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Singh A, Singh D, Tiwari N, Mittal P, Siddiqui MH, Mittal N. Exploring the therapeutic potential of rosemary compounds against Alzheimer's disease through GC-MS and molecular docking analysis. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:63. [PMID: 39035101 PMCID: PMC11254900 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder that is the leading cause of dementia in elderly individuals. Currently, there is no permanent treatment option available for this disorder, and the existing drug regimens are associated with limited effectiveness and side effects. To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of rosemary compounds, an extensive study was started with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. GC-MS was performed to study the composition of rosemary essential oil and a total of 120 volatile compounds were identified. The 36 compounds from GC-MS data of rosemary essential oil having > 1% concentration in the oil were selected along with 3 already reported well-known non-volatile compounds of rosemary. se39 bioactive natural compounds of rosemary were docked against ACE, BACE1, GSK3, and TACE proteins, which are involved in AD progression. The top 3 compounds against each target protein were selected based on their binding energies and a total of 6 compounds were found as best candidates to target the AD; α Amyrin, Rosmanol, Androsta-1,4-dien-3-one,16,17-dihydroxy-(16.beta.,17.beta), Benzenesulfonamide,4-methyl-N-(5-nitro-2-pyridinyl), Methyl abietate, and Rosmarinic acid were the best compounds. The binding energy of α-Amyrin, Rosmanol, and Androsta-1,4-dien-3-one,16,17-dihydroxy-(16.beta.,17.beta) to ACE target is -10 kcal/mol, -9.3 kcal/mol, and - 9.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The best binding affinity was shown by complexes formed between GSK3-α-Amyrin (-9.1 kcal/mol), BACE1- α-Amyrin (-9.9 kcal/mol), and TACE- Benzenesulfonamide,4-methyl-N-(5-nitro-2-pyridinyl) (-9.1 kcal/mol). The comparative analysis between known inhibitors/ drugs of target proteins and the rosemary compound that shows the highest binding affinity against each protein also revealed the higher potential of rosemary natural compounds in terms of binding energy. The drug-likeliness properties like Lipinski's rule of five and the ADME/T analysis of top-selected compounds were screened through PkCSM and Deep-PK tools. The findings from this study suggested that rosemary compounds have the potential as a therapeutic lead for treating AD. This kind of experimental confirmation can lead to novel drug candidates against the pharmacological targets of AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-024-00238-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Singh
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow-Dewa Road, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh 225003 India
| | - Dhananjay Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026 India
| | - Neeraj Tiwari
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow-Dewa Road, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh 225003 India
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401 India
| | - Mohammed Haris Siddiqui
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026 India
| | - Nishu Mittal
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow-Dewa Road, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh 225003 India
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Li B, Shi X, Chen E, Wu X. Improvement effects of cyclic peptides from Annona squamosa on cognitive decline in neuroinflammatory mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1437-1448. [PMID: 38585570 PMCID: PMC10992170 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptides can resist enzymatic hydrolysis to pass through the intestine barrier, which may reduce the risk of mild cognition decline. But evidence is lacking on whether they work by alleviating neuroinflammation. A cylic peptide from Annona squamosa, Cylic(PIYAG), was biologically evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Cylic(PIYAG) enhanced the spatial memory ability of LPS-induced mice. And treatment with Cylic(PIYAG) markedly reduced the iNOS, MCP-1, TNF-α, and gp91phox expression induced by LPS. Cylic(PIYAG, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.2 μM) could significantly reduce the protein expression level of COX-2 and iNOS (P < 0.05) in BV2 cells. The concentration of Cylic(PIYAG) in blood reached a peak of 3.64 ± 1.22 μg/ml after intragastric administration in 1 h. And fluorescence microscope shows that Cylic(PIYAG) mainly locates and may play an anti-inflammatory role in the cytoplasm of microglia. This study demonstrates that the peptidic can prevent microglia activation, decrease the inflammatory reaction, improve the cognition of LPS-induced mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01441-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Neurology Department, Anqing Medical Center, Anhui Medical University, Anqing, China
| | - Xueying Shi
- Neurology Department, Anqing Medical Center, Anhui Medical University, Anqing, China
| | - Erhua Chen
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Anqing Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000 Anhui China
| | - Xiaocui Wu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
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Carroll KR, Mizrachi M, Simmons S, Toz B, Kowal C, Wingard J, Tehrani N, Zarfeshani A, Kello N, El Khoury L, Weissman-Tsukamoto R, Levin JZ, Volpe BT, Diamond B. Lupus autoantibodies initiate neuroinflammation sustained by continuous HMGB1:RAGE signaling and reversed by increased LAIR-1 expression. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:671-681. [PMID: 38448779 PMCID: PMC11141703 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a frequent manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, present in up to 80% of patients and leading to a diminished quality of life. In the present study, we used a model of lupus-like cognitive impairment that is initiated when antibodies that crossreact with excitatory neuronal receptors penetrate the hippocampus, causing immediate, self-limited, excitotoxic death of hippocampal neurons, which is then followed by a significant loss of dendritic complexity in surviving neurons. This injury creates a maladaptive equilibrium that is sustained in mice for at least 1 year. We identified a feedforward loop of microglial activation and microglia-dependent synapse elimination dependent on neuronal secretion of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) which binds the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and leads to microglial secretion of C1q, upregulation of interleukin-10 with consequent downregulation of leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR-1), an inhibitory receptor for C1q. Treatment with a centrally acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or with an angiotensin-receptor blocker restored a healthy equilibrium, microglial quiescence and intact spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin R Carroll
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Mark Mizrachi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Sean Simmons
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bahtiyar Toz
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Czeslawa Kowal
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wingard
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Nazila Tehrani
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Aida Zarfeshani
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joshua Z Levin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce T Volpe
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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Denomme MM, McCallie BR, Haywood ME, Parks JC, Schoolcraft WB, Katz-Jaffe MG. Paternal aging impacts expression and epigenetic markers as early as the first embryonic tissue lineage differentiation. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:32. [PMID: 38532526 PMCID: PMC10964547 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced paternal age (APA) is associated with adverse outcomes to offspring health, including increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the methylome and transcriptome of the first two early embryonic tissue lineages, the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE), from human blastocysts in association with paternal age and disease risk. High quality human blastocysts were donated with patient consent from donor oocyte IVF cycles from either APA (≥ 50 years) or young fathers. Blastocysts were mechanically separated into ICM and TE lineage samples for both methylome and transcriptome analyses. RESULTS Significant differential methylation and transcription was observed concurrently in ICM and TE lineages of APA-derived blastocysts compared to those from young fathers. The methylome revealed significant enrichment for neuronal signaling pathways, as well as an association with neurodevelopmental disorders and imprinted genes, largely overlapping within both the ICM and TE lineages. Significant enrichment of neurodevelopmental signaling pathways was also observed for differentially expressed genes, but only in the ICM. In stark contrast, no significant signaling pathways or gene ontology terms were identified in the trophectoderm. Despite normal semen parameters in aged fathers, these significant molecular alterations can adversely contribute to downstream impacts on offspring health, in particular neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS An increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders is well described in children conceived by aged fathers. Using blastocysts derived from donor oocyte IVF cycles to strategically control for maternal age, our data reveals evidence of methylation dysregulation in both tissue lineages, as well as transcription dysregulation in neurodevelopmental signaling pathways associated with APA fathers. This data also reveals that embryos derived from APA fathers do not appear to be compromised for initial implantation potential with no significant pathway signaling disruption in trophectoderm transcription. Collectively, our work provides insights into the complex molecular mechanisms that occur upon paternal aging during the first lineage differentiation in the preimplantation embryo. Early expression and epigenetic markers of APA-derived preimplantation embryos highlight the susceptibility of the future fetus to adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blair R McCallie
