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Hu B, Wang R, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhou S, Ma B, Luan Y, Wang X, Chen X, Zhang Z, Kang Q. Postnatal development of rat retina: a continuous observation and comparison between the organotypic retinal explant model and in vivo development. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:900-912. [PMID: 38886961 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202503000-00033/figure1/v/2024-06-17T092413Z/r/image-tiff The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures. However, the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies. Thus, we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina. In this study, we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development, and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo. Initially, we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells. We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin, respectively. Ki-67- and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis, and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups. Additionally, we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog, glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase), neuronal nuclei, and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells, Müller glia, mature neurons, and microglia, respectively. The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas. Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development. The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term, systematic, and continuous observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiou Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sijia Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qianyan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Yang T, Wang W, Xie L, Chen S, Ye X, Shen S, Chen H, Qi L, Cui Z, Xiong W, Guo Y, Chen J. Investigating retinal explant models cultured in static and perfused systems to test the performance of exosomes secreted from retinal organoids. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 408:110181. [PMID: 38823594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ex vivo cultures of retinal explants are appropriate models for translational research. However, one of the difficult problems of retinal explants ex vivo culture is that their nutrient supply needs cannot be constantly met. NEW METHOD This study evaluated the effect of perfused culture on the survival of retinal explants, addressing the challenge of insufficient nutrition in static culture. Furthermore, exosomes secreted from retinal organoids (RO-Exos) were stained with PKH26 to track their uptake in retinal explants to mimic the efficacy of exosomal drugs in vivo. RESULTS We found that the retinal explants cultured with perfusion exhibited significantly higher viability, increased NeuN+ cells, and reduced apoptosis compared to the static culture group at Days Ex Vivo (DEV) 4, 7, and 14. The perfusion-cultured retinal explants exhibited reduced mRNA markers for gliosis and microglial activation, along with lower expression of GFAP and Iba1, as revealed by immunostaining. Additionally, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that perfusion culture mainly upregulated genes associated with visual perception and photoreceptor cell maintenance while downregulating the immune system process and immune response. RO-Exos promoted the uptake of PKH26-labelled exosomes and the growth of retinal explants in perfusion culture. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our perfusion culture system can provide a continuous supply of culture medium to achieve steady-state equilibrium in retinal explant culture. Compared to traditional static culture, it better preserves the vitality, provides better neuroprotection, and reduces glial activation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a promising ex vivo model for further studies on degenerative retinal diseases and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Bock M, Hong SJ, Zhang S, Yu Y, Lee S, Shin H, Choi BH, Han I. Morphogenetic Designs, and Disease Models in Central Nervous System Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7750. [PMID: 39062993 PMCID: PMC11276855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of the first cerebral organoid (CO) in 2013, advancements have transformed central nervous system (CNS) research. Initial efforts focused on studying the morphogenesis of COs and creating reproducible models. Numerous methodologies have been proposed, enabling the design of the brain organoid to represent specific regions and spinal cord structures. CNS organoids now facilitate the study of a wide range of CNS diseases, from infections to tumors, which were previously difficult to investigate. We summarize the major advancements in CNS organoids, concerning morphogenetic designs and disease models. We examine the development of fabrication procedures and how these advancements have enabled the generation of region-specific brain organoids and spinal cord models. We highlight the application of these organoids in studying various CNS diseases, demonstrating the versatility and potential of organoid models in advancing our understanding of complex conditions. We discuss the current challenges in the field, including issues related to reproducibility, scalability, and the accurate recapitulation of the in vivo environment. We provide an outlook on prospective studies and future directions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art CNS organoid research, highlighting key developments, current challenges, and prospects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsung Bock
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (M.B.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Sung Jun Hong
- Research Competency Milestones Program, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Songzi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (M.B.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Yerin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (M.B.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (M.B.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Haeeun Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (M.B.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Byung Hyune Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (M.B.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (H.S.)
- Advanced Regenerative Medicine Research Center, CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
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Canova PN, Charron AJ, Leib DA. Models of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency. Viruses 2024; 16:747. [PMID: 38793628 PMCID: PMC11125678 DOI: 10.3390/v16050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of HSV latency is based on a variety of clinical observations, and in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro model systems, each with unique advantages and drawbacks. The criteria for authentically modeling HSV latency include the ability to easily manipulate host genetics and biological pathways, as well as mimicking the immune response and viral pathogenesis in human infections. Although realistically modeling HSV latency is necessary when choosing a model, the cost, time requirement, ethical constraints, and reagent availability are also equally important. Presently, there remains a pressing need for in vivo models that more closely recapitulate human HSV infection. While the current in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models used to study HSV latency have limitations, they provide further insights that add to our understanding of latency. In vivo models have shed light on natural infection routes and the interplay between the host immune response and the virus during latency, while in vitro models have been invaluable in elucidating molecular pathways involved in latency. Below, we review the relative advantages and disadvantages of current HSV models and highlight insights gained through each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige N. Canova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA;
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Audra J. Charron
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - David A. Leib
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
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Tez BÇ, Eliaçık BBK, Taşlı PN, Yılmaz H, Şahin F. Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Pulp-Capping Materials on DPSCs, With Marker mRNA Expressions. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00113-8. [PMID: 38692961 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to (1) investigate biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of pulp-capping materials on viability of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs); (2) determine angiogenic, odontogenic, and osteogenic marker mRNA expressions; and (3) observe changes in surface morphology of the hDPSCs using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS Impacted third molars were used to isolate the hDPSCs, which were treated with extract-release fluids of the pulp-capping materials (Harvard BioCal-Cap, NeoPUTTY MTA, TheraCal LC, and Dycal). Effects of the capping materials on cell viability were assessed using 3-(4,5-di-methyl-thiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and the apoptotic/necrotic cell ratios and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels from flow cytometry. Marker expressions (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], osteocalcin [OCN], collagen type I alpha 1 [Col1A], secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine [SPARC], osteonectin [ON], and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Changes in surface morphology of the hDPSCs were visualised by SEM. RESULTS The MTS assay results at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 indicated that Harvard BioCal-Cap, NeoPUTTY MTA, and TheraCal LC did not adversely affect cell viability when compared with the control group. According to the MTS assay results at day 14, no significant difference was found amongst Dycal, Harvard BioCal-Cap, NeoPUTTY MTA, and TheraCal LC affecting cell viability. Dycal was the only capping material that increased ROS level. High levels of VEGF expression were observed with Harvard BioCal-Cap, TheraCal LC, and NeoPUTTY MTA. NeoPUTTY MTA, and Dycal upregulated OCN expression, whereas TheraCal LC upregulated Col1A and SPARC expression. Only Dycal increased ALP expression. HDSCs were visualized in characteristic spindle morphology on SEM when treated with TheraCal LC and Harvard BioCal-Cap. CONCLUSIONS NeoPUTTY MTA and Harvard BioCal-Cap showed suitable biocompatibility values; in particular, these pulp-capping materials were observed to support the angiogenic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Çiçek Tez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Pakize Neslihan Taşlı
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hazal Yılmaz
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Zhang Y, Liu K, He H, Xiao H, Fang Z, Chen X, Li H. Innovative explorations: unveiling the potential of organoids for investigating environmental pollutant exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16256-16273. [PMID: 38342830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
As the economy rapidly develops, chemicals are widely produced and used. This has exacerbated the problems associated with environmental pollution, raising the need for efficient toxicological evaluation techniques to investigate the toxic effects and mechanisms of toxicity of environmental pollutants. The progress in the techniques of cell culture in three dimensions has resulted in the creation of models that are more relevant in terms of biology and physiology. This enables researchers to study organ development, toxicology, and drug screening. Adult stem cells (ASCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be obtained from various mammalian tissues, including cancerous and healthy tissues. Such stem cells exhibit a significant level of tissue memory and ability to self-assemble. When cultivated in 3D in vitro environments, the resulting organoids demonstrate a remarkable capacity to recapitulate the cellular composition and function of organs in vivo. Recently, many tumors' tissue-derived organoids have been widely used in research on tumor pathogenesis, drug development, precision medicine, and other fields, including those derived from colon cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, liver cancer, and gastric cancer. However, the application of organoid models for evaluating the toxicity of environmental pollutants is still in its infancy. This review introduces the characteristics of the toxicity responses of organoid models upon exposure to pollutants from the perspectives of organoid characteristics, tissue types, and their applications in toxicology; discusses the feasibility of using organoid models in evaluating the toxicity of pollutants; and provides a reference for future toxicological studies on environmental pollutants based on organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xianxian Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huiming Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Zhou J, Dong J, Hou H, Huang L, Li J. High-throughput microfluidic systems accelerated by artificial intelligence for biomedical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1307-1326. [PMID: 38247405 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput microfluidic systems are widely used in biomedical fields for tasks like disease detection, drug testing, and material discovery. Despite the great advances in automation and throughput, the large amounts of data generated by the high-throughput microfluidic systems generally outpace the abilities of manual analysis. Recently, the convergence of microfluidic systems and artificial intelligence (AI) has been promising in solving the issue by significantly accelerating the process of data analysis as well as improving the capability of intelligent decision. This review offers a comprehensive introduction on AI methods and outlines the current advances of high-throughput microfluidic systems accelerated by AI, covering biomedical detection, drug screening, and automated system control and design. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities in this field are critically discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jianpei Dong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen 518054, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102209, China
- Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Soragni C, Queiroz K, Ng CP, Stok A, Olivier T, Tzagkaraki D, Heijmans J, Suijker J, de Ruiter SPM, Olczyk A, Bokkers M, Schavemaker F, Trietsch SJ, Lanz HL, Vulto P, Joore J. Phenotypic screening in Organ-on-a-Chip systems: a 1537 kinase inhibitor library screen on a 3D angiogenesis assay. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:37-49. [PMID: 37493987 PMCID: PMC10881651 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Modern drug development increasingly requires comprehensive models that can be utilized in the earliest stages of compound and target discovery. Here we report a phenotypic screening exercise in a high-throughput Organ-on-a-Chip setup. We assessed the inhibitory effect of 1537 protein kinase inhibitors in an angiogenesis assay. Over 4000 micro-vessels were grown under perfusion flow in microfluidic chips, exposed to a cocktail of pro-angiogenic factors and subsequently exposed to the respective kinase inhibitors. Efficacy of compounds was evaluated by reduced angiogenic sprouting, whereas reduced integrity of the main micro-vessel was taken as a measure for toxicity. The screen yielded 53 hits with high anti-angiogenicity and low toxicity, of which 44 were previously unassociated with angiogenic pathways. This study demonstrates that Organ-on-a-Chip models can be screened in high numbers to identify novel compounds and targets. This will ultimately reduce bias in early-stage drug development and increases probability to identify first in class compounds and targets for today's intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Soragni
- MIMETAS BV, De Limes 7, 2342 DH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karla Queiroz
- MIMETAS BV, De Limes 7, 2342 DH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Chee Ping Ng
- MIMETAS BV, De Limes 7, 2342 DH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Stok
- MIMETAS BV, De Limes 7, 2342 DH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Olivier
- MIMETAS BV, De Limes 7, 2342 DH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Dora Tzagkaraki
- MIMETAS BV, De Limes 7, 2342 DH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Heijmans
- MIMETAS BV, De Limes 7, 2342 DH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Johnny Suijker
- MIMETAS BV, De Limes 7, 2342 DH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marleen Bokkers
- MIMETAS BV, De Limes 7, 2342 DH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Paul Vulto
- MIMETAS BV, De Limes 7, 2342 DH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Joore
- MIMETAS BV, De Limes 7, 2342 DH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands.
