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Chen J, Ni Y, Yao W, Ding X. Clinical observations and mechanistic insights of traditional Chinese medicine in the management of diabetic retinopathy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:529-543. [PMID: 38921697 PMCID: PMC11210421 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2369292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness among diabetic patients globally. Despite advancements in conventional treatments, the quest for more holistic approaches and fewer side effects persists. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for centuries in managing various diseases, including diabetes and its complications. OBJECTIVE This review evaluated the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of TCM in the management of DR, providing information on its potential integration with conventional treatment methods. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) with the search terms 'traditional Chinese medicine', 'diabetic retinopathy', 'clinical efficacies' and their combinations. Studies published before 2023 without language restriction were included, focusing on clinical trials and observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of TCM in DR treatment. RESULTS The review synthesized evidence of empirical traditional Chinese formulas, traditional Chinese patent medicines, and isolated phytochemicals on DR treatment. The key mechanisms identified included the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and neovascularization, as well as the improvement in neurovascular functionality and integrity of the retinal blood barrier. CONCLUSIONS TCM shows promising potential to manage DR. More large-scale, randomized controlled trials are recommended to validate these findings and facilitate the integration of TCM into mainstream DR treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yadong Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Yao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Tan M, Liu Y, Xu Y, Yan G, Zhou N, Chen H, Jiang Z, Peng L. Plant-Derived Exosomes as Novel Nanotherapeutics Contrive Glycolysis Reprogramming-Mediated Angiogenesis for Diabetic Ulcer Healing. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0035. [PMID: 38840655 PMCID: PMC11151174 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Reversal of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction under high-glucose (HG) conditions to achieve angiogenesis has remained a big challenge in diabetic ulcers. Herein, exosomes derived from medicinal plant ginseng (GExos) were shown as excellent nanotherapeutics with biomimetic cell membrane-like structures to be able to efficiently transfer the encapsulated active substances to ECs, resulting in a marked reprogramming of glycolysis by up-regulating anaerobic glycolysis and down-regulating oxidative stress, which further restore the proliferation, migration, and tubule formation abilities of ECs under HG conditions. In vivo, GExos enhance the angiogenesis and nascent vessel network reconstruction in full-thickness diabetic complicated skin ulcer wounds in mice with high biosafety. GExos were shown as promising nanotherapeutics in stimulating glycolysis reprogramming-mediated angiogenesis in diabetic ulcers, possessing wide application potential for reversing hyperglycemic dysangiogenesis and stimulating vascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Tan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuda Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ge Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Nan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Haoran Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhihong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine,
Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, PR China
| | - Lihua Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine,
Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, PR China
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3
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Ye X, Fung NSK, Lam WC, Lo ACY. Nutraceuticals for Diabetic Retinopathy: Recent Advances and Novel Delivery Systems. Nutrients 2024; 16:1715. [PMID: 38892648 PMCID: PMC11174689 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major vision-threatening disease among the working-age population worldwide. Present therapeutic strategies such as intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF and laser photocoagulation mainly target proliferative DR. However, there is a need for early effective management in patients with early stage of DR before its progression into the more severe sight-threatening proliferative stage. Nutraceuticals, natural functional foods with few side effects, have been proposed to be beneficial in patients with DR. Over the decades, many studies, either in vitro or in vivo, have demonstrated the advantages of a number of nutraceuticals in DR with their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, or vasoprotective effects. However, only a few clinical trials have been conducted, and their outcomes varied. The low bioavailability and instability of many nutraceuticals have indeed hindered their utilization in clinical use. In this context, nanoparticle carriers have been developed to deliver nutraceuticals and to improve their bioavailability. Despite its preclinical nature, research of interventive nutraceuticals for DR may yield promising information in their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Y.); (N.S.K.F.); (W.C.L.)
| | - Nicholas Siu Kay Fung
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Y.); (N.S.K.F.); (W.C.L.)
| | - Wai Ching Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Y.); (N.S.K.F.); (W.C.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Room 301, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Y.); (N.S.K.F.); (W.C.L.)