- CCRM Genetics, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, CO, 80124, USA
| | - Mary E Haywood
- CCRM Genetics, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, CO, 80124, USA
| | - Jason C Parks
- CCRM Genetics, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, CO, 80124, USA
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Danilov SM, Adzhubei IA, Kozuch AJ, Petukhov PA, Popova IA, Choudhury A, Sengupta D, Dudek SM. Carriers of Heterozygous Loss-of-Function ACE Mutations Are at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2024; 12:162. [PMID: 38255267 PMCID: PMC10813023 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that subjects with heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) ACE mutations are at risk for Alzheimer's disease because amyloid Aβ42, a primary component of the protein aggregates that accumulate in the brains of AD patients, is cleaved by ACE (angiotensin I-converting enzyme). Thus, decreased ACE activity in the brain, either due to genetic mutation or the effects of ACE inhibitors, could be a risk factor for AD. To explore this hypothesis in the current study, existing SNP databases were analyzed for LoF ACE mutations using four predicting tools, including PolyPhen-2, and compared with the topology of known ACE mutations already associated with AD. The combined frequency of >400 of these LoF-damaging ACE mutations in the general population is quite significant-up to 5%-comparable to the frequency of AD in the population > 70 y.o., which indicates that the contribution of low ACE in the development of AD could be under appreciated. Our analysis suggests several mechanisms by which ACE mutations may be associated with Alzheimer's disease. Systematic analysis of blood ACE levels in patients with all ACE mutations is likely to have clinical significance because available sequencing data will help detect persons with increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Patients with transport-deficient ACE mutations (about 20% of damaging ACE mutations) may benefit from preventive or therapeutic treatment with a combination of chemical and pharmacological (e.g., centrally acting ACE inhibitors) chaperones and proteosome inhibitors to restore impaired surface ACE expression, as was shown previously by our group for another transport-deficient ACE mutation-Q1069R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M. Danilov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Ivan A. Adzhubei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Alexander J. Kozuch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Pavel A. Petukhov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Isolda A. Popova
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Dhriti Sengupta
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
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Villapol S, Janatpour ZC, Affram KO, Symes AJ. The Renin Angiotensin System as a Therapeutic Target in Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1565-1591. [PMID: 37759139 PMCID: PMC10684482 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, with limited pharmacological options available beyond symptomatic relief. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is primarily known as a systemic endocrine regulatory system, with major roles controlling blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Drugs that target the RAS are used to treat hypertension, heart failure and kidney disorders. They have now been used chronically by millions of people and have a favorable safety profile. In addition to the systemic RAS, it is now appreciated that many different organ systems, including the brain, have their own local RAS. The major ligand of the classic RAS, Angiotensin II (Ang II) acts predominantly through the Ang II Type 1 receptor (AT1R), leading to vasoconstriction, inflammation, and heightened oxidative stress. These processes can exacerbate brain injuries. Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs) are AT1R antagonists. They have been shown in several preclinical studies to enhance recovery from TBI in rodents through improvements in molecular, cellular and behavioral correlates of injury. ARBs are now under consideration for clinical trials in TBI. Several different RAS peptides that signal through receptors distinct from the AT1R, are also potential therapeutic targets for TBI. The counter regulatory RAS pathway has actions that oppose those stimulated by AT1R signaling. This alternative pathway has many beneficial effects on cells in the central nervous system, bringing about vasodilation, and having anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress actions. Stimulation of this pathway also has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of TBI. This comprehensive review will provide an overview of the various components of the RAS, with a focus on their direct relevance to TBI pathology. It will explore different therapeutic agents that modulate this system and assess their potential efficacy in treating TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Villapol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary C Janatpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kwame O Affram
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Aviva J Symes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Qaisar R, Karim A, Iqbal MS, Alkahtani SA, Ahmad F, Kamli H. ACE Inhibitors Improve Skeletal Muscle by Preserving Neuromuscular Junctions in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD230201. [PMID: 37334602 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and skeletal muscle decline are common findings in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors preserve skeletal muscle and physical capacity; however, the driving mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of ACE inhibitors on the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) with relevance to skeletal muscle and physical capacity in AD patients and age-matched controls. METHODS We evaluated controls (n = 59) and three groups of AD patients, including normotensive (n = 51) and patients with hypertension taking ACE inhibitors (n = 53) or other anti-hypertensive medications (n = 49) at baseline and one year later. We measure plasma c-terminal agrin fragment-22 (CAF22) as a marker of NMJ degradation, handgrip strength (HGS), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) as markers of physical capacity. RESULTS At baseline AD patients demonstrated lower HGS and SPPB scores and higher CAF22 levels than controls, irrespective of the hypertension status (all p < 0.05). The use of ACE inhibitors was associated with higher HGS and relative maintenance of SPPB scores, gait speed, and plasma CAF22 levels. Conversely, other anti-hypertensive medications were associated with an unaltered HGS, reduced SPPB scores and elevated plasma CAF22 levels (both p < 0.05). We also found dynamic associations of CAF22 with HGS, gait speed, and SPPB in AD patients taking ACE inhibitors (all p < 0.05). These changes were associated with reduced oxidative stress in AD patients taking ACE inhibitors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Altogether, ACE inhibitors are associated with higher HGS, preserved physical capacity, and the prevention of NMJ degradation in hypertensive AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asima Karim
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shaea A Alkahtani
- Exercise Physiology Department, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hossam Kamli
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Kunvariya AD, Dave SA, Modi ZJ, Patel PK, Sagar SR. Exploration of multifaceted molecular mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in pathogenesis of various diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15644. [PMID: 37153428 PMCID: PMC10160752 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homolog of ACE (a transmembrane bound dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme). ACE2 converts angiotensinogen to the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7). ACE2 and its product, angiotensin-(1-7), have counteracting effects against the adverse actions of other members of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). ACE2 and its principal product, angiotensin-(1-7), were considered an under recognized arm of the RAS. The COVID-19 pandemic brought to light this arm of RAS with special focus on ACE2. Membrane bound ACE2 serves as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry through spike proteins. Apart from that, ACE2 is also involved in the pathogenesis of various other diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and infertility. The present review focuses on the molecular mechanism of ACE2 in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, infertility and respiratory diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes unveiled roles of ACE2 in the pathogenesis of various diseases which further provides intriguing possibilities for the use of ACE2 activators and RAS modulating agents for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi D. Kunvariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Shivani A. Dave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Zeal J. Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Paresh K. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Sneha R. Sagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
- Corresponding author.
