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Khan A, Kashtoh H, Rauf A, Halim SA, Aleem AA, Bahadar H, Shareef H, Mabood F, Khalid A, Baek KH, Al-Harrasi A. Muscle relaxant and antipyretic effects of pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from the roots of Diospyros lotus L. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30547. [PMID: 38726163 PMCID: PMC11079251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present article describes the muscle relaxant and antipyretic effects of pentacyclic triterpenes, oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA) and betulinic acid (BA) isolated from roots of Diospyros lotus in animal models. The muscle relaxant effects of isolated pentacyclic triterpenes were determined by chimney and inclined plane tests. In the chimney test, pretreatment of pentacyclic triterpenes evoked significant dose dependent influence on muscle coordination. When administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to mice at 10 mg/kg for 90 min, OA, UA, and BA exhibited muscle relaxant effects of 66.72 %, 60.21 %, and 50.77 %, respectively. Similarly, OA, UA, and BA (at 10 mg/kg) illustrated 65.74 %, 59.84 % and 51.40 % muscle relaxant effects in the inclined plane test. In the antipyretic test, significant amelioration was caused by pretreatment of all compounds in dose dependent manner. OA, UA, and BA (at 5 mg/kg) showed 39.32 %, 34.32 % and 29.99 % anti-hyperthermic effects, respectively 4 h post-treatment, while at 10 mg/kg, OA, UA, and BA exhibited 71.59 %, 60.99 % and 52.44 % impact, respectively. The muscle relaxant effect of benzodiazepines is well known for enhancement of GABA receptors. There may exist a similar mechanism for muscle relaxant effect of pentacyclic triterpenes. The in-silico predicted binding pattern of all the compounds reflects good affinity of compounds with GABAA receptor and COX-2. These results indicate that the muscle relaxant and antipyretic activities of these molecules can be further improved by structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hamdy Kashtoh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar-23561, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Awan A. Aleem
- Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian, Pakistan
| | - Haji Bahadar
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Huma Shareef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Mabood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Pakistan
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
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Dubory G, Housset V, Bastard C, Liard R, Joulin M, Dubory A, Vasiliadis AV, Giovanoulis V. Impact of Medical Education in Middle School, Directed by a Science Teacher and a Healthcare Professional, on Self-Medication and Care System Literacy. A Comparative Prospective Cohort Study. MAEDICA 2024; 19:72-79. [PMID: 38736931 PMCID: PMC11079728 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2024.19.11.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Objectives:To assess the immediate and six-month follow-up effects of medical education simultaneously provided by a practitioner and a science teacher on middle school students regarding self-medication and knowledge of the healthcare system. Methods:Two groups were constituted: the learning group (L group), with students receiving an interactive medical education, and the control group (C group), which included students without medical education. Both groups were evaluated by using a six-multiple choice question (MCQ) evaluation form: three times for L group - just before the medical workshop (T0), immediately after the medical workshop (T1) and at six-month follow-up after the medical workshop (T2) - and only the evaluation at T0 for students in C group. Results:In L group (n=219), medical education improved all results of the evaluations related to self-medication skills (p<0.001) and knowledge of the healthcare medical system (p<0.001). Students retained their knowledge over time as no significant gap has been identified between T1 and T2 evaluations. Age, gender, grade and students' level did not have any impact on the results of L group. Students in L group had equivalent results to those in the C group (n=195) at T0 but the results increased at T1 (p<0.001) and T2 (p<0.001). Conclusion:Interactive medical education in middle school co-animated by a medical practitioner and a natural science teacher improves long-term teenagers' awareness of the current public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghita Dubory
- Department of General Medicine, Paris Sorbonne University, France
| | - Victor Housset
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Creteil, France
- Cell and tissue engineering for musculoskeletal disorders (Group 5) / Biology of the NeuroMuscular System (INSERM Team 10) / Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, U955 INSERM-UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Claire Bastard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Creteil, France
- Cell and tissue engineering for musculoskeletal disorders (Group 5) / Biology of the NeuroMuscular System (INSERM Team 10) / Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, U955 INSERM-UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Roxanne Liard
- Department of General Medicine, Paris Sorbonne University, France
| | - Marine Joulin
- Paul Vaillant Couturier Middle School. 20 Rue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94500 Champigny-sur-Marne, France
| | - Arnaud Dubory
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Angelo V Vasiliadis
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, Croix-Rousse Hospital, University Hospital, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Vasileios Giovanoulis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Creteil, France
