1
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Miura K, Doi T, Umedera K, Nakamura H. Discovery of sp 3-rich diazatricycloundecanes as lysosomotropic autophagy inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 280:116923. [PMID: 39378825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
We have discovered lysosomotropic autophagy inhibitors from our compound library of sp3-rich diazatricycloundecane skeletons. Compound 1u was identified as the most potent biological activity for LC3-II protein accumulation through the structure-activity relationships (SARs) for LC3-II protein accumulation and anti-proliferative activity at the three freely available substituents (R1-R3) in the diazatricycloundecane skeleton. Compound 1u inhibited lysosome-dependent degradation without affecting autophagosome formation. Furthermore, compound 1u enlarged lysosomes and raised lysosomal pH similar to lysosomotropic agents such as chloroquine, resulting in inhibiting late-stage autophagy by inducing lysosomal dysfunction. Moreover, compound 1u exhibits excellent drug-like chemical properties, not previously reported for lysosomotropic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Doi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Umedera
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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2
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Lauridsen AR, Skorda A, Winther NI, Bay ML, Kallunki T. Why make it if you can take it: review on extracellular cholesterol uptake and its importance in breast and ovarian cancers. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:254. [PMID: 39243069 PMCID: PMC11378638 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is essential for healthy mammalian cells and dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. Cancer cells are dependent on cholesterol. Malignant progression is associated with high cellular demand for cholesterol, and extracellular cholesterol uptake is often elevated in cancer cell to meet its metabolic needs. Tumors take up cholesterol from the blood stream through their vasculature. Breast cancer grows in, and ovarian cancer metastasizes into fatty tissue that provides them with an additional source of cholesterol. High levels of extracellular cholesterol are beneficial for tumors whose cancer cells master the uptake of extracellular cholesterol. In this review we concentrate on cholesterol uptake mechanisms, receptor-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis, and how these are utilized and manipulated by cancer cells to overcome their possible intrinsic or pharmacological limitations in cholesterol synthesis. We focus especially on the involvement of lysosomes in cholesterol uptake. Identifying the vulnerabilities of cholesterol metabolism and manipulating them could provide novel efficient therapeutic strategies for treatment of cancers that manifest dependency for extracellular cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Røssberg Lauridsen
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Aikaterini Skorda
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Nuggi Ingholt Winther
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Marie Lund Bay
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Tandon A, Santura A, Waldmann H, Pahl A, Czodrowski P. Identification of lysosomotropism using explainable machine learning and morphological profiling cell painting data. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2677-2691. [PMID: 39149097 PMCID: PMC11324048 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomotropism is a phenomenon of diverse pharmaceutical interests because it is a property of compounds with diverse chemical structures and primary targets. While it is primarily reported to be caused by compounds having suitable lipophilicity and basicity values, not all compounds that fulfill such criteria are in fact lysosomotropic. Here, we use morphological profiling by means of the cell painting assay (CPA) as a reliable surrogate to identify lysosomotropism. We noticed that only 35% of the compound subset with matching physicochemical properties show the lysosomotropic phenotype. Based on a matched molecular pair analysis (MMPA), no key substructures driving lysosomotropism could be identified. However, using explainable machine learning (XML), we were able to highlight that higher lipophilicity, basicity, molecular weight, and lower topological polar surface area are among the important properties that induce lysosomotropism in the compounds of this subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishvarya Tandon
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 Dortmund Germany
| | - Anna Santura
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 Dortmund Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 Dortmund Germany
| | - Paul Czodrowski
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
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4
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Mulligan RJ, Magaj MM, Digilio L, Redemann S, Yap CC, Winckler B. Collapse of late endosomal pH elicits a rapid Rab7 response via the V-ATPase and RILP. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261765. [PMID: 38578235 PMCID: PMC11166203 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Endosomal-lysosomal trafficking is accompanied by the acidification of endosomal compartments by the H+-V-ATPase to reach low lysosomal pH. Disruption of the correct pH impairs lysosomal function and the balance of protein synthesis and degradation (proteostasis). Here, we treated mammalian cells with the small dipeptide LLOMe, which is known to permeabilize lysosomal membranes, and find that LLOMe also impacts late endosomes (LEs) by neutralizing their pH without causing membrane permeabilization. We show that LLOMe leads to hyperactivation of Rab7 (herein referring to Rab7a), and disruption of tubulation and mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR; also known as IGF2R) recycling on pH-neutralized LEs. pH neutralization (NH4Cl) and expression of Rab7 hyperactive mutants alone can both phenocopy the alterations in tubulation and CI-M6PR trafficking. Mechanistically, pH neutralization increases the assembly of the V1G1 subunit (encoded by ATP6V1G1) of the V-ATPase on endosomal membranes, which stabilizes GTP-bound Rab7 via RILP, a known interactor of Rab7 and V1G1. We propose a novel pathway by which V-ATPase and RILP modulate LE pH and Rab7 activation in concert. This pathway might broadly contribute to pH control during physiologic endosomal maturation or starvation and during pathologic pH neutralization, which occurs via lysosomotropic compounds and in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Mulligan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Magdalena M. Magaj
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Laura Digilio
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Stefanie Redemann
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chan Choo Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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5
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Liang B, Wu Q, Wang Y, Shi Y, Sun F, Huang Q, Li G, Liu Y, Zhang S, Xu X, Yao G, Peng J, Zhai X, Wu J, Tan Y, Wu Z, Zhou R, Li S, Wu J, Yang M, Liao W, Shi M. Cdc42-driven endosomal cholesterol transport promotes collateral resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216702. [PMID: 38336288 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to trastuzumab and the poor efficacy of subsequent chemotherapy have become major challenges for HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC). As resistance evolves, tumor cells may acquire a new drug susceptibility profile, profoundly impacting the subsequent treatment selection and patient survival. However, the interplay between trastuzumab and other types of drugs in HER2-positive GC remains elusive. In our study, we utilized resistant cell lines and tissue specimens to map the drug susceptibility profile of trastuzumab-resistant GC, discovering that resistance to trastuzumab induces collateral resistance to commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, patients with collateral resistance distinguished by a 13-gene scoring model in HER2-positive GC cohorts are predicted to have a poor prognosis and may be sensitive to cholesterol-lowering drugs. Mechanistically, endosomal cholesterol transport is further confirmed to enrich cholesterol in the plasma membrane, contributing to collateral resistance through the Hedgehog-ABCB1 axis. As a driver for cholesterol, Cdc42 is activated by the formation of the NPC1-TβRI-Cdc42 complex to facilitate endosomal cholesterol transport. We demonstrated that inhibiting Cdc42 activation with ZCL278 reduces cholesterol levels in the plasma membrane and reverses collateral resistance between trastuzumab and chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings verify the phenomena and mechanism of collateral resistance between trastuzumab and chemotherapy, and propose a potential therapeutic target and strategy in the second-line treatment for trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishan Liang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qijing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulu Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanjun Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Tumor Center, Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 516008, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Foshan, 528010, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujing Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 271016, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Mulligan R, Magaj M, Digilio L, Redemann S, Yap C, Winckler B. Collapse of late endosomal pH elicits a rapid Rab7 response via V-ATPase and RILP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.24.563658. [PMID: 37961579 PMCID: PMC10634777 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal-lysosomal trafficking is accompanied by the acidification of endosomal compartments by the H+-V-ATPase to reach low lysosomal pH. Disruption of proper pH impairs lysosomal function and the balance of protein synthesis and degradation (proteostasis). We used the small dipeptide LLOMe, which is known to permeabilize lysosomal membranes, and find that LLOMe also impacts late endosomes (LEs) by neutralizing their pH without causing membrane permeabilization. We show that LLOMe leads to hyper-activation of Rab7 and disruption of tubulation and mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) recycling on pH-neutralized LEs. Either pH neutralization (NH4Cl) or Rab7 hyper-active mutants alone can phenocopy the alterations in tubulation and CI-M6PR trafficking. Mechanistically, pH neutralization increases the assembly of the V1G1 subunit of the V-ATPase on endosomal membranes, which stabilizes GTP-bound Rab7 via RILP, a known interactor of Rab7 and V1G1. We propose a novel pathway by which V-ATPase and RILP modulate LE pH and Rab7 activation in concert. This pathway might broadly contribute to pH control during physiologic endosomal maturation or starvation and during pathologic pH neutralization, which occurs via lysosomotropic compounds or in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.J. Mulligan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - M.M. Magaj
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - L. Digilio
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - S. Redemann
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - C.C. Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - B Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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7
