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Ali IH, Hassan RM, El Kerdawy AM, Abo-Elfadl MT, Abdallah HMI, Sciandra F, Ghannam IAY. Novel thiazolidin-4-one benzenesulfonamide hybrids as PPARγ agonists: Design, synthesis and in vivo anti-diabetic evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116279. [PMID: 38460271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, two series of novel thiazolidin-4-one benzenesulfonamide arylidene hybrids 9a-l and 10a-f were designed, synthesized and tested in vitro for their PPARɣ agonistic activity. The phenethyl thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamide 9l showed the highest PPARɣ activation % by 41.7%. Whereas, the 3-methoxy- and 4-methyl-4-benzyloxy thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamides 9i, and 9k revealed moderate PPARɣ activation % of 31.7, and 32.8%, respectively, in addition, the 3-methoxy-3-benzyloxy thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamide 10d showed PPARɣ activation % of 33.7% compared to pioglitazone. Compounds 9b, 9i, 9k, 9l, and 10d revealed higher selectivity to PPARɣ over the PPARδ, and PPARα isoforms. An immunohistochemical study was performed in HepG-2 cells to confirm the PPARɣ protein expression for the most active compounds. Compounds 9i, 9k, and 10d showed higher PPARɣ expression than that of pioglitazone. Pharmacological studies were also performed to determine the anti-diabetic activity in rats at a dose of 36 mg/kg, and it was revealed that compounds 9i and 10d improved insulin secretion as well as anti-diabetic effects. The 3-methoxy-4-benzyloxy thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamide 9i showed a better anti-diabetic activity than pioglitazone. Moreover, it showed a rise in blood insulin by 4-folds and C-peptide levels by 48.8%, as well as improved insulin sensitivity. Moreover, compound 9i improved diabetic complications as evidenced by decreasing liver serum enzymes, restoration of total protein and kidney functions. Besides, it combated oxidative stress status and exerted anti-hyperlipidemic effect. Compound 9i showed a superior activity by normalizing some parameters and amelioration of pancreatic, hepatic, and renal histopathological alterations caused by STZ-induction of diabetes. Molecular docking studies, molecular dynamic simulations, and protein ligand interaction analysis were also performed for the newly synthesized compounds to investigate their predicted binding pattern and energies in PPARɣ binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam H Ali
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Hassan
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud T Abo-Elfadl
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M I Abdallah
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC (CNR) Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Iman A Y Ghannam
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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2
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Yin L, Wang L, Shi Z, Ji X, Liu L. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and Atherosclerosis: Post-translational Modification and Selective Modulators. Front Physiol 2022; 13:826811. [PMID: 35309069 PMCID: PMC8924581 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.826811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the hallmark of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is a leading cause of death in type 2 diabetes patients, and glycemic control is not beneficial in reducing the potential risk of CVD. Clinically, it was shown that Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists, are insulin sensitizers with reducing risk of CVD, while the potential adverse effects, such as weight gain, fluid retention, bone loss, and cardiovascular risk, restricts its use in diabetic treatment. PPARγ, a ligand-activated nuclear receptor, has shown to play a crucial role in anti-atherosclerosis by promoting cholesterol efflux, repressing monocytes infiltrating into the vascular intima under endothelial layer, their transformation into macrophages, and inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation as well as migration. The selective activation of subsets of PPARγ targets, such as through PPARγ post-translational modification, is thought to improve the safety profile of PPARγ agonists. Here, this review focuses on the significance of PPARγ activity regulation (selective activation and post-translational modification) in the occurrence, development and treatment of atherosclerosis, and further clarifies the value of PPARγ as a safe therapeutic target for anti-atherosclerosis especially in diabetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Yin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai East Hospital (East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University), Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zunhan Shi
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Ji
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Longhua Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Longhua Liu,
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Silva JC, Bavestrello M, Gazzola V, Spinella G, Pane B, Grasselli E, Demori I, Canesi L, Emionite L, Cilli M, Buschiazzo A, Sambuceti G, Pitta IR, Pitta MG, Perego P, Palombo D, Abdalla DSP. Ischemia-reperfusion damage is attenuated by GQ-11, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α/γ agonist, after aorta clamping in rats. Life Sci 2022; 297:120468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Poznyak AV, Nikiforov NG, Starodubova AV, Popkova TV, Orekhov AN. Macrophages and Foam Cells: Brief Overview of Their Role, Linkage, and Targeting Potential in Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091221. [PMID: 34572406 PMCID: PMC8468383 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is still one of the main causes of death around the globe. This condition leads to various life-threatening cardiovascular complications. However, no effective preventive measures are known apart from lifestyle corrections, and no cure has been developed. Despite numerous studies in the field of atherogenesis, there are still huge gaps in already poor understanding of mechanisms that underlie the disease. Inflammation and lipid metabolism violations are undoubtedly the key players, but many other factors, such as oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This overview is focusing on the role of macrophages in atherogenesis, which are at the same time a part of the inflammatory response, and also tightly linked to the foam cell formation, thus taking part in both crucial for atherogenesis processes. Being essentially involved in atherosclerosis development, macrophages and foam cells have attracted attention as a promising target for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Skolkovo Innovative Center, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