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Batalla A, Martínez-Santos AE, Braña Balige S, Varela Fontán S, Vilanova-Trillo L, Diéguez P, Flórez Á. Dermatology Self-Medication in Nursing Students and Professionals: A Multicentre Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:258. [PMID: 38275538 PMCID: PMC10815575 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Current evidence shows that the prevalence of self-medication in healthcare professionals and their students is troublingly high despite them knowing the risks involved. There is limited research on self-medication in dermatology, and there are even fewer studies on this practice among nurses and nursing students, despite the potential mucocutaneous health problems that may affect them. The aims of our study were to examine the prevalence of self-medication mainly in the field of dermatology among nurses and nursing students as well as to explore if age or years of professional/academic practice influenced such behaviour. This multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. In total, 120 nurses from the University Hospital of Pontevedra and 303 nursing students from the Universities of Vigo and Santiago de Compostela (N-W Spain) participated in this study (n = 423). An ad hoc questionnaire was used to evaluate self-medication decision-making. Self-medication for dermatological diseases was reported by 58.39% (n = 247) of participants. Among our respondents, 44.44% of nurses and 42.68% of students would recommend treatment for skin diseases to a third party. We found a higher prevalence of medication without prescription in nurses than in students (p < 0.001). More experience (p = 0.01) and older age (p < 0.001) were associated with more self-medication in the case of nurses and students, respectively. The prevalence of self-medication and treatment recommendation to a third party are cause for concern. Identifying these situations and associated factors may help to implement evidence-based strategies and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Batalla
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Pontevedra, 36162 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.B.); (L.V.-T.); (Á.F.)
- DIPO Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Alba-Elena Martínez-Santos
- DIPO Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, Faculty of Nursing, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago, Spain
| | - Sara Braña Balige
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Pontevedra, 36162 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.B.); (L.V.-T.); (Á.F.)
| | - Sara Varela Fontán
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Pontevedra, 36162 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.B.); (L.V.-T.); (Á.F.)
| | - Lucía Vilanova-Trillo
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Pontevedra, 36162 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.B.); (L.V.-T.); (Á.F.)
- DIPO Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Paz Diéguez
- School of Nursing of the Provincial Council of Pontevedra, University of Vigo, 36004 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ángeles Flórez
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Pontevedra, 36162 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.B.); (L.V.-T.); (Á.F.)
- DIPO Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain
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Mejia CR, Ruiz-Aquino M, Garcia-Arteta G, Ramos G, Astete-Pérez I, Pineda-Cáceres M, Collahua-Briceño M, Vargas-Patiño K, Arias-Chávez D, Franchi T, Pedersini P, Tovani-Palone MR. Factors associated with the use of medicines and self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic in 12 Latin American countries. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22299. [PMID: 38173506 PMCID: PMC10761345 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered a rise in the global phenomenon of self-medication. The use of medicines with unsubstantiated claims of benefit for the prevention and/or treatment of infected people has been widely adopted. Objective To determine the factors associated with the use of medicines and self-medication by Latin American populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted via an analysis of secondary data collected from 8777 responses from 12 Latin American countries obtained from a survey on the use of medicines and self-medication during the pandemic. Results Respondents who reported using Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, or antibiotics (ABx) disclosed this as self-medication in 26.9%, 16.6%, and 9.7% of cases respectively. In our multivariate analysis, significant associations were found between: self-medication by individual choice and the use of Hydroxychloroquine, ABx, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (p = 0.026, = 0.003, and <0.001 respectively); self-medication on the recommendation of a family member, with ABx, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, or other NSAIDs (p <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001 respectively); and self-medication on the recommendation of another person, with Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Penicillin, other ABx, Warfarin, Ivermectin, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, or other NSAIDs (p <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, = 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, = 0.004, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001 respectively). Conclusion There was a significantly high prevalence of self-medication in our Latin American study population, including the use of medicines not recommended for COVID-19 treatment and/or prevention. The implementation of public health measures aimed at combating the worrying COVID-19 infodemic is essential to prevent this ongoing issue and its associated negative impacts on both current public health and future medication efficacy. This is especially important in the case of ABx due to the threat of a future antimicrobial resistance pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gin Ramos
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Katherine Vargas-Patiño
- Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru
- Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Thomas Franchi
- The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
