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Juliani PZ, Rodrigues T, Bressan GN, Camponogara C, Oliveira SM, Brucker N, Fachinetto R. Effects of association between resveratrol and ketamine on behavioral and biochemical analysis in mice. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:971-986. [PMID: 38874765 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a phenol commonly found in grapes and wine, has been associated as protective in experimental models involving alterations in different neurotransmitter systems. However, studies are reporting that resveratrol could have adverse effects. This study evaluated if the association of a low dose of ketamine and resveratrol could induce behavioral manifestations associated with biochemical alterations. Moreover, the effects of treatment with resveratrol and/or ketamine on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, oxidative stress markers, and IL-6 levels in the brain were also investigated. Male Swiss mice received a low dose of ketamine (20 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days, and resveratrol (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg) from day 8 up to day 14 of the experimental period, intraperitoneally. Locomotor, stereotyped behavior, Y-maze, novel recognition object test (NORT), and social interaction were quantified as well as ex vivo analysis of MAO activity, IL-6 levels, and oxidative stress markers (TBARS and total thiol levels) in brain tissues. Ketamine per se reduced the number of bouts of stereotyped behavior on day 8 of the experimental period. Resveratrol per se reduced the locomotor and exploratory activity in the open field, the time of exploration of new objects in the NORT, MAO-A activity in the striatum and increased the IL-6 levels in the cortex. These effects were attenuated when the mice were co-treated with ketamine and resveratrol. There was a decrease in MAO-A activity in the cortex of mice treated with ketamine + resveratrol 100 mg/kg. No significant alterations were found in oxidative stress markers. Resveratrol does not appear to cause summative effects with ketamine on behavioral alterations. However, the effect of resveratrol per se, mainly on locomotor and exploratory activity, should be better investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Zorzi Juliani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Talita Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Getulio Nicola Bressan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Camponogara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselei Fachinetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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2
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Ang JJ, Shivashekaregowda NKH, Yow HY, Rizwan F, Wong PF, Jantan I, Omar MH, Misnan NM, Low BS. Stimulatory effect of eurycomanone from Eurycoma longifolia Jack roots on dopamine secretion in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 39066784 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2383272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Eurycomanone has been identified as the major bioactive compound contributing to Eurycoma longifolia (EL) aphrodisiac activity, however, its mechanism of action remains obscured. Presently, eurycomanone was isolated from EL root extract and its molecular structure was identified. The human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was differentiated into human dopaminergic neuron-like cells. Exogenous dopamine levels from the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were quantified following the treatment of 5, 10, 15 μM of eurycomanone and 10 μM clorgyline as positive control. Dopamine secretion was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the vehicle control (p < .01) in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Dopamine concentration stimulated by 15 μM eurycomanone was significantly higher than clorgyline (p < .05), an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A that suppresses dopamine catabolism. In conclusion, eurycomanone stimulated dopamine release of human SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells, which could be one of the mechanisms that underpin the aphrodisiac properties of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jie Ang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Hui-Yin Yow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farzana Rizwan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institut Biologi Sistem, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Hasyima Omar
- Photochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazlan Mohmad Misnan
- Photochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bin-Seng Low
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Ayoup MS, Ghanem M, Abdel-Hamid H, Abu-Serie MM, Masoud A, Ghareeb DA, Hawsawi MB, Sonousi A, Kassab AE. New 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potential multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. BMC Chem 2024; 18:130. [PMID: 39003489 PMCID: PMC11246588 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of new 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-AD potential. The results revealed that eleven compounds (1b, 2a-c, 3b, 4a-c, and 5a-c) exhibited excellent inhibitory potential against AChE, with IC50 values ranging from 0.00098 to 0.07920 µM. Their potency was 1.55 to 125.47 times higher than that of donepezil (IC50 = 0.12297 µM). In contrast, the newly synthesized oxadiazole derivatives with IC50 values in the range of 16.64-70.82 µM exhibited less selectivity towards BuChE when compared to rivastigmine (IC50 = 5.88 µM). Moreover, oxadiazole derivative 2c (IC50 = 463.85 µM) was more potent antioxidant than quercetin (IC50 = 491.23 µM). Compounds 3b (IC50 = 536.83 µM) and 3c (IC50 = 582.44 µM) exhibited comparable antioxidant activity to that of quercetin. Oxadiazole derivatives 3b (IC50 = 140.02 µM) and 4c (IC50 = 117.43 µM) showed prominent MAO-B inhibitory potential. They were more potent than biperiden (IC50 = 237.59 µM). Compounds 1a, 1b, 3a, 3c, and 4b exhibited remarkable MAO-A inhibitory potential, with IC50 values ranging from 47.25 to 129.7 µM. Their potency was 1.1 to 3.03 times higher than that of methylene blue (IC50 = 143.6 µM). Most of the synthesized oxadiazole derivatives provided significant protection against induced HRBCs lysis, revealing the nontoxic effect of the synthesized compounds, thus making them safe drug candidates. The results unveiled oxadiazole derivatives 2b, 2c, 3b, 4a, 4c, and 5a as multitarget anti-AD agents. The high AChE inhibitory potential can be computationally explained by the synthesized oxadiazole derivatives' significant interactions with the AChE active site. Compound 2b showed good physicochemical properties. All these data suggest that 2b could be considered as a promising candidate for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt.
| | - Mariam Ghanem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Hamida Abdel-Hamid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Masoud
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Drug Preclinical Studies (CE-DPS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industry Development Center, City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications (SRTA-city), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
- Research Projects Unit, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed B Hawsawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Sonousi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
- University of Hertfordshire hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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4
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Ding W, Wang L, Li L, Li H, Wu J, Zhang J, Wang J. Pathogenesis of depression and the potential for traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407869. [PMID: 38983910 PMCID: PMC11231087 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent mental disorder that significantly diminishes quality of life and longevity, ranking as one of the primary causes of disability globally. Contemporary research has explored the potential pathogenesis of depression from various angles, encompassing genetics, neurotransmitter systems, neurotrophic factors, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammation, and intestinal flora, among other contributing factors. In addition, conventional chemical medications are plagued by delayed onset of action, persistent adverse effects, and restricted therapeutic efficacy. In light of these limitations, the therapeutic approach of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained increasing recognition for its superior effectiveness. Numerous pharmacological and clinical studies have substantiated TCM's capacity to mitigate depressive symptoms through diverse mechanisms. This article attempts to summarize the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of depression and to describe the characteristics of herbal medicines (including compounded formulas and active ingredients) for the treatment of depression. It further evaluates their effectiveness by correlating with the multifaceted pathogenesis of depression, thereby furnishing a reference for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Medicine, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfa Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jilin Province Faw General Hospital, Changchun, China
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5
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Fayyaz A, Ejaz SA, Alsfouk BA, Ejaz SR. Investigation of 3-Phenylcoumarin Derivatives as Potential Multi-target Inhibitors for Human Cholinesterases and Monoamine oxidases: A Computational Approach. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04996-2. [PMID: 38874841 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the predominant etiology of dementia, impacting a global population of approximately 50 million individuals. In the field of medicinal chemistry, there have been notable advancements in the utilization of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors for the purpose of addressing the neurotransmitter shortage associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). A selection of previously synthesized 3-Phenylcoumarin derivatives (5a-m) were selected for examination in the pursuit of potential multi-targeting inhibitors of MAO-A, MAO-B, AChE, and BChE. The stability and reactivity of the compounds were investigated through the utilization of density functional theory (DFT) simulations. Subsequently, a CoMFA technique, grounded in 3D-QSAR principles, was employed to construct a model and predict the inhibitory properties of analogues belonging to the class of 3-phenylcoumarin derivatives. Through the application of molecular docking methodologies, we have employed predictive analyses to determine the potential binding interactions and stability of the drugs under investigation. The results obtained from the present investigation indicate that the 3-phenylcoumarin derivatives possess a reactive electronic characteristic that is crucial for their anti-cholinesterase activity. Compound 5a demonstrated a noteworthy binding score with AChE, BChE, MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively, indicating a robust binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Fayyaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Bshra A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syeda Rabia Ejaz
