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Rio P, Gasbarrini A, Gambassi G, Cianci R. Pollutants, microbiota and immune system: frenemies within the gut. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1285186. [PMID: 38799688 PMCID: PMC11116734 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1285186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pollution is a critical concern of modern society for its heterogeneous effects on human health, despite a widespread lack of awareness. Environmental pollutants promote several pathologies through different molecular mechanisms. Pollutants can affect the immune system and related pathways, perturbing its regulation and triggering pro-inflammatory responses. The exposure to several pollutants also leads to alterations in gut microbiota with a decreasing abundance of beneficial microbes, such as short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, and an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory species. The subsequent intestinal barrier dysfunction, together with oxidative stress and increased inflammatory responses, plays a role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. Moreover, pollutants encourage the inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence through various mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, dysregulation of cellular signalling pathways, cell cycle impairment and genomic instability. In this narrative review, we will describe the interplay between pollutants, gut microbiota, and the immune system, focusing on their relationship with inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying the health-to-disease transition may allow the design of public health policies aimed at reducing the burden of disease related to pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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2
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Luiz-Ferreira A, Stolfi C. Special Issue "Drug Treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases". Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:59. [PMID: 38256892 PMCID: PMC10818883 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic idiopathic, relapsing and remitting inflammatory diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract, causing significant morbidity and loss of quality of life in affected individuals [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Luiz-Ferreira
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Catalão (UFCAT), Catalão 75704-020, GO, Brazil
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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3
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Zhou X, Gou K, Xu J, Jian L, Luo Y, Li C, Guan X, Qiu J, Zou J, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Zeng T, Zhou Y, Xiao Y, Yang X, Chen W, Gao P, Liu C, Zhou Y, Tao L, Liu X, Cen X, Chen Q, Sun Q, Luo Y, Zhao Y. Discovery and Optimization of Novel hDHODH Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14755-14786. [PMID: 37870434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
As a key rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides, human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) is considered a known target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Herein, BAY 41-2272 with a 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine scaffold was identified as an hDHODH inhibitor by screening an active compound library containing 5091 molecules. Further optimization led to 2-(1-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylpyrimidin-4-amine (w2), which was found to be the most promising and drug-like compound with potent inhibitory activity against hDHODH (IC50 = 173.4 nM). Compound w2 demonstrated acceptable pharmacokinetic characteristics and alleviated the severity of acute ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, w2 exerted better therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis than hDHODH inhibitor vidofludimus and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib. Taken together, w2 is a promising hDHODH inhibitor for the treatment of IBD and deserves to be developed as a preclinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Kun Gou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lunan Jian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chungen Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiao Zou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Xi Zhong
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuzhou Xiao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunqi Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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4
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Rivas-Arancibia S, Miranda-Martínez A, Rodríguez-Martínez E, Hernández-Orozco E, Valdés-Fuentes M, De la Rosa-Sierra R. Ozone Environmental Pollution: Relationship between the Intestine and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1323. [PMID: 37507863 PMCID: PMC10376557 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated exposure to environmental ozone causes a chronic state of oxidative stress. This state is present in chronic degenerative diseases and induces a loss of control of the inflammatory response. Redox system dysfunction and failures in control of inflammatory responses are involved in a vicious circle that maintains and increases the degenerative process. The intestine also responds to secondary reactive species formed by exposure to ozone doses, generating noxious stimuli that increase degenerative damage. This review aims to elucidate how environmental pollution, mainly by ozone, induces a state of chronic oxidative stress with the loss of regulation of the inflammatory response, both in the intestine and in the brain, where the functionality of both structures is altered and plays a determining role in some neurodegenerative and chronic degenerative diseases. For this purpose, we searched for information on sites such as the Cochrane Library Database, PubMed, Scopus, and Medscape. Reviewing the data published, we can conclude that environmental pollutants are a severe health problem. Ozone pollution has different pathways of action, both molecular and systemic, and participates in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease as well in bowel diseases as Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Crohn's Disease, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selva Rivas-Arancibia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Miranda-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Erika Rodríguez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Hernández-Orozco
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Marlen Valdés-Fuentes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto De la Rosa-Sierra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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5
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Ronaldson A, Arias de la Torre J, Ashworth M, Hansell AL, Hotopf M, Mudway I, Stewart R, Dregan A, Bakolis I. Associations between air pollution and multimorbidity in the UK Biobank: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1035415. [PMID: 36530697 PMCID: PMC9755180 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term exposure to air pollution concentrations is known to be adversely associated with a broad range of single non-communicable diseases, but its role in multimorbidity has not been investigated in the UK. We aimed to assess associations between long-term air pollution exposure and multimorbidity status, severity, and patterns using the UK Biobank cohort. Methods Multimorbidity status was calculated based on 41 physical and mental conditions. We assessed cross-sectional associations between annual modeled particulate matter (PM)2.5, PMcoarse, PM10, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations (μg/m3-modeled to residential address) and multimorbidity status at the baseline assessment (2006-2010) in 364,144 people (mean age: 52.2 ± 8.1 years, 52.6% female). Air pollutants were categorized into quartiles to assess dose-response associations. Among those with multimorbidity (≥2 conditions; n = 156,395) we assessed associations between air pollutant exposure levels and multimorbidity severity and multimorbidity patterns, which were identified using exploratory factor analysis. Associations were explored using generalized linear models adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental indicators. Results Higher exposures to PM2.5, and NO2 were associated with multimorbidity status in a dose-dependent manner. These associations were strongest when we compared the highest air pollution quartile (quartile 4: Q4) with the lowest quartile (Q1) [PM2.5: adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) = 1.21 (95% CI = 1.18, 1.24); NO2: adjOR = 1.19 (95 % CI = 1.16, 1.23)]. We also observed dose-response associations between air pollutant exposures and multimorbidity severity scores. We identified 11 multimorbidity patterns. Air pollution was associated with several multimorbidity patterns with strongest associations (Q4 vs. Q1) observed for neurological (stroke, epilepsy, alcohol/substance dependency) [PM2.5: adjOR = 1.31 (95% CI = 1.14, 1.51); NO2: adjOR = 1.33 (95% CI = 1.11, 1.60)] and respiratory patterns (COPD, asthma) [PM2.5: adjOR = 1.24 (95% CI = 1.16, 1.33); NO2: adjOR = 1.26 (95% CI = 1.15, 1.38)]. Conclusions This cross-sectional study provides evidence that exposure to air pollution might be associated with having multimorbid, multi-organ conditions. Longitudinal studies are needed to further explore these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ronaldson
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Arias de la Torre
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Mark Ashworth
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L. Hansell
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures and Health at the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, IoPPN and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Mudway
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Health Protection Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Stewart
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, IoPPN and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Dregan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, IoPPN and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Bakolis
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Wołyniak M, Małecka-Wojciesko E, Zielińska M, Fabisiak A. A Crosstalk between the Cannabinoid Receptors and Nociceptin Receptors in Colitis-Clinical Implications. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226675. [PMID: 36431153 PMCID: PMC9696262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) refer to a group of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders with complex pathogenesis characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation with a variety of symptoms. Cannabinoid and nociceptin opioid receptors (NOPs) and their ligands are widely distributed in the GI tract. The nociceptin opioid receptor is a newly discovered member of the opioid receptor family with unique characteristics. Both cannabinoid and NOP systems exhibit antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity and contribute to maintaining proper motility, secretion and absorption in the GI tract. Furthermore, they influence high and low voltage calcium channels, which play a crucial role in the processing of pain, and share at least two kinases mediating their action. Among them there is NF-κB, a key factor in the regulation of inflammatory processes. Therefore, based on functional similarities between cannabinoid and nociceptin receptors and the anti-inflammatory effects exerted by their ligands, there is a high likelihood that there is an interaction between cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 and the nociceptin receptor in colitis. In this review, we discuss potential overlaps between these two systems on a molecular and functional level in intestinal inflammation to create the basis for novel treatments of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wołyniak
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Zielińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Fabisiak
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-677-66-64
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7
