and antinutrients (total phenols, flavonols and tannins) in leaves were determined. The development time (egg to adult emergence) was the shortest on MNSR-1 (19.79 d) and the longest on Polo No. 1 (25.72 d). Fecundity was the highest and lowest on MNSR-1 (259 eggs) and Polo No. 1 (151.22 eggs), respectively. The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (R0) of D. indica on Polo No. 1 were 0.1112 d-1 and 27.22 offspring individual-1, respectively. The mean generation time (T) was the shortest on MNSR-1 (23.99 days) and the longest on Polo No. 1 (29.70 d). The larvae of D. indica fed with MNSR-1 had the highest level of amylolytic and proteolytic activities, and the lowest activities were in the larvae fed with Polo No. 1. The fifth-instar larvae fed with Polo No. 1 had the lowest consumption index and growth rate. The higher larval development time and lower fecundity of D. indica on Polo No. 1 were due to the lower level of nutrients and a higher level of antinutrients than other cultivars. Our results concluded that Polo No. 1 cultivar could be suggested for cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Debnath
- Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan - 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | - Syed Husne Mobarak
- Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan - 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | - Paroma Mitra
- Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan - 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | - Anandamay Barik
- Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan - 713 104, West Bengal, India
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Rane AS, Joshi RS, Giri AP. Molecular determinant for specificity: Differential interaction of α-amylases with their proteinaceous inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129703. [PMID: 32805319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Amylase inhibitors (α-AIs) belong to the discrete classes, and exhibited differential specificities against α-amylases from various sources. Several α-amylases and their complexes with inhibitors at the molecular level have been studied in detail. Interestingly, some α-AIs depict specific and selective interactions amid different insect α-amylases. SCOPE OF REVIEW There are studies to understand evolutionary variability and functional differentiation of insect α-amylases and their cognate inhibitors. We have examined sequence, structural, and interaction diversity between various α-amylases and α-AIs. Based on these analyses, we are providing a potential basis for the functional differentiation among certain insect α-amylases concerning mammalian counterparts and their interactions with different proteinaceous α-AIs. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Insect α-amylases have conserved domain architecture with differences in length, number of disulfide bonds, and secondary structure. Furthermore, few of them exhibit variable characteristics like chloride dependent activity, the presence of N-terminal glutamine residue to protect against proteolytic degradation, and loop variations near the enzyme active site. Conformation of α-AI protein could be an essential factor for their specificity and binding affinities towards target α-amylase(s). Furthermore, variation into the enzyme binding pocket residues might contribute to differential interactions with inhibitors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Molecular insights in the interactions between insect α-amylases and plant α-AI will provide the details of mechanisms assisting the inhibitor specificity. Furthermore, this information will help to design potent and effective α-AIs against specific α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini S Rane
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh S Joshi
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Wang B, Ren C, Yang L, Fang Q, Song Q, Ye G. Venom α-amylase of the endoparasitic wasp Pteromalus puparum influences host metabolism. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2180-2189. [PMID: 31960570 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is an endoparasitoid wasp that parasitizes many butterfly species, including a Brassicaceae pest, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), the small white cabbage butterfly. P. puparum females inject venom along with their eggs into hosts to ensure successful parasitism. The venom regulates host development and behavior, suppresses host immunity, and influences host metabolism. It has been shown that the venom contains α-amylases, a group of hydrolytic enzymes that act in insect sugar metabolism. So far, three α-amylases have been identified in P. puparum (Pteromalus puparum α-amylases, PpAmys) and the function of PpAmy1 has been reported. However, the functions of PpAmy2 and PpAmy3 remain unknown. RESULTS We studied the functions of an α-amylase highly expressed in muscle-rich tissues (PpAmy2) and an α-amylase highly expressed in venom apparatus (PpAmy3) using RNAi and GC-TOF-MS techniques. Knockdown of PpAmy3 by RNAi reduced the body length and weight of 1-day old larval offspring while there was no significant effect when PpAmy2 was knocked down. Compared to the control injected with siGFP, many metabolites in P. puparum changed when PpAmy2 was knocked down, while the injection of PpAmy3 recombinant protein into host induced metabolite changes in the P. rapae hemolymph. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that PpAmy2 acts in metabolism in the muscles of the parasitoid while PpAmy3 could influence the host metabolism and may support the development of parasitic wasp offspring. