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Cheng CF, Lu CW, Wu WJ, Su LY, Nguyen TKN, Shen SC, Lien CY, Chuang WC, Lee MC, Wu CH. Therapeutic Effects of Plant Extracts of Anoectochilus roxburghii on Side Effects of Chemotherapy in BALB/c Breast Cancer Mice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2494. [PMID: 37447055 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and chemotherapy is an effective treatment. However, chemotherapy often causes adverse side effects such as cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, immunodeficiency, and osteoporosis. Our study focused on the alleviating effects of Anoectochilus roxburghii extracts (AREs) on the adverse side effects of chemotherapy in mice with breast cancer. We individually evaluated the antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity of the AREs using DPPH and MTT assays. We also examined the effects of the AREs on intracellular F-actin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of 4T1 cancer cells before and after doxorubicin (DOX) treatment. Our results showed that ARE treatment enhanced the effects of DOX chemotherapy by promoting cell morphology damage, oxidative stress, and ROS generation, as well as by reducing MMP in the 4T1 breast cancer cells. By using BALB/c mice with breast cancer with DOX treatment, our results showed that the DOX treatment reduced body weight, blood pressure, and heart rate and induced myelosuppression, immunodeficiency, cardiotoxicity, and osteoporosis. After oral ARE treatment of BALB/c mice with breast cancer, the chemotherapeutic effects of DOX were enhanced, and the adverse side effects of DOX chemotherapy were alleviated. Based on the above results, we suggest that AREs can be used as an adjuvant reliever to DOX chemotherapy in BALB/c mice with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Cheng
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, Taipei City United Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wen Lu
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jhen Wu
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Su
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lien
- Master Program of Sport Facility Management and Health Promotion, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chang Chuang
- Sun Ten Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Lee
- Brion Research Institute of Taiwan, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Wu
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Xie A, Wan H, Feng L, Yang B, Wan Y. Protective Effect of Anoectochilus formosanus Polysaccharide against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in BALB/c Mice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091910. [PMID: 37174447 PMCID: PMC10178248 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Anoectochilus formosanus polysaccharide (AFP) was acquired a via water extraction and alcohol precipitation method. The immunoregulatory activity of AFP was first evaluated on cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated mice. Galacturonic acid, glucose and galactose were confirmed to be the main components of AFP. AFP demonstrated the ability to stimulate the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Not surprisingly, the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by AFP was validated via Western blot analysis. Furthermore, AFP could alleviate Cy-induced immunosuppression, and significantly enhance the immunity of mice via increasing the thymus index and body weight, stimulating the production of cytokines (IgA, IgG, SIgA, IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ). The improvement in the intestinal morphology of immunosuppressed mice showed that AFP could alleviate Cy-induced immune toxicity. These results have raised the possibility that AFP may act as a natural immunomodulator. Overall, the study of AFP was innovative and of great significance for AFP's further application and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Boyun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yiqun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Chung DC, Long Le T, Ho NQC, Nguyen TT, Do DG, Do DT, Nguyen TPM, Nguyen TPT, Hoang NS. Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo potential toxicity of the extract from in vitro cultivated Anoectochilus roxburghii Lindl. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:987-1003. [PMID: 34384338 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1963363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii Lind. (A. roxburghii) has promising anti-oxidant, hyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities as well as anti-tumor effects. However, the pharmacological actions of in vitro cultured plants remain to be determined. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo potential toxicity of an extract derived from in vitro cultivated A. roxburghii, termed as iARE. The total flavonoid content and predominant flavonoid compounds of extract were identified and quantitatively analyzed. The in vitro cytotoxicity of iARE was examined using several cancer and normal cell lines. The apoptotic activity and expression of apoptosis-associated genes were also examined in MCF7 cells to determine the underlying mechanisms related to anti-proliferative effects. In vivo potential toxicity of iARE was assessed following acute and subchronic oral administration in Sprague Dawley rats. Quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were three flavonoid components identified in iARE. The extract exerted cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells but not normal fibroblasts. Apoptosis in MCF7 cells was induced by iARE in a concentration-dependent manner associated with increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential ΔΨm, leading to release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3/7 and caspase-9, and cleavage of PARP. In the acute oral toxicity study, no mortality or toxicological signs were observed in rats at 1000 or 5000 mg/kg. In a subchronic oral toxicity study, iARE at a dosage of up to 1000 mg/kg produced no mortality or treatment-related adverse effects on general behavior, food intake, body weight, relative organ weights. No apparent marked changes in the histopathology of the liver and kidney were detected. Data demonstrated that iARE induced in vitro cytotoxic effects in cancer cells are associated with lackof invivo toxicity. Thus, iARE was suggested to be considered as apotential therapeutic candidate for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Chinh Chung
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Long Le
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quynh Chi Ho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dang Giap Do
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duc Thang Do
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Mai Nguyen
- Museum Department, Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Da Lat City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City, Vietnam
| | - Nghia Son Hoang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City, Vietnam