- Medical Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Popkova
- V.A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 34A Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Skolkovo Innovative Center, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
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5
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Qin YS, Li H, Wang SZ, Wang ZB, Tang CK. Microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4: A promising target in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:86-97. [PMID: 34289095 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4), an important member of the serine/threonine kinase family, regulates the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins and thus modulates microtubule dynamics. In human atherosclerotic lesions, the expression of MARK4 is significantly increased. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that MARK4 exerts a proatherogenic effect via regulation of lipid metabolism (cholesterol, fatty acid, and triglyceride), inflammation, cell cycle progression and proliferation, insulin signaling, and glucose homeostasis, white adipocyte browning, and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the latest findings regarding the role of MARK4 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to provide a rationale for future investigation and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Qin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Medical Instrument and equipment technology laboratory of Hengyang medical college, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Medical Instrument and equipment technology laboratory of Hengyang medical college, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zong-Bao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Medical Instrument and equipment technology laboratory of Hengyang medical college, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Alaaeddine RA, Elzahhar PA, AlZaim I, Abou-Kheir W, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. The Emerging Role of COX-2, 15-LOX and PPARγ in Metabolic Diseases and Cancer: An Introduction to Novel Multi-target Directed Ligands (MTDLs). Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2260-2300. [PMID: 32867639 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200820173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an intertwining framework for the involvement of different inflammatory pathways in a common pathological background for a number of disorders. Of importance are pathways involving arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Both enzyme activities and their products are implicated in a range of pathophysiological processes encompassing metabolic impairment leading to adipose inflammation and the subsequent vascular and neurological disorders, in addition to various pro- and antitumorigenic effects. A further layer of complexity is encountered by the disparate, and often reciprocal, modulatory effect COX-2 and 15-LOX activities and metabolites exert on each other or on other cellular targets, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Thus, effective therapeutic intervention with such multifaceted disorders requires the simultaneous modulation of more than one target. Here, we describe the role of COX-2, 15-LOX, and PPARγ in cancer and complications of metabolic disorders, highlight the value of designing multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) modifying their activity, and summarizing the available literature regarding the rationale and feasibility of design and synthesis of these ligands together with their known biological effects. We speculate on the potential impact of MTDLs in these disorders as well as emphasize the need for structured future effort to translate these early results facilitating the adoption of these, and similar, molecules in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Javadifar A, Rastgoo S, Banach M, Jamialahmadi T, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Foam Cells as Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis with a Focus on the Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052529. [PMID: 33802600 PMCID: PMC7961492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of human cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality around the world. Various physiological and pathological processes are involved, including chronic inflammation, dysregulation of lipid metabolism, development of an environment characterized by oxidative stress and improper immune responses. Accordingly, the expansion of novel targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis is necessary. In this study, we focus on the role of foam cells in the development of atherosclerosis. The specific therapeutic goals associated with each stage in the formation of foam cells and the development of atherosclerosis will be considered. Processing and metabolism of cholesterol in the macrophage is one of the main steps in foam cell formation. Cholesterol processing involves lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification and cholesterol efflux, which ultimately leads to cholesterol equilibrium in the macrophage. Recently, many preclinical studies have appeared concerning the role of non-encoding RNAs in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Non-encoding RNAs, especially microRNAs, are considered regulators of lipid metabolism by affecting the expression of genes involved in the uptake (e.g., CD36 and LOX1) esterification (ACAT1) and efflux (ABCA1, ABCG1) of cholesterol. They are also able to regulate inflammatory pathways, produce cytokines and mediate foam cell apoptosis. We have reviewed important preclinical evidence of their therapeutic targeting in atherosclerosis, with a special focus on foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Javadifar
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; (A.J.); (S.R.)