- Department of Physics, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
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6
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Baweja GS, Gupta S, Kumar B, Patel P, Asati V. Recent updates on structural insights of MAO-B inhibitors: a review on target-based approach. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1823-1845. [PMID: 36977955 PMCID: PMC10047469 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by slow movement, tremors, and stiffness caused due to loss of dopaminergic neurons caused in the brain's substantia nigra. The concentration of dopamine is decreased in the brain. Parkinson's disease may be happened because of various genetic and environmental factors. Parkinson's disease is related to the irregular expression of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme, precisely type B, which causes the oxidative deamination of biogenic amines such as dopamine. MAO-B inhibitors, available currently in the market, carry various adverse effects such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, fainting, etc. So, there is an urgent need to develop new MAO-B inhibitors with minimum side effects. In this review, we have included recently studied compounds (2018 onwards). Agrawal et al. reported MAO-B inhibitors with IC50 0.0051 µM and showed good binding affinity. Enriquez et al. reported a compound with IC50 144 nM and bind with some critical amino acid residue Tyr60, Ile198, and Ile199. This article also describes the structure-activity relationship of the compounds and clinical trial studies of related derivatives. These compounds may be used as lead compounds to develop potent compounds as MAO-B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkaran Singh Baweja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shankar Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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7
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Osmani̇ye D, Sağlik BN, Levent S, Çevi̇k UACAR, Ilgin S, Yurttaş L, Özkay Y, Karaburun AC, Kaplancikli ZA, Gundogdu-Karaburun N. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Effect Studies of Novel Benzofuran-Thiazolylhydrazone Derivatives as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11388-11397. [PMID: 38496951 PMCID: PMC10938434 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent studies, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory effects of various thiazolylhydrazone derivatives have been demonstrated. Within the scope of this study, 12 new compounds containing thiazolylhydrazone groups were synthesized. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods. The inhibitory effects of the final compounds on MAO enzymes were investigated by means of in vitro methods. In addition to enzyme inhibition studies, enzyme kinetic studies of compounds with high inhibitory activity were examined, and their effects on substrate-enzyme relations were investigated. Additionaly, cytotoxicity tests were carried out to determine the toxicities of the selected compounds, and the compounds were found to be nontoxic. The interactions of the active compound with the active site of the enzyme were characterized by in silico methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Osmani̇ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty
of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlik
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty
of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty
of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ulviye ACAR Çevi̇k
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty
of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Ilgin
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty
of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cagri Karaburun
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancikli
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Nalan Gundogdu-Karaburun
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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8
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Huang ST, Luo JC, Zhong GH, Teng LP, Yang CY, Tang CL, Jing L, Zhou ZB, Liu J, Jiang N. In vitro and in vivo Biological Evaluation of Newly Tacrine-Selegiline Hybrids as Multi-Target Inhibitors of Cholinesterases and Monoamine Oxidases for Alzheimer's Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:133-159. [PMID: 38283137 PMCID: PMC10822116 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s432170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and its multifactorial nature increases the difficulty of medical research. To explore an effective treatment for AD, a series of novel tacrine-selegiline hybrids with ChEs and MAOs inhibitory activities were designed and synthesized as multifunctional drugs. Methods All designed compounds were evaluated in vitro for their inhibition of cholinesterases (AChE/BuChE) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A/B) along with their blood-brain barrier permeability. Then, further biological activities of the optimizing compound 7d were determined, including molecular model analysis, in vitro cytotoxicity, acute toxicity studies in vivo, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic property studies in vivo. Results Most synthesized compounds demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against ChEs/MAOs. Particularly, compound 7d exhibited good and well-balanced activity against ChEs (hAChE: IC50 = 1.57 μM, hBuChE: IC50 = 0.43 μM) and MAOs (hMAO-A: IC50 = 2.30 μM, hMAO-B: IC50 = 4.75 μM). Molecular modeling analysis demonstrated that 7d could interact simultaneously with both the catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE in a mixed-type manner and also exhibits binding affinity towards BuChE and MAO-B. Additionally, 7d displayed excellent permeability of the blood-brain barrier, and under the experimental conditions, it elicited low or no toxicity toward PC12 and BV-2 cells. Furthermore, 7d was not acutely toxic in mice at doses up to 2500 mg/kg and could improve the cognitive function of mice with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Lastly, 7d possessed well pharmacokinetic characteristics. Conclusion In light of these results, it is clear that 7d could potentially serve as a promising multi-functional drug for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Tong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Chong Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hui Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Teng
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai-Yan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Li Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Bo Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Neng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Costello H, Husain M, Roiser JP. Apathy and Motivation: Biological Basis and Drug Treatment. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:313-338. [PMID: 37585659 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022423-014645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Apathy is a disabling syndrome associated with poor functional outcomes that is common across a broad range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Currently, there are no established therapies specifically for the condition, and safe and effective treatments are urgently needed. Advances in the understanding of motivation and goal-directed behavior in humans and animals have shed light on the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms contributing to apathy, providing an important foundation for the development of new treatments. Here, we review the cognitive components, neural circuitry, and pharmacology of apathy and motivation, highlighting converging evidence of shared transdiagnostic mechanisms. Though no pharmacological treatments have yet been licensed, we summarize trials of existing and novel compounds to date, identifying several promising candidates for clinical use and avenues of future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Costello
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Masud Husain
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom;
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10
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Kumar S, Oh JM, Prabhakaran P, Awasti A, Kim H, Mathew B. Isatin-tethered halogen-containing acylhydrazone derivatives as monoamine oxidase inhibitor with neuroprotective effect. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1264. [PMID: 38218887 PMCID: PMC10787790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Sixteen isatin-based hydrazone derivatives (IS1-IS16) were synthesized and assessed for their ability to inhibit monoamine oxidases (MAOs). All the molecules showed improved inhibitory MAO-B activity compared to MAO-A. Compound IS7 most potently inhibited MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.082 μM, followed by IS13 and IS6 (IC50 = 0.104 and 0.124 μM, respectively). Compound IS15 most potently inhibited MAO-A with an IC50 value of 1.852 μM, followed by IS3 (IC50 = 2.385 μM). Compound IS6 had the highest selectivity index (SI) value of 263.80, followed by IS7 and IS13 (233.85 and 212.57, respectively). In the kinetic study, the Ki values of IS6, IS7, and IS13 for MAO-B were 0.068 ± 0.022, 0.044 ± 0.002, and 0.061 ± 0.001 μM, respectively, and that of IS15 for MAO-A was 1.004 ± 0.171 μM, and the compounds were reversible-type inhibitors. The lead compounds were central nervous system (CNS) permeable, as per parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) test results. The lead compounds were examined for their cytotoxicity and potential neuroprotective benefits in hazardous lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Pre-treatment with lead compounds enhanced anti-oxidant levels (SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx) and decreased ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-alpha, and NF-kB) production in LPS-intoxicated SH-SY5Y cells. To confirm the promising effects of the compound, molecular docking, dynamics, and MM-GBSA binding energy were used to examine the molecular basis of the IS7-MAO-B interaction. Our findings indicate that lead compounds are potential therapeutic agents to treat neurological illnesses, such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Prabitha Prabhakaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Abhimanyu Awasti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682041, India.