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Ri MH, Ma J, Jin X. Development of natural products for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy against cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114370. [PMID: 34214644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint is one of the most promising therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy, but several challenges remain in current anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Natural products, mainly derived from traditional medicine, could improve and expand anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy because of their advantages such as large diversity and multi-target effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This review summarize natural products, raw extracts, and traditional medicines with pharmacological effects associated with the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, particularly PD-L1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic literature databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, and online drugs and chemicals databases, including DrugBank, ZINC, PubChem, STITCH, and CTD, were searched without date limitation by February 2021. 'Natural product or herb or herbal plant or traditional medicine' and 'PD-L1' and 'Cancer immunotherapy' were used as the search keywords. Among 112 articles identified in database searching, 54 articles are full text articles, reporting in silico, in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. 68 articles included are review articles and grey literature such as thesis and congress abstracts. RESULTS Several natural products and traditional medicines have exhibited diverse and multi-functional effects including direct blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions, modulation of PD-L1 expression, and cooperation with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. CONCLUSION Natural products and traditional medicines can facilitate the development of more effective and acceptable diverse strategies for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, but further exploration of natural products and pharmaceutical techniques is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Hak Ri
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Faculty of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Chen C, Kang M, Wang Q, Liu W, Yang M, Liang S, Xiang Q, Han X, Tao J. Combination of Anoectochilus roxburghii Polysaccharide and Exercise Ameliorates Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Obese Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:735501. [PMID: 34692748 PMCID: PMC8531120 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.735501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders that threatens public health. Nevertheless, its exact mechanism and relative intervention remain largely obscure. Accumulating evidence indicate that tither Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide (ARP) or exercise (EX) exhibited the beneficial effects on metabolic health. However, the synergetic beneficial effects of ARP and EX as a combined intervention on obesity-induced metabolic disorders remain largely obscure. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and intervened with ARP and EX for 12 continuous weeks. The results indicated that the ARP, EX, and ARP combined with EX treatment group regulated lipogenesis by suppressing the fatty acid pathway, dampening the system oxidative stress by stimulating Nrf2-mediated phase II enzyme system, and promoting the mitochondrial function by activating the mitochondrial complexes and PGC-1α in HFD mice. More importantly, the combination of ARP and EX showed an even greater beneficial effects relative to either ARP or EX alone, especially in decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Taken together, these findings further confirmed that ARP and EX could be effective interventions on obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities, and that the combination of ARP and EX exhibited the beneficial synergetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meisong Kang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiaowen Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minguang Yang
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Xiang
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Aiello P, Sharghi M, Mansourkhani SM, Ardekan AP, Jouybari L, Daraei N, Peiro K, Mohamadian S, Rezaei M, Heidari M, Peluso I, Ghorat F, Bishayee A, Kooti W. Medicinal Plants in the Prevention and Treatment of Colon Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2075614. [PMID: 32377288 PMCID: PMC7187726 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2075614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The standard treatment for cancer is generally based on using cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. However, the use of traditional treatments has received attention in recent years. The aim of the present work was to provide an overview of medicinal plants effective on colon cancer with special emphasis on bioactive components and underlying mechanisms of action. Various literature databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, were used and English language articles were considered. Based on literature search, 172 experimental studies and 71 clinical cases on 190 plants were included. The results indicate that grape, soybean, green tea, garlic, olive, and pomegranate are the most effective plants against colon cancer. In these studies, fruits, seeds, leaves, and plant roots were used for in vitro and in vivo models. Various anticolon cancer mechanisms of these medicinal plants include induction of superoxide dismutase, reduction of DNA oxidation, induction of apoptosis by inducing a cell cycle arrest in S phase, reducing the expression of PI3K, P-Akt protein, and MMP as well; reduction of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, and decrease of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin A, cyclin D1, cyclin B1 and cyclin E. Plant compounds also increase both the expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p53, p21, and p27, and the BAD, Bax, caspase 3, caspase 7, caspase 8, and caspase 9 proteins levels. In fact, purification of herbal compounds and demonstration of their efficacy in appropriate in vivo models, as well as clinical studies, may lead to alternative and effective ways of controlling and treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Aiello
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maedeh Sharghi
- Nursing and Midwifery School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Azam Pourabbasi Ardekan
- Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Leila Jouybari
- Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nahid Daraei
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Peiro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sima Mohamadian
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Rezaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Heidari
- Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Fereshteh Ghorat
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Wesam Kooti
- Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Kinsenoside attenuates osteoarthritis by repolarizing macrophages through inactivating NF- κB/MAPK signaling and protecting chondrocytes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:973-985. [PMID: 31649847 PMCID: PMC6804452 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effect of kinsenoside (Kin) treatments on macrophage polarity and evaluate the resulting protection of chondrocytes to attenuate osteoarthritis (OA) progression. RAW264.7 macrophages were polarized to M1/M2 subtypes then administered with different concentrations of Kin. The polarization transitions were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), confocal observation and flow cytometry analysis. The mechanism of Kin repolarizing M1 macrophages was evaluated by Western blot. Further, macrophage conditioned medium (CM) and IL-1β were administered to chondrocytes. Micro-CT scanning and histological observations were conducted in vivo on anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mice with or without Kin treatment. We found that Kin repolarized M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Mechanistically, Kin inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα, which further reduced the downstream phosphorylation of P65 in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. Moreover, Kin inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling molecules p-JNK, p-ERK and p-P38. Additionally, Kin attenuated macrophage CM and IL-1β-induced chondrocyte damage. In vivo, Kin reduced the infiltration of M1 macrophages, promoted M2 macrophages in the synovium, inhibited subchondral bone destruction and reduced articular cartilage damage induced by ACLT. All the results indicated that Kin is an effective therapeutic candidate for OA treatment.