| | - Sahar Rastgoo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; (A.J.); (S.R.)
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, 93338 Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); or (A.S.); Tel.: +98-5118002288 (M.B. & A.S.); Fax: +98-5118002287 (M.B. & A.S.)
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan 9479176135, Iran;
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA;
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); or (A.S.); Tel.: +98-5118002288 (M.B. & A.S.); Fax: +98-5118002287 (M.B. & A.S.)
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Atheroprotective effects of 17β-oestradiol are mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:e118-e126. [PMID: 32665986 PMCID: PMC7339869 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2020.96103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction 17β-oestradiol (E2) mediates vasculoprotection in various preclinical and clinical models of atherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are still not fully elucidated. Previous studies have demonstrated the essential role of the peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-γ (PPARγ) in mediating vasculoprotective effects of E2 in vivo. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether PPARγ mediates vasculoprotective mechanisms of E2 in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC). Material and methods Primary HCASMC were stimulated with E2 (10 nM), the selective oestrogen receptor α (ERα) agonist propylpyrazole triol (PPT) (50 nM) and the selective ERα antagonist methyl-piperidino-pyrazole (MPP) (1 µM), respectively. Changes in PPARγ mRNA, protein expression, and DNA binding affinity were assessed. Results E2 significantly increased PPARγ expression in HCASMC (1.95 ±0.41-fold; n = 5; p = 0.0335). This effect was mimicked by ERα agonist PPT (1.63 ±0.27-fold; n = 7; p = 0.0489) and was abrogated by co-incubation with ERα antagonist MPP (1.17 ±0.18-fold; n = 3; pvs. control > 0.05). PPARγ-DNA binding activity to PPRE remained unchanged upon stimulation with E2 (0.94 ±0.11-fold; n = 4; pvs. control > 0.05). Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/Akt by LY294002 abrogated E2-induced expression of PPARγ (0.24 ±0.09-fold; n = 3; pvs. E2 = 0.0017). Conclusions The present study identifies PPARγ as an important downstream mediator of E2-related atheroprotective effects in HCASMC. PPARγ agonism might be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent neointimal hyperplasia and consecutive cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women with depleted E2 plasma levels.