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Malli IA, Hubayni RA, Marie AM, Alzahrani DY, Khshwry EI, Aldahhas RA, Khan RF, Zaidi SF. The prevalence of self-medication and its associated factors among college students: Cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102457. [PMID: 37869536 PMCID: PMC10589874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-medication with OTC or prescription drugs is widespread, may impair health, and leads to microbial resistance. Self-medication treats symptoms without a prescription. Self-medication is common among students across disciplines. Thus, this study evaluates medical and non-medical students' self-medication prevalence, knowledge, and variables. Methods 352 people completed a verified 25-item online questionnaire from September 5 to November 17, 2021. Self-medication and demographic characteristics such as gender, professional college, and family income were examined using a chi-square test of independence. Results 210 (59.6 %) participants were from the College of Medicine, and 142 (40.34 %) were from other professional health colleges. Health professional students self-medicated 55.9 %. This research found substantial connections between self-medication knowledge, gender, and family income. With a p-value of 0.0001, 32 % of women agreed that self-medication is safe, compared to 15.8 % of men. Female students were more likely than boys (61.9 % vs 38.1 %, p-value = 0.0291) to self-medicate as their initial therapy. Family income was also related to self-medication; 69.6 % of low-income pupils self-medicated to reduce doctor visits, p-value = 0.0477. Conclusion Students of all majors self-medicate. Medical students were more informed about generic drug safety and administration. There were substantial unfavorable sentiments regarding self-medication, highlighting the need for educational health activities to raise student understanding of its risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Abdullah Malli
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Ahmed Hubayni
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amirah Mohammed Marie
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhaii Yahya Alzahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elaf Ismeal Khshwry
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Abdulmohsen Aldahhas
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Fayez Khan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Faisal Zaidi
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan
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Arboleda Forero V, Cruzate Hernández JP, Yepes Restrepo M, Higuita-Gutiérrez LF. Antibiotic Self-Medication Patterns and Associated Factors in the Context of COVID-19, Medellín, Colombia: A Survey Based Cross Sectional Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:3057-3066. [PMID: 38027083 PMCID: PMC10680488 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s434030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the frequency of self-medication with antibiotics and its associated factors in Medellín, Colombia. Methods A descriptive study was conducted on 778 individuals surveyed regarding sociodemographic characteristics, self-medication with antibiotics, reasons for using these drugs, and types of antibiotics used. The analysis was performed in SPSS using absolute and relative frequencies with their corresponding confidence intervals, chi-square test, and logistic regression. Results The frequency of self-medication with antibiotics was 46% (95% CI 42.5-49.5), with 47.4% (95% CI 42.2-52.5) of the population using antibiotics without medical prescription for flu-like symptoms related to COVID-19. Amoxicillin (33.7%), azithromycin (10.9%), and cephalexin (4.7%) were the most used antibiotics. The main factors associated with self-medication were age group, zone of residence, and lack of information on the appropriate use of these medications. Conclusion The city exhibits a high frequency of self-medication with antibiotics, predominantly in conditions where they are ineffective, such as flu-like symptoms related to COVID-19. These findings highlight the contribution of the COVID-19 pandemic to bacterial resistance through self-medication and underscore the need to implement targeted actions to control the use of these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis Felipe Higuita-Gutiérrez
- School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
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González-Colominas E, López-Mula C, Martínez-Casanova J, Luque S, Conde-Estévez D, Monge-Escartín I, Ferrández O. Primary care electronic medication record discrepancies in patients starting treatment at a hospital-based ambulatory care pharmacy and impact on prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2023; 30:333-339. [PMID: 35086803 PMCID: PMC10647874 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-002963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of discrepancies between primary care electronic medication records (EMR) and patient reported medication (PRM) in ambulatory patients starting a hospital dispensing treatment (HDT) at a hospital-based ambulatory care pharmacy (HACPh). Our secondary aims were to analyse factors associated with the presence of discrepancies and their impact on the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with the HDT. METHODS Retrospective study including 230 patients starting a HDT at the HACPh. Pharmacists interviewed patients and PRM was compared with EMR. Discrepancies were classified as omissions (medication in the PRM not present in the EMR) and commissions (medication active in the EMR that the patients were not taking). Potential DDIs with the HDT were screened, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to detect factors associated with the presence of discrepancies. RESULTS We identified 221 discrepancies in 116 (50.4%) patients. Being visited by three or more medical specialties (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.37) and attending private healthcare (OR 4.36, 95% CI 1.14 to 16.72) in the 12 months before the study inclusion were the factors independently associated with the presence of discrepancies. Among patients with commissions (n=91), 15.4% had a potential DDI between the HDT and one medication from the EMR that they were not taking at that moment. Among patients with omissions (n=45), 11.1% had a potential DDI between the HDT and a medication in the PRM not present in the EMR. CONCLUSIONS About 40% of patients had one or more medications in the EMR which they were not taking and one fifth used medications that were not listed in the EMR. EMR should not be used as the only source of information when screening for DDIs, especially in patients followed by different medical specialties or combining private and public healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena González-Colominas
- Pharmacy, Consorci Parc de Salut MAR de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pharmacology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | | | | | - Sonia Luque