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Teruel-Peña B, Gómez-Urquiza JL, Suleiman-Martos N, Prieto I, García-Cózar FJ, Ramírez-Sánchez M, Fernández-Martos C, Domínguez-Vías G. Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Aminopeptidases as Prognostic Biomarkers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087169. [PMID: 37108335 PMCID: PMC10138961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral cortex. Biomarkers for ALS are essential for disease detection and to provide information on potential therapeutic targets. Aminopeptidases catalyze the cleavage of amino acids from the amino terminus of protein or substrates such as neuropeptides. Since certain aminopeptidases are known to increase the risk of neurodegeneration, such mechanisms may reveal new targets to determine their association with ALS risk and their interest as a diagnostic biomarker. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to identify reported aminopeptidases genetic loci associated with the risk of ALS. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, LILACS, and Cochrane databases were searched to retrieve eligible studies in English or Spanish, published up to 27 January 2023. A total of 16 studies were included in this systematic review, where a series of aminopeptidases could be related to ALS and could be promising biomarkers (DPP1, DPP2, DPP4, LeuAP, pGluAP, and PSA/NPEPPS). The literature reported the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs10260404 and rs17174381) with the risk of ALS. The genetic variation rs10260404 in the DPP6 gene was identified to be highly associated with ALS susceptibility, but meta-analyses of genotypes in five studies in a matched cohort of different ancestry (1873 cases and 1861 control subjects) showed no ALS risk association. Meta-analyses of eight studies for minor allele frequency (MAF) also found no ALS association for the "C" allele. The systematic review identified aminopeptidases as possible biomarkers. However, the meta-analyses for rs1060404 of DPP6 do not show a risk associated with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Teruel-Peña
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ceuta University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - José Luís Gómez-Urquiza
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ceuta University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Nora Suleiman-Martos
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Germán Domínguez-Vías
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ceuta University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
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Pan X, Yun J, Coban Akdemir ZH, Jiang X, Wu E, Huang JH, Sahni N, Yi SS. AI-DrugNet: A network-based deep learning model for drug repurposing and combination therapy in neurological disorders. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1533-1542. [PMID: 36879885 PMCID: PMC9984442 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering effective therapies is difficult for neurological and developmental disorders in that disease progression is often associated with a complex and interactive mechanism. Over the past few decades, few drugs have been identified for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially for impacting the causes of cell death in AD. Although drug repurposing is gaining more success in developing therapeutic efficacy for complex diseases such as common cancer, the complications behind AD require further study. Here, we developed a novel prediction framework based on deep learning to identify potential repurposed drug therapies for AD, and more importantly, our framework is broadly applicable and may generalize to identifying potential drug combinations in other diseases. Our prediction framework is as follows: we first built a drug-target pair (DTP) network based on multiple drug features and target features, as well as the associations between DTP nodes where drug-target pairs are the DTP nodes and the associations between DTP nodes are represented as the edges in the AD disease network; furthermore, we incorporated the drug-target feature from the DTP network and the relationship information between drug-drug, target-target, drug-target within and outside of drug-target pairs, representing each drug-combination as a quartet to generate corresponding integrated features; finally, we developed an AI-based Drug discovery Network (AI-DrugNet), which exhibits robust predictive performance. The implementation of our network model help identify potential repurposed and combination drug options that may serve to treat AD and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxin Pan
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jun Yun
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zeynep H. Coban Akdemir
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA
- Department of Surgery, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jason H. Huang
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA
- Department of Surgery, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S. Stephen Yi
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs (ILSGP), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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11
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Mafakher L, Rismani E, Saeedi M, Emami MMRHM, Hadjiakhoondi A, Najafi Z, Manayi A. Investigation of biological activities of two cultivars of Cicer arietinum proteins mass associated with Alzheimer's disease. Proteins 2023. [PMID: 36729014 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, with some known classical factors. Cicer arietinum (Leguminosae) is a source of protein for humans and contains albumin, globulin, glutelin, and prolamin. The protein content of two cultivars of C. arietinum, Hashem and Mansour, was isolated to evaluate their inhibition activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholine esterase (BChE), and β-amyloid peptide (βA) aggregation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and molecular docking were also applied to evaluate the content and determine the potential of each chickpea protein to interact with AChE, respectively. Obtained data showed that proteins from both cultivars could inhibit AChE with IC50 of 17.73 (0.03) and 22.20 (0.06) μg/mL, respectively, with no activity on BChE. The 50 μg/mL protein concentration of each cultivar suppressed βA accumulation (Mansour: 25.66% and Hashem: 21.69%) and showed biometal chelating activity. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed relatively different protein patterns, though the Mansour cultivar contained some protein bands with molecular weights of 18, 24, and 70 kDa were estimated to belong to vicilin and legumin, which were absent in the Hashem protein mass. Molecular docking showed that legumin and especially vicilin have good potential to interact with AChE. The chickpea proteins showed inhibitory activity against AChE, which might be due to the vicilin and legumin fractions. The characterization of the inhibitory effect of each protein band could be promising in finding new therapeutic peptide candidates to treat Alzheimer's in the future, although more experimental work is needed in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Mafakher