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4
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Zhang J, Lv W, Liu X, Sun Z, Zeng M, Kang J, Zhang Q, Liu F, Ma S, Su J, Cao K, Liu J. Ginsenoside Rh4 prevents endothelial dysfunction as a novel AMPK activator. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38757416 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway is a desirable target for various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), while the involvement of AMPK-mediated specific downstream pathways and effective interventions in hyperlipidaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction remain largely unknown. Herein, we aim to identify an effective AMPK activator and to explore its efficacy and mechanism against endothelial dysfunction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Molecular docking technique was adopted to screen for the potent AMPK activator among 11 most common rare ginsenosides. In vivo, poloxamer 407 (P407) was used to induce acute hyperlipidaemia in C57BL/6J mice. In vitro, palmitic acid (PA) was used to induce lipid toxicity in HAEC cells. KEY RESULTS We discovered the strongest binding of ginsenoside Rh4 to AMPKα1 and confirmed the action of Rh4 on AMPK activation. Rh4 effectively attenuated hyperlipidaemia-related endothelial injury and oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro and restored cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in HAEC cells. Mechanistically, Rh4 bound to AMPKα1 and simultaneously up-regulated AKT/eNOS-mediated NO release, promoted PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibited P38 MAPK/NFκB-mediated inflammatory responses in both P407-treated mice and PA-treated HAEC cells. The AMPK inhibitor Compound C treatment completely abrogated the regulation of Rh4 on the above pathways and weakened the lowering effect of Rh4 on endothelial impairment markers, suggesting that the beneficial effects of Rh4 are AMPK dependent. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Rh4 may serve as a novel AMPK activator to protect against hyperlipidaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction, providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of endothelial injury-associated CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuyun Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahao Kang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuying Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaozhou Ma
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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5
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Kim TH. Ginsenosides for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes: Therapeutic perspectives and mechanistic insights. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:276-285. [PMID: 38707641 PMCID: PMC11068994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disorder of energy metabolism characterized by a sustained elevation of blood glucose in conjunction with impaired insulin action in multiple peripheral tissues (i.e., insulin resistance). Although extensive research has been conducted to identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of DM, its global prevalence and associated mortailty rates are still increasing, possibly because of challenges related to long-term adherence, limited efficacy, and undesirable side effects of currently available medications, implying an urgent need to develop effective and safe pharmacotherapies for DM. Phytochemicals have recently drawn attention as novel pharmacotherapies for DM based on their clinical relevance, therapeutic efficacy, and safety. Ginsenosides, pharmacologically active ingredients primarily found in ginseng, have long been used as adjuvants to traditional medications in Asian countries and have been reported to exert promising therapeutic efficacy in various metabolic diseases, including hyperglycemia and diabetes. This review summarizes the current pharmacological effects of ginsenosides and their mechanistic insights for the treatment of insulin resistance and DM, providing comprehensive perspectives for the development of novel strategies to treat DM and related metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kim
- Drug Information Research Institute, Muscle Physiome Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Zhao C, Ma G, Tao S, Wang M, Chen Z, Fang Y, Shi W. Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Pill delays the progression of diabetic retinopathy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117751. [PMID: 38216102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Pill (QJDH pill) is a Chinese decoction. Although it is commonly used to treat eye conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), its exact mechanism of action is unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the specific mechanism by which QJDH pill slows the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on animal and cellular experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS The major components of QJDH pill were characterized by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLCMS/MS). C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups as follows: normal group (control group), model group (STZ group), low-dosage QJDH pill group (QJDH-L group), medium-dosage QJDH pill group (QJDH-M group) and high-dosage QJDH pill group (QJDH-H group). Changes in water intake, urination, food intake, and body mass were monitored weekly, while changes in blood glucose were monitored monthly. Fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were utilized to analyze the changes in fundus imaging indications. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to examine histopathologic and ultrastructural changes in retina. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in peripheral blood were detected using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mouse retina apoptotic cells were labeled with green fluorescence via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (Tunel). The protein levels of Bcl-2-Associated X (Bax), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Caspase-3, PI3K, phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) were quantified by Western blot (WB). The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells were cultured and classified into five groups as follows: normal glucose group (NG group), high glucose group (HG group), high glucose + QJDH pill group (HG + QJDH group), high glucose + inhibitor group (HG + LY294002 group), and high glucose + inhibitor + QJDH pill group (HG + LY294002 + QJDH group). Cell viability and apoptosis were detected via Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and then analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS In vivo experiments revealed that the QJDH pill effectively reduced blood glucose, symptoms of increased water intake, elevated urination, increased food intake and decreased body mass in DR mice. QJDH pill also slowed the development of a series of fundus imaging signs, such as retinal microangiomas, tortuous dilatation of blood vessels, decreased vascular density, and thinning of retinal thickness, downregulated IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and VEGF levels in peripheral blood, and inhibited retinal cell apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that high glucose environment inhibited RPE cell viability and activated RPE cell apoptosis pathway. In contrast, lyophilized powder of QJDH pill increased RPE cell viability, protected RPE cells from high glucose-induced damage, and decreased apoptosis of RPE cells by activating the pi3k pathway. CONCLUSION QJDH pill induces hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-VEGF and anti-retinal cell apoptosis by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and thus can protect the retina and slow the DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China; Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Guangcheng Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China; Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Sihan Tao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China; Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Mingyue Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Zhuolin Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Yiming Fang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China.