- Pharmacy, Consorci Parc de Salut MAR de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - David Conde-Estévez
- Pharmacy, Consorci Parc de Salut MAR de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pharmacology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | | | - Olivia Ferrández
- Pharmacy, Consorci Parc de Salut MAR de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pharmacology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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Kazemioula G, Golestani S, Alavi SMA, Taheri F, Gheshlagh RG, Lotfalizadeh MH. Prevalence of self-medication during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1041695. [PMID: 36408026 PMCID: PMC9669079 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1041695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on travel and quarantine measures made people turn to self-medication (SM) to control the symptoms of their diseases. Different studies were conducted worldwide on different populations, and their results were different. Therefore, this global systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, databases of Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched without a time limit. All eligible observational articles that reported self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Fifty-six eligible studies were reviewed. The pooled prevalence of self-medication was 48.6% (95% CI: 42.8-54.3). The highest and lowest prevalence of self-medication was in Asia (53%; 95% CI: 45-61) and Europe (40.8%; 95% CI: 35-46.8). Also, the highest and lowest prevalence of self-medication was related to students (54.5; 95% CI: 40.8-68.3) and healthcare workers (32.5%; 16-49). The prevalence of self-medication in the general population (48.8%; 40.6-57) and in patients with COVID-19 (41.7%; 25.5-58). The prevalence of self-medication was higher in studies that collected data in 2021 than in 2020 (51.2 vs. 48%). Publication bias was not significant (p = 0.320). Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, self-medication was highly prevalent, so nearly half of the people self-medicated. Therefore, it seems necessary to provide public education to control the consequences of self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnesa Kazemioula
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Golestani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Forough Taheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Lotfalizadeh
- Board Certificate Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences (NKUMS), Bojnurd, Iran,*Correspondence: Mohammad Hassan Lotfalizadeh
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Abdi SAH, Ali A, Fatma Sayed S, Ali A, Abadi SSH, Tahir A, Afzal MA, Rashid H, Aly OM, Nagarajan S. Potential of paracetamol for reproductive disruption: Molecular interaction, dynamics and MM-PBSA based In-silico assessment. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022:1-15. [PMID: 36253940 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2137872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol is generally recommended for pain and fever. However, as per experimental and epidemiological data, widespread and irrational or long-term use of paracetamol may be harmful to human endocrine homeostasis, especially during pregnancy. Some researchers suggest that prenatal exposure to paracetamol might alter foetal development and also enhance the risk of reproductive disorders. An imbalance in the levels of these hormones may play a significant role in the emergence of various diseases, including infertility. Therefore, in this study, the interaction mechanism of paracetamol with reproductive hormone receptors was investigated by molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) for assessing paracetamol's potency to disrupt reproductive hormones. The results indicate that paracetamol has the ability to interact with reproductive hormone receptors (estrogen 1XP9; 1QKM with binding energy of -5.61 kcal/mol; -5.77 kcal/mol; androgen 5CJ6 -5.63 kcal/mol; and progesterone 4OAR-5.60 kcal/mol) by hydrogen bonds as well as hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions to maintain its stability. In addition, the results of the MD simulations and MM-PBSA confirm that paracetamol and reproductive receptor complexes are stable. This research provides a molecular and atomic level understanding of how paracetamols disrupt reproductive hormone synthesis. The root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), Radius of Gyration and hydrogen bonding exhibited that paracetamol mimic at various attribute to bisphenol and native ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Aliul Hasan Abdi
- Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Al Baha 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabihul Fatma Sayed
- Department of Nursing, University College Farasan Campus, Jazan University, Jazan 54943, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amena Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abu Tahir
- Hakikullah Chaudhary College of Pharmacy, Gharighat, Gonda, U.P. - 271312, India
| | - Mohammad Amir Afzal
- Basic Biomedical sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Hina Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of pharmacy, Jazan university, KSA
| | - Omar M Aly
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Sumathi Nagarajan
- Department of Nursing, University College Farasan Campus, Jazan University, Jazan 54943, Saudi Arabia