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Grozić A, Coker K, Dussik CM, Sabir MS, Sabir Z, Bradley A, Zhang L, Park J, Yale S, Kaneko I, Hockley M, Harris LA, Lunsford TN, Sandrin TR, Jurutka PW. Identification of putative transcriptomic biomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Differential gene expression and regulation of TPH1 and SERT by vitamin D. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275683. [PMID: 36264926 PMCID: PMC9584396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders and affects approximately 4% of the global population. The diagnosis of IBS can be made based on symptoms using the validated Rome criteria and ruling out commonly occurring organic diseases. Although biomarkers exist for "IBS mimickers" such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), no such test exists for IBS. DNA microarrays of colonic tissue have been used to identify disease-associated variants in other gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. In this study, our objective was to identify biomarkers and unique gene expression patterns that may define the pathological state of IBS. Mucosal tissue samples were collected from the sigmoid colon of 29 participants (11 IBS and 18 healthy controls). DNA microarray analysis was used to assess gene expression profiling. Extraction and purification of RNA were then performed and used to synthesize cDNA. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to identify differentially expressed genes in patients diagnosed with IBS compared to healthy, non-IBS patient-derived cDNA. Additional testing probed vitamin D-mediated regulation of select genes associated with serotonergic metabolism. DNA microarray analyses led to the identification of 858 differentially expressed genes that may characterize the IBS pathological state. After screening a series of genes using a combination of gene ontological analysis and RT-qPCR, this spectrum of potential IBS biomarkers was narrowed to 23 genes, some of which are regulated by vitamin D. Seven putative IBS biomarkers, including genes involved in serotonin metabolism, were identified. This work further supports the hypothesis that IBS pathophysiology is evident within the human transcriptome and that vitamin D modulates differential expression of genes in IBS patients. This suggests that IBS pathophysiology may also involve vitamin D deficiency and/or an irregularity in serotonin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Grozić
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Keaton Coker
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Dussik
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Marya S. Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Zhela Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Arianna Bradley
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jin Park
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Steven Yale
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Maryam Hockley
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Lucinda A. Harris
- Mayo Clinic Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America
| | - Tisha N. Lunsford
- Mayo Clinic Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America
| | - Todd R. Sandrin
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Liang X, Xie Y, Liu X, Xu H, Ren H, Tang S, Liu Q, Huang M, Shao X, Li C, Zhou Y, Geng M, Xie Z, Liu H. Discovery of Novel Imidazo[4,5- c]quinoline Derivatives to Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) by Inhibiting Multiple Proinflammatory Signaling Pathways and Restoring Intestinal Homeostasis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11949-11969. [PMID: 36053746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a complex pathogenesis driven by immune inflammatory factors and intestinal microbiota, the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may rely on the comprehensive regulation of these important pathogenic factors to reach a favorable therapeutic effect. In the current study, we discovered a series of imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline derivatives that potently and simultaneously inhibited two primary proinflammatory signaling pathways JAK/STAT and NF-κB. Especially, lead compound 8l showed potent inhibitory activities against interferon-stimulated genes (IC50: 3.3 nM) and NF-κB pathways (IC50: 150.7 nM) and decreased the release of various proinflammatory factors at the nanomolar level, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12, and IFN-γ. In vivo, 8l produced a strong anti-inflammatory activity in both dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute enteritis models and restored the structural composition of gut microbiota. Collectively, this study provided valuable lead compounds for the treatment of IBD and revealed the great anti-inflammatory potential of the simultaneous suppression of JAK/STAT and NF-κB signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yongle Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xuyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Hairu Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou310024, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xueqing Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Chunpu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Zuoquan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou310024, China
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9
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Makaro A, Dziki Ł, Fichna J, Włodarczyk M. On the Way to Improve Diagnostic Marker Panel for Acute Appendicitis in Adults: the Role of Calprotectin. Indian J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-03063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCalprotectin is a positive acute-phase protein participating in innate immune responses and inflammatory processes. This protein is produced mainly in neutrophils, which infiltrate inflamed tissues and then increase the level of calprotectin in plasma, urine, or body secretions. Its measurement is used in the diagnosis of many inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we reviewed the studies evaluating the utility of calprotectin when the patient is suspected of acute appendicitis, one of the most common causes of abdominal pain. Fecal and serum calprotectin provide clinicians additional information as compared to routinely performed laboratory analyses. Moreover, among all forms of the protein, the fecal calprotectin seems to be a particularly promising biomarker due to its high resistance to degradation in the stool. In the future, innovative methods in the form of neural networks may play a valuable role in developing such panels. These findings are important because current literature showed that sensitive and specific markers of acute appendicitis are still urgently needed.
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10
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Su L, Ma F, An Z, Ji X, Zhang P, Yue Q, Zhao C, Sun X, Li K, Li B, Liu X, Zhao L. The Metabolites of Lactobacillus fermentum F-B9-1 Relieved Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Experimental Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:865925. [PMID: 35572623 PMCID: PMC9096258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.865925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the increased incidence and prevalence, ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a global health issue in the world. Current therapies for UC are not totally effective which result in persistent and recurrent symptom of many patients. Lactobacillus with anti-inflammatory effects might be beneficial to the prevention or treatment for UC. Here, we examined the ameliorative effects of the metabolites of Lactobacillus fermentum F-B9-1 (MLF) in Caco-2 cells and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC model mice. MLF displayed intestinal barrier-protective activities in Caco-2 cells by increasing the expression of Occludin and ZO-1. They also showed anti-inflammatory potential in interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. In order to further examine the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of MLF, the MLF was gavaged in the DSS-induced UC model mice. The intragastric administration of MLF effectively alleviated colitis symptoms of weight loss, diarrhea, colon shortening, and histopathological scores, protected intestinal barrier function by increasing Occludin and ZO-1, and attenuated colonic and systemic inflammation by suppressing production of IL-1β and IL-6. Finally, the use of MLF remodeled the diversity of the gut microbiota and increased the number of beneficial microorganisms. Overall, the results demonstrated that MLF relieved DSS-induced UC in mice. And MLF might be an effective therapy method to UC in the clinic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shengshengxiangrong (Shandong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Feifan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zaiyong An
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuyu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Chenzhang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
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11
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Mazur M, Włodarczyk J, Świerczyński M, Kordek R, Grzybowski MM, Olczak J, Fichna J. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase Inhibitor OAT-177 in DSS-Induced Mouse Model of Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042159. [PMID: 35216274 PMCID: PMC8875595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic and relapsing gastrointestinal disorders, where a significant proportion of patients are unresponsive or lose response to traditional and currently used therapies. In the current study, we propose a new concept for anti-inflammatory treatment based on a selective acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) inhibitor. The functions of chitinases remain unclear, but they have been shown to be implicated in the pathology of various inflammatory disorders regarding the lung (asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) and gastrointestinal tract (IBD and colon cancer). The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of AMCase inhibitor (OAT-177) on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced models of colitis. In the short-term therapeutic protocol, OAT-177 given intragastrically in a 30 mg/kg dose, twice daily, produced a significant (p < 0.001) anti-inflammatory effect, as shown by the macroscopic score. Additionally, OAT-177 significantly decreased TNF-α mRNA levels and MPO activity compared to DSS-only treated mice. Intraperitoneal administration of OAT-177 at a dose of 50 mg/kg caused statistically relevant reduction of the colon length. In the long-term therapeutic protocol, OAT-177 given intragastrically in a dose of 30 mg/kg, twice daily, significantly improved colon length and body weight compared to DSS-induced colitis. This is the first study proving that AMCase inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Mazur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (J.W.); (M.Ś.)
- OncoArendi Therapeutics SA, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.G.); (J.O.)
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (J.W.); (M.Ś.)
| | - Mikołaj Świerczyński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (J.W.); (M.Ś.)
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marcin M. Grzybowski
- OncoArendi Therapeutics SA, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.G.); (J.O.)
| | - Jacek Olczak
- OncoArendi Therapeutics SA, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.G.); (J.O.)
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (J.W.); (M.Ś.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-57-07
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12
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Speciale A, Muscarà C, Molonia MS, Toscano G, Cimino F, Saija A. In Vitro Protective Effects of a Standardized Extract From Cynara Cardunculus L. Leaves Against TNF-α-Induced Intestinal Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:809938. [PMID: 35222027 PMCID: PMC8874283 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.809938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of progressive disorders characterized by recurrent chronic inflammation of the gut. New unconventional therapies based on plant derived compounds capable of preventing and/or reducing acute or chronic inflammation could represent a valid alternative for the treatment or prevention of IBDs. Cynara cardunculus L. leaves, considered a food-waste suitable as a rich source of bioactive polyphenols including luteolin and chlorogenic acid, has been reported for its positive effects in digestive tract. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the in vitro molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of a standardized polyphenol-rich extract obtained from the leaves of Cynara cardunculus L (CCLE) against acute intestinal inflammation induced by TNF-α on intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. CCLE prevented TNF-α-induced NF-κB inflammatory pathway and the overexpression of IL-8 and COX-2. In addition, CCLE was able to improve basal intracellular antioxidant power in both TNF-α-unexposed or -exposed Caco-2 cells and this effect was associated to the activation of Nrf2 pathway, a master regulator of redox homeostasis affecting antioxidant and phase II detoxifying genes, stimulating an adaptive cellular response. In conclusion, our data clearly evidenced that, although considered a waste, Cynara cardunculus leaves may be used to obtain extracts rich in bioactive polyphenols potentially useful for prevention and treatment of inflammatory intestinal diseases.