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaodu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kirsch R, Vurmaz E, Schaefer C, Eberl F, Sporer T, Haeger W, Pauchet Y. Plants use identical inhibitors to protect their cell wall pectin against microbes and insects. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3814-3824. [PMID: 32313638 PMCID: PMC7160172 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As fundamentally different as phytopathogenic microbes and herbivorous insects are, they enjoy plant-based diets. Hence, they encounter similar challenges to acquire nutrients. Both microbes and beetles possess polygalacturonases (PGs) that hydrolyze the plant cell wall polysaccharide pectin. Countering these threats, plant proteins inhibit PGs of microbes, thereby lowering their infection rate. Whether PG-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) play a role in defense against herbivorous beetles is unknown. To investigate the significance of PGIPs in insect-plant interactions, feeding assays with the leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae on Arabidopsis thaliana pgip mutants were performed. Fitness was increased when larvae were fed on mutant plants compared to wild-type plants. Moreover, PG activity was higher, although PG genes were downregulated in larvae fed on PGIP-deficient plants, strongly suggesting that PGIPs impair PG activity. As low PG activity resulted in delayed larval growth, our data provide the first in vivo correlative evidence that PGIPs act as defense against insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Kirsch
- Department of EntomologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Esma Vurmaz
- Department of EntomologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Carolin Schaefer
- Department of EntomologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Franziska Eberl
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Theresa Sporer
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in InsectsMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Wiebke Haeger
- Department of EntomologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Yannick Pauchet
- Department of EntomologyMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
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Chen ML, Huang YH, Qiu BY, Chen PT, Du XY, Li HS, Pang H. Changes in life history traits and transcriptional regulation of Coccinellini ladybirds in using alternative prey. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:44. [PMID: 31937243 PMCID: PMC6958754 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ladybird beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) are highly diverse in their feeding habits. Most of them are specialist feeders, while some can have a broad spectrum of prey. As a representative group of generalists, the tribe Coccinellini includes many aphidophagous species, but members of this tribe also feed on other hemipterous insects including coccids, psyllids and whiteflies. As a result, several species are effective biological control agents or invasive species with serious non-target effects. Despite their economic importance, relatively little is known about how they adapt to new prey. RESULTS In this study, comparisons of the life history traits and transcriptomes of ladybirds fed initial (aphids) and alternative prey (mealybugs) were performed in three Coccinellini species. The use of alternative prey greatly decreased performance, implied by the significantly prolonged development time and decreased survival rate and adult weight. Prey shifts resulted in a set of differentially expressed genes encoding chemosensory proteins and digestive and detoxifying enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that these generalists do not perform well when they use alternative prey as the sole nutrition source. Although their capacity for predation might have created an opportunity to use varied prey, they must adapt to physiological obstacles including chemosensing, digestion and detoxification in response to a prey shift. These findings challenge the effect of Coccinellini predators on the biological control of non-aphid pests and suggest the possibility of non-target attacks by so-called specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bo-Yuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Pei-Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xue-Yong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hao-Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Hong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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20
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Wang B, Yang Y, Liu M, Yang L, Stanley DW, Fang Q, Ye G. A digestive tract expressing α-amylase influences the adult lifespan of Pteromalus puparum revealed through RNAi and rescue analyses. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:3346-3355. [PMID: 31054206 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midgut and salivary gland α-amylases are digestive enzymes required for the development of insects and have been investigated in some insect species. However, α-amylases in the endoparasitioid wasps have not been reported. Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is a dominant endoparasitioid wasp that parasitizes many butterfly species, including the Brassicaceae pest Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Here, we studied the characteristics and functions of three α-amylases in P. puparum. RESULTS We cloned three genes encoding α-amylases in P. puparum, PpAmy1, PpAmy2 and PpAmy3. The full length of the PpAmy1 cDNA is 1872 bp, encoding 496 amino acids, the PpAmy2 cDNA is 1863 bp long, encoding 518 amino acids, and PpAmy3 cDNA consists of 1802 bp encoding 521 amino acids. PpAmys are highly similar in amino acid sequences, but they have separate tissue distributions. Phylogenetic results show that gene duplications may occur between PpAmy2 and PpAmy3. PpAmy1 and PpAmy3 are most highly expressed in the digestive tract and the venom apparatus, respectively, while PpAmy2 is broadly expressed in all tissues. We report that PpAmy1 acts in the digestive tract, where it influences lifespan as demonstrated using RNAi and α-amylase rescue analyses, and there is no significant difference in longevity when PpAmy2 and PpAmy3 are knocked down. CONCLUSION PpAmys probably have roles in carbohydrate metabolism of P. puparum and its host/parasitoid relationships. The characterization and functional study of PpAmys lays the foundation for the protection and utilization of parasitoid resources, and the biological control of agricultural pests. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David W Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Kirsch R, Kunert G, Vogel H, Pauchet Y. Pectin Digestion in Herbivorous Beetles: Impact of Pseudoenzymes Exceeds That of Their Active Counterparts. Front Physiol 2019; 10:685. [PMID: 31191365 PMCID: PMC6549527 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many protein families harbor pseudoenzymes that have lost the catalytic function of their enzymatically active counterparts. Assigning alternative function and importance to these proteins is challenging. Because the evolution toward pseudoenzymes is driven by gene duplication, they often accumulate in multigene families. Plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) are prominent examples of expanded gene families. The pectolytic glycoside hydrolase family 28 (GH28) allows herbivorous insects to break down the PCW polysaccharide pectin. GH28 in the Phytophaga clade of beetles contains many active enzymes but also many inactive counterparts. Using functional characterization, gene silencing, global transcriptome analyses, and recordings of life history traits, we found that not only catalytically active but also inactive GH28 proteins are part of the same pectin-digesting pathway. The robustness and plasticity of this pathway and thus its importance for the beetle is supported by extremely high steady-state expression levels and counter-regulatory mechanisms. Unexpectedly, the impact of pseudoenzymes on the pectin-digesting pathway in Phytophaga beetles exceeds even the influence of their active counterparts, such as a lowered efficiency of food-to-energy conversion and a prolongation of the developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Kirsch
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Yannick Pauchet
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Magierowicz K, Górska-Drabik E, Sempruch C. The insecticidal activity of Satureja hortensis essential oil and its active ingredient -carvacrol against Acrobasis advenella (Zinck.) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 153:122-128. [PMID: 30744885 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, Acrobasis advenella is considered a pest of the highest economic significance in black chokeberry plantations, negatively affecting the quantity and quality of fruits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Satureja hortensis essential oil and its main constituent, carvacrol, on the life cycle and physiology of A. advenella. The metabolic activity of both preparations was evaluated against insect α- and β- glucosidase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. The results showed S. hortensis essential oil and carvacrol, are characterized by insecticidal activity against A. advenella larvae. It found an increase in catalase activity in A. advenella homogenates under the influence of carvacrol and an induction of polyphenol oxidase by S. hortensis EO with no changes in POX activity. Also, it was shown that the activity of α- and β-glucosidase significantly increased in larvae fed on inflorescences treated with the essential oil and carvacrol. These preparations particularly strongly affected β-glucosidase activity in the insect homogenates. S. hortensis essential oil reduced emergence the longevity of moths. The obtained results suggest that S. hortensis essential oil and carvacrol can be useful in protecting organic crops of black chokeberry but essential oils may be more effective biopesticides than their active ingredients separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Magierowicz
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Department of Plant Protection, Leszczynskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Górska-Drabik
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Department of Plant Protection, Leszczynskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Cezary Sempruch
