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Wang X, Cheng Z, Tai W, Shi M, Ayazi M, Liu Y, Sun L, Yu C, Fan Z, Guo B, He X, Sun D, Young W, Ren Y. Targeting foamy macrophages by manipulating ABCA1 expression to facilitate lesion healing in the injured spinal cord. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:431-453. [PMID: 38636566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a complex cascade of events, including myelin loss, neuronal damage, neuroinflammation, and the accumulation of damaged cells and debris at the injury site. Infiltrating bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMϕ) migrate to the epicenter of the SCI lesion, where they engulf cell debris including abundant myelin debris to become pro-inflammatory foamy macrophages (foamy Mϕ), participate neuroinflammation, and facilitate the progression of SCI. This study aimed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the functional changes in foamy Mϕ and their potential implications for SCI. Contusion at T10 level of the spinal cord was induced using a New York University (NYU) impactor (5 g rod from a height of 6.25 mm) in male mice. ABCA1, an ATP-binding cassette transporter expressed by Mϕ, plays a crucial role in lipid efflux from foamy cells. We observed that foamy Mϕ lacking ABCA1 exhibited increased lipid accumulation and a higher presence of lipid-accumulated foamy Mϕ as well as elevated pro-inflammatory response in vitro and in injured spinal cord. We also found that both genetic and pharmacological enhancement of ABCA1 expression accelerated lipid efflux from foamy Mϕ, reduced lipid accumulation and inhibited the pro-inflammatory response of foamy Mϕ, and accelerated clearance of cell debris and necrotic cells, which resulted in functional recovery. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the pathologic role of foamy Mϕ in SCI progression and the potential of ABCA1 as a therapeutic target for modulating the inflammatory response, promoting lipid metabolism, and facilitating functional recovery in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA; Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhijian Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Wenjiao Tai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Maryam Ayazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Caiyong Yu
- Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhongmin Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Dongming Sun
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Wise Young
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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Zhao Z, Du Y, Yan K, Zhang L, Guo Q. Exercise and osteoimmunology in bone remodeling. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23554. [PMID: 38588175 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301508rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Bones can form the scaffolding of the body, support the organism, coordinate somatic movements, and control mineral homeostasis and hematopoiesis. The immune system plays immune supervisory, defensive, and regulatory roles in the organism, which mainly consists of immune organs (spleen, bone marrow, tonsils, lymph nodes, etc.), immune cells (granulocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, etc.), and immune molecules (immune factors, interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factors, etc.). Bone and the immune system have long been considered two distinct fields of study, and the bone marrow, as a shared microenvironment between the bone and the immune system, closely links the two. Osteoimmunology organically combines bone and the immune system, elucidates the role of the immune system in bone, and creatively emphasizes its interdisciplinary characteristics and the function of immune cells and factors in maintaining bone homeostasis, providing new perspectives for skeletal-related field research. In recent years, bone immunology has gradually become a hot spot in the study of bone-related diseases. As a new branch of immunology, bone immunology emphasizes that the immune system can directly or indirectly affect bones through the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway, IL family, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IFN-γ. These effects are of great significance for understanding inflammatory bone loss caused by various autoimmune or infectious diseases. In addition, as an external environment that plays an important role in immunity and bone, this study pays attention to the role of exercise-mediated bone immunity in bone reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Zhao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Du
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Djuricic I, Calder PC. Omega-3 ( n-3) Fatty Acid-Statin Interaction: Evidence for a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:962. [PMID: 38612996 PMCID: PMC11013773 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and medications aiming to decrease the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The aim of this article is to discuss possible omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid-statin interactions in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD and to provide evidence to consider for clinical practice, highlighting novel insights in this field. Statins and n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) are commonly used to control cardiovascular risk factors in order to treat ASCVD. Statins are an important lipid-lowering therapy, primarily targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while n-3 fatty acids address triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Both statins and n-3 fatty acids have pleiotropic actions which overlap, including improving endothelial function, modulation of inflammation, and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, both statins and n-3 fatty acids potentially mitigate the residual cardiovascular risk that remains beyond lipid lowering, such as persistent inflammation. EPA and DHA are both substrates for the synthesis of so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), a relatively recently recognized feature of their ability to combat inflammation. Interestingly, statins seem to have the ability to promote the production of some SPMs, suggesting a largely unrecognized interaction between statins and n-3 fatty acids with relevance to the control of inflammation. Although n-3 fatty acids are the major substrates for the production of SPMs, these signaling molecules may have additional therapeutic benefits beyond those provided by the precursor n-3 fatty acids themselves. In this article, we discuss the accumulating evidence that supports SPMs as a novel therapeutic tool and the possible statin-n-3 fatty acid interactions relevant to the prevention and treatment of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Djuricic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Ju SH, Lim JY, Song M, Kim JM, Kang YE, Yi HS, Joung KH, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Ku BJ. Distinct effects of rosuvastatin and rosuvastatin/ezetimibe on senescence markers of CD8+ T cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1336357. [PMID: 38586464 PMCID: PMC10996898 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1336357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chronic low-grade inflammation is widely recognized as a pathophysiological defect contributing to β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Statin therapy is known to ameliorate CD8+ T cell senescence, a mediator of chronic inflammation. However, the additional immunomodulatory roles of ezetimibe are not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of statin or statin/ezetimibe combination treatment on T cell senescence markers. Methods In this two-group parallel and randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 149 patients with T2DM whose low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 100 mg/dL or higher. Patients were randomly assigned to either the rosuvastatin group (N=74) or the rosuvastatin/ezetimibe group (N=75). The immunophenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and metabolic profiles were analyzed using samples from baseline and post-12 weeks of medication. Results The fractions of CD8+CD57+ (senescent CD8+ T cells) and CD4+FoxP3+ (Treg) significantly decreased after intervention in the rosuvastatin/ezetimibe group (-4.5 ± 14.1% and -1.2 ± 2.3%, respectively), while these fractions showed minimal change in the rosuvastatin group (2.8 ± 9.4% and 1.4 ± 1.5%, respectively). The degree of LDL-C reduction was correlated with an improvement in HbA1c (R=0.193, p=0.021). Changes in the CD8+CD57+ fraction positively correlated with patient age (R=0.538, p=0.026). Notably, the fraction change in senescent CD8+ T cells showed no significant relationship with changes in either HbA1c (p=0.314) or LDL-C (p=0.592). Finally, the ratio of naïve to memory CD8+ T cells increased in the rosuvastatin/ezetimibe group (p=0.011), but not in the rosuvastatin group (p=0.339). Conclusions We observed a reduction in senescent CD8+ T cells and an increase in the ratio of naive to memory CD8+ T cells with rosuvastatin/ezetimibe treatment. Our results demonstrate the immunomodulatory roles of ezetimibe in combination with statins, independent of improvements in lipid or HbA1c levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyeon Ju
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Youl Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Hye Joung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Arki MK, Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Niknam B, Mohammadi P, Hassan M, Hossein-Khannazer N, Vosough M. Immunomodulatory performance of GMP-compliant, clinical-grade mesenchymal stromal cells from four different sources. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24948. [PMID: 38312681 PMCID: PMC10835001 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are among the most challenging disorders for health care professionals that require systemic immune suppression which associates with various side effects. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are capable of regulating immune responses, mainly through paracrine effects and cell-cell contact. Since MSCs are advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), they must follow Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations to ensure their safety and efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of GMP-compliant clinical grade MSCs obtained from four different sources (bone marrow, adipose tissue, Wharton's Jelly, and decidua tissue) on allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our results revealed that WJ-MSCs were the most successful group in inhibiting PBMC proliferation as confirmed by BrdU analysis. Moreover, WJ-MSCs were the strongest group in enhancing the regulatory T cell population of PBMCs. WJ-MSCs also had the highest secretory profile of prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2), anti-inflammatory cytokine, while interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion was highest in the DS-MSC group. DS-MSCs also had the lowest secretion of IL-12 and IL-17 inflammatory cytokines. Transcriptome analysis revealed that WJ-MSCs had the lowest expression of IL-6, while DS-MSCs were the most potent group in the expression of immunomodulatory factors such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF- β). Taken together, our results indicated that GMP-compliant Wharton's Jelly and decidua-derived MSCs showed the best immunomodulatory performance considering paracrine factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Kazem Arki
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Niknam
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mohammadi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141-83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141-83, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang D, Wang X, Du W, Qin W, Chen W, Zuo X, Li P. Impact of statin treatment and exposure on the risk of chronic allograft dysfunction in Chinese lung transplant recipients. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 82:102243. [PMID: 37454870 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) was a common complication following lung transplantation that contributed to long-term morbidity and mortality. Statin therapy had been suggested to attenuate recipient inflammation and immune response, potentially reducing the risk and severity of CLAD. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of statin use and in vivo exposure on the incidence of CLAD in lung transplant recipients (LTRs), as well as their effects on immune cells and inflammatory factors. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent lung transplantation between January 2017 and December 2020. The incidence of CLAD, as per the 2019 ISHLT criteria, was assessed as the clinical outcome. The plasma concentrations of statin were measured using a validated UPLC-MS/MS method, while inflammation marker levels were determined using ELISA kits. RESULTS The statin group exhibited a significantly lower rate of CLAD (P = 0.002). Patients receiving statin therapy showed lower CD4+ T-cell counts, total T-lymphocyte counts, and IL-6 levels (P = 0.017, P = 0.048, and P = 0.038, respectively). Among the CLAD groups, the atorvastatin level (2.51 ± 1.31 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that in the non-CLAD group (OR = 1.438, 95%CI (1.007-2.053), P = 0.046). CONCLUSION Statin therapy significantly reduced the incidence of CLAD, as well as immune cell counts and inflammatory cytokine levels in LTRs. Although the statin exposure was significantly lower in CLAD patients, it was not associated with the incidence of CLAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenwen Du
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Pengmei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Gao YH, Li X. Cholesterol metabolism: Towards a therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis. Neurochem Int 2023; 164:105501. [PMID: 36803679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence points to the importance of cholesterol in preserving brain homeostasis. Cholesterol makes up the main component of myelin in the brain, and myelin integrity is vital in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Because of the connection between myelin and cholesterol, the interest in cholesterol in the central nervous system increased during the last decade. In this review, we provide a detailed overview on brain cholesterol metabolism in multiple sclerosis and its role in promoting oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