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Silva JC, Pitta MG, Pitta IR, Koh TJ, Abdalla DS. New Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonist (GQ-11) Improves Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:417-428. [PMID: 31440419 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chronic wounds associated with diabetes are an important public health problem demanding new treatments to improve wound healing and decrease amputations. Monocytes/macrophages play a key role in sustained inflammation associated with impaired healing and local administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonists may modulate macrophage, improving healing. In this study, we investigated the effects of GQ-11, a partial/dual PPARα/γ agonist, on macrophage function and wound healing in diabetes. Approach: Wounds were surgically induced at the dorsum of C57BL/6J and BKS.Cg-Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/J (db/db) mice and treated with hydrogel (vehicle), pioglitazone or GQ-11, for 7 or 10 days, respectively. After treatment, wounds were analyzed histologically and by quantitative PCR (qPCR). In addition, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were cultured from C57BL/6J mice and treated with vehicle, pioglitazone, or GQ-11, after challenge with lipopolysaccharide or interleukin-4 to be analyzed by qPCR and flow cytometry. Results: GQ-11 treatment upregulated anti-inflammatory/pro-healing factors and downregulated pro-inflammatory factors both in wounds of db/db mice and in BMDM. Innovation: Wounds of db/db mice treated with GQ-11 exhibited faster wound closure and re-epithelization, increased collagen deposition, and less Mac-3 staining compared with vehicle, providing a new approach to treatment of diabetic wound healing to prevent complications. Conclusion: GQ-11 improves wound healing in db/db mice, regulating the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and wound growth factors, leading to increased re-epithelization and collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline C. Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina G.R. Pitta
- Core of Therapeutic Innovation, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ivan R. Pitta
- Core of Therapeutic Innovation, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Timothy J. Koh
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dulcineia S.P. Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Liu J, Yao Q, Xiao L, Ma W, Li F, Lai B, Wang N. PPARγ induces NEDD4 gene expression to promote autophagy and insulin action. FEBS J 2019; 287:529-545. [PMID: 31423749 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4 (NEDD4) plays a crucial role in governing a number of signaling pathways, including insulin and autophagy signaling. However, the molecular mechanism by which NEDD4 gene is transcriptionally regulated has not been fully elucidated. Here, we reported that NEDD4 mRNA and protein levels were increased by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in HepG2 hepatocytes. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abolished thiazolidinedione (TZD)-induced NEDD4 expression. ChIP and luciferase reporter assays showed that PPARγ directly bound to the potential PPAR-responsive elements (PPREs) within the promoter region of the human NEDD4 gene. In addition, TZDs increased Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake, which were abrogated through NEDD4 depletion. Furthermore, we showed that NEDD4-mediated autophagy induction and Akt phosphorylation were suppressed by oleic acid and high glucose treatment, activation of PPARγ successfully prevented this suppression. In conclusion, these results suggest that PPARγ plays a novel role in linking glucose metabolism and protein homeostasis through NEDD4-mediated effects on the autophagy machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Fan Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Baochang Lai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China
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11
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Komegae EN, Fonseca MT, da Silveira Cruz-Machado S, Turato WM, Filgueiras LR, Markus RP, Steiner AA. Site-Specific Reprogramming of Macrophage Responsiveness to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide in Obesity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1496. [PMID: 31316525 PMCID: PMC6611339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which obesity may alter immune responses to pathogens are poorly understood. The present study assessed whether the intrinsic responsiveness of resident macrophages to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is reprogrammed in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Macrophages from adipose tissue, lung alveoli, and the peritoneal cavity were extracted from obese rats on a HFD or from their lean counterparts, and subsequently studied in culture under identical conditions. CD45+/CD68+ cells (macrophages) were abundant in all cultures, and became the main producers of TNF-α upon LPS stimulation. But although all macrophage subpopulations responded to LPS with an M1-like profile of cytokine secretion, the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio was the lowest in adipose tissue macrophages, the highest in alveolar macrophages, and intermediary in peritoneal macrophages. What is more, diet exerted qualitatively distinct effects on the cytokine responses to LPS, with obesity switching adipose tissue