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13
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Li F, Yan H, Jiang L, Zhao J, Lei X, Ming J. Cherry Polyphenol Extract Ameliorated Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Suppressing Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010049. [PMID: 35010176 PMCID: PMC8750665 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and nonspecific inflammatory disease of the colon and rectum, and its etiology remains obscure. Cherry polyphenols showed potential health-promoting effects. However, both the protective effect and mechanism of cherry polyphenols on UC are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of the free polyphenol extract of cherry in alleviating UC and its possible mechanism of action. Our study revealed that the free polyphenol extract of cherry management significantly alleviated UC symptoms, such as weight loss, colon shortening, the thickening of colonic mucous layer, etc. The free polyphenol extract of cherry treatment also introduced a significant reduction in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO), while causing a significant elevation in levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This indicated that such positive effects were performed through reducing oxidative damage or in a cytokine-specific manner. The immunofluorescence analysis of ZO-1 and occludin proteins declared that the free polyphenol extract of cherry had the potential to prompt intestinal barrier function. The reduced expression levels of β-catenin, c-myc, cyclin D1 and GSK-3β suggested that the cherry extract performed its positive effect on UC by suppressing the Wnt/β-ctenin pathway. This finding may pave the way into further understanding the mechanism of cherry polyphenols ameliorating ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (L.J.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Huiming Yan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (L.J.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (L.J.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Jichun Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (L.J.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaojuan Lei
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (L.J.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Jian Ming
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (L.J.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-023-68251298; Fax: +86-023-68251947
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14
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Yu X, Liu Y. Diosmetin attenuate experimental ulcerative colitis in rats via suppression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 signalling pathways correlated with down-regulation of apoptotic events. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211067292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammation of colon in which the innermost tissue of colon and rectum develops deep-rooted inflammation. Diosmetin is the aglycone of the flavonoid glycoside diosmin, commonly found in citrus fruits. Therapeutically diosmetin is indicated to demonstrate anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, oestrogenic and anti-inflammatory activity. Methods In this research, we studied the action of diosmetin on TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid)-induced UC in rats. Male Wister rats were anesthetised with pentobarbital and TNBS introduced by performing an enema. Diosmetin treatment was provided through oral gavage for the next 28 days. Animals were sacrificed on the 29th day and colon tissues were collected for further examinations. Results Diosmetin treatment decreased colonic ulceration dramatically and decreased the percentage of inflammation in the colonic mucosa. Depletion of the TNBS assisted of superoxide dismutase and catalase was substantially restricted, while lipid peroxidation was recorded in the colonic tissue as malondialdehyde content was also decreased. After treatment with diosmetin, the occurrence of TNF-α, IL-6and NF-κB was considerably lowered and the number of apoptotic cells observed was significantly reduced. Conclusion Taken together, these observations demonstrated the potential of diosmetin against ulcer formation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Teaching Materials, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang City, China
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15
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Dudek P, Fabisiak A, Zatorski H, Malecka-Wojciesko E, Talar-Wojnarowska R. Efficacy, Safety and Future Perspectives of JAK Inhibitors in the IBD Treatment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235660. [PMID: 34884361 PMCID: PMC8658230 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although development of biologics has importantly improved the effectiveness in inducing and maintaining remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), biologic therapies still have several limitations. Effective, low-cost drug therapy with good safety profile and compliance is therefore a substantial unmet medical need. A promising target for IBD treatment strategies are Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, which are small molecules that interact with cytokines implicated in pathogenesis of IBD. In contrast to monoclonal antibodies, which are able to block a single cytokine, JAK inhibitors have the potential to affect multiple cytokine-dependent immune pathways, which may improve the therapeutic response in some IBD patients. Tofacitinib, inhibiting signaling via different types of JAKs, has been already approved for ulcerative colitis, and several other small-molecule are still under investigation. However, one of the main concerns about using JAK inhibitors is the risk of thromboembolic events. Moreover, patients with COVID-19 appear to have an increased susceptibility for immunothrombosis. Therefore, thrombotic complications may become a serious limitation in the use of JAK inhibitors in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. As many questions about safety and efficacy of small molecules still remain unclear, in our review we present the current data regarding approved JAK inhibitors, as well as those in clinical development for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Dudek
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland; (A.F.); (H.Z.); (E.M.-W.); (R.T.-W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42677-66-67
| | - Adam Fabisiak
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland; (A.F.); (H.Z.); (E.M.-W.); (R.T.-W.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Hubert Zatorski
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland; (A.F.); (H.Z.); (E.M.-W.); (R.T.-W.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Malecka-Wojciesko
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland; (A.F.); (H.Z.); (E.M.-W.); (R.T.-W.)
| | - Renata Talar-Wojnarowska
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland; (A.F.); (H.Z.); (E.M.-W.); (R.T.-W.)
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16
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Maioli TU, Trindade LM, Souza A, Torres L, Andrade MER, Cardoso VN, Generoso SV. Non-pharmacologic strategies for the management of intestinal inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112414. [PMID: 34808552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and mucositis are characterized by intestinal inflammation, but vary according to their pathological mechanisms, severity, location, and etiology. Significant intestinal inflammation that occurs in these diseases induces weight loss, nutritional depletion, and gastrointestinal tract dysfunction. Nutritional support is important in alleviating symptoms and improving patients' quality of life. In this review, we summarize some nutritional components used to manage intestinal disorders. These include fatty acids, probiotics, parabiotics, postbiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and low FODMAP (LFD) diets. These components and LFD diets have been studied and clinical trials have been designed to develop new strategies to alleviate intestinal inflammation and improve the quality of life. Clinical trials on their use in intestinal inflammation do not allow firm conclusions to be drawn mainly because of the heterogeneity of the dose used and the study design or their inconclusive results. However, in the majority of cases, the use of omega-3, probiotics, parabiotics, postbiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and LFD improve the health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luísa Martins Trindade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lícia Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone Vasconcelos Generoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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17
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Zatorski H, Salaga M, Zielińska M, Mokrowiecka A, Jacenik D, Krajewska WM, Małecka-Panas E, Fichna J. Colonic inflammation induces changes in glucose levels through modulation of incretin system. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1670-1679. [PMID: 34535873 PMCID: PMC8599322 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), in Crohn’s disease (CD), is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether colitis is associated with changes in blood glucose levels and the possible involvement of the incretin system as an underlaying factor. Methods We used a murine model of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Macroscopic and microscopic score and expression of inflammatory cytokines were measured. The effect of colitis on glucose level was studied by measurement of fasting glucose and GLP-1, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) levels, prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC 1/3) and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression in mice. We also measured the level of GLP-1, DPP IV and expression of glucagon (GCG) and PC 1/3 mRNA in serum and colon samples from healthy controls and CD patients. Results Fasting glucose levels were increased in animals with colitis compared to controls. GLP-1 was decreased in both serum and colon of mice with colitis in comparison to the control group. DPP IV levels were significantly increased in serum, but not in the colon of mice with colitis as compared to healthy animals. Furthermore, PC 1/3 and GLP-1R expression levels were increased in mice with colitis as compared to controls. In humans, no differences were observed in fasting glucose level between healthy subjects and CD patients. GLP-1 levels were significantly decreased in the serum. Interestingly, GLP-1 level was significantly increased in colon samples of CD patients compared to healthy subjects. No significant differences in DPP IV levels in serum and colon samples were observed between groups. Conclusions Changes in the incretin system during colitis seem to contribute to the impaired glucose levels. Differences in incretin levels seem to be modulated by degrading enzyme DPP-IV and PC 1/3. Obtained results suggest that the incretin system may become a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Zatorski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Salaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Zielińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Mokrowiecka
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wanda Małgorzata Krajewska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Małecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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18
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Salaga M, Bartoszek A, Binienda A, Krajewska JB, Fabisiak A, Mosińska P, Dziedziczak K, Niewinna K, Talar M, Tarasiuk A, Kordek R, Fichna J. Activation of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 Affects Intestinal Inflammation and Improves Colon Permeability in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082716. [PMID: 34444876 PMCID: PMC8399282 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is considered an important trigger in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), as feeding habits can affect intestinal permeability and clearance of bacterial antigens, consequently influencing the immune system. Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), expressed on the intestinal epithelial cells, belong to the family of luminal-facing receptors that are responsive to nutrients. The objective of this study was to characterize the anti-inflammatory activity and the effect on intestinal barrier function of synthetic FFAR agonists in mouse models of colitis. Therapeutic activity of GW9508 (FFAR1 agonist), 4-CMTB (FFAR2 agonist), AR420626 (FFAR3 agonist), and GSK137647 (FFAR4 agonist) was investigated in two models of semi-chronic colitis: induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), mimicking Crohn's disease, as well as induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), which recapitulates ulcerative colitis in humans. Moreover, we assessed the influence of FFARs agonists on epithelial ion transport and measured the ion flow stimulated by forskolin and veratridine. Administration of FFAR4 agonist GSK137647 attenuated both TNBS-induced and DSS-induced colitis in mice, as indicated by macroscopic parameters and myeloperoxidase activity. The action of FFAR4 agonist GSK137647 was significantly blocked by pretreatment with selective FFAR4 antagonist AH7614. Moreover, FFAR1 and FFAR4 agonists reversed the increase in the colon permeability caused by inflammation. FFAR4 restored the tight junction genes expression in mouse colon. This is the first evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of selective FFAR agonists, showing that pharmacological intervention targeting FFAR4, which is a sensor of medium and long chain fatty acids, attenuates intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Salaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Adrian Bartoszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Agata Binienda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Julia B. Krajewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Adam Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paula Mosińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Katarzyna Dziedziczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Karolina Niewinna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Marcin Talar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Aleksandra Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-57-07; Fax: +48-42-272-56-94