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Liu Y, Ge Y, Wu Y, Feng Y, Liu H, Cao W, Xie J, Zhang J. High-Voltage Electrostatic Field Hydrogel Microsphere 3D Culture System Improves Viability and Liver-like Properties of HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1081. [PMID: 38256154 PMCID: PMC10816196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) hepatocyte models have become a research hotspot for evaluating drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Compared to two-dimensional (2D) cultures, 3D cultures are better at mimicking the morphology and microenvironment of hepatocytes in vivo. However, commonly used 3D culture techniques are not suitable for high-throughput drug screening (HTS) due to their high cost, complex handling, and inability to simulate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. This article describes a method for rapid and reproducible 3D cell cultures with ECM-cell interactions based on 3D culture instrumentation to provide more efficient HTS. We developed a microsphere preparation based on a high-voltage electrostatic (HVE) field and used sodium alginate- and collagen-based hydrogels as scaffolds for 3D cultures of HepG2 cells. The microsphere-generating device enables the rapid and reproducible preparation of bioactive hydrogel microspheres. This 3D culture system exhibited better cell viability, heterogeneity, and drug-metabolizing activity than 2D and other 3D culture models, and the long-term culture characteristics of this system make it suitable for predicting long-term liver toxicity. This system improves the overall applicability of HepG2 spheroids in safety assessment studies, and this simple and controllable high-throughput-compatible method shows potential for use in drug toxicity screening assays and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (Y.G.); (Y.F.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Yang Ge
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (Y.G.); (Y.F.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Yanfan Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (Y.G.); (Y.F.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Yongtong Feng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (Y.G.); (Y.F.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Han Liu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (Y.G.); (Y.F.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Wei Cao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (Y.G.); (Y.F.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Jinsong Xie
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (Y.G.); (Y.F.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (Y.G.); (Y.F.); (H.L.); (W.C.); (J.X.)
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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10
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Roman A, Huntemer-Silveira A, Waldron MA, Khalid Z, Blake J, Parr AM, Low WC. Cell Transplantation for Repair of the Spinal Cord and Prospects for Generating Region-Specific Exogenic Neuronal Cells. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241241998. [PMID: 38590295 PMCID: PMC11005494 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241241998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with currently irreversible consequences in several functional components of the central nervous system. Despite the severity of injury, there remains no approved treatment to restore function. However, with a growing number of preclinical studies and clinical trials, cell transplantation has gained significant potential as a treatment for SCI. Researchers have identified several cell types as potential candidates for transplantation. To optimize successful functional outcomes after transplantation, one key factor concerns generating neuronal cells with regional and subtype specificity, thus calling on the developmental transcriptome patterning of spinal cord cells. A potential source of spinal cord cells for transplantation is the generation of exogenic neuronal progenitor cells via the emerging technologies of gene editing and blastocyst complementation. This review highlights the use of cell transplantation to treat SCI in the context of relevant developmental gene expression patterns useful for producing regionally specific exogenic spinal cells via in vitro differentiation and blastocyst complementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Roman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anne Huntemer-Silveira
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Madison A. Waldron
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zainab Khalid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey Blake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ann M. Parr
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Walter C. Low
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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11
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Sevilla-Sánchez MJ, Montoya-Gómez A, Osorno-Valencia D, Montealegre-Sánchez L, Mosquera-Escudero M, Jiménez-Charris E. Exploring the Safety of Pllans-II and Antitumoral Potential of Its Recombinant Isoform in Cervical Cancer Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:2812. [PMID: 38132131 PMCID: PMC10741390 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The antitumor potential of proteins from snake venoms has been studied in recent decades, and evidence has emerged that phospholipases A2 can selectively attack cells of various types of tumors. Previous results have shown that phospholipase A2 "Pllans-II," isolated from Porthidium lansbergii lansbergii snake venom, displayed antitumoral activity on cervical cancer and did not alter the viability of non-tumorigenic cells. However, until now, there was no evidence of its safety at the local and systemic levels, nor had experiments been developed to demonstrate that its production using recombinant technology allows us to obtain a molecule with effects similar to those generated by native phospholipase. Thus, we evaluated the impact caused by Pllans-II on murine biomodels, determining whether it induced local hemorrhage or increased pro-inflammatory and liver damage markers and histological alterations in the liver and kidneys. Additionally, the protein was produced using recombinant technology using a pET28a expression vector and the BL21 (DE3) Escherichia coli strain. Equally, its enzymatic activity and anticancer effect were evaluated on cervical cancer lines such as HeLa and Ca Ski. The results demonstrated that Pllans-II did not generate hemorrhagic activity, nor did it increase the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1B, or TNF-α at doses of 3.28, 1.64, and 0.82 mg/kg. There was also no evidence of organ damage, and only ALT and AST increased in mild levels at the two highest concentrations. Additionally, the recombinant version of Pllans-II showed conservation in its catalytic activity and the ability to generate death in HeLa and Ca Ski cells (42% and 23%, respectively). These results demonstrate the innocuity of Pllans-II at the lowest dose and constitute an advance in considering a molecule produced using recombinant technology a drug candidate for selective attacks against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Sevilla-Sánchez
- Grupo de Nutrición, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760043, Colombia; (M.J.S.-S.); (A.M.-G.); (D.O.-V.); (L.M.-S.); (M.M.-E.)
| | - Alejandro Montoya-Gómez
- Grupo de Nutrición, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760043, Colombia; (M.J.S.-S.); (A.M.-G.); (D.O.-V.); (L.M.-S.); (M.M.-E.)
| | - Daniel Osorno-Valencia
- Grupo de Nutrición, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760043, Colombia; (M.J.S.-S.); (A.M.-G.); (D.O.-V.); (L.M.-S.); (M.M.-E.)
| | - Leonel Montealegre-Sánchez
- Grupo de Nutrición, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760043, Colombia; (M.J.S.-S.); (A.M.-G.); (D.O.-V.); (L.M.-S.); (M.M.-E.)
- Grupo de investigación en Ingeniería Biomédica-GBIO, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Cali 760030, Colombia
| | - Mildrey Mosquera-Escudero
- Grupo de Nutrición, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760043, Colombia; (M.J.S.-S.); (A.M.-G.); (D.O.-V.); (L.M.-S.); (M.M.-E.)
| | - Eliécer Jiménez-Charris
- Grupo de Nutrición, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760043, Colombia; (M.J.S.-S.); (A.M.-G.); (D.O.-V.); (L.M.-S.); (M.M.-E.)