macrophages to a more pro-inflammatory program and peritoneal macrophages to a less pro-inflammatory program, while not affecting alveolar macrophages. Such reprogramming was not associated with changes in the inflammasome-dependent secretion of IL-1β. The study further shows that the effects of diet on TNF-α/IL-10 ratios were linked to distinct patterns of NF-κB accumulation in the nucleus: while RelA was the NF-κB subunit most impacted by obesity in adipose tissue macrophages, cRel was the subunit affected in peritoneal macrophages. It is concluded that obesity causes dissimilar, site-specific changes in the responsiveness of resident macrophages to bacterial LPS. Such plasticity opens new avenues of investigation into the mechanisms linking obesity to pathogen-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evilin N Komegae
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monique T Fonseca
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Walter M Turato
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano R Filgueiras
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina P Markus
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Steiner
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Elzahhar PA, Alaaeddine R, Ibrahim TM, Nassra R, Ismail A, Chua BS, Frkic RL, Bruning JB, Wallner N, Knape T, von Knethen A, Labib H, El-Yazbi AF, Belal AS. Shooting three inflammatory targets with a single bullet: Novel multi-targeting anti-inflammatory glitazones. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:562-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Mao L, Wang M, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Xue C. Eicosapentaenoic acid-containing phosphatidylcholine promotes osteogenesis:mechanism of up-regulating Runx2 and ERK-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ at serine 112. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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14
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Takahashi S, Waki N, Mohri S, Takahashi H, Ara T, Aizawa K, Suganuma H, Kawada T, Goto T. Apo-12'-lycopenal, a Lycopene Metabolite, Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13152-13161. [PMID: 30449105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Apo-lycopenals, lycopene metabolites produced by an initial cleavage by β,β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase, exhibit diverse biologically active effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of apo-lycopenals on the activation of nuclear receptors involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Only apo-12'-lycopenal exhibited selective and dose-dependent transactivation activity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), whereas neither apo-6'- nor apo-8'-lycopenals displayed this activity ((7.83 ± 0.66)-, (1.32 ± 0.10)-, and (1.31 ± 0.37)-fold higher activity relative to control, respectively). Additionally, apo-12'-lycopenal promoted adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and subsequently increased the mRNA levels of PPARγ (a (2.36 ± 0.07)-fold increase relative to control; p < 0.01) and its target genes, as well as enhanced adiponectin secretion (a (3.25 ± 0.27)-fold increase relative to control; p < 0.01) and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (1486 ± 85 pmol/well; p < 0.001) in 3T3-L1 cells. Our results indicated that apo-12'-lycopenal promoted adipocyte differentiation by direct binding and activation of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takahashi
- Nature & Wellness Department, Innovation Division , Kagome Co., Ltd. , Nasushiobara , Tochigi 329-2762 , Japan
| | - Naoko Waki
- Nature & Wellness Department, Innovation Division , Kagome Co., Ltd. , Nasushiobara , Tochigi 329-2762 , Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mohri
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Ara
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Nature & Wellness Department, Innovation Division , Kagome Co., Ltd. , Nasushiobara , Tochigi 329-2762 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Nature & Wellness Department, Innovation Division , Kagome Co., Ltd. , Nasushiobara , Tochigi 329-2762 , Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
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15
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Kong Y, Gao Y, Lan D, Zhang Y, Zhan R, Liu M, Zhu Z, Zeng G, Huang Q. Trans-repression of NFκB pathway mediated by PPARγ improves vascular endothelium insulin resistance. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:216-226. [PMID: 30398029 PMCID: PMC6307800 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous study has shown that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improved endothelium insulin resistance (IR) induced by high glucose concentration (HG)/hyperglycaemia through a PPARγ‐dependent‐NFκB trans‐repression mechanism. However, it is unclear, whether changes in PPARγ expression affect the endothelium IR and what the underlying mechanism is. In the present study, we aimed to address this issue. HG‐treated human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) were transfected by either PPARγ‐overexpressing (Ad‐PPARγ) or PPARγ‐shRNA‐containing (Ad‐PPARγ‐shRNA) adenoviral vectors. Likewise, the rats fed by high‐fat diet (HFD) were infected by intravenous administration of Ad‐PPARγ or Ad‐PPARγ‐shRNA. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and cytokines (TNFα, IL‐6, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1) and the expression levels of PPARγ, eNOS, AKT, p‐AKT, IKKα/β and p‐IKKα/β and IκBα were examined; and the interaction between PPARγ and NFκB‐P65 as well as vascular function were evaluated. Our present results showed that overexpression of PPARγ notably increased the levels of NO, eNOS, p‐AKT and IκBα as well as the interaction of PPARγ and NFκB‐P65, and decreased the levels of ET‐1, p‐IKKα/β, TNFα, IL‐6, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1. In contrast, down‐expression of PPARγ displayed the opposite effects. The results demonstrate that the overexpression of PPARγ improves while the down‐expression worsens the endothelium IR via a PPARγ‐mediated NFκB trans‐repression dependent manner. The findings suggest PPARγ is a potential therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongyi Lan