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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Bichang'a GB, Lage JLD, Sambai K, Mule S, Ru BL, Kaiser L, Juma G, Maina EN, Calatayud PA. Salivary α-Amylase of Stem Borer Hosts Determines Host Recognition and Acceptance for Oviposition by Cotesia spp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Cruz WO, Sinhori GGC, de Lima CAR, Pontes EG. Biochemical Properties of α-Amylase from Midgut of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Larvae. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:698-708. [PMID: 29484545 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), is the main insect pest in the poultry industry, thus causing serious damage to production. In this work, the properties of midgut α-amylase from larvae of A. diaperinus were characterized, and its in vitro activity to proteinaceous preparations from different cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was determined, as well as the amylolitic activity of insects reared on different types of poultry diet. In order to establish some assay conditions, time course and enzyme concentration upon the reaction rate were determined. Product proceeded linearly with time, and the activity was directly proportional to the enzyme concentration. Banding patterns in mildly denaturing electrophoresis showed a single band with apparent molecular weight of 42 kDa. α-Amylase reached optimal temperature at 45°C and pH 5.0 as the optimal one. It maintained 34.6% of the activity after being kept at 60°C for 5 min, and 23%, after 60 min. However, at 80°C, only 14 and 6% remained after 5 and 60 min, respectively. The presence of Ca2+ and Na+ ions decreased the enzyme activity at concentrations higher than 2 and 100 mM, respectively. The activity was significantly inhibited by some proteinaceous extracts from common bean cultivars, and it declined with increasing proteinaceous concentration. No significant difference was observed when the amylolytic activity was determined in A. diaperinus reared on different poultry diets, offered to broilers in the starter, grower, finisher, and layer phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W O Cruz
- Lab de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Artrópodes Depto de Química, Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Br. 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brasil.
| | - G G C Sinhori
- Lab de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Artrópodes Depto de Química, Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Br. 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brasil
| | - C A R de Lima
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - E G Pontes
- Lab de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Artrópodes Depto de Química, Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Br. 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brasil
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Melis R, Braca A, Mulas G, Sanna R, Spada S, Serra G, Fadda ML, Roggio T, Uzzau S, Anedda R. Effect of freezing and drying processes on the molecular traits of edible yellow mealworm. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lovera M, Pérez E, Laurentin A. Digestibility of starches isolated from stem and root tubers of arracacha, cassava, cush–cush yam, potato and taro. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 176:50-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nguyen VB, Wang SL, Nguyen AD, Vo TPK, Zhang LJ, Nguyen QV, Kuo YH. Isolation and identification of novel α-amylase inhibitors from Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ruan J, Yan J, Chen H, Jianping C, Sun W, Zhao G. Purification and properties of the chymotrypsin inhibitor from wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) of Israel and its toxic effect on beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 142:141-147. [PMID: 29107237 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel chymotrypsin inhibitor, which detected in the seed of wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides), was purified by ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography and Ultracentrifugation. On the basis of its specificity, this inhibitor was named WeCI (wild emmer chymotrypsin inhibitor). SDS-PAGE analysis displayed that the purified WeCI is a single chain polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximately 13kDa. The inhibition constants (Ki) for amylase and bovine pancreatic chymotrypsin were 1.12×10-9M and 2.41×10-9M, respectively. Automated sequencing and mass spectrometry analyses revealed that WeCI is a neutral monomeric protein consisting of 119 residues. In vitro, WeCI strongly suppressed bovine pancreatic chymotrypsin as well as chymotrypsin-like activities separated from the midgut of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua. No inhibitory activities were found against bovine pancreatic trypsin, bacterial subtilisin, or porcine pancreatic elastase. The primary structure of WeCI was markedly similar (46-95%) to those of several proteins belonging to the wheat crop chymotrypsin/α-amylase inhibitor superfamily and displayed the typical sequence motif of the α-amylase inhibitor-seed storage protein group. WeCI significantly inhibited the growth and development of Spodoptera exigua, dependent on inhibitor concentration. WeCI significantly increased the mortality rate of Spodoptera exigua and caused a significant decrease in its fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjun Ruan
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Yan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Jianping
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
