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Zhang F, Wang Y, Song X, Wen Y, Wang H, Zhang Y. The hydroxytyrosol-typed phenylpropanoidglycosides: A phenylpropanoid glycoside family with significant biological activity. Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106155. [PMID: 39089596 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol-typed phenylpropanoid glycosides (HPGs), composed of phenylethanol and various complex oligosaccharides, are widespread and abundant in different plant, and have a diverse range of biological activities. All HPGs reported previously have been isolated from natural sources, and most of them showed significant bioactivities, such as anti-inflamatory, anti-cancer, cytoprotection, neuro-protective effects, enzyme-inhibitory, anti-microbial effects, and cardiovascular activity. The goal of this review is to summarize the structures of HPGs reported over the past few decades, as well as to introduce their pharmacological effects. We also introduce the possible relationship between the structures of HPGs and their source plants, as well as the structure-activity relationships of some important activities. This review will serve as a resource for future research into this class of compounds, and demonstrate their potential value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yingming Wen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, No. 9 Liangshuihe 1st Street, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710127, China; Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
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2
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Zodio S, Serreli G, Melis MP, Franchi B, Boronat A, de la Torre R, Deiana M. Protective effect of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol metabolites in LPS-induced vascular barrier derangement in vitro. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1350378. [PMID: 38706564 PMCID: PMC11066181 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1350378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The maintenance of endothelial barrier function is essential for vasal homeostasis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Among the toxic stimuli involved in the initiation of atherosclerotic lesions, Gram negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported to be able to trigger endothelial dysfunction, through the alteration of barrier permeability and inflammatory response. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (Tyr), the major phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), as wells as their circulating sulphated and glucuronidated metabolites have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects at endothelial level. Methods In this study we investigated the protective effects of HT and Tyr metabolites on LPS-induced alteration of permeability in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) monolayers and examined underlying signaling pathways, focusing on tight junction (TJ) proteins, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NOD-, LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Results It was shown that LPS-increased permeability in HUVEC cells was due to the alteration of TJ protein level, following the activation of MAPK and NLRP3. HT and Tyr sulphated and glucuronidated metabolites were able to limit the effects exerted by LPS, acting as signaling molecules with an efficacy comparable to that of their precursors HT and Tyr. Discussion The obtained results add a further piece to the understanding of HT and Tyr metabolites mechanisms of action in vascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Zodio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Benedetta Franchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Boronat
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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3
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Kundisová I, Colom H, Juan ME, Planas JM. Pharmacokinetics of Hydroxytyrosol and Its Sulfate and Glucuronide Metabolites after the Oral Administration of Table Olives to Sprague-Dawley Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2154-2164. [PMID: 38232316 PMCID: PMC10835732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics (PK) of hydroxytyrosol and its metabolites were characterized following oral administration to Sprague-Dawley rats of 3.85 and 7.70 g of destoned Arbequina table olives/kg. Plasma samples were analyzed using a fully validated method consisting of liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Noncompartmental PK analysis of hydroxytyrosol demonstrated linear PK between doses of 2.95 and 5.85 mg hydroxytyrosol/kg. Half-life was approximately 2.5 h, while mean residence time was around 4 h. Clearance occurred by conversion to two sulfate and two glucuronide conjugates. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) ratios of metabolites versus parent hydroxytyrosol was approximately 7-9-fold for the sulfate and below 0.25 for the glucuronide, indicating sulfation as the predominant metabolic pathway. Despite extensive metabolism, hydroxytyrosol remained in plasma for up to 8 h with AUCs of 4293 and 8919 min·nmol/L for the doses of 3.85 and 7.70 g/kg, respectively. Therefore, table olives provide a more sustained plasma profile than other foods containing hydroxytyrosol, which may enhance its health-protecting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kundisová
- Grup
de Fisiologia i Nutrició Experimental, Departament de Bioquímica
i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació
and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària
(INSA-UB, María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Universitat de Barcelona (UB) and Food Innovation
Network (XIA), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Colom
- Grup
de Farmacocinètica, Famacodinàmia i Farmacogenòmica
Poblacional, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica,
i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències
de l’Alimentació, Universitat
de Barcelona (UB), Av.
Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Emília Juan
- Grup
de Fisiologia i Nutrició Experimental, Departament de Bioquímica
i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació
and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària
(INSA-UB, María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Universitat de Barcelona (UB) and Food Innovation
Network (XIA), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana M. Planas
- Grup
de Fisiologia i Nutrició Experimental, Departament de Bioquímica
i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació
and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària
(INSA-UB, María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Universitat de Barcelona (UB) and Food Innovation
Network (XIA), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Giusepponi D, Barola C, Bucaletti E, Moretti S, Paoletti F, Valiani A, Branciari R, Galarini R. Occurrence of Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Their Metabolites in Italian Cheese. Molecules 2023; 28:6204. [PMID: 37687033 PMCID: PMC10488946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) are phenyl alcohol polyphenols with well-recognized health-promoting properties. They are widely diffused in several vegetables, especially in olive products (leaves, fruits and oil). Therefore, they could be present in food produced from herbivorous animals such as in milk and cheese. In this study, an analytical method to determine T, HT and some of their phase II metabolites (sulphates and glucuronides) in cheese was developed and validated. Samples were extracted with an acidic mixture of MeOH/water 80/20 (v/v) and, after a low temperature clean-up, the extracts were evaporated and injected in a liquid-chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-Orbitrap). A validation study demonstrated satisfactory method performance characteristics (selectivity, linearity, precision, recovery factors, detection and quantification limits). The developed protocol was then applied to analyze 36 Italian cheeses made from ewe, goat and cow milk. The sum of detected compounds (T, tyrosol sulfate, hydroxytyrosol-3-O-sulfate and hydroxytyrosol-4-O-sulfate) reached as high as 2300 µg kg-1 on a dry weight basis, although in about 45% of cow cheeses it did not exceed 50 µg kg-1. Ewe cheeses were significantly richer of polyphenols (sum) as well as HT sulfate metabolites than cow cheeses. In conclusion, results shows that cheese cannot be considered an important dietary source of these valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Giusepponi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (F.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Carolina Barola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (F.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Elisabetta Bucaletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (F.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Simone Moretti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (F.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Fabiola Paoletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (F.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Andrea Valiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (F.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Raffaella Branciari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.); (E.B.); (S.M.); (F.P.); (A.V.)