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Corkery D, Ursu A, Lucas B, Grigalunas M, Kriegler S, Oliva R, Dec R, Koska S, Pahl A, Sievers S, Ziegler S, Winter R, Wu YW, Waldmann H. Inducin Triggers LC3-Lipidation and ESCRT-Mediated Lysosomal Membrane Repair. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300579. [PMID: 37869939 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipidation of the LC3 protein has frequently been employed as a marker of autophagy. However, LC3-lipidation is also triggered by stimuli not related to canonical autophagy. Therefore, characterization of the driving parameters for LC3 lipidation is crucial to understanding the biological roles of LC3. We identified a pseudo-natural product, termed Inducin, that increases LC3 lipidation independently of canonical autophagy, impairs lysosomal function and rapidly recruits Galectin 3 to lysosomes. Inducin treatment promotes Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-dependent membrane repair and transcription factor EB (TFEB)-dependent lysosome biogenesis ultimately leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Corkery
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Andrei Ursu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Belén Lucas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Kriegler
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Robert Dec
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sandra Koska
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
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8
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Hyla K, Jama D, Grzywacz A, Janek T. Evaluation of the Antitumor Activity of Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17237. [PMID: 38139066 PMCID: PMC10743841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium surfactants, due to their diverse chemical structure and their biological properties, can be used in medicine as DNA carriers, disinfectants, and antimicrobial and antitumor agents. In this study, using melanoma A375, colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells, we tested the hypothesis that the quaternary ammonium surfactants 2-dodecanoyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium bromide (DMM-11), 2-dodecanoyloxypropyl)trimethylammonium bromide (DMPM-11) and 2-pentadecanoyloxymethyl)trimethylammonium bromide (DMGM-14) act selectively against cancer cells. The results showed that these compounds led to the initiation of the apoptotic process of programmed cell death, as evidenced by the ratio of the relative expression of Bax protein to Bcl-2. The encapsulation of surfactants in liposomes allowed lower concentrations to be used. Moreover, encapsulation reduced their toxicity towards non-cancerous cells. The anticancer efficiency and apoptotic effect of the liposomal formulations with surfactants (DMM-11, DMPM-11 and DMGM-14) were higher than those of surfactant-free liposomes. Therefore, quaternary ammonium surfactant-loaded liposomes show significant potential as delivery vehicles for the treatment of melanoma and colon cancers. The use of nano-formulations offers the advantage of optimizing quaternary ammonium surfactant delivery for improved anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomasz Janek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.H.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
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9
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Fischhuber K, Bánki Z, Kimpel J, Kragl N, Rössler A, Bolze A, Muellauer B, Angerer J, Nagy G, Nagy E, Szijarto V. Antiviral Potential of Azelastine against Major Respiratory Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:2300. [PMID: 38140540 PMCID: PMC10747764 DOI: 10.3390/v15122300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the subsequent increase in respiratory viral infections highlight the need for broad-spectrum antivirals to enable a quick and efficient reaction to current and emerging viral outbreaks. We previously demonstrated that the antihistamine azelastine hydrochloride (azelastine-HCl) exhibited in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, in a phase 2 clinical study, a commercial azelastine-containing nasal spray significantly reduced the viral load in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of azelastine-HCl against additional human coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant and a seasonal human coronavirus, 229E, through in vitro infection assays, with azelastine showing a comparable potency against both. Furthermore, we determined that azelastine-HCl also inhibits the replication of Respiratory syncytial virus A (RSV A) in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. In a human 3D nasal tissue model (MucilAirTM-Pool, Epithelix), azelastine-HCl protected tissue integrity and function from the effects of infection with influenza A H1N1 and resulted in a reduced viral load soon after infection. Our results suggest that azelastine-HCl has a broad antiviral effect and can be considered a safe option against the most common respiratory viruses to prevent or treat such infections locally in the form of a nasal spray that is commonly available globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoltán Bánki
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (Z.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (Z.B.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Annika Rössler
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (Z.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Annika Bolze
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (Z.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Brigitte Muellauer
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (Z.B.); (A.B.)
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10
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Sfera A, Andronescu L, Britt WG, Himsl K, Klein C, Rahman L, Kozlakidis Z. Receptor-Independent Therapies for Forensic Detainees with Schizophrenia-Dementia Comorbidity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15797. [PMID: 37958780 PMCID: PMC10647468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Forensic institutions throughout the world house patients with severe psychiatric illness and history of criminal violations. Improved medical care, hygiene, psychiatric treatment, and nutrition led to an unmatched longevity in this population, which previously lived, on average, 15 to 20 years shorter than the public at large. On the other hand, longevity has contributed to increased prevalence of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, which complicate clinical management, increasing healthcare expenditures. Forensic institutions, originally intended for the treatment of younger individuals, are ill-equipped for the growing number of older offenders. Moreover, as antipsychotic drugs became available in 1950s and 1960s, we are observing the first generation of forensic detainees who have aged on dopamine-blocking agents. Although the consequences of long-term treatment with these agents are unclear, schizophrenia-associated gray matter loss may contribute to the development of early dementia. Taken together, increased lifespan and the subsequent cognitive deficit observed in long-term forensic institutions raise questions and dilemmas unencountered by the previous generations of clinicians. These include: does the presence of neurocognitive dysfunction justify antipsychotic dose reduction or discontinuation despite a lifelong history of schizophrenia and violent behavior? Should neurolipidomic interventions become the standard of care in elderly individuals with lifelong schizophrenia and dementia? Can patients with schizophrenia and dementia meet the Dusky standard to stand trial? Should neurocognitive disorders in the elderly with lifelong schizophrenia be treated differently than age-related neurodegeneration? In this article, we hypothesize that gray matter loss is the core symptom of schizophrenia which leads to dementia. We hypothesize further that strategies to delay or stop gray matter depletion would not only improve the schizophrenia sustained recovery, but also avert the development of major neurocognitive disorders in people living with schizophrenia. Based on this hypothesis, we suggest utilization of both receptor-dependent and independent therapeutics for chronic psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
- School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11139 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Luminita Andronescu
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
| | - William G. Britt
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Kiera Himsl
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
| | - Carolina Klein
- California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA;
| | - Leah Rahman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Ave, Eugene, OR 97403, USA;
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69366 Lyon Cedex, France;
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11
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Wiener JP, Desire S, Garliyev V, Lyssenko III N, Praticò D, Lyssenko NN. Down-Regulation of ABCA7 in Human Microglia, Astrocyte and THP-1 Cell Lines by Cholesterol Depletion, IL-1β and TNFα, or PMA. Cells 2023; 12:2143. [PMID: 37681876 PMCID: PMC10486366 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 7 (ABCA7) is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Human neural cell lines were used to investigate the regulation of ABCA7 expression by cholesterol and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cholesterol was depleted by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, followed by treatment with rosuvastatin to suppress de novo synthesis, while the cells underwent adjustment to low cholesterol. Cholesterol depletion by 50-76% decreased ABCA7 expression by ~40% in C20 microglia and ~21% in A172 astrocytes but had no effect on the protein in SK-N-SH neurons. Cholesterol depletion also suppressed ABCA7 in HMC3 microglia. Previously, cholesterol loss was reported to up-regulate ABCA7 in murine macrophages. ABCA7 was down-regulated during PMA-induced differentiation of human THP-1 monocytes to macrophages. But, cholesterol depletion in THP-1 macrophages by ~71% had no effect on ABCA7. IL-1β and TNFα reduced ABCA7 expression in C20 and HMC3 microglia but not in A172 astrocytes or SK-N-SH neurons. IL-6 did not affect ABCA7 in the neural cells. These findings suggest that ABCA7 is active in regular homeostasis in human neural cells, is regulated by cholesterol in a cell type-dependent manner, i.e., cholesterol depletion down-regulates it in human neuroglia but not neurons, and is incompatible with IL-1β and TNFα inflammatory responses in human microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas N. Lyssenko
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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12
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Eriksson I, Vainikka L, Persson HL, Öllinger K. Real-Time Monitoring of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization Using Acridine Orange. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:72. [PMID: 37623923 PMCID: PMC10459729 DOI: 10.3390/mps6040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of lysosomal membrane integrity results in leakage of lysosomal hydrolases to the cytosol which might harm cell function and induce cell death. Destabilization of lysosomes often precede apoptotic or necrotic cell death and occur during both physiological and pathological conditions. The weak base acridine orange readily enters cells and accumulates in the acidic environment of lysosomes. Vital staining with acridine orange is a well-proven technique to observe lysosomal destabilization using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. These analyses are, however, time consuming and only adapted for discrete time points, which make them unsuitable for large-scale approaches. Therefore, we have developed a time-saving, high-throughput microplate reader-based method to follow destabilization of the lysosomal membrane in real-time using acridine orange. This protocol can easily be adopted for patient samples since the number of cells per sample is low and the time for analysis is short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Eriksson
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (L.V.); (K.Ö.)
| | - Linda Vainikka
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (L.V.); (K.Ö.)
| | - Hans Lennart Persson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine in Linköping, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden;
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (L.V.); (K.Ö.)