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12
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Huntemer-Silveira A, Malone D, Frie A, Walsh P, Parr AM. Accelerated differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into regionally specific dorsal and ventral spinal neural progenitor cells for application in spinal cord therapeutics. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1251906. [PMID: 37781243 PMCID: PMC10540309 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1251906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury can attenuate both motor and sensory function with minimal potential for full recovery. Research utilizing human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) -derived spinal cell types for in vivo remodeling and neuromodulation after spinal cord injury has grown substantially in recent years. However, the majority of protocols for the differentiation of spinal neurons are lengthy, lack the appropriate dorsoventral or rostrocaudal specification, and are not typically replicated in more than one cell line. Furthermore, most researchers currently utilize hiPSC-derived motor neurons for cell transplantation after injury, with very little exploration of spinal sensory neuron transplantation. The lack of studies that utilize sensory populations may be due in part to the relative scarcity of dorsal horn differentiation protocols. Building upon our previously published work that demonstrated the rapid establishment of a primitive ectoderm population from hiPSCs, we describe here the production of a diverse population of both ventral spinal and dorsal horn progenitor cells. Our work creates a novel system allowing dorsal and ventral spinal neurons to be differentiated from the same intermediate ectoderm population, making it possible to construct the dorsal and ventral domains of the spinal cord while decreasing variability. This technology can be used in tandem with biomaterials and pharmacology to improve cell transplantation for spinal cord injury, increasing the potential for neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dane Malone
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Anna Frie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Patrick Walsh
- Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ann M. Parr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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13
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Collodet C, Blust K, Gkouma S, Ståhl E, Chen X, Hartman J, Hedhammar M. Development and characterization of a recombinant silk network for 3D culture of immortalized and fresh tumor-derived breast cancer cells. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10537. [PMID: 37693069 PMCID: PMC10487315 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional cancer models rely on 2D cell cultures or 3D spheroids, which fail to recapitulate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, a key element of tumor development. Existing hydrogel-based 3D alternatives lack mechanical support for cell growth and often suffer from low reproducibility. Here we report a novel strategy to make 3D models of breast cancer using a tissue-like, well-defined network environment based on recombinant spider silk, functionalized with a cell adhesion motif from fibronectin (FN-silk). With this approach, the canonical cancer cells SK-BR-3, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231, maintain their characteristic expression of markers (i.e., ERα, HER2, and PGR) while developing distinct morphology. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrate how culture in the FN-silk networks modulates the biological processes of cell adhesion and migration while affecting physiological events involved in malignancy, such as inflammation, remodeling of the ECM, and resistance to anticancer drugs. Finally, we show that integration in FN-silk networks promotes the viability of cells obtained from the superficial scraping of patients' breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Collodet
- Division of Protein TechnologySchool of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Kelly Blust
- Division of Protein TechnologySchool of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Savvini Gkouma
- Division of Protein TechnologySchool of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Emmy Ståhl
- Division of Protein TechnologySchool of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Xinsong Chen
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer DiagnosticsKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Division of Protein TechnologySchool of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
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14
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Dichiara M, Ambrosio FA, Lee SM, Ruiz-Cantero MC, Lombino J, Coricello A, Costa G, Shah D, Costanzo G, Pasquinucci L, Son KN, Cosentino G, González-Cano R, Marrazzo A, Aakalu VK, Cobos EJ, Alcaro S, Amata E. Discovery of AD258 as a Sigma Receptor Ligand with Potent Antiallodynic Activity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11447-11463. [PMID: 37535861 PMCID: PMC10461227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a series of 2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane derivatives as potent sigma receptor (SR) ligands, associated with analgesic activity, are the focus of this work. In this study, affinities at S1R and S2R were measured, and molecular modeling studies were performed to investigate the binding pose characteristics. The most promising compounds were subjected to in vitro toxicity testing and subsequently screened for in vivo analgesic properties. Compound 9d (AD258) exhibited negligible in vitro cellular toxicity and a high binding affinity to both SRs (KiS1R = 3.5 nM, KiS2R = 2.6 nM), but not for other pain-related targets, and exerted high potency in a model of capsaicin-induced allodynia, reaching the maximum antiallodynic effect at very low doses (0.6-1.25 mg/kg). Functional activity experiments showed that S1R antagonism is needed for the effects of 9d and that it did not induce motor impairment. In addition, 9d exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dichiara
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università
degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università
degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus
“S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department
of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University
of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W Taylor St, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - M. Carmen Ruiz-Cantero
- Departamento
de Farmacología e Instituto de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universitad de Granada e Instituto de Investigación
Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Avenida de la Investigación, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jessica Lombino
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università
degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Coricello
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Salute, Università
“Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S.
Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Salute, Università
“Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S.
Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science
Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna
Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dhara Shah
- Department
of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University
of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W Taylor St, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Giuliana Costanzo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università
degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università
degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Kyung No Son
- Department
of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University
of Michigan, 1000 Wall
Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Giuseppe Cosentino
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università
degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rafael González-Cano
- Departamento
de Farmacología e Instituto de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universitad de Granada e Instituto de Investigación
Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Avenida de la Investigación, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università
degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department
of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University
of Michigan, 1000 Wall
Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Enrique J. Cobos
- Departamento
de Farmacología e Instituto de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universitad de Granada e Instituto de Investigación
Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Avenida de la Investigación, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Salute, Università
“Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S.
Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science
Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna
Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università
degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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15
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Xie J, Han D, Xu S, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang M, Deng Z, Tian J, Ye Q. An Image-Based High-Throughput and High-Content Drug Screening Method Based on Microarray and Expansion Microscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15516-15528. [PMID: 37548636 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A high-efficiency drug screening method is urgently needed due to the expanding number of potential targets and the extremely long time required to assess them. To date, high throughput and high content have not been successfully combined in image-based drug screening, which is the main obstacle to improve the efficiency. Here, we establish a high-throughput and high-content drug screening method by preparing a superhydrophobic microwell array plate (SMAP) and combining it with protein-retention expansion microscopy (proExM). Primarily, we described a flexible method to prepare the SMAP based on photolithography. Cells were cultured in the SMAP and treated with different drugs using a microcolumn-microwell sandwiching technology. After drug treatment, proExM was applied to realize super-resolution imaging. As a demonstration, a 7 × 7 image array of microtubules was successfully collected within 3 h with 68 nm resolution using this method. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of microtubule and mitochondria morphological changes after drug treatment suggested that more details were revealed after applying proExM, demonstrating the successful combination of high throughput and high content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Daobo Han
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haitong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yonghe Li
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mingshan Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhichao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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16
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Namazian Jam N, Gottlöber F, Hempel M, Dzekhtsiarova Y, Behrens S, Sonntag F, Sradnick J, Hugo C, Schmieder F. Microphysiological Conditions Do Not Affect MDR1-Mediated Transport of Rhodamine 123 above an Artificial Proximal Tubule. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2045. [PMID: 37509683 PMCID: PMC10376999 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite disadvantages, such as high cost and their poor predictive value, animal experiments are still the state of the art for pharmaceutical substance testing. One reason for this problem is the inability of standard cell culture methods to emulate the physiological environment necessary to recapitulate in vivo processes. Microphysiological systems offer the opportunity to close this gap. In this study, we utilize a previously employed microphysiological system to examine the impact of pressure and flow on the transportation of substances mediated by multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) across an artificial cell-based tubular barrier. By using a miniaturized fluorescence measurement device, we could continuously track the MDR1-mediated transport of rhodamine 123 above the artificial barrier over 48 h. We proved that applying pressure and flow affects both active and passive transport of rhodamine 123. Using experimental results and curve fittings, the kinetics of MDR1-mediated transport as well as passive transport were investigated; thus, a kinetic model that explains this transport above an artificial tubular barrier was identified. This kinetic model demonstrates that the simple Michaelis-Menten model is not an appropriate model to explain the MDR1-mediated transport; instead, Hill kinetics, with Hill slope of n = 2, is a better fit. The kinetic values, Km, Vmax, and apparent permeability (Papp), obtained in this study are comparable with other in vivo and in vitro studies. Finally, the presented proximal tubule-on-a-chip can be used for pharmaceutical substance testing and to investigate pharmacokinetics of the renal transporter MDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Namazian Jam
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Gottlöber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Hempel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuliya Dzekhtsiarova
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Behrens
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Sonntag
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Sradnick
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Schmieder
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Huskin G, Chen J, Davis T, Jun HW. Tissue-Engineered 3D In Vitro Disease Models for High-Throughput Drug Screening. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:523-538. [PMID: 36892736 PMCID: PMC10313592 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During high-throughput drug screening, in vitro models are fabricated and the effects of therapeutics on the models evaluated in high throughput-for example, with automated liquid handling systems and microplate reader-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assays. The most frequently-used model systems for HTS, 2D models, do not adequately model the in vivo 3D microenvironment-an important aspect of which is the extracellular matrix-and therefore, 2D models may not be appropriate for drug screening. Instead, tissue-engineered 3D models with extracellular matrix-mimicking components are destined to become the preferred in vitro systems for HTS. However, for 3D models, such as 3D cell-laden hydrogels and scaffolds, cell sheets, and spheroids as well as 3D microfluidic and organ-on-a-chip systems, to replace 2D models in HTS, they must be compatible with high-throughput fabrication schemes and evaluation methods. In this review, we summarize HTS in 2D models and discuss recent studies that have successfully demonstrated HTS-compatible 3D models of high-impact diseases, such as cancers or cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Huskin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Trenton Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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18