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Rey A, Gras‐Champel V, Choukroun G, Masmoudi K, Liabeuf S. Risk factors for and characteristics of community‐ and hospital‐acquired drug‐induced acute kidney injuries. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:750-761. [PMID: 35037310 PMCID: PMC9545588 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drugs constitute one of the leading causes of acute kidney injuries (AKIs) and can appear in community (CA‐AKI) or hospital (HA‐AKI) population. The objectives of the present study of a cohort of hospitalized patients with AKI were to describe the characteristics of drug‐induced AKIs and the patients' short‐term outcomes and assess risk factors for drug‐induced AKIs overall, CA‐AKIs, and HA‐AKIs. Based on a cohort of 1557 hospitalized patients suffering from AKIs based on PMSI extraction and chart review (IRA‐PMSI), drug‐induced AKIs were identified by applying the Naranjo adverse drug reaction (ADR) probability scale. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with CA‐AKIs and/or HA‐AKIs. When considering the 1557 patients who experienced an AKI, 445 (28.6%) of the injuries were drug‐induced (180 CA‐AKIs (40.4%) and 265 HA‐AKIs (59.6%)). Antibiotics, diuretics, and contrast agents were significantly more likely to be involved in HA‐AKIs, whereas antineoplastic, lipid‐lowering drugs, antidiabetics, and immunosuppressive were significantly more likely to be involved in CA‐AKIs. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] [95%CI] = 1.3 [1.04–1.67]), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 1.8 [1.40–2.67]), and a history of ADRs of any type (OR = 1.3 [1.05–1.73]) were significant risk factors for drug‐induced AKIs. CKD was a risk factor for both CA‐AKI and HA‐AKI. In view of the long‐term impact of AKI on the kidneys and the differences between our CA‐AKI and HA‐AKI subgroups, our present results are interesting for optimizing treatments, limiting the occurrence of CA‐ and HA‐AKIs and (ultimately) reducing healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amayelle Rey
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology Amiens University Hospital Amiens France
- MP3CV Laboratory, EA7517 Jules Verne University of Picardie Amiens France
| | - Valérie Gras‐Champel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology Amiens University Hospital Amiens France
- MP3CV Laboratory, EA7517 Jules Verne University of Picardie Amiens France
| | - Gabriel Choukroun
- MP3CV Laboratory, EA7517 Jules Verne University of Picardie Amiens France
- Division of Nephrology Amiens University Hospital Amiens France
| | - Kamel Masmoudi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology Amiens University Hospital Amiens France
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology Amiens University Hospital Amiens France
- MP3CV Laboratory, EA7517 Jules Verne University of Picardie Amiens France
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Toure A, Camara SC, Camara A, Conde M, Delamou A, Camara I, Bangoura ST, Camara A, Diallo MB, Keita MB, Kourouma K, Camara R, Etard JF, Keita AK. Self-medication against COVID-19 in health workers in Conakry, Guinea. J Public Health Afr 2022; 13:2082. [PMID: 36051529 PMCID: PMC9425936 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2022.2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Data regarding the prevalence and consequences of self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa are very limited. The study aimed to explore the frequency and risk factors of self-medication against COVID-19 by health personnel in this study. This cross-sectional study took place in June 2021, in Conakry, in the all three national hospitals and the six community medical centers, and five primary health centers. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with self-medication. A total of 975 health workers with a median age of 31 (IQR: 27-40) years, with 504 (51.7%) women were included. The majority were clinicians: physicians (33.1%) or nurses (33.1%). Of all, 46.2% reported having had at least one COVID-19 symptom during the 12 months preceding the survey. The proportion of self-medication was 15.3% among national hospital staff, 12.20% in municipality medical centers and 22.6% in primary health centers (p=0.06). More than two-thirds (68.7%) who selfmedicated did not have a test for SARSCoV- 2 infection. They took antibiotics including azithromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin (42.2%), acetaminophen (37.4%), vitamin C (27.9%), hydroxychloroquine (23.8%) and medicinal plants (13.6%). The median duration of self-medication was 4 days. Fatigue or asthenia, sore throat, loss of smell and sore throat of a close person were independently associated with selfmedication. Health care workers largely practiced self-medication during the Covid pandemic and without diagnostic testing. The results suggest the need for training and sensitization of medical personnel to avoid the consequences of the molecules used, including hepatotoxicity and antibiotic resistance.
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Factors That Influence the Use of Dietary Supplements among the Students of Wroclaw Medical University in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127485. [PMID: 35742733 PMCID: PMC9224475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim: The use of dietary supplements (DS) and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is increasing every year. The COVID-19 pandemic might additionally influence the use of such preparations. The study aimed to investigate factors influencing the use of dietary supplements (DS), including stress-relieving supplements, by the students. Methods: In the cross-sectional study, 624 students of the Wroclaw Medical University in Poland, from the second to the last year of studies, completed the anonymous questionnaire, consisting of 22 items, about the use of DS/OTC drugs during the academic year 2020/2021. Obtained data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test, the U-Mann Whitney test, the Kruskal–Wallis test with the post-hoc analysis, and with logistic regression. Results: About 70% of students declared the use of any DS, 33% used DS for stress, anxiety, depression, or sleeping problems, and 59% used other DS. The most important factors influencing the decision to take any kind of DS were Division (p = 0.0001, odds ratio [OR]: 0.35, and confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.59), a self-estimated level of stress (p = 0.014, OR: 1.13, CI: 1.03–1.25), and self-estimated level of knowledge about DS (p = 0.0000, OR: 1.31, CI: 1.19–1.36). In the case of students taking DS for stress, anxiety, depression, or sleeping problems, the level of stress and the declared knowledge had the greatest impact on the decision for such a use of DS (p = 0.0001, OD: 1.24, CI: 1.11–1.39 and p = 0.0000, OD: 1.35, CI: 1.22–1.5, respectively). The COVID-19 pandemic did not change the pattern of DS/OTC drug usage in about 33% of students. Those who started taking DS during the pandemic accounted for 19% of all students. Conclusions: The use of DS is common among Wroclaw Medical University students with some differences between subgroups of respondents. Additionally, despite declared good knowledge about DS, most students declare the need to learn more about them.