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11
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Mi P, Tan Y, Ye S, Lang JJ, Lv Y, Jiang J, Chen L, Luo J, Lin Y, Yuan Z, Zheng X, Lin YW. Discovery of C-3 isoxazole substituted thiochromone S,S-dioxide derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors for monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115956. [PMID: 37992521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Developing new scaffolds for highly potent and selective inhibitors of human Monoamine Oxidase B (hMAO-B) is a crucial objective in enhancing the efficacy and safety in the clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we have identified a series of C-3 isoxazole-substituted thiochromone S,S-dioxide derivatives that exhibit strong inhibitory activity against hMAO-B. The strategy of oxidizing thiochromone to thiochromone S,S-dioxide solves the key defect of extreme insolubility observed for thiochromone analogues. In addition, the sulfone group contributes extra hydrogen(H)-bonding interactions with Tyr435, which significantly increases the activity of thiochromone S,S-dioxide derivatives against hMAO-B. Furthermore, the presence of isoxazole group provides potential H-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction with the residue of Tyr326, while the rigid aryl ring introduces a potential steric conflict with Phe208 of hMAO-A to improve both potency and selectivity. In our investigations, several compounds (9c, 10c, 10e, 10g, 10l and 10m) demonstrate remarkable single-digit nanomolar potency. These compounds exhibit favorable cytotoxicity profiles in both differentiated SH-SY5Y and HVSMC cells, without apparent cardiotoxic effects. Moreover, compounds 10e and 10h do not lead to an increase in ROS levels in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, further demonstrating their potential as safe and effective hMAO-B inhibitors. These findings indicate that the C-3 isoxazole substituted thiochromone S,S-dioxide analogues are potential leading compounds for the development of selective inhibitors with high potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbing Mi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Shiying Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jia-Jia Lang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - You Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Jinhuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jianxiong Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhonghua Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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12
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Yang C, Wang X, Gao C, Liu Y, Ma Z, Zang J, Wang H, Liu L, Liu Y, Sun H, Wang W. Molecular Mechanism and Structure-activity Relationship of the Inhibition Effect between Monoamine Oxidase and Selegiline Analogues. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:474-485. [PMID: 37138424 DOI: 10.2174/1573409919666230503143055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the inhibition properties and structure-activity relationship between monoamine oxidase (MAO) and selected monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs, including selegiline, rasagiline and clorgiline). METHODS The inhibition effect and molecular mechanism between MAO and MAOIs were identified via the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and molecular docking technology. RESULTS It was indicated that selegiline and rasagiline were MAO B inhibitors, but clorgiline was MAO-A inhibitor based on the selectivity index (SI) of MAOIs (0.000264, 0.0197 and 14607.143 for selegiline, rasagiline and clorgiline, respectively). The high-frequency amino acid residues of the MAOIs and MAO were Ser24, Arg51, Tyr69 and Tyr407 for MAO-A and Arg42 and Tyr435 for MAO B. The MAOIs and MAO A/B pharmacophores included the aromatic core, hydrogen bond acceptor, hydrogen bond donor-acceptor and hydrophobic core. CONCLUSION This study shows the inhibition effect and molecular mechanism between MAO and MAOIs and provides valuable findings on the design and treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Qingdao Jiaming Measurement and Control Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Yunxiang Liu
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Yuncheng County Environmental Protection Bureau, Heze, Shandong, 274700, China
| | - Ziyi Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Jinqiu Zang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Haoce Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Yonglin Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Haofen Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
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13
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Zou D, Liu R, Lv Y, Guo J, Zhang C, Xie Y. Latest advances in dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B against Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2270781. [PMID: 37955252 PMCID: PMC10653629 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2270781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disease characterised by progressive memory loss and cognition impairment, ultimately leading to death. There are three FDA-approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, AChEIs) for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) has been considered to contribute to pathologies of AD. Therefore, we reviewed the dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and MAO-B developed in the last five years. In this review, these dual-target inhibitors were classified into six groups according to the basic parent structure, including chalcone, coumarin, chromone, benzo-fused five-membered ring, imine and hydrazine, and other scaffolds. Their design strategies, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and molecular docking studies with AChE and MAO-B were analysed and discussed, giving valuable insights for the subsequent development of AChE and MAO-B dual inhibitors. Challenges in the development of balanced and potent AChE and MAO-B dual inhibitors were noted, and corresponding solutions were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renzheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Hu Z, Zhou S, Li J, Li X, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Xu J, Liu J. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel indanones derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase/monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1823-1841. [PMID: 37902028 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Based on a multitarget design strategy, a series of novel indanone-1-benzyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin hybrids were identified for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Results: These compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and moderate inhibitory activities toward monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). The optimal compound A1 possessed excellent dual AChE/MAO-B inhibition both in terms of potency (AChE: IC50 = 0.054 ± 0.004 μM; MAO-B: IC50 = 3.25 ± 0.20 μM), moderate inhibitory effects on self-mediated amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and antioxidant activity. In addition, compound A1 exhibited low neurotoxicity. More importantly, compound A1 showed significant cognitive and spatial memory improvements in the scopolamine-induced AD mouse model. Conclusion: All results suggest that compound A1 may become a promising lead of anti-AD drug for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Hu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Junda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
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15
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Sun Y, Liu W, Luo B. Virus infection participates in the occurrence and development of human diseases through monoamine oxidase. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2465. [PMID: 37294534 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a membrane-bound mitochondrial enzyme that maintains the steady state of neurotransmitters and other biogenic amines in biological systems through catalytic oxidation and deamination. MAO dysfunction is closely related to human neurological and psychiatric diseases and cancers. However, little is known about the relationship between MAO and viral infections in humans. This review summarises current research on how viral infections participate in the occurrence and development of human diseases through MAO. The viruses discussed in this review include hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human papillomavirus. This review also describes the effects of MAO inhibitors such as phenelzine, clorgyline, selegiline, M-30, and isatin on viral infectious diseases. This information will not only help us to better understand the role of MAO in the pathogenesis of viruses but will also provide new insights into the treatment and diagnosis of these viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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16
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Załuski M, Karcz T, Drabczyńska A, Vielmuth C, Olejarz-Maciej A, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Siwek A, Satała G, Müller CE, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Xanthine-Dopamine Hybrid Molecules as Multitarget Drugs with Potential for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1079. [PMID: 37509114 PMCID: PMC10377586 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multitarget drugs based on a hybrid dopamine-xanthine core were designed as potential drug candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors with significant ancillary A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) antagonistic properties were further developed to exhibit additional phosphodiesterase-4 and -10 (PDE4/10) inhibition and/or dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonistic activity. While all of the designed compounds showed MAO-B inhibition in the nanomolar range mostly combined with submicromolar A2AAR affinity, significant enhancement of PDE-inhibitory and D2R-agonistic activity was additionally reached for some compounds through various structural modifications. The final multitarget drugs also showed promising antioxidant properties in vitro. In order to evaluate their potential neuroprotective effect, representative ligands were tested in a cellular model of toxin-induced neurotoxicity. As a result, protective effects against oxidative stress in neuroblastoma cells were observed, confirming the utility of the applied strategy. Further evaluation of the newly developed multitarget ligands in preclinical models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Załuski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Drabczyńska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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17
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Pacureanu L, Bora A, Crisan L. New Insights on the Activity and Selectivity of MAO-B Inhibitors through In Silico Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119583. [PMID: 37298535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To facilitate the identification of novel MAO-B inhibitors, we elaborated a consolidated computational approach, including a pharmacophoric atom-based 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model, activity cliffs, fingerprint, and molecular docking analysis on a dataset of 126 molecules. An AAHR.2 hypothesis with two hydrogen bond acceptors (A), one hydrophobic (H), and one aromatic ring (R) supplied a statistically significant 3D QSAR model reflected by the parameters: R2 = 0.900 (training set); Q2 = 0.774 and Pearson's R = 0.884 (test set), stability s = 0.736. Hydrophobic and electron-withdrawing fields portrayed the relationships between structural characteristics and inhibitory activity. The quinolin-2-one scaffold has a key role in selectivity towards MAO-B with an AUC of 0.962, as retrieved by ECFP4 analysis. Two activity cliffs showing meaningful potency variation in the MAO-B chemical space were observed. The docking study revealed interactions with crucial residues TYR:435, TYR:326, CYS:172, and GLN:206 responsible for MAO-B activity. Molecular docking is in consensus with and complementary to pharmacophoric 3D QSAR, ECFP4, and MM-GBSA analysis. The computational scenario provided here will assist chemists in quickly designing and predicting new potent and selective candidates as MAO-B inhibitors for MAO-B-driven diseases. This approach can also be used to identify MAO-B inhibitors from other libraries or screen top molecules for other targets involved in suitable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Pacureanu
- "Coriolan Dragulescu" Institute of Chemistry, 24 Mihai Viteazu Ave., 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Bora
- "Coriolan Dragulescu" Institute of Chemistry, 24 Mihai Viteazu Ave., 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Luminita Crisan
- "Coriolan Dragulescu" Institute of Chemistry, 24 Mihai Viteazu Ave., 300223 Timisoara, Romania
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18
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Raval NR, Wetherill RR, Wiers CE, Dubroff JG, Hillmer AT. Positron Emission Tomography of Neuroimmune Responses in Humans: Insights and Intricacies. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:213-229. [PMID: 36270830 PMCID: PMC11261531 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The brain's immune system plays a critical role in responding to immune challenges and maintaining homeostasis. However, dysregulated neuroimmune function contributes to neurodegenerative disease and neuropsychiatric conditions. In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the neuroimmune system has facilitated a greater understanding of its physiology and the pathology of some neuropsychiatric conditions. This review presents an in-depth look at PET findings from human neuroimmune function studies, highlighting their importance in current neuropsychiatric research. Although the majority of human PET studies feature radiotracers targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), this review also considers studies with other neuroimmune targets, including monoamine oxidase B, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and the purinergic P2X7 receptor. Promising new targets, such as colony-stimulating factor 1, Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, and the purinergic P2Y12 receptor, are also discussed. The significance of validating neuroimmune targets and understanding their function and expression is emphasized in this review to better identify and interpret PET results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul R Raval
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Reagan R Wetherill
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacob G Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
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19
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Jia H, Wang H, Deng M, Liu Y, Zhao X, Xiu X, Li Z, Yang H, Cheng M. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of N-methyl-propargylamine derivates as isoform-selective monoamine oxidases inhibitors for the treatment of nervous system diseases. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106441. [PMID: 36854233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of N-methyl-propargylamine derivates were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as isoform-selective monoamine oxidases (MAO) inhibitors for the treatment of nervous system diseases. The in vitro studies showed some of the compounds exhibited considerable MAO-A selective inhibitory activity (IC50 of 14.86-17.16 nM), while some of the others exhibited great MAO-B selective inhibitory activity (IC50 of 4.37-17.00 nM). Further studies revealed that compounds A2 (IC50 against MAO-A: 17.16 ± 1.17 nM) and A5 (IC50 against MAO-B: 17.00 ± 1.10 nM) had significant abilities to protect PC12 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The parallel artificial membrane permeability assay showed A2 and A5 would be potent to cross the blood-brain barrier. The results indicated that A2 showed potential use in the therapy of MAO-A related diseases, such as depression and anxiety; while A5 exhibited promising ability in the treatment of MAO-B related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongwei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Minghui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xueqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenli Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China.