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Kasar SS, Marathe KR, Bhide AJ, Herwade AP, Giri AP, Maheshwari VL, Pawar PK. A glycoprotein α-amylase inhibitor from Withania somnifera differentially inhibits various α-amylases and affects the growth and development of Tribolium castaneum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1382-1390. [PMID: 27770482 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification and characterisation of plant defensive molecules enrich our resources to design crop protection strategies. In particular, plant-derived proteinaceous inhibitor(s) of insect digestive enzymes appear to be a safe, sustainable and attractive option. RESULTS A glycoprotein having non-competitive α-amylase inhibitory activity with a molecular weight of 8.3 kDa was isolated and purified from seeds of Withania somnifera α-amylase inhibitor (WSAI). Its mass spectrometry analysis revealed 59% sequence coverage with Wrightide II-type α-amylase inhibitor from Wrightia religiosa. A dose-dependent inhibition of α-amylases from Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, Helicoverpa armigera and Tribolium castaneum was recorded. Interestingly, WSAI did not inhibit human salivary α-amylase significantly. When adults of T. castaneum were fed with WSAI (1.6 mg g-1 ), decrease in consumption, growth and efficiency of conversion of ingested food was evident, along with over fourfold increases in feeding deterrence index. A decline in larval residual α-amylase activity after feeding of WSAI resulted in a reduction in longevity of T. castaneum. CONCLUSION The study reflects the significance of WSAI in affecting the overall growth and development of T. castaneum. Pre- and post-harvest pest resistive capability makes WSAI a potential candidate for insect pest management. Further, the effectiveness of this inhibitor could be explored either in formulations or through a transgenic approach. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainath S Kasar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kiran R Marathe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amey J Bhide
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijeet P Herwade
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay L Maheshwari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj K Pawar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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Molecular features of grass allergens and development of biotechnological approaches for allergy prevention. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:545-556. [PMID: 28535924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are characterized by elevated allergen-specific IgE and excessive inflammatory cell responses. Among the reported plant allergens, grass pollen and grain allergens, derived from agriculturally important members of the Poaceae family such as rice, wheat and barley, are the most dominant and difficult to prevent. Although many allergen homologs have been predicted from species such as wheat and timothy grass, fundamental aspects such as the evolution and function of plant pollen allergens remain largely unclear. With the development of genetic engineering and genomics, more primary sequences, functions and structures of plant allergens have been uncovered, and molecular component-based allergen-specific immunotherapies are being developed. In this review, we aim to provide an update on (i) the distribution and importance of pollen and grain allergens of the Poaceae family, (ii) the origin and evolution, and functional aspects of plant pollen allergens, (iii) developments of allergen-specific immunotherapy for pollen allergy using biotechnology and (iv) development of less allergenic plants using gene engineering techniques. We also discuss future trends in revealing fundamental aspects of grass pollen allergens and possible biotechnological approaches to reduce the amount of pollen allergens in grasses.
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Bodláková K, Jedlička P, Kodrík D. Adipokinetic hormones control amylase activity in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) gut. INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:259-269. [PMID: 26782629 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the biochemical characteristics of α-amylase and hormonal (adipokinetic hormone: AKH) stimulation of α-amylase activity in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) midgut. We applied two AKHs in vivo and in vitro, then measured resultant amylase activity and gene expression, as well as the expression of AKH receptor (AKHR). The results revealed that optimal amylase activity is characterized by the following: pH: 5.7, temperature: 38.4 °C, Km (Michaelis-Menten constant): 2.54 mg starch/mL, and Vmax (maximum reaction velocity): 0.185 μmol maltose/mL/min. In vivo application of AKHs resulted in significant increase of amylase activity: by two-fold in the gastric caeca and 4-7 fold in the rest of the midgut. In vitro experiments supported results seen in vivo: a 24-h incubation with the hormones resulted in the increase of amylase activity by 1.4 times in the caeca and 4-9 times in the midgut. Further, gene expression analyses reveal that AKHR is expressed in both the caeca and the rest of the midgut, although expression levels in the former were 23 times higher than levels in the latter. A similar pattern was found for the amylase (AMY) gene. Hormonal treatment did not affect the expression of either gene. This study is the first to provide evidence indicating direct AKH stimulation of digestive enzyme activity in the insect midgut, supported by specific AKHR gene expression in this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Jedlička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Flemingovo sq. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Borzoui E, Naseri B, Nouri-Ganbalani G. Effects of Food Quality on Biology and Physiological Traits of Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:266-273. [PMID: 28011684 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biology and physiological traits of Sitotroga cerealella Olivier, a world-wide insect pest of cereals, were investigated on different grains (barley, maize, rye, sorghum, triticale, and wheat). Larval and pupal duration was the shortest on wheat and triticale, and the longest on sorghum. There were significant differences in survival rate of immature stages on grains with different seed hardness. The highest realized fecundity and egg fertility was observed on triticale and the lowest was seen on sorghum. Larvae fed on triticale and wheat showed higher amount of α-amylase activity than larvae fed on other grains. Maximum Vmax/KM ratio was determined for the midgut α-amylase of S. cerealella larvae fed on wheat. Whole-body protein, lipid, and glycogen contents of pupae reared on sorghum and rye were significantly lower than those reared on other grains. The statistical analysis showed that the clear correlation could be drawn between the biological characteristics and energy contents of S. cerealella on one side and seed hardness, amylolytic activity, and food consumed on the other. According to the findings of this study, the variable responses of S. cerealella to feeding on different host grains could be attributed to the quality of diets tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Borzoui
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - B Naseri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
- Corresponding author
| | - G Nouri-Ganbalani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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Schlüter O, Rumpold B, Holzhauser T, Roth A, Vogel RF, Quasigroch W, Vogel S, Heinz V, Jäger H, Bandick N, Kulling S, Knorr D, Steinberg P, Engel KH. Safety aspects of the production of foods and food ingredients from insects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27623740 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
At present, insects are rarely used by the European food industry, but they are a subject of growing interest as an alternative source of raw materials. The risks associated with the use of insects in the production of foods and food ingredients have not been sufficiently investigated. There is a lack of scientifically based knowledge of insect processing to ensure food safety, especially when these processes are carried out on an industrial scale. This review focuses on the safety aspects that need to be considered regarding the fractionation of insects for the production of foods and food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schlüter
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Birgit Rumpold
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Angelika Roth
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rudi F Vogel
- Chair of Technical Microbiology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie Vogel
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Heinz
- German Institute of Food Technologies, Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Henry Jäger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nils Bandick
- Unit Food Technologies, Supply Chains and Food Defense Department Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dietrich Knorr
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Engel
- Chair of General Food Technology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Briones-Roblero CI, Rodríguez-Díaz R, Santiago-Cruz JA, Zúñiga G, Rivera-Orduña FN. Degradation capacities of bacteria and yeasts isolated from the gut of Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2016; 62:1-9. [PMID: 27544667 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-016-0469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) feed on the xylem and phloem of their host, which are composed of structural carbohydrates and organic compounds that are not easily degraded by the insects. Some of these compounds might be hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes produced by microbes present in the gut of these insects. In this study, we evaluated the enzymatic capacity of bacteria (Acinetobacter lwoffii, Arthrobacter sp., Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas azotoformans, and Rahnella sp.) and yeasts (Candida piceae, Candida oregonensis, Cyberlindnera americana, Zygoascus sp., and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) isolated from the Dendroctonus rhizophagus gut to hydrolyze cellulose, xylan, pectin, starch, lipids, and esters. All isolates, with the exception of C. piceae, showed lipolytic activity. Furthermore, P. putida, P. azotoformans, C. americana, C. piceae, and R. mucilaginosa presented amylolytic activity. Esterase activity was shown by A. lwoffii, P. azotoformans, and Rahnella sp. Cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities were present only in Arthrobacter sp. and P. azotoformans. The pectinolytic activity was not recorded in any isolate. This is the first study to provide evidence on the capacity of microbes associated with the D. rhizophagus gut to hydrolyze specific substrates, which might cover part of the nutritional requirements for the development, fitness, and survival of these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos I Briones-Roblero
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico
| | - José A Santiago-Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico
| | - Flor N Rivera-Orduña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico.