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Saha A, Marma KKS, Rashid A, Tarannum N, Das S, Chowdhury T, Afrin N, Chakraborty P, Emran M, Mehedi HMH, Hussain MI, Barua A, Mistry SK. Risk factors associated with self-medication among the indigenous communities of Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269622. [PMID: 35696405 PMCID: PMC9191716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In developing countries like Bangladesh, self-medication has become a predicament associated with health risks and clinical complications. To date, no studies have been conducted on the practice of self-medication among the indigenous population living in Chittagong Hill Tract (CHT). Objectives This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of self-medication and analyzing the factors associated with it among the indigenous population in CHT. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from late October to early December 2020; among different indigenous group populations residing in the three districts of CHT aged 18 or more. A pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire was developed to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, health status, frequency of self-medication, reasons for self-medication in last one year, as well as other variables. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess associated factors with self-medication. Results A total of 1350 people from different indigenous populations were interviewed, among whom 49.9% practiced self-medication. The rate of self-prescribed antibiotics usage (80.9%) was significantly higher compared to other drugs. Self-prescribed medications were mostly used for diarrhea and food poisoning (60.6%), cough, cold and fever (51.4%), and headache (51.4%). A common source of self-prescribed medicines was community or retail pharmacy and the most reported reason for self-prescribed medication was the long-distance of healthcare facilities from home. Conclusion The prevalence of self-medication is substantially high among indigenous people and the effect is alarming. Particular concern is the misuse of antibiotics and analgesic drugs. Increasing awareness among the population of the negative effect of self-medication and implementation of proper policies and actions are urgently needed to prevent self-medication among indigenous population in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Saha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail: ,
| | | | - Afrah Rashid
- Department of Public Health and Bioinformatics, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Nowshin Tarannum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Srabanty Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nusrat Afrin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Prashanta Chakraborty
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Emran
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Ashim Barua
- Upazila Health Complex, Alikadam, Bandarban, Bangladesh
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Self-Medication with Antibiotics during COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060733. [PMID: 35740140 PMCID: PMC9219972 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-treatment with medicines including treatment with antibiotics is a growing global concern, as it can cause public health problems, such as antibiotic resistance and drug toxicity. Therefore, the significance of the self-medication impact of COVID-19 in any region can have an influence on the prevalence of such problems. The review aimed to investigate the self-treatment with antibiotics among the general population in Eastern Mediterranean region countries during COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive review of literature in four databases was conducted for the pandemic period from January 2020 to the end of March 2022. Nine studies related to self-treatment with antibiotics were found. The studies were homogeneous in terms of assessing the antibiotic self-treatment usage during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population and among community pharmacies. The prevalence of self-treatment with antibiotics ranged from 20.8% to 45.8% between the studies. The main reasons for that were cost-saving, fear of COVID-19 infection, quarantine, and ease of accessibility without time limits. Antibiotic self-treatment has been high during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, it was less reported during the study period than before the time of the pandemic. There is a need for more restrictions on dispensing antibiotics from community pharmacies. In addition, there is a need to raise awareness among the population regarding self-treatment with antibiotics.