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Dugan B, Conway J, Duggal NA. Inflammaging as a target for healthy ageing. Age Ageing 2023; 52:7024516. [PMID: 36735849 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy has been on the rise for the past few decades, but healthy life expectancy has not kept pace, leading to a global burden of age-associated disorders. Advancing age is accompanied by a chronic increase in basal systemic inflammation, termed inflammaging, contributing towards an increased risk of developing chronic diseases in old age. This article reviews the recent literature to formulate hypotheses regarding how age-associated inflammaging plays a crucial role in driving chronic diseases and ill health in older adults. Here, we discuss how non-pharmacological intervention strategies (diet, nutraceutical supplements, phytochemicals, physical activity, microbiome-based therapies) targeting inflammaging restore health in older adults. We also consider alternative existing pharmacological interventions (Caloric restriction mimetics, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors) and explore novel targets (senolytics) aimed at combating inflammaging and optimising the ageing process to increase healthy lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Dugan
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jessica Conway
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Cardiovascular Involvement in Tuberculosis: From Pathophysiology to Diagnosis and Complications-A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030432. [PMID: 36766543 PMCID: PMC9914020 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although primarily a lung disease, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) can affect any organ or system. Of these, cardiovascular complications associated with disease or drug toxicity significantly worsen the prognosis. Approximately 60% of patients with TB have a cardiovascular disease, the most common associated pathological entities being pericarditis, myocarditis, and coronary artery disease. We searched the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE for studies that evaluated the impact of TB on the cardiovascular system, from pathophysiological mechanisms to clinical and paraclinical diagnosis of cardiovascular involvement as well as the management of cardiotoxicity associated with antituberculosis medication. The occurrence of pericarditis in all its forms and the possibility of developing constrictive pericarditis, the association of concomitant myocarditis with severe systolic dysfunction and complication with acute heart failure phenomena, and the long-term development of aortic aneurysms with risk of complications, as well as drug-induced toxicity, pose complex additional problems in the management of patients with TB. In the era of multidisciplinarity and polymedication, evidence-based medicine provides various tools that facilitate an integrative management that allows early diagnosis and treatment of cardiac pathologies associated with TB.
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Wang KH, Liu CH, Ding DC. Statins as Repurposed Drugs in Gynecological Cancer: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213937. [PMID: 36430409 PMCID: PMC9695805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering new drugs is an expensive and time-consuming process, including target identification, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic (PK) tests, pharmacodynamic (PD) tests, toxicity profiles, recommended dosage test, and observation of the side effects, etc. Repurposed drugs could bypass some steps, starting from phase II trials, and shorten the processes. Statins, also known as HMG-CoA inhibitors (HMGCR), are commonly used to manage and prevent various cardiovascular diseases and have been shown to improve the morbidity and mortality of patients. In addition to the inhibitory effects on the production of cholesterol, the beneficial effects of statins on the prognosis and risk of various cancers are also shown. Statins not only inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance but affected the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, statins have great potential to be repurposed in oncology. Hence, we review the meta-analysis, cohort, and case-control studies of statins in gynecological cancers, and elucidate how statins regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Although the results in gynecological cancers remain controversial and the effects of different statins in different histotypes of gynecological cancers and TME are needed to elucidate further, statins are excellent candidates and worthy of being repurposed drugs in treating gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-38561825-13381
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Statin therapy protects against abdominal aortic aneurysms by inducing the accumulation of regulatory T cells in ApoE -/- mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1057-1070. [PMID: 35704059 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to protect against abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression. Statins have immunomodulatory properties, and their effect on AAA partly depends on immune-related mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to explore whether there is an association between statins and Tregs in AAA progression. Sixty ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15 per group): A, saline group; B, control group; C, simvastatin group (intragastric administration of simvastatin); and D, PC61 group (simvastatin combined with an intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg CD25-depleting antibody PC61). After 2 weeks of simvastatin treatment, the mice received a continuous subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II; B, C, and D groups) or saline (A group) for 28 days. Simvastatin therapy for 6 weeks significantly decreased the incidence and severity of AAA and inhibited the apoptosis of smooth muscle cells and generation of reactive oxygen species, which was partly abolished after the injection of PC61 antibody. Importantly, simvastatin increased the number of Tregs and the levels of Treg-associated cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10) and decreased the level of IL-17 both in aortic tissues and serum. Interestingly, simvastatin attenuated Ang II-induced gut microbial dysbiosis, which might be associated with the accumulation of Tregs. In conclusion, simvastatin therapy prevented the development of AAA induced by Ang II in ApoE-/- mice, which might be partly due to the induction of Treg accumulation. In addition, simvastatin regulated gut microbial dysbiosis, which might also be associated with Treg generation.