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Sharifloo A, Zibaee A, Sendi JJ, Jahroumi KT. Characterization of a Digestive α-Amylase in the Midgut of Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Front Physiol 2016; 7:96. [PMID: 27014094 PMCID: PMC4791400 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study deals with a digestive α-amylase in the larvae of Pieris brassicae L. through purification, enzymatic characterization, gene expression, and in vivo effect of a specific inhibitor, Acarbose. Although α-amylase activity was the highest in the whole gut homogenate of larvae but compartmentalization of amylolytic activity showed an equal activity in posterior midgut (PM) and anterior midgut (AM). A three step purification using ammonium sulfate, Sepharyl G-100 and DEAE-Cellulose Fast flow revealed an enzyme with a specific activity of 5.18 U/mg, recovery of 13.20, purification fold of 19.25 and molecular weight of 88 kDa. The purified α-amylase had the highest activity at optimal pH and temperature of 8 and 35°C. Also, the enzyme had Vmax values of 4.64 and 3.02 U/mg protein and Km values of 1.37 and 1.74% using starch and glycogen as substrates, respectively. Different concentrations of acarbose, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, and ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethylether) N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid significantly decreased activity of the purified α-amylase. The 4th instar larvae of P. brassicae were fed on the treated leaves of Raphanus sativus L. with 0.22 mM of Acarbose to find in vivo effects on nutritional indices, α-amylase activity, and gene expression. The significant differences were only found in conversion efficiency of digested food, relative growth rate, and metabolic cost of control and fed larvae on Acarbose. Also, amylolytic activity significantly decreased in the treated larvae by both biochemical and native-PAGE experiments. Results of RT-PCR revealed a gene with 621 bp length responsible for α-amylase expression that had 75% identity with Papilio xuthus and P. polytes. Finally, qRT-PCR revealed higher expression of α-amylase in control larvae compared to acarbose-fed ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sharifloo
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Zibaee
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan Rasht, Iran
| | - Jalal J Sendi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan Rasht, Iran
| | - Khalil Talebi Jahroumi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran Karaj, Iran
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Mendes GRL, Alves CL, Lopes Cavalheiro P, Bretanha CC, Pagnussatt FA, Badiale-Furlong E. α-Amylase Inhibitors from Wheat Against Development and Toxigenic Potential ofFusarium verticillioides. Cereal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-11-14-0227-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela R. Lemos Mendes
- Rio Grande Federal University, Food Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália, km 8, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Chiara Leal Alves
- Rio Grande Federal University, Food Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália, km 8, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Paola Lopes Cavalheiro
- Rio Grande Federal University, Food Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália, km 8, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Costa Bretanha
- Rio Grande Federal University, Food Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália, km 8, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Arnhold Pagnussatt
- Rio Grande Federal University, Food Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália, km 8, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Eliana Badiale-Furlong
- Rio Grande Federal University, Food Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália, km 8, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
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Bhide AJ, Channale SM, Patil SS, Gupta VS, Ramasamy S, Giri AP. Biochemical, structural and functional diversity between two digestive α-amylases from Helicoverpa armigera. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1719-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Improvement of starch digestion using α-amylase entrapped in pectin-polyvinyl alcohol blend. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:145903. [PMID: 25949991 PMCID: PMC4407515 DOI: 10.1155/2015/145903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and pectin blends were used to entrap α-amylase (Termamyl) using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The effect of glutaraldehyde concentration (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25%) on the activity of the immobilized enzyme and rate of enzyme released was tested during a 24 h period. Characteristics of the material, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile strength (TS), elongation, and rate of dissolution in water (pH 5.7), ruminal buffering solution (pH 7.0), and reactor containing 0.1 mol L−1 sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5), were also analyzed. SEM results showed that the surfaces of the pectin/PVA/amylase films were highly irregular and rough. TS values increased as a function of glutaraldehyde concentration, whereas percentage of elongation (%E) decreased. Pectin/PVA/amylase films presented similar values of solubility in the tested solvents. The material obtained with 0.25% glutaraldehyde performed best with repeated use (active for 24 h), in a phosphate buffer reactor. By contrast, the material obtained with 1.25% glutaraldehyde presented higher performance during in vitro testing using an artificial rumen. The results suggest that pectin/PVA/amylase is a highly promising material for biotechnological applications.
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