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Amuzie CI, Kalu KU, Izuka M, Nwamoh UN, Emma-Ukaegbu U, Odini F, Metu K, Ozurumba C, Okedo-Alex IN. Prevalence, pattern and predictors of self-medication for COVID-19 among residents in Umuahia, Abia State, Southeast Nigeria: policy and public health implications. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:34. [PMID: 35501929 PMCID: PMC9058746 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has led to restrictions on movements and lockdown measures, which have resulted to higher utilization of over-the-counter drugs compared to prescription-only drugs. This study determined the prevalence, pattern and predictors of self-medication for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October and November 2021 among the residents of Umuahia, Abia State. The respondents were selected using a snowball sampling technique, and a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the variables via Google forms. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using IBM SPSS version 26. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS A total of 469 respondents participated in the survey. The overall prevalence of self-medication for COVID-19 prevention and treatment was 30.3% (95%CI: 26.7-34.1). The most commonly used medication was herbal products (43.7%). This was mainly self-prepared (41.5%). The major source of information for self-medication was from family members (39.4%). The majority of the respondents reported fear of isolation (76.3%), followed by fear of stigmatization (75.7%) as the triggers of self-medication. Older age (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.11-3.13), lower educational status [No formal education (aOR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.28-11.19)], [Primary education (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.17-3.097)] and perception to cost (aOR = 2.29; 95CI: I.24-4.24) were the predictors of self-medication. CONCLUSION Every one in three residents of Umuahia, Abia State, practiced self-medication for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Some economic and socio-demographic factors were significantly associated with self-medication. We recommend intensifying public awareness campaigns on the risk of self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidinma Ihuoma Amuzie
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria.
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Kalu Ulu Kalu
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Michael Izuka
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Uche Ngozi Nwamoh
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Uloaku Emma-Ukaegbu
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Franklin Odini
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Metu
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Chigozie Ozurumba
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma Nkem Okedo-Alex
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
- African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
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Yasmin F, Asghar MS, Naeem U, Najeeb H, Nauman H, Ahsan MN, Khattak AK. Self-Medication Practices in Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:803937. [PMID: 35356012 PMCID: PMC8959567 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.803937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesDuring the pandemic, the growing influence of social media, accessibility of over-the-counter medications, and fear of contracting the virus may have led to self-medication practices among the general public. Medical students are prone to such practices due to relevant background knowledge, and access to drugs. This study was carried out to determine and analyze the prevalence of self-medication practices among medical students in Pakistan.Materials and MethodsThis descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted online in which the participants were asked about the general demographics, their self-medication practices and the reasons to use. All participants were currently enrolled in a medical college pursuing medical or pharmacy degree. Non-probability sampling technique was used to recruit participants.ResultsA total of 489 respondents were included in the final analysis. The response rate was 61%. Majority of the respondents were females and 18–20 years of age. Self-medication was quite prevalent in our study population with 406 out of 489 individuals (83.0%) were using any of the drugs since the start of pandemic. The most commonly utilized medications were Paracetamol (65.2%) and multivitamins (56.0%). The reasons reported for usage of these medications included cold/flu, or preventive measures for COVID-19. The common symptoms reported for self-medication included fever (67.9%), muscle pain (54.0%), fatigue (51.7%), sore throat (46.6%), and cough (44.4%). Paracetamol was the most commonly used drug for all symptoms. Female gender, being in 3rd year of medical studies, and individuals with good self-reported health were found more frequent users of self-medication practices.ConclusionOur study revealed common self-medication practices among medical and pharmacy students. It is a significant health issue especially during the pandemic times, with high consumption reported as a prevention or treating symptoms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Yasmin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences–Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
| | - Unaiza Naeem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hala Najeeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Nauman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Ahsan
- Department of Nephrology, Dow University of Health Sciences–Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
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Vasquez-Elera LE, Failoc-Rojas VE, Martinez-Rivera RN, Morocho-Alburqueque N, Temoche-Rivas MS, Valladares-Garrido MJ. Self-medication in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in northern Peru. Germs 2022; 12:46-53. [PMID: 35601942 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to identify factors associated with self-medication in patients with COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of patients with COVID-19 who self-medicated before admission to a hospital in Piura, Peru. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using generalized linear models with Poisson distribution family, log link function, and robust variance. Results Out of 301 patients, 165 (54.8%) self-medicated before hospital admission, being more frequent self-medication with ivermectin (85.5%) and azithromycin (71.5%). The frequency of self-medication in those aged between 30-59 years was 2.53-fold higher than in those between 18-29 years. Male patients, dyslipidemia, smoking, and hepatic steatosis were associated with self-medication. Clinical characteristics associated with self-medication were fever, cough, headache, anosmia, dysgeusia, nausea/vomiting, and gastroesophageal reflux. Conclusions A high frequency of self-medication before hospital admission was observed in Peruvian patients with COVID-19, mainly of drugs without proven efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Vasquez-Elera