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13
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Kendall RL, Holian A. Cholesterol-dependent molecular mechanisms contribute to cationic amphiphilic drugs' prevention of silica-induced inflammation. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151310. [PMID: 36934670 PMCID: PMC10330738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is considered an irreversible chronic inflammatory disease caused by the inhalation of crystalline silica (cSiO2). The cycle of inflammation that drives silicosis and other particle-caused respiratory diseases is mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome activity in macrophages resulting in the release of IL-1β. Lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP) initiated by inhaled particles is the key regulatory step in leading to NLRP3 activity. In addition to its role in LMP, the lysosome is crucial to cellular cholesterol trafficking. Lysosomal cholesterol has been demonstrated to regulate LMP while cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) reduce cholesterol trafficking from lysosomes and promote endolysosomal cholesterol accumulation as seen in Niemann Pick disease. Using a bone marrow derived macrophage (BMdM) model, four CADs were examined for their potential to reduce cSiO2-induced inflammation. Here we found that FDA-approved CAD drugs imipramine, hydroxychloroquine, fluvoxamine, and fluoxetine contributed to reduced LMP and IL-1β release in cSiO2 treated BMdM. These drugs inhibited lysosomal enzymatic activity of acid sphingomyelinase, decreased lysosomal proteolytic function, and increased lysosomal pH. CADs also demonstrated a significant increase in lysosomal-associated free cholesterol. Increased lysosomal cholesterol was associated with a significant reduction in cSiO2 induced LMP and IL-1β release. In contrast, reduced lysosomal cholesterol significantly exacerbated cSiO2-induced IL-1β release and reduced the protective effect of CADs on IL-1β release following cSiO2 exposure. Taken together, these results suggest that CAD modification of lysosomal cholesterol may be used to reduce LMP and cSiO2-induced inflammation and could prove an effective therapeutic for silicosis and other particle-caused respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Kendall
- Center for Environmental Health Science, University of Montana, 32 Campus Way, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Science, University of Montana, 32 Campus Way, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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14
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Kim JW, Min DW, Kim D, Kim J, Kim MJ, Lim H, Lee JY. GPX4 overexpressed non-small cell lung cancer cells are sensitive to RSL3-induced ferroptosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8872. [PMID: 37258589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis can be induced by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes GPX4 or system Xc-, increased intracellular iron concentrations, and lipid peroxidation. Recently, it has been suggested that ferroptosis can be an effective way to induce cancer cell death, although the specific relevance and mechanism of ferroptosis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the anticancer effects of ferroptosis inducers erastin and RSL3 on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. RSL3 induced cell death more effectively in NSCLC cells than erastin, with limited cytotoxicity in BEAS-2B normal bronchial epithelial cells. The sensitivity of NSCLC cells to RSL3 induced death was dependent on GPX4 expression levels; the effect of RSL3 was reversed by ferrostatin-1 (a ferroptosis inhibitor) but not by Z-VAD-FMK, chloroquine, bafilomycin A1, or necrostatin-1. RSL3 induced ferroptosis by promoting lipid peroxidation, elevating intracellular LIP concentration and ROS level, and blocking GSH-to-GSSH conversion through the inhibition of GPX4 and induction of Nrf2/HO1. Furthermore, RSL3 induced autophagosomes but disrupted the formation of autolysosomes with lysosomal membrane destabilization. GPX4 knockdown had a similar effect on ferroptosis phenotypes as RSL3. Taken together, RSL3-induced ferroptosis depends on the regulation of GPX4-Nrf2/HO1 in NSCLC cells. These results may be useful in predicting the ferroptosis response in NSCLC as well as drug resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Won Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Dong Wha Min
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Dasom Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, South Korea
| | - Hyangsoon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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15
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Lysosomes as a Target of Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032176. [PMID: 36768500 PMCID: PMC9916765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are organelles containing acidic hydrolases that are responsible for lysosomal degradation and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They play an important role in autophagy, as well as in various cell death pathways, such as lysosomal and apoptotic death. Various agents, including drugs, can induce lysosomal membrane permeability, resulting in the translocation of acidic hydrolases into the cytoplasm, which promotes lysosomal-mediated death. This type of death may be of great importance in anti-cancer therapy, as both cancer cells with disturbed pathways leading to apoptosis and drug-resistant cells can undergo it. Important compounds that damage the lysosomal membrane include lysosomotropic compounds, antihistamines, immunosuppressants, DNA-damaging drugs, chemotherapeutics, photosensitizers and various plant compounds. An interesting approach in the treatment of cancer and the search for ways to overcome the chemoresistance of cancer cells may also be combining lysosomotropic compounds with targeted modulators of autophagy to induce cell death. These compounds may be an alternative in oncological treatment, and lysosomes may become a promising therapeutic target for many diseases, including cancer. Understanding the functional relationships between autophagy and apoptosis and the possibilities of their regulation, both in relation to normal and cancer cells, can be used to develop new and more effective anticancer therapies.
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16
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Zhu J, Ma R, Li G. Drug repurposing: Clemastine fumarate and neurodegeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113904. [PMID: 36370521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have been a weighty problem in elder people who might be stricken with motor or/and cognition defects with lower life quality urging for effective treatment. Drugs are costly from development to market, so that drug repurposing, exploration of existing drugs for novel therapeutic purposes, becomes a wise and popular strategy to raise new treatment options. Clemastine fumarate, different from anti-allergic effect as H1 histamine antagonist, was screened and identified as promising drug for remyelination and autophagy enhancement. Surprisingly, fumarate salt also has similar effect. Hence, whether clemastine fumarate would make a protective impact on neurodegenerative diseases and what contribution fumarate probably makes are intriguing to us. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanism surrounding clemastine fumarate in current literature, and try to distinguish independent or synergistic effect between clemastine and fumarate, aiming to find worthwhile research direction for neurodegeneration diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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17
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Mills JA, Humphries J, Simpson JD, Sonderegger SE, Thurecht KJ, Fletcher NL. Modulating Macrophage Clearance of Nanoparticles: Comparison of Small-Molecule and Biologic Drugs as Pharmacokinetic Modifiers of Soft Nanomaterials. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4080-4097. [PMID: 36069540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines show benefits in overcoming the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems by reducing side effects, toxicity, and exhibiting enhanced pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles to improve the therapeutic window of small-molecule drugs. However, upon administration, many nanoparticles (NPs) prompt induction of host innate immune responses, which in combination with other clearance pathways such as renal and hepatic, eliminate up to 99% of the administered dose. Here, we explore a drug predosing strategy to transiently suppress the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), subsequently improving the PK profile and biological behaviors exhibited by a model NP system [hyperbranched polymers (HBPs)] in an immunocompetent mouse model. In vitro assays allowed the identification of five drug candidates that attenuated cellular association. Predosing of lead compounds chloroquine (CQ) and zoledronic acid (ZA) further showed increased HBP retention within the circulatory system of mice, as shown by both fluorescence imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Flow cytometric evaluation of spleen and liver tissue cells following intravenous administration further demonstrated that CQ and ZA significantly reduced HBP association with myeloid cells by 23 and 16%, respectively. The results of this study support the use of CQ to pharmacologically suppress the MPS to improve NP PKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Mills
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James Humphries
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Joshua D Simpson
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stefan E Sonderegger
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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18
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Tao L, Qing Y, Cui Y, Shi D, Liu W, Chen L, Cao Y, Dai Z, Ge X, Zhang L. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization mediated apoptosis involve in perphenazine-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Lett 2022; 367:76-87. [PMID: 35914675 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs represent a class of lysosomotropic drugs widely used in clinical practice. However, the hepatotoxicity of these drugs has been reported in recent years. Therefore, understanding the changes in cellular homeostasis mediated by these drugs is of great significance for revealing the true mechanisms underlying hepatotoxicity. Perphenazine is a classical antipsychotic drug that can reportedly induce extrapyramidal and sympatholytic side effects. The present research focuses on the toxicity effect of perphenazine on normal human hepatocytes. To assess the hepatotoxicity of continuous administration of perphenazine and investigate potential mechanisms related to apoptosis, human normal L02 hepatocytes were exposed to 10-40μM perphenazine in vitro. The results showed that perphenazine inhibited cell viability in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, 30μM perphenazine induced intense lysosome vacuolation, impaired lysosomal membrane, and induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), ultimately triggering lysosomal cell death in L02 cells. Knockdown cathepsin D(CTSD) also ameliorated perphenazine-induced liver injury via the inhibition of LMP. In vivo, ICR mice received intragastric administration of 10-180mg/kg B.W. perphenazine every other day for 21 days. 180mg/kg perphenazine significantly increased histological injury and aminotransferases compared with control. Taken together, our findings suggest that perphenazine can trigger hepatotoxicity through lysosome disruption both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yingjie Qing
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yingyue Cui
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Da Shi
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Wenting Liu
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yu Cao
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Zhen Dai
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xiaoming Ge
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
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19
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Trybus E, Król T, Trybus W. The Multidirectional Effect of Azelastine Hydrochloride on Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5890. [PMID: 35682572 PMCID: PMC9180047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major cause of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutics is the blocking of apoptosis and induction of autophagy in the context of cell adaptation and survival. Therefore, new compounds are being sought, also among drugs that are commonly used in other therapies. Due to the involvement of histamine in the regulation of processes occurring during the development of many types of cancer, antihistamines are now receiving special attention. Our study concerned the identification of new mechanisms of action of azelastine hydrochloride, used in antiallergic treatment. The study was performed on HeLa cells treated with different concentrations of azelastine (15-90 µM). Cell cycle, level of autophagy (LC3 protein activity) and apoptosis (annexin V assay), activity of caspase 3/7, anti-apoptotic protein of Bcl-2 family, ROS concentration, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and level of phosphorylated H2A.X in response to DSB were evaluated by cytometric method. Cellular changes were also demonstrated at the level of transmission electron microscopy and optical and fluorescence microscopy. Lysosomal enzyme activities-cathepsin D and L and cell viability (MTT assay) were assessed spectrophotometrically. Results: Azelastine in concentrations of 15-25 µM induced degradation processes, vacuolization, increase in cathepsin D and L activity, and LC3 protein activation. By increasing ROS, it also caused DNA damage and blocked cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. At the concentrations of 45-90 µM, azelastine clearly promoted apoptosis by activation of caspase 3/7 and inactivation of Bcl-2 protein. Fragmentation of cell nucleus was confirmed by DAPI staining. Changes were also found in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, whose damage was confirmed by staining with rhodamine 123 and in the MTT test. Azelastine decreased the mitotic index and induced mitotic catastrophe. Studies demonstrated the multidirectional effects of azelastine on HeLa cells, including anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, autophagic, and apoptotic properties, which were the predominant mechanism of death. The revealed novel properties of azelastine may be practically used in anti-cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Trybus