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rixin Zhan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meiqi Liu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhouan Zhu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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16
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CMHX008, a PPARγ partial agonist, enhances insulin sensitivity with minor influences on bone loss. Genes Dis 2018; 5:290-299. [PMID: 30320193 PMCID: PMC6176219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional thiazolidinediones (TZDs), such as rosiglitazone, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) potent agonists that can be used to treat type 2 diabetes but carry unwanted effects, including increased risk for fracture. The present work aimed to compare the insulin-sensitizing efficacies and bone-loss side effects of CMHX008, a novel TZDs-like PPARγ partial agonist, with those of rosiglitazone. A TR-FRET PPARγ competitive binding assay was used to compare the binding affinity between CMHX008 and rosiglitazone. Mice were administered vehicle, CMHX008 or rosiglitazone for 16 weeks. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used to examine differences in differentiation into osteoblasts after compounds treatment. TR-FRET showed lower affinity to PPARγ by CMHX008 compared with rosiglitazone. Mice treated with CMHX008 showed insulin sensitization similar to that of mice treated with rosiglitazone, which was related to the significant inhibition of PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation and improved insulin sensitivity by facilitating the phosphorylation of insulin receptor and Akt in adipose tissues. Micro-CT and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated that the degree of trabecular bone loss after treatment with CMHX008 was weaker than that observed with rosiglitazone, as evidenced by consistent changes in BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp, and the mineral apposition rate. MSCs treated with CMHX008 showed higher ALP activity and mRNA levels of bone formation markers than did cells treated with rosiglitazone in the osteoblast differentiation test. Thus, CMHX008 showed insulin-sensitizing effects similar to those of rosiglitazone with a lower risk of bone loss, suggesting that PPARγ sparing eliminates the skeletal side effects of TZDs while maintaining their insulin-sensitizing properties.
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17
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Silva JC, de Oliveira EM, Turato WM, Trossini GHG, Maltarollo VG, Pitta MGR, Pitta IR, de Las Heras B, Boscá L, Rudnicki M, Abdalla DSP. GQ-11: A new PPAR agonist improves obesity-induced metabolic alterations in LDLr -/- mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1062-1072. [PMID: 29453462 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and insulin resistance/diabetes are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and demand safe and efficacious therapeutics. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of a new thiazolidine compound-GQ-11-on obesity and insulin resistance induced by a diabetogenic diet in LDL receptor-deficient (LDLr-/-) mice. METHODS Molecular docking simulations of GQ-11, PPARα and PPARγ structures were performed. Male C57BL/6J LDLr-/- mice fed a diabetogenic diet for 24 weeks were treated with vehicle, GQ-11 or pioglitazone or (20 mg/kg/day) for 28 days by oral gavage. Glucose tolerance test, insulin, HOMA-IR, adipokines (leptin, adiponectin) and the lipid profile were assessed after treatment. Adipose tissue was analysed by X-ray analysis and morphometry; gene and protein expression were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS GQ-11 showed partial agonism to PPARγ and PPARα. In vivo, treatment with GQ-11 ameliorated insulin sensitivity and did not modify subcutaneous adipose tissue and body weight gain. In addition, GQ-11 restored adipokine imbalance induced by a diabetogenic diet and enhanced Glut-4 expression in the adipose tissue. Improved insulin sensitivity was also associated with lower levels of MCP-1 and higher levels of IL-10. Furthermore, GQ-11 reduced triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol by upregulation of Apoa1 and Abca1 gene expression in the liver. CONCLUSION GQ-11 is a partial/dual PPARα/γ agonist that demonstrates anti-diabetic effects. Additionally, it improves the lipid profile and ameliorates chronic inflammation associated with obesity in atherosclerosis-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline C Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson M de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Walter M Turato