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Carretta MD, Quiroga J, López R, Hidalgo MA, Burgos RA. Participation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Receptors in Gut Inflammation and Colon Cancer. Front Physiol 2021; 12:662739. [PMID: 33897470 PMCID: PMC8060628 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.662739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by the bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber, and they play a critical role in the maintenance of intestinal health. SCFAs are also essential for modulating different processes, and they have anti-inflammatory properties and immunomodulatory effects. As the inflammatory process predisposes the development of cancer and promotes all stages of tumorigenesis, an antitumor effect has also been associated with SCFAs. This is strongly supported by epidemiological studies showing that a diet rich in fiber is linked to a reduced risk of colon cancer and has significant clinical benefits in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SCFAs may signal through the metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors free fatty acid receptor 3 [FFAR3 or G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41)], FFAR2 (GPR43), and GPR109A (also known as hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 or HCAR2) expressed in the gut epithelium and immune cells. This review summarizes the existing knowledge regarding the SCFA-mediated suppression of inflammation and carcinogenesis in IBD and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Daniella Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo López
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Angélica Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Agustín Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Magalhães DDA, Batista JA, Sousa SG, Ferreira JDS, da Rocha Rodrigues L, Pereira CMC, do Nascimento Lima JV, de Albuquerque IF, Bezerra NLSD, Monteiro CEDS, Franco AX, da Costa Filho HB, Ferreira FCS, Havt A, Di Lenardo D, Vasconcelos DFP, de Oliveira JS, Soares PMG, Barbosa ALDR. McN-A-343, a muscarinic agonist, reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis. Life Sci 2021; 272:119194. [PMID: 33609541 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory response mediated of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) during experimental colitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS After the induction of 6% acetic acid colitis, mice were treated with McN-A-343 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg or dexamethasone (DEXA, 2.0 mg/kg) or pirenzepine (PIR, 10 mg/kg; M1 mAChR antagonist). Colonic inflammation was assessed by macroscopic and microscopic lesion scores, colonic wet weight, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, interleukin-1 beta (IL1-β) levels and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrate and nitrite (NO3/NO2), mRNA expression of IKKα, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well protein expression of NF-kB and COX-2. RESULTS Treatment with McN-A-343 at a concentration of 1.5 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in intestinal damage as well as a decrease in wet weight, MPO activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration, markers of oxidative stress and expression of inflammatory mediators. The action of the M1 agonist by the administration of pirenzepine, which promoted the blocking of the mAChR M1-mediated anti-inflammatory response, has also been proven. CONCLUSION The results suggest that peripheral colonic M1 mAChR is involved in reversing the pro-inflammatory effect of experimentally induced colitis, which may represent a promising therapeutic alternative for patients with ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva de Aguiar Magalhães
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jalles Arruda Batista
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Stefany Guimarães Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jayro Dos Santos Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alvaro Xavier Franco
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, LEFFAG, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Havt
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxinology, LTM, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - David Di Lenardo
- Laboratory of Analysis and Histological Processing, LAPHIS, Department of Biomedicine, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernando Pereira Vasconcelos
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil; Laboratory of Analysis and Histological Processing, LAPHIS, Department of Biomedicine, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Soares de Oliveira
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil; Biochemistry Laboratory of Laticifers Plants (LABPL), Department of Biomedicine, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcos Gomes Soares
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, LEFFAG, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Dos Reis Barbosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Homo- and Heterodimers of Natural Enkephalinase Inhibitors in Experimental Colitis in Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245820. [PMID: 33321720 PMCID: PMC7763892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: the pharmacological treatment and/or maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is currently one of the biggest challenges in the field of gastroenterology. Method: our aim was the synthesis of homo- and heterodimers of natural enkephalinase inhibitors (opiorphin; sialorphin; spinorphin) and the in vitro characterization of their effect on the degradation of enkephalin by neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and stability in human plasma. We investigated the in vivo heterodimer of Cys containing analogs of sialorphin and spinorphin (peptide X) in a mouse model of colitis. The extent of inflammation was evaluated based on the microscopic score; macroscopic score; ulcer score, colonic wall thickness, colon length and quantification of myeloperoxidase activity. Results: we showed that the homo- and heterodimerization of analogs of sialorphin, spinorphin and opiorphin containing Cys residue at the N-terminal position resulted in dimeric forms which in vitro exhibited higher inhibitory activity against NEP than their parent and monomeric forms. We showed that peptide X was more stable in human plasma than sialorphin and spinorphin. Peptide X exerts potent anti-inflammatory effect in the mouse model of colitis. Conclusion: we suggest that peptide X has the potential to become a valuable template for anti-inflammatory therapeutics for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) tract inflammation.
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Fabisiak N, Fabisiak A, Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A, Tymczyna L, Kamysz W, Kordek R, Bauer M, Kamysz E, Fichna J. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of human cathelicidin active fragment KR-12 in the mouse models of colitis: a novel potential therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:163-171. [PMID: 33219923 PMCID: PMC7862075 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic gastrointestinal tract disorders with complex etiology, with intestinal dysbiosis as the most prominent factor. In this study, we assessed the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial actions of the human cathelicidin LL-37 and its shortest active fragment, KR-12 in the mouse models of colitis. Materials and methods Mouse models of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were used in the study. The extent of inflammation was evaluated based on the macro- and microscopic scores, quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and microbiological analysis of stool samples. Results A preliminary study with LL-37 and KR-12 (1 mg/kg, ip, twice daily) showed a decrease in macroscopic and ulcer scores in the acute TNBS-induced model of colitis. We observed that KR-12 (5 mg/kg, ip, twice daily) reduced microscopic and ulcer scores in the semi-chronic and chronic TNBS-induced models of colitis compared with inflamed mice. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative changes in colonic microbiota were observed: KR-12 (5 mg/kg, ip, twice daily) decreased the overall number of bacteria, Escherichia coli and coli group bacteria. In the semi-chronic DSS-induced model, KR-12 attenuated intestinal inflammation as demonstrated by a reduction in macroscopic score and colon damage score and MPO activity. Conclusions We demonstrated that KR-12 alleviates inflammation in four different mouse models of colitis what suggests KR-12 and cathelicidins as a whole are worth being considered as a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Tymczyna
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Environment, University of Agriculture in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Bauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kamysz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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Walnut Oil Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation and Restores Intestinal Barrier Function in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051302. [PMID: 32370215 PMCID: PMC7284466 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis belongs to inflammatory bowel diseases, which is a group of chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a debilitating condition with a wide range of symptoms including rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and visceral pain. Current dietary habits often lead to imbalance in n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in favor of n-6 PUFA. Recent data showed the potential anti-inflammatory advantage of n-3 PUFA. Walnut oil (WO) is rich in those fatty acids and mainly consists of linoleic and linolenic acids that may act via free fatty acids receptors (FFARs). We assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of WO in the mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Moreover, we examined changes in the expression of tight junction proteins (TJ), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and FFAR proteins in the inflamed mouse colon. WO improves the damage score in inflamed tissue, significantly restoring ion transport and colonic wall permeability. Inflammation caused changes in TJ, FFAR, and pro-inflammatory gene proteins expression, which WO was able to partially reverse. WO has anti-inflammatory properties; however, its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. This stems from the pleiotropic effects of n-3 PUFA ligands associated with receptor distribution and targeted signaling pathways.
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Batista JA, Magalhães DDA, Sousa SG, Ferreira JDS, Pereira CMC, Lima JVDN, de Albuquerque IF, Bezerra NLSD, de Brito TV, Monteiro CEDS, Franco AX, Di Lenardo D, Oliveira LA, Feitosa JPDA, de Paula RCM, Barros FCN, Freitas ALP, de Oliveira JS, Vasconcelos DFP, Soares PMG, Barbosa ALDR. Polysaccharides derived from Morinda citrifolia Linn reduce inflammatory markers during experimental colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112303. [PMID: 31614204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE There are many reports of pharmacological activities of extracts and fractions of different vegetable-derived products in the scientific literature and in folk medicine. Ethnopharmacological use of these products by various communities continues to be extensively explored, and they account for more than half of all medications used worldwide. Polysaccharides (PLS) extracted from plants such as Morinda Citrifolia Linn present therapeutic potential in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC). AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of Noni-PLS against the intestinal damage in UC induced by acetic acid in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In acetic acid-induced colitis, the mice were treated intraperitoneally (ip) with Noni-PLS (0.1, 0.3, and 3.0 mg/kg) or subcutaneously (sc) with dexamethasone (2.0 mg/kg) 30 min before euthanasia to determine the best dose of Noni-PLS with an anti-inflammatory effect in the course of UC. The colonic tissue samples were collected for macroscopic, wet weight, microscopic and biochemical (myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate/nitrite (NO3/NO2), cytokines, cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS)) analyses. RESULTS Treatment with Noni-PLS reduced the intestinal damage induced by acetic acid as it reduced macroscopic and microscopic scores and the wet weight of the colon. In addition, MPO activity and levels of GSH, MDA, NO3/NO2, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and COX-2 expression reduced. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that Noni-PLS exhibits anti-inflammatory action against intestinal damage by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory action of cytokines, COX-2 and iNOS expression in the inflamed colon. Noni-PLS shows therapeutic potential against inflammatory disorders like UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalles Arruda Batista
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, Brazil
| | - Diva de Aguiar Magalhães
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, Brazil
| | - Stefany Guimarães Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, Brazil
| | - Jayro Dos Santos Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Maria Carvalho Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, Brazil
| | - José Victor do Nascimento Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, Brazil
| | - Ieda Figueira de Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, Brazil
| | - Nayonara Lanara Sousa Dutra Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, Brazil
| | - Tarcisio Vieira de Brito
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, Brazil
| | | | - Alvaro Xavier Franco
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, LEFFAG, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - David Di Lenardo
- Laboratory of Analysis and Histological Processing, LAPHIS, Department of Biomedicine - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Lorena Almeida Oliveira
- LabPol - Polymer Laboratory, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Judith Pessoa de Andrade Feitosa
- LabPol - Polymer Laboratory, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia Monteiro de Paula
- LabPol - Polymer Laboratory, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Francisco Clarck Nogueira Barros
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Ponte Freitas
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Soares de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms and Plant Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos Gomes Soares
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract, LEFFAG, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Dos Reis Barbosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, LAFFEX, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, Brazil.