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Liu Z, Hua W, Jin S, Wang Y, Pang Y, Wang B, Zhao N, Song Y, Qi J. Canagliflozin protects against hyperglycemia-induced cerebrovascular injury by preventing blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption via AMPK/Sp1/adenosine A2A receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176381. [PMID: 38341077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus causes brain microvascular endothelial cell (MEC) damage, inducing dysfunctional angiogenic response and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Canagliflozin is a revolutionary hypoglycemic drug that exerts neurologic and/or vascular-protective effects beyond glycemic control; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we hypothesize that canagliflozin ameliorates BBB permeability by preventing diabetes-induced brain MEC damage. Mice with high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetes received canagliflozin for 8 weeks. We assessed vascular integrity by measuring cerebrovascular neovascularization indices. The expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), as well as tight junction proteins (TJs), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and adenosine A2A receptors was examined. Mouse brain MECs were grown in high glucose (30 mM) to mimic diabetic conditions. They were treated with/without canagliflozin and assessed for migration and angiogenic ability. We also performed validation studies using AMPK activator (AICAR), inhibitor (Compound C), Sp1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), and adenosine A2A receptor siRNA. We observed that cerebral pathological neovascularization indices were significantly normalized in mice treated with canagliflozin. Increased Sp1 and adenosine A2A receptor expression and decreased p-AMPK and TJ expression were observed under diabetic conditions. Canagliflozin or AICAR treatment alleviated these changes. However, this alleviation effect of canagliflozin was diminished again after Compound C treatment. Either Sp1 siRNA or adenosine A2A receptor siRNA could increase the expression of TJs. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Sp1 could bind to the adenosine A2A receptor gene promoter. Our study identifies the AMPK/Sp1/adenosine A2A receptor pathway as a treatment target for diabetes-induced cerebrovascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Sinan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuxin Pang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Benshuai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuejia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jiping Qi
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Jin Q, Liu T, Ma F, Fu T, Yang L, Mao H, Wang Y, Peng L, Li P, Zhan Y. Roles of Sirt1 and its modulators in diabetic microangiopathy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130761. [PMID: 38467213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications include diabetic macroangiopathy and diabetic microangiopathy. Diabetic microangiopathy is characterised by impaired microvascular endothelial function, basement membrane thickening, and microthrombosis, which may promote renal, ocular, cardiac, and peripheral system damage in diabetic patients. Therefore, new preventive and therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Sirt1, a member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylase class III family, regulates different organ growth and development, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, metabolism, inflammation, and aging. Sirt1 is downregulated in vascular injury and microangiopathy. Moreover, its expression and distribution in different organs correlate with age and play critical regulatory roles in oxidative stress and inflammation. This review introduces the background of diabetic microangiopathy and the main functions of Sirt1. Then, the relationship between Sirt1 and different diabetic microangiopathies and the regulatory roles mediated by different cells are described. Finally, we summarize the modulators that target Sirt1 to ameliorate diabetic microangiopathy as an essential preventive and therapeutic measure for diabetic microangiopathy. In conclusion, targeting Sirt1 may be a new therapeutic strategy for diabetic microangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongfei Fu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Peng
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Li G, Hou N, Liu H, Li J, Deng H, Lan H, Xiong S. Dapagliflozin alleviates high glucose-induced injury of endothelial cells via inducing autophagy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13846. [PMID: 38382536 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia is a key factor in the progression of diabetes complications. Dapagliflozin (DAPA), a new type of hypoglycaemic agent, has been shown to play an important role in anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Previous studies have demonstrated an endothelial protective effect of DAPA, but the underlying mechanism was still unclear. Autophagy is a homeostatic cellular mechanism that circulates unfolded proteins and damaged organelles through lysosomal dependent degradation. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether DAPA plays a protective role against high glucose (HG)-induced endothelial injury through regulating autophagy. The results showed that DAPA treatment resulted in increased cell viability. Additionally, DAPA treatment decreased interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α levels in endothelial cells subjected to HG conditions. We observed that HG inhibited autophagy, and DAPA increased the autophagy level by inhibiting the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. Chloroquine reversed all of these beneficial effects as an autophagy inhibitor. In summary, the endothelial protective effect of DAPA in HG can be attributed in part to its role in activating of autophagy via the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Therefore, suggesting that the activation of autophagy by DAPA may be a novel target for the treatment of HG-induced endothelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ningxin Hou
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huagang Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongping Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongwen Lan
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sizheng Xiong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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10
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Zhou J, Gao B, Zhang H, Yang R, Huang J, Li X, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Zhu X, Luo Y, Yan F. Ginsenoside modified lipid-coated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets: A novel approach to reduce complement protein adsorption and prolong in vivo circulation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1845-1863. [PMID: 38572112 PMCID: PMC10985128 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-coated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (lp-NDs) hold great promise in bio-medicine as vehicles for drug delivery, molecular imaging and vaccine agents. However, their clinical utility is restricted by limited targeted accumulation, attributed to the innate immune system (IIS), which acts as the initial defense mechanism in humans. This study aimed to optimize lp-ND formulations to minimize non-specific clearance by the IIS. Ginsenosides (Gs), the principal components of Panax ginseng, possessing complement inhibition ability, structural similarity to cholesterol, and comparable fat solubility to phospholipids, were used as promising candidate IIS inhibitors. Two different types of ginsenoside-based lp-NDs (Gs lp-NDs) were created, and their efficacy in reducing IIS recognition was examined. The Gs lp-NDs were observed to inhibit the adsorption of C3 in the protein corona (PC) and the generation of SC5b-9. Adding Gs to lp-NDs reduced complement adsorption and phagocytosis, resulting in a longer blood circulation time in vivo compared to lp-NDs that did not contain Gs. These results suggest that Gs can act as anti-complement and anti-phagocytosis adjuvants, potentially reducing non-specific clearance by the IIS and improving lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Ultrasound Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Binyang Gao