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5
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Boronat A, Serreli G, Rodríguez-Morató J, Deiana M, de la Torre R. Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds' Activity against Age-Associated Cognitive Decline: Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1472. [PMID: 37508010 PMCID: PMC10376491 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that consuming olive oil rich in phenolic bioactive compounds is associated with a lower risk of neurodegenerative diseases and better cognitive performance in aged populations. Since oxidative stress is a common hallmark of age-related cognitive decline, incorporating exogenous antioxidants could have beneficial effects on brain aging. In this review, we firstly summarize and critically discuss the current preclinical evidence and the potential neuroprotective mechanisms. Existing studies indicate that olive oil phenolic compounds can modulate and counteract oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, two relevant pathways linked to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative processes. Secondly, we summarize the current clinical evidence. In contrast to preclinical studies, there is no direct evidence in humans of the bioactivity of olive oil phenolic compounds. Instead, we have summarized current findings regarding nutritional interventions supplemented with olive oil on cognition. A growing body of research indicates that high consumption of olive oil phenolic compounds is associated with better preservation of cognitive performance, conferring an additional benefit, independent of the dietary pattern. In conclusion, the consumption of olive oil rich in phenolic bioactive compounds has potential neuroprotective effects. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Micheli L, Bertini L, Bonato A, Villanova N, Caruso C, Caruso M, Bernini R, Tirone F. Role of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein in the Prevention of Aging and Related Disorders: Focus on Neurodegeneration, Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:1767. [PMID: 37049607 PMCID: PMC10096778 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multi-faceted process caused by the accumulation of cellular damage over time, associated with a gradual reduction of physiological activities in cells and organs. This degeneration results in a reduced ability to adapt to homeostasis perturbations and an increased incidence of illnesses such as cognitive decline, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and skeletal muscle pathologies. Key features of aging include a chronic low-grade inflammation state and a decrease of the autophagic process. The Mediterranean diet has been associated with longevity and ability to counteract the onset of age-related disorders. Extra virgin olive oil, a fundamental component of this diet, contains bioactive polyphenolic compounds as hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and oleuropein (OLE), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review is focused on brain, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota, as these systems are known to interact at several levels. After the description of the chemistry and pharmacokinetics of HTyr and OLE, we summarize studies reporting their effects in in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases of the central/peripheral nervous system, adult neurogenesis and depression, senescence and lifespan, and age-related skeletal muscle disorders, as well as their impact on the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agnese Bonato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Villanova
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizia Caruso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
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7
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Mervant L, Tremblay-Franco M, Olier M, Jamin E, Martin JF, Trouilh L, Buisson C, Naud N, Maslo C, Héliès-Toussaint C, Fouché E, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S, Galan P, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Touvier M, Pierre F, Debrauwer L, Guéraud F. Urinary Metabolome Analysis Reveals Potential Microbiota Alteration and Electrophilic Burden Induced by High Red Meat Diet: Results from the French NutriNet-Santé Cohort and an In Vivo Intervention Study in Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200432. [PMID: 36647294 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE High red and processed meat consumption is associated with several adverse outcomes such as colorectal cancer and overall global mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms remain debated and need to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS Urinary untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics data from 240 subjects from the French cohort NutriNet-Santé are analyzed. Individuals are matched and divided into three groups according to their consumption of red and processed meat: high red and processed meat consumers, non-red and processed meat consumers, and at random group. Results are supported by a preclinical experiment where rats are fed either a high red meat or a control diet. Microbiota derived metabolites, in particular indoxyl sulfate and cinnamoylglycine, are found impacted by the high red meat diet in both studies, suggesting a modification of microbiota by the high red/processed meat diet. Rat microbiota sequencing analysis strengthens this observation. Although not evidenced in the human study, rat mercapturic acid profile concomitantly reveals an increased lipid peroxidation induced by high red meat diet. CONCLUSION Novel microbiota metabolites are identified as red meat consumption potential biomarkers, suggesting a deleterious effect, which could partly explain the adverse effects associated with high red and processed meat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Mervant
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, 31077, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Maïwenn Olier
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France
| | - Emilien Jamin
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Jean-Francois Martin
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Lidwine Trouilh
- Plateforme Genome et Transcriptome (GeT-Biopuces), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université ide Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Charline Buisson
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Nathalie Naud
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Claire Maslo
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France
| | - Cécile Héliès-Toussaint
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Edwin Fouché
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France.,Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bobigny, 93017, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France.,Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bobigny, 93017, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bobigny, 93017, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France.,Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bobigny, 93017, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France.,Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAe U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bobigny, 93017, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Francoise Guéraud
- Toxalim, Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, 78352, France
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8
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Di Renzo L, Smeriglio A, Ingegneri M, Gualtieri P, Trombetta D. The Pharmaceutical Formulation Plays a Pivotal Role in Hydroxytyrosol Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030743. [PMID: 36986604 PMCID: PMC10059125 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence supports the use of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and its minor components such as hydroxytyrosol or 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (DOPET), to improve cardiovascular and metabolic health. Nevertheless, more intervention studies in humans are needed because some gaps remain in its bioavailability and metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the DOPET pharmacokinetics on 20 healthy volunteers by administering a hard enteric-coated capsule containing 7.5 mg of bioactive compound conveyed in EVOO. The treatment was preceded by a washout period with a polyphenol and an alcohol-free diet. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and different time points, and free DOPET and metabolites, as well as sulfo- and glucuro-conjugates, were quantified by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The plasma concentration versus time profiles of free DOPET was analyzed by a non-compartmental approach, and several pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Tmax, T1/2, AUC0–440 min, AUC0–∞, AUCt–∞, AUCextrap_pred, Clast and Kel) were calculated. Results showed that DOPET Cmax (5.5 ng/mL) was reached after 123 min (Tmax), with a T1/2 of 150.53 min. Comparing the data obtained with the literature, the bioavailability of this bioactive compound is about 2.5 times higher, confirming the hypothesis that the pharmaceutical formulation plays a pivotal role in the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of hydroxytyrosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0906765630
| | - Mariarosaria Ingegneri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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9
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Oral Bioavailability and Metabolism of Hydroxytyrosol from Food Supplements. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020325. [PMID: 36678196 PMCID: PMC9866489 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Table olives and olive oils are the main dietary sources of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a natural antioxidant compound that has emerged as a potential aid in protection against cardiovascular risk. Bioavailability studies with olive oils showed that HT is bioavailable from its free form and from conjugated forms such as oleuropein and its aglycone. Still, its low dietary intake, poor bioavailability, and high inter-individual variability after absorption through the gastrointestinal tract hamper its full benefits. In a randomized, controlled, blinded, cross-over study, we investigated the impact of HT metabolism and bioavailability by comparing two olive-derived watery supplements containing different doses of HT (30.58 and 61.48 mg of HT/dosage). Additionally, HT-fortified olive oil was used in the control group. To this aim, plasma and urine samples were evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers following the intake of a single dose of the supplements or fortified olive oil. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 12 h after intake. HT and its metabolites were analyzed using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic results showed that dietary HT administered through the food supplements is bioavailable and bioavailability increases with the administered dose. After intake, homovanillic acid, HT-3-O-sulphate, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid are the main metabolites found both in plasma and urine. The maximum concentrations in plasma peaked 30 min after intake. As bioavailability of a compound is a fundamental prerequisite for its effect, these results promise a good potential of both food supplements for protection against oxidative stress and the consequent cardiovascular risk.