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12
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The therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells in reducing cardiovascular complications in patients with severe COVID-19. Life Sci 2022; 294:120392. [PMID: 35149115 PMCID: PMC8824166 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) causes Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), is an emerging viral infection. SARS CoV-2 infects target cells by attaching to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE2). SARS CoV-2 could cause cardiac damage in patients with severe COVID-19, as ACE2 is expressed in cardiac cells, including cardiomyocytes, pericytes, and fibroblasts, and coronavirus could directly infect these cells. Cardiovascular disorders are the most frequent comorbidity found in COVID-19 patients. Immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and T cells may produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis if their functions are uncontrolled. This causes a cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, which has been associated with cardiac damage. Tregs are a subset of immune cells that regulate immune and inflammatory responses. Tregs suppress inflammation and improve cardiovascular function through a variety of mechanisms. This is an exciting research area to explore the cellular, molecular, and immunological mechanisms related to reducing risks of cardiovascular complications in severe COVID-19. This review evaluated whether Tregs can affect COVID-19-related cardiovascular complications, as well as the mechanisms through which Tregs act.
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13
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Agur T, Wedel J, Bose S, Sahankumari AGP, Goodman D, Kong SW, Ghosh CC, Briscoe DM. Inhibition of mevalonate metabolism by statins augments the immunoregulatory phenotype of vascular endothelial cells and inhibits the costimulation of CD4 + T cells. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:947-954. [PMID: 34687147 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The statin family of therapeutics is widely used clinically as cholesterol lowering agents, and their effects to target intracellular mevalonate production is a key mechanism of action. In this study, we performed full transcriptomic RNA sequencing and qPCR to evaluate the effects of mevalonate on the immunoregulatory phenotype of endothelial cells (EC). We find that mevalonate-dependent gene regulation includes a reduction in the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory genes including TNFSF4 (OX40-L) and TNFSF18 (GITR-L) and a co-incident induction of immunoregulatory genes including LGALS3 (Galectin-3) and LGALS9 (Galectin-9). In functional assays, pretreatment of EC with simvastatin to inhibit mevalonate metabolism resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the costimulation of CD45RO+ CD4+ T cell proliferation as well as IL-2, IFNγ and IL-6 production versus vehicle-treated EC. In contrast, pre-treatment of EC with L-mevalonate in combination with simvastatin reversed phenotypic and functional responses. Collectively, these results indicate that relative mevalonate metabolism by EC is critical to sustain EC-dependent mechanisms of immunity. Our findings have broad relevance for the repurposing of statins as therapeutics to augment immunoregulation and/or to inhibit local tissue pro-inflammatory cytokine production following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timna Agur
- The Transplant Research Program and the Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Johannes Wedel
- The Transplant Research Program and the Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sayantan Bose
- The Transplant Research Program and the Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A G Pramoda Sahankumari
- The Transplant Research Program and the Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Goodman
- The Transplant Research Program and the Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sek Won Kong
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chandra C Ghosh
- The Transplant Research Program and the Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David M Briscoe
- The Transplant Research Program and the Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Patnaik SK, Petrucci C, Barbi J, Seager RJ, Pabla S, Yendamuri S. Obesity-Specific Association of Statin Use and Reduced Risk of Recurrence of Early Stage NSCLC. JTO Clin Res Rep 2021; 2:100254. [PMID: 34877556 PMCID: PMC8633682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Statins, used for their lipid-lowering activity, have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties as well. We evaluated this potential benefit of statin use in patients with NSCLC. Methods All 613 patients with pathologic stage 1 or 2 NSCLC who had lobectomy without neoadjuvant therapy at our institution during 2008 to 2015 were included. Association between presurgery statin use and overall survival and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Association of statin use with tumor transcriptome was evaluated in another 350 lung cancer cases. Results Univariable analyses did not reveal a statistically significant association of statin use with either overall survival or RFS, with hazard ratio equals to 1.19 and 0.70 (Wald p = 0.28 and 0.09), respectively. In subgroup analyses, significantly improved RFS was found in statin users, but only in overweight/obese patients (body mass index [BMI] > 25; n = 422), with univariable and multivariable hazard ratio of 0.49 and 0.46 (p = 0.005 and 0.002), respectively, but not in patients with BMI less than or equal to 25 (n = 191; univariable p = 0.21). Transcriptomes of tumor statin users had high expression of tumoricidal genes such as granzyme A and interferon-γ compared with those of nonusers among high- but not low-BMI patients with lung cancer. Conclusions Our study suggests that statins may improve the outcome of early stage NSCLC but only in overweight or obese patients. This benefit may stem from a favorable reprogramming of the antitumor immune response that statins perpetrate specifically in the obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Patnaik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Cara Petrucci
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joseph Barbi
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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15
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Xu P, Zhao Y, Yu T, Yu Y, Ni X, Wang H, Sun L, Han P, Wang L, Sun T, Liu X, Zhou H, Peng J, Hou M, Hou Y, Xu M. Atorvastatin restores imbalance of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) + T cells in immune thrombocytopenia in vivo and in vitro. Br J Haematol 2021; 201:530-541. [PMID: 34825359 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune haemorrhagic disease, in which the overactivation of T cells is crucial in the pathogenesis. Atorvastatin (AT), a lipid-lowering medicine, has shown promising immunomodulatory effects in certain inflammatory conditions. However, the immunoregulatory role of AT in ITP remains elusive. To investigate the effect of AT in the treatment of ITP, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T cells were isolated from patients with ITP and cultured with different dosages of AT. We found that AT significantly inhibited cell proliferation, led to cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis, and repressed the activation of CD4+ T cells in vitro. ITP murine models were then established, and results showed that AT treatment led to faster recovery of the platelet count to normal and exhibited comparable immunomodulatory function. Furthermore, we found the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), as well as activation of rat sarcoma virus (RAS) were all reduced dramatically after AT treatment in vitro. In conclusion, our present study demonstrated that AT could reinstate the functions of CD4+ T cells by inhibiting the excessive activation, proliferation, and survival of CD4+ T cells in ITP via the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK and the mTOR/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. Therefore, we propose that AT could be used as a potential therapeutic option for ITP by restoring the over-activated cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianshu Yu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yafei Yu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofei Ni