- Department of Medical Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Teodora Król
- Department of Medical Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
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20
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Chin M, Ang KH, Davies J, Alquezar C, Garda VG, Rooney B, Leng K, Kampmann M, Arkin MR, Kao AW. Phenotypic Screening Using High-Content Imaging to Identify Lysosomal pH Modulators in a Neuronal Cell Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1505-1516. [PMID: 35522480 PMCID: PMC9121341 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are intracellular organelles responsible for the degradation of diverse macromolecules in a cell. A highly acidic pH is required for the optimal functioning of lysosomal enzymes. Loss of lysosomal intralumenal acidity can disrupt cellular protein homeostasis and is linked to age-related diseases such as neurodegeneration. Using a new robust lysosomal pH biosensor (FIRE-pHLy), we developed a cell-based fluorescence assay for high-throughput screening (HTS) and applied it to differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The goal of this study was twofold: (1) to screen for small molecules that acidify lysosomal pH and (2) to identify molecular targets and pathways that regulate lysosomal pH. We conducted a screen of 1835 bioactive compounds with annotated target information to identify lysosomal pH modulators (both acidifiers and alkalinizers). Forty-five compounds passed the initial hit selection criteria, using a combined analysis approach of population-based and object-based data. Twenty-three compounds were retested in dose-response assays and two compounds, OSI-027 and PP242, were identified as top acidifying hits. Overall, data from this phenotypic HTS screen may be used to explore novel regulatory pathways of lysosomal pH regulation. Additionally, OSI-027 and PP242 may serve as useful tool compounds to enable mechanistic studies of autophagy activation and lysosomal acidification as potential therapeutic pathways for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus
Y. Chin
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San
Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kean-Hooi Ang
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Julia Davies
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Carolina Alquezar
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San
Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
| | - Virginia G. Garda
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San
Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Brendan Rooney
- Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kun Leng
- Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Medical
Scientist Training Program, University of
California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michelle R. Arkin
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Aimee W. Kao
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San
Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
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21
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Targeting Protein Translation in Melanoma by Inhibiting EEF-2 Kinase Regulates Cholesterol Metabolism though SREBP2 to Inhibit Tumour Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073481. [PMID: 35408842 PMCID: PMC8998919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreasing the levels of certain proteins has been shown to be important for controlling cancer but it is currently unknown whether proteins could potentially be targeted by the inhibiting of protein synthesis. Under this circumstance, targeting protein translation could preferentially affect certain pathways, which could then be of therapeutic advantage when treating cancer. In this report, eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (EEF2K), which is involved in protein translation, was shown to regulate cholesterol metabolism. Targeting EEF2K inhibited key parts of the cholesterol pathway in cancer cells, which could be rescued by the addition of exogenous cholesterol, suggesting that it is a potentially important pathway modulated by targeting this process. Specifically, targeting EEF2K significantly suppressed tumour cell growth by blocking mRNA translation of the cholesterol biosynthesis transcription factor, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 2, and the proteins it regulates. The process could be rescued by the addition of LDL cholesterol taken into the cells via non-receptor-mediated-uptake, which negated the need for SREBP2 protein. Thus, the levels of SREBP2 needed for cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells are therapeutically vulnerable by targeting protein translation. This is the first report to suggest that targeting EEF2K can be used to modulate cholesterol metabolism to treat cancer.
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22
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Shen YC, Hsu HC, Lin TM, Chang YS, Hu LF, Chen LF, Lin SH, Kuo PI, Chen WS, Lin YC, Chen JH, Liang YC, Chang CC. H1-Antihistamines Reduce the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, or Dual Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:1206-1219. [PMID: 35044851 PMCID: PMC8987217 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
H1-antihistamines (AHs) may exert protective effects against cancer. This study investigated the association of AH use with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or dual HBV-HCV virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Shen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Hsu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Min Lin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Hu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Fang Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hong Lin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-I Kuo
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Yonghe Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Glitscher M, Hildt E. Endosomal Cholesterol in Viral Infections - A Common Denominator? Front Physiol 2021; 12:750544. [PMID: 34858206 PMCID: PMC8632007 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.750544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol has gained tremendous attention as an essential lipid in the life cycle of virtually all viruses. These seem to have developed manifold strategies to modulate the cholesterol metabolism to the side of lipid uptake and de novo synthesis. In turn, affecting the cholesterol homeostasis has emerged as novel broad-spectrum antiviral strategy. On the other hand, the innate immune system is similarly regulated by the lipid and stimulated by its derivatives. This certainly requires attention in the design of antiviral strategies aiming to decrease cellular cholesterol, as evidence accumulates that withdrawal of cholesterol hampers innate immunity. Secondly, there are exceptions to the rule of the abovementioned virus-induced metabolic shift toward cholesterol anabolism. It therefore is of interest to dissect underlying regulatory mechanisms, which we aimed for in this minireview. We further collected evidence for intracellular cholesterol concentrations being less important in viral life cycles as compared to the spatial distribution of the lipid. Various routes of cholesterol trafficking were found to be hijacked in viral infections with respect to organelle-endosome contact sites mediating cholesterol shuttling. Thus, re-distribution of cellular cholesterol in the context of viral infections requires more attention in ongoing research. As a final aim, a pan-antiviral treatment could be found just within the transport and re-adjustment of local cholesterol concentrations. Thus, we aimed to emphasize the importance of the regulatory roles the endosomal system fulfils herein and hope to stimulate research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
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24
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Chernysheva MG, Shnitko AV, Skrabkova HS, Badun GA. Peculiarities of alkylamidopropyldimethylbenzylammonium (Miramistin) in the relationship to lysozyme in comparison with quaternary ammonium surfactants: Coadsorption at the interfaces, enzymatic activity and molecular docking. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Wu Q, Cortez L, Kamali-Jamil R, Sim V, Wille H, Kar S. Implications of exosomes derived from cholesterol-accumulated astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048929. [PMID: 34524402 PMCID: PMC8560497 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides generated from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) play a critical role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Aβ-containing neuronal exosomes, which represent a novel form of intercellular communication, have been shown to influence the function/vulnerability of neurons in AD. Unlike neurons, the significance of exosomes derived from astrocytes remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the significance of exosomes derived from U18666A-induced cholesterol-accumulated astrocytes in the development of AD pathology. Our results show that cholesterol accumulation decreases exosome secretion, whereas lowering cholesterol increases exosome secretion, from cultured astrocytes. Interestingly, exosomes secreted from U18666A-treated astrocytes contain higher levels of APP, APP-C-terminal fragments, soluble APP, APP secretases and Aβ1-40 than exosomes secreted from control astrocytes. Furthermore, we show that exosomes derived from U18666A-treated astrocytes can lead to neurodegeneration, which is attenuated by decreasing Aβ production or by neutralizing exosomal Aβ peptide with an anti-Aβ antibody. These results, taken together, suggest that exosomes derived from cholesterol-accumulated astrocytes can play an important role in trafficking APP/Aβ peptides and influencing neuronal viability in the affected regions of the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Leonardo Cortez
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Razieh Kamali-Jamil
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Valerie Sim
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Holger Wille
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Satyabrata Kar
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
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26
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Translocation of TMEM175 Lysosomal Potassium Channel to the Plasma Membrane by Dynasore Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910515. [PMID: 34638858 PMCID: PMC8508992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM175 (transmembrane protein 175) coding sequence variants are associated with increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. TMEM175 is the ubiquitous lysosomal K+ channel regulated by growth factor receptor signaling and direct interaction with protein kinase B (PKB/Akt). In the present study, we show that the expression of mouse TMEM175 results in very small K+ currents through the plasma membrane in Xenopus laevis oocytes, in good accordance with the previously reported intracellular localization of the channel. However, the application of the dynamin inhibitor compounds, dynasore or dyngo-4a, substantially increased TMEM175 currents measured by the two-electrode voltage clamp method. TMEM175 was more permeable to cesium than potassium ions, voltage-dependently blocked by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and slightly inhibited by extracellular acidification. Immunocytochemistry experiments indicated that dyngo-4a increased the amount of epitope-tagged TMEM175 channel on the cell surface. The coexpression of dominant-negative dynamin, and the inhibition of clathrin- or caveolin-dependent endocytosis increased TMEM175 current much less than dynasore. Therefore, dynamin-independent pharmacological effects of dynasore may also contribute to the action on the channel. TMEM175 current rapidly decays after the withdrawal of dynasore, raising the possibility that an efficient internalization mechanism removes the channel from the plasma membrane. Dyngo-4a induced about 20-fold larger TMEM175 currents than the PKB activator SC79, or the coexpression of a constitutively active mutant PKB with the channel. In contrast, the allosteric PKB inhibitor MK2206 diminished the TMEM175 current in the presence of dyngo-4a. These data suggest that, in addition to the lysosomes, PKB-dependent regulation also influences TMEM175 current in the plasma membrane.