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10
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Nikou T, Sakavitsi ME, Kalampokis E, Halabalaki M. Metabolism and Bioavailability of Olive Bioactive Constituents Based on In Vitro, In Vivo and Human Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:3773. [PMID: 36145149 PMCID: PMC9504511 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of olive products has been established as a health-promoting dietary pattern due to their high content in compounds with eminent pharmacological properties and well-described bioactivities. However, their metabolism has not yet been fully described. The present critical review aimed to gather all scientific data of the past two decades regarding the absorption and metabolism of the foremost olive compounds, specifically of the phenylalcohols hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and tyrosol (Tyr) and the secoiridoids oleacein (Olea), oleocanthal (Oleo) and oleuropein (Oleu). A meticulous record of the in vitro assays and in vivo (animals and humans) studies of the characteristic olive compounds was cited, and a critical discussion on their bioavailability and metabolism was performed taking into account data from their gut microbial metabolism. The existing critical review summarizes the existing knowledge regarding the bioavailability and metabolism of olive-characteristic phenylalchohols and secoiridoids and spotlights the lack of data for specific chemical groups and compounds. Critical observations and conclusions were derived from correlating structure with bioavailability data, while results from in vitro, animal and human studies were compared and discussed, giving significant insight to the future design of research approaches for the total bioavailability and metabolism exploration thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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11
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Costa M, Costa V, Lopes M, Paiva-Martins F. A biochemical perspective on the fate of virgin olive oil phenolic compounds in vivo. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1403-1428. [PMID: 36094444 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2116558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of the phenolic compounds found in virgin olive oil (VOO) is very complex due, not only to the different classes of polyphenols that can be found in it, but, above all, due to the existence of a very specific phenol class found only in oleaceae plants: the secoiridoids. Searching in the Scopus data base the keywords flavonoid, phenolic acid, lignin and secoiridoid, we can find a number of 148174, 79435, 11326 and 1392 research articles respectively, showing how little is devote to the latter class of compounds. Moreover, in contrast with other classes, that include only phenolic compounds, secoiridoids may include phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, being the articles concerning phenolic secoiridoids much less than the half of the abovementioned articles. Therefore, it is important to clarify the structures of these compounds and their chemistry, as this knowledge will help understand their bioactivity and metabolism studies, usually performed by researchers with a more health science's related background. In this review, all the structures found in many research articles concerning VOO phenolic compounds chemistry and metabolism was gathered, with a special attention devoted to the secoiridoids, the main phenolic compound class found in olives, VOO and olive leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Lopes
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Talib WH, AlHur MJ, Al.Naimat S, Ahmad RE, Al-Yasari AH, Al-Dalaeen A, Thiab S, Mahmod AI. Anticancer Effect of Spices Used in Mediterranean Diet: Preventive and Therapeutic Potentials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:905658. [PMID: 35774546 PMCID: PMC9237507 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.905658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with almost 10 million cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020, so any investigation to prevent or cure this disease is very important. Spices have been studied widely in several countries to treat different diseases. However, studies that summarize the potential anticancer effect of spices used in Mediterranean diet are very limited. This review highlighted chemo-therapeutic and chemo-preventive effect of ginger, pepper, rosemary, turmeric, black cumin and clove. Moreover, the mechanisms of action for each one of them were figured out such as anti-angiogenesis, antioxidant, altering signaling pathways, induction of cell apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest, for several types of cancer. The most widely used spice in Mediterranean diet is black pepper (Piper nigrum L). Ginger and black cumin have the highest anticancer activity by targeting multiple cancer hallmarks. Apoptosis induction is the most common pathway activated by different spices in Mediterranean diet to inhibit cancer. Studies discussed in this review may help researchers to design and test new anticancer diets enriched with selected spices that have high activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Wamidh H. Talib
| | - Mallak J. AlHur
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sumaiah Al.Naimat
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rawand E. Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Anfal Al-Dalaeen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samar Thiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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13
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Sakavitsi ME, Breynaert A, Nikou T, Lauwers S, Pieters L, Hermans N, Halabalaki M. Availability and Metabolic Fate of Olive Phenolic Alcohols Hydroxytyrosol and Tyrosol in the Human GI Tract Simulated by the In Vitro GIDM-Colon Model. Metabolites 2022; 12:391. [PMID: 35629895 PMCID: PMC9144922 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and tyrosol (Tyr) are the most well studied phenolic alcohols of olive oil and olive products demonstrating numerous and significant beneficial health effects. However, their activity in the human organism as food bioactives is strongly associated with their bioavailability and metabolism, while manifested through their metabolites. Nevertheless, there are limited studies investigating their biotransformation and mainly catabolism by gut microflora under a holistic interpretation close to the human organism. Thus, in the present study, the GastroIntestinal Dialysis (GIDM)-colon model, a continuous flow in vitro dialysis system mimicking physiological conditions during human gastrointestinal digestion, was used to explore the metabolism of HTyr and Tyr as pure compounds. The GIDM-colon model simulates absorption from the lumen to the mucosa, followed by the colon phase using pooled human fecal suspensions. Samples were collected at different time points and analyzed via LC-Orbitrap MS. An integrated approach combining Multivariate Data Analysis (MVA) and thorough dereplication procedures led to the identification of HTyr and Tyr metabolites in different phases (gastric, small intestine, and colon), yielding also valuable information about metabolites kinetics. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting full spectrometric data of HTyr and Tyr metabolites along with possible transformation mechanisms in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleni Sakavitsi
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.E.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Annelies Breynaert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.B.); (S.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Theodora Nikou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.E.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Stef Lauwers
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.B.); (S.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.B.); (S.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Nina Hermans
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.B.); (S.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.E.S.); (T.N.)
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14
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Serreli G, Le Sayec M, Diotallevi C, Teissier A, Deiana M, Corona G. Conjugated Metabolites of Hydroxytyrosol and Tyrosol Contribute to the Maintenance of Nitric Oxide Balance in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247480. [PMID: 34946563 PMCID: PMC8707355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in many pathophysiological processes. NO mediates vasodilation and blood flow in the arteries, and its action contributes to maintaining vascular homeostasis by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction and growth, platelet aggregation, and leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Dietary antioxidants and their metabolites have been found to be directly and/or indirectly involved in the modulation of the intracellular signals that lead to the production of NO. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of conjugated metabolites of hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (TYR) to the release of NO at the vascular level, and the related mechanism of action, in comparison to their parental forms. Experiments were performed in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) to evaluate the superoxide production, the release of NO and production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), the activation of serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (Akt1), and the activation state of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). It was observed that the tested phenolic compounds enhanced NO and cGMP concentration, inhibiting its depletion caused by superoxide overproduction. Moreover, some of them enhanced the activation of Akt (TYR, HT metabolites) and eNOS (HT, HVA, TYR-S, HT-3S). Overall, the obtained data showed that these compounds promote NO production and availability, suggesting that HT and TYR conjugated metabolites may contribute to the effects of parental extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenolics in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Serreli
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Melanie Le Sayec
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
| | - Camilla Diotallevi
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
| | - Alice Teissier
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Giulia Corona
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)20-8392-3622
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15
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Finicelli M, Squillaro T, Galderisi U, Peluso G. Polyphenols, the Healthy Brand of Olive Oil: Insights and Perspectives. Nutrients 2021; 13:3831. [PMID: 34836087 PMCID: PMC8624306 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given their beneficial potential on human health, plant food bioactive molecules are important components influencing nutrition. Polyphenols have been widely acknowledged for their potentially protective role against several complex diseases. In particular, the polyphenols of olive oil (OOPs) emerge as the key components of many healthy diets and have been widely studied for their beneficial properties. The qualitative and quantitative profile defining the composition of olive oil phenolic molecules as well as their absorbance and metabolism once ingested are key aspects that need to be considered to fully understand the health potential of these molecules. In this review, we provide an overview of the key aspects influencing these variations by focusing on the factors influencing the biosynthesis of OOPs and the findings about their absorption and metabolism. Despite the encouraging evidence, the health potential of OOPs is still debated due to limitations in current studies. Clinical trials are necessary to fully understand and validate the beneficial effects of olive oil and OOPs on human health. We provide an update of the clinical trials based on olive oil and/or OOPs that aim to understand their beneficial effects. Tailored studies are needed to standardize the polyphenolic distribution and understand the variables associated with phenol-enriched OO. An in-depth knowledge of the steps that occur following polyphenol ingestion may reveal useful insights to be used in clinical settings for the prevention and treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Finicelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (U.G.)
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (U.G.)