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Key Words
- AP-1, activator protein-1
- Arg-1, arginase-1
- BV, bone volume
- BV/TV, bone volume/total tissue volume
- C/EBP β, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β
- CM, conditioned medium
- Chondrocytes
- DMEM, Dulbecco׳s minimum essential medium
- GA, gouty arthritis
- H&E, hematoxylin & eosin
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- IFN-γ, interferon-γ
- IRF4, interferon regulatory factor 4
- Kin, kinsenoside
- Kinsenoside
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MSU, monosodium urate
- Macrophages
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- OA, osteoarthritis
- OARSI, Osteoarthritis Research Society International
- Osteoarthritis
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- Polarization
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S&F, safranin O-fast green
- TLRs, toll-like receptors
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Sp, trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Lee YCG, Sue YM, Lee CK, Huang HM, He JJ, Wang YS, Juan SH. Synergistic effects of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and AMP-activated protein kinase on lipolysis in kinsenoside-treated C3H10T1/2 adipocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:255-263. [PMID: 30668437 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(3R)-hydroxybutanolide (kinsenoside), a major compound of Anoectochilus formosanus, increased lipolysis through an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway. PURPOSE To extend our previous finding, we investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of kinsenoside on lipolysis and the involvement of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and AMPK in kinsenoside-mediated lipolysis. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Mice were fed a high-fat diet for six weeks to induce lipid deposition and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg kinsenoside for two weeks. The coordination of PKA and AMPK activation in lipolysis in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes was evaluated in vitro by using PKA and AMPK's corresponding inhibitors, oil-red O staining, a glycerol production assay, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Kinsenoside reduced body weight, fat pad mass, and hepatic lipid accumulation in obese mice, and concurrently increased the induction and activation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), perilipin, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1). Kinsenoside concentration-dependently increased PKA activation by increasing the phosphorylation of Ser/Thr-PKA substrates in vitro. These increases were accompanied by a reduction in fat accumulation. Using H89 and Rp-8-Br-cAMPs to inhibit PKA reduced the release of glycerol but did not alter the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha or the expression of CPT1 or ATGL. By contrast, compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, inhibited CPT1 and ATGL expression in kinsenoside-treated C3H10T1/2 adipocytes. In addition, H89 caused the reactivation of AMPK downstream targets by increasing the levels of the active form of pAMPK-Thr172, suggesting that PKA negatively modulates AMPK activity. CONCLUSION Kinsenoside increased HSL activation through PKA-mediated phosphorylation at Ser660/563 and concomitantly increased perilipin activation in lipolysis. These lipolytic effects of kinsenoside were validated using 6-Bnz-cAMPs, a PKA agonist. In this study, we demonstrated that in addition to AMPK, PKA also plays a crucial role in kinsenoside-mediated lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chii G Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Mou Sue
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhin-Jyun He
- Department of Physiology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shiou Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Juan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wang W, Su M, Li H, Zeng B, Chang Q, Lai Z. Effects of supplemental lighting with different light qualities on growth and secondary metabolite content of Anoectochilus roxburghii. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5274. [PMID: 30038873 PMCID: PMC6054866 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anoectochilus roxburghii is a widespread herbaceous plant with high medicinal value. Wild A. roxburghii resources face extinction due to their slow growth rate and over exploitation. The growing market demand has led to advances in the field of artificial planting of A. roxburghii. Methods to increase the economic benefits of cultivation and the production of medicinal ingredients are very useful. Methods A. roxburghii was exposed to red light, blue light (BL), yellow light (YL), green light, or white light as supplemental lighting at night (18:00-02:00) in a greenhouse or were left in darkness (control, CK) to investigate the effects of various light qualities on growth indices, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, root vitality, stomatal density, soluble proteins, sugars, and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Results Supplementation of BL had a positive effect on A. roxburghii growth and secondary metabolite accumulation. Leaf number, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll a content, and secondary metabolite (total flavonoids, total polyphenols) content increased significantly. YL treatment showed significantly higher soluble sugar and polysaccharide contents than the control. Discussion BL treatment was conducive to promoting the growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites (total flavonoids, total polyphenols); YL treatment significantly increased the content of soluble sugar and polysaccharides more than the control. Polysaccharides and total flavonoids are important medicinal ingredients of Anoectochilus, so future research will focus on the combination of blue and YL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Minghua Su
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Biyu Zeng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Chang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Antidiabetic activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii and Anoectochilus formosanus in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:882-888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Cytoskyrin C, an unusual asymmetric bisanthraquinone with cage-like skeleton from the endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. Fitoterapia 2018; 128:253-257. [PMID: 29859901 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskyrin C (1), a new bisanthraquinone with asymmetrically cytoskyrin type skeleton, together with a known symmetrical analogue (+)-epicytoskyrin (2), were isolated from an endophytic fungus ARL-09 (Diaporthe sp.). Cytoskyrin C (1) featured an asymmetrically cage-like structural motif arising from the dimerization of anthraquinone monomers by three carbon‑carbon bonds 9a/3', 3/9a' and 1/1'. The structure and absolute configuration of compound 1 were determined by spectroscopic analyses, ECD calculation and exciton chirality methods. Moreover, a plausible biogenetic pathway of 1-2 was predicted. Their cytotoxicities against SMMC-7721 cell as well as effects on NF-κB signaling pathway were evaluated. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Qi CX, Zhou Q, Yuan Z, Luo ZW, Dai C, Zhu HC, Chen CM, Xue YB, Wang JP, Wang YF, Liu YP, Xiang M, Sun WG, Zhang JW, Zhang YH. Kinsenoside: A Promising Bioactive Compound from Anoectochilus Species. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:11-18. [PMID: 30074146 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kinsenoside is a main active component isolated from plants of the genus Anoectochilus, and exhibits many biological activities and pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotective, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperliposis, anti-inflammatory, vascular protective and anti-osteoporosis effects and so on, which is contributing to its promising potency in disease treatments. This review aims to recapitulate the pharmacological functions of kinsenoside, as well as its source, extraction, identification, quantitative analysis, pharmacokinetics, synthesis and patent information. The data reported in this work can confirm the therapeutic potential of kinsenoside and provide useful information for further new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Xing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zeng-Wei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chong Dai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hu-Cheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chun-Mei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yong-Bo Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ya-Fen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei-Guang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jin-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Ye S, Shao Q, Zhang A. Anoectochilus roxburghii: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:184-202. [PMID: 28755972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus roxburghii (Orchidaceae), also known as Jinxianlian (Simplified Chinese: ) and Jinxianlan (Simplified Chinese: ), is valued in many Asian countries, where this plant species is used for medicinal, culinary, and ornamental purposes. As a food, A. roxburghii is widely used as a treatment booster and medicine because of its various beneficial properties; these include, most notably, the curative effects of heat dissipation and cooling of blood, elimination of dampness, detoxification, and immunity enhancement. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical applications of A. roxburghii. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on A. roxburghii was obtained by an online search of worldwide-accepted scientific databases (Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Springer, NCBI, ACS Publications, CNKI, and Wanfang data). RESULTS Phytochemical investigations have revealed that the major chemical constituents of A. roxburghii are polysaccharides, flavonoids, glycosides, organic acids, volatile compounds, steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, and nucleosides. These compounds have been proven to be the main bioactive substances responsible for pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antilipemic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, liver protective, renal protective, immunomodulatory, abirritant, sedative, and antineoplastic effects. CONCLUSIONS A variety of dosage forms of A. roxburghii are currently being applied to patients suffering from hyperuricemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic hepatitis B, Helicobacter pylori infection, cough-variant asthma, and other conditions. Nevertheless, further research is needed to clarify A. roxburghii absorption, distribution, metabolic, and excretion pathways. Moreover, the toxicology in A. roxburghii and A. formosanus are also in urgent need of research, especially long-term in vivo chronic toxicity tests need to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qingsong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Ailian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Parveen I, Singh HK, Malik S, Raghuvanshi S, Babbar SB. Evaluating five different loci (rbcL, rpoB, rpoC1, matK, and ITS) for DNA barcoding of Indian orchids. Genome 2017; 60:665-671. [PMID: 28514600 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Orchidaceae, one of the largest families of angiosperms, is represented in India by 1600 species distributed in diverse habitats. Orchids are in high demand owing to their beautiful flowers and therapeutic properties. Overexploitation and habitat destruction have made many orchid species endangered. In the absence of effective identification methods, illicit trade of orchids continues unabated. Considering DNA barcoding as a potential identification tool, species discrimination capability of five loci, ITS, matK, rbcL, rpoB, and rpoC1, was tested in 393 accessions of 94 Indian orchid species belonging to 47 genera, including one listed in Appendix I of CITES and 26 medicinal species. ITS provided the highest species discrimination rate of 94.9%. While, among the chloroplast loci, matK provided the highest species discrimination rate of 85.7%. None of the tested loci individually discriminated 100% of the species. Therefore, multi-locus combinations of up to five loci were tested for their species resolution capability. Among two-locus combinations, the maximum species resolution (86.7%) was provided by ITS+matK. ITS and matK sequences of the medicinal orchids were species specific, thus providing unique molecular identification tags for their identification and detection. These observations emphasize the need for the inclusion of ITS in the core barcode for plants, whenever required and available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Parveen
- a Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.,b National Centre for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Hemant K Singh
- a Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Saloni Malik
- a Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Saurabh Raghuvanshi
- c Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Shashi B Babbar
- a Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Liu ZL, Zhang JG, Liu Q, Yi LT, Li YM, Li Y. The vascular protective effects of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose under high glucose conditions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:192-199. [PMID: 28286103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus roxburghii has been used as a health food and a herb for treatment diabetes in China for hundreds years. Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose (ARP) is the major active component of the plant. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study investigated the vascular protection of ARP in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypoglycemic activity of ARP was examined in diabetic mice. Moreover, the further vascular protective effects in vitro were investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by high glucose (HG, 35mM). RESULTS Compared with untreated diabetic mice, ARP (100 or 300mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in blood glucose levels. Histological examination showed that ARP ameliorated endothelial damage to some extent, especially ARP at dosage of 300mg/kg. In vitro assay, pretreatment with ARP (10, 20 and 30μg/mL) markedly inhibited generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in HG-induced HUVECs. ARP pretreatment not only suppressed HG-induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity via increasing the expression of the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), but also adjusted the MMPs/TIMPs balance to maintain homeostasis of vascular structure. Moreover, pretreatment with ARP could significantly reduce p-NF-κB p65, p-p38 MAPK expression levels in HG-induced HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS The vascular protective effects of ARP might be associated with NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathway. ARP might be used as useful substance in the treatment of vasculopathy in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Jian-Gang Zhang
- Institute of pathology, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Yu-Meng Li