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H G Trossini
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius G Maltarollo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina G R Pitta
- Core of Therapeutic Innovation, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ivan R Pitta
- Core of Therapeutic Innovation, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Las Heras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Rudnicki
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dulcineia S P Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Campos ML, Cerqueira LB, Silva BCU, Franchin TB, Galdino-Pitta MR, Pitta IR, Peccinini RG, Pontarolo R. New Pioglitazone Metabolites and Absence of Opened-Ring Metabolites in New N-Substituted Thiazolidinedione. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:879-887. [PMID: 29618574 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, several safety concerns remain regarding the available drugs in this class. Therefore, the search for new TZD candidates is ongoing; metabolism studies play a crucial step in the development of new candidates. Pioglitazone, one of the most commonly used TZDs, and GQ-11, a new N-substituted TZD, were investigated in terms of their metabolic activity in rat and human liver microsomes to assess their metabolic stability and investigate their metabolites. Methods for preparation of samples were based on liquid-liquid extraction and protein precipitation. Quantitation was performed using liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry, and the metabolite investigation was performed using ultraperformance LC coupled to a hybrid quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer. The predicted intrinsic clearance of GQ-11 was 70.3 and 46.1 ml/kg per minute for rats and humans, respectively. The predicted intrinsic clearance of pioglitazone was 24.1 and 15.9 ml/kg per minute for rats and humans, respectively. The pioglitazone metabolite investigation revealed two unpublished metabolites (M-D and M-A). M-A is a hydration product and may be related to the mechanism of ring opening and the toxicity of pioglitazone. The metabolites of GQ-11 are products of oxidation; no ring-opening metabolite was observed for GQ-11. In conclusion, under the same experimental conditions, a ring-opening metabolite was observed only for pioglitazone. The resistance of GQ-11 to the ring opening is probably related to N-substitution in the TZD ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Leandro Campos
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil (M.L.C., L.B.C., R.P.); Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, São Paulo University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil (B.C.U.S., T.B.F., R.G.P.); and Laboratory of Design and Drug Synthesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil (M.R.G.-P., I.R.P.)
| | - Letícia Bonancio Cerqueira
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil (M.L.C., L.B.C., R.P.); Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, São Paulo University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil (B.C.U.S., T.B.F., R.G.P.); and Laboratory of Design and Drug Synthesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil (M.R.G.-P., I.R.P.)
| | - Bruna Cristina Ulian Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil (M.L.C., L.B.C., R.P.); Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, São Paulo University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil (B.C.U.S., T.B.F., R.G.P.); and Laboratory of Design and Drug Synthesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil (M.R.G.-P., I.R.P.)
| | - Taísa Busaranho Franchin
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil (M.L.C., L.B.C., R.P.); Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, São Paulo University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil (B.C.U.S., T.B.F., R.G.P.); and Laboratory of Design and Drug Synthesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil (M.R.G.-P., I.R.P.)
| | - Marina Rocha Galdino-Pitta
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil (M.L.C., L.B.C., R.P.); Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, São Paulo University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil (B.C.U.S., T.B.F., R.G.P.); and Laboratory of Design and Drug Synthesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil (M.R.G.-P., I.R.P.)
| | - Ivan Rocha Pitta
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil (M.L.C., L.B.C., R.P.); Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, São Paulo University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil (B.C.U.S., T.B.F., R.G.P.); and Laboratory of Design and Drug Synthesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil (M.R.G.-P., I.R.P.)
| | - Rosângela Gonçalves Peccinini
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil (M.L.C., L.B.C., R.P.); Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, São Paulo University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil (B.C.U.S., T.B.F., R.G.P.); and Laboratory of Design and Drug Synthesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil (M.R.G.-P., I.R.P.)
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil (M.L.C., L.B.C., R.P.); Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, São Paulo University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil (B.C.U.S., T.B.F., R.G.P.); and Laboratory of Design and Drug Synthesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil (M.R.G.-P., I.R.P.)