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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16
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Boronat A, Rodriguez-Morató J, Serreli G, Fitó M, Tyndale RF, Deiana M, de la Torre R. Contribution of Biotransformations Carried Out by the Microbiota, Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, and Transport Proteins to the Biological Activities of Phytochemicals Found in the Diet. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2172-2189. [PMID: 34388248 PMCID: PMC8634308 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of dietary phytochemicals has been associated with several health benefits and relevant biological activities. It is postulated that biotransformations of these compounds regulated by the microbiota, Phase I/II reactions, transport proteins, and deconjugating enzymes contribute not only to their metabolic clearance but also, in some cases, to their bioactivation. A number of factors (age, genetics, sex, physiopathological conditions, and the interplay with other dietary phytochemicals) modulating metabolic activities are important sources and contributors to the interindividual variability observed in clinical studies evaluating the biological activities of phytochemicals. In this review, we discuss all the processes that can affect the bioaccessibility and beneficial effects of these bioactive compounds. Herein, we argue that the role of these factors must be further studied to correctly understand and predict the effects observed following the intake of phytochemicals. This is, in particular, with regard to in vitro investigations, which have shown great inconsistency with preclinical and clinical studies. The complexity of in vivo metabolic activity and biotransformation should therefore be considered in the interpretation of results in vitro and their translation to human physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Rodriguez-Morató
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (UPF-CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Pathology Section, Experimental Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Montserrato, Italy
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (CAMH), Toronto, Canada,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Science, Pathology Section, Experimental Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Montserrato, Italy
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17
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Vijakumaran U, Yazid MD, Hj Idrus RB, Abdul Rahman MR, Sulaiman N. Molecular Action of Hydroxytyrosol in Attenuation of Intimal Hyperplasia: A Scoping Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:663266. [PMID: 34093194 PMCID: PMC8176091 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a polyphenol of olive plant is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. The aim of this systematic search is to highlight the scientific evidence evaluating molecular efficiency of HT in halting the progression of intimal hyperplasia (IH), which is a clinical condition arises from endothelial inflammation. Methods: A systematic search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, based on pre-set keywords which are Hydroxytyrosol OR 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol, AND Intimal hyperplasia OR Neointimal hyperplasia OR Endothelial OR Smooth muscles. Eighteen in vitro and three in vitro and in vivo studies were selected based on a pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Based on evidence gathered, HT was found to upregulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways and supresses inflammatory factors and mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, E-selectin, P-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in endothelial vascularization and functioning. Two studies revealed HT disrupted vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) cell cycle by dephosphorylating ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. Therefore, HT was proven to promote endothelization and inhibit vascular SMCs migration thus hampering IH development. However, none of these studies described the effect of HT collectively in both vascular endothelial cells (EC) and SMCs in IH ex vivo model. Conclusions: Evidence from this concise review provides an insight on HT regulation of molecular pathways in reendothelization and inhibition of VSMCs migration. Henceforth, we propose effect of HT on IH prevention could be further elucidated through in vivo and ex vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubashini Vijakumaran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ramzisham Abdul Rahman
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Galmés S, Reynés B, Palou M, Palou-March A, Palou A. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of the Main Olive Tree Phenols and Polyphenols: A Literature Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5281-5296. [PMID: 33908772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of olive tree (poly)phenols (OPs) are largely dependent upon their bioavailability and metabolization by humans. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) are fundamental for the nutritional efficacy and toxicological impact of foods containing OPs. This review includes studies on the administration of hydroxytyrosol (HT), oleuropein (Ole), or other OPs and foods, products, or mixtures that contain them. Briefly, data from in vivo studies indicate that OPs are absorbable by intestinal cells. Both absorption and bioavailability depend upon each compound and/or the matrix in which it is contained. OPs metabolism begins in enterocytes and can also continue in the liver. Metabolic phase I mainly consists of the hydrolysis of Ole, which results in an increase in the HT content. Phase II metabolic reactions involve the conjugation of (poly)phenols mainly with glucuronide and sulfate groups. This review offers a complete perspective of the ADME processes of OPs, which could support the future nutritional and/or toxicological studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Galmés
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Reynés
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou-March
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Carrera-González MP, Mayas MD, Martínez-Martos JM. Gender differences in the antioxidant response of oral administration of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein against N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced glioma. Food Res Int 2020; 140:110023. [PMID: 33648253 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumorigenesis has been associated not only with oxidative stress, but also with a reduced response of non-enzyme and enzyme antioxidant defense systems. In fact, the imbalance between free-radical production and the efficiency of the antioxidant defense systems triggers the process because the central nervous system (CNS) is very sensitive to free-radical damage. Phenolic compounds, mainly oleuropein and its major metabolite hydroxytyrosol, derived from olives and virgin olive oil, have been shown to exert important anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo due to their antioxidant properties. The present study analyzes the effects of the oral administration of oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and the mixture of both phenolic compounds in rats with transplacental N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced brain tumors to analyze their potential effect against brain tumorigenesis through the modification of redox system components. Oxidative stress parameters, non-enzyme and enzyme antioxidant defense systems and blood chemistry were assayed in the different experimental groups. The treatment with oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and/or the mixture of both phenolic compounds promotes a limited beneficial effect as anticancer compounds in our ENU-induced animal model of brain tumor. These effects occur via redox control mechanisms involving endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems, and are highly dependent on the gender of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ramírez-Expósito
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - M P Carrera-González
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - M D Mayas
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - J M Martínez-Martos
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
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20
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Dietary Supplementation with Olive Mill Wastewater in Dairy Sheep: Evaluation of Cheese Characteristics and Presence of Bioactive Molecules. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111941. [PMID: 33105801 PMCID: PMC7690602 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Using polyphenols from olive oil waste as feed supplements in animal diets can be a strategy to reduce adverse environmental effects of this by-product and to enhance the quality of products of animal origin. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of adding a polyphenolic concentrate from olive oil wastewater to a typical sheep diet on the nutraceutical and quality characteristics of cheese. The experiment was carried out on thirty-six Sarda ewes, divided into two homogenous groups fed a standard diet composed of hay and concentrate. In one of the two diets, the concentrate was supplemented (25 g/kg) with polyphenols obtained from olive mill wastewater using a special filtration system. Data showed that the polyphenol supplementation in the ewe’s diet resulted in the presence of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol sulphate metabolites in milk and cheese. Furthermore, these compounds were able to provide a direct antioxidant effect on cheese with no modification in its chemical composition. Abstract The aim of the study was to define the chemical characteristics, antioxidant capacity, oxidative status, sensory properties, and the presence of polyphenols in ovine cheese obtained after dietary administration of spray-dried olive mill wastewater (SDP). SDP is a waste from olive oil production rich in bioactive molecules obtained by further processing the olive mill wastewater through a spray-drying system. Thirty-six sheep were randomly assigned to two experimental groups that received a standard diet based on hay and concentrate. The concentrate fed to the SDP group was supplemented with SDP at a rate 25 g/kg (as fed). The trial lasted 9 weeks. Milk from the two treatment groups was separately collected and used for manufacturing cheese. Cheese quality parameters and proximate composition were not affected by the dietary treatment, whereas the antioxidant status and oxidative stability of cheese were positively affected. Polyphenol analyses in cheese were performed through liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The concentration of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, and their sulphate metabolites, were higher in cheese from supplemented sheep. These findings suggest that polyphenol metabolites can play a major role in the beneficial effects observed in food produced from sheep fed SDP.