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Garcia-Llorens G, Martínez-Sena T, Pareja E, Tolosa L, Castell JV, Bort R. A robust reprogramming strategy for generating hepatocyte-like cells usable in pharmaco-toxicological studies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:94. [PMID: 37072803 PMCID: PMC10114490 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03311-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput pharmaco-toxicological testing frequently relies on the use of established liver-derived cell lines, such as HepG2 cells. However, these cells often display limited hepatic phenotype and features of neoplastic transformation that may bias the interpretation of the results. Alternate models based on primary cultures or differentiated pluripotent stem cells are costly to handle and difficult to implement in high-throughput screening platforms. Thus, cells without malignant traits, optimal differentiation pattern, producible in large and homogeneous amounts and with patient-specific phenotypes would be desirable. METHODS We have designed and implemented a novel and robust approach to obtain hepatocytes from individuals by direct reprogramming, which is based on a combination of a single doxycycline-inducible polycistronic vector system expressing HNF4A, HNF1A and FOXA3, introduced in human fibroblasts previously transduced with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). These cells can be maintained in fibroblast culture media, under standard cell culture conditions. RESULTS Clonal hTERT-transduced human fibroblast cell lines can be expanded at least to 110 population doublings without signs of transformation or senescence. They can be easily differentiated at any cell passage number to hepatocyte-like cells with the simple addition of doxycycline to culture media. Acquisition of a hepatocyte phenotype is achieved in just 10 days and requires a simple and non-expensive cell culture media and standard 2D culture conditions. Hepatocytes reprogrammed from low and high passage hTERT-transduced fibroblasts display very similar transcriptomic profiles, biotransformation activities and show analogous pattern behavior in toxicometabolomic studies. Results indicate that this cell model outperforms HepG2 in toxicological screening. The procedure also allows generation of hepatocyte-like cells from patients with given pathological phenotypes. In fact, we succeeded in generating hepatocyte-like cells from a patient with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which recapitulated accumulation of intracellular alpha-1 antitrypsin polymers and deregulation of unfolded protein response and inflammatory networks. CONCLUSION Our strategy allows the generation of an unlimited source of clonal, homogeneous, non-transformed induced hepatocyte-like cells, capable of performing typical hepatic functions and suitable for pharmaco-toxicological high-throughput testing. Moreover, as far as hepatocyte-like cells derived from fibroblasts isolated from patients suffering hepatic dysfunctions, retain the disease traits, as demonstrated for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, this strategy can be applied to the study of other cases of anomalous hepatocyte functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Garcia-Llorens
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental y Trasplante Hepático, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Torre A. Lab 6.08, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Martínez-Sena
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental y Trasplante Hepático, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Torre A. Lab 6.08, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eugenia Pareja
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental y Trasplante Hepático, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Torre A. Lab 6.08, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental y Trasplante Hepático, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Torre A. Lab 6.08, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-Bbn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José V Castell
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental y Trasplante Hepático, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Torre A. Lab 6.08, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roque Bort
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental y Trasplante Hepático, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Torre A. Lab 6.08, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Mi X, Su Z, Yue X, Ren Y, Yang X, Qiang L, Kong W, Ma Z, Zhang C, Wang J. 3D bioprinting tumor models mimic the tumor microenvironment for drug screening. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3813-3827. [PMID: 37052182 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a severe threat to human life and health and represents the main cause of death globally. Drug therapy is one of the primary means of treating cancer; however, most anticancer medications do not proceed beyond preclinical testing because the conditions of actual human tumors are not effectively mimicked by traditional tumor models. Hence, bionic in vitro tumor models must be developed to screen for anticancer drugs. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology can produce structures with built-in spatial and chemical complexity and models with accurately controlled structures, a homogeneous size and morphology, less variation across batches, and a more realistic tumor microenvironment (TME). This technology can also rapidly produce such models for high-throughput anticancer medication testing. This review describes 3D bioprinting methods, the use of bioinks in tumor models, and in vitro tumor model design strategies for building complex tumor microenvironment features using biological 3D printing technology. Moreover, the application of 3D bioprinting in vitro tumor models in drug screening is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Mi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Zhi Su
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaokun Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Ya Ren
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Qiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Weiqing Kong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, China
| | - Zhenjiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Changru Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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20
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Aguayo-Morales H, Sierra-Rivera CA, Claudio-Rizo JA, Cobos-Puc LE. Horsetail (Equisetum hyemale) Extract Accelerates Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats by Modulating IL-10 and MCP-1 Release and Collagen Synthesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040514. [PMID: 37111271 PMCID: PMC10141616 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, Equisetum hyemale has been used for wound healing. However, its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. For this purpose, a 40% ethanolic extract of E. hyemale was prepared. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of minerals, sterols, phenolic acids, flavonols, a lignan, and a phenylpropenoid. The extract reduced the viability of RAW 264.7 cells and skin fibroblasts at all times evaluated. On the third day of treatment, this reduction was 30–40% and 15–40%, respectively. In contrast, the extract increased the proliferation of skin fibroblasts only after 48 h. In addition, the extract increased IL-10 release and inhibited MCP-1 release. However, the extract did not affect both TGF-β1 and TNF-α released by RAW 264.7 cells. The higher release of IL-10 could be related to the up-/downregulation of inflammatory pathways mediated by the extract components associated with their bioactivity. The extract inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Topical application of the extract accelerated wound healing in diabetic rats by increasing fibroblast collagen synthesis. These results suggest that E. hyemale extract has great potential for use in the treatment of wounds thanks to its phytochemical composition that modulates cytokine secretion, collagen synthesis, and bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Aguayo-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Unidad Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza S/N Esquina con Ing. José Cárdenas Valdés, República Oriente, Saltillo 25290, Mexico
| | - Crystel A. Sierra-Rivera
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Unidad Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza S/N Esquina con Ing. José Cárdenas Valdés, República Oriente, Saltillo 25290, Mexico
| | - Jesús A. Claudio-Rizo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Unidad Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza S/N Esquina con Ing. José Cárdenas Valdés, República Oriente, Saltillo 25290, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Cobos-Puc
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Unidad Saltillo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza S/N Esquina con Ing. José Cárdenas Valdés, República Oriente, Saltillo 25290, Mexico
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21
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Lipponen A, Kajevu N, Natunen T, Ciszek R, Puhakka N, Hiltunen M, Pitkänen A. Gene Expression Profile as a Predictor of Seizure Liability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044116. [PMID: 36835526 PMCID: PMC9963992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis platforms to predict drug-induced seizure liability at an early phase of drug development would improve safety and reduce attrition and the high cost of drug development. We hypothesized that a drug-induced in vitro transcriptomics signature predicts its ictogenicity. We exposed rat cortical neuronal cultures to non-toxic concentrations of 34 compounds for 24 h; 11 were known to be ictogenic (tool compounds), 13 were associated with a high number of seizure-related adverse event reports in the clinical FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and systematic literature search (FAERS-positive compounds), and 10 were known to be non-ictogenic (FAERS-negative compounds). The drug-induced gene expression profile was assessed from RNA-sequencing data. Transcriptomics profiles induced by the tool, FAERS-positive and FAERS-negative compounds, were compared using bioinformatics and machine learning. Of the 13 FAERS-positive compounds, 11 induced significant differential gene expression; 10 of the 11 showed an overall high similarity to the profile of at least one tool compound, correctly predicting the ictogenicity. Alikeness-% based on the number of the same differentially expressed genes correctly categorized 85%, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis score correctly categorized 73%, and the machine-learning approach correctly categorized 91% of the FAERS-positive compounds with reported seizure liability currently in clinical use. Our data suggest that the drug-induced gene expression profile could be used as a predictive biomarker for seizure liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anssi Lipponen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Natallie Kajevu
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Natunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robert Ciszek
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-50-517-2091; Fax: +358-17-16-3030
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22
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Park SB, Jung WH, Choi KJ, Koh B, Kim KY. A Comparative Systematic Analysis of The Influence of Microplastics on Colon Cells, Mouse and Colon Organoids. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:49-58. [PMID: 36374371 PMCID: PMC9852409 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microplastics (MPs) are small fragments from any type of plastic formed from various sources, including plastic waste and microfibers from clothing. MPs degrades slowly, resulting in a high probability of human inhalation, ingestion and accumulation in bodies and tissues. As its impact on humans is a prolonged event, the evaluation of its toxicity and influence on human health are critical. In particular, MPs can enter the human digestive system through food and beverage consumption, and its effect on the human colon needs to be carefully examined. METHODS We monitored the influence of small MPs (50 and 100 nm) on human colon cells, human colon organoids and also examined their toxicity and changes in gene expression in vivo in a mouse model. RESULTS The data suggested that 5 mg/mL concentrations of 50 and 100 nm MPs induced a > 20% decrease in colon organoid viability and an increase in the expression of inflammatory-, apoptosis- and immunity-related genes. In addition, in vivo data suggested that 50 nm MPs accumulate in various mouse organs, including the colon, liver, pancreas and testicles after 7 d of exposure. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that smaller MPs can induce more toxic effects in the human colon and that human colon organoids have the potential to be used as a predictive tool for colon toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bum Park
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hoon Jung
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Choi
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byumseok Koh
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Nano-liter perfusion microfluidic device made entirely by two-photon polymerization for dynamic cell culture with easy cell recovery. Sci Rep 2023; 13:562. [PMID: 36631601 PMCID: PMC9834384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been the material of choice for microfluidic applications in cell biology for many years, with recent advances encompassing nano-scaffolds and surface modifications to enhance cell-surface interactions at nano-scale. However, PDMS has not previously been amenable to applications which require complex geometries in three dimensions for cell culture device fabrication in the absence of additional components. Further, PDMS microfluidic devices have limited capacity for cell retrieval following culture without severely compromising cell health. This study presents a designed and entirely 3D-printed microfluidic chip (8.8 mm × 8.2 mm × 3.6 mm) using two-photon polymerization (2PP). The 'nest' chip is composed of ten channels that deliver sub-microliter volume flowrates (to ~ 600 nL/min per channel) to 10 individual retrievable cell sample 'cradles' that interlock with the nest to create the microfluidic device. Computational fluid dynamics modelling predicted medium flow in the device, which was accurately validated by real-time microbead tracking. Functional capability of the device was assessed, and demonstrated the capability to deliver culture medium, dyes, and biological molecules to support cell growth, staining and cell phenotype changes, respectively. Therefore, 2PP 3D-printing provides the precision needed for nanoliter fluidic devices constructed from multiple interlocking parts for cell culture application.
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24
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Alternative lung cell model systems for toxicology testing strategies: Current knowledge and future outlook. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 147:70-82. [PMID: 36599788 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the current relevance of pulmonary toxicology (with focus upon air pollution and the inhalation of hazardous materials), it is important to further develop and implement physiologically relevant models of the entire respiratory tract. Lung model development has the aim to create human relevant systems that may replace animal use whilst balancing cost, laborious nature and regulatory ambition. There is an imperative need to move away from rodent models and implement models that mimic the holistic characteristics important in lung function. The purpose of this review is therefore, to describe and identify the various alternative models that are being applied towards assessing the pulmonary toxicology of inhaled substances, as well as the current and potential developments of various advanced models and how they may be applied towards toxicology testing strategies. These models aim to mimic various regions of the lung, as well as implementing different exposure methods with the addition of various physiologically relevent conditions (such as fluid-flow and dynamic movement). There is further progress in the type of models used with focus on the development of lung-on-a-chip technologies and bioprinting, as well as and the optimization of such models to fill current knowledge gaps within toxicology.