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Maurer LH, Cazarin CBB, Quatrin A, Minuzzi NM, Nichelle SM, Lamas CDA, Cagnon VHA, Morari J, Velloso LA, Maróstica Júnior MR, Emanuelli T. Grape peel powder attenuates the inflammatory and oxidative response of experimental colitis in rats by modulating the NF-κB pathway and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Nutr Res 2020; 76:52-70. [PMID: 32155506 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most phenolic compounds and dietary fiber reach intact to the colon. We hypothesized that grape peel powder (GPP), a rich source of these bioactive compounds, modulates inflammatory and oxidative pathways collaborating to attenuate colonic damage in experimental colitis. To determine which bioactive fraction would be responsible for this effect, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with whole GPP or the isolated bioactive-rich fractions from GPP (extractable polyphenols [EP], dietary fiber and fiber-bound polyphenols [NEP-F], and dietary fiber) in rats with experimental colitis. Colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) after 15 days of dietary supplementation. EP diet did not reverse the decrease in feed intake and indeed worsened colon shortening and increased spleen weight; however, these effects were not observed for the GPP group, which had polyphenols associated to the matrix besides the extractable ones. Colitis impaired the activity of colonic antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, nitric oxide (NO) levels, and proinflammatory cytokines in serum and in the colon tissue. GPP restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased colon oxidation and NO levels. All grape peel fractions reduced the protein expression of the inhibitor of kappa kinase beta and NO levels in colon tissue, but only NEP-F reduced the expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B and myeloperoxidase activity. Results demonstrated that GPP attenuates inflammatory and oxidative response in TNBS-induced colitis by downregulating the nuclear factor kappa B pathway and upregulating antioxidant enzymes, with NEP-F being the fraction most likely associated to these protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana H Maurer
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology Farroupilha, Alegrete, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Cinthia B B Cazarin
- School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Andréia Quatrin
- Graduate Program on Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Natália M Minuzzi
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina M Nichelle
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Celina de A Lamas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Valéria H A Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joseane Morari
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lício A Velloso
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mário R Maróstica Júnior
- School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Graduate Program on Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Simulated gastrointestinal digests of corn protein hydrolysate alleviate inflammation in caco-2 cells and a mouse model of colitis. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:2079-2088. [PMID: 32431334 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, a typical chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, make up a growing share of the global disease burden. This study firstly evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of corn protein hydrolysate (CPH) using a cell model of tumor cell necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced inflammation and a mouse model of colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate. CPH digests significantly inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and reduced the secretion of interleukin-8 in TNF-α-induced inflammation in Caco-2 cells. In mice, CPH digests significantly improved the body weight loss, clinical scores, shortening of the colon and histological symptoms, and decreased the myeloperoxidase activity, and down regulated the expression of TNF-α, and interleukin-6 in the colon. The above results indicate that the CPH can potentially be used as a health food/nutraceutical for the treatment/management of intestinal inflammation.
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Angus HCK, Butt AG, Schultz M, Kemp RA. Intestinal Organoids as a Tool for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 6:334. [PMID: 32010704 PMCID: PMC6978713 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are difficult to model as freshly acquired tissues are short-lived, provide data as a snapshot in time, and are not always accessible. Many patients with IBD are non-responders to first-line treatments, and responders are prone to developing resistance to treatment over time—resulting in reduced patient quality of life, increased time to remission, and potential relapse. IBD is heterogenous and we are yet to fully understand the mechanisms of disease; thus, our ability to diagnose and prescribe optimal treatment remains ineffective. Intestinal organoids are derived from patient tissues expanded in vitro. Organoids offer unique insight into individual patient disease and are a potential route to personalized treatments. However, organoid models do not contain functional microbial and immune cell components. In this review, we discuss immune cell subsets in the context of IBD, and the requirement of immune cell and microbial components in organoid models for IBD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish C K Angus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A Grant Butt
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael Schultz
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Roslyn A Kemp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Maurer LH, Cazarin CBB, Quatrin A, Nichelle SM, Minuzzi NM, Teixeira CF, Manica da Cruz IB, Maróstica Júnior MR, Emanuelli T. Dietary fiber and fiber-bound polyphenols of grape peel powder promote GSH recycling and prevent apoptosis in the colon of rats with TNBS-induced colitis. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Oliveira NVDM, Souza BDS, Moita LA, Oliveira LES, Brito FC, Magalhães DA, Batista JA, Sousa SG, Brito TVD, Sousa FBDM, Alves EHP, Vasconcelos DFP, Freitas CDTD, Ramos MV, Barbosa ALDR, Oliveira JSD. Proteins from Plumeria pudica latex exhibit protective effect in acetic acid induced colitis in mice by inhibition of pro-inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2019; 231:116535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Role of glucagon-like peptides in inflammatory bowel diseases-current knowledge and future perspectives. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1321-1330. [PMID: 31359088 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic, relapsing, intestinal inflammatory disorders with complex and yet unrevealed pathogenesis in which genetic, immunological, and environmental factors play a role. Nowadays, a higher proportion of elderly IBD patients with coexisting conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes is recorded, who require more complex treatment and became a great challenge for gastroenterologists. Furthermore, some patients do not respond to anti-IBD therapy. These facts, together with increasing comorbidities in patients with IBD, imply that urgent, more complex, novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment are needed. Glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) possess numerous functions in the human body such as lowering blood glucose level, controlling body weight, inhibiting gastric emptying, reducing food ingestion, increasing crypt cell proliferation, and improving intestinal growth and nutrient absorption. Thus, GLPs and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors have recently gained attention in IBD research. Several animal models showed that treatment with GLPs may lead to improvement of colitis. This review presents data on the multitude effects of GLPs in the inflammatory intestinal diseases and summarizes the current knowledge on GLPs, which have the potential to become a novel therapeutic option in IBD therapy.
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High Expression and Clinical Significance of Elafin in Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:4946824. [PMID: 31281349 PMCID: PMC6590570 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4946824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The decrease of Elafin is associated with several inflammatory diseases. Exogenous Elafin may be a treatment for IBD. Little data has shown the expression of Elafin in patients of colorectal cancer. Here, we tried to explore Elafin expression in human tissues of colorectal cancer. METHODS We examined the protein expression of Elafin in human tissues of adjacent nontumor and colorectal tumor by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), then analyzed the clinical and RNA-seq data presented in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to confirm the relationship between Elafin levels and colorectal tumor. RESULTS Of the 88 paired samples, 68 colorectal cancer tissues indicated a high expression of Elafin compared with 52 matched adjacent noncancerous tissues. And the mRNA levels of Elafin in 35 paired tissues showed a similar trend. The RNA-seq and clinical data were available in 438 colorectal cancer tissues and 41 normal tissues in TCGA database. The RNA-seq data showed that Elafin mRNA was upregulated about twofold in colorectal cancer samples as compared to adjacent noncancerous samples (176.42 ± 402.13 vs. 96.75 ± 150.07; P = 0.208). No statistically significant correlation was found between the Elafin expression and the age, gender, tumor invasive stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis both at the protein and mRNA levels. However, the Elafin expression was correlated with clinical stage based on the AJCC guidelines at protein levels but not mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Elafin was upregulated in patients of colorectal cancer, resulting to potential limitations for exogenous Elafin treatment.