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research center, Health research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Rismani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Hadjiakhoondi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Najafi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Manayi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Khatun S, Appidi T, Rengan AK. Casein nanoformulations - Potential biomaterials in theranostics. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Ryan DK, Karhunen V, Su B, Traylor M, Richardson TG, Burgess S, Tzoulaki I, Gill D. Genetic Evidence for Protective Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Against Alzheimer Disease But Not Other Neurodegenerative Diseases in European Populations. Neurol Genet 2022; 8:e200014. [PMID: 36046424 PMCID: PMC9425221 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a commonly prescribed class of medication used to treat heart failure, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. However, previous observational studies have shown conflicting directions of associations between ACE inhibitors and risk of Alzheimer disease. Genetic evidence has supported a protective effect of cerebral ACE against Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether this effect is mediated through blood pressure and extends to other neurodegenerative diseases. Methods We performed genetic colocalization investigating an effect of cortical ACE expression on AD risk in people of European ancestry. We further investigated whether any effect of ACE expression on AD risk is mediated through changes in blood pressure and whether effects extend to Parkinson disease, small-vessel disease, or cognitive function in a Mendelian randomization paradigm. Results There was genetic evidence supporting a protective effect of cortical ACE expression on AD risk in people of European ancestry. Although higher cortical ACE expression was associated with higher blood pressure, there was no strong evidence to support that its association with AD was mediated through blood pressure nor that ACE expression affected risk of other neurodegenerative traits. Discussion Genetic evidence supports protective effects of cerebral ACE expression on AD, but not other neurodegenerative outcomes in people of European ancestry. Further work is required to investigate whether therapeutic inhibition of ACE increases risk of Alzheimer disease.
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14
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Ishola I, Afolayan O, Badru A, Olubodun-Obadun T, John N, Adeyemi O. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril prevents neuronal overexpression of amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein in Drosophila melanogaster genetic models of neurodegenerative diseases. Niger J Physiol Sci 2022; 37:21-28. [PMID: 35947848 DOI: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by loss of selective neurons in discreet part of the brain. The peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) plays significant role in hippocampal and striatal neurons degeneration through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Blockade of the angiotensin converting enzyme or ATI receptors provides protection in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of captopril was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster model using the UAS-GAL4 system to express the synuclein and Aβ42 peptide in the flies' neurons. METHODS The disease causing human Aβ42 peptide or α-syn was expressed pan-neuronally (elav-GAL4) or dopamine neuron (DDC-GAL4) using the UAS-GAL4 system. Flies were either grown in food media with or without captopril (1, 5, or 10µM). This was followed by fecundity, larva motility, negative geotaxis assay (climbing) and lifespan as a measure of neurodegeneration. RESULTS Elav-Gal4<Aβ or DDC-GAL4<α-syn flies displayed significant decrease in larva motility when compared with normal control (w1118) which was reversed by the supplementation of the media with captopril (5 or 10 mM) indicative of neuroprotection. Interestingly, supplementation of flies' media with captopril improved climbing activity in Elav-Gal4<Aβ or DDC-GAL4<α-syn flies when compared with vehicle treated only. Moreover, flies grown on captopril caused no significant change in lifespan. Conclusion: Findings from this study confirmed the neuroprotective action of captopril in genetic or familial forms of neurodegeneration.
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Fakih W, Zeitoun R, AlZaim I, Eid AH, Kobeissy F, Abd-Elrahman KS, El-Yazbi AF. Early metabolic impairment as a contributor to neurodegenerative disease: Mechanisms and potential pharmacological intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:982-993. [PMID: 35470973 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome comprises a family of clinical and laboratory findings, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and hypertension, in addition to central obesity. The syndrome confers a high risk of cardiovascular mortality. Indeed, metabolic dysfunction has been shown to cause a direct insult to smooth muscle and endothelial components of the vasculature, which leads to vascular dysfunction and hyperreactivity. This, in turn, causes cerebral vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion, eventually contributing to cognitive deficits. Moreover, the metabolic syndrome disrupts key homeostatic processes in the brain, including apoptosis, autophagy, and neurogenesis. Impairment of such processes in the context of metabolic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases. The aim of this review is to elucidate the role that the metabolic syndrome plays in the pathogenesis of the latter disorders, with a focus on the role of perivascular adipose inflammation in the peripheral-to-central transduction of the inflammatory insult. This review delineates common signaling pathways that contribute to these pathologies. Moreover, the role of therapeutic agents aimed at treating the metabolic syndrome, as well as their risk factors that interfere with the aforementioned pathways, are discussed as potential interventions for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Fakih
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ralph Zeitoun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, New Alamein City, Egypt
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Hendrickx JO, Calus E, De Deyn PP, Van Dam D, De Meyer GRY. Short-Term Pharmacological Induction of Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension with Angiotensin II Does Not Affect Learning and Memory and Cerebral Amyloid Load in Two Murine Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2738. [PMID: 35269879 PMCID: PMC8910756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the unprecedented rise in the world's population, the prevalence of prominent age-related disorders, like cardiovascular disease and dementia, will further increase. Recent experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests a mechanistic overlap between cardiovascular disease and dementia with a specific focus on the linkage between arterial stiffness, a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, and/or hypertension with Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated whether pharmacological induction of arterial stiffness and hypertension with angiotensin II (1 µg·kg-1·min-1 for 28 days via an osmotic minipump) impairs the progression of Alzheimer's disease in two mouse models (hAPP23+/- and hAPPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice). Our results show increased arterial stiffness in vivo and hypertension in addition to cardiac hypertrophy after angiotensin II treatment. However, visuospatial learning and memory and pathological cerebral amyloid load in both Alzheimer's disease mouse models were not further impaired. It is likely that the 28-day treatment period with angiotensin II was too short to observe additional effects on cognition and cerebral pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhana O. Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Elke Calus
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.C.); (P.P.D.D.); (D.V.D.)
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.C.); (P.P.D.D.); (D.V.D.)
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.C.); (P.P.D.D.); (D.V.D.)