- Ultrasound Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Ultrasound Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Ultrasound Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianbo Huang
- Ultrasound Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Li
- West China Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- West China Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Research Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Ultrasound Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Ultrasound Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Ultrasound Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Yang K, Zeng L, He Q, Wang S, Xu H, Ge J. Advancements in research on the immune-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke and the regulatory role of natural plant products. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1250918. [PMID: 38601463 PMCID: PMC11004298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1250918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of mortality and disability among adults. Recanalization of blood vessels to facilitate timely reperfusion is the primary clinical approach; however, reperfusion itself may trigger cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Emerging evidence strongly implicates the NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential therapeutic target, playing a key role in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. The aberrant expression and function of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in cerebral ischemia have garnered considerable attention as a recent research focus. Accordingly, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the signaling pathways, pathological mechanisms, and intricate interactions involving NLRP3 inflammasomes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Moreover, notable progress has been made in investigating the impact of natural plant products (e.g., Proanthocyanidins, methylliensinine, salidroside, α-asarone, acacia, curcumin, morin, ginsenoside Rd, paeoniflorin, breviscapine, sulforaphane, etc.) on regulating cerebral ischemia and reperfusion by modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitigating the release of inflammatory cytokines. These findings aim to present novel insights that could contribute to the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yin X, Guo Z, Song C. AMPK, a key molecule regulating aging-related myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:257. [PMID: 38302614 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Aging leads to the threat of more diseases to the biological anatomical structure and the decline of disease resistance, increasing the incidence and mortality of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Moreover, MI/RI promotes damage to an aging heart. Notably, 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates cellular energy metabolism, stress response, and protein metabolism, participates in aging-related signaling pathways, and plays an essential role in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury diseases. This study aims to introduce the aging theory, summarize the interaction between aging and MI/RI, and describe the crosstalk of AMPK in aging and MI/RI. We show how AMPK can offer protective effects against age-related stressors, lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption and smoking, and hypertension. We also review some of the clinical prospects for the development of interventions that harness the effect of AMPK to treat MI/RI and other age-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No.218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No.218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No.218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
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Dai X, Liu Y, Liu T, Zhang Y, Wang S, Xu T, Yin J, Shi H, Ye Z, Zhu R, Gao J, Dong G, Zhao D, Gao S, Wang X, Prentki M, Brὂmme D, Wang L, Zhang D. SiJunZi decoction ameliorates bone quality and redox homeostasis and regulates advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end products and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways in diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117167. [PMID: 37716489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE SiJunZi decoction (SJZD), one of the traditional Chinese medicine formulas, has been clinically and traditionally used to improve glucose and lipid metabolism and promote bone remodeling. AIM OF THE STUDY To study the actions and mechanisms of SJZD on bone remodeling in a type 2 diabetes mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic mice generated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) were subjected to SJZD treatment for 8 weeks. Blood glucose and lipid profile, redox status and bone metabolism were determined by ELISA or biochemical assays. Bone quality was evaluated by micro-CT, three-point bending assay and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). Bone histomorphometry alterations were evaluated by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and Safranin O-fast green staining. The expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE), phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (p-NF-κB), NF-κB, cathepsin K, semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), p-GSK-3β, (p)-β-catenin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Cyclin D1 in the femurs and/or tibias were examined by Western blot or immunohistochemical staining. The main constituents in the SJZD aqueous extract were characterized by a HPLC/MS. RESULTS SJZD intervention improved glucose and lipid metabolism and preserved bone quality in the diabetic mice, in particular glucose tolerance, lipid profile, bone microarchitecture, strength and material composition. SJZD administration to diabetic mice preserved redox homeostasis in serum and bone marrow, and prevented an increase in AGEs, RAGE, p-NF-κB/NF-κB, cathepsin K, p-GSK-3β, p-β-catenin expressions and a decrease in Sema3A, IGF1, β-catenin, Runx2 and Cyclin D1 expressions in tibias and/or femurs. Thirteen compounds were identified in SJZD aqueous extract, including astilbin, liquiritin apioside, ononin, ginsenoside Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rb2, Ro, Rb3, Rd, notoginsenoside R2, glycyrrhizic acid, and licoricesaponin B2. CONCLUSIONS SJZD ameliorates bone quality in diabetic mice possibly via maintaining redox homeostasis. The mechanism governing these alterations are possibly related to effects on the AGEs/RAGE and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. SJZD may offer a novel source of drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dai
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yage Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Tianyuan Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yueyi Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Tianshu Xu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hanfen Shi
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zimengwei Ye
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Junfeng Gao
- The Scientific Research Center, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Guangtong Dong
- Department of Chinese Medicine Formulas, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xinxiang Wang
- The Scientific Research Center, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Dieter Brὂmme
- Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Gao Q, Li G, Zu Y, Xu Y, Wang C, Xiang D, He W, Shang T, Cheng X, Liu D, Zhang C. Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury by inhibiting hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress via SIRT1 activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117089. [PMID: 37634749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey) is a common traditional Chinese medicine used for anti-inflammation, treating colitis, type 2 diabetes, diarrhea, and recovering hepatobiliary function. Ginsenosides, the main active components isolated from ginseng, possess liver and gallbladder diseases therapeutic potential. AIMS OF THE STUDY Cholestatic liver injury (CLI) is a liver disease induced by intrahepatic accumulation of toxic bile acids and currently lacks clinically effective drugs. Our previous study found that ginsenosides alleviated CLI by activating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), but the effective ingredients and the underlying mechanism have not been clarified. This study aimed to identify an effective ingredient with the most significant activation effect on SIRT1 from the five major monomer saponins of ginsenosides: Rb1, Rd, Rg1, 20s-Rg3, and Rc further explore its protective effects on CLI, and elaborate its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Discovery Studio 3.0 was used to conduct molecular docking between monomer saponins and SIRT1, and further detect the influence of monomer saponins on SIRT1 activity in vitro. Finally, it was determined that Rg1 had the most significant stimulative effect on SIRT1, and the hepatoprotective activity of Rg1 in CLI was explored in vivo. Wild-type mice were intragastrically α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) to establish an experimental model of intrahepatic cholestasis and Rg1 intervention, and then liver injury and cholestasis related indexes were detected. In addition, Liver-specific SIRT1 gene knockout (SIRT1-/-) mice were administered with ANIT and/or Rg1 to further investigate the mechanism of action of Rg1. RESULTS The results of molecular docking and in vitro experiments showed that all the five ginsenoside monomers could bind to the active site of SIRT1 and promote SIRT1 activity in HepG2 cells. Among them, Rg1 exhibited the most significant stimulation of SIRT1 activity in cholestasis. Besides, it could ameliorate ANIT-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Therefore, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of Rg1 on CLI. Results showed that Rg1 reversed the ANIT-induced increase in biochemical parameters, improved liver pathological injury, and decreased liver lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory factor levels. Mechanistically, Rg1 induced SIRT1 expression, followed by promoted the activity of Nrf2 and suppressed the activation of NF-κB. Interestingly, the hepatoprotective effect of Rg1 was blocked in SIRT1-/- mice. CONCLUSION Rg1 mitigated ANIT-induced CLI via upregulating SIRT1 expression, and our results suggested that Rg1 is a candidate compound for treating CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Zu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanjiao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Congyi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenxi He
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tianze Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinwei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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15
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Huang Q, Yao Y, Wang Y, Li J, Chen J, Wu M, Guo C, Lou J, Yang W, Zhao L, Tong X, Zhao D, Li X. Ginsenoside Rb2 inhibits p300-mediated SF3A2 acetylation at lysine 10 to promote Fscn1 alternative splicing against myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00399-5. [PMID: 38101749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ginsenosides (GS) derived from Panax ginseng can regulate protein acetylation to promote mitochondrial function for protecting cardiomyocytes. However, the potential mechanisms of GS for regulating acetylation modification are not yet clear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of GS in regulating protein acetylation and identify ginsenoside monomer for fighting myocardial ischemia-related diseases. METHODS The 4D-lable free acetylomic analysis was employed to gain the acetylated proteins regulated by GS pretreatment. The co-immunoprecipitation assay, immunofluorescent staining, and mitochondrial respiration measurement were performed to detect the effect of GS or ginsenoside monomer on acetylated protein level and mitochondrial function. RNA sequencing, site-specific mutation, and shRNA interference were used to explore the downstream targets of acetylation modificationby GS. Cellular thermal shift assay and surface plasmon resonance were used for identifying the binding of ginsenoside with target protein. RESULTS In the cardiomyocytes of normal, oxygen glucose deprivation and/or reperfusion conditions, the acetylomic analysis identified that the acetylated levels of spliceosome proteins were inhibited by GS pretreatment and SF3A2 acetylation at lysine 10 (K10) was significantly decreased as a potential target of GS. Ginsenoside Rb2 was identified as one of the active ginsenoside monomers for reducing the acetylation of SF3A2 (K10), which enhanced mitochondrial respiration against myocardial ischemic injury in in vivo and in vitro experiments. RNA-seq analysis showed that ginsenoside Rb2 promoted alternative splicing of mitochondrial function-related genes and the level of fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (Fscn1) was obviously upregulated, which was dependent on SF3A2 acetylation. Critically, thermodynamic, kinetic and enzymatic experiments demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb2 directly interacted with p300 for inhibiting its activity. CONCLUSION These findings provide a novel mechanism underlying cardiomyocyte protection of ginsenoside Rb2 by inhibiting p300-mediated SF3A2 acteylation for promoting Fscn1 expression, which might be a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Huang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Yisa Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Jing Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Mingxia Wu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Jia Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
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Li S, Ruan B, Wang Z, Xia J, Lin Q, Xu R, Zhu H, Yu Z. Glucose dysregulation promotes oncogenesis in human bladder cancer by regulating autophagy and YAP1/TAZ expression. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3744-3759. [PMID: 37665055 PMCID: PMC10718143 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose dysregulation is strongly correlated with cancer development, and cancer is prevalent in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying autophagy in response to glucose dysregulation in human bladder cancer (BC). 220 BC patients were included in this retrospective study. The expression of YAP1, TAZ and AMPK, EMT-associated markers, and autophagy marker proteins was analysed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Further, T24 and UMUC-3 BC cells were cultured in media with different glucose concentrations, and the expression of YAP1, TAZ, AMPK and EMT-associated markers, and autophagy marker proteins was analysed by western blotting and qPCR. Autophagy was observed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. BC cell viability was tested using MTT assays. A xenograft nude mouse model of diabetes was used to evaluate tumour growth, metastasis and survival. A poorer pathologic grade and tumour-node-metastasis stage were observed in patients with BC with comorbid T2D than in others with BC. YAP1 and TAZ were upregulated in BC samples from patients with T2D. Mechanistically, high glucose (HG) promoted BC progression both in vitro and in vivo and inhibited autophagy. Specifically, various autophagy marker proteins and AMPK were negatively regulated under HG conditions and correlated with YAP1 and TAZ expression. These results demonstrate that HG inhibits autophagy and promotes cancer development in BC. YAP1/TAZ/AMPK signalling plays a crucial role in regulating glucose dysregulation during autophagy. Targeting these effectors exhibits therapeutic significance and can serve as prognostic markers in BC patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Li