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20
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Role of the Intestinal Microbiota in the Genesis of Major Depression and the Response to Antidepressant Drug Therapy: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020550. [PMID: 36831086 PMCID: PMC9953611 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A major depressive disorder is a serious mental illness characterized by a pervasive low mood that negatively concerns personal life, work life, or education, affecting millions of people worldwide. To date, due to the complexity of the disease, the most common and effective treatments consist of a multi-therapy approach, including psychological, social, and pharmacological support with antidepressant drugs. In general, antidepressants are effective in correcting chemical imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain, but recent evidence has underlined the pivotal role of gut microbiota (GM) also in the regulation of their pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, through indirect or direct mechanisms. The study of these complex interactions between GM and drugs is currently under the spotlight, and it has been recently named "pharmacomicrobiomics". Hence, the purpose of this review is to summarize the contribution of GM and its metabolites in depression, as well as their role in the metabolism and activity of antidepressant drugs, in order to pave the way for the personalized administration of antidepressant therapies.
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21
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Mettai M, Daoud I, Mesli F, Kenouche S, Melkemi N, Kherachi R, Belkadi A. Molecular docking/dynamics simulations, MEP analysis, bioisosteric replacement and ADME/T prediction for identification of dual targets inhibitors of Parkinson's disease with novel scaffold. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 11:3. [PMID: 36687301 PMCID: PMC9852416 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B and Adenosine A2A receptors are used as key targets for Parkinson's disease. Recently, hMAO-B and hA2AR Dual-targets inhibitory potential of a novel series of Phenylxanthine derivatives has been established in experimental findings. Hence, the current study examines the interactions between 38 compounds of this series with hMAO-B and hA2AR targets using different molecular modeling techniques to investigate the binding mode and stability of the formed complexes. A molecular docking study revealed that the compounds L24 ((E)-3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-N-(4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-yl) phenyl) acrylamide and L32 ((E)-3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-N-(3-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-yl)phenyl)acrylamide) had a high affinity (S-score: -10.160 and -7.344 kcal/mol) with the pocket of hMAO-B and hA2AR targets respectively, and the stability of the studied complexes was confirmed during MD simulations. Also, the MEP maps of compounds 24 and 32 were used to identify the nucleophilic and electrophilic attack regions. Moreover, the bioisosteric replacement approach was successfully applied to design two new analogs of each compound with similar biological activities and low energy scores. Furthermore, ADME-T and Drug-likeness results revealed the promising pharmacokinetic properties and oral bioavailability of these compounds. Thus, compounds L24, L32, and their analogs can undergo further analysis and optimization in order to design new lead compounds with higher efficacy toward Parkinson's disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-023-00139-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merzaka Mettai
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Ismail Daoud
- Department of Matter Sciences, University Mohamed Khider, BP 145 RP, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
- Laboratory of Natural and Bio-actives Substances, Faculty of Science, Tlemcen University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Mesli
- Laboratory of Natural and Bio-actives Substances, Faculty of Science, Tlemcen University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Samir Kenouche
- Group of Modeling of Chemical Systems using Quantum Calculations, Applied Chemistry Laboratory, University of Mohamed Khider, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Nadjib Melkemi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Rania Kherachi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Ahlem Belkadi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
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22
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De Deurwaerdère P, Samb N, El Boukhari H, Corne R, Chagraoui A, Di Giovanni G. In Vivo Study of Monoamine Oxidases Using Multisite Intracerebral Microdialysis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2558:183-195. [PMID: 36169864 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The activity of monoamine oxidases (MAOs) in the brain is often associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The study of MAOs in vivo or ex vivo is generally performed using MAO inhibitors and rarely using substrates. We present a pharmacological approach using intracerebral microdialysis to study the activity of MAO in the striatum and the prefrontal cortex of rats. It consists of applying ascending concentrations of 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) as a substrate via the probes and measuring the indirect product homovanillic acid generated by MAO activity. We present herein the methodologies comprising our in-house stereotaxic procedures in rats, the microdialysis perfusion system and the substrate application, and the neurochemical analysis of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Nouhad Samb
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Hasna El Boukhari
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Rémi Corne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Rouen, France
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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23
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Li Q, Ma Z, Qin S, Zhao WJ. Virtual Screening-Based Drug Development for the Treatment of Nervous System Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2447-2464. [PMID: 36043797 PMCID: PMC10616913 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220830105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of nervous system diseases has increased in recent years. Nerve injury or neurodegenerative diseases usually cause neuronal loss and neuronal circuit damage, which seriously affect motor nerve and autonomic nervous function. Therefore, safe and effective treatment is needed. As traditional drug research becomes slower and more expensive, it is vital to enlist the help of cutting- edge technology. Virtual screening (VS) is an attractive option for the identification and development of promising new compounds with high efficiency and low cost. With the assistance of computer- aided drug design (CADD), VS is becoming more and more popular in new drug development and research. In recent years, it has become a reality to transform non-neuronal cells into functional neurons through small molecular compounds, which provides a broader application prospect than transcription factor-mediated neuronal reprogramming. This review mainly summarizes related theory and technology of VS and the drug research and development using VS technology in nervous system diseases in recent years, and focuses more on the potential application of VS technology in neuronal reprogramming, thus facilitating new drug design for both prevention and treatment of nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhaobin Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jiang Zhao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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24
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Edinoff AN, Swinford CR, Odisho AS, Burroughs CR, Stark CW, Raslan WA, Cornett EM, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Clinically Relevant Drug Interactions with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Health Psychol Res 2022; 10:39576. [PMID: 36425231 PMCID: PMC9680847 DOI: 10.52965/001c.39576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) are a class of drugs that were originally developed for the treatment of depression but have since been expanded to be used in management of affective and neurological disorders, as well as stroke and aging-related neurocognitive changes. Ranging from irreversible to reversible and selective to non-selective, these drugs target the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme and prevent the oxidative deamination of various monoamines and catecholamines such as serotonin and dopamine, respectively. Tyramine is a potent releaser of norepinephrine (NE) and is found in high concentrations in foods such as aged cheeses and meats. Under normal conditions, NE is unable to accumulate to toxic levels due to the presence of MAO-A, an enzyme that degrades neurotransmitters, including NE. When MAO-A is inhibited, the capacity to handle tyramine intake from the diet is significantly reduced causing the brain to be vulnerable to overstimulation of postsynaptic adrenergic receptors with as little as 8-10 mg of tyramine ingested and can result in life-threatening blood pressure elevations. In addition to adverse reactions with certain foods, both older and newer MAOIs can negatively interact with both sympathomimetic and serotonergic drugs. In general, patients on a MAOI want to avoid two types of medications: those that can elevate blood pressure via sympathomimetic actions (e.g., phenylephrine and oxymetazoline) and those that can increase serotonin levels via 5-HT reuptake inhibition (e.g., dextromethorphan, chlorpheniramine, and brompheniramine). Illicit drugs that stimulate the central nervous system such as ecstasy (MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) act as serotonin releasers. Patient involvement is also crucial to ensure any interaction within the healthcare setting includes making other providers aware of a MAOI prescription as well as avoiding certain OTC medications that can interact adversely with MAOIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Edinoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Connor R Swinford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | - Amira S Odisho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | | | - Cain W Stark
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | | | - Elyse M Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | - Adam M Kaye
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
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25
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Bhawna, Kumar A, Bhatia M, Kapoor A, Kumar P, Kumar S. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: A concise review with special emphasis on structure activity relationship studies. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114655. [PMID: 36037788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase enzyme is necessary for the management of brain functions. It oxidatively metabolizes monoamines and produces ammonia, aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide as by-products. Excessive production of by-products of monoamine metabolism generates free radicals which cause cellular apoptosis and several neurodegenerative disorders for example Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression and autism. The inhibition of MAOs is an attractive target for the treatment of neurological disorders. Clinically approved MAO inhibitors for example selegiline, rasagiline, clorgyline, pargyline etc. are irreversible in nature and cause some adverse effects while recently studied reversible MAO inhibitors are devoid of harmful effects of old monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In this review article we have listed various synthesized molecules containing different moieties like coumarin, chalcone, thiazole, thiourea, caffeine, pyrazole, chromone etc. along with their activity, mode of action, structure activity relationship and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Archana Kapoor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
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26