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25
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Schot M, Araújo-Gomes N, van Loo B, Kamperman T, Leijten J. Scalable fabrication, compartmentalization and applications of living microtissues. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:392-405. [PMID: 35574053 PMCID: PMC9062422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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26
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In Vitro Susceptibility of Cryptosporidium parvum to Plant Antiparasitic Compounds. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010061. [PMID: 36678409 PMCID: PMC9863366 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a significant cause of watery diarrhoea in humans and other animals worldwide. Although hundreds of novel drugs have been evaluated, no effective specific chemotherapeutic intervention for C. parvum has been reported. There has been much recent interest in evaluating plant-derived products in the fight against gastrointestinal parasites, including C. parvum. This study aimed to identify extracts from 13 different plant species that provide evidence for inhibiting the growth of C. parvum in vitro. Efficacy against C. parvum was detected and quantified using quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assays. All plant extracts tested against C. parvum showed varying inhibition activities in vitro, and none of them produced a cytotoxic effect on HCT-8 cells at concentrations up to 500 µg/mL. Four plant species with the strongest evidence of activity against C. parvum were Curcuma longa, Piper nigrum, Embelia ribes, and Nigella sativa, all with dose-dependent efficacy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that these plant extracts have proven to be experimentally efficacious against C. parvum. These results support further exploration of these plants and their compounds as possible treatments for Cryptosporidium infections.
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27
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Liu JY, Sayes CM. Lung surfactant as a biophysical assay for inhalation toxicology. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 4:100101. [PMID: 36687216 PMCID: PMC9849875 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung surfactant (LS) is a mixture of lipids and proteins that forms a thin film at the gas-exchange surfaces of the alveoli. The components and ultrastructure of LS contribute to its biophysical and biochemical functions in the respiratory system, most notably the lowering of surface tension to facilitate breathing mechanics. LS inhibition can be caused by metabolic deficiencies or the intrusion of endogenous or exogenous substances. While LS has been sourced from animals or synthesized for clinical therapeutics, the biofluid mixture has also gained recent interest as a biophysical model for inhalation toxicity. Various methods can be used to evaluate LS function quantitatively or qualitatively after exposure to potential toxicants. A narrative review of the recent literature was conducted. Studies focused whether LS was inhibited by various environmental contaminants, nanoparticles, or manufactured products. A review is also conducted on synthetic lung surfactants (SLS), which have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional animal-sourced LS. The intrinsic advantages and recent advances of SLS make a strong case for more widespread usage in LS-based toxicological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christie M. Sayes
- Corresponding author at: Baylor University, Department of Environmental Science, One Bear Place # 97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266.
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28
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In Vitro Setup for Determination of Nanoparticle-Mediated Magnetic Cell and Drug Accumulation in Tumor Spheroids under Flow Conditions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235978. [PMID: 36497463 PMCID: PMC9736094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used in nanomedicine as transporter systems for therapeutic cargos, or to magnetize cells to make them magnetically guidable. In cancer treatment, the site-directed delivery of chemotherapeutics or immune effector cells to the tumor can increase the therapeutic efficacy in the target region, and simultaneously reduce toxic side-effects in the rest of the body. To enable the transfer of new methods, such as the nanoparticle-mediated transport from bench to bedside, suitable experimental setups must be developed. In vivo, the SPIONs or SPION-loaded cells must be applied into the blood stream, to finally reach the tumor: consequently, targeting and treatment efficacy should be analyzed under conditions which are as close to in vivo as possible. Here, we established an in vitro method, including tumor spheroids placed in a chamber system under the influence of a magnetic field, and adapted to a peristaltic pump, to mimic the blood flow. This enabled us to analyze the magnetic capture and antitumor effects of magnetically targeted mitoxantrone and immune cells under dynamic conditions. We showed that the magnetic nanoparticle-mediated accumulation increased the anti-tumor effects, and reduced the unspecific distribution of both mitoxantrone and cells. Especially for nanomedical research, investigation of the site-specific targeting of particles, cells or drugs under circulation is important. We conclude that our in vitro setup improves the screening process of nanomedical candidates for cancer treatment.
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29
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Zuo Y, Li R, Zhang Y, Bao G, Le Y, Yan L. Design, synthesis and antitumor activity of 5-trifluoromethylpyrimidine derivatives as EGFR inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2742-2754. [PMID: 36176072 PMCID: PMC9542405 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2128797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of 5-trifluoromethylpyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesised as EGFR inhibitors. Three tumour cells A549, MCF-7, PC-3 and EGFR kinase were employed to evaluate their biological activities. The results were shown that most of the target compounds existed excellent antitumor activities. In particular, the IC50 values of compound 9u (E)-3-((2-((4-(3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylamido)phenyl)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-N-methylthiophene-2-carboxamide against A549, MCF-7, PC-3 cells and EGFR kinase reached to 0.35 μM, 3.24 μM, 5.12 μM, and 0.091 μM, respectively. Additionally, further researches revealed that compound 9u could induce early apoptosis of A549 cells and arrest the cells in G2/M phase. Taken together, these findings indicated that compound 9u was potential for developing as antitumor reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang, China
| | - Guochen Bao
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yi Le
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang, China
| | - Longjia Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang, China
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30
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Xia C, Sun J, Wang Q, Chen J, Wang T, Xu W, Zhang H, Li Y, Chang J, Shi Z, Xu C, Cui Q. Label-Free Sensing of Biomolecular Adsorption and Desorption Dynamics by Interfacial Second Harmonic Generation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111048. [PMID: 36421166 PMCID: PMC9688933 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Observing interfacial molecular adsorption and desorption dynamics in a label-free manner is fundamentally important for understanding spatiotemporal transports of matter and energy across interfaces. Here, we report a label-free real-time sensing technique utilizing strong optical second harmonic generation of monolayer 2D semiconductors. BSA molecule adsorption and desorption dynamics on the surface of monolayer MoS2 in liquid environments have been all-optically observed through time-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements. The proposed SHG detection scheme is not only interface specific but also expected to be widely applicable, which, in principle, undertakes a nanometer-scale spatial resolution across interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jianli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tianjie Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenxiong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianhua Chang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zengliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiannan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Bellamri M, Walmsley SJ, Brown C, Brandt K, Konorev D, Day A, Wu CF, Wu MT, Turesky RJ. DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress of Tobacco Smoke Condensate in Human Bladder Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1863-1880. [PMID: 35877975 PMCID: PMC9665352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer (BC), with up to 50% of BC cases being attributed to smoking. There are 70 known carcinogens in tobacco smoke; however, the principal chemicals responsible for BC remain uncertain. The aromatic amines 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) and 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) are implicated in BC pathogenesis of smokers on the basis of the elevated BC risk in factory workers exposed to these chemicals. However, 4-ABP and 2-NA only occur at several nanograms per cigarette and may be insufficient to induce BC. In contrast, other genotoxicants, including acrolein, occur at 1000-fold or higher levels in tobacco smoke. There is limited data on the toxicological effects of tobacco smoke in human bladder cells. We have assessed the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage of tobacco smoke condensate (TSC) in human RT4 bladder cells. TSC was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction into an acid-neutral fraction (NF), containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs, phenols, and aldehydes, and a basic fraction (BF) containing aromatic amines, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and N-nitroso compounds. The TSC and NF induced a time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, lipid peroxide formation, glutathione (GSH) depletion, and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site formation, while the BF showed weak effects. LC/MS-based metabolomic approaches showed that TSC and NF altered GSH biosynthesis pathways and induced more than 40 GSH conjugates. GSH conjugates of several hydroquinones were among the most abundant conjugates. RT4 cell treatment with synthetic hydroquinones and cresol mixtures at levels present in tobacco smoke accounted for most of the TSC-induced cytotoxicity and the AP sites formed. GSH conjugates of acrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and crotonaldehyde levels also increased owing to TSC-induced oxidative stress. Thus, TSC is a potent toxicant and DNA-damaging agent, inducing deleterious effects in human bladder cells at concentrations of <1% of a cigarette in cell culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Scott J. Walmsley
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Christina Brown
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Kyle Brandt
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Dmitri Konorev
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Abderrahman Day
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, CS Building, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming Tsang Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, CS Building, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
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Development of an In Vitro Model of SARS-CoV-Induced Acute Lung Injury for Studying New Therapeutic Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101910. [PMID: 36290634 PMCID: PMC9598130 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the causes of death of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 is the induced respiratory failure caused by excessive activation of the immune system, the so-called “cytokine storm”, leading to damage to lung tissue. In vitro models reproducing various stages of the disease can be used to explore the pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to treating the consequences of a cytokine storm. We have developed an in vitro test system for simulating damage to the pulmonary epithelium as a result of the development of a hyperinflammatory reaction based on the co-cultivation of pulmonary epithelial cells (A549 cells) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this model, after 24 h of co-cultivation, a sharp decrease in the rate of proliferation of A549 cells associated with the intrinsic development of oxidative stress and, ultimately, with the induction of PANoptotic death were observed. There was a significant increase in the concentration of 40 cytokines/chemokines in a conditioned medium, including TNF-α, IFN-α, IL-6, and IL-1a, which corresponded to the cytokine profile in patients with severe manifestation of COVID-19. In order to verify the model, the analysis of the anti-inflammatory effects of well-known substances (dexamethasone, LPS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS), polymyxin B), as well as multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) was carried out. Dexamethasone and polymyxin B restored the proliferative activity of A549 cells and reduced the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines. MSC demonstrated an ambivalent effect through stimulated production of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors that regenerate lung tissue. LPS-RS and EVs showed no significant effect. The developed test system can be used to study molecular and cellular pathological processes and to evaluate the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches for the correction of hyperinflammatory response in COVID-19 patients.