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27
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Schneidewind T, Brause A, Schölermann B, Sievers S, Pahl A, Sankar MG, Winzker M, Janning P, Kumar K, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. Combined morphological and proteome profiling reveals target-independent impairment of cholesterol homeostasis. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1780-1794.e5. [PMID: 34214450 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Unbiased profiling approaches are powerful tools for small-molecule target or mode-of-action deconvolution as they generate a holistic view of the bioactivity space. This is particularly important for non-protein targets that are difficult to identify with commonly applied target identification methods. Thereby, unbiased profiling can enable identification of novel bioactivity even for annotated compounds. We report the identification of a large bioactivity cluster comprised of numerous well-characterized drugs with different primary targets using a combination of the morphological Cell Painting Assay and proteome profiling. Cluster members alter cholesterol homeostasis and localization due to their physicochemical properties that lead to protonation and accumulation in lysosomes, an increase in lysosomal pH, and a disturbed cholesterol homeostasis. The identified cluster enables identification of modulators of cholesterol homeostasis and links regulation of genes or proteins involved in cholesterol synthesis or trafficking to physicochemical properties rather than to nominal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Schneidewind
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany; Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Alexandra Brause
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Beate Schölermann
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Muthukumar G Sankar
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Michael Winzker
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany; Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
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28
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Nemoto S, Morita K, Mizuno T, Kusuhara H. Decomposition Profile Data Analysis for Deep Understanding of Multiple Effects of Natural Products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1283-1293. [PMID: 33836128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to understand the entire effect of a natural product because such products generally have multiple effects. We propose a strategy to understand these effects effectively by decomposing them with a profile data analysis method we developed. A transcriptome profile data set was obtained from a public database and analyzed. Considering their high similarity in structure and transcriptome profile, we focused on rescinnamine and syrosingopine. Decomposed effects predicted clear differences between the compounds. Two of the decomposed effects, SREBF1 activation and HDAC inhibition, were investigated experimentally because the relationship between these effects and the compounds had not yet been reported. Analyses in vitro validated these effects, and their strength was consistent with predicted scores. Moreover, the number of outliers in decomposed effects per compound was higher in natural products than in drugs in the data set, which is consistent with the nature of the effects of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Morita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Tadahaya Mizuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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29
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Liu X, Jiang J, Liao Y, Tang I, Zheng E, Qiu W, Lin M, Wang X, Ji Y, Mei K, Liu Q, Chang CH, Wainberg ZA, Nel AE, Meng H. Combination Chemo-Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer Using the Immunogenic Effects of an Irinotecan Silicasome Nanocarrier Plus Anti-PD-1. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002147. [PMID: 33747719 PMCID: PMC7967046 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop new life-prolonging therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It is demonstrated that improved irinotecan delivery by a lipid bilayer coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle, also known as a silicasome, can improve PDAC survival through a chemo-immunotherapy response in an orthotopic Kras-dependent pancreatic cancer model. This discovery is premised on the weak-basic properties of irinotecan, which neutralizes the acidic lysosomal pH in PDAC cells. This effect triggers a linked downstream cascade of events that include autophagy inhibition, endoplasmic reticulum stress, immunogenic cell death (ICD), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. ICD is characterized by calreticulin expression and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release in dying Kras-induced pancreatic cancer (KPC) cells, which is demonstrated in a vaccination experiment to prevent KPC tumor growth on the contralateral site. The improved delivery of irinotecan by the silicasome is accompanied by robust antitumor immunity, which can be synergistically enhanced by anti-PD-1 in the orthotopic model. Immunophenotyping confirms the expression of calreticulin, HMGB1, PD-L1, and an autophagy marker, in addition to perforin and granzyme B deposition. The chemo-immunotherapy response elicited by the silicasome is more robust than free or a liposomal drug, Onivyde. The silicasome plus anti-PD-1 leads to significantly enhanced survival improvement, and is far superior to anti-PD-1 plus either free irinotecan or Onivyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Liu
- Division of NanomedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Present address:
The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yu‐Pei Liao
- Division of NanomedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ivanna Tang
- Division of NanomedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Emily Zheng
- Division of NanomedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Waveley Qiu
- Division of NanomedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Matthew Lin
- Division of NanomedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of NanomedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ying Ji
- Division of NanomedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Kuo‐Ching Mei
- Division of NanomedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Qi Liu
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Zev A. Wainberg
- Division of Hematology OncologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Division of NanomedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Huan Meng
- Division of NanomedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
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30
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Abstract
Lysosomes offer a unique arrangement of degradative, exocytic, and signaling capabilities that make their continued function critical to cellular homeostasis. Lysosomes owe their function to the activity of lysosomal ion channels and transporters, which maintain concentration gradients of H+, K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Cl- across the lysosomal membrane. This review examines the contributions of lysosomal ion channels to lysosome function, showing how ion channel function is integral to degradation and autophagy, maintaining lysosomal membrane potential, controlling Ca2+ signaling, and facilitating exocytosis. Evidence of lysosome dysfunction in a variety of disease pathologies creates a need to understand how lysosomal ion channels contribute to lysosome dysfunction. For example, the loss of function of the TRPML1 Ca2+ lysosome channel in multiple lysosome storage diseases leads to lysosome dysfunction and disease pathogenesis while neurodegenerative diseases are marked by lysosome dysfunction caused by changes in ion channel activity through the TRPML1, TPC, and TMEM175 ion channels. Autoimmune disease is marked by dysregulated autophagy, which is dependent on the function of multiple lysosomal ion channels. Understanding the role of lysosomal ion channel activity in lysosome membrane permeability and NLRP3 inflammasome activation could provide valuable mechanistic insight into NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated diseases. Finally, this review seeks to show that understanding the role of lysosomal ion channels in lysosome dysfunction could give mechanistic insight into the efficacy of certain drug classes, specifically those that target the lysosome, such as cationic amphiphilic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Kendall
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Andrij Holian
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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31
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Fritz I, Wagner P, Olsson H. Improved survival in several cancers with use of H 1-antihistamines desloratadine and loratadine. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101029. [PMID: 33550204 PMCID: PMC7868613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved cancer survival with use of antihistamines desloratadine and loratadine. Improved survival seen in tumors that respond to immune checkpoint therapy. A – potentially immunological – anti-tumor effect of desloratadine and loratadine.