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Molecular docking, 3D-QSAR and structural optimization on imidazo-pyridine derivatives dually targeting AT1 and PPARg. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25612-25627. [PMID: 28445965 PMCID: PMC5421955 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Telmisartan, a bifunctional agent of blood pressure lowering and glycemia reduction, was previously reported to antagonize angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor and partially activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) simultaneously. Through the modification to telmisartan, researchers designed and obtained imidazo-\pyridine derivatives with the IC50s of 0.49∼94.1 nM against AT1 and EC50s of 20∼3640 nM towards PPARγ partial activation. For minutely inquiring the interaction modes with the relevant receptor and analyzing the structure-activity relationships, molecular docking and 3D-QSAR (Quantitative structure-activity relationships) analysis of these imidazo-\pyridines on dual targets were conducted in this work. Docking approaches of these derivatives with both receptors provided explicit interaction behaviors and excellent matching degree with the binding pockets. The best CoMFA (Comparative Molecular Field Analysis) models exhibited predictive results of q2=0.553, r2=0.954, SEE=0.127, r2pred=0.779 for AT1 and q2=0.503, r2=1.00, SEE=0.019, r2pred=0.604 for PPARγ, respectively. The contour maps from the optimal model showed detailed information of structural features (steric and electrostatic fields) towards the biological activity. Combining the bioisosterism with the valuable information from above studies, we designed six molecules with better predicted activities towards AT1 and PPARγ partial activation. Overall, these results could be useful for designing potential dual AT1 antagonists and partial PPARγ agonists.
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20
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Peng H, Rui J, Zhang Z, Wang S, Li Z. WSF-P-1, a novel AMPK activator, promotes adiponectin multimerization in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1529-1535. [PMID: 28608766 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1336923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipokine with insulin-sensitizing effect, is secreted from adipocytes into circulation as high, medium, and low molecular weight forms (HMW, MMW, and LMW). The HMW adiponectin oligomers possess the most potent insulin-sensitizing activity. WSF-P-1(N-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-7H-2,4α-methanonaphthalen-7-amine) is derived from natural sesquiterpene longifolene by chemical modifications. We found that WSF-P-1 activates AMPK in both 3T3-L1 adipocytes and 293T cells in this study. Activation of AMPK by WSF-P-1 promotes the assembly of HMW adiponectin and increases the HMW/total ratio of adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We demonstrated that the Ca2+-dependent CaMKK signaling pathway is involved in WSF-P-1-induced AMPK activation and adiponectin multimerization. WSF-P-1 also activates GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, making it a potential drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- a MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics , School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Yudian Zhang
- a MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics , School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- b College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Han Peng
- b College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jian Rui
- b College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- c Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Shifa Wang
- b College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,d School of Life Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Zhen Li
- a MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics , School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing , China.,d School of Life Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
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Gómez-Hernández A, Beneit N, Díaz-Castroverde S, Escribano Ó. Differential Role of Adipose Tissues in Obesity and Related Metabolic and Vascular Complications. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:1216783. [PMID: 27766104 PMCID: PMC5059561 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1216783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the contribution of white, brown, and perivascular adipose tissues to the pathophysiology of obesity and its associated metabolic and vascular complications. Weight gain in obesity generates excess of fat, usually visceral fat, and activates the inflammatory response in the adipocytes and then in other tissues such as liver. Therefore, low systemic inflammation responsible for insulin resistance contributes to atherosclerotic process. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between body mass index and brown adipose tissue activity has been described. For these reasons, in recent years, in order to combat obesity and its related complications, as a complement to conventional treatments, a new insight is focusing on the role of the thermogenic function of brown and perivascular adipose tissues as a promising therapy in humans. These lines of knowledge are focused on the design of new drugs, or other approaches, in order to increase the mass and/or activity of brown adipose tissue or the browning process of beige cells from white adipose tissue. These new treatments may contribute not only to reduce obesity but also to prevent highly prevalent complications such as type 2 diabetes and other vascular alterations, such as hypertension or atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Beneit
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabela Díaz-Castroverde
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Is the Mouse a Good Model of Human PPARγ-Related Metabolic Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081236. [PMID: 27483259 PMCID: PMC5000634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing number of patients affected with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, academic researchers and pharmaceutical companies are eager to better understand metabolic syndrome and develop new drugs for its treatment. Many studies have focused on the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which plays a crucial role in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. These studies have been able to connect this transcription factor to several human metabolic diseases. Due to obvious limitations concerning experimentation in humans, animal models—mainly mouse models—have been generated to investigate the role of PPARγ in different tissues. This review focuses on the metabolic features of human and mouse PPARγ-related diseases and the utility of the mouse as a model.
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