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Tarricone G, Carmagnola I, Chiono V. Tissue-Engineered Models of the Human Brain: State-of-the-Art Analysis and Challenges. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030146. [PMID: 36135581 PMCID: PMC9501967 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affect billions of people across the world, making the discovery of effective treatments an important challenge. The evaluation of drug efficacy is further complicated because of the lack of in vitro models able to reproduce the complexity of the human brain structure and functions. Some limitations of 2D preclinical models of the human brain have been overcome by the use of 3D cultures such as cell spheroids, organoids and organs-on-chip. However, one of the most promising approaches for mimicking not only cell structure, but also brain architecture, is currently represented by tissue-engineered brain models. Both conventional (particularly electrospinning and salt leaching) and unconventional (particularly bioprinting) techniques have been exploited, making use of natural polymers or combinations between natural and synthetic polymers. Moreover, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has allowed the co-culture of different human brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia), helping towards approaching the central nervous system complexity. In this review article, we explain the importance of in vitro brain modeling, and present the main in vitro brain models developed to date, with a special focus on the most recent advancements in tissue-engineered brain models making use of iPSCs. Finally, we critically discuss achievements, main challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tarricone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- PolitoBioMedLab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principle in Teaching and Research, Centro 3R, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Irene Carmagnola
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- PolitoBioMedLab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principle in Teaching and Research, Centro 3R, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- PolitoBioMedLab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principle in Teaching and Research, Centro 3R, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Torres-Quesada O, Doerrier C, Strich S, Gnaiger E, Stefan E. Physiological Cell Culture Media Tune Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Drug Sensitivity in Cancer Cell Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163917. [PMID: 36010911 PMCID: PMC9405899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell biologists trust in standard media for analyzing cellular functions and for the specification of target-oriented drug efficacies in cell culture settings. Here, we present a general applicable workflow for the constant monitoring of bioenergetic states of cells grown in 2D cell models to accompany tailored drug discovery efforts. Using in-depth high-resolution respirometry analyses (HRR) of mitochondrial function, we unveiled that the human-plasma-like media (HPLM) altered cellular energetic states. In a systematic HRR setup for drug profiling experiments, we revealed an unexpected side effect of an FDA-approved cancer drug on mitochondrial function, exclusively in HPLM. Thus, we believe that both the recordings of bioenergetic states and the use of more physiological media would improve and reshape cell-based drug discovery ventures. Abstract Two-dimensional cell cultures are established models in research for studying and perturbing cell-type specific functions. However, many limitations apply to the cell growth in a monolayer using standard cell culture media. Although they have been used for decades, their formulations do not mimic the composition of the human cell environment. In this study, we analyzed the impact of a newly formulated human plasma-like media (HPLM) on cell proliferation, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and alterations of drug efficacies using three distinct cancer cell lines. Using high-resolution respirometry, we observed that cells grown in HPLM displayed significantly altered mitochondrial bioenergetic profiles, particularly related to mitochondrial density and mild uncoupling of respiration. Furthermore, in contrast to standard media, the growth of cells in HPLM unveiled mitochondrial dysfunction upon exposure to the FDA-approved kinase inhibitor sunitinib. This seemingly context-dependent side effect of this drug highlights that the selection of the cell culture medium influences the assessment of cancer drug sensitivities. Thus, we suggest to prioritize media with a more physiological composition for analyzing bioenergetic profiles and to take it into account for assigning drug efficacies in the cell culture model of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Torres-Quesada
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (O.T.-Q.); (E.S.)
| | | | - Sophie Strich
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Oroboros Instruments, Schoepfstrasse 18, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (O.T.-Q.); (E.S.)
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Evaluation of rapid transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement as a metric of kidney toxicity in a high-throughput microfluidic culture system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13182. [PMID: 35915212 PMCID: PMC9343646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid non-invasive kidney-specific readouts are essential to maximizing the potential of microfluidic tissue culture platforms for drug-induced nephrotoxicity screening. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a well-established technique, but it has yet to be evaluated as a metric of toxicity in a kidney proximal tubule (PT) model that recapitulates the high permeability of the native tissue and is also suitable for high-throughput screening. We utilized the PREDICT96 high-throughput microfluidic platform, which has rapid TEER measurement capability and multi-flow control, to evaluate the utility of TEER sensing for detecting cisplatin-induced toxicity in a human primary PT model under both mono- and co-culture conditions as well as two levels of fluid shear stress (FSS). Changes in TEER of PT-microvascular co-cultures followed a dose-dependent trend similar to that demonstrated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays and were well-correlated with tight junction coverage after cisplatin exposure. Additionally, cisplatin-induced changes in TEER were detectable prior to increases in cell death in co-cultures. PT mono-cultures had a less differentiated phenotype and were not conducive to toxicity monitoring with TEER. The results of this study demonstrate that TEER has potential as a rapid, early, and label-free indicator of toxicity in microfluidic PT-microvascular co-culture models.
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Godínez-Loyola Y, Gracia-Mora J, Rojas-Montoya ID, Hernández-Ayala LF, Reina M, Ortiz-Frade LA, Rascón-Valenzuela LA, Robles-Zepeda RE, Gómez-Vidales V, Bernad-Bernad MJ, Ruiz-Azuara L. Casiopeinas® third generation, with indomethacin: synthesis, characterization, DFT studies, antiproliferative activity, and nanoencapsulation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21662-21673. [PMID: 35975050 PMCID: PMC9347768 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven new Casiopeinas® were synthesized and properly characterized. These novel compounds have a general formula [Cu(N–N)(Indo)]NO3, where Indo is deprotonated indomethacin and N–N is either bipyridine or phenanthroline with some methyl-substituted derivatives, belonging to the third generation of Casiopeinas®. Spectroscopic characterization suggests a square-based pyramid geometry and voltammetry experiments indicate that the redox potential is strongly dependent on the N–N ligand. All the presented compounds show high cytotoxic efficiency, and most of them exhibit higher efficacy compared to the well-known cisplatin drug and acetylacetonate analogs of the first generation. Computational calculations show that antiproliferative behavior can be directly related to the volume of the molecules. Besides, a chitosan (CS)–polyacrylamide (PNIPAAm) nanogel was synthesized and characterized to examine the encapsulation and release properties of the [Cu(4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(Indo)]NO3 compound. The results show good encapsulation performance in acidic conditions and a higher kinetic drug release in acidic media than at neutral pH. This result can be described by the Peppas–Sahlin model and indicates a release mechanism predominantly by Fick diffusion. Seven new 3rd generation Casiopeinas® are presented with the indomethacin ligand that improves their antiproliferative activity. A chitosan–polyacrylamide nanogel presents good encapsulation and release properties for the more efficient compound.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yokari Godínez-Loyola
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU Ciudad de México C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | - Jesús Gracia-Mora
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU Ciudad de México C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | - Iván D Rojas-Montoya
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU Ciudad de México C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Hernández-Ayala
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU Ciudad de México C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | - Miguel Reina
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU Ciudad de México C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | | | - Luisa Alondra Rascón-Valenzuela
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora Boulevard Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Hermosillo Sonora C.P. 83000 Mexico
| | - Ramón Enrique Robles-Zepeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora Boulevard Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Hermosillo Sonora C.P. 83000 Mexico
| | - Virginia Gómez-Vidales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU Ciudad de México C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | - María Josefa Bernad-Bernad
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU Ciudad de México C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | - Lena Ruiz-Azuara
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU Ciudad de México C.P. 04510 Mexico
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Scholp AJ, Jensen J, Chinnathambi S, Atluri K, Mendenhall A, Fowler T, Salem AK, Martin JA, Sander EA. Force-Bioreactor for Assessing Pharmacological Therapies for Mechanobiological Targets. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:907611. [PMID: 35928948 PMCID: PMC9343955 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.907611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is a major health issue that impacts millions of people and is costly to treat. However, few effective anti-fibrotic treatments are available. Due to their central role in fibrotic tissue deposition, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the target of many therapeutic strategies centered primarily on either inducing apoptosis or blocking mechanical or biochemical stimulation that leads to excessive collagen production. Part of the development of these drugs for clinical use involves in vitro prescreening. 2D screens, however, are not ideal for discovering mechanobiologically significant compounds that impact functions like force generation and other cell activities related to tissue remodeling that are highly dependent on the conditions of the microenvironment. Thus, higher fidelity models are needed to better simulate in vivo conditions and relate drug activity to quantifiable functional outcomes. To provide guidance on effective drug dosing strategies for mechanoresponsive drugs, we describe a custom force-bioreactor that uses a fibroblast-seeded fibrin gels as a relatively simple mimic of the provisional matrix of a healing wound. As cells generate traction forces, the volume of the gel reduces, and a calibrated and embedded Nitinol wire deflects in proportion to the generated forces over the course of 6 days while overhead images of the gel are acquired hourly. This system is a useful in vitro tool for quantifying myofibroblast dose-dependent responses to candidate biomolecules, such as blebbistatin. Administration of 50 μM blebbistatin reliably reduced fibroblast force generation approximately 40% and lasted at least 40 h, which in turn resulted in qualitatively less collagen production as determined via fluorescent labeling of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J. Scholp
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jordan Jensen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Sathivel Chinnathambi
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Keerthi Atluri
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alyssa Mendenhall
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Timothy Fowler
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - James A. Martin
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Edward A. Sander
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Edward A. Sander,
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Molins B, Mesquida M, Adan A. Bioengineering approaches for modelling retinal pathologies of the outer blood-retinal barrier. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022:101097. [PMID: 35840488 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the junctional complex of the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB), which is integrated by the close interaction of the retinal pigment epithelium, the Bruch's membrane, and the choriocapillaris, contribute to the loss of neuronal signalling and subsequent vision impairment in several retinal inflammatory disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Reductionist approaches into the mechanisms that underlie such diseases have been hindered by the absence of adequate in vitro models using human cells to provide the 3D dynamic architecture that enables expression of the in vivo phenotype of the oBRB. Conventional in vitro cell models are based on 2D monolayer cellular cultures, unable to properly recapitulate the complexity of living systems. The main drawbacks of conventional oBRB models also emerge from the cell sourcing, the lack of an appropriate Bruch's membrane analogue, and the lack of choroidal microvasculature with flow. In the last years, the advent of organ-on-a-chip, bioengineering, and stem cell technologies is providing more advanced 3D models with flow, multicellularity, and external control over microenvironmental properties. By incorporating additional biological complexity, organ-on-a-chip devices can mirror physiologically relevant properties of the native tissue while offering additional set ups to model and study disease. In this review we first examine the current understanding of oBRB biology as a functional unit, highlighting the coordinated contribution of the different components to barrier function in health and disease. Then we describe recent advances in the use of pluripotent stem cells-derived retinal cells, Bruch's membrane analogues, and co-culture techniques to recapitulate the oBRB. We finally discuss current advances and challenges of oBRB-on-a-chip technologies for disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Molins