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Iaccarino N, Amato J, Pagano B, Di Porzio A, Micucci M, Bolelli L, Aldini R, Novellino E, Budriesi R, Randazzo A. Impact of phytosterols on liver and distal colon metabolome in experimental murine colitis model: an explorative study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1041-1050. [PMID: 31074304 PMCID: PMC6522980 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1611802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are known to reduce plasma cholesterol levels and thereby reduce cardiovascular risk. Studies conducted on human and animal models have demonstrated that these compounds have also anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, an experimental colitis model (dextran sulphate sodium-induced) has shown that pre-treatment with phytosterols decreases infiltration of inflammatory cells and accelerates mucosal healing. This study aims to understand the mechanism underlying the colitis by analysing the end-products of the metabolism in distal colon and liver excised from the same mice used in the previous work. In particular, an unsupervised gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and NMR based metabolomics approach was employed to identify the metabolic pathways perturbed by the dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) insult (i.e. Krebs cycle, carbohydrate, amino acids, and nucleotide metabolism). Interestingly, phytosterols were able to restore the homeostatic equilibrium of the hepatic and colonic metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Iaccarino
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Jussara Amato
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Anna Di Porzio
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- b Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Luca Bolelli
- b Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Rita Aldini
- b Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- b Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
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Direito R, Rocha J, Lima A, Gonçalves MM, Duarte MP, Mateus V, Sousa C, Fernandes A, Pinto R, Boavida Ferreira R, Sepodes B, Figueira ME. Reduction of Inflammation and Colon Injury by a Spearmint Phenolic Extract in Experimental Bowel Disease in Mice. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6020065. [PMID: 31174376 PMCID: PMC6630206 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) encompasses both Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, known to be connected to an enlarged risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is a Mediterranean plant used as an aromatic agent, and studies have mainly focused on the essential oil suggesting an anti-inflammatory activity. This work aimed to perform a preliminary screening of the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of a spearmint phenolic extract in an acute inflammation model, in a chronic inflammation model of colitis, and also study the effects in vitro on a colon cancer model. Methods: Spearmint extract was administered to rats of a paw oedema model (induced by carrageenan) and to mice from a TNBS-induced colitis model in parallel with studies using HT-29 CRC cells. Results: Administration of the extract led to reduced paw inflammation, reduction of colon injury and inflammation, with attenuation of histological markers, and reduction of iNOS expression. It repressed the in vitro movement of HT-29 cells in a wound healing assay. Conclusions: These findings suggest that spearmint extract exhibits acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activity and is able to inhibit migration of cancer cells, suggesting a potential role in the supplementary therapy of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Direito
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Lima
- Disease & Stress Biology Group, LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria Margarida Gonçalves
- Unidade de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Maria Paula Duarte
- Unidade de Biotecnologia Ambiental (UBiA), Grupo de Disciplinas da Ecologia da Hidrosfera, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Vanessa Mateus
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- H&TRC-Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Lisbon School of Health Technology, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Sousa
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rui Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Joaquim Chaves Saúde, Dr Joaquim Chaves Lab Analises Clínicas, 1495-068 Miraflores-Algés, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Boavida Ferreira
- Disease & Stress Biology Group, LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria-Eduardo Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Ho SM, Lewis JD, Mayer EA, Bernstein CN, Plevy SE, Chuang E, Rappaport SM, Croitoru K, Korzenik JR, Krischer J, Hyams JS, Judson R, Kellis M, Jerrett M, Miller GW, Grant ML, Shtraizent N, Honig G, Hurtado-Lorenzo A, Wu GD. Challenges in IBD Research: Environmental Triggers. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:S13-S23. [PMID: 31095702 PMCID: PMC6787673 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental triggers is part of five focus areas of the Challenges in IBD research document, which also includes preclinical human IBD mechanisms, novel technologies, precision medicine and pragmatic clinical research. The Challenges in IBD research document provides a comprehensive overview of current gaps in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) research and delivers actionable approaches to address them. It is the result of a multidisciplinary input from scientists, clinicians, patients, and funders, and represents a valuable resource for patient centric research prioritization. In particular, the environmental triggers section is focused on the main research gaps in elucidating causality of environmental factors in IBD. Research gaps were identified in: 1) epidemiology of exposures; 2) identification of signatures of biological response to exposures; and 3) mechanisms of how environmental exposures drive IBD. To address these gaps, the implementation of longitudinal prospective studies to determine disease evolution and identify sub-clinical changes in response to exposures is proposed. This can help define critical windows of vulnerability and risk prediction. In addition, systems biology analysis and in silico modeling were proposed as approaches to integrate the IBD exposome for the identification of biological signatures of response to exposures, and to develop prediction models of the effects of environmental factors in driving disease activity and response to therapy. This research could lead to identification of biomarkers of exposures and new modalities for therapeutic intervention. Finally, hypothesis-driven mechanistic studies to understand gene-environment interactions and to validate causality of priority factors should be performed to determine how environment influences clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James D Lewis
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Richard Judson
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Jerrett
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Melanie L Grant
- Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Gerard Honig
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Andrés Hurtado-Lorenzo
- Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, New York, New York,Address correspondence to: Andrés Hurtado-Lorenzo, PhD, 733 3rd Ave Suite 510, New York, NY USA 10017 ()
| | - Gary D Wu
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Beese SE, Harris IM, Moore D, Dretzke J. Body image dissatisfaction in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2018; 7:184. [PMID: 30424797 PMCID: PMC6234647 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a debilitating chronic disease characterised by inflammation and ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract. It is associated with a range of debilitating symptoms and reduced quality of life. People living with IBD may also be at risk of body image dissatisfaction (BID). BID is a distorted and negative view of the physical self, which in turn can adversely affect mental health and quality of life. To date, there have been no systematic reviews of the evidence on BID in IBD patients. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to clarify the evidence base on BID in *IBD patients including (i) the tools used to measure BID, (ii) the prevalence and severity of BID, (iii) the risk factors associated with BID and (iv) the relationship between BID and quality of life. METHODS Bibliographic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL) will be searched using a sensitive search strategy aiming to identify any quantitative study reporting on body image in the context of IBD. This will be supplemented by searches of ongoing trials registers and checking of reference lists. Studies will be assessed for eligibility using predetermined selection criteria for each question. Data will be extracted using a predefined data extraction form, and risk of bias (quality) of included studies will be assessed based on checklists appropriate to the study designs identified. Key methodological steps will be undertaken in duplicate to minimise bias and error. Synthesis will be undertaken separately for the different systematic review sub-questions. Given the anticipated heterogeneity of evidence on each question, it is likely that synthesis will be mostly narrative. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first systematic review to collate the existing evidence on BID in IBD patients. Understanding the impact of BID, its relationship with quality of life, and which patients may be at greater risk, may ultimately lead to the development of interventions to prevent or treat BID and to better patient care. Any gaps in the identified evidence will help to inform the research agenda in this area. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO: (CRD42018060999).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Elizabeth Beese
- Institute of Applied Health Research, Public Health Building, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Isobel Marion Harris
- Institute of Applied Health Research, Public Health Building, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - David Moore
- Institute of Applied Health Research, Public Health Building, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Janine Dretzke
- Institute of Applied Health Research, Public Health Building, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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Mantzouranis G, Fafliora E, Saridi M, Tatsioni A, Glanztounis G, Albani E, Katsanos KH, Christodoulou DK. Alcohol and narcotics use in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol 2018; 31:649-658. [PMID: 30386114 PMCID: PMC6191867 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2018.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate alcohol consumption and narcotics use among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Medline using relevant keywords. The references of the retrieved articles were also searched to identify additional articles. Only English-language studies that provided evidence on alcohol consumption and/or narcotics use among non-hospitalized IBD patients were included in the present review. Twelve studies were included that examined the use of alcohol among IBD patients. The prevalence of alcohol consumption among IBD patients appeared to be similar to that of the general population. The majority of the studies reported worsening of IBD symptoms among patients who consumed alcoholic beverages. Four studies were identified that evaluated narcotics use as analgesia among IBD patients. Narcotics use was prevalent among IBD patients and correlated with a longer disease duration and comorbid mental illnesses. The available evidence suggests that alcohol consumption may have a deleterious effect on IBD symptoms. Furthermore, a considerable proportion of IBD patients are reported to use a narcotic as analgesia and this was correlated with their mental health status. Further studies are needed to address these important facets of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mantzouranis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ioannina, Medical School (George Mantzouranis, Eleftheria Fafliora, Athina Tatsioni, George Glantzounis, Konstantinos H. Katsanos, Dimitrios K. Christodoulou), Greece
| | - Eleftheria Fafliora
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ioannina, Medical School (George Mantzouranis, Eleftheria Fafliora, Athina Tatsioni, George Glantzounis, Konstantinos H. Katsanos, Dimitrios K. Christodoulou), Greece
| | - Maria Saridi
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Academic Tutor at Hellenic Open University (Maria Saridi), Greece
- Correspondence to: Maria Saridi, PhD, Research Fellow, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece, Academic Tutor at Hellenic Open University, Greece, Sina 33, 20131 Corinth, Greece, e-mail:
| | - Athina Tatsioni
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ioannina, Medical School (George Mantzouranis, Eleftheria Fafliora, Athina Tatsioni, George Glantzounis, Konstantinos H. Katsanos, Dimitrios K. Christodoulou), Greece
| | - George Glanztounis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ioannina, Medical School (George Mantzouranis, Eleftheria Fafliora, Athina Tatsioni, George Glantzounis, Konstantinos H. Katsanos, Dimitrios K. Christodoulou), Greece
| | - Eleni Albani
- Department of Nursing, TEI of Western Greece (Eleni Albani), Greece
| | - Konstantinos H. Katsanos
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ioannina, Medical School (George Mantzouranis, Eleftheria Fafliora, Athina Tatsioni, George Glantzounis, Konstantinos H. Katsanos, Dimitrios K. Christodoulou), Greece
| | - Dimitrios K. Christodoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ioannina, Medical School (George Mantzouranis, Eleftheria Fafliora, Athina Tatsioni, George Glantzounis, Konstantinos H. Katsanos, Dimitrios K. Christodoulou), Greece
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Salaga M, Binienda A, Draczkowski P, Kosson P, Kordek R, Jozwiak K, Fichna J. Novel peptide inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (Tyr-Pro-D-Ala-NH 2) with anti-inflammatory activity in the mouse models of colitis. Peptides 2018; 108:34-45. [PMID: 30179653 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protease inhibition has become a new possible approach in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy. A serine exopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is responsible for inactivation of incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), a potent stimulator of intestinal epithelium regeneration and growth. Recently we showed that the novel peptide analog of endomorphin-2, EMDB-1 (Tyr-Pro-D-ClPhe-Phe-NH2) is a potent blocker of DPP IV and exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. The aim of this study was to design, synthesize and characterize the therapeutic activity and mechanism of action of a series of novel EMDB-1 analogs. The inhibitory potential of all peptides was evaluated using the fluorometric screening assay employing Gly-Pro-Aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) to measure DPP IV activity. Consequently, one compound, namely DI-1 was selected and its therapeutic activity evaluated using mouse models of experimental colitis (induced by TNBS and DSS). Macro- and microscopic score, ulcer score, colonic wall thickness as well as myeloperoxidase activity were measured. We showed that DI-1 blocks DPP IV in vitro (IC50 = 0.76 ± 0.04 nM) and attenuates acute, semichronic and relapsing TNBS- as well as DSS-induced colitis in mice after topical administration. Its anti-inflammatory action is associated with the increase of colonic GLP-2 but not GLP2 receptor or DPP IV expression. Our results validate DPP IV as a pharmacological target for the anti-IBD drugs and its inhibitors, such as DI-1, have the potential to become valuable anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Binienda
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - P Draczkowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - P Kosson
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Kordek
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - K Jozwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - J Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Rizopoulos T, Papadaki-Petrou H, Assimakopoulou M. Expression Profiling of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) Channels 1, 2, 3 and 4 in Mucosal Epithelium of Human Ulcerative Colitis. Cells 2018; 7:E61. [PMID: 29914124 PMCID: PMC6025154 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family of selective and non-selective ion channels is well represented throughout the mammalian gastrointestinal track. Several members of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) subfamily have been identified in contributing to modulation of mobility, secretion and sensitivity of the human intestine. Previous studies have focused on the detection of TRPV mRNA levels in colon tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) whereas little information exists regarding TRPV channel expression in the colonic epithelium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3 and TRPV4 in mucosa epithelial cells of colonic biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in comparison to colonic resections from non-IBD patients (control group). Immunohistochemistry, using specific antibodies and quantitative analyses of TRPV-immunostained epithelial cells, was performed in semi-serial sections of the samples. TRPV1 expression was significantly decreased whereas TRPV4 expression was significantly increased in the colonic epithelium of UC patients compared to patients in the control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference for TRPV2 and TRPV3 expression levels between UC and control specimens was detected (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between TRPV channel expression and the clinical features of the disease (p > 0.05). Further investigation is needed to clarify the role of TRPV channels in human bowel inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Rizopoulos
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rion 26504, Greece.