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Rendić SP, Crouch RD, Guengerich FP. Roles of selected non-P450 human oxidoreductase enzymes in protective and toxic effects of chemicals: review and compilation of reactions. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2145-2246. [PMID: 35648190 PMCID: PMC9159052 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This is an overview of the metabolic reactions of drugs, natural products, physiological compounds, and other (general) chemicals catalyzed by flavin monooxygenase (FMO), monoamine oxidase (MAO), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), and molybdenum hydroxylase enzymes (aldehyde oxidase (AOX) and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)), including roles as substrates, inducers, and inhibitors of the enzymes. The metabolism and bioactivation of selected examples of each group (i.e., drugs, "general chemicals," natural products, and physiological compounds) are discussed. We identified a higher fraction of bioactivation reactions for FMO enzymes compared to other enzymes, predominately involving drugs and general chemicals. With MAO enzymes, physiological compounds predominate as substrates, and some products lead to unwanted side effects or illness. AOX and XOR enzymes are molybdenum hydroxylases that catalyze the oxidation of various heteroaromatic rings and aldehydes and the reduction of a number of different functional groups. While neither of these two enzymes contributes substantially to the metabolism of currently marketed drugs, AOX has become a frequently encountered route of metabolism among drug discovery programs in the past 10-15 years. XOR has even less of a role in the metabolism of clinical drugs and preclinical drug candidates than AOX, likely due to narrower substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel D Crouch
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
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27
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The evaluation of N-propargylamine-2-aminotetralin as an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 67:128746. [PMID: 35447344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors are established therapy for Parkinson's disease and act, in part, by blocking the MAO-catalysed metabolism of dopamine in the brain. Two propargylamine-containing MAO-B inhibitors, selegiline [(R)-deprenyl] and rasagiline, are currently used in the clinic for this purpose. These compounds are mechanism-based inactivators and, after oxidative activation, form covalent adducts with the FAD co-factor. An important consideration is that selegiline and rasagiline display specificity for MAO-B over the MAO-A isoform thus reducing the risk of tyramine-induced changes in blood-pressure. In the interest of discovering new propargylamine MAO inhibitors, the present study synthesises racemic N-propargylamine-2-aminotetralin (2-PAT), a compound that may be considered as both a six-membered ring analogue of rasagiline and a semi-rigid N-desmethyl ring-closed analogue of selegiline. The in vitro human MAO inhibition properties of this compound were measured and the results showed that 2-PAT is a 20-fold more potent inhibitor of MAO-A (IC50 = 0.721 µM) compared to MAO-B (IC50 = 14.6 µM). Interestingly, dialysis studies found that 2-PAT is a reversible MAO-A inhibitor, while acting as an inactivator of MAO-B. Since reversible MAO-A inhibitors are much less liable to potentiate tyramine-induced side effects than MAO-A inactivators, it is reasonable to suggest that 2-PAT could be a useful and safe therapeutic agent for disorders such as Parkinson's disease and depression.
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28
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Sublethal hepatotoxic effects and biotransformation response in the freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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29
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Biological Potential, Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Bioavailability of Algae-Derived Compounds with Neuroprotective Activity: A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060362. [PMID: 35736165 PMCID: PMC9227170 DOI: 10.3390/md20060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no known cure for neurodegenerative disease. However, the available therapies aim to manage some of the symptoms of the disease. Human neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by progressive loss of neuronal cells and nervous system dysfunction related to several mechanisms such as protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmission dysfunction. Neuroprotective compounds are essential in the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the neurodegeneration mechanisms and the compounds (proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polysaccharides, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, phenolic compounds, among others) present in seaweeds that have shown in vivo and in vitro neuroprotective activity. Additionally, it will cover the recent findings on the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds from macroalgae, with a focus on their biological potential and possible mechanism of action, including microbiota modulation. Furthermore, gastrointestinal digestion, absorption, and bioavailability will be discussed. Moreover, the clinical trials using seaweed-based drugs or extracts to treat neurodegenerative disorders will be presented, showing the real potential and limitations that a specific metabolite or extract may have as a new therapeutic agent considering the recent approval of a seaweed-based drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
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30
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel MAO-A Inhibitors Targeting Lung Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092887. [PMID: 35566238 PMCID: PMC9103226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Monoamine Oxidase-A (MAO-A) enzyme mediates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger DNA damage and oxidative injury of cells resulting in tumor initiation and progression. Available MAO-A inhibitors are used as antidepressants, however, their role as anticancer agents is still under investigation. Ligand- and structure-based drug design approaches guided the discovery and development of novel MAO-A inhibitors. A series of 1H indole-2-carboxamide derivatives was prepared and characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and IR. The antiproliferative effects of MAO-A inhibitors were evaluated using the cell viability assay (MTT), and MAO-A activity was evaluated using MAO-A activity assay. The presumed inhibitors significantly inhibited the growth of lung cell lines in a dose- and time dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of MAO-A inhibitors (S1, S2, S4, S7, and S10) were 33.37, 146.1, 208.99, 307.7, and 147.2 µM, respectively, in A549. Glide docking against MAO-A showed that the derivatives accommodate MAO-A binding cleft and engage with key binding residues. MAO-A inhibitors provide significant and consistent evidence on MAO-A activity in lung cancer and present a potential target for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents.
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López V, Cásedas G, Petersen-Ross K, Powrie Y, Smith C. Neuroprotective and anxiolytic potential of green rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis) polyphenolic extract. Food Funct 2022; 13:91-101. [PMID: 34877951 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
South African rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) tea is globally consumed for its health benefits and caffeine free nature, but no information is available on the neuroprotective capacity of (unfermented) green rooibos. Our aim was to investigate the cytoprotective activity of green rooibos in neuronal cells, including probing antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties that could explain observed effects in these cells. We also investigated the anxiolytic potential of green rooibos using zebrafish larval models. Green rooibos extract (Green oxithin™) was assessed for its neuroprotective potential in Neuro-2a cells treated with different concentrations of the extract (12.5-25-50-100 μg mL-1) and different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (250 or 125 μM) as oxidizing agent. Cell viability (MTT) and redox status (intracellular ROS) were also quantified in these cells. Antioxidant properties of the extract were quantified using cell-free systems (DPPH, ORAC and xanthine/xanthine oxidase), and potential neuroprotection evaluated in terms of its potential to inhibit key enzymes of the CNS (monoamine oxidase A (MOA-A), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and tyrosinase (TYR)). Results demonstrated that green rooibos extract exerted significant cytoprotective properties in Neuro-2a cells, particularly when exposed to lethal 250 μM hydrogen peroxide, increasing cell survival by more than 100%. This may be ascribed (at least partially) to its capacity to limit intracellular ROS accumulation in these cells. Data from cell-free systems confirmed that green rooibos was able to scavenge free radicals (synthetic and physiological) in a dose dependent manner with a similar profile activity to vitamins C and E. Green rooibos also acted as a moderate MAO-A inhibitor, but had no significant effect on AChE or TYR. Finally, zebrafish larvae treated with lower doses of green rooibos demonstrated a significant anxiolytic effect in the light-dark anxiety model. Using the PTZ excitotoxicity model, green rooibos was shown to rescue GABA receptor signalling, which together with its demonstrated inhibition of MAO-A, may account for the anxiolytic outcome. Current data confirms that green rooibos could be considered a "functional brain food" and may be a good option as starting ingredient in the development of new nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cásedas
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kelly Petersen-Ross
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - Yigael Powrie
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - Carine Smith
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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Gupta DS, Bagwe Parab S, Kaur G. Promising effects of emoxypine and its succinate derivative in the management of various diseases-with insights on recent patent applications. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100121. [PMID: 35992374 PMCID: PMC9389226 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Emoxypine and its succinate derivative share a common hydroxypridine structure, which is similar to pyridoxine. These compounds have been utilized therapeutically and industrially, owing to the wide range of properties offered. This includes antihypoxic, neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, along with pharmacokinetic benefits such as the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), owing to its relatively small size and low molecular weight. It was observed that emoxypine exhibited iron chelating property in vitro, indicating its usage as a promising therapeutic strategy in the management of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as hematologic disorders like thalassemia and hemochromatosis. In addition to this, it has been observed to exert a potent antioxidant effect, therefore, it may be considered for the amelioration of disorders resulting from free radical injury. Studies on its mechanism of action and implications on cellular and molecular levels would help to further the understanding of its benefits, as well as prospects for filing patents for novel applications. The primary focus of this review is to shed light on the broad spectrum of pharmacological properties offered by emoxypine and its succinate derivative, and to highlight the scope for an increased number of pre-clinical and clinical trials to assess its safety and efficacy. In addition to this, the highlights of this article include the recent patents filed and scope for novel applications of these agents. Therapeutic potentials of emoxypine and its succinate derivative, backed by evidence from preclinical and clinical trials. Possibilities of usage of these agents across various therapeutic areas. A comprehensive overview of the mechanism of action and molecular pathways acted upon. Insights into the recent patents filed, and prospective novel applications across different pharmacological domains. Challenges in drug delivery and future perspectives on potentially expanding the scope of usage.