Background We have previously shown an association with substantially improved survival in breast cancer and melanoma for desloratadine and loratadine users, and set out to find whether an improved survival can be seen in tumors with and without a known response to immune checkpoint therapy, such as anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1. Methods We investigated survival and use of six common H1-antihistamines (cetirizine, clemastine, desloratadine, ebastine, fexofenadine and loratadine) in a nation-wide cohort of all 429,198 Swedish patients with ten types of immunogenic (gastric, colorectal/anal, pancreatic, lung, breast, prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer, melanoma and Hodgkin lymphoma) and six non-immunogenic (liver, uterine, ovarian, brain/CNS, and thyroid cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma) tumors diagnosed 2006–2017. Follow-up was until 2019–02–24. Findings Desloratadine use was associated with an improved survival for all immunogenic tumors, but not for the non-immunogenic ones. Loratadine use was associated with improved survival for some tumors. Use of the other antihistamines could not be shown to be consistently associated with improved survival to a statistically significant degree. Interpretation Our hypothesis is that our findings result from immune checkpoint inhibition, and we believe both desloratadine and loratadine should be tested in randomized clinical trials as treatment of immunogenic tumors, with priority given to trials of desloratadine as treatment of tumors with few therapy options and dismal prognoses, such as pancreatic cancer. If our results can be confirmed in a clinical setting, new, potentially curative, therapies could result for several tumors, including ones with dire prognoses and limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Fritz
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Philippe Wagner
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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32
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Saha J, Kim JH, Amaya CN, Witcher C, Khammanivong A, Korpela DM, Brown DR, Taylor J, Bryan BA, Dickerson EB. Propranolol Sensitizes Vascular Sarcoma Cells to Doxorubicin by Altering Lysosomal Drug Sequestration and Drug Efflux. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614288. [PMID: 33598432 PMCID: PMC7882688 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare cancer of blood vessel-forming cells with a high patient mortality and few treatment options. Although chemotherapy often produces initial clinical responses, outcomes remain poor, largely due to the development of drug resistance. We previously identified a subset of doxorubicin-resistant cells in human angiosarcoma and canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines that exhibit high lysosomal accumulation of doxorubicin. Hydrophobic, weak base chemotherapeutics, like doxorubicin, are known to sequester within lysosomes, promoting resistance by limiting drug accessibility to cellular targets. Drug synergy between the beta adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist, propranolol, and multiple chemotherapeutics has been documented in vitro, and clinical data have corroborated the increased therapeutic potential of propranolol with chemotherapy in angiosarcoma patients. Because propranolol is also a weak base and accumulates in lysosomes, we sought to determine whether propranolol enhanced doxorubicin cytotoxicity via antagonism of β-ARs or by preventing the lysosomal accumulation of doxorubicin. β-AR-like immunoreactivities were confirmed in primary tumor tissues and cell lines; receptor function was verified by monitoring downstream signaling pathways of β-ARs in response to receptor agonists and antagonists. Mechanistically, propranolol increased cytoplasmic doxorubicin concentrations in sarcoma cells by decreasing the lysosomal accumulation and cellular efflux of this chemotherapeutic agent. Equivalent concentrations of the receptor-active S-(-) and -inactive R-(+) enantiomers of propranolol produced similar effects, supporting a β-AR-independent mechanism. Long-term exposure of hemangiosarcoma cells to propranolol expanded both lysosomal size and number, yet cells remained sensitive to doxorubicin in the presence of propranolol. In contrast, removal of propranolol increased cellular resistance to doxorubicin, underscoring lysosomal doxorubicin sequestration as a key mechanism of resistance. Our results support the repurposing of the R-(+) enantiomer of propranolol with weak base chemotherapeutics to increase cytotoxicity and reduce the development of drug-resistant cell populations without the cardiovascular and other side effects associated with antagonism of β-ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhuma Saha
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Clarissa N Amaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States.,Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Caleb Witcher
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, United States
| | - Ali Khammanivong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Derek M Korpela
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - David R Brown
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Josephine Taylor
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, United States
| | - Brad A Bryan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States.,Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Erin B Dickerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Miura K, Kawano S, Suto T, Sato T, Chida N, Simizu S. Identification of madangamine A as a novel lysosomotropic agent to inhibit autophagy. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 34:116041. [PMID: 33549907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Madangamines are marine natural products isolated from Xestospongia ingens, and madangamine A-E with a different D-ring structure have been reported. We have reported that madangamine A has strong anti-proliferative activity against various human cancer cell lines. In this study, to clarify the anti-proliferative activity of madangamine A, we searched for molecular target of the madangamine A in human cells. Treatment with madangamine A increased the levels of LC3-II and p62, autophagy-related proteins, concomitant with growth inhibition. Moreover, madangamine A resulted in lysosome enlargement and increase in lysosomal pH, which are same phenomena observed in chloroquine-treated cells. These results suggest that madangamine A is a novel lysosome inhibitor, and the anti-proliferative activity of madangamine A is due to the inhibition of lysosome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kawano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Noritaka Chida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223-8522, Japan.
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Wu KJ, Wu C, Chen F, Cheng SS, Ma DL, Leung CH. Time-Resolved Luminescent High-Throughput Screening Platform for Lysosomotropic Compounds in Living Cells. ACS Sens 2021; 6:166-174. [PMID: 33356166 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that regulate protein degradation and cellular organelle recycling. Homeostatic alteration by lysosomotropic compounds has been suggested as a potential approach for the treatment of cancer. However, because of the high false-negative rate resulting from strong fluorescent background noise, few luminescent high-throughput screening methods for lysosomotropic compounds have been developed for cancer therapy. Imidazole is a five-membered heterocycle that can act within the acidic interior of lysosomes. To develop an efficient lysosomotropic compound screening system, we introduced an imidazole group to iridium-based complexes and designed a long-lifetime lysosomal probe to monitor lysosomal activity in living cells. By integrating time-resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES) with the novel iridium-based lysosomal probe, a high-throughput screening platform capable of overcoming background fluorescent interference in living cells was developed for discovering lysosomotropic drugs. As a proof-of-concept, 400 FDA/EMA-approved drugs were screened using the TRES system, revealing five compounds as potential lysosomotropic agents. Significantly, the most promising potent lysosomotropic compound (mitoxantrone) identified in this work would have showed less activity if screened using a commercial lysosomal probe because of interference from the intrinsic fluorescence of mitoxantrone. We anticipate that this TRES-based high-throughput screening system could facilitate the development of more lysosomotropic drugs by avoiding false results arising from the intrinsic fluorescence of both bioactive compounds and/or the cell background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Sha-Sha Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
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Levin M, Stark M, Ofran Y, Assaraf YG. Deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in relapsed AML patients: towards precision medicine overcoming drug resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:53. [PMID: 33446189 PMCID: PMC7809753 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a devastating disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than 30%. AML treatment has undergone significant changes in recent years, incorporating novel targeted therapies along with improvements in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation techniques. However, the standard of care remains cytarabine and anthracyclines, and the primary hindrance towards curative treatment is the frequent emergence of intrinsic and acquired anticancer drug resistance. In this respect, patients presenting with chemoresistant AML face dismal prognosis even with most advanced therapies. Herein, we aimed to explore the potential implementation of the characterization of chemoresistance mechanisms in individual AML patients towards efficacious personalized medicine. Methods Towards the identification of tailored treatments for individual patients, we herein present the cases of relapsed AML patients, and compare them to patients displaying durable remissions following the same chemotherapeutic induction treatment. We quantified the expression levels of specific genes mediating drug transport and metabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis, and apoptosis, in order to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying intrinsic and/or acquired chemoresistance modalities in relapsed patients. This was achieved by real-time PCR using patient cDNA, and could be readily implemented in the clinical setting. Results This analysis revealed pre-existing differences in gene expression levels between the relapsed patients and patients with lasting remissions, as well as drug-induced alterations at different relapse stages compared to diagnosis. Each of the relapsed patients displayed unique chemoresistance mechanisms following similar treatment protocols, which could have been missed in a large study aimed at identifying common drug resistance determinants. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the need for standardized evaluation of key drug transport and metabolism genes as an integral component of routine AML management, thereby allowing for the selection of treatments of choice for individual patients. This approach could facilitate the design of efficacious personalized treatment regimens, thereby reducing relapse rates of therapy refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Levin
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Dept. of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Stark
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Dept. of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yishai Ofran
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Dept. of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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Tian AL, Wu Q, Liu P, Zhao L, Martins I, Kepp O, Leduc M, Kroemer G. Lysosomotropic agents including azithromycin, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine activate the integrated stress response. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:6. [PMID: 33414432 PMCID: PMC7790317 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The integrated stress response manifests with the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) on serine residue 51 and plays a major role in the adaptation of cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress in the initiation of autophagy and in the ignition of immune responses. Here, we report that lysosomotropic agents, including azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, can trigger eIF2α phosphorylation in vitro (in cultured human cells) and, as validated for hydroxychloroquine, in vivo (in mice). Cells bearing a non-phosphorylatable eIF2α mutant (S51A) failed to accumulate autophagic puncta in response to azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine. Conversely, two inhibitors of eIF2α dephosphorylation, nelfinavir and salubrinal, enhanced the induction of such autophagic puncta. Altogether, these results point to the unexpected capacity of azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine to elicit the integrated stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Tian