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Banzhan Ruan
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital and Tumor InstituteHainan Medical UniversityHaikouHainanChina
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Urology and Chest SurgeryThe People Hospital of TongjiangBazhongSichuanChina
| | - Jianling Xia
- Department of Oncology and HematologyThe People Hospital of TongjiangBazhongSichuanChina
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalHospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ruoting Xu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Zhixian Yu
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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Chiu CC, Cheng KC, Lin YH, He CX, Bow YD, Li CY, Wu CY, Wang HMD, Sheu SJ. Prolonged Exposure to High Glucose Induces Premature Senescence Through Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:21. [PMID: 37638991 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia involves persistent high-glucose exposure and correlates with retinal degeneration. It causes various diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major cause of adult vision loss. Most in vitro studies have investigated the damaging short-term effects of high glucose exposure on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. DR is also a severe complication of diabetes. In this study, we established a model with prolonged high-glucose exposure (15 and 75 mM exogenous glucose for two months) to mimic RPE tissue pathophysiology in patients with hyperglycemia. Prolonged high-glucose exposure attenuated glucose uptake and clonogenicity in ARPE-19 cells. It also significantly increased reactive oxygen species levels and decreased antioxidant protein (superoxide dismutase 2) levels in RPE cells, possibly causing oxidative stress and DNA damage and impairing proliferation. Western blotting showed that autophagic stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and genotoxic stress were induced by prolonged high-glucose exposure in RPE cells. Despite a moderate apoptotic cell population detected using the Annexin V-staining assay, the increases in the senescence-associated proteins p53 and p21 and SA-β-gal-positive cells suggest that prolonged high-glucose exposure dominantly sensitized RPE cells to premature senescence. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing suggested that upregulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage-associated pathways contributed to stress-induced premature senescence of ARPE-19 cells. Our findings elucidate the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia-associated retinal diseases and should benefit the future development of preventive drugs. Prolonged high-glucose exposure downregulates glucose uptake and oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through regulation of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression. Autophagic stress, ER stress, and DNA damage stress (genotoxic stress) are also induced by prolonged high-glucose exposure in RPE cells. Consequently, multiple stresses induce the upregulation of the senescence-associated proteins p53 and p21. Although both apoptosis and premature senescence contribute to high glucose exposure-induced anti-proliferation of RPE cells, the present work shows that premature senescence rather than apoptosis is the dominant cause of RPE degeneration, eventually leading to the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Xi He
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ding Bow
- Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Jiuan Sheu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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18
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Oshitari T. Neurovascular Cell Death and Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12919. [PMID: 37629100 PMCID: PMC10454228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness worldwide. DR was recently defined as a neurovascular disease associated with tissue-specific neurovascular impairment of the retina in patients with diabetes. Neurovascular cell death is the main cause of neurovascular impairment in DR. Thus, neurovascular cell protection is a potential therapy for preventing the progression of DR. Growing evidence indicates that a variety of cell death pathways, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis, are associated with neurovascular cell death in DR. These forms of regulated cell death may serve as therapeutic targets for ameliorating the pathogenesis of DR. This review focuses on these cell death mechanisms and describes potential therapies for the treatment of DR that protect against neurovascular cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Oshitari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; ; Tel.: +81-43-226-2124; Fax: +81-43-224-4162
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Japan
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19
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Liu DD, Zhang CY, Zhang JT, Gu LM, Xu GT, Zhang JF. Epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in diabetic retinopathy: beyond the surface. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1441-1449. [PMID: 36571340 PMCID: PMC10075108 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics focuses on DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNAs, and other gene regulation mechanisms beyond the DNA sequence. In the past decade, epigenetic modifications have drawn more attention as they participate in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy despite tight control of glucose levels. The underlying mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in diabetic retinopathy still urgently need to be elucidated. The diabetic condition facilitates epigenetic changes and influences target gene expression. In this review, we summarize the involvement of epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy and propose novel insights into the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Min Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Fa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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20