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Mesquida
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Adan
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Clínic de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Rocha JD, Gallon ME, de Melo Bisneto AV, Santana Amaral VC, de Almeida LM, Borges LL, Chen-Chen L, Gobbo-Neto L, Bailão EFLC. Phytochemical Composition and Protective Effect of Vernonanthura polyanthes Leaf against In Vivo Doxorubicin-Mediated Toxicity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082553. [PMID: 35458751 PMCID: PMC9032716 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (syn.: Vernonia polyanthes Less) is popularly known as “assa-peixe” and its leaves are used in folk medicine mainly to treat respiratory diseases. In this study, we evaluated the cytogenotoxic and anticytogenotoxic potential of the V. polyanthes leaf aqueous extract (VpLAE) and its n-butanol fraction (n-BF) in the presence or absence of doxorubicin (DXR) (pre-, co-, and post-treatments) on a murine model for 24 h or 120 h. The micronucleus test (MN) and the comet assay were used to assess the cytogenotoxic and anticytogenotoxic potential of VpLAE and n-BF (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) administered via gavage to Swiss Webster mice. The chemical profiles of VpLAE and n-BF were assessed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and their metabolites were putatively identified. Lastly, the possible biological activities related to the (anti) cytogenotoxicity of the compounds were predicted using the PASS online webserver. The in vivo results showed that different doses of VpLAE and n-BF did not present cytotoxic activity; however, the MN test revealed a slight mutagenic activity for the 24 h treatments. Moderate genotoxic effects were demonstrated for all treatments in the comet assay. Regarding anticytotoxicity and antimutagenicity, VpLAE and n-BF presented a high cytoprotective potential against DXR toxic effects. In the co-treatment, VpLAE reduced the DXR genotoxicity by ~27%, and n-BF did not demonstrate antigenotoxic potential. In contrast, an antigenotoxic effect was observed for both VpLAE and n-BF in the pre- and post-treatments, reducing DXR genotoxicity by ~41% and ~47%, respectively. Chemical analysis of VpLAE and n-BF showed the presence of eight phenolic compounds, including seven chlorogenic acids and a flavonoid. The PASS online tool predicted antimutagenic, anticancer, antineoplastic, chemoprotective, antioxidant, and radical scavenging activities for all constituents identified in VpLAE and n-BF. V. polyanthes leaves presented a protective effect against DXR cytogenotoxicity. In general, VpLAE and n-BF showed a greater antigenotoxic potential in the pre- and post-treatments. The metabolites putatively identified in VpLAE and n-BF exhibited antioxidant and chemoprotective potential according to computational prediction analysis. Altogether, our results highlight the potential application of V. polyanthes to protect against toxic manifestations induced by DXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamira Dias Rocha
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Campus Central, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (J.D.R.); (V.C.S.A.); (L.M.d.A.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Marilia Elias Gallon
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (M.E.G.); (L.G.-N.)
| | - Abel Vieira de Melo Bisneto
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas I, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74045-155, GO, Brazil; (A.V.d.M.B.); (L.C.-C.)
| | - Vanessa Cristiane Santana Amaral
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Campus Central, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (J.D.R.); (V.C.S.A.); (L.M.d.A.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Luciane Madureira de Almeida
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Campus Central, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (J.D.R.); (V.C.S.A.); (L.M.d.A.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Leonardo Luiz Borges
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Campus Central, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (J.D.R.); (V.C.S.A.); (L.M.d.A.); (L.L.B.)
- Escola de Ciências Médicas e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-010, GO, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas I, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74045-155, GO, Brazil; (A.V.d.M.B.); (L.C.-C.)
| | - Leonardo Gobbo-Neto
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (M.E.G.); (L.G.-N.)
| | - Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Campus Central, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (J.D.R.); (V.C.S.A.); (L.M.d.A.); (L.L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(62)-3328-1151
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Pegorin Brasil GS, de Barros PP, Miranda MCR, de Barros NR, Junqueira JC, Gomez A, Herculano RD, de Mendonça RJ. Natural latex serum: characterization and biocompatibility assessment using Galleria mellonella as an alternative in vivo model. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:705-726. [PMID: 34927570 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.2014027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural latex serum (NLS) is one of the natural rubber latex fractions from Hevea brasiliensis tree, which is formed by centrifuged serum and is composed of proteins, acids, nucleotides, salts and carbohydrates. The proteins present in NLS have demonstrated several interesting biological properties, including angiogenic, healing, osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, in addition to inducing neovascularization, bone formation and osseointegration. Thus, we proposed to characterize NLS by physicochemical techniques and to investigate the biocompatibility by toxicological assays and safety test in Galleria mellonella. Infrared spectrum showed vibrational bands characteristic of amide I, II and III that are linked to the protein content, which was confirmed by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography profile and by the Electrophoresis analysis. This material did not exhibit hemolytic (rate <0.5%) and cytotoxic effects (viability >70%) and was able to enhance the proliferation of fibroblasts (>600%) after 3 days. The pronounced proliferative effect observed in fibroblast cells can be explained by the presence of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) like protein revealed by the Western blot test. Moreover, NLS did not provoke toxic effects (survival ∼ 80%) on the G. mellonella model, indicating that it is a biocompatible and safe material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Sant'Ana Pegorin Brasil
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pimentel de Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Multicampi School of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Caico, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Gomez
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José de Mendonça
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Physiology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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41
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Ramezankhani R, Solhi R, Chai YC, Vosough M, Verfaillie C. Organoid and microfluidics-based platforms for drug screening in COVID-19. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1062-1076. [PMID: 34954328 PMCID: PMC8695520 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Proposing efficient prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) requires precise knowledge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis. An array of platforms, including organoids and microfluidic devices, have provided a basis for studies of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarize available models as well as novel drug screening approaches, from simple to more advanced platforms. Notably, organoids and microfluidic devices offer promising perspectives for the clinical translation of basic science, such as screening therapeutics candidates. Overall, modifying these advanced micro and macro 3D platforms for disease modeling and combining them with recent advances in drug screening has significant potential for the discovery of novel potent drugs against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Ramezankhani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Basic Science and Advanced Medical Technologies, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Solhi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yoke Chin Chai
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Basic Science and Advanced Medical Technologies, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
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Zoio P, Oliva A. Skin-on-a-Chip Technology: Microengineering Physiologically Relevant In Vitro Skin Models. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030682. [PMID: 35336056 PMCID: PMC8955316 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased demand for physiologically relevant in vitro human skin models for testing pharmaceutical drugs has led to significant advancements in skin engineering. One of the most promising approaches is the use of in vitro microfluidic systems to generate advanced skin models, commonly known as skin-on-a-chip (SoC) devices. These devices allow the simulation of key mechanical, functional and structural features of the human skin, better mimicking the native microenvironment. Importantly, contrary to conventional cell culture techniques, SoC devices can perfuse the skin tissue, either by the inclusion of perfusable lumens or by the use of microfluidic channels acting as engineered vasculature. Moreover, integrating sensors on the SoC device allows real-time, non-destructive monitoring of skin function and the effect of topically and systemically applied drugs. In this Review, the major challenges and key prerequisites for the creation of physiologically relevant SoC devices for drug testing are considered. Technical (e.g., SoC fabrication and sensor integration) and biological (e.g., cell sourcing and scaffold materials) aspects are discussed. Recent advancements in SoC devices are here presented, and their main achievements and drawbacks are compared and discussed. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges that need to be overcome for the clinical translation of SoC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Zoio
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Abel Oliva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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43
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Bednarczyk E, Lu Y, Paini A, Batista Leite S, van Grunsven LA, Worth A, Whelan M. Extension of the Virtual Cell Based Assay from a 2-D to a 3-D Cell Culture Model. Altern Lab Anim 2022; 50:45-56. [PMID: 35238679 DOI: 10.1177/02611929221082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of chemical toxicity is very useful in risk assessment. With the current paradigm shift towards the use of in vitro and in silico systems, we present herein a theoretical mathematical description of a quasi-diffusion process to predict chemical concentrations in 3-D spheroid cell cultures. By extending a 2-D Virtual Cell Based Assay (VCBA) model into a 3-D spheroid cell model, we assume that cells are arranged in a series of concentric layers within the sphere. We formulate the chemical quasi-diffusion process by simplifying the spheroid with respect to the number of cells in each layer. The system was calibrated and tested with acetaminophen (APAP). Simulated predictions of APAP toxicity were compared with empirical data from in vitro measurements by using a 3-D spheroid model. The results of this first attempt to extend the VCBA model are promising - they show that the VCBA model simulates close correlation between the influence of compound concentration and the viability of the HepaRG 3-D cell culture. The 3-D VCBA model provides a complement to current in vitro procedures to refine experimental setups, to fill data gaps and help in the interpretation of in vitro data for the purposes of risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bednarczyk
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Yanfei Lu
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Andrew Worth
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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Metabolites of soil microorganisms modulate amyloid β production in Alzheimer's neurons. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2690. [PMID: 35236875 PMCID: PMC8891331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial flora is investigated to be related with neuropathological conditions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and is attracting attention as a drug discovery resource. However, the relevance between the soil microbiota and the pathological condition has not been fully clarified due to the difficulty in isolation culture and the component complexity. In this study, we established a library of secondly metabolites produced in microorganism to investigate the potential effect of microorganisms on the production of amyloid β (Aβ), one of the most representative pathogens of AD. We conducted a library screening to quantify Aβ and neuronal toxicity by using cortical neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of AD patients after adding secondary metabolites. Screening results and following assessment of dose-dependency identified Verrucarin A, produced in Myrothecium spp., showed 80% decrease in Aβ production. Furthermore, addition of Mer-A2026A, produced in Streptomyces pactum, showed increase in Aβ42/40 ratio at the low concentration, and decrease in Aβ production at the higher concentration. As a result, established library and iPSC-based phenotyping assay clarified a direct link between Aβ production and soil microorganisms. These results suggest that Aβ-microorganism interaction may provide insight into the AD pathophysiology with potential therapeutics.