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Qi Wu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Marion Leduc
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Amini Pouya M, Afshani SM, Maghsoudi AS, Hassani S, Mirnia K. Classification of the present pharmaceutical agents based on the possible effective mechanism on the COVID-19 infection. Daru 2020; 28:745-764. [PMID: 32734518 PMCID: PMC7391927 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are several types of research on the COVID-19 disease which have been conducting. It seems that prevailing over the pandemic would be achieved only by mastering over the virus pathophysiology. We tried to categorize the massive amount of available information for useful interpretation. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We searched databases with different keywords and search strategies that focus on virulence and pathophysiology of COVID-19. The present review has aimed to gather and categorize all implemented drugs based on the susceptible virulence mechanisms, and the pathophysiological events in the host cells, discussing and suggesting treatments. RESULTS As a result, the COVID-19 lifecycle were categorized as following steps: "Host Cell Attachment" which is mainly conducted with ACE2 receptors and TMPRSS2 from the host cell and Spike (S) protein, "Endocytosis Pathway" which is performed mainly by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and "Viral Replication" which contains translation and replication of RNA viral genome. The virus pathogenicity is continued by "Inflammatory Reactions" which mainly caused moderate to severe COVID-19 disease. Besides, the possible effective therapeutics' mechanism and the pharmaceutical agents that had at least one experience as a preclinical or clinical study on COVID-19 were clearly defined. CONCLUSION The treatment protocol would be occasional based on the stage of the infection and the patient situation. The cocktail of medicines, which could affect almost all mentioned stages of COVID-19 disease, might be vital for patients with severe phenomena. The classification of the possible mechanism of medicines based on COVID-19 pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amini Pouya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh Maryam Afshani
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Salek Maghsoudi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kayvan Mirnia
- Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hassanin I, Elzoghby A. Albumin-based nanoparticles: a promising strategy to overcome cancer drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:930-946. [PMID: 35582218 PMCID: PMC8992568 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circumvention of cancer drug resistance is one of the major investigations in nanomedicine. In this regard, nanotechnology-based drug delivery has offered various implications. However, protein-based nanocarriers have been a versatile choice compared to other nanomaterials, provided by their favorable characteristics and safety profiles. Specifically, albumin-based nanoparticles have been demonstrated to be an effective drug delivery system, owing to the inherent targeting modalities of albumin, through gp60- and SPARC-mediated receptor endocytosis. Furthermore, surface functionalization was exploited for active targeting, due to albumin’s abundance of carboxylic and amino groups. Stimuli-responsive drug release has also been pertained to albumin nano-systems. Therefore, albumin-based nanocarriers could potentially overcome cancer drug resistance through bypassing drug efflux, enhancing drug uptake, and improving tumor accumulation. Moreover, albumin nanocarriers improve the stability of various therapeutic cargos, for instance, nucleic acids, which allows their systemic administration. This review highlights the recent applications of albumin nanoparticles to overcome cancer drug resistance, the nano-fabrication techniques, as well as future perspectives and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Hassanin
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.,Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.,Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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COVID-19 and antimalarials. Have we been doing it wrong all along? Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173694. [PMID: 33130275 PMCID: PMC7604012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, associations of drugs which interfere with specific steps of the viral infectious cycle are currently being exploited as therapeutic strategies since a specific treatment by vaccination is still unavailable. A widespread association of repurposed agents is the combination of the antimalarial drug Hydroxychloroquine and the macrolide antibiotic Azithromycin in the setting of clinical trials. But a closer analysis of their mechanism of action suggests that their concomitant administration may be impractical, and this is supported by experimental data with other agents of the same classes. However a sequential administration of the lysosomotropic antimalarial with the addition of the macrolide proton pump inhibitor after the first has reached a certain threshold could better exploit their antiviral potential.
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40
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Korolenko TA, Johnston TP, Vetvicka V. Lysosomotropic Features and Autophagy Modulators among Medical Drugs: Evaluation of Their Role in Pathologies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215052. [PMID: 33143272 PMCID: PMC7662698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of lysosomotropic agents significantly changed numerous aspects of cellular biochemistry, biochemical pharmacology, and clinical medicine. In the present review, we focused on numerous low-molecular and high-molecular lipophilic basic compounds and on the role of lipophagy and autophagy in experimental and clinical medicine. Attention was primarily focused on the most promising agents acting as autophagy inducers, which offer a new window for treatment and/or prophylaxis of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease, and atherosclerosis. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the lysosomotropic features of medical drugs, as well as autophagy inducers, and their role in pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Korolenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakova Str. 4, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kuwahara T, Funakawa K, Komori T, Sakurai M, Yoshii G, Eguchi T, Fukuda M, Iwatsubo T. Roles of lysosomotropic agents on LRRK2 activation and Rab10 phosphorylation. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105081. [PMID: 32919031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), the major causative gene product of autosomal-dominant Parkinson's disease, is a protein kinase that phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases. Since pathogenic LRRK2 mutations increase its ability to phosphorylate Rab GTPases, elucidating the mechanisms of how Rab phosphorylation is regulated by LRRK2 is of great importance. We have previously reported that chloroquine-induced lysosomal stress facilitates LRRK2 phosphorylation of Rab10 to maintain lysosomal homeostasis. Here we reveal that Rab10 phosphorylation by LRRK2 is potently stimulated by treatment of cells with a set of lysosome stressors and clinically used lysosomotropic drugs. These agents commonly promoted the formation of LRRK2-coated enlarged lysosomes and extracellular release of lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B, the latter being dependent on LRRK2 kinase activity. In contrast to the increase in Rab10 phosphorylation, treatment with lysosomotropic drugs did not increase the enzymatic activity of LRRK2, as monitored by its autophosphorylation at Ser1292 residue, but rather enhanced the molecular proximity between LRRK2 and its substrate Rab GTPases on the cytosolic surface of lysosomes. Lysosomotropic drug-induced upregulation of Rab10 phosphorylation was likely a downstream event of Rab29 (Rab7L1)-mediated enzymatic activation of LRRK2. These results suggest a regulated process of Rab10 phosphorylation by LRRK2 that is associated with lysosomal overload stress, and provide insights into the novel strategies to halt the aberrant upregulation of LRRK2 kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kuwahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kai Funakawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Komori
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Maria Sakurai
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Gen Yoshii
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoya Eguchi
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Alshafie W, Pan YE, Kreienkamp HJ, Stroh T. Characterization of agonist-dependent somatostatin receptor subtype 2 trafficking in neuroendocrine cells. Endocrine 2020; 69:655-669. [PMID: 32383089 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatostatin (SOM) receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) is the major receptor subtype mediating SOM effects throughout the neuraxis. We previously demonstrated that the non-selective agonist [D-Trp8]-SOM induces intracellular sequestration of SSTR2, whereas this receptor is maintained at the cell surface after treatment with the SSTR2-selective agonist L-779,976 in cells co-expressing SSTR2 and SSTR5. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we knocked-out SSTR5 in AtT20 cells endogenously expressing both SSTR2 and SSTR5 and used immuno-labeling and confocal microscopy to investigate the effect of SSTR5 on regulation of SSTR2 trafficking. Our results indicate that unlike [D-Trp8]-SOM-induced intracellular sequestration, L-779,976 stimulation results in the maintenance of SSTR2 at the cell surface regardless of whether SSTR5 is present or not. We then examined the trafficking pathways of SSTR2 upon stimulation by either agonist. We found that both [D-Trp8]-SOM and L-779,976 induce SSTR2 internalization via transferrin-positive vesicles. However, SSTR2 internalized upon L-779,976 treatment undergoes rapid recycling to the plasma membrane, whereas receptors internalized by [D-Trp8]-SOM recycle slowly after washout of the agonist. Furthermore, [D-Trp8]-SOM stimulation induces degradation of a fraction of internalized SSTR2 whereas L-779,976-dependent, rapid SSTR2 recycling appears to protect internalized SSTR2 from degradation. In addition, Octreotide which has preferential SSTR2 affinity, induced differential effects on both SSTR2 trafficking and degradation. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the biased agonistic property of L-779,976 protects against SSTR2 surface depletion by rapidly initiating SSTR2 recycling while SSTR5 does not regulate L-779-976-dependent SSTR2 trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Alshafie
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, and the Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Yingzhou Edward Pan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, and the Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stroh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, and the Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Upregulation of DR5 and Downregulation of Survivin by IITZ-01, Lysosomotropic Autophagy Inhibitor, Potentiates TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis in Renal Cancer Cells via Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092363. [PMID: 32825566 PMCID: PMC7564912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively is able to increase apoptosis in cancer cells as agent with minimum toxicity to noncancerous cells. However, all cancer cells are not sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In this study, we showed the sub-lethal concentrations of a lysosomotropic autophagy inhibitor, IITZ-01, sensitizes cancer cells (renal, lung, and breast carcinoma) to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation and survivin downregulation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Knockdown of DR5 or overexpression of survivin inhibited combined treatment with IITZ-01 and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. IITZ-01 downregulated protein expression of Cbl, ubiquitin E3 ligase, and decreased expression level of Cbl markedly led to increase DR5 protein expression and TRAIL sensitivity. Moreover, IITZ-01 decreased expression level of survivin protein via downregulation of deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X) expression. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that IITZ-01 enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through DR5 stabilization by downregulation of Cbl and USP9X-dependent survivin ubiquitination and degradation in renal carcinoma cells.