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Elkamhawy A, Woo J, Gouda NA, Kim J, Nada H, Roh EJ, Park KD, Cho J, Lee K. Melatonin Analogues Potently Inhibit MAO-B and Protect PC12 Cells against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101604. [PMID: 34679739 PMCID: PMC8533333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) metabolizes dopamine and plays an important role in oxidative stress by altering the redox state of neuronal and glial cells. MAO-B inhibitors are a promising therapeutical approach for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Herein, 24 melatonin analogues (3a–x) were synthesized as novel MAO-B inhibitors with the potential to counteract oxidative stress in neuronal PC12 cells. Structure elucidation, characterization, and purity of the synthesized compounds were performed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS, and HPLC. At 10 µM, 12 compounds showed >50% MAO-B inhibition. Among them, compounds 3n, 3r, and 3u–w showed >70% inhibition of MAO-B and IC50 values of 1.41, 0.91, 1.20, 0.66, and 2.41 µM, respectively. When compared with the modest selectivity index of rasagiline (II, a well-known MAO-B inhibitor, SI > 50), compounds 3n, 3r, 3u, and 3v demonstrated better selectivity indices (SI > 71, 109, 83, and 151, respectively). Furthermore, compounds 3n and 3r exhibited safe neurotoxicity profiles in PC12 cells and reversed 6-OHDA- and rotenone-induced neuronal oxidative stress. Both compounds significantly up-regulated the expression of the anti-oxidant enzyme, heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Treatment with Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), a selective HO-1 inhibitor, abolished the neuroprotective effects of the tested compounds, suggesting a critical role of HO-1 up-regulation. Both compounds increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which is a key regulator of the antioxidative response. Taken together, these data show that compounds 3n and 3r could be further exploited for their multi-targeted role in oxidative stress-related PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jiyu Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
| | - Noha A. Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
| | - Jushin Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hossam Nada
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.D.P.); (J.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.D.P.); (J.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.D.P.); (J.C.); (K.L.)
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Aljanabi R, Alsous L, Sabbah DA, Gul HI, Gul M, Bardaweel SK. Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) as a Potential Target for Anticancer Drug Design and Development. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196019. [PMID: 34641563 PMCID: PMC8513016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are oxidative enzymes that catalyze the conversion of biogenic amines into their corresponding aldehydes and ketones through oxidative deamination. Owing to the crucial role of MAOs in maintaining functional levels of neurotransmitters, the implications of its distorted activity have been associated with numerous neurological diseases. Recently, an unanticipated role of MAOs in tumor progression and metastasis has been reported. The chemical inhibition of MAOs might be a valuable therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. In this review, we reported computational approaches exploited in the design and development of selective MAO inhibitors accompanied by their biological activities. Additionally, we generated a pharmacophore model for MAO-A active inhibitors to identify the structural motifs to invoke an activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Aljanabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Lina Alsous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Dima A. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan;
| | - Halise Inci Gul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Yakutiye 25030, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Gul
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Yakutiye 25030, Turkey;
| | - Sanaa K. Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-6535-5000 (ext. 23318)
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Elkamhawy A, Kim HJ, Elsherbeny MH, Paik S, Park JH, Gotina L, Abdellattif MH, Gouda NA, Cho J, Lee K, Nim Pae A, Park KD, Roh EJ. Discovery of 3,4-dichloro-N-(1H-indol-5-yl)benzamide: A highly potent, selective, and competitive hMAO-B inhibitor with high BBB permeability profile and neuroprotective action. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105352. [PMID: 34562673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Since there is no disease-modifying treatment discovered yet for Parkinson's disease (PD), there is still a vital need to develop novel selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors as promising therapeutically active candidates for PD patients. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and full characterization of new twenty-six indole derivatives as potential human MAO-B (hMAO-B) selective inhibitors. Six compounds (2i, 3b-e, and 5) exhibited low micromolar to nanomolar inhibitory activities over hMAO-B; compared to our recently reported N-substituted indole-based lead compound VIII (hMAO-B IC50 = 777 nM), compound 5 (3,4-dichloro-N-(1H-indol-5-yl)benzamide) exhibited 18-fold increase in potency (IC50 = 42 nM). A selectivity study over hMAO-A revealed an excellent selectivity index of compound 5 (SI > 2375) with a 47-fold increase compared to rasagiline (II, a well-known MAO-B inhibitor, SI > 50). A further kinetic evaluation of compound 5 over hMAO-B showed a reversible and competitive mode of inhibition with Ki value of 7 nM. Highly effective permeability and high CNS bioavailability of compound 5 with Pe = 54.49 × 10-6 cm/s were demonstrated. Compound 5 also exhibited a low cytotoxicity profile and a promising neuroprotective effect against the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell damage in PC12 cells, which was more effective than that of rasagiline. Docking simulations on both hMAO-B and hMAO-A supported the in vitro data and served as further molecular evidence. Accordingly, we report the discovery of compound 5 as one of the most potent indole-based MAO-B inhibitors to date which is noteworthy to be further evaluated as a promising agent for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed H Elsherbeny
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Sora Paik
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Lizaveta Gotina
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha A Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Quezada E, Rodríguez-Enríquez F, Laguna R, Cutrín E, Otero F, Uriarte E, Viña D. Curcumin-Coumarin Hybrid Analogues as Multitarget Agents in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154550. [PMID: 34361702 PMCID: PMC8348017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have a complex nature which highlights the need for multitarget ligands to address the complementary pathways involved in these diseases. Over the last decade, many innovative curcumin-based compounds have been designed and synthesized, searching for new derivatives having anti-amyloidogenic, inhibitory of tau formation, as well as anti-neuroinflammation, antioxidative, and AChE inhibitory activities. Regarding our experience studying 3-substituted coumarins with interesting properties for neurodegenerative diseases, our aim was to synthesize a new series of curcumin–coumarin hybrid analogues and evaluate their activity. Most of the 3-(7-phenyl-3,5-dioxohepta-1,6-dien-1-yl)coumarin derivatives 11–18 resulted in moderated inhibitors of hMAO isoforms and AChE and BuChE activity. Some of them are also capable of scavenger the free radical DPPH. Furthermore, compounds 14 and 16 showed neuroprotective activity against H2O2 in SH-SY5Y cell line. Nanoparticles formulation of these derivatives improved this property increasing the neuroprotective activity to the nanomolar range. Results suggest that by modulating the substitution pattern on both coumarin moiety and phenyl ring, ChE and MAO-targeted derivatives or derivatives with activity in cell-based phenotypic assays can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Quezada
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.Q.); (E.U.)
| | - Fernanda Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Disease (CIMUS), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.R.-E.); (R.L.)
| | - Reyes Laguna
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Disease (CIMUS), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.R.-E.); (R.L.)
| | - Elena Cutrín
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.C.); (F.O.)
| | - Francisco Otero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.C.); (F.O.)
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.Q.); (E.U.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Dolores Viña
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Disease (CIMUS), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.R.-E.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-881-815-424
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Besada P, Viña D, Costas T, Costas-Lago MC, Vila N, Torres-Terán I, Sturlese M, Moro S, Terán C. Pyridazinones containing dithiocarbamoyl moieties as a new class of selective MAO-B inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105203. [PMID: 34371375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of potential MAO-B inhibitors was designed and synthesized in good yield by combining the pyridazinone moiety with the dithiocarbamate framework, two relevant pharmacophores for drug discovery. The biological results obtained for the different pyridazinone/dithiocarbamate hybrids (compounds 8-14) indicated that most of them reversibly and selectively inhibit the hMAO-B in vitro with IC50 values in the µM range and exhibit not significant cellular toxicity. The analogues 9a1, 11a1, 12a2, 12b1 and 12b2, which present the dithiocarbamate fragment derivatized with a piperidin-1-yl or pyrrolidin-1-yl group and placed at C3 or C4 of the diazine ring, were the most attractive compounds of these series. Molecular modeling studies were performed to analyze the binding mode to the enzyme and the structure activity relationships of the titled compounds, as well as to predict their drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Besada
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Dolores Viña
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tamara Costas
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Carmen Costas-Lago
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Noemí Vila
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Iria Torres-Terán
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Carmen Terán
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain.