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Zeng B, Su M, Chen Q, Chang Q, Wang W, Li H. Protective effect of a polysaccharide from Anoectochilus roxburghii against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 200:124-135. [PMID: 28229921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. is traditionally used for the treatment of various types of chronic and acute hepatitis in China. Considering that Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide (ARPT) is the main constituent of Anoectochilus roxburghii, the present study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of ARPT and its possible mechanism in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The hepatoprotective activity of ARPT (150, 300 and 500mg/kg) were investigated on CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice. The activities of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) were determined in serum. The hepatic levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in liver homogenates. The levels of cytochrome P450 sub family 2E1 (CYP2E1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), KC (Murine IL-8 ortholog), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expressions of CYP2E1, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and caspase-3 were evaluated by western blot assays. The hepatic levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-2 and TGF-β1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, histopathological observation and terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) were carried out on the separated livers of mice. RESULTS ARPT significantly decreased serum ALT and AST activities, hepatic MDA level, and markedly enhanced antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) activities and GSH level in hepatic tissue, in a dose-dependent manner, when compared to the model group. Histopathological observation revealed the hepatoprotective effect of ARPT against the damage. Furthermore, ARPT remarkably inhibited CYP2E1 mRNA expression, decreased NF-κB p65 expression and therefore to prevent the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-2 and KC), suppressed TGF-β1 expression and hepatocytes apoptosis. Moreover, ARPT could prevent DNA fragmentation based on TUNEL assay results. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that ARPT possessed hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and the action might in part be through reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Minghua Su
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Qingxi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
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Yang Z, Zhang X, Yang L, Pan Q, Li J, Wu Y, Chen M, Cui S, Yu J. Protective effect of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide against CCl 4 -induced oxidative liver damage in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:442-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Zeng B, Su M, Chen Q, Chang Q, Wang W, Li H. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:391-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Protection of kinsenoside against AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Life Sci 2016; 162:102-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Han Q, Bing W, Di Y, Hua L, Shi-he L, Yu-hua Z, Xiu-guo H, Yu-gang W, Qi-ming F, Shih-mo Y, Ting-ting T. Kinsenoside screening with a microfluidic chip attenuates gouty arthritis through inactivating NF-κB signaling in macrophages and protecting endothelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2350. [PMID: 27584788 PMCID: PMC5059859 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gouty arthritis is a rheumatic disease that is characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) in synovial joints cause by the increased serum hyperuricemia. This study used a three-dimensional (3D) flowing microfluidic chip to screen the effective candidate against MSU-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) damage, and found kinsenoside (Kin) to be the leading active component of Anoectochilus roxburghi, one of the Chinese medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of gouty arthritis clinically. Cell viability and apoptosis of HUVECs were evaluated, indicating that direct Kin stimulation and conditioned medium (CM) from Kin-treated macrophages both negatively modulated with MSU crystals. Additionally, Kin was capable of attenuating MSU-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (NF-κB/MAPK) signaling, targeting IκB kinase-α (IKKα) and IKKβ kinases of macrophages and influencing the expressions of NF-κB downstream cytokines and subsequent HUVEC bioactivity. Inflammasome NLR pyrin domain-containing 3 (NALP3) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) were also inhibited after Kin treatment. Also, Kin downregulated CD14-mediated MSU crystals uptake in macrophages. In vivo study with MSU-injected ankle joints further revealed the significant suppression of inflammatory infiltration and endothelia impairment coupled with alleviation of ankle swelling and nociceptive response via Kin treatments. Taken together, these data implicated that Kin was the most effective candidate from Anoectochilus roxburghi to treat gouty arthritis clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Bing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Di
- Complex and Intelligent Research Center, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hua
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shi-he
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yu-hua
- Wenshan Zhengbao Orthopaedic Hospital of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xiu-guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Yu-gang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Qi-ming
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shih-mo
- Complex and Intelligent Research Center, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tang Ting-ting
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Li L, Li YM, Liu ZL, Zhang JG, Liu Q, Yi LT. The renal protective effects of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose on diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:58-65. [PMID: 26656537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. 1832 is an herbal medicine used to treat diabetes in China. Considering that Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose (ARP) is the main constituent of Anoectochilus roxburghii, the present study is aimed to investigate the renal protection of ARP and its possible mechanism in diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were induced to diabetes with high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). ARP (100, 300 mg/kg) was orally administrated to diabetic mice once a day for consecutive 15 days. The fasting glucose level, expressions of key proteins of p38 MAP kinase cascade, inflammatory factors, fibronectin (FN) and the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were measured. Furthermore, the histological examination of the separated kidneys was also carried out. RESULTS Compared with the diabetic mice, ARP administration induced a significant decrease in blood glucose level and improved the body weight of diabetic mice. In addition, ARP inhibited the expression of renal p38 MAP kinase cascade and its downstream inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), FN as well as MMP2/9. Moreover, the histological examination showed an apparent reduction of mesangial matrix deposition and damage of microvascular structure after ARP administration. CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of ARP on diabetic renal damage may be attributed to the inhibition of p38 MAP kinase cascade and then attenuating the inflammatory responses and high glucose-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Meng Li
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jian-Gang Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.