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Guo C, Huang Q, Wang Y, Yao Y, Li J, Chen J, Wu M, Zhang Z, E M, Qi H, Ji P, Liu Q, Zhao D, Su H, Qi W, Li X. Therapeutic application of natural products: NAD + metabolism as potential target. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154768. [PMID: 36948143 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism is involved in the entire physiopathological process and is critical to human health. Long-term imbalance in NAD+ homeostasis is associated with various diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, aging, and cancer, making it a potential target for effective therapeutic strategies. Currently, several natural products that target NAD+ metabolism have been widely reported to have significant therapeutic effects, but systematic summaries are lacking. PURPOSE To summarize the latest findings on the prevention and treatment of various diseases through the regulation of NAD+ metabolism by various natural products in vivo and in vitro models, and evaluate the toxicities of the natural products. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched using the keywords "natural products sources," "toxicology," "NAD+ clinical trials," and "NAD+," and/or paired with "natural products" and "diseases" for studies published within the last decade until January 2023. RESULTS We found that the natural products mainly include phenols (curcumin, cyclocurcumin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, salvianolic acid B, pterostilbene, EGCG), flavonoids (pinostrobin, apigenin, acacetin, tilianin, kaempferol, quercetin, isoliquiritigenin, luteolin, silybin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, scutellarin), glycosides (salidroside), quinones (emodin, embelin, β-LAPachone, shikonin), terpenoids (notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside F2, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg3, thymoquinone, genipin), pyrazines (tetramethylpyrazine), alkaloids (evodiamine, berberine), and phenylpropanoids (ferulic acid). These natural products have antioxidant, energy-producing, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-aging effects, which mainly influence the NAMPT/NAD+/SIRT, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, Nrf2/HO-1, PKCs/PARPs/NF-κB, and AMPK/Nrf2/mTOR signaling pathways, thereby regulating NAD+ metabolism to prevent and treat various diseases. These natural products have been shown to be safe, tolerable and have fewer adverse effects in various in vivo and in vitro studies and clinical trials. CONCLUSION We evaluated the toxic effects of natural products and summarized the available clinical trials on NAD+ metabolism, as well as the recent advances in the therapeutic application of natural products targeting NAD+ metabolism, with the aim to provide new insights into the treatment of multiple disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yisa Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Jing Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Mingxia Wu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Mingyao E
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Hang Su
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
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21
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He Y, Wang Y, Jia X, Li Y, Yang Y, Pan L, Zhao R, Han Y, Wang F, Guan X, Hou T. Glycolytic reprogramming controls periodontitis-associated macrophage pyroptosis via AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110192. [PMID: 37068341 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis has been demonstrated as a crucial metabolic process in bacteria infected diseases via modulating the activity of pyroptosis. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells that infiltrated in the infected periodontal tissues, which significantly influence the outcome of periodontitis (PD). However, the effect of glycolysis in regulating macrophage pyroptosis during PD development remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of glycolysis in PD-associated macrophage pyroptosis and periodontal degeneration. Clinical specimens were used to determine the emergence of macrophage pyroptosis and glycolysis in periodontal tissues by immunohistochemical analysis and western blot. For an in-depth understanding of the regulatory effect of glycolysis in the progression of macrophage pyroptosis associated periodontitis, both in vivo PD model and in vitro PD model were treated with 2-DG (2-Deoxy-d-glucose), a glycolysis inhibitor. The data showed that the blockade of glycolysis could significantly suppress the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced macrophage pyroptosis, resulting in an attenuation of the inflammatory response and bone resorption in periodontal lesions. Furthermore, we revealed that the regulatory effect of glycolysis on macrophage pyroptosis can be mediated via AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study unveiled that suppressed glycolysis restrains the activity of PD-associated macrophage pyroptosis, osteoclastogenesis, and subsequent periodontal tissue destruction. These findings extend our knowledge of glycolysis in regulating PD-associated macrophage pyroptosis and provide a potential novel target for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani He
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangbin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lifei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Han
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Experimental Center of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyue Guan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tiezhou Hou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Wei RY, Jiang YY, Tang K, Wang Z, Tan NH. Simultaneous determination of Panax notoginseng total saponins in rabbit tears by UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1218:123490. [PMID: 36854204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng total saponins (PNS), the main bioactive components of the radix and rhizome of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, could treat eye disorders. For the treatment of ocular diseases, eye drops are the first choice with the most common, economic and good compliance. So we proposed that PNS might be able to treat inflammatory ocular surface diseases by eye drops based on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The short elimination half-life (t1/2) and rapid elimination of PNS after oral or intravenous administration may limit its application for eye disorders. Meanwhile, there is a lack of pharmacokinetic study on trace amount of tear samples with PNS eye drops. Therefore, a simple and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode was firstly developed and applied in the pharmacokinetic study of PNS in rabbit tears. Tears samples were prepared by protein precipitation using methanol. The linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, specificity, precision, repeatability, stability, recovery, and matrix effect have been investigated and passed their validation criteria. Compared with prior methods, this method has the advantages of rapid analysis, high sensitivity, simple sample preparation and less sample demands. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that PNS eye drops had a slower elimination and a longer t1/2 by topical ocular administration, which is expected to improve the success rate of eye drops in the treatment of anterior segment diseases. The ocular pharmacokinetics of PNS provides an experimental guidance and feasibility basis for in vivo effect verification of PNS eye drops in the future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Yun Wei
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ye-Ying Jiang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Ning-Hua Tan
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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23
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Zhao B, Zhu L, Ye M, Lou X, Mou Q, Hu Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Oxidative stress and epigenetics in ocular vascular aging: an updated review. Mol Med 2023; 29:28. [PMID: 36849907 PMCID: PMC9972630 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is an inevitable process with advancing age, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and microvascular diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by microvascular dysfunction, are the common causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, however there is still a lack of effective therapeutic strategies for rescuing the visual function. In order to develop novel treatments, it is essential to illuminate the pathological mechanisms underlying the vascular aging during DR and AMD progression. In this review, we have summarized the recent discoveries of the effects of oxidative stress and epigenetics on microvascular degeneration, which could provide potential therapeutic targets for DR and AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lijia Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaotong Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qianxue Mou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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24