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21
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Rodríguez-López P, Lozano-Sanchez J, Borrás-Linares I, Emanuelli T, Menéndez JA, Segura-Carretero A. Structure-Biological Activity Relationships of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Health Properties and Bioavailability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E685. [PMID: 32752213 PMCID: PMC7464770 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra-virgin olive oil is regarded as functional food since epidemiological studies and multidisciplinary research have reported convincing evidence that its intake affects beneficially one or more target functions in the body, improves health, and reduces the risk of disease. Its health properties have been related to the major and minor fractions of extra-virgin olive oil. Among olive oil chemical composition, the phenolic fraction has received considerable attention due to its bioactivity in different chronic diseases. The bioactivity of the phenolic compounds could be related to different properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, although the molecular mechanism of these compounds in relation to many diseases could have different cellular targets. The aim of this review is focused on the extra-virgin olive oil phenolic fraction with particular emphasis on (a) biosynthesis, chemical structure, and influence factors on the final extra-virgin olive oil phenolic composition; (b) structure-antioxidant activity relationships and other molecular mechanisms in relation to many diseases; (c) bioavailability and controlled delivery strategies; (d) alternative sources of olive biophenols. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive review was developed, with particular emphasis on in vitro and in vivo assays as well as clinical trials. This report provides an overview of extra-virgin olive oil phenolic compounds as a tool for functional food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Rodríguez-López
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, Edificio BioRegión, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sanchez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, Edificio BioRegión, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, Edificio BioRegión, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;
| | - Javier A. Menéndez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Ctra. França s/n, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta de Girona, 17007 Girona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, Edificio BioRegión, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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22
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Visioli F, Davalos A, López de las Hazas M, Crespo MC, Tomé‐Carneiro J. An overview of the pharmacology of olive oil and its active ingredients. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1316-1330. [PMID: 31270815 PMCID: PMC7056466 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing sensory stimuli, usually taste, smell and sight, olive oil contains a range of minor components, mostly phenolic in nature. These components are endowed with pharmacological or pharma‐nutritional properties that are the subject of active research worldwide. Based on our more than 25 years of experience in this field, we critically focus on what we believe are the most pharmacologically prominent actions of the constituents of olive oil. Most of the effects are due to the phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil, such as hydroxytyrosol and oleocanthal (which are often mis‐categorized as in vivo antioxidants) and concern the cardiovascular system. Other potentially beneficial activities are still to be investigated in depth. We conclude that—in the context of a proper diet that includes high‐quality products—the use of high‐quality olive oil contributes to achieving and sustaining overall health.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Alberto Davalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid MetabolismInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - María‐Carmen López de las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid MetabolismInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - Joao Tomé‐Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
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23
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Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols: Modulation of Cellular Pathways Related to Oxidant Species and Inflammation in Aging. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020478. [PMID: 32093046 PMCID: PMC7072812 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The olive-oil-centered Mediterranean diet has been associated with extended life expectancy and a reduction in the risk of age-related degenerative diseases. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) itself has been proposed to promote a "successful aging", being able to virtually modulate all the features of the aging process, because of its great monounsaturated fatty acids content and its minor bioactive compounds, the polyphenols above all. Polyphenols are mostly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, able to modulate abnormal cellular signaling induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli and oxidative stress, as that related to NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which have been identified as important modulators of age-related disorders and aging itself. This review summarizes existing literature about the interaction between EVOO polyphenols and NF-κB and Nrf-2 signaling pathways. Reported studies show the ability of EVOO phenolics, mainly hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, to activate Nrf-2 signaling, inducing a cellular defense response and to prevent NF-κB activation, thus suppressing the induction of a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Literature data, although not exhaustive, indicate as a whole that EVOO polyphenols may significantly help to modulate the aging process, so tightly connected to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
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24
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Boronat A, Mateus J, Soldevila-Domenech N, Guerra M, Rodríguez-Morató J, Varon C, Muñoz D, Barbosa F, Morales JC, Gaedigk A, Langohr K, Covas MI, Pérez-Mañá C, Fitó M, Tyndale RF, de la Torre R. Data on the endogenous conversion of tyrosol into hydroxytyrosol in humans. Data Brief 2019; 27:104787. [PMID: 31788516 PMCID: PMC6880089 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present new and original data on the endogenous conversion of tyrosol (Tyr) into hydroxytyrosol (OHTyr) in humans and its effects on the cardiovascular system. A randomized, crossover, controlled clinical trial was performed with individuals at cardiovascular risk (n = 33). They received white wine (WW) (females 1, males 2 standard drinks/day), WW plus Tyr capsules (WW + Tyr) (25mg Tyr capsule, one per WW drink), and water (control) ad libitum. Intervention periods were of 4 weeks preceded by three-week wash-out periods. We assessed the conversion of Tyr to OHTyr, its interaction with a polygenic activity score (PAS) from CYP2A6 and CYP2D6 genotypes, and the effects on cardiovascular risk markers. For further details and experimental findings please refer to the article “Cardiovascular benefits of tyrosol and its endogenous conversion into hydroxytyrosol in humans. A randomized, controlled trial” [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Mateus
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Guerra
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Varon
- Department of Pharmacy, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig de Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francina Barbosa
- CAP Barceloneta, Parc Sanitari Rovira Virgili, Passeig Marítim, 25 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Morales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, 17, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Andreas Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,NUPROAS Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Generation of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol from Tyrosol Present in Beer and Red Wine in a Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092241. [PMID: 31540384 PMCID: PMC6769679 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beer and wine contains the simple phenol tyrosol (TYR) which is endogenously converted into hydroxytyrosol (HT), one of the strongest dietary antioxidants, by CYP2A6 and CYP2D6 polymorphic enzymes. We investigated in humans the rate of this bioconversion after beer and red wine (RW) intake. In a single blind, randomized, crossover, controlled clinical trial (n = 20 healthy subjects), we evaluated TYR absorption and biotransformation into HT following a single dose of (i) RW, (ii) Indian pale ale beer (IPA), (iii) blonde beer, and (iv) non-alcoholic beer (free). Individuals were genotyped for CYP2A6 and CYP2D6, and a polygenic activity score (PAS) was derived. RW triggered the highest increase in total TYR recovered, followed by IPA, blonde, and free beers. Although the HT content in beer was minimal, an increase in HT production was observed in all beers following TYR in a dose-response manner, confirming TYR to HT biotransformation. Sex differences were identified in the rate of the conversion following RW. PAS scores correlated linearly with the recoveries of HT (HT:TYR ratios) after RW intake. In conclusion, after beer and RW consumption, TYR is absorbed and endogenously biotransformed into HT. This mechanism could be modulated by sex, genetics, and matrix components.