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abd Alla J, Quitterer U. The RAF Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP): Good as Tumour Suppressor, Bad for the Heart. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040654. [PMID: 35203304 PMCID: PMC8869954 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAF kinase inhibitor protein, RKIP, is a dual inhibitor of the RAF1 kinase and the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, GRK2. By inhibition of the RAF1-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway, RKIP acts as a beneficial tumour suppressor. By inhibition of GRK2, RKIP counteracts GRK2-mediated desensitisation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling. GRK2 inhibition is considered to be cardioprotective under conditions of exaggerated GRK2 activity such as heart failure. However, cardioprotective GRK2 inhibition and pro-survival RAF1-MAPK pathway inhibition counteract each other, because inhibition of the pro-survival RAF1-MAPK cascade is detrimental for the heart. Therefore, the question arises, what is the net effect of these apparently divergent functions of RKIP in vivo? The available data show that, on one hand, GRK2 inhibition promotes cardioprotective signalling in isolated cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, inhibition of the pro-survival RAF1-MAPK pathway by RKIP deteriorates cardiomyocyte viability. In agreement with cardiotoxic effects, endogenous RKIP promotes cardiac fibrosis under conditions of cardiac stress, and transgenic RKIP induces heart dysfunction. Supported by next-generation sequencing (NGS) data of the RKIP-induced cardiac transcriptome, this review provides an overview of different RKIP functions and explains how beneficial GRK2 inhibition can go awry by RAF1-MAPK pathway inhibition. Based on RKIP studies, requirements for the development of a cardioprotective GRK2 inhibitor are deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Abd Alla
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Ursula Quitterer
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-632-9801
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Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Wsol A, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Czarzasta K, Żera T. Multiple Aspects of Inappropriate Action of Renin-Angiotensin, Vasopressin, and Oxytocin Systems in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:908. [PMID: 35207180 PMCID: PMC8877782 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system and the central nervous system (CNS) closely cooperate in the regulation of primary vital functions. The autonomic nervous system and several compounds known as cardiovascular factors, especially those targeting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the vasopressin system (VPS), and the oxytocin system (OTS), are also efficient modulators of several other processes in the CNS. The components of the RAS, VPS, and OTS, regulating pain, emotions, learning, memory, and other cognitive processes, are present in the neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels of the CNS. Increasing evidence shows that the combined function of the RAS, VPS, and OTS is altered in neuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative diseases, and in particular in patients with depression, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, autism, and schizophrenia. The altered function of the RAS may also contribute to CNS disorders in COVID-19. In this review, we present evidence that there are multiple causes for altered combined function of the RAS, VPS, and OTS in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, such as genetic predispositions and the engagement of the RAS, VAS, and OTS in the processes underlying emotions, memory, and cognition. The neuroactive pharmaceuticals interfering with the synthesis or the action of angiotensins, vasopressin, and oxytocin can improve or worsen the effectiveness of treatment for neuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative diseases. Better knowledge of the multiple actions of the RAS, VPS, and OTS may facilitate programming the most efficient treatment for patients suffering from the comorbidity of neuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.C.-J.); (K.C.); (T.Ż.)
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A P, Agrawal M, Dethe MR, Ahmed H, Yadav A, Gupta U, Alexander A. Nose-to-brain drug delivery for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Current advancements and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:87-102. [PMID: 35040728 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2029845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The irreversible destruction of neurons, progressive loss of memory and cognitive behavior, high cost of therapy, and impact on society desire a better, effective, and affordable treatment of AD. The nose-to-brain drug delivery approach holds a great potential to access the brain without any hindrance of BBB and result in higher bioavailability thus better therapeutic efficacy of anti-AD drugs. AREAS COVERED The present review article highlighted the current facts and worldwide statistics of AD and its detailed etiology. Followed by barriers to brain delivery, nose-to-brain delivery, their limitations, and amalgamation with various novel carrier systems. We have emphasized recent advancements in nose-to-brain delivery using mucoadhesive, stimuli-responsive carriers, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, protein/peptide delivery for treatment of AD. EXPERT OPINION The available therapies are symptomatic, mitigate the symptoms of AD at the initial stages. In this lieu, nose-to-brain delivery has the ability to overcome these limitations and increase drug bioavailability in the brain. Various novel strategies including stimuli-responsive systems, nanoparticles, etc. enhance the nasal drug permeation, protects the drug, and enhance its therapeutic potency. Although, successful preclinical data does not assure the clinical success of the therapy and hence exhaustive clinical investigations are needed to make the therapy available for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabakaran A
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Hyderabad, India, 509301
| | - Mithun Rajendra Dethe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Awesh Yadav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226002
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India, 305817
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
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Casciaro F, Persico G, Rusin M, Amatori S, Montgomery C, Rutkowsky JR, Ramsey JJ, Cortopassi G, Fanelli M, Giorgio M. The Histone H3 K4me3, K27me3, and K27ac Genome-Wide Distributions Are Differently Influenced by Sex in Brain Cortexes and Gastrocnemius of the Alzheimer’s Disease PSAPP Mouse Model. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:epigenomes5040026. [PMID: 34968250 PMCID: PMC8715457 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Women represent the majority of Alzheimer’s disease patients and show typical symptoms. Genetic, hormonal, and behavioral mechanisms have been proposed to explain sex differences in dementia prevalence. However, whether sex differences exist in the epigenetic landscape of neuronal tissue during the progression of the disease is still unknown. Methods: To investigate the differences of histone H3 modifications involved in transcription, we determined the genome-wide profiles of H3K4me3, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 in brain cortexes of an Alzheimer mouse model (PSAPP). Gastrocnemius muscles were also tested since they are known to be different in the two sexes and are affected during the disease progression. Results: Correlation analysis distinguished the samples based on sex for H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 but not for H3K27ac. The analysis of transcription starting sites (TSS) signal distribution, and analysis of bounding sites revealed that gastrocnemius is more influenced than brain by sex for the three histone modifications considered, exception made for H3K27me3 distribution on the X chromosome which showed sex-related differences in promoters belonging to behavior and cellular or neuronal spheres in mice cortexes. Conclusions: H3K4me3, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 signals are slightly affected by sex in brain, with the exception of H3K27me3, while a higher number of differences can be found in gastrocnemius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Casciaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Persico
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS—European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy; (G.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Martina Rusin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS—European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy; (G.P.); (M.R.)