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haoyi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Han
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Leading Research Group of Scientific Innovation, Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang R, Wang X, Fu H, Yang W. MDSCs interactions with other immune cells and their role in maternal-fetal tolerance. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:534-551. [PMID: 34128752 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1938566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) are a population of immature and heterogeneous bone marrow cells with immunosuppressive functions, and they are mainly divided into two subgroups: granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) and monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs). Immunosuppression is the main and most important function of MDSCs, and they mainly exert an inhibitory effect through endoplasmic reticulum stress and some enzymes related to inhibitors, as well as some cytokines and other factors. In addition, MDSCs also interact with other immune cells, especially NK cells, DCs and Tregs, to participate in immune regulation. A large number of MDSCs are found during normal pregnancy. Combined with their immunosuppressive effects, these results suggest that MDSCs are likely to be closely related to maternal-fetal immune tolerance. This review mainly shows the interaction of MDSCs with other immune cells and the important role of MDSCs in maternal-fetal tolerance. The current research shows that MDSCs are mainly mediated by STAT3, HLA-G, CXCR2, Arg-1 and HIF1-α in immune regulation during pregnancy. Interpreting maternal-fetal tolerance from the perspective of MDSCs provides a special perspective for research on immune regulation and maternal-fetal tolerance of MDSCs to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of immune regulation and immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rongchao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiying Fu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Pillunat KR, Pillunat LE. [Vasculat treatment concepts in glaucoma patients]. Ophthalmologe 2021; 118:431-438. [PMID: 33026527 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 40% of all open-angle glaucomas do not show high intraocular pressure (IOP). Vascular risk factors play an important role in the pathogeneses of normal pressure glaucoma but high pressure glaucoma is also often accompanied by significant vascular components. OBJECTIVE What are the practice relevant possibilities of vascular glaucoma treatment? MATERIAL AND METHODS An evaluation of scientific articles from PubMed dealing with vascular glaucoma was carried out. RESULTS The treatment of vascular risk factors in glaucoma patients requires a thorough medical history regarding vascular symptoms (peripheral vasospasm, tinnitus, migraine etc.) and information on the presence of systemic diseases. Furthermore, a 24h blood pressure profile and the determination of the fat metabolism status represent important and simple examinations. CONCLUSION Besides optimizing systemic blood pressure, reducing an increased central retinal venous pressure, treatment with statins, calcium channel blockers, Ginkgo biloba extract, increased physical exercise and fluid replacement are options to ameliorate vascular conditions. An interdisciplinary cooperation with general practitioners and internists is an important component of holistic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin R Pillunat
- Universitätsaugenklinik Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Universitätsaugenklinik Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
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18
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Banach M, Penson PE. Colchicine and Cardiovascular Outcomes: a Critical Appraisal of Recent Studies. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:32. [PMID: 33970350 PMCID: PMC8108024 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Recent studies have demonstrated an important role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Several studies have investigated the efficacy of colchicine (a widely used and safe anti-inflammatory drug) in patients with atherosclerosis. This review explains the rationale for the use of colchicine in this setting and critically appraises recent outcome trials. Recent Findings Two large randomised-controlled trials LoDoCo2 (included patients with chronic coronary syndromes) and COLCOT (acute coronary syndromes) have demonstrated reductions in atherosclerotic cardiovascular events, but not mortality. A smaller study (COPS) found no beneficial effect of colchicine but was probably underpowered. Summary Colchicine is effective at reducing cardiovascular events in chronic and acute coronary syndromes, although reductions in all-cause mortality have not been demonstrated during the period of follow-up in trials to date. Mild gastrointestinal symptoms are the most commonly reported adverse effects, although in well-designed randomised controlled trials these are relatively uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland. .,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Centre For Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
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19
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Kim SY, Song YS, Wee JH, Min C, Yoo DM, Lee CH, Song CM, Park B, Choi HG. Evaluation of the relationship between previous statin use and thyroid cancer using Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7912. [PMID: 33846511 PMCID: PMC8041859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of thyroid cancer with statin use is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association of previous statin use with thyroid cancer in the ≥ 40-year-old population in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. The 5501 patients in the thyroid cancer group were matched with the 22,004 patients in the non-thyroid cancer group for age, sex, income, and region of residence. Previous statin use during the 2 years before the diagnosis of thyroid cancer was examined. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of previous statin use for thyroid cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression analyses. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted. The thyroid cancer group showed more days of previous statin use than the non-thyroid cancer group (72.3, standard deviation [SD] = 181.2 days vs. 64.3, SD = 174.4 days, P = 0.003). Although the odds of previous statin use for thyroid cancer were high in the crude model (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.17, P = 0.002), they were low in the fully adjusted model (OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.95, P = 0.001). According to age and sex subgroups, the younger (< 60 years old) male group showed lower odds for thyroid cancer according to previous statin use (adjusted OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.55–0.88, P = 0.003), but this finding was not observed in other subgroups of older men or in any groups of women. Thyroid cancer was negatively associated with statin use in the previous 2 years in the adjusted model.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Shin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Chanyang Min
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.,Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Myoung Yoo
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chang Myeon Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bumjung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea. .,Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.