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Lesire L, Chaput L, Cruz De Casas P, Rousseau F, Piveteau C, Dumont J, Pointu D, Déprez B, Leroux F. High-Throughput Image-Based Aggresome Quantification. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 25:783-791. [PMID: 32449635 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220919708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aggresomes are subcellular perinuclear structures where misfolded proteins accumulate by retrograde transport on microtubules. Different methods are available to monitor aggresome formation, but they are often laborious, time-consuming, and not quantitative. Proteostat is a red fluorescent molecular rotor dye, which becomes brightly fluorescent when it binds to protein aggregates. As this reagent was previously validated to detect aggresomes, we have miniaturized its use in 384-well plates and developed a method for high-throughput imaging and quantification of aggresomes. Two different image analysis methods, including one with machine learning, were evaluated. They lead to similar robust data to quantify cells having aggresome, with satisfactory Z' factor values and reproducible EC50 values for compounds known to induce aggresome formation, like proteasome inhibitors. We demonstrated the relevance of this phenotypic assay by screening a chemical library of 1280 compounds to find aggresome modulators. We obtained hits that present similarities in their structural and physicochemical properties. Interestingly, some of them were previously described to modulate autophagy, which could explain their effect on aggresome structures. In summary, we have optimized and validated the Proteostat detection reagent to easily measure aggresome formation in a miniaturized, automated, quantitative, and high-content assay. This assay can be used at low, middle, or high throughput to quantify changes in aggresome formation that could help in the understanding of chemical compound activity in pathologies such as protein misfolding disorders or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Lesire
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ludovic Chaput
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Paulina Cruz De Casas
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fanny Rousseau
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Julie Dumont
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - David Pointu
- Succursale France, GE Healthcare Europe GmbH, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
| | - Benoît Déprez
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Florence Leroux
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Influence of Selected Antidepressants on the Ciliated Protozoan Spirostomum ambiguum: Toxicity, Bioaccumulation, and Biotransformation Products. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071476. [PMID: 32218111 PMCID: PMC7180767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the most common antidepressants on aquatic protozoa. Spirostomum ambiguum was used as the model protozoan. The biological activity of four antidepressants, namely fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, and mianserin, toward S. ambiguum was evaluated. Sertraline was found to be the most toxic drug with EC50 values of 0.2 to 0.7 mg/L. The toxicity of the antidepressants depended on the pH of the medium and was the highest in alkaline conditions. Sertraline was also the most bioaccumulating compound tested, followed by mianserin. Slow depuration was observed after transferring the protozoa from the drug solutions to a fresh medium, which indicated possible lysosomotropism of the tested antidepressants in the protozoa. The biotransformation products were identified using a high-resolution mass spectrometer after two days of incubation of the protozoa with the tested antidepressants. Four to six potential biotransformation products were observed in the aqueous phase, while no metabolites were detected in the protozoan cells. Because of the low abundance of metabolites in the medium, their structure was not determined.
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Abstract
Sphingosine, ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and other related sphingolipids have emerged as important bioactive molecules involved in a variety of key cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, exosome release, and inter- and intracellular cell communication, making the pathways of sphingolipid metabolism a key domain in maintaining cell homeostasis (Hannun and Obeid, Trends Biochem Sci 20:73-77, 1995; Hannun and Obeid, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:139-150, 2008; Kosaka et al., J Biol Chem 288:10849-10859, 2013). Various studies have determined that these pathways play a central role in regulating intracellular production of ceramide and the other bioactive sphingolipids and hence are an important component of signaling in various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases (Chaube et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1821:313-323, 2012; Clarke et al., Adv Enzyme Regul 51:51-58, 2011b; Horres and Hannun, Neurochem Res 37:1137-1149, 2012). In this chapter, we discuss one of the major enzyme classes in producing ceramide, sphingomyelinases (SMases), from a biochemical and structural perspective with an emphasis on their applicability as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Shanbhogue
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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47
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Janek T, Rodrigues LR, Gudiña EJ, Burger J. Synergistic effect of hen egg white lysozyme and lysosomotropic surfactants on cell viability and membrane permeability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 185:110598. [PMID: 31683205 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between two types of quaternary ammonium surfactants (N,N,N-trimethyl-2-(dodecanoyloxy)ethaneammonium bromide (DMM-11) and N,N,N-trimethyl-2-(dodecanoyloxy)propaneammonium bromide (DMPM-11)) and hen egg white lysozyme were studied through several techniques, including isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy, and surface tension measurement. The average number of surfactants interacting with each molecule of lysozyme was calculated from the biophysical results. Moreover, the CD results showed that the conformation of lysozyme changed in the presence of DMM-11 and DMPM-11. The studies drew a detailed picture on the physicochemical nature of interactions between both surfactants and lysozyme. Both DMM-11 and DMPM-11, with and without lysozyme were studied against three target microorganisms, including Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus faecalis) bacteria. The results revealed a broad spectrum of antibacterial nature of surfactant/lysozyme complexes, as well as their effect on the membrane damage, hence providing the basis to further explore DMM-11 and DMPM-11 combined with lysozyme as possible antibacterial tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo J Gudiña
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joanna Burger
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
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Luo X, Gao J, Cao M, Xiang C, Zhang Y, Sun T, Xie H, Lei Q, Fang W. Tuning the conformations of hemoglobin via interactions with single-chain and Gemini quaternary ammonium surfactants. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Juliano RL, Wang L, Tavares F, Brown EG, James L, Ariyarathna Y, Ming X, Mao C, Suto M. Structure-activity relationships and cellular mechanism of action of small molecules that enhance the delivery of oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:1601-1613. [PMID: 29361039 PMCID: PMC5829638 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides are hindered by the tendency of these molecules to become entrapped in endomembrane compartments thus failing to reach their targets in the cytosol or nucleus. We have previously used high throughput screening to identify small molecules that enhance the escape of oligonucleotides from intracellular membrane compartments and have termed such molecules OECs (oligonucleotide enhancing compounds). Here, we report on the structure-activity relationships of a family of OECs that are analogs of a hit that emerged from our original screen. These studies demonstrate key roles for the lipophilic aromatic groups, the tertiary nitrogen, and the carbamate moiety of the parent compound. We have also investigated the intracellular site of action of the OECs and have shown that activity is due to the release of oligonucleotides from intermediate endosomal compartments rather than from early endosomes or from highly acidic downstream compartments. At high concentrations of OECs toxicity occurs in a manner that is independent of caspases or of lysosomal cathepsins but instead involves increased plasma membrane permeability. Thus, in addition to describing specific characteristics of this family of OECs, the current study provides insights into basic mechanisms of oligonucleotide trafficking and their implications for oligonucleotide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph L Juliano
- Initos Pharmaceuticals LLC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Initos Pharmaceuticals LLC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Francis Tavares
- Chemogenics Biopharma, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Edward G Brown
- Chemogenics Biopharma, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lindsey James
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Xin Ming
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Chengqiong Mao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mark Suto
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
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50
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Ferguson MW, Gerak CAN, Chow CCT, Rastelli EJ, Elmore KE, Stahl F, Hosseini-Farahabadi S, Baradaran-Heravi A, Coltart DM, Roberge M. The antimalarial drug mefloquine enhances TP53 premature termination codon readthrough by aminoglycoside G418. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216423. [PMID: 31120902 PMCID: PMC6532957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsense mutations constitute ~10% of TP53 mutations in cancer. They introduce a premature termination codon that gives rise to truncated p53 protein with impaired function. The aminoglycoside G418 can induce TP53 premature termination codon readthrough and thus increase cellular levels of full-length protein. Small molecule phthalimide derivatives that can enhance the readthrough activity of G418 have also been described. To determine whether readthrough enhancers exist among drugs that are already approved for use in humans, we tested seven antimalarial drugs for readthrough of the common R213X TP53 nonsense mutation in HDQ-P1 breast cancer cells. Mefloquine induced no TP53 readthrough activity as a single agent but it strongly potentiated readthrough by G418. The two enantiomers composing pharmaceutical mefloquine potentiated readthrough to similar levels in HDQ-P1 cells and also in SW900, NCI-H1688 and HCC1937 cancer cells with different TP53 nonsense mutations. Exposure to G418 and mefloquine increased p53 phosphorylation at Ser15 and P21 transcript levels following DNA damage, indicating p53 produced via readthrough was functional. Mefloquine does not appear to enhance readthrough via lysosomotropic effects as it did not significantly affect lysosomal pH, the cellular levels of G418 or its distribution in organellar or cytosolic fractions. The availability of a readthrough enhancer that is already approved for use in humans should facilitate study of the therapeutic potential of TP53 readthrough in preclinical cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Ferguson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chloe A. N. Gerak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christalle C. T. Chow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ettore J. Rastelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kyle E. Elmore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Florian Stahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara Hosseini-Farahabadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alireza Baradaran-Heravi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Don M. Coltart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michel Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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