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Hammel JH, Zatorski JM, Cook SR, Pompano RR, Munson JM. Engineering in vitro immune-competent tissue models for testing and evaluation of therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114111. [PMID: 35031388 PMCID: PMC8908413 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in 3D cell culture, microscale fluidic control, and cellular analysis have enabled the development of more physiologically-relevant engineered models of human organs with precise control of the cellular microenvironment. Engineered models have been used successfully to answer fundamental biological questions and to screen therapeutics, but these often neglect key elements of the immune system. There are immune elements in every tissue that contribute to healthy and diseased states. Including immune function will be essential for effective preclinical testing of therapeutics for inflammatory and immune-modulated diseases. In this review, we first discuss the key components to consider in designing engineered immune-competent models in terms of physical, chemical, and biological cues. Next, we review recent applications of models of immunity for screening therapeutics for cancer, preclinical evaluation of engineered T cells, modeling autoimmunity, and screening vaccine efficacy. Future work is needed to further recapitulate immune responses in engineered models for the most informative therapeutic screening and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Hammel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Zatorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Sophie R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA,Carter Immunology Center and UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA
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Torpor/hibernation cycle may enhance the risk of insecticides for bats: an in vitro study. ACTA VET BRNO 2022. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202291010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to pollutants is considered one of the potential reasons of population declines in bats. In the context of previous studies, we managed to create and keep a wide collection of cell lines from European bat species. Liver cells were chosen for testing, as they represent the preferred model for toxicological studies. Bats are protected, cell lines replacing experimental animals thus represent a unique opportunity to examine effects of pollutants which animals are exposed to in their environments. Moreover, cell incubation temperature variation may simulate physiological states of heterothermic bats. Liver cell lines were cultivated to the required cell number. Exposure to five different concentrations of permethrin (PM) and imidacloprid (IMI) were used to determine cytotoxic effects of these pesticides on Nyctalus noctula-derived liver cells cultivated at 37 °C and 8 °C for 24 h. An assay based on the measurement of activity of lactate dehydrogenase released from damaged cells was used for quantitating cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity of IMI ranged from 0% to 47% and from 56% to 67% at 37 °C and 8 °C, respectively. Cytotoxicity of PM ranged from 36% to 56% and from 43% to 88% at 37 °C and 8 °C, respectively. Permethrin was tested on the cells at an order of magnitude lower concentrations; even so, higher degree of cytotoxicity was recorded. Imidacloprid was more toxic to bat liver cells at a hibernation temperature than at body temperature of 37 °C.
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47
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Mechanistically Coupled PK (MCPK) Model to Describe Enzyme Induction and Occupancy Dependent DDI of Dabrafenib Metabolism. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020310. [PMID: 35214043 PMCID: PMC8875124 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dabrafenib inhibits the cell proliferation of metastatic melanoma with the oncogenic BRAF(V600)-mutation. However, dabrafenib monotherapy is associated with pERK reactivation, drug resistance, and consequential relapse. A clinical drug-dose determination study shows increased pERK levels upon daily administration of more than 300 mg dabrafenib. To clarify whether such elevated drug concentrations could be reached by long-term drug accumulation, we mechanistically coupled the pharmacokinetics (MCPK) of dabrafenib and its metabolites. The MCPK model is qualitatively based on in vitro and quantitatively on clinical data to describe occupancy-dependent CYP3A4 enzyme induction, accumulation, and drug–drug interaction mechanisms. The prediction suggests an eight-fold increase in the steady-state concentration of potent desmethyl-dabrafenib and its inactive precursor carboxy-dabrafenib within four weeks upon 150 mg b.d. dabrafenib. While it is generally assumed that a higher dose is not critical, we found experimentally that a high physiological dabrafenib concentration fails to induce cell death in embedded 451LU melanoma spheroids.
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48
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Wang X, Zhu H, Jiang Y, Li Y, Tang C, Chen X, Li Y, Liu Q, Liu Q. PRODeepSyn: predicting anticancer synergistic drug combinations by embedding cell lines with protein–protein interaction network. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6511206. [PMID: 35043159 PMCID: PMC8921631 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although drug combinations in cancer treatment appear to be a promising therapeutic strategy with respect to monotherapy, it is arduous to discover new synergistic drug combinations due to the combinatorial explosion. Deep learning technology holds immense promise for better prediction of in vitro synergistic drug combinations for certain cell lines. In methods applying such technology, omics data are widely adopted to construct cell line features. However, biological network data are rarely considered yet, which is worthy of in-depth study. In this study, we propose a novel deep learning method, termed PRODeepSyn, for predicting anticancer synergistic drug combinations. By leveraging the Graph Convolutional Network, PRODeepSyn integrates the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network with omics data to construct low-dimensional dense embeddings for cell lines. PRODeepSyn then builds a deep neural network with the Batch Normalization mechanism to predict synergy scores using the cell line embeddings and drug features. PRODeepSyn achieves the lowest root mean square error of 15.08 and the highest Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.75, outperforming two deep learning methods and four machine learning methods. On the classification task, PRODeepSyn achieves an area under the receiver operator characteristics curve of 0.90, an area under the precision–recall curve of 0.63 and a Cohen’s Kappa of 0.53. In the ablation study, we find that using the multi-omics data and the integrated PPI network’s information both can improve the prediction results. Additionally, the case study demonstrates the consistency between PRODeepSyn and previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yizhi Jiang
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Li
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Tang
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Corresponding authors: Qin Liu, School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China. Tel.: +86-021-69589075; E-mail: ; Qi Liu, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Tel.: +86-021-65980296; E-mail:
| | - Qin Liu
- Corresponding authors: Qin Liu, School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China. Tel.: +86-021-69589075; E-mail: ; Qi Liu, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Tel.: +86-021-65980296; E-mail:
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Kumar S, Curran JE, Williams-Blangero S, Blangero J. Efficient Generation of Functional Hepatocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and Disease Gene Discovery. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2549:85-101. [PMID: 33772461 PMCID: PMC11131577 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
In vitro hepatocyte cell models are being used to study the pathogenesis of liver disease and in the discovery and preclinical stages of drug development. The culture of hepatic cell lines and primary hepatocytes as in vitro cell models has been carried out for several decades. However, hepatic cell lines (hepatic carcinoma generated or immortalized) have limited accuracy when recapitulating complex physiological functions of the liver. Additionally, primary hepatocytes sourced from human cadavers or medical biopsies are difficult to obtain due to sourcing limitations, particularly for large-scale population studies or in applications requiring large number of cells. Hepatocyte cultures differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) overcome in large part the limitations of traditional hepatocyte in vitro models. In this chapter, we described an efficient protocol routinely used in our laboratory to differentiate human iPSCs into functional hepatocyte cultures for in vitro modeling of liver function and disease. The protocol uses a three-stage differentiation strategy to generate functional hepatocytes from human iPSCs. The differentiated cells show characteristic hepatocyte morphology including flat and polygonal shape, distinct round nuclei, and presence of biliary canaliculi and they express hepatic markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin (ALB), E-cadherin (CHD1), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α), and actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, McAllen, TX, USA.
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Williams-Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, McAllen, TX, USA
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
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Bocheńska K, Moskot M, Gabig-Cimińska M. Use of Cytokine Mix-, Imiquimod-, and Serum-Induced Monoculture and Lipopolysaccharide- and Interferon Gamma-Treated Co-Culture to Establish In Vitro Psoriasis-like Inflammation Models. Cells 2021; 10:2985. [PMID: 34831208 PMCID: PMC8616089 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (Ps), commonly perceived as a skin and joint disorder, has a complex basis and results from disturbances in the sophisticated network between skin and the immune system. This makes it difficult to properly depict the complete pathomechanism on an in vitro scale. Deciphering the complicated or even subtle modulation of intra- and intercellular factors, assisted by the implementation of in vitro human skin models, may provide the opportunity to dissect the disease background step by step. In addition to reconstructed artificial skin substitutes, which mimic the native physiological context, in vitro models are conducive to the broad "3 Rs" philosophy (reduce, refine, and replace) and represent important tools for basic and applied skin research. To meet the need for a more comprehensive in vitro Ps model, a set of various experimental conditions was applied in this study. The selection of in vitro treatment that mimicked the Ps phenotype was illustrated by analyses of discriminating biomarker genes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, i.e., keratinocyte differentiation markers, antimicrobial peptides, chemokines, and proliferation markers. This resulted in a reproducible protocol for the use of the primary skin keratinocyte (pKC) monoculture treated with a cytokine cocktail (5MIX, i.e., interleukin (IL) 1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-17A, IL-22, oncostatin M (OSM), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) at a calcium (Ca2+) concentration (i.e., 2 mM) in an applied medium, which best mirrored the in vitro Ps-like inflammatory model. In addition, based on waste skin material, the method has the potential for extensive experimentation, both in detailed molecular studies and preclinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bocheńska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Marta Moskot
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Human Skin Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Human Skin Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
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