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20
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Wei B, Xu L, Guo W, Wang Y, Wu J, Li X, Cai X, Hu J, Wang M, Xu Q, Liu W, Gu Y. SHP2-Mediated Inhibition of DNA Repair Contributes to cGAS-STING Activation and Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity in Colon Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3215-3228. [PMID: 33820798 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As a cytoplasmic sensor of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway plays an important role in antitumor immunity. In this study, we investigated the effect of Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) on tumor cell-intrinsic STING pathway activity and DNA repair in colon cancer. SHP2 interacted with and dephosphorylated PARP1 after DNA damage. PARP1 inhibition by SHP2 resulted in reduced DNA repair and accumulation of dsDNA in cells, thus promoting hyperactivation of the STING pathway. The SHP2 agonist lovastatin was able to enhance SHP2 activity and promote STING pathway activation. Moreover, lovastatin significantly enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy in colon cancer models, in part via STING pathway-mediated antitumor immunity. These findings suggest that SHP2 exacerbates STING pathway activation by restricting PARP1-mediated DNA repair in tumor cells, providing a basis for the combined use of lovastatin and chemotherapy in the treatment of colon cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Dephosphorylation of PARP1 by SHP2 simultaneously suppresses DNA repair and enhances STING pathway-mediated antitumor immunity, highlighting SHP2 activation as a potential therapeutic approach in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Meijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
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21
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van Boheemen L, Turk S, Beers-Tas MV, Bos W, Marsman D, Griep EN, Starmans-Kool M, Popa CD, van Sijl A, Boers M, Nurmohamed MT, van Schaardenburg D. Atorvastatin is unlikely to prevent rheumatoid arthritis in high risk individuals: results from the prematurely stopped STAtins to Prevent Rheumatoid Arthritis (STAPRA) trial. RMD Open 2021; 7:e001591. [PMID: 33685928 PMCID: PMC7942258 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Persons at high risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) might benefit from a low-risk pharmacological intervention aimed at primary prevention. Previous studies demonstrated disease-modifying effects of statins in patients with RA as well as an association between statin use and a decreased risk of RA development. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated whether atorvastatin could prevent arthritis development in high-risk individuals. METHODS Arthralgia patients with anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) >3 xULN or ACPA and rheumatoid factor, without (a history of) arthritis, were randomised to receive atorvastatin 40 mg daily or placebo for 3 years. The calculated sample size was 220 participants. The primary endpoint was clinical arthritis. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the effect of atorvastatin on arthritis development. RESULTS Due to a low inclusion rate, mainly because of an unwillingness to participate, the trial was prematurely stopped. Data of the 62 randomised individuals were analysed. Median follow-up was 14 (inner quartiles 6-35) months. Fifteen individuals (24%) developed arthritis: 9/31 (29%) in the atorvastatin group; 6/31 (19%) in the placebo group: HR 1.40, 95% CI 0.50 to 3.95. CONCLUSIONS In this small set of randomised high-risk individuals, we did not demonstrate a protective effect of atorvastatin on arthritis development. The main reason for the low inclusion was unwillingness to participate; this may also impede other RA prevention trials. Further research to investigate and solve barriers for prevention trial participation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurette van Boheemen
- Rheumatology, Reade, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Samina Turk
- Rheumatology, Reade, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Marian van Beers-Tas
- Rheumatology, Reade, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Bos
- Rheumatology, Reade, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Diane Marsman
- Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed N Griep
- Rheumatology, Antonius Hospital Sneek, Sneek, The Netherlands
| | | | - Calin D Popa
- Rheumatology, Bernhoven Hospital Location Uden, Uden, The Netherlands
- Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alper van Sijl
- Rheumatology, Reade, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Boers
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Rheumatology and immunology, AI&I, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Michael T Nurmohamed
- Rheumatology, Reade, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Rheumatology and immunology, AI&I, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkjan van Schaardenburg
- Rheumatology, Reade, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Inflammation as a determinant of healing response after coronary stent implantation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 37:791-801. [PMID: 33479786 PMCID: PMC7969567 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-02073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Inflammation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients after percutaneous coronary interventions. Data on stent elements that lead to excessive inflammatory response, proper identification of high-risk patients, prevention and treatment targeting residual inflammatory risk are limited. This review aims to present the role of inflammation in the context of evolving stent technologies and appraise the potential imaging modalities in detection of inflammatory response and anti-inflammatory therapies.