| | - Helen Papadaki-Petrou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rion 26504, Greece.
| | - Martha Assimakopoulou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rion 26504, Greece.
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Rahimi N, Hassanipour M, Allahabadi NS, Sabbaghziarani F, Yazdanparast M, Dehpour A. Cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation alleviates acetic acid intestinal damages in rats: Involvements of nitrergic and opioidergic systems. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:426-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Guan G, Lan S. Implications of Antioxidant Systems in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1290179. [PMID: 29854724 PMCID: PMC5966678 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1290179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The global incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of chronic gastrointestinal disorders, has been rising. The preponderance of evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress (OS) performs a critical function in the onset of IBD and the manner of its development. The purpose of this review is to outline the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract and the role played by OS in marking the onset and development of IBD. Furthermore, the review demonstrates the various ways through which OS is related to genetic susceptibility and the mucosal immune response. The experimental results suggest that certain therapeutic regimens for IBD could have a favorable impact by scavenging free radicals, reducing cytokine and prooxidative enzyme concentrations, and improving the antioxidative capabilities of cells. However, antioxidative activity characterized by a high level of specificity may be fundamental for the development of clinical therapies and for relapsing IBD patients. Therefore, additional research is required to clarify the ways through which OS is related to the pathogenesis and progression of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Guan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology and College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Shile Lan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology and College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of elafin in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is controversial. Here, we detected the expression of elafin in the peripheral blood and colonic mucosa of patient with IBD and then explored its role and value in assessing the activity and severity of IBD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-eight patients with IBD were selected as an experimental group. The control group included 38 healthy individuals. The expression of elafin mRNA in peripheral blood leukocytes and in serum was detected by qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The inflamed and noninflamed tissues were collected by colonoscopy. The expression of elafin in the intestinal mucosa was determined by immunohistochemistry staining and qRT-PCR. The expression of elafin between groups and among each stage of IBD was compared. The correlations of elafin expression with erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were determined by Spearman's correlation analysis and with clinical disease activity indices (Best Crohn's Disease Activity Index and modified Mayo scores) by Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS Elafin mRNA levels decreased significantly in active ulcerative colitis (UC) but increased in remission UC. However, in Crohn's disease (CD), we did not detect the aforementioned significant differences. Although serum IL-8 levels increased, serum elafin concentrations decreased both in UC and in CD, but the differences among stages were not significant. The expression of elafin in the inflamed colonic mucosa in both CD and UC was lower than that in the normal mucosa in controls and lower than that in the noninflamed mucosa in IBD. Moreover, the relative expression of elafin mRNA in peripheral blood leukocytes in UC was negatively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and modified Mayo scores, and in CD, it was negatively correlated with Best Crohn's Disease Activity Index scores. CONCLUSIONS Elafin decreased in active patients with IBD and was negatively correlated with disease activity, suggesting that elafin may play a protective role and could be used as an index to evaluate disease activity in IBD.
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Fat-soluble Vitamin Deficiencies and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 51:878-889. [PMID: 28858940 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin deficiency is frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Supplementation of vitamins could thus serve as an adjunctive therapy. The present meta-analysis reviews the deficiencies and alterations in serum fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) reported in IBD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed database search was performed to identify all primary studies up to January 2015 that evaluated the serum concentrations of fat-soluble vitamin levels in IBD patients compared with healthy individuals. We estimated pooled mean differences between groups and estimated their relations with some compounding variables (age, disease duration, C-reactive protein, albumin), using a meta-regression analysis. RESULTS Nineteen case-control studies met selection criteria. In patients with Crohn's disease (CD), vitamin A, D, E, K status was lower than in controls [D=212 μg/L.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 95.36-330.48 μg/L, P=0.0002; D=6.97 nmol/L, 95% CI, 1.61-12.32 nmol/L, P=0.01; D=4.72 μmol/L, 95% CI, 1.60-7.84 μmol/L, P=0.003; D=1.46 ng/mL, 95% CI, 0.48-2.43 ng/mL, P=0.003, respectively]. Patients with ulcerative colitis had lower levels of vitamin A than controls (D=223.22 μg/L, 95% CI, 44.32-402.12 μg/L, P=0.01). Patients suffering from CD for a longer time had lower levels of vitamins A (95% CI=7.1-67.58 y, P=0.02) and K (95% CI, 0.09-0.71 y, P=0.02). Meta-regression analysis demonstrated statistically significant associations between the levels of inflammatory biomarkers: C-reactive protein (P=0.03, 95% CI, -9.74 to -0.6 mgl/L) and albumin (P=0.0003, 95% CI, 402.76-1361.98 g/dL), and vitamin A status in CD patients. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis shows that the levels of fat-soluble vitamins are generally lower in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and their supplementation is undoubtedly indicated.
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Salaga M, Mokrowiecka A, Jacenik D, Cygankiewicz AI, Malecka-Panas E, Kordek R, Krajewska WM, Sobocinska MK, Kamysz E, Fichna J. Systemic Administration of Sialorphin Attenuates Experimental Colitis in Mice via Interaction With Mu and Kappa Opioid Receptors. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:988-998. [PMID: 28333341 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pharmacological treatment and/or maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is currently one of the biggest challenges in the field of gastroenterology. Here we aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effect and the mechanism of action of sialorphin, the natural blocker of the endogenous opioid peptide-degrading enzymes neprilysin [NEP] and aminopeptidase N [APN], in mouse models of IBD and the changes in the expression of these enzymes in IBD patients. METHODS We used two models of experimental colitis in mice [2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [TNBS]- and dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-induced]. Macroscopic score, ulcer score, colonic wall thickness, and myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity were recorded. Additionally, we measured the expression of NEP and APN in the colon of IBD patients and healthy controls. RESULTS We showed that sialorphin attenuated acute, semichronic, and relapsing TNBS-induced colitis in mice after systemic administration, and its anti-inflammatory action is associated with mu and kappa opioid receptors. CONCLUSIONS We show that indirect stimulation of opioid receptors by the blockade of NEP and APN is a promising pharmacological strategy for the treatment of IBD, and may become of greater importance than the use of classical opioid agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salaga
- Department Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Mokrowiecka
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - D Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A I Cygankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - E Malecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - R Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine,Lodz, Poland
| | - W M Krajewska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - M K Sobocinska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - E Kamysz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - J Fichna
- Department Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Mohammadi E, Qujeq D, Taheri H, Hajian-Tilaki K. Evaluation of Serum Trace Element Levels and Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Translating Basic Research into Clinical Application. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 177:235-240. [PMID: 27864666 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship of minerals and trace elements with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex. Alterations in their metabolism can be induced by the diseases and their complications. To study the role of trace elements in IBD patients' serum zinc and copper and their related enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), activity were measured in patients with IBD patients as well as in healthy subjects. In addition, the correlation between serum trace element levels, albumin, total protein, urea level, copper/zinc ratio, and disease activity (DA) was determined in these subjects. Serum samples were obtained from 35 patients (19 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 16 Crohn's disease (CD)) in the active phase of the disease and 30 healthy control subjects. Serum levels of zinc, copper, SOD activity, albumin, total protein, and urea were measured. The results were compared between the two groups using independent Student's t test in statistical analysis. Serum levels of zinc, SOD activity, albumin, and total protein were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in patients than controls, while serum urea level was significantly higher in patients compared to controls. Copper concentrations did not differ between patients with IBD (mean ± SD, 58.8 ± 20.7 μg/d) and controls (55.57 ± 12.6 μg/d). Decreased levels of zinc and SOD activity are associated with increased inflammatory processes indicating inappropriate antioxidant system in patients with IBD. Additionally, lower levels of albumin and total protein with higher level of urea reflect metabolic problems in liver system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooze Avenue, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooze Avenue, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooze Avenue, P.O. Box: 47176-47745, Babol, Iran.