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory “PaoLa”, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Arco d’Augusto 2, 61032 Fano (PU), Italy; (S.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Stefano Amatori
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory “PaoLa”, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Arco d’Augusto 2, 61032 Fano (PU), Italy; (S.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Claire Montgomery
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.M.); (J.R.R.); (J.J.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Jennifer R. Rutkowsky
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.M.); (J.R.R.); (J.J.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Jon J. Ramsey
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.M.); (J.R.R.); (J.J.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.M.); (J.R.R.); (J.J.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Mirco Fanelli
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory “PaoLa”, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Arco d’Augusto 2, 61032 Fano (PU), Italy; (S.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS—European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy; (G.P.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-04-9827-6060
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Paul D, Mohankumar SK, Thomas RS, Kheng CB, Basavan D. Potential implications of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 blockades on neuroinflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:364-372. [PMID: 34732115 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666211103165837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been reported as a portal for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Consequently, scientific strategies to combat coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) were targeted to arrest SARS-CoV-2 invasion by blocking ACE2. While blocking ACE2 appears a beneficial approach to treat COVID-19, clinical concerns have been raised primarily due to the various intrinsic roles of ACE2 in neurological functions. Selective reports indicate that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) upregulate ACE2 levels. ACE2 metabolizes angiotensin II and several peptides, including apelin-13, neurotensin, kinetensin, dynorphin, [des-Arg9] bradykinin, and [Lys-des-Arg9]-bradykinin, which may elicit neuroprotective effects. Since ARBs and ACEIs upregulate ACE2, it may be hypothesized that patients with hypertension receiving ARBs and ACEIs may have higher expression of ACE2 and thus be at a greater risk of severe disease from the SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, recent clinical reports indicate the beneficial role of ARBs/ACEIs in reducing COVID-19 severity. Together, this warrants a further study of the effects of ACE2 blockades in hypertensive patients medicated with ARBs/ACEIs, and their consequential impact on neuronal health. However, the associations between their blockade and any neuroinflammation also warrant further research. OBJECTIVE This review collates mechanistic insights into the dichotomous roles of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 invasion and neurometabolic functions and the possible impact of ACE2 blockade on neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION It has been concluded that ACE2 blockade imposes neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepraj Paul
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rocklands, Ooty, The Nilgiris 643001, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Wales SA2 8PP. United Kingdom
| | - Rhian S Thomas
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Wales SA2 8PP. United Kingdom
| | - Chai Boon Kheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei City 11529. Taiwan
| | - Duraiswamy Basavan
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rocklands, Ooty, The Nilgiris 643001, Tamil Nadu. India
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22
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Dhapola R, Sarma P, Medhi B, Prakash A, Reddy DH. Recent Advances in Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Implications Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:535-555. [PMID: 34725778 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which leads to mental deterioration due to aberrant accretion of misfolded proteins in the brain. According to mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, mitochondrial dysfunction is majorly involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Many drugs targeting mitochondria to treat and prevent AD are in different phases of clinical trials for the evaluation of safety and efficacy as mitochondria are involved in various cellular and neuronal functions. Mitochondrial dynamics is regulated by fission and fusion processes mediated by dynamin-related protein (Drp1). Inner membrane fusion takes place by OPA1 and outer membrane fusion is facilitated by mitofusin1 and mitofusin2 (Mfn1/2). Excessive calcium release also impairs mitochondrial functions; to overcome this, calcium channel blockers like nilvadipine are used. Another process acting as a regulator of mitochondrial function is mitophagy which is involved in the removal of damaged and non-functional mitochondria however this process is also altered in AD due to mutations in Presenilin1 (PS1) and Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) gene. Mitochondrial dynamics is altered in AD which led to the discovery of various fission protein (like Drp1) inhibitors and drugs that promote fusion. Modulations in AMPK, SIRT1 and Akt pathways can also come out to be better therapeutic strategies as these pathways regulate functions of mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation is major generator of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) leading to mitochondrial damage; therefore reduction in production of ROS by using antioxidants like MitoQ, Curcumin and Vitamin Eis quiteeffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Dhapola
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, 151401, Bathinda, India
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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23
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Ungvari Z, Toth P, Tarantini S, Prodan CI, Sorond F, Merkely B, Csiszar A. Hypertension-induced cognitive impairment: from pathophysiology to public health. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:639-654. [PMID: 34127835 PMCID: PMC8202227 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects two-thirds of people aged >60 years and significantly increases the risk of both vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Hypertension compromises the structural and functional integrity of the cerebral microcirculation, promoting microvascular rarefaction, cerebromicrovascular endothelial dysfunction and neurovascular uncoupling, which impair cerebral blood supply. In addition, hypertension disrupts the blood-brain barrier, promoting neuroinflammation and exacerbation of amyloid pathologies. Ageing is characterized by multifaceted homeostatic dysfunction and impaired cellular stress resilience, which exacerbate the deleterious cerebromicrovascular effects of hypertension. Neuroradiological markers of hypertension-induced cerebral small vessel disease include white matter hyperintensities, lacunar infarcts and microhaemorrhages, all of which are associated with cognitive decline. Use of pharmaceutical and lifestyle interventions that reduce blood pressure, in combination with treatments that promote microvascular health, have the potential to prevent or delay the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Peter Toth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Calin I Prodan
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Farzaneh Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bela Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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24
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Pathological AT1R-B2R Protein Aggregation and Preeclampsia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102609. [PMID: 34685589 PMCID: PMC8533718 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the most frequent and severe complications of pregnancy. Symptoms of preeclampsia usually occur after 20 weeks of pregnancy and include hypertension and kidney dysfunction with proteinuria. Up to now, delivery of the infant has been the most effective and life-saving treatment to alleviate symptoms of preeclampsia because a causative treatment does not exist, which could prolong a pregnancy complicated with preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a complex medical condition, which is attributed to a variety of different risk factors and causes. Risk factors account for insufficient placentation and impaired vasculogenesis and finally culminate in this life-threatening condition of pregnancy. Despite progress, many pathomechanisms and causes of preeclampsia are still incompletely understood. In recent years, it was found that excessive protein complex formation between G-protein-coupled receptors is a common sign of preeclampsia. Specifically, the aberrant heteromerization of two vasoactive G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the angiotensin II AT1 receptor and the bradykinin B2 receptor, is a causative factor of preeclampsia symptoms. Based on this knowledge, inhibition of abnormal GPCR protein complex formation is an experimental treatment approach of preeclampsia. This review summarizes the impact of pathological GPCR protein aggregation on symptoms of preeclampsia and delineates potential new therapeutic targets.