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26
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Mancebo‐Aracil J, Casagualda C, Moreno‐Villaécija MÁ, Nador F, García‐Pardo J, Franconetti‐García A, Busqué F, Alibés R, Esplandiu MJ, Ruiz‐Molina D, Sedó‐Vegara J. Bioinspired Functional Catechol Derivatives through Simple Thiol Conjugate Addition. Chemistry 2019; 25:12367-12379. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mancebo‐Aracil
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
- Instituto de Química del Sur-INQUISUR (UNS-CONICET)Universidad Nacional del Sur Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Carolina Casagualda
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | | | - Fabiana Nador
- Instituto de Química del Sur-INQUISUR (UNS-CONICET)Universidad Nacional del Sur Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Javier García‐Pardo
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | | | - Félix Busqué
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Ramon Alibés
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - María José Esplandiu
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Daniel Ruiz‐Molina
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Josep Sedó‐Vegara
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
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27
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Wang N, Ma Y, Liu Z, Liu L, Yang K, Wei Y, Liu Y, Chen X, Sun X, Wen D. Hydroxytyrosol prevents PM 2.5-induced adiposity and insulin resistance by restraining oxidative stress related NF-κB pathway and modulation of gut microbiota in a murine model. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:393-407. [PMID: 31279968 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particular matter (≤2.5 μM, PM2.5) contributes to increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a simple polyphenol found in virgin olive oil, is considered to be beneficial for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The current study determined whether HT could improve PM2.5-induced adiposity and insulin resistance (IR), and explored the underlying mechanisms. Fifteen adult female C57BL/6j mice on a chow diet were randomly divided into three groups receiving (1) sterile PBS, (2) PM2.5 suspended in sterile PBS (1 mg/mL) and (3) PM2.5+HT (50 mg/kg/day). PM2.5/PBS exposure was administered by oropharynx instillation every other day and HT supplementation was achieved by gavage every day. Four-week PM2.5 exposure did not affect body weight, but significantly increased visceral fat mass. The abdominal adiposity coincided with adipocyte hypertrophy and proliferation in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as decreased metabolic activity in brown adipose tissue and subcutaneous WAT. PM2.5 enhanced the oxidative stress by diminishing antioxidant enzyme activities in liver and serum, whereas contents of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver and serum were elevated. These changes were accompanied by macrophage infiltration and activation of NF-κB pathway in the liver. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure led to glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity, impaired hepatic glycogenesis, and decreased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in peripheral tissues. Importantly, HT treatment prevented PM2.5-induced visceral adipogenesis, oxidative stress, hepatic inflammation and NF-κB activation, systemic and peripheral IR. In vitro, after HepG2 cells were incubated with PM2.5 (0, 5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL), reduced glutathione depletion and 4-HNE, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, MDA increment in a dose-dependent manner were observed; likewise, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Further, with antioxidant NAC and NF-κB inhibitor PDTC, we confirmed that HT attenuated PM2.5-induced IR through restraining NF-κB activation evoked by oxidative stress. In addition, HT could expand gut microbiota richness, reduce pathogenic bacteria and accommodate the microbial architecture in PM2.5-exposed mice, which were correlated with parameters of adiposity, oxidative stress and glycometabolism. HT could effectively correct imbalanced oxidative stress triggered by PM2.5, in turn ameliorated NF-κB pathway and insulin signaling. Gut microbiota may mediate the actions of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Wang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Yanan Ma
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Zhuoqun Liu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Keming Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Yaguang Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- The Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xiance Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Deliang Wen
- The Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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Karković Marković A, Torić J, Barbarić M, Jakobušić Brala C. Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Derivatives and Their Potential Effects on Human Health. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24102001. [PMID: 31137753 PMCID: PMC6571782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet and olive oil as its quintessential part are almost synonymous with a healthy way of eating and living nowadays. This kind of diet has been highly appreciated and is widely recognized for being associated with many favorable effects, such as reduced incidence of different chronic diseases and prolonged longevity. Although olive oil polyphenols present a minor fraction in the composition of olive oil, they seem to be of great importance when it comes to the health benefits, and interest in their biological and potential therapeutic effects is huge. There is a growing body of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as intervention-based clinical trials, revealing new aspects of already known and many new, previously unknown activities and health effects of these compounds. This review summarizes recent findings regarding biological activities, metabolism and bioavailability of the major olive oil phenolic compounds—hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, oleocanthal and oleacein—the most important being their antiatherogenic, cardioprotective, anticancer, neuroprotective and endocrine effects. The evidence presented in the review concludes that these phenolic compounds have great pharmacological potential, however, further studies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karković Marković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Torić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Monika Barbarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Cvijeta Jakobušić Brala
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Wahls TL, Chenard CA, Snetselaar LG. Review of Two Popular Eating Plans within the Multiple Sclerosis Community: Low Saturated Fat and Modified Paleolithic. Nutrients 2019; 11:E352. [PMID: 30736445 PMCID: PMC6412750 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown but epidemiologic evidence suggests this immune-mediated, neurodegenerative condition is the result of a complex interaction between genes and lifetime environmental exposures. Diet choices are modifiable environmental factors that may influence MS disease activity. Two diets promoted for MS, low saturated fat Swank and modified Paleolithic Wahls Elimination (WahlsElim), are currently being investigated for their effect on MS-related fatigue and quality of life (NCT02914964). Dr. Swank theorized restriction of saturated fat would reduce vascular dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS). Dr. Wahls initially theorized that detailed guidance to increase intake of specific foodstuffs would facilitate increased intake of nutrients key to neuronal health (Wahls™ diet). Dr. Wahls further theorized restriction of lectins would reduce intestinal permeability and CNS inflammation (WahlsElim version). The purpose of this paper is to review the published research of the low saturated fat (Swank) and the modified Paleolithic (Wahls™) diets and the rationale for the structure of the Swank diet and low lectin version of the Wahls™ diet (WahlsElim) being investigated in the clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Wahls
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Catherine A Chenard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Linda G Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Biological Relevance of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols Metabolites. ANTIOXIDANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018. [PMID: 30469520 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120170]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols beneficial effects have widely been debated throughout the last three decades, with greater attention to hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, which are by far the most studied. The main concern about the evaluation of EVOO phenols activities in vitro and in vivo is that the absorption and metabolism of these compounds once ingested lead to the production of different metabolites in the human body. EVOO phenols in the ingested forms are less concentrated in human tissues than their glucuronide, sulfate and methyl metabolites; on the other hand, metabolites may undergo deconjugation before entering the cells and thus act as free forms or may be reformed inside the cells so acting as conjugated forms. In most in vitro studies the presence of methyl/sulfate/glucuronide functional groups does not seem to inhibit biological activity. Parent compounds and metabolites have been shown to reach tissue concentrations useful to exert beneficial effects others than antioxidant and scavenging properties, by modulating intracellular signaling and improving cellular response to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. This review aims to give an overview on the reported evidence of the positive effects exerted by the main EVOO polyphenols metabolites in comparison with the parent compounds.
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Biological Relevance of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols Metabolites. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7120170. [PMID: 30469520 PMCID: PMC6315336 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols beneficial effects have widely been debated throughout the last three decades, with greater attention to hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, which are by far the most studied. The main concern about the evaluation of EVOO phenols activities in vitro and in vivo is that the absorption and metabolism of these compounds once ingested lead to the production of different metabolites in the human body. EVOO phenols in the ingested forms are less concentrated in human tissues than their glucuronide, sulfate and methyl metabolites; on the other hand, metabolites may undergo deconjugation before entering the cells and thus act as free forms or may be reformed inside the cells so acting as conjugated forms. In most in vitro studies the presence of methyl/sulfate/glucuronide functional groups does not seem to inhibit biological activity. Parent compounds and metabolites have been shown to reach tissue concentrations useful to exert beneficial effects others than antioxidant and scavenging properties, by modulating intracellular signaling and improving cellular response to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. This review aims to give an overview on the reported evidence of the positive effects exerted by the main EVOO polyphenols metabolites in comparison with the parent compounds.
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Wine and Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds Interaction in Humans. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030076. [PMID: 30200425 PMCID: PMC6165478 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and red wine (RW) are two basic elements that form part of the so-called Mediterranean diet. Both stand out because of their high phenolic compound content and their potential related health benefits. The present study is focused on the metabolic disposition of resveratrol (RESV), tyrosol (TYR), and hydroxytyrosol (HT) following the consumption of EVOO, RW, and a combination of both. In this study, 12 healthy volunteers consumed a single dose of 25 mL of EVOO, 150 mL of RW, and a combination of both in a crossover randomized clinical trial. Urinary recovery of RESV, TYR, and HT was analysed in urine samples collected over a 6-h period following the intake of each treatment. Higher HT levels were observed following EVOO compared to RW (3788 ± 1751 nmols and 2308 ± 847 nmols respectively). After the combination of EVOO and RW, the recovery of TYR and HT metabolites increased statistically compared to their separate consumption (4925 ± 1751 nmols of TYR and 6286 ± 3198 nmols of HT). EVOO triggered an increase in glucuronide conjugates, while RW intake raised sulfate metabolites. Marginal effects were observed in RESV increased bioavailability after the combination of RW with the fat matrix provided by EVOO.