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Lv T, Teng R, Shao Q, Wang H, Zhang W, Li M, Zhang L. DNA barcodes for the identification of Anoectochilus roxburghii and its adulterants. PLANTA 2015; 242:1167-74. [PMID: 26105653 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chinese medicinal herbs have a similar appearance and are easily confused, complicating identification via traditional methods. This study provided a scientific approach, based on DNA barcoding, to accurately and rapidly identify Anoectochilus roxburghii and its adulterants. This technology complements traditional methods of identification of medicinal herbs. A comparison of the DNA barcodes matK, psbA-trnH and ITS2 was performed to verify that the ITS2 sequence is an effective marker for rapidly and accurately identifying A. roxburghii and its closely related species. Genomic DNA extracted from A. roxburghii and its adulterants were used as templates and the ITS2 sequence was amplified using PCR amplification and sequencing. Species identification was conducted using BLAST1 and neighbor-joining trees. The 12 samples were successfully classified into four species based on the ITS2 sequence. The ITS2 sequence length of A. roxburghii was 253 bp. The average intra-specific genetic distance of A. roxburghii was 0.0021, markedly lower than the inter-specific genetic distance between A. roxburghii and its adulterants (0.0380). Our findings illustrate that ITS2 sequence can accurately and efficiently distinguish A. roxburghii and its adulterants. In addition, the results provided reference for molecular identification of other Chinese herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwei Lv
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Renda Teng
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qingsong Shao
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Hongzhen Wang
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Wangshu Zhang
- Modern Agricultural Research Center in Ningbo, Industrial Technology Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315033, China
| | - Mingyan Li
- Zhejiang Rare Herbal Medicine and Engineering Institute, Wuyi, 321200, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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Jiang JH, Lee YI, Cubeta MA, Chen LC. Characterization and colonization of endomycorrhizal Rhizoctonia fungi in the medicinal herb Anoectochilus formosanus (Orchidaceae). MYCORRHIZA 2015; 25:431-45. [PMID: 25575732 PMCID: PMC4512280 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal effects and techniques for cultivating Anoectochilus formosanus are well-documented, but little is known about the mycorrhizal fungi associated with A. formosanus. Rhizoctonia (Thanatephorus) anastomosis group 6 (AG-6) was the most common species isolated from fungal pelotons in native A. formosanus and represented 67% of the sample. Rhizoctonia (Ceratobasidium) AG-G, P, and R were also isolated and represent the first occurrence in the Orchidaceae. Isolates of AG-6, AG-R, and AG-P in clade I increased seed germination 44-91% and promoted protocorm growth from phases III to VI compared to asymbiotic treatments and isolates of AG-G in clade II and Tulasnella species in clade III. All isolates in clades I to III formed fungal pelotons in tissue-cultured seedlings of A. formosanus, which exhibited significantly greater growth than nonmycorrhizal seedlings. An analysis of the relative effect of treatment ([Formula: see text]) showed that the low level of colonization ([Formula: see text]) by isolates in clade I resulted in a significant increase in seedling growth compared to isolates in clades II (0.63-0.82) and III (0.63-0.75). There was also a negative correlation (r = -0.8801) with fresh plant weight and fungal colonization. Our results suggest that isolates in clade I may represent an important group associated with native populations of A. formosanus and can vary in their ability to establish a symbiotic association with A. formosanus. The results presented here are potentially useful for advancing research on the medicinal properties, production, and conservation of A. formosanus in diverse ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Hau Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-I Lee
- Botany Department, National Museum of Natural Science, No. 1, Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Marc A. Cubeta
- Department of Plant Pathology, Center for Integrated Fungal Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Lung-Chung Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Cheng KT, Wang YS, Chou HC, Chang CC, Lee CK, Juan SH. Kinsenoside-mediated lipolysis through an AMPK-dependent pathway in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes: Roles of AMPK and PPARα in the lipolytic effect of kinsenoside. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:641-647. [PMID: 26055129 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, more than one-third of the global population is overweight or obese, which is a risk factor for major causes of death including cardiovascular disease, numerous cancers, and diabetes. Kinsenoside, a major active component of Anoectochilus formosanus exhibits antihyperglycemic, antihyperliposis, and hepatoprotective effects and can be used to prevent and manage obesity. PURPOSE This study examined the catabolic effects of kinsenoside on lipolysis in adipocytes transformed from C3H10T1/2 cells. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The lipolytic effect of kinsenoside in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes was evaluated by oil-red O staining and glycerol production. The underlying mechanisms were assessed by Western blots, chromatin immunoprecipitation (IP), Co-IP, EMSA and siRNAs verification. RESULTS We demonstrated that kinsenoside increased both adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)-mediated lipolysis, which was upregulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids that require transportation into mitochondria for further β-oxidation. We also demonstrated that kinsenoside increased the phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and CRE-binding protein (CREB), and the protein levels of silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) through an AMPK-dependent mechanism. SIRT1 deacetylated PGC-1α, facilitating AMPK-mediated PGC-1α phosphorylation and increasing the interaction of PPARα with its coactivator, PGC-1α. This interaction elevated the expression of CPT1, a shuttle for the mitochondrial transport of fatty acids, in kinsenoside-treated cells. In addition, AMPK-phosphorylation-mediated CREB activation caused kinsenoside-mediated PGC-1α upregulation. CONCLUSION AMPK activation not only elevated ATGL expression for lipolysis but also induced CPT1 expression for further mitochondrial translocation of fatty acids. The results suggested that the mechanism underlying the catabolic effects of kinsenoside on lipolysis and increased CPT1 induction was mediated through an AMPK-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kur-Ta Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shiou Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Juan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhang JG, Liu Q, Liu ZL, Li L, Yi LT. Antihyperglycemic activity of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 164:180-185. [PMID: 25660333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus roxburghii is a traditional Chinese herb used for treatment of diabetes and some other diseases. Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose (ARP) is the main constituent of Anoectochilus roxburghii. The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effects of ARP in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two doses of ARP (100 or 300 mg/kg) were administered once daily for 25 days to diabetic mice. To evaluate the antidiabetic effects of ARP, the fasting glucose levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and liver glycogen were examined. Furthermore, histological examinations were carried out on the separated pancreas and liver of mice. RESULTS Compared with untreated diabetic mice, ARP (100 or 300 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, activities of AST and ALT, and MDA contents, and a significant increase in liver glycogen contents, SOD activities, thymus index and spleen index. Simultaneously, the alteration in lipid metabolism was partially attenuated as evidenced by decreased serum TC, TG and LDL-C concentrations in diabetic mice. In addition, histological examinations showed that administration of ARP (100 or 300 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the pathologic lesions in pancreas and liver of diabetic mice, and improved pancreas and liver function. CONCLUSIONS The antidiabetic activity of ARP may be attributed to the improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism, increase of immune protection and reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Gang Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
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Yang LC, Hsieh CC, Lu TJ, Lin WC. Structurally characterized arabinogalactan from Anoectochilus formosanus as an immuno-modulator against CT26 colon cancer in BALB/c mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:647-655. [PMID: 24315348 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the innate immuno-modulatory effects and anti-cancer action of arabinogalactan (AG), a derivative of a well-known orchid, Anoectochilus formosanus, were investigated. The innate immuno-modulatory effects of AG were determined in vitro using RAW 264.7 cells for microarray analysis, and in vivo using BALB/c mice administrated with AG at 5 and 15 mg/kg intra-peritoneally for 3 weeks. The anti-cancer activity of AG was evaluated by CT26 colon cancer-bearing BALB/c mice. The microarray analysis was performed to evaluate the innate immunity and demonstrated that AG significantly induced the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and co-stimulatory receptors, such as IL-1α, CXCL2, and CD69. An intraperitoneal injection of AG in mice increased the spleen weight, but not the body weight. The treatment of mitogen, LPS significantly stimulated splenocyte proliferation in AG treated groups. The AG treatment also promoted splenocyte cytotoxicity against YAC-1 cells and increased the percentage of CD3(+)CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells in innate immunity test. Our experiments revealed that AG significantly decreased both tumour size and tumour weight. Besides, AG increased the percentage of DC, CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells, CD49b(+)CD3(-) NK cells among splenocytes, and cytotoxicity activity in tumour-bearing mice. In addition, the immunohistochemistry of the tumour demonstrated that the AG treatments increased the tumour-filtrating NK and cytotoxic T-cell. These results demonstrated that AG, a polysaccharide derived from a plant source, has potent innate immuno-modulatory and anti-cancer activity. AG may therefore be used for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chan Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jang Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Lin
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Liu Q, Liu ZL, Tian J, Shi W, Liu YQ. The semisynthetic spin-labelled derivatives of 3-hydroxybutanolide as potential oxidative stress inhibitors. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1037-44. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.903477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 362011, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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Kim HM, Oh SH, Bhandari GS, Kim CS, Park CW. DNA barcoding of Orchidaceae in Korea. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 14:499-507. [PMID: 24267156 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Species of Orchidaceae are under severe threat of extinction mainly due to overcollection and habitat destruction; accurate identification of orchid species is critical in conservation biology and sustainable utilization of orchids as plant resources. We examined 647 sequences of the cpDNA regions rbcL, matK, atpF-atpH IGS, psbK-psbI IGS and trnH-psbA IGS from 89 orchid species (95 taxa) and four outgroup taxa to develop an efficient DNA barcode for Orchidaceae in Korea. The five cpDNA barcode regions were successfully amplified and sequenced for all chlorophyllous taxa, but the amplification and sequencing of the same regions in achlorophyllous taxa produced variable results. psbK-psbI IGS showed the highest mean interspecific K2P distance (0.1192), followed by matK (0.0803), atpF-atpH IGS (0.0648), trnH-psbA IGS (0.0460) and rbcL (0.0248). The degree of species resolution for individual barcode regions ranged from 60.5% (rbcL) to 83.5% (trnH-psbA IGS). The degree of species resolution was significantly enhanced in multiregion combinations of the five barcode regions. Of the 26 possible combinations of the five regions, six provided the highest degree of species resolution (98.8%). Among these, a combination of atpF-atpH IGS, psbK-psbI IGS and trnH-psbA IGS, which comprises the least number of DNA regions, is the best option for barcoding of the Korean orchid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