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Mzezewa SC, Omoruyi SI, Zondagh LS, Malan SF, Ekpo OE, Joubert J. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 3,7-substituted coumarin derivatives as multifunctional Alzheimer's disease agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1607-1621. [PMID: 34281458 PMCID: PMC8291583 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1913137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs) are emerging as promising treatment options for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Coumarin derivatives serve as a good starting point for designing MTDLs due to their inherent inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cholinesterase enzymes, which are complicit in AD's complex pathophysiology. A preliminary series of 3,7-substituted coumarin derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for enzyme inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity as well as neuroprotective ability. The results indicated that the compounds are weak cholinesterase inhibitors with five compounds demonstrating relatively potent inhibition and selectivity towards MAO-B with IC50 values between 0.014 and 0.498 hx00B5;µM. Significant neuroprotective effects towards MPP+-compromised SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were also observed, with no inherent cytotoxicity at 10 µM for all compounds. The overall results demonstrated that substitution of the phenylethyloxy moiety at the 7-position imparted superior general activity to the derivatives, with the propargylamine substitution at the 3-position, in particular, displaying the best MAO-B selectivity and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheunopa C Mzezewa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Sylvester I Omoruyi
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Luke S Zondagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Sarel F Malan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Okobi E Ekpo
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Jacques Joubert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Carraro Junior LR, Alves AG, Rech TDST, Campos Júnior JC, Siqueira GM, Cunico W, Brüning CA, Bortolatto CF. Three -(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyridin-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-one as a novel inhibitor of cerebral MAO-B activity with antioxidant properties and low toxicity potential. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22833. [PMID: 34047428 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Some brain diseases are associated with oxidative stress and altered monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and neuroprotective actions through MAO inhibition of 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyridine-2-ylimino) thiazolidin-4-one (PPIT, a synthetic molecule containing a thiazolidinone nucleus), as well as its effects on toxicity parameters in Swiss female mice. Five in vitro assays were carried out to verify the PPIT antioxidant capacity: protein carbonylation (PC), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), ferric ion (Fe3+ ) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. The results showed that PPIT reduced the level of PC in the homogenate of the brain. This compound did not demonstrate SOD mimetic activity, but it acted as a free radical scavenger (ABTS and DPPH) and exhibited reducing activity in the FRAP assay. In addition, the effects of PPIT on cerebral MAO activity (MAO-A and B isoforms) were investigated in vitro. Our data revealed inhibition of the MAO-B activity by PPIT with no effects on MAO-A. Lastly, an acute oral toxicity test was conducted in mice. No changes in food intake, body weight, and biochemical markers of kidney and liver damage were detected in mice treated with a high dose of PPIT (300 mg/kg). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPIT exhibits antioxidant activity and selectively inhibits the MAO-B isoform without causing apparent toxicity. These findings suggest PPIT as a potential therapeutic candidate to be tested in preclinical models of brain diseases involving perturbations of MAO-B activity and redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Roberto Carraro Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Amália Gonçalves Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Taís da Silva Teixeira Rech
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - José Coan Campos Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos (LaQuiABio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Geonir Machado Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos (LaQuiABio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Wilson Cunico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos (LaQuiABio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - César Augusto Brüning
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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Elkamhawy A, Paik S, Kim HJ, Park JH, Londhe AM, Lee K, Pae AN, Park KD, Roh EJ. Discovery of N-(1-(3-fluorobenzoyl)-1 H-indol-5-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide: a novel, selective, and competitive indole-based lead inhibitor for human monoamine oxidase B. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1568-1580. [PMID: 32752896 PMCID: PMC7470070 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1800666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, two new series of N-substituted indole-based analogues were rationally designed, synthesized via microwave heating technology, and evaluated as noteworthy MAO-B potential inhibitors. Compared to the reported indazole-based hits VI and VII, compounds 4b and 4e exhibited higher inhibitory activities over MAO-B with IC50 values of 1.65 and 0.78 µM, respectively. When compared to the modest selectivity index of rasagiline (II, a well-known MAO-B inhibitor, SI > 50), both 4b and 4e also showed better selectivity indices (SI > 60 and 120, respectively). A further kinetic evaluation of the most potent derivative (4e) displayed a competitive mode of inhibition (inhibition constant (Ki)/MAO-B = 94.52 nM). Reasonable explanations of the elicited biological activities were presented via SAR study and molecular docking simulation. Accordingly, the remarkable MAO-B inhibitory activity of 4e (N-(1-(3-fluorobenzoyl)-1H-indol-5-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide), with its selectivity and competitive inhibition, advocates its potential role as a promising lead worthy of further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sora Paik
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashwini M Londhe
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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41
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Thentu JB, Bhyrapuneni G, Padala NP, Chunduru P, Pantangi HR, Nirogi R. Evaluation of monoamine oxidase A and B type enzyme occupancy using non-radiolabelled tracers in rat brain. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105006. [PMID: 33636211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes, type A and B metabolise the amine neurotransmitters of the body. Selective inhibition of either enzyme is an approach for treating neurodegenerative and stress-induced disorders, and inhibition of an enzyme is proportional to the binding of the MAO inhibitor. Conventionally, the binding of test compounds to enzymes is assessed by radiolabelled ligands in ex vivo and in vivo occupancy assays. Regulatory restrictions and turnaround time are the limitations of the methods that use radiolabelled ligands. But the use of non-radiolabelled tracers and sensitive mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based assays accelerated the determination of target occupancy in pre-clinical species. A report on use of non-radiolabelled ligand in in vivo MAO occupancy assay is not available. The objectives of the present study were to optimise non-radiolabelled harmine and deprenyl as selective tracers in MAO-A and MAO-B occupancy assays and evaluate MAO occupancy of test compounds in rat brain. Tracer optimisation resulted in a detectable, stable, and low ratio (<3.0) of tracer concentrations between any two brain tissues. In occupancy assay, tracer was intravenously administered (10 μg/kg, harmine or 60 μg/kg, L-deprenyl) after the treatment with test compound (clorgyline or tranylcypromine or pargyline or phenelzine or thioperamide). Specific brain tissues were isolated at a defined interval and tracer concentrations were quantified using LC-MS/MS method. Pre-treatment with MAO inhibitors resulted in a decrease (maximum, 80-85%) in harmine or an increase (maximum, 85-300%) in L-deprenyl concentrations. But we considered the change in tracer concentration, relative to the vehicle and positive control groups to calculate MAO occupancy. The observed selectivity and ratio of occupancies (ED50) of test compound towards MAO-A and MAO-B are comparable with the results from in vitro radiolabelled ligand-based inhibition assay. The results demonstrated the application of these non-radiolabelled tracers as suitable pre-clinical tools to determine MAO occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Babu Thentu
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Gopinadh Bhyrapuneni
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Nagasurya Prakash Padala
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Prathyusha Chunduru
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Hanumanth Rao Pantangi
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Ramakrishna Nirogi
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
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42
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Salgin-Goksen U, Telli G, Erikci A, Dedecengiz E, Tel BC, Kaynak FB, Yelekci K, Ucar G, Gokhan-Kelekci N. New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1989-2009. [PMID: 33533632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Thirty compounds having 1-[2-(5-substituted-2-benzoxazolinone-3-yl) acetyl]-3,5-disubstitutedphenyl-2-pyrazoline structure and nine compounds having N'-(1,3-disubstitutedphenylallylidene)-2-(5-substituted-2-benzoxazolinone-3-yl)acetohydrazide skeleton were synthesized and evaluated as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. All of the compounds exhibited selective MAO-A inhibitor activity in the nanomolar or low micromolar range. The results of the molecular docking for hydrazone derivatives supported the in vitro results. Five compounds, 6 (0.008 μM, Selectivity Index (SI): 9.70 × 10-4), 7 (0.009 μM, SI: 4.55 × 10-5), 14 (0.001 μM, SI: 8.00 × 10-4), 21 (0.009 μM, SI: 1.37 × 10-5), and 42 (0.010 μM, SI: 5.40 × 10-6), exhibiting the highest inhibition and selectivity toward hMAO-A and nontoxic to hepatocytes were assessed for antidepressant activity as acute and subchronic in mice. All of these five compounds showed significant antidepressant activity with subchronic administration consistent with the increase in the brain serotonin levels and the compounds crossed the blood-brain barrier according to parallel artificial membrane permeation assay. Compounds 14, 21, and 42 exhibited an ex vivo MAO-A profile, which is highly consistent with the in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Salgin-Goksen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.,Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Analyses and Control Laboratories, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Telli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Acelya Erikci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University, 06510 Söğütözü, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Dedecengiz
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Cahide Tel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Betul Kaynak
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kemal Yelekci
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, 34083 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulberk Ucar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Gokhan-Kelekci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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43