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23
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Erb C, Konieczka K. [Rho kinase inhibitors as new local therapy option in primary open angle glaucoma]. Ophthalmologe 2021; 118:449-460. [PMID: 33403458 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2014 in Japan and 2017 in the USA, the Rho-kinase inhibitors were approved as a new antiglaucomatous substance group and will now be launched in Europe. OBJECTIVE On this occasion the current state of knowledge on Rho-kinase inhibitors is presented. METHODS In intensive search in PubMed the relevant experimental and clinical literature on the Rho-kinase inhibitors ripasudil and netarsudil and the combination of netarsudil and latanoprost were selected and compiled for this review. RESULTS The intraocular pressure lowering efficacy of ripasudil and netarsudil is in the range of the beta blocker timolol and the prostaglandin analogue latanoprost. In the fixed combination netarsudil/latanoprost the intraocular pressure reduction is greater than that of the single components and reaches a target pressure of below 15 mm Hg in 32%. Conjunctival hyperemia with 53-65% is the most common local side effect. Systemic side effects are very rare and so far there are no contraindications. CONCLUSION The Rho-kinase inhibitors are an interesting new introduction for glaucoma therapy, as each new pressure-lowering therapy represents an additional chance to reach the individually defined target pressure level in a glaucoma patient with local therapy; however, many of the pleiotropic effects associated with Rho-kinase inhibitors have so far only been found experimentally and will require clinical confirmation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Erb
- Augenklinik am Wittenbergplatz, Kleiststr. 23-26, 10787, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - K Konieczka
- Augenklinik, Universitätsspital, Mittlere Straße 91, 4056, Basel, Schweiz
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24
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Evrensel A, Ünsalver BÖ, Ceylan ME, Tarhan N. Vaccination and Immunotherapy for Major Depression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:503-513. [PMID: 33834415 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a very common disease with increasing incidence resulting from complex interactions of genetic, environmental, and immunological processes. To this day, the etiopathogenesis and treatment of depression unfortunately seem to be stuck in the synaptic gap. Despite highly potent antidepressants, the treatment rate cannot reach 100%, the treatment resistant group cannot be eliminated, and relapse cannot be prevented. These problems lead researchers to further and different research to understand and treat psychopathology. Immune dysfunction and neuroinflammation have been one of the main issues that psychiatry has focused on in recent years and helps us to understand depression. Extraneuronal components of all neuropsychiatric disorders, especially depression, have begun to be revealed in detail thanks to a better understanding of the immune system and an increase in experimental and technological possibilities. There is increasing evidence of a causal relationship between the etiopathogenesis of major depression and low-level chronic neuroinflammation. In this article, the role of neuroinflammation in the etiopathogenesis of depression and the possibilities of vaccination and immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Evrensel
- Department of Psychiatry, NP Brain Hospital, Saray Mah. Ahmet Tevfik İleri Cad. No: 18 PK:34768 Umraniye, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Barış Önen Ünsalver
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Documentation and Secretariat, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Ceylan
- Departments of Psychology and Philosophy, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Tarhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Lochhead P, Khalili H, Sachs MC, Chan AT, Olén O, Ludvigsson JF. Association Between Statin Use and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Results from a Swedish, Nationwide, Population-based Case-control Study. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 15:757-765. [PMID: 33216873 PMCID: PMC8247597 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to their potent lipid-lowering action, statins may modulate inflammation. However, data on statin use and the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] have been inconsistent. METHODS We searched the Nationwide Swedish Patient Register [inpatient and non-primary outpatient care] to identify adults diagnosed with Crohn's disease [CD, n = 7637] or ulcerative colitis [UC, n = 15 652] from 2006 to 2014. Each case was matched to 10 general population controls [n = 232 890]. Data on dispensed statin prescriptions were extracted from the Prescribed Drug Register. Conditional logistic regression models estimated odds ratios [ORs] for risk of IBD according to statin exposure while controlling for potential confounders, including indications for statin therapy. RESULTS In multivariable adjusted models, compared with no statin use, any statin use was associated with a lower risk of CD (OR = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-0.79), but not UC [OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96-1.11]. The lowest OR for CD was seen for current statin use [OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.60-0.75]. For CD, the lowest category of cumulative statin dose [31-325 defined daily dose, DDD] was associated with an OR of 0.73 [95% CI, 0.61-0.88] and the highest category [>1500 DDD] with an OR of 0.66 [95% CI, 0.55-0.80], ptrend = 0.10. For UC, the lowest and highest dose categories yielded ORs of 1.12 [95% CI, 1.00-1.25] and 0.99 [95% CI, 0.88-1.13], respectively, ptrend = 0.13. CONCLUSIONS Statin use was associated with a lower risk of CD, but not of UC. The association with CD risk appeared strongest for current statin use. Our findings suggest that statin use may influence the development of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lochhead
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit,
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author: Jonas F. Ludvigsson, MD, PhD, Department of
Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281,
SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel.: +46-19-6021000; fax: +46-19-187915;
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit,
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Sachs
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine
Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit,
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ola Olén
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine
Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Clinical Science and Education
Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm South