- MD, Gastroenterology Service, Cayetano Heredia Hospital, 150 Independencia Avenue, Piura 200104, Peru
| | - Virgilio E Failoc-Rojas
- MD, MSc(c), Research Unit for Generation and Synthesis Evidence in Health, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, 505 La Fontana Avenue, Lima 15012, Peru
| | - Raisa N Martinez-Rivera
- MD, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru, Scientific Society of Medical Students of National University of Piura, Marcelino Castro Gamboa Avenue, Piura 15806, Peru
| | - Noelia Morocho-Alburqueque
- MD, National University of Piura, Piura, Peru, Scientific Society of Medical Students of National University of Piura, Marcelino Castro Gamboa Avenue, Piura 15806, Peru
| | - Mario S Temoche-Rivas
- MD, National University of Piura, Piura, Peru, Scientific Society of Medical Students of National University of Piura, Marcelino Castro Gamboa Avenue, Piura 15806, Peru
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Al-Qahtani AM, Shaikh IA, Shaikh MAK, Mannasaheb BA, Al-Qahtani FS. Prevalence, Perception, and Practice, and Attitudes Towards Self-Medication Among Undergraduate Medical Students of Najran University, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:257-276. [PMID: 35210887 PMCID: PMC8859296 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s346998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Awad Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 530540450, Email
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Faisal Saeed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Kong JD, Tchuendom RF, Adeleye SA, David JF, Admasu FS, Bakare EA, Siewe N. SARS-CoV-2 and self-medication in Cameroon: a mathematical model. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2021; 15:137-150. [PMID: 33538240 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2021.1883130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-medication is an important initial response to illness in Africa. This mode of medication is often done with the help of African traditional medicines. Because of the misconception that African traditional medicines can cure/prevent all diseases, some Africans may opt for COVID-19 prevention and management by self-medicating. Thus to efficiently predict the dynamics of COVID-19 in Africa, the role of the self-medicated population needs to be taken into account. In this paper, we formulate and analyse a mathematical model for the dynamics of COVID-19 in Cameroon. The model is represented by a system of compartmental age-structured ODEs that takes into account the self-medicated population and subdivides the human population into two age classes relative to their current immune system strength. We use our model to propose policy measures that could be implemented in the course of an epidemic in order to better handle cases of self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude D Kong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
- Canadian Center for Diseases Modeling (CDM), York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Rinel F Tchuendom
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel A Adeleye
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jummy F David
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Emmanuel A Bakare
- Laboratory of Modelling in infectious Diseases and Applied Sciences (LOMIDAS)
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Nourridine Siewe
- School of Mathematical Sciences, College of Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
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AlSaeed MJ, Elmaghraby DA. Assessing the Knowledge of Analgesic Drugs Utilization during Pregnancy among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7440. [PMID: 34299890 PMCID: PMC8305415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a common compensation mechanism in pregnant women that they may face during gestation due to physiological changes. Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most administered analgesic drugs worldwide. Therefore, safety and efficacy are important measures for the use of analgesics during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE Assess the knowledge of analgesic drug utilization among Saudi pregnant women. METHOD We conducted a self-administered survey with an electronic questionnaire via Google Drive among a sample of 406 Saudi women. RESULTS About half of the respondents took analgesics during the first trimester, and 52.5% of women have used analgesics at least once without any medical advice during their gestation. Most participants agreed that paracetamol is the safest and effective analgesic drug during pregnancy, yet 61.8% of women are not aware that analgesics could be detrimental to the fetus if inappropriately administered in the third trimester. CONCLUSION Participants have a good perception of the safest and most effective analgesic drug during pregnancy, but they have poor knowledge about analgesics' side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jamal AlSaeed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Dalia Ahmed Elmaghraby
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Self-Medication of Drugs in Nursing Students from Castile and Leon (Spain). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041498. [PMID: 33562435 PMCID: PMC7914606 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To determine the prevalence of self-medication in nursing students and their related factors, a transversal, descriptive study was performed on a sample of 378 nursing students. A total of 73.8% of the sample declared having used off-prescription drugs during the last month (2.84;2.26–3.58). A total of 28.9% said they did this because they are familiar with the health problem and its pharmacological solution and 25% deemed that it was a mild health problem. Drugs most commonly used off-prescription were analgesics in 88.91% (3.63;2.74–4.80) of occasions. They were mainly recommended by the students’ family (1.31;1.03–1.65) on 58.12% of the cases. Students keep analgesics they take off-prescription in their home first aid kit (4.47;3.28–6.08; p < 0.001). Unlike other studies, 53.2% obtained off-prescription drugs from the home first aid kit (1.13;0.89–1.43; p < 0.001). In addition, they gave advice and recommend drugs they have taken to other people with similar symptoms (1.97;1.59–2.44). A total of 85.72% kept excess drugs after a treatment (6.00;4.50–7.99). Self-medication is related to the storage of unused medicines and giving advice on the use of drugs to other people, among other things. Self-medication of drugs among nursing students is high. Thus, it appears necessary to review the training on rational the use of drugs and responsible self-medication in the discipline’s curriculum.
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