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25
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Brain Renin-Angiotensin System as Novel and Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810139. [PMID: 34576302 PMCID: PMC8468637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cognition. While the brain RAS has been studied before in the context of hypertension, little is known about its role and regulation in relation to neuronal function and its modulation. Adequate blood flow to the brain as well as proper clearing of metabolic byproducts become crucial in the presence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). RAS inhibition (RASi) drugs that can cross into the central nervous system have yielded unclear results in improving cognition in AD patients. Consequently, only one RASi therapy is under consideration in clinical trials to modify AD. Moreover, the role of non-genetic factors such as hypercholesterolemia in the pathophysiology of AD remains largely uncharacterized, even when evidence exists that it can lead to alteration of the RAS and cognition in animal models. Here we revise the evidence for the function of the brain RAS in cognition and AD pathogenesis and summarize the evidence that links it to hypercholesterolemia and other risk factors. We review existent medications for RASi therapy and show research on novel drugs, including small molecules and nanodelivery strategies that can target the brain RAS with potential high specificity. We hope that further research into the brain RAS function and modulation will lead to innovative therapies that can finally improve AD neurodegeneration.
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26
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Cuddy LK, Prokopenko D, Cunningham EP, Brimberry R, Song P, Kirchner R, Chapman BA, Hofmann O, Hide W, Procissi D, Hanania T, Leiser SC, Tanzi RE, Vassar R. Aβ-accelerated neurodegeneration caused by Alzheimer's-associated ACE variant R1279Q is rescued by angiotensin system inhibition in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/563/eaaz2541. [PMID: 32998969 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies identified the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) as an Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk locus. However, the pathogenic mechanism by which ACE causes AD is unknown. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified rare ACE coding variants in AD families and investigated one, ACE1 R1279Q, in knockin (KI) mice. Similar to AD, ACE1 was increased in neurons, but not microglia or astrocytes, of KI brains, which became elevated further with age. Angiotensin II (angII) and angII receptor AT1R signaling were also increased in KI brains. Autosomal dominant neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation occurred with aging in KI hippocampus, which were absent in the cortex and cerebellum. Female KI mice exhibited greater hippocampal electroencephalograph disruption and memory impairment compared to males. ACE variant effects were more pronounced in female KI mice, suggesting a mechanism for higher AD risk in women. Hippocampal neurodegeneration was completely rescued by treatment with brain-penetrant drugs that inhibit ACE1 and AT1R. Although ACE variant-induced neurodegeneration did not depend on β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology, amyloidosis in 5XFAD mice crossed to KI mice accelerated neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, whereas Aβ deposition was unchanged. KI mice had normal blood pressure and cerebrovascular functions. Our findings strongly suggest that increased ACE1/angII signaling causes aging-dependent, Aβ-accelerated selective hippocampal neuron vulnerability and female susceptibility, hallmarks of AD that have hitherto been enigmatic. We conclude that repurposed brain-penetrant ACE inhibitors and AT1R blockers may protect against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah K Cuddy
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Genetics and Aging Unit and McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eric P Cunningham
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ross Brimberry
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peter Song
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rory Kirchner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brad A Chapman
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Winston Hide
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daniele Procissi
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Unit and McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Robert Vassar
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. .,Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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27
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Thomas J, Smith H, Smith CA, Coward L, Gorman G, De Luca M, Jumbo-Lucioni P. The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Lisinopril Mitigates Memory and Motor Deficits in a Drosophila Model of Alzheimer's Disease. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:307-319. [PMID: 35366264 PMCID: PMC8830455 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) has been reported to reduce symptoms of cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Yet, the protective role of ACEis against AD symptoms is still controversial. Here, we aimed at determining whether oral treatment with the ACEi lisinopril has beneficial effects on cognitive and physical functions in a Drosophila melanogaster model of AD that overexpresses the human amyloid precursor protein and the human β-site APP-cleaving enzyme in neurons. We found a significant impairment in learning and memory as well as in climbing ability in young AD flies compared to control flies. After evaluation of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, we also found that AD flies displayed a >30-fold increase in the levels of the neurotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) in their heads. Furthermore, compared to control flies, AD flies had significantly higher levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide in their muscle-enriched thoraces. Lisinopril significantly improved deficits in learning and memory and climbing ability in AD flies. The positive impact of lisinopril on physical function might be, in part, explained by a significant reduction in ROS levels in the thoraces of the lisinopril-fed AD flies. However, lisinopril did not affect the levels of 3-HK. In conclusion, our findings provide novel and relevant insights into the therapeutic potential of ACEis in a preclinical AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimiece Thomas
- McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA; (J.T.); (H.S.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Haddon Smith
- McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA; (J.T.); (H.S.); (C.A.S.)
| | - C. Aaron Smith
- McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA; (J.T.); (H.S.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Lori Coward
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Institute, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA; (L.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Gregory Gorman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Institute, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA; (L.C.); (G.G.)