General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University
Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
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26
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Farina N, Ramirez GA, De Lorenzo R, Di Filippo L, Conte C, Ciceri F, Manfredi AA, Rovere-Querini P. COVID-19: Pharmacology and kinetics of viral clearance. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105114. [PMID: 32758635 PMCID: PMC7834389 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is broad and varies from mild to severe forms complicated by acute respiratory distress and death. This heterogeneity might reflect the ability of the host immune system to interact with SARS-CoV2 or the characteristics of the virus itself in terms of loads or persistence. Information on this issue might derive from interventional studies. However, results from high-quality trials are scarce. Here we evaluate the level of evidence of available published interventional studies, with a focus on randomised controlled trials and the efficacy of therapies on clinical outcomes. Moreover, we present data on a large cohort of well-characterized patients hospitalized at a single University Hospital in Milano (Italy), correlating viral clearance with clinical and biochemical features of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Farina
- Vita - Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe A Ramirez
- Vita - Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Vita - Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Filippo
- Vita - Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Conte
- Vita - Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Vita - Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Vita - Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Vita - Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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27
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Dehnavi S, Sohrabi N, Sadeghi M, Lansberg P, Banach M, Al-Rasadi K, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Statins and autoimmunity: State-of-the-art. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 214:107614. [PMID: 32592715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, are potent plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) lowering agents. Since the introduction of the first statin, lovastatin, in 1987, accumulating evidence showed that non-cholesterol lowering effects play an important role in their efficacy to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Thus, these non-LDL-c lowering properties could benefit patients with immune-mediated diseases. Statins and their associated immune-modulating roles have recently received much attention. Different statins have been administered in various experimental and clinical studies focused on autoimmunity. The results indicate that statins can modulate immune responses through mevalonate pathway-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects include cell adhesion, migration of antigen presenting cells, and differentiation, as well as activation, of T-cells. In various autoimmune diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis), promising results have been obtained to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Dehnavi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Sohrabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahvash Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peter Lansberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Building 3226, Room 04.14, Internal Zip Code EA12, Antonius Deusinglaan 19713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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28
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Ponticelli C, Arnaboldi L, Moroni G, Corsini A. Treatment of dyslipidemia in kidney transplantation. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:257-267. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1732921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ponticelli
- Divisione di Nefrologia, Istituto Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore, Milano, Italy (retired)
| | - Lorenzo Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DISFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Moroni
- Nefrologia e Dialisi, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DISFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milano, Italy
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29
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Zuo S, Li L, Jiang L, Jiang C, Li X, Li S, Wen S, Bai R, Du X, Dong J, Liu N, Ruan Y, Ma C. Pravastatin alleviates intracellular calcium dysregulation induced by Interleukin-6 via the mitochondrial ROS pathway in adult ventricular myocytes. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 143:141-147. [PMID: 32253103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation often contributes to the increased arrhythmogenesis in the cardiomyocytes. We investigated the protective effects of pravastatin on calcium disorders induced by acute administration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in isolated ventricular myocytes and its underlying mechanisms. Wild-type mice were intraperitoneally injected for five days with either pravastatin 20 mg/kg per day or an equal volume of normal saline. Cytosol Ca2+ handling was studied in freshly isolated ventricular myocytes after acute exposure of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (1 ng/ml) for 120 min by Ionoptix and confocal microscopy. Acute administration of clinically relevant concentrations of IL-6 disturbed calcium handling in ventricular myocytes, which presented as decreased amplitudes, prolonged decay times of Ca2+ transients, and reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium stores. The frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ release, including calcium sparks and spontaneous calcium waves, was dramatically enhanced in the setting of IL-6. Notably, the pretreatment of pravastatin alleviated disturbed Ca2+ cycling, reduced spontaneous Ca2+ leakage induced by IL-6. Mitochondrial ROS pathway may constitute the underlying mechanism of the protective effects of pravastatin. Pravastatin protected the cardiomyocytes against calcium disorders induced by IL-6 via the mitochondrial ROS pathway, which suggests that pravastatin may represent a promising auxiliary therapeutic strategy for cardiac injury under acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Linling Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Le Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Songnan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Songnan Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rong Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanfei Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
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