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Liu L, Chen Y, Zeng RF, Liu Y, Xie SS, Lan JS, Ding Y, Yang YT, Yang J, Zhang T. Design and synthesis of novel 3,4-dihydrocoumarins as potent and selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors with the neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104685. [PMID: 33640631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors with neuroprotective effects are better for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment, due to the complicated pathogenesis of PD. To develop new hMAO-B inhibitors with neuroprotection, a novel series of 3,4-dihydrocoumarins was designed as selective and reversible hMAO-B inhibitors to treat PD. Most compounds showed potent and selective inhibition for hMAO-B over hMAO-A with IC50 values ranging from nanomolar to sub-nanomolar. Among them, compound 4d was the most potent hMAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 0.37 nM) being about 20783-fold more active than iproniazid, and exhibited the highest selectivity for hMAO-B (SI > 270,270). Kinetic studies revealed that compound 4d was a reversible and competitive inhibitor of hMAO-B. Neuroprotective studies indicated that compound 4d could protect PC12 cells from the damage induced by 6-OHDA and rotenone. Besides, compound 4d did not exhibit acute toxicity at a dose up to 2500 mg/kg (po), and could cross the BBB in parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. More importantly, compound 4d was able to significantly prevent the motor deficits in the MPTP-induced PD model. These results indicate that compound 4d is an effective and promising candidate against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui-Feng Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sai-Sai Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jin-Shuai Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Ting Yang
- Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Karabelyov V, Kondeva-Burdina M, Angelova VT. Synthetic approaches to unsymmetrical 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their MAO-B inhibitory activity. A review. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115888. [PMID: 33360082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Selective monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitors are currently used as coadjuvants for treating early motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Aiming at the elucidation of MAO-B inhibitors with 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds, we make a comprehensive update on the new and old chemical methods employed for the synthesis of the unsymmetrical oxadiazole derivatives that lead to high yield compounds. We summarize a state of the selective MAO-B inhibitors with oxadiazole scaffold, describing the results, structures, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and medicinal chemistry strategies over the years. The analysis of the recent papers would facilitate tracking the increasing number of oxadiazole derivatives as new chemical spaces with MAO-B inhibitory potential designed to ensure the safe use of the compounds and elimination of the unwanted drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Karabelyov
- Laboratory "Drug metabolism and drug toxicity", Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory "Drug metabolism and drug toxicity", Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violina T Angelova
- Laboratory "Drug metabolism and drug toxicity", Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Duarte P, Cuadrado A, León R. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: From Classic to New Clinical Approaches. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 264:229-259. [PMID: 32852645 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are involved in the oxidative deamination of different amines and neurotransmitters. This pointed them as potential targets for several disorders and along the last 70 years a wide variety of MAO inhibitors have been developed as successful drugs for the treatment of complex diseases, being the first drugs approved for depression in the late 1950s. The discovery of two MAO isozymes (MAO-A and B) with different substrate selectivity and tissue expression patterns led to novel therapeutic approaches and to the development of new classes of inhibitors, such as selective irreversible and reversible MAO-B inhibitors and reversible MAO-A inhibitors. Significantly, MAO-B inhibitors constitute a widely studied group of compounds, some of them approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Further applications are under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases, among others. This review summarizes the most important aspects regarding the development and clinical use of MAO inhibitors, going through mechanistic and structural details, new indications, and future perspectives. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) catalyze the oxidative deamination of different amines and neurotransmitters. The two different isozymes, MAO-A and MAO-B, are located at the outer mitochondrial membrane in different tissues. The enzymatic reaction involves formation of the corresponding aldehyde and releasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonia or a substituted amine depending on the substrate. MAO's role in neurotransmitter metabolism made them targets for major depression and Parkinson's disease, among other neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, these compounds are being studied for other diseases such as cardiovascular ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Duarte
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientÚficas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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47
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Natural Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010029. [PMID: 33374186 PMCID: PMC7824130 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites from plants and fungi are stimulating growing interest in consumers and, consequently, in the food and supplement industries. The beneficial effects of these natural compounds are being thoroughly studied and there are frequent updates about the biological activities of old and new molecules isolated from plants and fungi. In this article, we present a review of the most recent literature regarding the recent discovery of secondary metabolites through isolation and structural elucidation, as well as the in vitro and/or in vivo evaluation of their biological effects. In particular, the possibility of using these bioactive molecules in the prevention and/or treatment of widely spread pathologies such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases is discussed.
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48
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Reinheimer JB, Bressan GN, de Freitas CM, Ceretta APC, Krum BN, Nogara PA, Rodrigues T, Schwerz JP, da Rocha JBT, Fachinetto R. Effects of CATECHIN on reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movements: behavioral and biochemical analysis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:2439-2452. [PMID: 32725283 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of (+)-catechin, a polyphenolic compound, on orofacial dyskinesia (OD) induced by reserpine in mice. The potential modulation of monoaminoxidase (MAO) activity, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) immunoreactivity by catechin were used as biochemical endpoints. The interaction of catechin with MAO-A and MAO-B was determined in vitro and in silico. The effects of catechin on OD induced by reserpine (1 mg/kg for 4 days, subcutaneously) in male Swiss mice were examined. After, catechin (10, 50 or 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or its vehicle were given for another 20 days. On the 6th, 8th, 15th and 26th day, vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) and locomotor activity were quantified. Biochemical markers (MAO activity, TH and GAD67 immunoreactivity) were evaluated in brain structures. In vitro, catechin inhibited both MAO isoforms at concentrations of 0.34 and 1.03 mM being completely reversible for MAO-A and partially reversible for MAO-B. Molecular docking indicated that the catechin bound in the active site of MAO-A, while in the MAO-B it interacted with the surface of the enzyme in an allosteric site. In vivo, reserpine increased the VCMs and decreased the locomotor activity. Catechin (10 mg/kg), decreased the number of VCMs in the 8th day in mice pre-treated with reserpine without altering other behavioral response. Ex vivo, the MAO activity and TH and GAD67 immunoreactivity were not altered by the treatments. Catechin demonstrated a modest and transitory protective effect in a model of OD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Binotto Reinheimer
- ªPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Getulio Nicola Bressan
- ªPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Catiuscia Molz de Freitas
- ªPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Chiapinotto Ceretta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Nunes Krum
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Andrei Nogara
- ªPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Talita Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- ªPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselei Fachinetto
- ªPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
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49
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Park SE, Paudel P, Wagle A, Seong SH, Kim HR, Fauzi FM, Jung HA, Choi JS. Luteolin, a Potent Human Monoamine Oxidase-A Inhibitor and Dopamine D 4 and Vasopressin V 1A Receptor Antagonist. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10719-10729. [PMID: 32869630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavonoid widely distributed in the plant kingdom, contains two benzene rings and hydroxyl groups, and this structural specificity contributes to its diverse biological activities. However, no previous studies have simultaneously investigated the therapeutic potency of luteolin isolated from a plant as an antipsychotic and antidepressant. Here, luteolin exhibited selective inhibition of hMAO-A (IC50 = 8.57 ± 0.47 μM) over hMAO-B (IC50 > 100 μM). In silico proteochemometric modeling predicted promising targets of luteolin, and verification via cell-based G protein-coupled receptor functional assays showed that luteolin is a selective antagonist of the vasopressin receptor V1AR (IC50 = 19.49 ± 6.32 μM) and the dopamine D4 receptor (IC50 = 39.59 ± 1.46 μM). Molecular docking showed the tight binding of luteolin with a low binding score and the high stability of the luteolin-receptor complex, corroborating its functional effect. Thus, hMAO-A, hD4R, and hV1AR are prime targets of luteolin and potential alternatives for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Aditi Wagle
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Rak Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlin Mohd Fauzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42 300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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50
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Oset-Gasque MJ, Marco-Contelles JL. Tacrine-Natural-Product Hybrids for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4392-4400. [PMID: 29611473 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180403151725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, neurodegenerative pathology showing, among others, high cholinergic and neurotransmitter deficits, oxidative stress, inflammation, Aβ-aggregation resulting in senile plaques formation, and hyperphosphorylation of tau-protein leading to neurofibrillary tangles. Due to its multifactorial and complex nature, multitarget directed small-molecules able to simultaneously inhibit or bind diverse biological targets involved in the progress and development of AD are considered now the best therapeutic strategy to design new compounds for AD therapy. Among them, tacrine is a very well known standard-gold ligand, and natural products have been a traditional source of new agents for diverse therapeutic treatments. In this review, we will update recent developments of multitarget tacrinenatural products hybrids for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Oset-Gasque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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