- Pharmaceutical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA
| | - Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Patricia Jumbo-Lucioni
- Pharmaceutical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence:
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28
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Law CSW, Yeong KY. Repurposing Antihypertensive Drugs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1716-1730. [PMID: 32164502 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200312114223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has affected millions of people worldwide. However, currently, there is no treatment to cure the disease. The AD drugs available in the market only manage the disease symptomatically and the effects are usually short-term. Thus, there is a need to look at alternatives AD therapies. This literature review aims to shed some light on the potential of repurposing antihypertensives to treat AD. Mid-life hypertension has not only been recognised as a risk factor for AD, but its relation with AD has also been well established. Hence, antihypertensives were postulated to be beneficial in managing AD. Four classes of antihypertensives, as well as their potential limitations and prospects in being utilised as AD therapeutics, were discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Shing Wei Law
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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29
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Marciante AB, Shell B, Farmer GE, Cunningham JT. Role of angiotensin II in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced hypertension and cognitive decline. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R519-R525. [PMID: 33595364 PMCID: PMC8238144 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00222.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep apnea is characterized by momentary interruptions in normal respiration and leads to periods of decreased oxygen, or intermittent hypoxia. Chronic intermittent hypoxia is a model of the hypoxemia associated with sleep apnea and results in a sustained hypertension that is maintained during normoxia. Adaptations of the carotid body and activation of the renin-angiotensin system may contribute to the development of hypertension associated with chronic intermittent hypoxia. The subsequent activation of the brain renin-angiotensin system may produce changes in sympathetic regulatory neural networks that support the maintenance of the hypertension associated with intermittent hypoxia. Hypertension and sleep apnea not only increase risk for cardiovascular disease but are also risk factors for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Activation of the angiotensin system could be a common mechanism that links these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria B Marciante
- Breathing REsearch And THErapeutics (BREATHE) Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brent Shell
- Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - George E Farmer
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - J Thomas Cunningham
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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30
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Siddappaji KK, Gopal S. Molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease and the impact of physical exercise with advancements in therapeutic approaches. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:357-389. [PMID: 34183987 PMCID: PMC8222772 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common, severe neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles in the brain causing neural disintegration, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal death leading to dementia. Although many US-FDA-approved drugs like Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine are available in the market, their consumption reduces only the symptoms of the disease but fails in potency to cure the disease. This disease affects many individuals with aging. Combating the disease tends to be very expensive. This review focuses on biochemical mechanisms in the neuron both at normal and AD state with relevance to the tau hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, the risk factors influencing dementia, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation altogether integrated with neurodegeneration. A brief survey is carried out on available biomarkers in the diagnosis of the disease, drugs used for the treatment, and the challenges in approaching therapeutic targets in inhibiting the disease pathologies. This review conjointly assesses the demerits with the inefficiency of drugs to reach targets, their side effects, and toxicity. Optimistically, this review directs on the advantageous strategies in using nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems to cross the blood-brain barrier for improving the efficacy of drugs combined with a novel neuronal stem cell therapy approach. Determinately, this review aims at the natural, non-therapeutic healing impact of physical exercise on different model organisms and the effect of safe neuromodulation treatments using repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) in humans to control the disease pathologies prominent in enhancing the synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shubha Gopal
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
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31
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Hernandez AR, Banerjee A, Carter CS, Buford TW. Angiotensin (1-7) Expressing Probiotic as a Potential Treatment for Dementia. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:629164. [PMID: 34901930 PMCID: PMC8663799 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.629164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing life expectancies are unfortunately accompanied by increased prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Regrettably, there are no current therapeutic options capable of preventing or treating AD. We review here data indicating that AD is accompanied by gut dysbiosis and impaired renin angiotensin system (RAS) function. Therefore, we propose the potential utility of an intervention targeting both the gut microbiome and RAS as both are heavily involved in proper CNS function. One potential approach which our group is currently exploring is the use of genetically-modified probiotics (GMPs) to deliver therapeutic compounds. In this review, we specifically highlight the potential utility of utilizing a GMP to deliver Angiotensin (1-7), a beneficial component of the renin-angiotensin system with relevant functions in circulation as well as locally in the gut and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbi R. Hernandez
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anisha Banerjee
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Nathan Shock Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Nathan Shock Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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32
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Stanciu GD, Ababei DC, Bild V, Bild W, Paduraru L, Gutu MM, Tamba BI. Renal Contributions in the Pathophysiology and Neuropathological Substrates Shared by Chronic Kidney Disease and Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E563. [PMID: 32824404 PMCID: PMC7464898 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease and Alzheimer's disease are chronic conditions highly prevalent in elderly communities and societies, and a diagnosis of them is devastating and life changing. Demanding therapies and changes, such as non-compliance, cognitive impairment, and non-cognitive anomalies, may lead to supplementary symptoms and subsequent worsening of well-being and quality of life, impacting the socio-economic status of both patient and family. In recent decades, additional hypotheses have attempted to clarify the connection between these two diseases, multifactorial in their nature, but even so, the mechanisms behind this link are still elusive. In this paper, we sought to highlight the current understanding of the mechanisms for cognitive decline in patients with these concurrent pathologies and provide insight into the relationship between markers related to these disease entities and whether the potential biomarkers for renal function may be used for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Exploring detailed knowledge of etiologies, heterogeneity of risk factors, and neuropathological processes associated with these conditions opens opportunities for the development of new therapies and biomarkers to delay or slow their progression and validation of whether the setting of chronic kidney disease could be a potential determinant for cognitive damage in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Dumitrita Stanciu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (B.-I.T.)
| | - Daniela Carmen Ababei
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Veronica Bild
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Walther Bild
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Luminita Paduraru
- Department Mother & Child Care, Division Neonatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Marius Gutu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (B.-I.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Messiha BAS, Ali MRA, Khattab MM, Abo-Youssef AM. Perindopril ameliorates experimental Alzheimer's disease progression: role of amyloid β degradation, central estrogen receptor and hyperlipidemic-lipid raft signaling. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1343-1364. [PMID: 32488543 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that over-stimulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) activity is associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau)-induced apoptosis, oxido-nitrosative neuroinflammatory stress and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alternatively, activation of the ACE2, the metalloprotease neprilysin (Neutral Endopeptidase; NEP) and the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) could oppose the effects of ACE1 activation. We aim to investigate the relationship between ACE1/ACE2/NEP/IDE and amyloidogenic/hyperlipidemic-lipid raft signaling in hyperlipidemic AD model. Induction of AD was performed in ovariectomized female rats with high-fat high fructose diet (HFFD) feeding after 4 weeks following D-galactose injection (150 mg/kg). The brain-penetrating ACE1 inhibitor perindopril (0.5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was administered on a daily basis for 30 days. Perindopril significantly decreased hippocampal expression of ACE1 and increased expression of ACE2, NEP and IDE. Perindopril markedly decreased Aβ1-42, improved lipid profile and ameliorated the lipid raft protein markers caveolin1 (CAV1) and flotillin 1 (FLOT1). This was accompanied by decreased expression of p-tau and enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission, coupled with decreased oxido-nitrosative neuroinflammatory stress, enhancement of blood-brain barrier (BBB) functioning and lower expression of the apoptotic markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Bax and β-tubulin. In addition, perindopril ameliorated histopathological damage and improved learning, cognitive and recognition impairment as well as depressive behavior in Morris water maze, Y maze, novel object recognition and forced swimming tests, respectively. Conclusively, perindopril could improve cognitive defects in AD rats, at least through activation of ACE2/NEP/IDE and inhibition of ACE1 and subsequent modulation of amyloidogenic/hyperlipidemic-lipid raft signaling and oxido-nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basim A S Messiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed R A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Khattab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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