| | - Hassan Taheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Annede P, Seisen T, Klotz C, Mazeron R, Maroun P, Petit C, Deutsch E, Bossi A, Haie-Meder C, Chargari C, Blanchard P. Inflammatory bowel diseases activity in patients undergoing pelvic radiation therapy. J Gastrointest Oncol 2017; 8:173-179. [PMID: 28280621 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2017.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies with contradictory results have been published on the safety of pelvic radiation therapy (RT) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS From 1989 to 2015, a single center retrospective analysis was performed including all IBD patients who received pelvic external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BT) for a pelvic malignancy. Treatment characteristics, IBD activity and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity were examined. RESULTS Overall, 28 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) (n=13) or ulcerative colitis (n=15) were included in the present study. Median follow-up time after irradiation was 5.9 years. Regarding IBD activity, only one and two patients experienced a severe episode within and after 6 months of follow-up, respectively. Grade 3/4 acute GI toxicity occurred in 3 (11%) patients, whereas one (3.6%) patient experienced late grade 3/4 GI toxicity. Only patients with rectal IBD location (P=0.016) or low body mass index (BMI) (P=0.012) experienced more severe IBD activity within or after 6 months following RT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We report an acceptable tolerance of RT in IBD patients with pelvic malignancies. Specifically, a low risk of uncontrolled flare-up was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Annede
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; Department of Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Seisen
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; Department of Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Klotz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Renaud Mazeron
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; Department of Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; INSERM1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Maroun
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; Department of Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; INSERM1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Claire Petit
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; Department of Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; INSERM1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France;; Department of Molecular Radiotherapy, University Paris-Sud, SIRIC SOCRATES, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Alberto Bossi
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; Department of Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Christine Haie-Meder
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; Department of Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; Department of Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; INSERM1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France;; NRBC Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Pierre Blanchard
- Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; Department of Radiotherapy Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;; INSERM1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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Gomes-Santos AC, de Oliveira RP, Moreira TG, Castro-Junior AB, Horta BC, Lemos L, de Almeida LA, Rezende RM, Cara DC, Oliveira SC, Azevedo VAC, Miyoshi A, Faria AMC. Hsp65-Producing Lactococcus lactis Prevents Inflammatory Intestinal Disease in Mice by IL-10- and TLR2-Dependent Pathways. Front Immunol 2017; 8:30. [PMID: 28194152 PMCID: PMC5277002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly expressed at all sites of inflammation. As they are ubiquitous and immunodominant antigens, these molecules represent good candidates for the therapeutic use of oral tolerance in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Evidences from human and animal studies indicate that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from uncontrolled inflammatory responses to intestinal microbiota. Hsps are immunodominant proteins expressed by several immune cells and by commensal bacteria. Using an IBD mouse model, we showed that oral pretreatment with genetically modified Lactococcus lactis that produces and releases Mycobacterium Hsp65, completely prevented DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Protection was associated with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α; increased IL-10 production in colonic tissue; and expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ and CD4+LAP+ regulatory T cells in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. This effect was dependent on IL-10 and toll-like receptor 2. Thus, this approach may open alternative options for long-term management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Gomes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Centro Universitário UNA, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pires de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Instituto Federal do Paraná, Palmas, Brazil
| | - Thaís Garcias Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | | | - Bernardo Coelho Horta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Luísa Lemos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Leonardo Augusto de Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Machado Rezende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Ann Ronmey Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denise Carmona Cara
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Sérgio Costa Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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Siczek K, Zatorski H, Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A, Kordek R, Tymczyna L, Fichna J. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of silver-coated glass beads in mice with experimentally induced colitis as a new type of treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:386-392. [PMID: 28267639 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies point at the anti-inflammatory action of silver through induction of apoptosis of inflammatory cells via oxidative stress, promotion of wound healing as well as antimicrobial effect. Our aim was to design a new formulation based on silver and validate its anti-inflammatory activity in the mouse models of colitis. METHODS Silver-coated glass beads were prepared using a magnetron sputtering method and a standard magnetron sputtering gun equipped with pure silver target. Colitis was induced by the ic administration of TNBS into colon (to mimic Crohn's disease) and addition of DSS to drinking water (to imitate ulcerative colitis). Evaluation of inflammation was performed based on macroscopic and microscopic scoring, quantification of the myeloperoxidase activity and colonic microflora analysis. RESULTS Silver-coated glass beads administered ic alleviated intestinal inflammation in mouse models of colitis, induced by TNBS and DSS. This alleviation of colitis resulted principally from changes in the gut microflora. The anti-inflammatory action of the new formulation was associated predominantly with the presence of the silver nanolayer on the beads, and to a lesser extent the size of glass polymer units. CONCLUSIONS The application of the newly developed formulation employing silver-coated glass beads has the potential to be translated to clinical conditions for the efficient treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Siczek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland; Department of Vehicles and Fundamentals of Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Hubert Zatorski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Environment, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Agriculture in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Leszek Tymczyna
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Environment, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Agriculture in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
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Staley C, Weingarden AR, Khoruts A, Sadowsky MJ. Interaction of gut microbiota with bile acid metabolism and its influence on disease states. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:47-64. [PMID: 27888332 PMCID: PMC5203956 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Primary bile acids serve important roles in cholesterol metabolism, lipid digestion, host-microbe interactions, and regulatory pathways in the human host. While most bile acids are reabsorbed and recycled via enterohepatic cycling, ∼5% serve as substrates for bacterial biotransformation in the colon. Enzymes involved in various transformations have been characterized from cultured gut bacteria and reveal taxa-specific distribution. More recently, bioinformatic approaches have revealed greater diversity in isoforms of these enzymes, and the microbial species in which they are found. Thus, the functional roles played by the bile acid-transforming gut microbiota and the distribution of resulting secondary bile acids, in the bile acid pool, may be profoundly affected by microbial community structure and function. Bile acids and the composition of the bile acid pool have historically been hypothesized to be associated with several disease states, including recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic syndrome, and several cancers. Recently, however, emphasis has been placed on how microbial communities in the dysbiotic gut may alter the bile acid pool to potentially cause or mitigate disease onset. This review highlights the current understanding of the interactions between the gut microbial community, bile acid biotransformation, and disease states, and addresses future directions to better understand these complex associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Staley
- BioTechnology Institute, Center for Immunology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Alexa R Weingarden
- BioTechnology Institute, Center for Immunology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Alexander Khoruts
- BioTechnology Institute, Center for Immunology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, Center for Immunology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
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Zarzecki MS, Bortolotto VC, Poetini MR, Araujo SM, de Paula MT, Roman SS, Spiazzi C, Cibin FWS, Rodrigues OED, Jesse CR, Prigol M. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Effects of p-Chloro-phenyl-selenoesterol on TNBS-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:709-717. [PMID: 27496677 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the protective effect of p-chloro-phenyl-selenoesterol [PCS; 0,2 mg/kg; 10 ml/kg i.g.) in colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid [TNBS; 2 mg/100 µl 50% ethanol; intrarectally) in mice. Several parameters including weight, length, histological analyses determination, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, reactive species levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of colon were evaluated. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α) and interleukin 6 [IL-6) were also assessed. Treatment with PCS reduced the clinical and histopathologic severity of TNBS-induced colitis, characterized by colon length reduction and increased colon weight and microscopic intestinal inflammation. The therapeutic effects of PCS in this model were associated with significant decrease in proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and decrease in MPO activity. Furthermore, combined with improvements in inflammatory parameters, treatment with the PCS was able to decrease oxidative stress and to prevent the decrease in antioxidant defenses in animals with TNBS-induced colitis. This finding suggests that PCS can improve experimental colitis in mice and it could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with IBD. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 709-717, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Márcia Rósula Poetini
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, CEP 97650-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvane Souza Roman
- Universidade Regional Integrada, Campus Erechim, CEP 99700-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Spiazzi
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, CEP 97508-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marina Prigol
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, CEP 97650-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Patlevič P, Vašková J, Švorc P, Vaško L, Švorc P. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in human gastrointestinal diseases. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:250-258. [PMID: 28462126 PMCID: PMC5390420 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, known together as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), and celiac disease are the most common disorders affecting not only adults but also children. Both IBDs and celiac disease are associated with oxidative stress, which may play a significant role in their etiologies. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radicals (O2•-), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and singlet oxygen (1O2) are responsible for cell death via oxidation of DNA, proteins, lipids, and almost any other cellular constituent. To protect biological systems from free radical toxicity, several cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms exist to regulate the production of ROS, including enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. Superoxide dismutase catalyzes the dismutation of O2•- to H2O2 and oxygen. The glutathione redox cycle involves two enzymes: glutathione peroxidase, which uses glutathione to reduce organic peroxides and H2O2; and glutathione reductase, which reduces the oxidized form of glutathione with concomitant oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. In addition to this cycle, GSH can react directly with free radicals. Studies into the effects of free radicals and antioxidant status in patients with IBDs and celiac disease are scarce, especially in pediatric patients. It is therefore very necessary to conduct additional research studies to confirm previous data about ROS status and antioxidant activities in patients with IBDs and celiac disease, especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Patlevič
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Prešov University in Prešov, Prešov, Slovak Republic
| | - Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Švorc
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Zábřeh, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Vaško
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Švorc
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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