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López de las Hazas MC, Godinho-Pereira J, Macià A, Almeida AF, Ventura MR, Motilva MJ, Santos CN. Brain uptake of hydroxytyrosol and its main circulating metabolites: Protective potential in neuronal cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Martínez-Martos JM. Anti-Inflammatory and Antitumor Effects of Hydroxytyrosol but Not Oleuropein on Experimental Glioma In Vivo. A Putative Role for the Renin-Angiotensin System. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6010011. [PMID: 29373553 PMCID: PMC5874668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional roles of the angiotensin peptides of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascade can be analyzed through their corresponding proteolytic regulatory enzymes aspartyl aminopeptidase (ASAP), aminopeptidase A (APA), aminopeptidase B (APB), aminopeptidase N (APN) and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). These enzyme activities generate active or inactive angiotensin peptides that alter the ratios between their bioactive forms, regulating several important processes such as the regulation of cardiovascular functions, body water regulation, normal memory consolidation and retrieval, but also cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis or the inflammatory response. We have previously described that the treatment with hydroxytyrosol but not with oleuropein or with the mixture of both compounds led to the significant inhibition of tumor growth in an in vivo glioma model by mechanisms not only related to redox balance. Using this glioma model, here we analyze the effects of the phenolic compounds oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol in circulating RAS-regulating ASAP, APA, APN, APB and IRAP specific activities and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα to understand the relationship between the antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroxytyrosol, but not oleuropein, and the components of the RAS. We found that oleuropein increased all the activities analyzed and promoted a pro-inflammatory status, whereas hydroxytyrosol only modified ASAP and IRAP activities and promotes an anti-inflammatory status. When administrated together, oleuropein overrode the effects of hydroxytyrosol. Our results suggest a role for angiotensin III and angiotensin 1-7 in both tumor growth inhibition and anti-inflammatory response promoted by hydroxytyrosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Ramírez-Expósito
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Martínez-Martos
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Peyrol J, Meyer G, Obert P, Dangles O, Pechère L, Amiot MJ, Riva C. Involvement of bilitranslocase and beta-glucuronidase in the vascular protection by hydroxytyrosol and its glucuronide metabolites in oxidative stress conditions. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 51:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Robles-Almazan M, Pulido-Moran M, Moreno-Fernandez J, Ramirez-Tortosa C, Rodriguez-Garcia C, Quiles JL, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. Hydroxytyrosol: Bioavailability, toxicity, and clinical applications. Food Res Int 2017; 105:654-667. [PMID: 29433260 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many beneficial properties have been attributed to the Mediterranean diet. Over the years, researchers have attempted to learn which foods and which food components are responsible for good health. One of these components is hydroxytyrosol, an important phenolic compound present in olive oil. Hydroxytyrosol is a molecule of high interest to the pharmaceutical industry due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial qualities its role against cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome and for its neuroprotection, antitumour, and chemo modulation effects. The interest in this molecule has led to wide research on its biological activities, its beneficial effects in humans and how to synthetize new molecules from hydroxytyrosol. This review describes the vast range of information about hydroxytyrosol, focusing on its involvement in biological mechanisms and modulation effects on different pathologies. This review also serves to highlight the role of hydroxytyrosol as a nutraceutical and as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Robles-Almazan
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Avenida del Ejército Español, 10, Jaén 23007, Spain
| | - Mario Pulido-Moran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Cesar Ramirez-Tortosa
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Avenida del Ejército Español, 10, Jaén 23007, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodriguez-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Jose L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - MCarmen Ramirez-Tortosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain.
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Long-term effects of pre-pubertal fluoxetine on behaviour and monoaminergic stress response in stress-sensitive rats. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2017; 29:222-235. [PMID: 27819195 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although prescription rates of antidepressants for children and adolescents have increased, concerns have been raised regarding effects on neurodevelopment and long-term outcome. Using a genetic animal model of depression, this study investigated the long-term effects of pre-pubertal administration of fluoxetine (FLX) on depressive-like behaviour in early adulthood, as well as on central monoaminergic response to an acute stressor. We postulated that pre-pubertal FLX will have lasting effects on animal behaviour and monoaminergic stress responses in early adulthood. METHODS Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats received 10 mg/kg/day FLX subcutaneously from postnatal day 21 (PnD21) to PnD34 (pre-pubertal). Thereafter, following normal housing, rats were either subjected to locomotor testing and the forced swim test (FST) on PnD60 (early adulthood), or underwent surgery for microdialysis, followed on PnD60 by exposure to acute swim stress and measurement of stressor-induced changes in plasma corticosterone and pre-frontal cortical monoamine concentrations. RESULTS Pre-pubertal FLX did not induce a late emergent effect on immobility in FSL rats on PnD60, whereas locomotor activity was significantly decreased. Acute swim stress on PnD60 significantly increased plasma corticosterone levels, and increased pre-frontal cortical norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations. Pre-pubertal FLX significantly blunted the pre-frontal cortical NE and 5-HIAA response following swim stress on PnD60. Baseline dopamine levels were significantly enhanced by pre-pubertal FLX, but no further changes were induced by swim stress. CONCLUSION Pre-pubertal FLX did not have lasting antidepressant-like behavioural effects in genetically susceptible, stress-sensitive FSL rats. However, such treatment reduced locomotor activity, abrogated noradrenergic and serotonergic stressor responses and elevated dopaminergic baseline levels in adulthood.
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38
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Effect of metabolites of hydroxytyrosol on protection against oxidative stress and inflammation in human endothelial cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Muriana FJG, Montserrat-de la Paz S, Lucas R, Bermudez B, Jaramillo S, Morales JC, Abia R, Lopez S. Tyrosol and its metabolites as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory molecules in human endothelial cells. Food Funct 2017; 8:2905-2914. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel biological activities for tyrosol metabolites on human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Lucas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina (CSIC)
- Granada
- Spain
| | - Beatriz Bermudez
- Department of Cell Biology
- School of Biology (University of Seville)
- 41012 Seville
- Spain
| | - Sara Jaramillo
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC)
- Seville
- Spain
| | - Juan C. Morales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina (CSIC)
- Granada
- Spain
| | - Rocio Abia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC)
- Seville
- Spain
| | - Sergio Lopez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC)
- Seville
- Spain
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Robledo P, Tanner JA, Boronat A, Pérez-Mañá C, Oliver Chen CY, Tyndale RF, de la Torre R. CYP2D6 and CYP2A6 biotransform dietary tyrosol into hydroxytyrosol. Food Chem 2016; 217:716-725. [PMID: 27664690 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dietary phenol tyrosol has been reported to be endogenously transformed into hydroxytyrosol, a potent antioxidant with multiple health benefits. In this work, we evaluated whether tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and cytochrome P450s (CYPs) catalyzed this process. To assess TH involvement, Wistar rats were treated with α-methyl-L-tyrosine and tyrosol. Tyrosol was converted into hydroxytyrosol whilst α-methyl-L-tyrosine did not inhibit the biotransformation. The role of CYP was assessed in human liver microsomes (HLM) and tyrosol-to-hydroxytyrosol conversion was observed. Screening with selective enzymatic CYP inhibitors identified CYP2A6 as the major isoform involved in this process. Studies with baculosomes further demonstrated that CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 could transform tyrosol into hydroxytyrosol. Experiments using human genotyped livers showed an interindividual variability in hydroxytyrosol formation and supported findings that CYP2D6 and CYP2A6 mediated this reaction. The dietary health benefits of tyrosol-containing foods remain to be evaluated in light of CYP pharmacogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Julie-Anne Tanner
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola, Spain.