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Mi L, Fan M, Liu T, Wu D, Wang Y, Li F, Cai Y, Qiu Z, Liu D, Cao L. Ginsenoside Rd protects transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans from β-amyloid toxicity by activating oxidative resistant. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1074397. [PMID: 36588689 PMCID: PMC9797510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1074397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious public health issue but few drugs are currently available for the disease, and these only target the symptoms. It is well established that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in AD, and there is compelling evidence linking oxidative stress to β-amyloid (Aβ). An exciting source of potential new AD therapeutic medication possibilities is medicinal plants. Ginsenoside Rd (GS-Rd) is one of the main bioactive substances in ginseng extracts. In our study, we used a network pharmacology analysis to identify overlapping GS-Rd (therapeutic) and AD (disease)-relevant protein targets, gene ontology (GO) and bio-process annotation, and the KEGG pathway analysis data predicted that GS-Rd impacts multiple targets and pathways, such as the MAPK signal pathway and the JAT-STAT3 signaling pathway. We then assessed the role of GS-Rd in C. elegans and found that GS-Rd prolongs lifespan, improves resistance to heat stress, delays physical paralysis and increases oxidative stress responses. Overall, these results suggest that GS-Rd protects against the toxicity of Aβ. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that GS-Rd achieves its effects by regulating gene expressions like daf-16 and skn-1, as well as by participating in many AD-related pathways like the MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, in CL4176 worms, GS-Rd decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased SOD activity. Additional research with transgenic worms showed that GS-Rd aided in the movement of DAF-16 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Taken together, the results indicate that GS-Rd significantly reduces Aβ aggregation by targeting the MAPK signal pathway, induces nuclear translocation of DAF-16 to activate downstream signaling pathways and increases resistance to oxidative stress in C. elegans to protect against Aβ-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Mi
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meiling Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tianjia Liu
- Scientific Research Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Donglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fuqiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Lingling Cao, ; Da Liu, ; Zhidong Qiu,
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Lingling Cao, ; Da Liu, ; Zhidong Qiu,
| | - Lingling Cao
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Lingling Cao, ; Da Liu, ; Zhidong Qiu,
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25
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Wijaya YT, Setiawan T, Sari IN, Park K, Lee CH, Cho KW, Lee YK, Lim JY, Yoon JK, Lee SH, Kwon HY. Ginsenoside Rd ameliorates muscle wasting by suppressing the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:3149-3162. [PMID: 36127129 PMCID: PMC9745546 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of some drugs, aging, cancers, and other diseases can cause muscle wasting. Currently, there are no effective drugs for treating muscle wasting. In this study, the effects of ginsenoside Rd (GRd) on muscle wasting were studied. METHODS Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced myotube atrophy in mouse C2C12 and human skeletal myoblasts (HSkM) was evaluated based on cell thickness. Atrophy-related signalling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial number were assessed. GRd (10 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to aged mice (23-24 months old) and tumour-bearing (Lewis lung carcinoma [LLC1] or CT26) mice for 5 weeks and 16 days, respectively. Body weight, grip strength, inverted hanging time, and muscle weight were assessed. Histological analysis was also performed to assess the effects of GRd. The evolutionary chemical binding similarity (ECBS) approach, molecular docking, Biacore assay, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 reporter assay were used to identify targets of GRd. RESULTS GRd significantly induced hypertrophy in the C2C12 and HSkM myotubes (average diameter 50.8 ± 2.6% and 49.9% ± 3.7% higher at 100 nM, vs. control, P ≤ 0.001). GRd treatment ameliorated aging- and cancer-induced (LLC1 or CT26) muscle atrophy in mice, which was evidenced by significant increases in grip strength, hanging time, muscle mass, and muscle tissue cross-sectional area (1.3-fold to 4.6-fold, vs. vehicle, P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.001). STAT3 was found to be a possible target of GRd by the ECBS approach and molecular docking assay. Validation of direct interaction between GRd and STAT3 was confirmed through Biacore analysis. GRd also inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 reporter activity, which led to the inhibition of STAT3 nuclear translocation and the suppression of downstream targets of STAT3, such as atrogin-1, muscle-specific RING finger protein (MuRF-1), and myostatin (MSTN) (29.0 ± 11.2% to 84.3 ± 30.5%, vs. vehicle, P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.001). Additionally, GRd scavenged ROS (91.7 ± 1.4% reduction at 1 nM, vs. vehicle, P ≤ 0.001), inhibited TNF-α-induced dysregulation of ROS level, and improved mitochondrial integrity (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS GRd ameliorates aging- and cancer-induced muscle wasting. Our findings suggest that GRd may be a novel therapeutic agent or adjuvant for reversing muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tania Setiawan
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Institute of Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hwan Lee
- Liver Clinic, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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26
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Insights into Recent Studies on Biotransformation and Pharmacological Activities of Ginsenoside Rd. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040512. [PMID: 35454101 PMCID: PMC9031344 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that ginsenosides—major bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng—are attracting more attention due to their beneficial pharmacological activities. Ginsenoside Rd, belonging to protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides, exhibits diverse and powerful pharmacological activities. In recent decades, nearly 300 studies on the pharmacological activities of Rd—as a potential treatment for a variety of diseases—have been published. However, no specific, comprehensive reviews have been documented to date. The present review not only summarizes the in vitro and in vivo studies on the health benefits of Rd, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, ischemic stroke, immunoregulation, and other pharmacological effects, it also delves into the inclusion of potential molecular mechanisms, providing an overview of future prospects for the use of Rd in the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Although biotransformation, pharmacokinetics, and clinical studies of Rd have also been reviewed, clinical trial data of Rd are limited; the only data available are for its treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Therefore, clinical evidence of Rd should be considered in future studies.
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