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A Type II Arabinogalactan from Anoectochilus formosanus for G-CSF Production in Macrophages and Leukopenia Improvement in CT26-Bearing Mice Treated with 5-Fluorouracil. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:458075. [PMID: 24191166 PMCID: PMC3804054 DOI: 10.1155/2013/458075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anoectochilus formosanus is an herb well known in Asian countries. The polysaccharide isolated from A. formosanus consists of type II arabinogalactan (AGAF), with branched 3,6-Gal as the major moiety. In this study, AGAF was examined for the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production and related protein expression in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. The signaling pathway of G-CSF production involves AGAF and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) inhibitors and pattern-recognition receptor antibodies. AGAF was evaluated to ease the leukopenia in CT26-colon-cancer-bearing mice treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The results of this study showed that AGAF was a stimulant for Toll-like receptor 2 and Dectin-1 and that it induced G-CSF production, through p38 and ERK MAPK, and NF- κ B pathways. In vivo examination showed that the oral administration of AGAF mitigated the side effects of leukopenia caused by 5-FU in colon-cancer-bearing mice. In conclusion, the botanic type II AGAF in this study was a potent G-CSF inducer in vivo and in vitro.
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The vascular protective properties of kinsenoside isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii under high glucose condition. Fitoterapia 2013; 86:163-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Investigating the function of a novel protein from Anoectochilus formosanus which induced macrophage differentiation through TLR4-mediated NF-κB activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kuan YC, Wu TJ, Kuo CY, Hsu JC, Chang WY, Sheu F. Molecular cloning of a new immunomodulatory protein from Anoectochilus formosanus which induces B cell IgM secretion through a T-independent mechanism. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21004. [PMID: 21698210 PMCID: PMC3116865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunomodulatory protein (IPAF) was purified and cloned from Anoectochilus formosanus, an Orchidaceae herbal plant in Asia. The major targeting immune cells of IPAF and its modulating effects toward B lymphocytes were investigated. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was conducted to clone the IPAF gene, and the obtained sequence was BLAST compared on the NCBI database. MACS-purified mouse T and B lymphocytes were stimulated with IPAF and the cell proliferation, activation, and Igs production were examined. IPAF comprised a 25 amino acids signal peptide and a 138 amino acids protein which was homologous to the lectins from Orchidaceae plant. IPAF selectively induced the cell proliferation in mouse splenic B lymphocytes but not T lymphocytes. The IPAF-induced B cells exhibited increased CD69 and MHC class II expression, and a dose- and time-dependent enhancement in IgM production. These results suggested potential benefits of IPAF to strengthen the humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chou Kuan
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsai-Jen Wu
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Che-Yu Kuo
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ju-Chun Hsu
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ying Chang
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fuu Sheu
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Hsieh CC, Hsiao HB, Lin WC. A standardized aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus modulated airway hyperresponsiveness in an OVA-inhaled murine model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:557-562. [PMID: 20092984 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anoectochilus formosanus HAYATA, a Chinese herb, is a valued folk medicine for fever, pain, and diseases of the lung and liver. Allergic asthma is characterized by increased serum IgE level and inflammation of the airways with high levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). Constriction of airway smooth muscle and development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) are the most important symptoms of allergic asthma. In our previous study, a standardized aqueous extract of A. formosanus (SAEAF) was used to modulate innate immunity of normal mice. In this study, airway inflammatory infiltrations, including T cell differentiation, cytokine modulation, allergic antibodies estimation, pulmonary pathology, and enhanced pause (Penh) of AHR were used to evaluate SAEAF treatment of an ovalbumin (OVA)-inhaled airway allergic murine model. The resulting cytokine profiles demonstrated that SAEAF can significantly reduce Th2 polarization after administration of SAEAF in OVA inhalation. These results also suggest that SAEAF modulates cytokine secretion in allergic asthma. Modulated natural T regulatory cells (CD25+/CD4+, Treg) were also shown to increase immuno-suppression in the allergic lung inflammation and further down-regulate airway inflammatory infiltration in eosinophils and macrophages. Finally, decreased airway anti-OVA IgE secretion and reduced AHR were observed. Our results indicate that the administration of SAEAF can modulate cytokines and T cell subpopulation by regulating inflammatory cell infiltration and modulating the allergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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