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola, Spain; Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Boronat A, Kotronoulas A, Pujadas M, Pastor A, Olesti E, Pérez-Mañá C, Khymenets O, Fitó M, Farré M, de la Torre R. Metabolic disposition and biological significance of simple phenols of dietary origin: hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:218-36. [PMID: 27186796 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1179754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol are dietary phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oil and wine. Both compounds are also endogenously synthesized in our body as byproducts of dopamine and tyramine metabolisms, respectively. Over the last decades, research into hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol has experienced an increasing interest due to the role that these compounds may play in the prevention of certain pathologies (e.g. cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer). The translation of promising in vitro and in vivo biological effects from preclinical studies to the context of human disease prevention initially depends on whether the dose ingested becomes available at the site of action. In this regard, information regarding the bioavailability and metabolic disposition of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol is of most importance to evaluate the impact they may have on human health. In this review, we discuss and summarize the state of the art of the scientific evidence regarding the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of both hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. We also examine the impact of these compounds and their metabolites on biological activity in terms of beneficial health effects. Finally, we evaluate the different analytical approaches that have been developed to measure the plasma and urinary levels of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Aristotelis Kotronoulas
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Eulalia Olesti
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,d Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Olha Khymenets
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain ;,e Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,d Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Cerdanyola, Spain ;,f Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Badalona , Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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Pastor A, Rodríguez-Morató J, Olesti E, Pujadas M, Pérez-Mañá C, Khymenets O, Fitó M, Covas MI, Solá R, Motilva MJ, Farré M, de la Torre R. Analysis of free hydroxytyrosol in human plasma following the administration of olive oil. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1437:183-190. [PMID: 26877176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) from olive oil, a potent bioactive molecule with health benefits, has a poor bioavailability, its free form (free HT) being undetectable so far. This fact leads to the controversy whether attained HT concentrations after olive oil polyphenol ingestion are too low to explain the observed biological activities. Due to this, an analytical methodology to determine free HT in plasma is crucial for understanding HT biological activity. Plasma HT instability and low concentrations have been major limitations for its quantification in clinical studies. Here, we describe a method to detect and quantify free HT in human plasma by using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The method encompasses different steps of sample preparation including plasma stabilization, protein precipitation, selective derivatization with benzylamine, and purification by solid-phase extraction. A high sensitivity (LOD, 0.3ng/mL), specificity and stability of HT is achieved following these procedures. The method was validated and its applicability was demonstrated by analyzing human plasma samples after olive oil intake. A pharmacokinetic comparison was performed measuring free HT plasma concentrations following the intake of 25mL of ordinary olive oil (nearly undetectable concentrations) versus an extra-virgin olive oil (Cmax=4.40ng/mL). To our knowledge, this is the first time that an analytical procedure for quantifying free HT in plasma after olive oil dietary doses has been reported. The present methodology opens the door to a better understanding of the relationship between HT plasma concentrations and its beneficial health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eulàlia Olesti
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Olha Khymenets
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María-Isabel Covas
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment), Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden.
| | - Rosa Solá
- NFOC Group, CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - María-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Magí Farré
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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Catalán Ú, López de las Hazas MC, Rubió L, Fernández-Castillejo S, Pedret A, de la Torre R, Motilva MJ, Solà R. Protective effect of hydroxytyrosol and its predominant plasmatic human metabolites against endothelial dysfunction in human aortic endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2523-36. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Úrsula Catalán
- Functional Nutrition; Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut); Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Hospital Universitari Sant Joan; IISPV; Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | | | - Laura Rubió
- Functional Nutrition; Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut); Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Hospital Universitari Sant Joan; IISPV; Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
- Food Technology Department; Universitat de Lleida-AGROTECNIO Center; Lleida Lleida Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Functional Nutrition; Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut); Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Hospital Universitari Sant Joan; IISPV; Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition; Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut); Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Hospital Universitari Sant Joan; IISPV; Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut i de la Vida; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF); Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department; Universitat de Lleida-AGROTECNIO Center; Lleida Lleida Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition; Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut); Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Hospital Universitari Sant Joan; IISPV; Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
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New perspectives on bioactivity of olive oil: evidence from animal models, human interventions and the use of urinary proteomic biomarkers. Proc Nutr Soc 2015; 74:268-81. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665115002323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) is the primary source of fat in the Mediterranean diet and has been associated with longevity and a lower incidence of chronic diseases, particularly CHD. Cardioprotective effects of OO consumption have been widely related with improved lipoprotein profile, endothelial function and inflammation, linked to health claims of oleic acid and phenolic content of OO. With CVD being a leading cause of death worldwide, a review of the potential mechanisms underpinning the impact of OO in the prevention of disease is warranted. The current body of evidence relies on mechanistic studies involving animal and cell-based models, epidemiological studies of OO intake and risk factor, small- and large-scale human interventions, and the emerging use of novel biomarker techniques associated with disease risk. Although model systems are important for mechanistic research nutrition, methodologies and experimental designs with strong translational value are still lacking. The present review critically appraises the available evidence to date, with particular focus on emerging novel biomarkers for disease risk assessment. New perspectives on OO research are outlined, especially those with scope to clarify key mechanisms by which OO consumption exerts health benefits. The use of urinary proteomic biomarkers, as highly specific disease biomarkers, is highlighted towards a higher translational approach involving OO in nutritional recommendations.
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Abstract
Olive oil is considered to be one of the most healthy dietary fats. However, several types of olive oils are present in the market. A key question for the consumer is: What of the olive oils is the best when concerning nutritional purposes? With the data available at present, the answer is: the Virgin Olive Oil (VOO), rich in phenolic compounds. On November 2011, the European Food Safety Authority released a claim concerning the benefits of daily ingestion of olive oil rich in phenolic compounds, such as VOO. In this review, we summarised the key work that has provided the evidence of the benefits of VOO consumption on other types of edible oils, even olive oils. We focused on data from randomised, controlled human studies, which are capable of providing the evidence of Level I that is required for performing nutritional recommendations at population level.
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López de las Hazas MC, Rubió L, Kotronoulas A, de la Torre R, Solà R, Motilva MJ. Dose effect on the uptake and accumulation of hydroxytyrosol and its metabolites in target tissues in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1395-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carmen López de las Hazas
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Aristotelis Kotronoulas
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurociences Research Group; IMIM-Institut, Hospital del Mar d'Investigaciones Mèdiques, Barcelona; Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurociences Research Group; IMIM-Institut, Hospital del Mar d'Investigaciones Mèdiques, Barcelona; Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; REGICOR Study Group, IMIM-Research Institute Hospital del Mar; Barcelona Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosis; CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
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Pérez-Mañá C, Farré M, Pujadas M, Mustata C, Menoyo E, Pastor A, Langohr K, de la Torre R. Ethanol induces hydroxytyrosol formation in humans. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Crespo MC, Tomé-Carneiro J, Burgos-Ramos E, Loria Kohen V, Espinosa MI, Herranz J, Visioli F. One-week administration of hydroxytyrosol to humans does not activate Phase II enzymes. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:132-7. [PMID: 25836918 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The notion that (poly)phenols act as direct free radical scavengers is being challenged by mere chemical and biochemical considerations such as bioavailability and intracellular concentrations. An alternative hypothesis that is gaining considerable traction is that (poly)phenols are processed by the body as xenobiotics via the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling axis, leading to the induction of Phase II enzymes. However, there are no solid human data to confirm this interesting supposition. In this study, we tested the activities of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on Phase II enzymes' expression in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. We tested two HT doses, i.e. 5 and 25mg/d, vs. placebo following a Latin square design. We report that HT is well tolerated but does not significantly modify Phase II enzyme expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, we were unable to record significant effects on a variety of surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease such as lipid profile and inflammation and oxidation markers. Available evidence indicates that the "hormesis hypothesis" that (poly)phenols activate Phase II enzymes requires solid human confirmation that might be provided by future trials. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02273622).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria Kohen
- Unidad de Nutrición y Ensayos Clínicos, Plataforma Genyal, IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Espinosa
- Unidad de Nutrición y Ensayos Clínicos, Plataforma Genyal, IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Herranz
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
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